TITLE: Soil Testing and Plant Analysis for Fertilizer Recommendations
PUBLICATION DATE: July 1993
ENTRY DATE: April 1995
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ISSN: 1052-5378
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Soil Testing and Plant Analysis for
Fertilizer Recommendation
January 1991 - June 1993
QB 93-54
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Soil Testing and Plant Analysis for
Fertilizer Recommendation
January 1991 - June 1993
Quick Bibliography Series: QB 93-54
Updates QB 91-103
153 citations from AGRICOLA
Karl Schneider
Reference and User Services Branch
July 1993 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
Schneider, Karl
Soil testing and plant analysis for fertilizer
recommendation.
(Quick bibliography series ; 93-54)
1. Soil fertility--Bibliography. 2. Fertilizers--
Bibliography. 3. Soils--Testing--Bibliography. 4. Plants--
Nutrition--Analysis--Bibliography. I. Title
aZ5071.N3 no.93-54 AGRICOLA
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activity packet. Soil Testing and Plant Analysis for Fertilizer Recommendations
Search Strategy
1. SS (SOIL? ?(S)(TEST? OR ANAL? OR NUTRIENT?(2N)LEVEL?) OR
(PLANT? ? OR FOLIA?)()ANAL?)/TI,DE,ID,SH
2. SS S8 AND (NUTRIENT?(S)LEVEL? ? OR TISSUE? ? (2N)S3)
3. SS (FERTILI?ER? OR FERTILITY)(S)(ADD? OR NEED? OR NECESS?
OR RECOM? OR APPL?)
4. S DRIS
5. SS (S18 OR S12) AND S26 OR S27
6. S S28 AND UD=9101:9999
Soil Testing and Plant Analysis for Fertilizer Recommendations
1 NAL Call. No.: S631.F422
Assessment of plant-available phosphate in limed, acid soils
using several soil-testing procedures.
Naidu, R.; Syers, J.K.; Tillman, R.W.; Kirkman, J.H.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991 Oct.
Fertilizer research : an international journal on fertilizer
use and technology v. 30 (1): p. 47-53; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Leucaena leucocephala; Lolium perenne; Acid
soils; Phosphorus; Nutrient availability; Nutrient uptake;
Extraction; Correlation; Soil testing; Soil test values;
Liming; Phosphorus fertilizers; Application rates; Soil ph;
Buffering capacity; Adsorption; Dry matter accumulation;
Nutrient content
Abstract: A range of soil-testing procedures was used in a
factorial glasshouse study to assess the plant-available
phosphate (P) status of soils which had been treated with lime
and added P. A close 1:1 relationship (r = 0.90 ) was obtained
between plant P uptake and resin-extractable soil P. In
contrast, Olsen-, Colwell-, Bray (I) and (II)-, and Mehlich-
extractable P were only weakly correlated with P uptake.
Inclusion of 4 different indices of P-buffer capacity did not
improve the relationship between plant P uptake, and
extractable P. The difficulty in relating plant P uptake data
to extractable-soil P levels is attributed to the problems
associated with extracting P from limed soils. There was no
useful relationship between plant P uptake and isotopically-
exchangeable P in the soils.
2 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
Assessment of the nitrogen status of onions (Allium cepa L.)
cv. Cream Gold by plant analysis.
Maier, N.A.; Dahlenburg, A.P.; Twigden, T.K.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization; 1990.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 30 (6): p.
853-859; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South australia; Allium cepa; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Application rates; Nitrogen content; Phosphorus;
Potassium; Plant analysis; Sandy soils; Silica; Yield response
functions
3 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Availability of rock phosphate as indicated by phosphorus
assimilation of plants.
Ames, J.W.; Kitsuta, K.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1932 Feb.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 24 (2): p.
103-122; 1932 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Triticum aestivum; Fagopyrum esculentum;
Nutrient availability; Assimilation; Crop production; Plant
analysis; Rock phosphate; Superphosphate; Phosphorus; Lime;
Manures
Abstract: Phosphorus residual from field applications of
phosphates was consistently reflected by increased amounts in
plants grown in soils from variously treated fertility
experiment plats. Although the phosphorus content of plants
corresponded closely with the phosphate additions, the
indications obtained through the plants were not always in
accord with the crop response to soil treatment. Wheat plants
readily assimilated phosphorus from di-calcium and soluble
phosphates but had less capacity than buckwheat to utilize
phosphorus of rock phosphate. With limestone and phosphate
additions to soil at the same time, phosphorus utilized by
plants indicated a decreased availability due to increased
basicity. This effect was more pronounced with rock phosphate
than superphosphate. Phosphorus assimilation from rock
phosphate addition to previously limed field soil was not
affected to the same extent as when phosphate and limestone
treatments were directly associated. This indicates that
remoteness of liming from rock phosphate treatment may have an
important bearing on reduction of availability. Addition of
limestone to an acid soil increased assimilation of phosphorus
from the natural supply. An interesting fact shown by the
composition of buckwheat grown under different conditions of
soil treatment was the large amount of calcium obtained from
calcium carbonate with practically no increased assimilation
from rock phosphate or di-calcium phosphate, although
phosphorus was readily obtained from these sources. Magnesium
was also readily secured from magnesium carbonate but not from
di-magnesium phosphate. The phosphorus and calcium relation in
plants did not furnish evidence that utilization of calcium
and phosphorus from the same source was a factor influencing
availability of rock phosphate. Increased amounts of
phosphorus secured by plants from more finely ground rock
phosphate indicate that fineness is an important factor
affecting availability of this material. Buckwheat pla
4 NAL Call. No.: S51.E2
Bermudagrass turf response to fertility and cultural
practices. Carrow, R.N.; Johnson, B.J.
Athens, Ga. : The Stations; 1992 Feb.
Research bulletin - University of Georgia, Agricultural
Experiment Stations (407): 28 p.; 1992 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Cynodon dactylon; Cynodon; Soil
analysis; Thatch; Mowing; Soil ph; Rotary mowers; Flail
mowers; Mowers; Application rates; Density; Shoots; Color;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers; Npk fertilizers;
Aeration; Top dressings; Organic fertilizers
5 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Biomass and soil nitrogen relationships of a one-year-old
sycamore plantation. Tschaplinski, T.J.; Johnson, D.W.; Norby,
R.J.; Todd, D.E. Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 May.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (3): p. 841-847;
1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tennessee; Platanus occidentalis; Biomass
production; Exchangeable cations; Leaching; Nitrates;
Nitrification; Nitrogen fertilizers; Nutrient uptake; Water
pollution; Groundwater
Abstract: Maximum efficiency in biomass production in short-
rotation woody crops requires a level of N fertilization that
achieves a balance between maximum growth and minimum NO3(-)
leaching into groundwater. The effects of urea-N fertilizer
applied under various timing regimes were investigated in a
plantation of American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.),
and different aspects of optimum fertilization were explored.
A plantation of sycamore was established at Oak Ridge, TN,
typically a N-poor area. Nitrogen treatments consisted of
differing schedules of urea application, including trees
fertilized at the beginning of the growing season with 0, 50,
150, and 450 kg N/ha, and trees fertilized periodically (three
times during the growing season) at 37.5 kg N/ha.
Fertilization effects on stem and leaf biomass, leaf nutrient
concentration, soil N characteristics, including available N,
mineralizable N, nitrification potential and NO3(-) leaching
loss were determined. The greatest aboveground biomass
accumulation (three times greater than that of unfertilized
controls) was obtained with 450 kg N/ha, but with greater
NO3(-) leaching. Nearly as much biomass was obtained with
almost no NO3(-) leaching when much less N was added either
early in the season (150 kg N/ha) or in periodic applications
(37.5 kg N/ha three times). The rapid decline to control
levels of soil available N in all treatments, and the results
of the aerobic incubations, indicate high nitrification
potential at the site. The results suggest that periodic, low
N fertilization may be optimal on sites with a high
nitrification potential, and that the lower rates tested
minimize NO3(-) contamination of groundwater.
6 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Calibration of corn response to Bray I, Bray II, and Mehlich
II extractable soil phosphorus.
Locke, M.A.; Hanson, R.G.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22
(11/12): p. 1101-1121; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Phosphorus; Soil test values;
Extraction; Nutrient availability; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Application rates; Triple superphosphate; Crop
yield; Nutrient requirements; Mineral content; Leaves;
Equations
7 NAL Call. No.: S631.F422
Changes in the nutrient status of soil caused by cropping and
fertilization in a Typic Ustochrept.
Verma, D.P.; Singh, K.D.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991 Sep.
Fertilizer research : an international journal on fertilizer
use and technology v. 29 (3): p. 267-274; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Zea mays; Triticum aestivum; Brassica
juncea; Sequential cropping; Alluvial soils; Sandy loam soils;
Soil fertility; Fertilizer requirement determination; Nutrient
availability; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium; Manganese;
Iron; Zinc; Copper; Urea; Potassium chloride; Superphosphate;
Trace element fertilizers; Residual effects; Crop production;
Grain; Crop yield; Sustainability; Mathematical models; Soil
test values
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted during 1984-1986
on an alluvial (Typic Ustochrept) soil (pH 8.0, organic carbon
0.46%,) at IARI farm, New Delhi to study the changes in
available soil nutrients (N, P, K, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu) at
different production levels. Fertilizer was applied to wheat
followed by maize, based on the 'Targetted yield concept', and
mustard was grown after the sequence to estimate the residual
effect of nutrients. Nutrient applications for the largest
yield targets (6 t ha-1 of wheat followed by 4 or 5 t ha-1 of
maize) resulted in a comparatively greater buildup of soil
nutrients (N, P and K), the greatest yield of a succeeding
mustard crop, and a better soil nutrient status than that at
the start of the experiment, even after the mustard. When both
crops were fertilized for the largest target yield with
straight fertilizers (Urea, SSP and KCl), the additions of N,
P and K and of micronutrient cations (Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu)
maintained a favorable balance for major and trace nutrients
and provided a sound basis for profitable crop production.
8 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Comparative DRIS and critical concentration interpretation of
papaya tissue analysis data.
Bowen, J.E.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Jan.
Tropical agriculture v. 69 (1): p. 63-67; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hawaii; Carica papaya; Foliar diagnosis;
Methodology; Mineral nutrition; Nutrient deficiencies; Plant
nutrition
9 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
The content of inorganic nitrogen in soils of orchards in
different plantation areas.
Nafe, D.; Lerche, K.; Schonberg, G.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 May. Acta horticulturae (274): p. 339-345; 1990 May.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Diagnosis
of Nutritional Status of Deciduous Fruit Orchards," August
25-28, 1989, Warsaw, Poland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: German democratic republic; Fruit trees;
Orchards; Nitrogen fertilizers; Soil analysis; Nitrogen
content
Abstract: A version of the Nmin-method so far used in
agriculture has been applied to deciduous fruit tree orchards.
The usefulness of this method is discussed on the basis of
measured contents of inorganic nitrogen in soils of different
plantation areas. The investigated factors (year; nitrogen
application differing in amount and date; soil management
carried out as overall herbicide usage or herbicide strips
with grassed alleys; sampling site) have proved less important
for light soils and comparatively more important for medium
and heavy soils. The obtained results reveal that the
background of usual nitrogen fertilizer recommendations should
be revised. Referring to this an advanced approach for
valuating the content of inorganic nitrogen of orchards is
proposed.
10 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Continued modification of the M-DRIS for soybean.
Hallmark, W.B.; Beverly, R.B.; Morris, H.F.; Shuman, L.M.;
Wilson, D.O.; Boswell, F.C.; Adams, J.F.; Wall, D.A.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1990.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 21
(13/16): p. 1313-1328; 1990. Paper presented at the
"International Symposium on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis,"
August 14-18, 1989, Fresno, California. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Integrated systems; Phosphorus;
Potassium; Calcium; Manganese; Zinc; Nutrient deficiencies
11 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Corn response to two fertilization rates under SW Spain
conditions. Murillo, J.M.; Moreno, F.; Cabrera, F.; Castro, C.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23
(15/16): p. 1767-1779; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Spain; Zea mays; Npk fertilizers; Urea;
Application rates; Responses; Plant height; Leaf area; Leaves;
Maize ears; Kernels; Weight; Crop yield; Plant analysis;
Nutrient content; Nutrient uptake; Soil fertility
12 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Corn root distribution as affected by tillage, wheel traffic,
and fertilizer placement.
Kaspar, T.C.; Brown, H.J.; Kassmeyer, E.M.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Sep.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (5): p.
1390-1394; 1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Clay loam soils;
Growth analysis; Roots; Spatial distribution; No-tillage;
Chiselling; Discing; Ridging; Tillage; Soil compaction; Wheel
tracks; Use efficiency; Urea ammonium nitrate; Phosphoric
acid; Potassium chloride; Band placement; Soil injection;
Climatic factors; Soil strength; Bulk density; Soil water
content; Aeration; Growth; Length; Weight; Rhizosphere;
Temporal variation; Soil depth; Nutrient availability
Abstract: Information concerning early-season corn (Zea mays
L.) root distribution is needed so that fertilizer can be
positioned to maximize root interception. The objective of
this study was to examine corn root distribution as affected
by tillage system wheel traffic, and fertilizer placement. The
study site was near Marshalltown, IA, on two silty clay loams,
a Muscatine (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapladoll) and a
Tama (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Arguidoll). Three tillage
systems (no-till, ridge-till and chisel plow) with controlled
traffic and two fertilizer-placement treatments (in-row and
midpoint of the 76-cm interrow) were investigated. Root
length, root weight, and root weight/length ratio were
determined between 36 and 40 d after planting from 10-cm-diam.
soil core samples taken in rows and in interrow centers to a
depth of 30 cm. Wheel-traffic compaction and fertilizer
placement altered corn root distribution, regardless of
tillage system. The upper 15 cm of interrows with wheel-
traffic compaction had less than one-half the root length
(1.27 km m-3) and root weight (19 g m-3) of untracked
interrows (3.88 km m-3 and 49 g m-3, respectively). Root
length and weight increased and root weight/length ratio
decreased in either interrow or row positions when fertilizer
was placed there. Placing fertilizer in an untracked interrow
increased root length from 2.57 to 5.20 km m-3. Tillage system
affected only root growth in untracked interrows. Because root
growth in wheel tracks is restricted, fertilizer-use
efficiency might be improved by not placing fertilizer in
wheel tracks.
13 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Correlation of potassium extracted by different methods with
vegetative growth of teff.
Huluka, G.; Evans, C.E.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23
(13/14): p. 1427-1437; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Eragrostis tef; Soil analysis; Potassium;
Nutrient availability; Measurement; Extraction; Correlation;
Growth; Crop yield; Nutrient uptake; Soil types (genetic);
Potassium fertilizers; Application rates
14 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Correlation of solution and extractable phosphorus with
vegetative growth of teff.
Huluka, G.; Evans, C.E.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22
(13/14): p. 1489-1502; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Eragrostis tef; Loam soils; Clay soils; Sandy
soils; Soil types (mineralogical); Fertilizer requirement
determination; Phosphorus; Sorption; Ssorption isotherms;
Desorption; Solubility; Soil solution; Extraction;
Correlation; Dry matter accumulation; Crop yield; Yield
response functions; Mathematical models; Regression analysis;
Equations; Nutrient availability; Nutrient uptake; Nutrient
content; Physicochemical properties; Calcium phosphates;
Application rates; Greenhouse culture
15 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Correlation of the Olsen phosphorus soil test: winter wheat
response. Jackson, G.D.; Kushnak, G.D.; Carlson, G.R.;
Wichman, D.M.; Jacobsen, J.S. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker;
1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22
(9/10): p. 907-918; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Triticum aestivum; Phosphorus
fertilizers; Soil fertility; Soil testing; Cultivars; Crop
yield; Soil properties; Acid soils; Alkaline soils;
Application rates
16 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Crop response to elemental sulfur fertilizers in central
Alberta. Karamanos, R.E.; Janzen, H.H.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 May.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 71 (2): p. 203-211; 1991
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Brassica napus; Hordeum vulgare;
Luvisols; Sulfur; Ammonium sulfate; Bentonite; Soil
amendments; Residual effects; Assimilation; Nutrient
availability; Nutrient uptake; Plant analysis; Crop yield;
Grain; Seeds; Plant tissues; Incorporation; Slow release
fertilizers; Leaching; Oxidation; Rotations; Seasonal
variation; Application rates; Mineral deficiencies
17 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Determination of DRIS indices for apples (Malus domestica
Borkh). Szucs, E.; Kallay, T.; Szenci, G.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 May. Acta horticulturae (274): p. 443-453; 1990 May.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Diagnosis
of Nutritional Status of Deciduous Friut Orchards," August
25-28, 1989, Warsaw, Poland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Malus pumila; Orchards; Nutritive value; Crop
yield
Abstract: Nutritional values and yield data of 18
representative orchards were assessed in three consecutive
years. DRIS indices indicated that lower crops were correlated
to oversupply of potassium and undersupply of phosphorus while
nitrogen status was neutral, when norms were established by
the traditional method (Beaufils, 1973). Norms, estimated by
quadratic regression analysis for NP-4, NK-4 and KP-4 showed a
general oversupply of potassium and a relative undersupply of
nitrogen and phosphorus, indicating that norms obtained by
regression analysis signify rather the extremities of
nutrition-crop relations than those produced by the
traditional DRIS method. In the case of apple trees low values
of NII were not correlated to low crops, indicating that low
crops may upset the nutritional balance.
18 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Determination of optimal fertilizer dose for fruit trees and
methods of nitrate diagnosis.
Korneva, N.I.; Tsyganov, A.R.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 May. Acta horticulturae (274): p. 249-256; 1990 May.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Diagnosis
of Nutritional Status of Deciduous Fruit Orchards," August
25-28, 1989, Warsaw, Poland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Byelorussian ssr; Fruit trees; Small fruits;
Nurseries; Fertilizers; Application rates; Plant analysis;
Soil analysis; Nitrates
Abstract: A twenty-year experiment showed a positive response
of orchards, berry-fruit plantations and nursery gardens to
fertilization of turf podzolic light loams with an average
percentage of nutrient elements in the process of planting and
exploitation. The choice of optimum rates of mineral and
organic fertilizers was determined by the variety, time and
method of applying fertilizers. This work gives the results of
the comparative study of 4 methods for determining the content
of nitrates in the soil and plant tissues.
19 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Determining of the diagnostic norms for corn on the calcareous
soils of Iran. Malakouti, M.J.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23
(17/20): p. 2687-2695; 1992. In the Special Issue:
International symposium on soil testing and plant analysis in
the global community. Paper presented at the second
international symposium, August 22-27, 1991, Orlando, Florida.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iran; Zea mays; Calcareous soils; Dris;
Fertilizer requirement determination
20 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Development of diagnosis and recommendation integrated system
norms for bahiagrass.
Payne, G.G.; Rechcigl, J.E.; Stephenson, R.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Sep.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (5): p. 930-934; 1990 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Paspalum notatum; Pastures; Fertilizer
requirement determination; Nutrient requirements; Nitrogen;
Phosphorus; Potassium; Calcium; Magnesium; Iron; Manganese;
Zinc; Copper; Plant analysis; Integrated systems; Crop yield;
Forage; Dry matter accumulation
Abstract: Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) is grown on
more pasture land in Florida than all other pasture-grasses
combined. Despite the large amount of bahiagrass grown
annually, there is a surprising lack of information concerning
the nutrient requirements of bahiagrass-pastures. Currently,
fertilizer recommendations for all nutrients, especially
micronutrients. The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated
System (DRIS) was developed to make an interpretation from the
results of the chemical analysis of a plant tissue sample from
which an accurate fertilizer recommendation could be made. The
DRIS represents a holistic approach to interpreting tissue
analyses. This study was conducted to develop DRIS norms for
bahiagrass-pastures and to evaluate the accuracy of those
norms. A database, from which the DRIS norms were determined,
was assembled by collecting 857 bahiagrass-pasture samples
from ongoing bahiagrass field fertility trials located in nine
counties throughout central Florida and analyzing the samples
for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu. At the time of
sampling, forage yields were also determined. When DRIS norms
were applied to data from an independent study in which
bahiagrass was grown in greenhouse solution culture, known
nutrient deficiencies were accurately diagnosed. The nutrients
limiting bahiagrass forage yields in a fertility trial
conducted under field conditions were also correctly
identified by the DRIS interpretation of the tissue analyses.
The results obtained during this study indicate that the DRIS
can be successfully applied to bahiagrass grown and sampled
under a wide range of conditions. Therefore, it appears that
the DRIS developed for bahiagrass can provide very useful
information from which nutrient deficiencies can be readily
and correctly identified and more accurate fertilization
programs can be developed for bahiagrass-pastures.
21 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Development of fertilizer recommendations for new or recently
developed orchard areas.
Robinson, J.B.; Stallen, M.P.K.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 Dec. Acta horticulturae v. 279: p. 577-583; 1990 Dec.
Paper presented at the "Third International Workshop on
Temperate Zone Fruits in the Tropics and Subtropics," December
12-16, 1988, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Orchards; Malus; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Soil fertility; Plant analysis; Soil analysis
22 NAL Call. No.: 99.8 F7632
Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) nutrient
norms for Fraser fir Christmas trees.
Rathfon, R.A.; Burger, J.A.
Bethesda, Md. : Society of American Foresters; 1991 Sep.
Forest science v. 37 (4): p. 998-1010; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Virginia; Abies fraseri; Plant nutrition;
Fertilizer requirement determination; Foliar diagnosis;
Integrated systems
Abstract: Fraser fir (Abies fraseri [Pursh] Poir.) is an
important Christmas tree species in Virginia and North
Carolina. Because it is responsive to fertilization, and
because most Fraser fir growers fertilize their crop, a
scientifically based nutrient diagnosis and fertilizer
recommendation system is needed. The objective of this study
was to develop and test Diagnosis and Recommendation
Integrated System (DRIS) norms for Fraser fir Christmas trees
for the ultimate purpose of establishing a nutrition diagnosis
and fertilizer prescription system. A total of 107 Fraser fir
plantations were sampled for foliage, soil, and diameter
measurements. These plantations represented the range in site
conditions and management practices for Fraser fir Christmas
trees grown in Virginia. Foliage and soil were analyzed for
macro- and micronutrients. DRIS norms were developed from
these data using standard DRIS procedures. A total of 42
nutrient ratios were significant discriminators of tree
performance as measured by variation in groundline diameter.
The norms were tested using sixth-year data from a factorial
fertilizer trial. Nutrient limitations due to both
deficiencies and imbalance were detected and correctly
diagnosed using the newly derived norms. A more thorough
validation will be made with time, but this preliminary test
showed that these norms are a reasonable first approximation.
23 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system for dry
bean: determination and validation of norms.
Wortmann, C.S.; Kisakye, J.; Edje, O.T.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 15 (11): p. 2369-2379; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Phaseolus vulgaris; Dris; Foliar diagnosis;
Nutrient requirements; Mineral content; Nutrient content;
Nitrogen content; Nitrogen; Potassium; Phosphorus
Abstract: The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System
(DRIS) of interpreting results of foliar analysis is an
alternative to the Critical Nutrient Level (CNL) system. DRIS
uses indices of ratios of nutrient concentrations and has been
found to be more accurate in predicting nutrient needs for
numerous crops than the CNL system. The objectives of this
research were to estimate and validate DRIS norms for dry bean
(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) determined from a broad-based data
set. The previously recommended foliar CNL's of 3.0% N, 0.25%
P, and 1.0% K were found to be too low to be useful in
predicting responses to applied fertilizers in the test
environments. Prediction based on levels of 4.7% N, 0.32% P,
and 1.4% K was more accurate than with the lower CNL values.
DRIS was more accurate than either set of CNL values in
predicting responses to applied N, P, and K. Diagnosis with
DRIS was less affected by plant age than CNL.
24 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system modifications
for fraser fir Christmas trees.
Rathfon, R.A.; Burger, J.A.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (4): p.
1026-1031; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Virginia; Abies fraseri; Plant
nutrition; Nutrient requirements; Dris; Modification;
Adjustment; Age of trees; Nutrition surveys; Stems; Diameter;
Measurement; Foliar diagnosis; Nitrogen; Phosphorus;
Potassium; Calcium; Magnesium; Zinc; Manganese; Iron; Copper;
Boron; Equations; Loam soils; Soil fertility
Abstract: The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System
(DRIS) has been used successfully to diagnose the nutrition of
many crops. Some practioners, however, cite problems in
applying DRIS to certain crops. Among the problems are:
identifying a suitable expression of yield, maintaining
symmetry in DRIS index equations, and dealing with extremely
variable micronutrients. The purpose of this study was to
resolve problems as they were encountered in applying DRIS to
Fraser fir (Abies fraseri [Pursh] Poir.) Christmas trees. A
total of 107 Friser fir plantations were sampled for foliage,
soil, and diameter measurements. Foliage was analyzed for N,
P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, and B. Age-adjusted diameter was
used successfully as the growth-response variable. The DRIS
symmetry was maintained by including nonsignificant ratios,
but setting their standardization functions equal to zero.
This reduced the influence of the nondiscriminating nutrient
ratios on the DRIS analysis. Norm ranges, as opposed to
discrete norms, were used successfully to correct for the
influence of extremely variable micronutrient ratios on the
DRIS analysis. This combination of adaptations and
modifications of DRIS should greatly enhance its use for this
tree crop.
25 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Diagnosis of potassium deficiency in bananas using the method
of different values.
Huang, W.Z.; Liang, X.Y.; Lun, X.J.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23 (1/2):
p. 75-84; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Musa; Nutrient deficiencies; Potassium; Plant
analysis; Foliar diagnosis; Potassium fertilizers; Application
rates; Nutrient availability; Rapid methods
26 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
DRIS diagnoses of nutrient sufficiencies and deficiencies in
dallisgrass grown on relatively fertile and infertile soils in
a greenhouse. Savoy, H.J. Jr; Robinson, D.L.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1990.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 21
(13/16): p. 1367-1379; 1990. Paper presented at the
"International Symposium on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis,"
August 14-18, 1989, Fresno, California. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Paspalum dilatatum; Nutrient content; Greenhouse
soils; Soil fertility; Yield increases; Calcium; Magnesium;
Sterility
27 NAL Call. No.: SB319.2.F6F56
DRIS evaluation of the nutrient status of bahia and St.
Augustine turfgrasses. Snyder, G.H.; Sanchez, C.A.; Alrichs,
J.S.
S.l. : The Society; 1990 May.
Proceedings of the ... annual meeting of the Florida State
Horticulture Society v. 102: p. 133-137; 1990 May.
Proceedings held October 31-November 2, 1989, Tampa, Florida.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Paspalum notatum; Stenotaphrum
secundatum; Foliar diagnosis; Plant nutrition; Dris; Nutrient
deficiencies; Fertilizer requirement determination; Computer
software
28 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
DRIS evaluation of the nutritional status of crisphead
lettuce. Sanchez, C.A.; Snyder, G.H.; Burdine, H.W.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1991 Mar. HortScience v. 26 (3): p. 274-276; 1991 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Lactuca sativa; Nutrient content;
Mineral content; Foliar diagnosis; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Mineral deficiencies; Crop yield; Dry matter
accumulation; Nutrient requirements
Abstract: Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System
(DRIS) norms were derived for crisphead lettuce (Lactuca
sativa L.) from field fertility experiments conducted over the
past 20 years on mineral and organic soils in Florida.
Preliminary testing indicates that DRIS diagnoses generally
agree with diagnoses using the sufficiency range approach,
with the advantage of predicting the degree of nutrient
limitation. DRIS also appeared to correctly predict a response
to K where sufficiency ranges currently used did not. Overall,
DRIS appears to be a useful adjunct to the sufficiency range
approach currently used to diagnose nutritional deficiencies
in crisphead lettuce.
29 NAL Call. No.: 100 F663
DRIS evaluation of the nutritional status of crisphead
lettuce. Sanchez, C.A.; Snyder, G.H.; Burdine, H.W.
Belle Glade, Fla. : The Center; 1990 Oct.
Belle Glade EREC research report EV - Florida University
Agricultural Research and Education Center (1990-7): p. 11-25;
1990 Oct. Paper presented at the "Lettuce Research Workshop
of the Everglades Research and Education Center," October 31,
1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Lactuca sativa; Plant analysis; Nutrient
deficiencies
30 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Dynamics of C in a pasture grass (Panicum maximum var.
trichoglume)-soil system.
Bushby, H.V.A.; Vallis, I.; Myers, R.J.K.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Apr.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (4): p. 381-387; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Queensland; Panicum maximum var. trichoglume;
Grassland soils; Clay soils; Carbon cycle; Nitrogen cycle;
Nitrogen; Nutrient deficiencies; Nutrient availability;
Nutrient content; Urea; Ammonium fertilizers; Cutting;
Shading; Shoots; Crown; Growth analysis; Losses from soil
systems; Respiration; Roots; Soil flora; Soil organic matter;
Biomass; Rhizosphere; Assimilation; Spatial distribution
Abstract: A lack of available nitrogen is the primary mineral
constraint to the maintenance of productivity by grass-based
pastures in northern Australia. It is hypothesised that under
N stress, plants maximize soil exploration by the allocation
of a large proportion of their resources below-ground which
imposes constraints on yield from tops. A carbon balance of
mature plants of the C(4) grass green panic (Panicum maximum)
was conducted to investigate this hypothesis. Plants were
grown for 88 days in a chamber containing atmospheric
concentrations of CO2 labelled with 14C. The effects of
nitrogenous fertilizer, removal of shoots and shading on the
partitioning of dry matter and 14C between plant parts and to
the soil, and respirational losses of 14C from roots and
rhizosphere microorganisms were measured. Additions of
fertilizer restored the productivity of rundown plants by
increasing the dry matter (DM) and 14C content of shoots and
crowns. Root DM was not affected by fertilizer but the 14C
content was increased. Thus, N fertilizer increased the
proportion of DM allocated to shoots relative to roots whether
or not shoots were removed. Although the absolute amounts of
14C lost as CO2 from root-rhizosphere respiration increased as
a result of applications of fertilizer N, the proportional
losses were not affected. Over all treatments, loss of 14C by
root-rhizosphere respiration was highly correlated with total
plant DM (r(2) = 0.78). Removal of shoots did not affect shoot
DM production but it did decrease the size of the crowns for
both N treatments. The amount of 14C in the shoots of rundown
(but not of fertilized) plants was increased by cutting, while
for crowns, roots and the microbial biomass, the amount of 14C
was reduced in both rundown and fertilized plants. Shading
rundown plants decreased shoot DM and 14C in the shoots,
crowns, roots, biomass and soil organic matter, plus that lost
through respiration compared to rundown plants in full
sunlight. It is concluded t
31 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
An economic assessment of maintaining high phosphorus and
potassium soil test levels.
Chase, C.; Duffy, M.; Webb, J.; Voss, R.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1991.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 6 (2): p.
83-86; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Rotations; Udolls;
Phosphorus fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers; Application
rates; Economic viability; Profitability; Production costs;
Operating costs; Returns; Crop yield; Soil testing; Soil test
values; Phosphorus; Potassium; Residual effects; Long term
experiments; Seasonal variation; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Sustainability
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization
costs, yields, and economic returns associated with various P
and K fertilization levels were evaluated on corn and soybeans
in rotation in northeastern Iowa from 1979 to 1989. The
treatments were 0, 20, and 40 lb P/acre and 0, 60, and 120 lb
K/acre, in all nine combinations, plus the high rate (40 +
120) applied on alternate years. (The latter treatment
applied, respectively, in odd or even years was averaged into
one treatment.) The initial soil test levels averaged 57
pounds of P and 355 pounds of K The P-K treatments did not
significantly explain the variation in corn or soybean yields.
Net returns were found directly related to the cost of the
treatment, so that the control treatment (0 + 0) achieved the
highest returns. The cost of using the 20 + 60 treatment to
maintain soil test levels in the high to very high range was
$24/acre per year. Annual application of 40 + 120 cost
$45/acre. A sufficiency approach to applying P and K could
drastically reduce fertilizer costs for high-testing soils.
Further research is needed to determine if recommendations
from this approach can be lowered in some cases. Extension
workers must continue to develop ways to aid farmers in
realizing the usefulness of soil testing. Farmers must
carefully evaluate their fertilization needs in conjunction
with soil test results. Together, a more sustainable approach
to P and K fertilization for corn and soybeans may be
attained.
32 NAL Call. No.: S631.F422
Effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield, oil
content, nitrogen accumulation and water use of canola
(Brassica napus L.). Taylor, A.J.; Smith, C.J.; Wilson, I.B.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991 Sep.
Fertilizer research : an international journal on fertilizer
use and technology v. 29 (3): p. 249-260; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Brassica napus; Red brown earths; Clay
loam soils; Irrigated soils; Nitrogen fertilizers; Starter
dressings; Split dressings; Application rates; Irrigation;
Rain; Water deficit; Crop yield; Grain; Rapeseed oil; Chemical
composition; Soil analysis; Plant analysis; Nitrogen; Nutrient
content; Water use; Water use efficiency; Available water;
Soil water content; Evaporation; Climatic factors; Biomass
production; Crop production; Seeds; Pods; Yield components;
Crop growth stage
Abstract: Effects of N application and water supply on yield,
oil content and N accumulation by canola, cultivar Marnoo,
grown on a heavy clay soil in the Goulburn Murray Irrigation
Region were investigated. Treatments were rainfed (Rf) or
watered at a deficit of 50 mm (40-60 mm, I50) beginning in the
spring. N treatments were 0, 50, 100 or 200 kg N ha-1 at
sowing or as split applications of 20/80, and 50/50 kg N ha-1
at sowing and rosette, respectively. Yield (Yg) ranged from
170 to 520 g m-2. Irrigation and N increased yield in both
years. Grain yields were increased by N application on the
irrigated treatments when 100 or 200 kg N ha-1 was applied.
Oil concentrations ranged from a maximum of 46.4% in treatment
N0 to a minimum of 40.6% in treatment N200 and was inversely
related to seed N concentration. Although fertilizer N
decreased oil concentration, it increased the yield of oil.
Nitrogen accumulation (Nb) limited yield of all treatments and
was described by the equation, Yg = 806[1-EXP(-0.039 Nb)].
This implied a decrease in yield per unit of Nb at the higher
rates of fertilizer addition with consequent increases in
grain N concentration. The efficiency of water use in the
production of grain (WUEg) and biomass (WUEb) were 7.5 and 23
kg ha-1 mm-1 respectively. Nitrogen additions increased WUEg
and WUEb in both seasons. Maximum values of 8.9 (WUEg 1986)
and 26.8 (WUEb 1987) were measured from treatment N200. These
data suggest that the crops made efficient use of the applied
water.
33 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Effect of N fertilizer rate on the estimation of N2 fixation
by isotope dilution.
Hamilton, S.D.; Chalk, P.M.; Smith, C.J.; Hopmans, P.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 23 (12): p. 1105-1110; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Lupinus angustifolius; Triticum
aestivum; Red brown earths; Rhizobium lupini; Nutrient uptake;
Nitrogen; Sulfur; Measurement; Ammonium chloride; Potassium
sulfate; Application rates; Nutrient availability; Nitrogen
fixation; Use efficiency; Plant analysis; Nitrogen content;
Isotope dilution; Modification; Comparisons
Abstract: Lupins and wheat fertilized with different rates of
(15)NH4Cl and K2(35)SO4 (N:S=10:1) were grown in the field in
laterally-confined microplots, and the proportion of
biologically-fixed N2 in legume tops (P(atm)) harvested 191
days after sowing was estimated by the (15)N isotope dilution
technique and the A-value modification of this technique.
Estimates of P(atm) decreased markedly as the rate of N
applied to lupins increased from 2.5 to 20 kg N ha-1,
irrespective of the rate of N applied to the reference plant,
illustrating that symbiotic N2 fixation was inhibited by rates
of N fertilizer commonly used to label soil. Both nitrogen and
sulphur A-values for wheat and lupins decreased as rates of
fertilizer application increased, and were associated with
increases in efficiencies of fertilizer N and S use by the
crops. Estimates of P(atm) generally increased as the rate of
fertilizer N applied to the reference plant increased from 20
to 100 kg N ha-1, but the extent of the increase was governed
by the rate of N applied to the legume. Thus the fundamental
requirement of the A-value modification (i.e. the independence
of the reference plant A-value and rate of N application) was
not fulfilled, and estimates of P(atm) using A-values were
higher than estimates using the classical methodology. It was
concluded that the A-value modification of the (15)N isotope
dilution technique has only limited potential application in
estimating the contribution of fixation to plant nutrition.
34 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Effect of nitrogen and nitrogen placement on no-till small
grains: plant nitrogen relationships.
Jackson, G.D.; Kushnak, G.D.; Berg, R.K.; Carlson, G.R.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23
(17/20): p. 2425-2435; 1992. In the Special Issue:
International symposium on soil testing and plant analysis in
the global community. Paper presented at the second
international symposium, August 22-27, 1991, Orlando, Florida.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; No-
tillage; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates; Placement;
Nitrogen; Soil testing; Nutrient uptake; Protein content;
Grain; Nutrient content
35 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Effect of nitrogen and nitrogen placement on no-till small
grains: plant yield relationships.
Kushnak, G.D.; Jackson, G.D.; Berg, R.K.; Carlson, G.R.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23
(17/20): p. 2437-2449; 1992. In the Special Issue:
International symposium on soil testing and plant analysis in
the global community. Paper presented at the second
international symposium, August 22-27, 1991, Orlando, Florida.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; No-
tillage; Continuous cropping; Soil testing; Nitrogen; Nutrient
content; Nitrogen fertilizers; Use efficiency; Placement;
Application rates; Crop yield
36 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Effect of nitrogen and salinity levels in the nutrient
solution on the DRIS diagnosis of greenhouse tomato.
Caron, J.; Parent, L.E.; Gosselin, A.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22
(9/10): p. 879-892; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Greenhouse crops; Dris;
Liquid fertilizers; Nutrient solutions; Nitrogen content;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Plant nutrition; Salinity; Crop yield
37 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
The effect of plant material on the relationship between
sodium acetate and sodium bicarbonate extractable phosphorus
in a Latahco silt loam soil. Li, G.C.; Mahler, R.L.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22 (7/8):
p. 597-612; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Medicago sativa; Pisum sativum; Triticum
aestivum; Phosphorus; Plant residues; Soil amendments; Soil
fertility; Soil testing; Application rates; Extractants;
Sodium acetate; Sodium bicarbonate; Silt loam soils; Soil
water potential
38 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
The effect of soil types and fertilizers on yield and quality
of fiber flax. Robinson, B.B.; Cook, R.L.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1931 Jul.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 23 (7): p.
497-510; 1931 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Linum usitatissimum; Fertilizers; Soil types;
Field experimentation; Crop yield; Laboratory tests
Abstract: This paper presents results obtained in experiments
to ascertain the effect of soil type and fertilizer
application on the flax plant in the field. The heavier types
soil outyielded the lighter soils consistently. Brookston, a
heavy soil, gave much greater straw and fiber yield for three
years than did Hillsdale, a medium soil. The application of
fertilizers to the lighter soils did not cause them to give
yields equal to the untreated heavier soils. Nitrogen added to
combinations of potash and phosphorus fertilizers gave no
increased fiber yields and only slightly increased seed
yields. Phosphorus alone did not seem to increase the yield of
fiber and seed over untreated plats. In combination with
potash, increased yields were obtained. This element when
applied often resulted in an increased length of straw. Potash
applications when applied with phosphorus resulted in
increased yields of fiber and seed. Calcium, which bad been
applied to the soil one year before the experiments were
started, had only a slightly beneficial effect on yields and
lowered the percentage of fiber in the straw. In most cases it
also lowered the fiber strength and the hackling percentage,
indicating a poorer quality of fiber. Magnesium when applied
with calcium tended to counteract the bad effect produced by
the latter element on fiber strength.
39 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Effectiveness of nitrogen and potassium fertilization of apple
trees. Nosal, K.; Poniedzialek, W.; Kropp, K.; Porebski, S.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 May. Acta horticulturae (274): p. 361-364; 1990 May.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Diagnosis
of Nutritional Status of Deciduous Fruit Orchards," August
25-28, 1989, Warsaw, Poland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Poland; Malus pumila; Npk fertilizers;
Application rates; Soil analysis; Foliar diagnosis; Yield
response functions
Abstract: In 1973-1984 3 different levels of fertilization
were applied to apple trees. Mineral fertilization increased
the K content in soil already at the dose of 50 kg/ha N, a
sufficiently high N in leaves was obtained. From the third
year of treatment the concentration of K in leaves increased,
being higher in years with more abundant precipitations,
however, it did not have optimum level even with high doses of
fertilizers. Total yields increased with larger doses of
fertilization, reaching 100% with Do, 130% with Dl, 148% with
D2, and 158% with D3. The application of LS-7 chelate
increased the yield of Bancroft apples and the concentration
of P in leaves of the investigated trees.
40 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
Effects of fertilizer rate, application timing and plant
spacing on yield nad nutrient content of bell pepper.
Russo, V.M.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 14 (10): p. 1047-1056; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Capsicum annuum; Npk fertilizers; Application
rates; Application date; Split dressings; Nutrient uptake;
Nutrient content; Mineral content; Nitrogen content; Leaves;
Fruits; Crop yield; Spacing
Abstract: Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var annuum L.), cv
Pip, transplants were established at 31 and 46 cm in-rows on
bare soil and drip irrigated on a twice weekly schedule. A
base rate of fertilizer was applied either in one preplant
application or in two (preplant and first flower set) or three
(preplant, first flower set, after the midseason harvest)
split applications. Additional fertilizer was applied in
excess of the base rate on a predetermined schedule or after
significant yield decline ('as needed'). Concentrations of 12
elements in leaf and fruit tissues were determined throughout
the growing season. The three-split application of the base
rate of fertilizer increased total yield. Plants spaced at 46
cm had increased total and marketable yield in one year.
Interactions of fertilizer treatment and plant spacing did not
affect total yield. In one year when additional fertilizer was
applied 'as needed', plants spaced at 31 cm produced more
marketable yield than plants spaced at 46 cm. Nutrients in
leaves and fruit did not respond to fertilizer treatment or
spacing. In leaves and fruit, concentrations of elements
increased, decreased or stayed the same in both years. For
leaves, exceptions were Cu, Mn, and N. For fruit, exceptions
were Al, Fe, K, and N. A base level application of fertilizer
applied preplant was sufficient to support marketable fruit
production.
41 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Effects of fertilizers applied on the basis of soil and foliar
diagnosis. Kondakov, A.K.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 May. Acta horticulturae (274): p. 231-232; 1990 May.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Diagnosis
of Nutritional Status of Deciduous Fruit Orchards," August
25-28, 1989, Warsaw, Poland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.S.R.; Europe; Rsfsr; Malus pumila; Npk
fertilizers; Soil analysis; Foliar diagnosis; Yield response
functions
Abstract: Yield of apple trees is raised by applying
corrected zonal dose of NPK on the basis of the results of
leaf and soil analysis.
42 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Effects of N rates and harvest dates on the efficiency of 15N-
labelled fertilizer on early harvested potatoes (Solanum
tuberosum L.). Tran, T.S.; Giroux, M.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 Nov.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 71 (4): p. 519-532; 1991
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Quebec; Solanum tuberosum; Gley podzols; Ammonium
nitrate; Use efficiency; Application rates; Harvesting date;
Temporal variation; Crop yield; Dry matter accumulation;
Weight; Foliage; Tubers; Roots; Nutrient uptake;
Translocation; Soil analysis; Plant analysis; Nitrogen
content; Climatic factors; Seasonal growth; Fertilizer
requirement determination
43 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Effects of residual soil nitrogen and urea on yield and
petiole nitrate of cotton.
Cihacek, L.J.; Kerby, T.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (2): p. 193-197; 1991
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Mexico; Gossypium hirsutum; Urea; Sulfur
coated urea; Fertilizer requirement determination; Application
rates; Residual effects; Soil fertility; Soil analysis; Plant
analysis; Petioles; Chemical composition; Nitrate nitrogen;
Profiles; Nutrient availability; Surface layers; Subsurface
layers; Mineralization; Crop yield; Semiarid climate
44 NAL Call. No.: S596.7.D4
Effects of sample depth, and of lime and phosphorus
applications on soil test levels in pasture soils.
Bryan, W.B.; Elliott, K.C.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991.
Developments in plant and soil sciences v. 45: p. 263-266;
1991. In the series analytic: Plant-soil interactions at low
pH / edited by R.J. Wright, V.C. Baligar and R.P. Murrmann.
Proceedings of the second international symposium, June 24-29,
1990, Beckley, West Virginia. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Acid soils; Grassland soils; Soil testing;
Sampling; Lime; Phosphorus
Abstract: Depth of soil sampling may affect soil fertility
test results. To study this effect, soil samples were taken
from pasture soils (Aquic and Ultic Hapludalfs) in October
1985 at three depths before lime and P applications, and
yearly thereafter. Pastures were assigned three levels of soil
amendment with lime and phosphate fertilizer: 1) none: 2)
medium: and 3) high. Climate was humid continental. The
average initial soil pH was 4.7, and available P 41, K 418,
and Mg 203 kg ha-1. Results showed that the deeper the soil
sample, the lower the pH and available nutrients.
45 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Evaluating SOY-DRIS for predicting manganese deficiency and
sufficiency. Shuman, L.M.; Wilson, D.O.; Hallmark, W.B.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23
(9/10): p. 1019-1029; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Glycine max; Foliar diagnosis; Dris;
Mineral deficiencies; Mineral excess; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Manganese; Accuracy; Computer software
46 NAL Call. No.: DISS 75-25,754
Evaluation of soil test methods and development of a potassium
fertilizer recommendation sytem for Montana.
Haby, Vincent A.
1975; 1975.
xix, 216 leaves : ill. Includes bibliographical references
(leaves 201-216).
Language: English
47 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
External and internal critical phosphorus requirements of
soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] in three Ghanaian soils.
Ankomah, A.B.; Osei-Kofi, V.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Oct.
Tropical agriculture v. 69 (4): p. 315-318; 1992 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ghana; Glycine max; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Nutrient uptake; Phosphorus fertilizers;
Application rates; Plant analysis; Soil fertility; Soil
properties; Crop yield
48 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Fertigation and growth of young 'Hamlin' orange trees in
Florida. Willis, L.E.; Davies, F.S.; Graetz, D.A.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1991 Feb. HortScience v. 26 (2): p. 106-109; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Citrus sinensis; Fertigation; Npk
fertilizers; Broadcasting; Application rates; Frequency; Soil
analysis; Nitrate nitrogen; Ammonium nitrogen; Growth rate;
Plant height; Trunks; Diameter; Shoots
Abstract: One-year-old 'Hamlin' orange [Citrus sinensis (L.)
Osb.] trees on sour orange rootstock (C. aurantium L.) were
used to compare various fertigation frequencies and rates with
application of granular materials. In Expt. 1, granular
fertilizer was applied five times per year or liquid
fertilizer was applied five, 10, or 30 times per year at 0.23
kg N/tree per year as an 8N-3.4P-6.6K formulation. In Expt. 2,
an additional treatment of granular and liquid material was
applied three times per year, but fertilizer rate and
formulation were the same as in Expt. 1. Experiment 3 included
the same application frequencies as Expt. 1, but with two
rates of N (0.11 or 0.06 kg N/tree per year). Soil samples
were taken from each treatment 1, 4, and 7 days after
fertilization at depths of 0-15, 16-46, and 47-76 cm for
nutrient analyses. Trunk diameter, shoot growth, and tree
height were similar for all treatments 8 months after planting
in Expts. 1 and 2, while trees in Expt. 3 had significantly
less growth at the lower rate. Soil NH4-N and NO3-N
concentrations for all liquid treatments within 1 week of
fertilization were highest for the five times per year
treatment at the 0- to 15-cm depth, but nutrient
concentrations of all liquid treatments were similar at the
other depths. For most dates and depths, NH4-N and NO3-N
concentrations were similar for both fertilizer rates.
49 NAL Call. No.: 81 SO12
Fertilizer placement affects growth, fruit yield, and
elemental concentrations and contents of tomato plants.
Mortley, D.G.; Smith, C.B.; Demchak, K.T.
Alexandria, Va. : The Society; 1991 Jul.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science v.
116 (4): p. 659-662; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Lycopersicon esculentum; Npk
fertilizers; Application methods; Effects; Growth; Plant
analysis; Nutrient content; Nutrient uptake
Abstract: The effects of fertilizer placement on growth and
nutrient uptake of 'Count II' tomatoes (Lycopersicon
esculentum Mill.) were evaluated in a 3-year study. Fertilizer
was applied broadcast at two rates or banded in two bands at
two widths or in four bands, or applied in combinations of
sidedressing or broadcasting with banding of N, P, and K at
56, 112, or 224 kg.ha(-1) each. Total fruit yield for the 112
kg.ha(-1) banded treatment was 24% higher than that for the
same rate broadcast and similar to yield for 224 kg.ha(-1)
broadcast. Treatments involving combined placements, wider
bands, or four bands produced yields similar to that for 112
kg.ha(-1) banded, but the 56 kg.ha(-1) banded with two 56
kg.ha(-1) sidedressings had the highest yield. Leaf
concentrations and plant contents of N, P, and K and
percentage recovery of quantities applied were generally
higher in treatments involving banding or sidedressing when
compared to broadcasting. Leaf Mn was much higher in banded or
sidedressed than for broadcast treatments but was lower when
112 kg.ha(-1) was applied in four bands than in two. Only with
Mg and Mn were leaf concentrations and plant contents
highlycorrelated. With 112 kg.ha(-1) banded, 31.2% of the N,
5.8% of the P, and 44.7% of the K applied were taken up,
compared to 12.5%, 2.3%, and 17.2%,respectively, for double
this rate broadcast.
50 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Field crop recovery and modeling of nitrogen mineralized from
labeled sorghum residues.
Vigil, M.F.; Kissel, D.E.; Smith, S.J.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (4): p.
1031-1037; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Sorghum bicolor; Triticum aestivum;
Nutrient availability; Mineralization; Nitrogen;
Decomposition; Crop residues; Sorghum; Nutrient uptake;
Carbon-nitrogen ratio; Simulation models; Regression analysis;
Subsurface application; Double cropping; Isotope labeling;
Ammonium nitrogen; Nitrate nitrogen; Soil water content; Soil
temperature; Silt loam soils; Argillic horizons; Seasonal
variation
Abstract: Efficient use of fertilizer N requires an
assessment of the N contribution from decomposing crop
resumes. The objectives of this study were to quantify and
model the amount of mineralized N recovered by a growing crop
from 15N-labeled sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)
residues of variable N concentration and composition. The
residues were incorporated into the surface soil of field
microplots. The microplots were double-cropped with sorghum
and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for a 3-yr period. The 15N
tag in the crop residue was used to distinguish between
residue-derived N and that from soil organic matter. Between
4.5 and 25% of the residue N applied (36-83 kg N ha-1 was
applied as crop residue N) was recovered by a sorghum crop 110
d after incorporation. This constituted 56 to 77% of the total
N recovered during a 3-yr period. Accumulated N recovered over
time was described by modified first-order models. Regression
analysis indicated that 93% of the variability in N recovered
by 110 d could be explained using the C/N ratio and acid-
detergent fiber contents of the residues. Measurements of N
mineralized, using the method described above, were compared
with predicted N mineralized using MINIMO (a subroutine of the
CERES-Maize model). After adjusting MINIMO parameters using
data collected 110 d after residue incorporation, the slope
and intercept of a linear fit between measured and MINIMO-
predicted N mineralized 1097 d after residue incorporation
were not different from one and zero, respectively.
51 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Fractional neutralization of soil acidity for the
establishment of clover. Albrecht, W.A.; Poirot, E.M.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1930 Jul.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 22 (7): p.
649-657; 1930 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Clovers; Soil acidity; Testing; Soil ph;
Fertilizers; Liming; Field experimentation; Trials
Abstract: Extensive field trials of amounts of lime as small
as 300 pounds of 30-mesh material per acre combined with
inoculated soil and drilled with the clover seed demonstrated
by trials of 3 years that this treatment was as effective as
5,000 pounds of 10-mesh limestone broadcast for establishing
the clover crop on a lime-deficient soil (Gerald silt loam).
The use of small amounts of fine lime drilled with the seed
was effective in establishing both red and sweet clovers. On
account of defective sweet clover seed, this crop was included
in only two years of this study. The fine lime produced crops
of sweet clover as good as those produced by the heavy
applications of the 10-mesh stone, while the crops of red
clover were usually superior under the treatments with the 30-
mesh stone. The use of the finer lime hastened the development
of thorough inoculation on the roots of the clovers and served
to establish them more quickly through this aid on this soil
of depleted fertility. The results of this study raise doubt
as to whether it is necessary to neutralize completely the
acidity of the surface soil for the successful growth of
clover and suggest that it may be necessary to provide only
certain limited areas of limed soil accessible to the clover
roots.
52 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
General model for predicting crop response to fertilizer.
Johnson, G.V.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (2): p. 367-373; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Crop yield; Prediction; Yield response
functions; Nitrogen fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers;
Phosphorus fertilizers; Mathematical models; Soil fertility;
Soil test values
Abstract: Predicting crop response to fertilizers is
fundamental to determining fertilization profitability. This
paper describes development of a general model to predict crop
response to N, P, and K fertilizers. The Mitscherlich percent
sufficiency concept and Bray mobility concept are the general
underlying principles upon which the model is developed. Crop
yields are projected within the limits of a maximum equal to
the yield goal and a minimum calculated as a fraction of the
yield goal based on percent sufficiency--calibrated P and K
soil tests, and available mineral and organic N. Organic N
contributions are estimated from algorithms developed to
provide a means of indexing the degree to which crops in the
past were grown in a N-rich environment and easily
mineralizable organic N accumulated. Output of the model
generates N, P, and K response surfaces typical of those
generally found in the literature. Evaluation of the quadratic
P response components in the model indicate that a coefficient
of 2 for the linear term and 1 for the squared term are good
first approximations. Magnitude of P and K fertilizer
responses is related directly to soil test value and amount of
nutrient applied. Response to N fertilizer is large and nearly
linear when the yield average is small compared to the yield
goal. The response decreases and becomes more curvilinear as
the yield average approaches the yield goal. The model is
general enough to have broad application, yet allows for local
specificity through use of the soil test and yield goal
information.
53 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Growth of chrysanthemum at low, relatively steady nutrient
levels in a commercial-style substrate.
Williams, K.A.; Nelson, P.V.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1992 Aug. HortScience v. 27 (8): p. 877-880; 1992 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dendranthema morifolium; Nutrient solutions;
Growing media; Plant nutrition; Npk fertilizers; Application
rates; Soil solution
Abstract: Nutrient solution with a molar ratio of 10 N : 1 P
: 3 K was applied in scheduled intervals at rates of 0.5, 1,
4, or 20 mM N (NO3 + NH4) to Dendranthema X grandiflorum
(Ramat.) Kitamura 'Sunny Mandalay' plants seven (7/day) or 14
times/day (14/day). These plants were compared to a 20 mM N
control in which nutrient solution was applied when the soil
moisture tension reached 30 kPa. Plants with 7/day had
significant quadratic relationships for height, width, and dry
weight, with the lowest responses at the low nutrient
concentration. With 14/day, height and dry weight did not
differ, although width did increase linearly with nutrient
solution concentration. However, linear regression slopes for
all three variables were much lower with 14/day than with
7/day. At midcrop in both experiments, significant regression
curves indicated that the lower concentrations of nutrient
solution resulted in lower tissue N and K levels; however,
slopes of the linear regressions were lower with 14/day than
with 7/day. With 7/day, the water content (percentage) of
plants in the schedule-fertilized treatments was higher in
plants receiving higher nutrient concentrations, as indicated
by the significant linear and quadratic regression curves.
With 14/day, the water content was linearly related to
solution nutrient concentration, but with a lower slope than
with 7/day. These three trends indicate that steady-state
nutrition was more closely achieved in a commercial-style
substrate with 14/day applications of nutrient solution. These
results suggest that plant growth that meets commercial
expectations can be achieved at lower soil solution nutrient
concentrations than currently applied.
54 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
The growth of white lupine on a Calciaquoll.
Moraghan, J.T.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Sep.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (5): p.
1353-1357; 1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Calcareous soils; Loam soils; Lupinus albus;
Triticum aestivum; Root systems; Nutrient availability;
Nutrient deficiencies; Plant development; Phosphorus; Iron;
Manganese; Nitrogen; Ammonium phosphates; Iron fertilizers;
Bradyrhizobium; Ammonium nitrate; Nutrient sources; Roots;
Rhizosphere; Nodulation; Root nodules; Leaves; Chlorosis;
Shoots; Nutrient content; Nutrient transport; Nutrient uptake;
Nitrogen fixation; Plant analysis; Statistical analysis; Dry
matter accumulation; Acidification; Greenhouse culture
Abstract: White lupine (Lupinus albus L.), an annual legume
used for grain production in temperate climates, forms
proteoid root (clusters of determinate rootlets on sections of
lateral roots), accumulates Mn, and grows poorly on calcareous
soils. This study was conducted to determine, under greenhouse
conditions, the influence of P (0 vs. 120 mg NaH2PO4-P kg-1),
Fe (0 vs. 2 mg FeEDDHA-Fe kg-1), and N source (inoculation
with Bradyrhizobium lupini vs. 80 mg NH4NO3- N kg-1) on growth
of 'Kiev' white lupine on a Wheatville loam (coarse-silty over
clayey, frigid, Aeric Calciaquoll) low in available P, Fe, and
N. Yield of white lupine shoots was increased by Fe and P
fertilizers but was unaffected by N source. Wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.) gave a three-fold increase to N fertilizer under
similar conditions. Inoculated white lupine plants were
nodulated but uninoculated ones were not. Number and weight of
nodules were stimulated more than twofold by application of Fe
and P fertilizers. Plants without added Fe displayed leaf
chlorosis that was increased by P and N fertilizers and
decreased by added Fe and advancing plant age. The incidence
of proteoid roots encased in hard-to-remove soil was depressed
more than two-thirds by P fertilizer, but was stimulated by
inoculation. Concentration of Mn in white lupine shoots was
depressed by P fertilizer, stimulated by inoculation, and
little affected by added Fe. Iron deficiency detrimentally
affected the growth of white lupine on the Wheatville soil and
its severity was intensified by N and P fertilization.
55 NAL Call. No.: SB319.2.N6G84
Home and market garden fertilization.
Glover, C.; Herrera, E.
Las Cruces, NM : The Service; 1988 Nov.
Guide H - New Mexico State University, Cooperative Extension
Service (120): 4 p.; 1988 Nov.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Mexico; Vegetables; Fertilizers; Soil
testing; Plant nutrition; Application rates
56 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Identification of nutritional influences on cone production in
Fraser fir. Arnold, R.J.; Jett, J.B.; Allen, H.L.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Mar.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (2): p. 586-591;
1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Abies fraseri; Foliar nutrition;
Foliage; Nutrient content; Seasonal variation; Winter; Summer;
Seed cones; Yields; Dris; Seed production
Abstract: Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] is highly
valued as a freshcut Christmas tree. Commercial cultivation is
limited partly by seed scarcity. The purpose of this study was
to develop foliar tissue nutrient norms for female cone yield
to use in the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System
(DRIS), for ultimately improving cone yields. Two sets of
these norms were developed, one set based on February and the
other on July foliar nutrient levels. Neither single mineral-
nutrient concentrations nor other assessed tree parameters
correlated with cone yield. However, nutritional
discrimination between high- and low-yielding trees was
obtained with July tissue. Discrimination with February needle
samples was poor. Reasonable agreement was obtained for orders
of nutrient limitations diagnosed from the two seasonally
specific sets of norms. Results indicated the potential to use
DRIS to aid in selection of clones and prescribing treatments
to enhance cone yields.
57 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Identifying and removing spatial correlation from yield
experiments. Bhatti, A.U.; Mulla, D.J.; Koehler, F.E.;
Gurmani, A.H.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Nov.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (6): p.
1523-1528; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Pakistan; Triticum aestivum; Winter
wheat; Gossypium hirsutum; Eroded soils; Sloping land;
Phosphorus fertilizers; Nitrogen fertilizers; Soil treatment;
Spatial distribution; Correlation; Crop yield; Spatial
variation; Soil variability; Analysis of variance; Field
experimentation; Experimental design; Errors; Trends;
Quantitative analysis; Statistical methods
Abstract: In classical statistics, the effect of soil trends
is compensated for by replication and randomization of
treatments. Two field experiments were conducted at sites with
significant soil trends to evaluate the use of semivariograms
for identifying spatial correlation in plot yield, and
evaluate the ability of nearest-neighbor analysis (NNA) in
removing trend. The first experiment involved a P-fertilizer
trial with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on an eroded
hillslope in eastern Washington. The second experiment
involved a N- and P-fertilizer trial with cotton (Gossypium
hirsutum L.) in Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. One of the
difficulties in using semivariograms of plot-yield data to
evaluate spatial correlation in experimental errors is that
yield is affected by the presence of trends as well as by the
pattern in treatment randomization and replication. To remove
the influence of treatment randomization, the measured mean
for each treatment was subtracted from the measured yield for
that treatment in each plot. Semivariograms of these
deviations in yield relative to the treatment mean showed
significant structure for both experiments, indicating spatial
correlation between plots resulting from soil trends. We used
NNA to adjust measured plot yields for the effects of spatial
correlation. Semivariograms of yield deviations after this
adjustment exhibited no spatial structure, indicating removal
of spatial correlation between plots. Analysis of variance
(ANOVA) on measured yields before adjustment by NNA in both
experiments showed nonsignificant treatment effects, while
block effects were highly significant. Thus, without
adjustment, the experimental results showed no response to the
applied fertilizer treatments. In contrast, ANOVA on adjusted
yields after NNA showed highly significant treatment effects,
while block effects were nonsignificant.
58 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Improved nitrogen management in irrigated durum wheat using
stem nitrate analysis. I. Nitrate uptake dynamics.
Knowles, T.C.; Doerge, T.A.; Ottman, M.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (2): p. 346-352; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Triticum turgidum; Triticum durum;
Cultivars; Nitrogen fertilizers; Residual effects; Application
rates; Movement in soil; Soil texture; Sandy loam soils; Clay
loam soils; Nitrate nitrogen; Stems; Plant analysis;
Fertilizer requirement determination; Nitrogen; Recovery; Crop
yield; Grain; Crop quality; Nutrient uptake; Irrigated stands;
Semiarid climate
Abstract: Intensive N management for irrigated spring wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) grown in arid and semi-arid regions
requires preplant soil, plus periodic basal stem analyses for
nitrate. Additional information on the relationships between
grain yield and quality, N rates and stem nitrate-N (NO3-N)
levels is needed for the wide range of agronomic conditions
found in areas where irrigated durum wheat (Triticum turgidum
L. var. durum) is grown. Five field experiments were conducted
during the 1985 to 1988 crop years in southern Arizona to
examine the effects of N rate, mobility of N fertilizer form,
level of residual soil N, soil texture, and two contrasting
wheat cultivars on basal stem NO3-N concentrations and grain
yield and quality of durum wheat. Stem NO3-N concentrations
were responsive to both fertilizer and soil-N levels. Nitrogen
applications containing mobile NO3-N or urea-N resulted in
stem NO3-N concentrations at the Feekes 2 growth stage (GS)
that averaged 52% less (2.0 vs. 4.2 g NO3-N kg-1) than when an
equivalent amount of an immobile NH4-N source was used on Casa
Grande sandy loam [coarse, loamy, mixed (caleareous),
hyperthermic, Typic Natrargid (reclaimed)] soil. Different N
sources had no significant effect on stem NO3 levels for wheat
grown on a Trix clay loam [fine loamy, mixed (caleareous),
hyperthermic, Typic Torrifluvent] soil. Wheat grown on finer
textured clay loam soils showed a two fold increase for NO3-N
accumulation in basal stem tissue due to N applications
ranging from 225 to 651 kg N ha-1 over the sampling period
from GS 6 through 10.5. No statistical or practical
differences were observed in the quantities of NO3-N contained
in the stem tissue of two popular durum wheat cultivars
(Aldura and Westbred-881) when equivalent rates of N were
applied. Visual deficiency symptoms were not observed, and
subsequent grain yield and quality did not suffer when stem
NO3-N levels decreased to no lower than 1.0 g kg-1 following
GS 6. These results provide
59 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Improved nitrogen management in irrigated durum wheat using
stem nitrate analysis. II. Interpretation of nitrate-nitrogen
concentrations. Knowles, T.C.; Doerge, T.A.; Ottman, M.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (2): p. 353-356; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Triticum turgidum; Triticum durum;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Application date; Crop growth stage;
Irrigated stands; Basin irrigation; Plant analysis; Stems;
Nitrate nitrogen; Nitrogen; Recovery; Nutrient uptake; Crop
yield; Grain; Crop quality; Semiarid climate; Fertilizer
requirement determination
Abstract: Attempts to characterize the N status of irrigated
spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using basal stem nitrate-N
(NO3-N) tissue tests have shown contradictory results due to
the narrow range of agronomic conditions existing in most
studies. Five field experiments were conducted in southern
Arizona to examine the effects of N rate, mobility of N
fertilizer form, residual soil N, soil texture, and two
contrasting cultivars on basal stem NO3-N concentrations,
yield and quality of irrigated durum wheat (Triticum turgidum
L. var. durum). Fertilizer N treatments were broadcast at
planting, then at Feekes 5, 10, and 10.5 growth stages (GS) to
simulate fertilization in conjunction with the first four
basin irrigation events. Stem tissue samples were taken from
all plots at GS 2, 5, 6, 10, and 10.5 for NO3-N analysis. A
critical level of 2000 mg NO3-N kg-1 in durum wheat stem
tissue at GS 2 through 5 was suggested. Critical wheat stem
tissue NO3-N concentrations of 1000 mg kg-1 at GS 6 through 10
and 500 mg kg-1 at GS 10.5 were also defined. Significant
grain yield reductions due to excessive N fertilizer
applications resulted when stem tissue NO3-N concentrations
exceeded 6000, 5000, 4000, 3000, and 2000 mg kg-1 at GS 2, 5,
6, 10, and 10.5, respectively. Optimum durum wheat grain yield
and quality occurred when basal stem tissue NO3-N
concentrations ranged from 3000 to 4000, 2500 to 3500, 1000 to
1500, 500 to 1000, and 200 to 500 mg kg-1 at GS 2, 5, 6, 10,
and 10.5, respectively. These results should prove useful in
predicting the N needs of irrigated durum wheat grown under
arid and semi-arid conditions.
60 NAL Call. No.: 100 L936
Improving nutrition of soybeans grown in a double-crop system
with wheat. Kovar, J.L.; Moore, S.H.; Harrison, S.A.
Baton Rouge, La. : The Department; 1989.
Report of projects - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
Station, Department of Agronomy. p. 122-123; 1989.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Glycine max; Triticum aestivum; Double
cropping; Fertilizers; Application; Soil analysis; Nutrient
content; Plant residues; Decomposition; Nutrient uptake;
Roots; Growth; Tillage
61 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M58B
Individual field file.
East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1992 Mar.
Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan
State University (2343): 6 p.; 1992 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crop production; Record keeping; Farm planning;
Soil testing; Fertilizer requirement determination;
Pesticides; Application
62 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Influence of added nitrogen interactions in estimating
recovery efficiency of labeled nitrogen.
Rao, A.C.S.; Smith, J.L.; Papendick, R.I.; Parr, J.F.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Nov.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (6): p.
1616-1621; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Triticum aestivum; Agricultural
soils; Silt loam soils; Nitrogen; Use efficiency; Nutrient
uptake; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates; Carbon;
Organic compounds; Biomass; Soil flora; Carbon-nitrogen ratio;
Losses from soil systems; Clay fraction; Crop growth stage;
Immobilization; Mineralization; Denitrification; Dry matter
accumulation; Nutrient content; Temporal variation; Pot
experimentation; Isotope dilution; Analytical methods
Abstract: The addition of N fertilizer to soil has been shown
to stimulate the uptake of native soil N via a priming effect
recently termed added nitrogen interaction (ANI). This ANI,
due to pool substitution, can substantially affect the N-
recovery efficiency (NRE) by plants as calculated by the 15N
isotopic dilation technique. We evaluated NRE in a pot study
using 'Edwall' spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with three
soils (Palouse, a fine-silty, mixed, mesic Pachic Ultic
Haploxeroll; Ritzville, a coarse-silty, mixed, mesic
Calciorthidic Haploxeroll; and Shano, a coarse-silty, mixed
mesic Xerollic Camborthid) of varying organic C (OC) levels
and five levels of 15N-labeled fertilizer. Data obtained at 60
d after emergence (DAE) showed that NRE generally increased
with fertilizer additions, was lowest in the soil having the
greatest OC, and ranged from 57 to 79%. The NRE values
estimated by the isotopic method averaged 20% lower than those
estimated by the difference method, although the two estimates
were strongly related. Although the magnitude of ANI showed no
direct relationship to OC levels, it was strongly related to N
rates, OC, soil C/N ratio, and N lost, which together
explained 73% of the relationship. The magnitude of occurrence
of ANI appears to be influenced by several factors and thus
may be soil specific. Regression of NRE with soil properties
showed that NRE was influenced primarily by the same factors
that influenced ANI. This study suggests that, for accurate
comparisons of nitrogen recovery efficiency between soils or
treatments using the isotopic method or for comparing methods
of determining N-recovery efficiency, the role of added N
interaction must be considered.
63 NAL Call. No.: SD13.C35
The influence of phosphorus concentration and frequency of
fertilization on ectomycorrhizal development in containerized
black spruce and jack pine seedlings.
Browning, M.H.R.; Whitney, R.D.
Ottawa, Ont. : National Research Council of Canada; 1992 Sep.
Canadian journal of forest research; Revue canadienne de
recherche forestiere v. 22 (9): p. 1263-1270; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pinus banksiana; Picea mariana; Seedlings; Pot
plants; Container grown plants; Laccaria; Ectomycorrhizas;
Soil inoculation; Phosphorus fertilizers; Application rates;
Growth; Plant height; Weight; Frequency
Abstract: The growth response of jack pine (Pinus banksiana
Lamb.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.)
seedlings was tested in growth chambers at two levels of P,
with or without inoculation of the mycorrhizal fungus Laccaria
bicolor (Maire) Orton and with weekly or thrice-weekly
fertilizer application. While keeping N and K constant, an
increase of P from 1.5 to 7.2 mg per seedling severely reduced
formation of L bicolor ectomycorrhizae on both jack pine and
black spruce 17 weeks after inoculation. Inoculation of black
spruce with L bicolor was more successful (75%) than
inoculation of jack pine (35%). Inoculated black spruce
seedlings were 34% taller and 44% heavier than uninoculated
controls, but only at the low P level; they were also 39%
heavier and had more abundant L bicolor ectomycorrhizae (180%
of the weekly treatment) when fertilized thrice weekly than
with weekly fertilization that supplied the same total
nutrients. Dry weights of jack pine inoculated with L bicolor
were 26 and 33% larger than those of uninoculated seedlings at
high and low P levels, respectively. Fertilizing thrice weekly
also produced 23% larger dry weights of jack pine, but fewer
ectomycorrhizae were formed than with weekly fertilization
(65% of the weekly value). The results indicate that
inoculation of black spruce seedlings with L. bicolor will
produce larger seedlings, but only where low P fertilizer is
applied, preferably thrice weekly. Jack pine may benefit from
artificial inoculation with L. bicolor, especially in a higher
fertility growing medium.
64 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Input of fertilizer-derived labelled N to soil organic matter
during a growing season of maize in the field.
Balabane, M.; Balesdent, J.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Feb.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (2): p. 89-96; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: France; Zea mays; Nitrogen; Cycling; Soil organic
matter; Ammonium nitrate; Farm inputs; Seasonal growth; Crop
growth stage; Nutrient uptake; Immobilization; Soil flora;
Fractionation; Particle size; Sand fraction; Clay fraction;
Silt fraction; Plant analysis; Soil analysis; Nitrogen
content; Carbon; Roots; Soil depth; Spatial distribution;
Ammonium nitrogen; Nitrate nitrogen; Dry matter accumulation;
Carbon-nitrogen ratio; Crop residues
Abstract: Fertilizer N was applied as 15N-labelled ammonium
nitrate to a maize crop grown under field conditions in north-
western France. After labelled-N was supplied (in May), plant
and soil samples (to 80 cm depth) were collected at the 10-
leaf stage (in June), flowering (in August) and harvest (in
October). At harvest, applied N was recovered quantitatively
in the plant and soil system (100 +/- 6%): 71 +/- 4% in above-
ground plant parts, 26 +/- 3% in the soil organic phase and 3
+/- 3% as residual fertilizer in the soil. From mid-May to
late-June, microbial immobilization accounted to a large
extent for fertilizer N input to soil organic matter (20 kgN
ha-1). Recently-immobilized N in the topsoil (0-35 cm) was
associated mainly with the clay particle-size fraction: 47,
32, 17 and 4% with fine clay, coarse clay, silt and fine sand
fractions, respectively. From late-June to mid-August (when
maize displays its maximum root growth rate) another 20 kg
ha-1 of fertilizer N were incorporated as soil organic N. From
mid-August to the end of the growing season in October, no
significant variation in the amount of fertilizer-derived
organic N in the soil was recorded. Pathways of in situ input
of fertilizer N to soil organic matter were approached by
comparing soil organic N labelling with 13C natural labelling
of the same soil samples by maize C. Particle-size fractions
>200 micrometer incorporated labelled-N mainly through maize
underground biomass production. At harvest, 20% of the
fertilizer-derived organic N present in the soil was located
in these fractions as root material. Microbial immobilization
of fertilizer N, associated with native C, contributed largely
to the N-labelling of the < 50 micrometer fraction.
Fertilizer-derived organic N incorporated into this fine
fraction displayed a similar distribution, amongst clay and
silt subfractions, within each of the three growth periods.
Expressed on a whole-soil basis, fine clay <0.2 microgram and
fractions >200 micrometer w
65 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Iron status of crops in Prince Edward Island and effect of
soil pH on plant iron concentration.
Gupta, U.C.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 May.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 71 (2): p. 197-202; 1991
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Prince edward Island; Hordeum vulgare; Avena
sativa; Medicago sativa; Phleum pratense; Acid soils; Iron;
Plant nutrition; Soil ph; Nutrient content; Plant tissues;
Grain; Plant analysis; Nutrient availability; Iron
fertilizers; Foliar spraying; Soil treatment; Split dressings;
Broadcasting; Application rates; Mineral deficiencies
66 NAL Call. No.: 94.69 G29
Irrigation and nitrogen fertigation of old pecan trees.
Worley, R.E.; Daniel, J.W.; Dutcher, J.D.; Harrison, K.A.
Starkville, Miss. : The Association; 1990.
Proceedings of the annual convention - Southeastern Pecan
Growers Association (83): p. 29-35; 1990. Meeting held
February 25-27, 1990, Destin, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Carya illinoensis; Cultivars; Trees;
Trickle irrigation; Fertigation; Nitrogen fertilizers; Crop
yield; Application rates; Leaves; Plant analysis; Soil
analysis
67 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
Irrigation water salinity affects soil nutrient distribution,
root density, and leaf nutrient levels of citrus under drip
fertigation. Alva, A.K.; Syvertsen, J.P.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 14 (2): p. 715-727; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Citrus sinensis; Citrus sinensis x poncirus
trifoliata; Citrus aurantium; Mineral content; Nutrient
content; Leaves; Nutrient availability; Spatial distribution;
Fertigation; Soil; Irrigation water; Saline water; Root
systems; Foliar nutrition
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the
effects of irrigation water salinity on soil nutrient
distribution, citrus leaf nutrition and root density.
Irrigation water, salinized to an EC of about 0.3, 1.6, or 2.5
dS/m using a 3:1 ratio of NaCl:CaCl2 plus uniform weekly
applications of liquid fertilizer, was applied through a drip
system. Soil samples were taken at depths of 0-15 and 15-30
cm, both directly under the drippers and 45 cm outward from
the drippers, near 8-year old 'Valencia' orange trees on
either Carrizo citrange or Sour orange rootstocks growing in a
Candler fine sand in lysimeter tanks. In both undisturbed and
uniformly mixed soil profiles, soil pH and concentrations of
Na, Ca, and P were higher under the dripper than 45 cm outward
from the dripper at both depths regardless of salinity level.
Soil N and Cl tended to be higher outward from the drippers
than near the drippers, except in undisturbed soil at the 0-15
cm depth. Increasing salinity levels in the mixed soil profile
not only increased soil EC, Na, Cl, and Ca, but also increased
the concentration of P and decreased the concentration of Mg.
Root density of both rootstocks were increased by high
salinity. Root densities and organic matter percentages were
higher in soil sampled under drippers than that sampled
outward from drippers. Leaf nutritional values and responses
to salinity were dependent on rootstock as trees on sour
orange had higher K and Ca, but lower Mg and Cl than trees on
Carrizo. Although there were no nutrient deficiencies, K of
trees on Carrizo citrange and Mg of trees on sour orange were
reduced by high salinity. An increase in leaf Ca
concentrations when irrigated with salinized irrigation water
likely minimized the effects of salt stress.
68 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Leaf boron contents and bitter pit in apple.
Granelli, G.; Ughini, V.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 May. Acta horticulturae (274): p. 169-174; 1990 May.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Diagnosis
of Nutritional Status of Deciduous Fruit Orchards," August
25-28, 1989, Warsaw, Poland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Italy; Malus pumila; Soil analysis; Boron; Bitter
pit; Deficiency diseases
Abstract: Trials were carried out for 3 years in different
pedo-climatic environments of the Northern Italy by applying a
nitrogenous fertilizer containing boron (20.0.0 + 7B203) on
boron deficient soils. From this investigation, it was
possible to get out the influence of boron on bitter pit
incidence both at harvest and post storage of apples. In
particular, the investigations that concerned 11 apple
cultivars (Cooper 7SB2, Eden Spur, Golden Del., Granny Smith,
Hy Early, Nero Red Rome, Red Chief, Red Spur, Sali Spur,
Walter Wood and Wayne Spur) pointed out a bitter pit decrease
when boron was applied, but no clear and significant
relationships were observed between leaf and fruit boron
contents and bitter pit incidence.
69 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
Lime responses by barley as related to available soil
aluminium and manganese. Conyers, M.K.; Poile, G.J.; Cullis,
B.R.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization; 1991.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 42 (3): p.
379-390; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; Hordeum vulgare; Aluminum; Lime;
Application rates; Manganese; Phytotoxicity; Pot
experimentation; Soil acidity; Soil fertility; Soil ph;
Calcium chloride; Exchangeable cations; Yield response
functions; Crop yield; Dry matter
70 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Long-term effects of copper rich swine manure application o
continuous corn production.
Anderson, M.A.; McKenna, J.R.; Martens, D.C.; Donohue, S.J.;
Kornegay, E.T.; Lindemann, M.D.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22
(9/10): p. 993-1002; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Virginia; Zea mays; Pig manure; Copper; Copper
sulfate; Application to land; Crop yield; Long term
experiments; Soil analysis; Soil fertility; Soil ph; Clay loam
soils; Sandy loam soils; Silt loam soils; Waste disposal
71 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Maize root distribution between phosphorus-fertilized and
unfertilized soil. Zhang, J.; Barber, S.A.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 May.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (3): p. 819-822;
1992 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Roots; Growth; Spatial distribution;
Phosphorus fertilizers; Application rates; Placement; Nutrient
uptake; Nutrient availability
Abstract: Placement of P in a fraction of the soil volume
stimulates root growth in the P-fertilized soil. Previous
research on the degree of root proliferation as related to the
proportion of soil fertilized with P was conducted with soils
containing similar low levels of initial resin-exchangeable P,
Csi, and hence did not evaluate the influence of Csi on the
degree of root proliferation in a P-fertilized fraction of the
soil. These measurements were made as part of research to
determine the fractional volume of soil to fertilize with P to
maximize P uptake. The objective of this research was to
investigate the influence of initial soil Csi value and rate
of P added on root distribution between P-fertilized and
unfertilized soil when the P-fertilized volume is constant.
Pot experiments were conducted in a controlled-climate
facility where maize (Zea mays L.) was grown on three soils
varying in Csi levels and with three rates of applied P, from
50 to 300 mg kg-1, added to 0.20 of the volume of each soil.
Root density, cm cm-3, in the P-fertilized soil volume, RDF,
and a comparable 0.20 volume of unfertilized soil, RDU, was
measured and compared with Csi in the P-fertilized soil, CsiF,
and in the unfertilized soil, CsiU. There was a curvilinear
relation between CsiF/CsiU and RDF/RDU that was described by
the equation y = 1.20 + 2.74 log X (r2 = 0.97), where y is
RDF/RDU and X is CsiF/CsiU. Hence, as soil Csi level
increased, RDF/RDU decreased, and as rate of P applied
increased, RDF/RDU increased. The relation between CsiF/CsiU
and RDF/RDU can be used to predict root growth rates to use in
the fertilized and unfertilized soil when using a mechanistic
nutrient-uptake model to calculate the effect of P placement
on P uptake.
72 NAL Call. No.: S596.7.D4
The management of soil acidity for sustainable crop
production. Edwards, D.G.; Sharifuddin, H.A.H.; Yusoff,
M.N.M.; Grundon, N.J.; Shamshuddin, J.; Norhayati, M.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991.
Developments in plant and soil sciences v. 45: p. 383-396;
1991. In the series analytic: Plant-Soil Interactions at Low
pH / edited by R.J. Wright, V.C. Baligar and R.P. Murrmann.
Proceedings of the Second International Symposium, June 24-29,
1990, Beckley, West Virginia. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Malaysia; Acid soils; Soil management; Ultisols;
Oxisols; Tropical soils; Plant nutrition; Lime; Aluminum;
Magnesium; Calcium; Cropping systems; Economic analysis;
Hevea; Zea mays; Arachis hypogaea
Abstract: The Australian Centre for International
Agricultural Research (ACIAR) has funded a 4-year project to
develop sustainable food crop production systems on acid, low
fertility soils. Field trials were commenced in mid-1986 at
four sites in Malaysia to evaluate crop responses to
amelioration of acidity in three Ultisols and one Oxisol, and
to relate these responses to both solid and solution phase
soil chemistry. Ground magnesium limestone (GML) (21% Ca, 12%
Mg) was applied at rates up to 8 t per ha-1. The UPM trials
involved rotation cropping of groundnut and sweet corn, with
two crops per year. The RRIM trials involved these two crops
and grain corn, intercropped with young rubber trees for 2 to
3 years before canopy closure. Liming gave strong responses in
crop yield. Initial applications of 4 and 8 t per ha-1 were
effective after 3 years in the UPM trials. Yield responses of
all crops occurred up to the maximal rate of 2 t per ha-1 in
the RRIM trials. Rubber tree growth benefitted from the
intercropping and earlier commercial tapping has occurred.
Application of GML to groundnut and sweet corn was
economically viable, while earlier rubber tapping has further
economic benefits.
73 NAL Call. No.: 81 SO12
Mineral concentration of yellow squash responds to irrigation
method and fertilization management.
Clough, G.H.; Locascio, S.J.; Olson, S.M.
Alexandria, Va. : The Society; 1992 Sep.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science v.
117 (5): p. 725-729; 1992 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Cucurbita pepo; Irrigation systems;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers; Mulching; Plant
nutrition; Polyethylene film; Rotations; Site factors;
Squashes; Mineral content; Plant analysis
Abstract: Squash (Cucurbita pepo L. var. melopepo) was grown
at two locations with different soil types as a second crop in
a succession cropping study that used previously cropped
polyethylene-mulched beds. Squash was produced with drip or
overhead irrigation and with concurrent N-K fertilization or
residual fertilizer from the previous crop. Tissue mineral
concentration responses to irrigation method were variable; in
early fruit, N and K concentrations were higher with overhead
than for drip, but leaf Ca and Mg concentrations were higher
with drip than with overhead irrigation. Concentrations of N
and K were higher with concurrent than with residual
fertilization and increased with an increase in application
rate. In contrast, concentrations of P, Ca, and Mg decreased
with concurrent fertilization and an increase in application
rate.
74 NAL Call. No.: 80 J825
Mineral nutrient reserves in bearing litchi trees (Litchi
chinensis Sonn.). Menzel, C.M.; Haydon, G.F.; Simpson, D.R.
Ashford : Headley Brothers Ltd; 1992 Mar.
The Journal of horticultural science v. 67 (2): p. 149-160;
1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Litchi chinensis; Fruit trees; Developmental
stages; Panicles; Emergence; Plant analysis; Nutrient content;
Plant organs; Dry matter accumulation; Fruits; Nutrient
reserves; Fertilizers; Application date
75 NAL Call. No.: S631.F422
A model to predict crop response to applied fertilizer
nutrients in heterogeneous fields.
Cassman, K.G.; Plant, R.E.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Feb.
Fertilizer research : an international journal on fertilizer
use and technology v. 31 (2): p. 151-163; 1992 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Oryza sativa; Gossypium
hirsutum; Soil variability; Spatial variation; Nutritional
state; Soil fertility; Fertilizer requirement determination;
Nutrient availability; Use efficiency; Potassium fertilizers;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates; Placement;
Comparisons; Probabilistic models; Crop yield; Yield response
functions; Nitrogen; Nutrient uptake
Abstract: In this paper we develop a model to quantify
spatial variability in indigenous soil nutrient supply and
assess the impact of this heterogeneity on fertilizer use
efficiency with uniform or site-specific nutrient application.
Utilizing field data for wheat and rice response to applied N
and cotton response to applied K, the model predicts that the
magnitude of the difference in the nutrient input requirement
of a heterogeneous field for site-specific versus uniform
nutrient application depends on (1) a curvilinear crop
response to nutrient supply and the mathematical form of the
response function, (2) the degree and spatial distribution of
the nonuniformity in native soil-nutrient supply as quantified
by its variance and skewness, (3) the targeted yield level,
and (4) the effectiveness of fertilizer-nutrient addition,
quantified by the slope of the relationship between the net
increase in actual nutrient supply available to the crop and
the quantity of applied nutrient.
76 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
Morphological, temporal, and nodal accumulation of nutrients
by determinate soybean.
Sadler, E.J.; Karlen, D.L.; Sojka, R.E.; Scott, H.D.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 14 (8): p. 775-807; 1991.
Includes statistical data. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Nutrient uptake; Nutrient content;
Mineral content; Nitrogen content; Stems; Leaves; Petioles;
Pods; Internodes; Dry matter accumulation; Temporal variation;
Crop growth stage
Abstract: Crop growth models that account for nutrient
accumulation offer insight into soil fertility and plant
nutrition interactions. This understanding provides
opportunities to develop improved management practices. During
the 1980s, several process-level growth models were developed
for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Model validation and
application to different locations and weather require
detailed, independent data sets. An extensive data set
describing the nutrient status of a determinate soybean
('Bragg') was collected in 1979 on a Goldsboro (Aquic
Paleudult) loamy sand near Florence, SC, USA. Because of its
importance to subsequent model development, we concluded that
providing this entire data set in a readily accessible form
was a logical step in the course of this experiment. We report
here, in tabular form, mean and standard deviation data for
aerial accumulation of dry matter and eight nutrients (N, P,
K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn) for 10 dates, for four plant
components (stems, leaves, petioles, pods, and total), and for
each node (and whole plant). We will provide, upon
arrangement, these same data on diskette for use in simulation
models or other applications.
77 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Mycorrhizal effects on interspecific plant competition and
nitrogen transfer in legume-grass mixtures.
Hamel, C.; Furlan, V.; Smith, D.L.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1992 Jul.
Crop science v. 32 (4): p. 991-996; 1992 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Canada; Medicago sativa; Bromus inermis; Phleum
pratense; Crop mixtures; Components; Interactions; Soil
inoculation; Glomus intraradices; Phosphorus fertilizers;
Plant composition; Nitrogen content; Transfer; Phosphorus;
Concentration; Crop yield; Nutrient balance
Abstract: Mycorrhizal fungi may play a role in the
interactions between components of legume-grass mixed swards
by their enhancing effect on plant P uptake and on legume N2-
fixation rate. The effects of mycorrhizal fungi on
interspecific plant interactions and N transfer from legume to
grass were studied in two legume-grass forage mixtures grown
under three P fertilization regimes. In two experiments, one
involving an alfalfa-bromegrass (Medicago sativa L.-Bromus
inermis Leyss.) mixture and the other, an alfalfa-timothy
(Phleum pratense L.) mixture, plants were inoculated or not
with Glomus intraradix and fertilized with 0, 14.2 or 28 kg P
ha-1. Phosphorus fertilization sometimes increased plant
tissue P concentration, especially in timothy, but it never
affected grass/legume biomass ratios. The effects of the
mycorrhizal fungus were seasonal and were most evident in the
August harvests, when mycorrhizal inoculation increased the
yield of alfalfa at the expense of bromegrass or timothy,
reducing the grass/legume dry mass ratio in both mixtures.
Transfer of 15N from legume to grass was demonstrated, but
this transfer was not enhanced by mycorrhizal colonization of
plants. Mycorrhizal colonization increased P accumulation in
the alfalfa components of the mixtures (33% with bromegrass
and 17% with timothy); however, P concentrations in the legume
biomass were above the P sufficiency level in nonmycorrhizal
plants and were not increased by mycorrhizal colonization.
Therefore, the seasonal increase in alfalfa yield at the
expense of the grass was apparently not caused by enhancement
of P uptake by mycorrhizal colonization. Diagnosis and
Recommendation integrated System (DRIS) indices calculated
from a complete nutrient analysis of the tissue revealed that
the beneficial effect of mycorrhiza on alfalfa production was
associated with a better nutrient balance (mainly Ca and Mg)
of the plants.
78 NAL Call. No.: QH548.S9
Mycorrhiza-mediated nutrient distribution between associated
soybean and corn plants evaluated by the diagnosis and
recommendation integrated system (DRIS). Brown, M.S.; Ferrera-
Cerrato, R.; Bethlenfalvay, G.J.
Rehovot, Israel : Balaban Publishers; 1992.
Symbiosis v. 12 (1): p. 83-94; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Glycine max; Glomus mosseae;
Bradyrhizobium japonicum; Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas;
Nutrient uptake; Nutrient transport; Nitrogen fixation;
Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium; Photosynthates; Nitrogen
content; Mineral content; Roots; Hyphae; Root nodules;
Nutrient content
79 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
N, P, and K rates and leaf tissue standards for optimum
Anthurium andraeanum flower production.
Higaki, T.; Imamura, J.S.; Paull, R.E.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1992 Aug. HortScience v. 27 (8): p. 909-912; 1992 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hawaii; Anthurium; Crop production; Npk
fertilizers; Application rates; Flowering; Plant nutrition;
Fertilizer requirement determination
Abstract: The optimum fertilizer levels of N, P, and K for
flower production of field-grown Anthurium andraeanum Andre in
Hawaii were determined. Applications were at 0, 224, and 448
kg.ha-1.year-1 with all combinations of each nutrient level.
Optimum flower production was achieved at 312N-448P-375K
kg.ha-1.year-1. Increased N and K application resulted in a
linear increase in flower size. Flower stem length also
increased with increasing N, P, and K rates. Maximum flower
yield occurred when leaf-tissue levels were 1.87% N, 0.17% P,
and 2.07% K. Flower stem length and flower size were at their
maximum with leaf N at 1.59% and 1.67% and K at 2.20% and
1.86%, respectively. No relationship was observed between leaf
percent P, flower size, or stem length. A range of leaf-tissue
levels associated with optimum anthurium flower production was
determined for Ca, Mg, B, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mo.
80 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Nitrogen concentration of young corn plants as an indicator of
nitrogen availability.
Binford, G.D.; Blackmer, A.M.; Cerrato, M.E.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 84 (2): p. 219-223; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Seedlings; Nitrogen content;
Plant composition; Plant analysis; Prediction; Nutrient
availability; Nitrogen; Soil fertility; Nutrient uptake;
Nitrogen fertilizers
Abstract: Soil tests for evaluating the N status of
cornfields in late spring show promise as a tool for improving
N management during corn production. An alternative tool for
evaluating N status is tissue testing, which offers the
potential advantages of easier sampling and better integration
of factors that influence N availability. Here we evaluate
total N concentrations of whole corn (Zea mays L.) plants in
late spring as an indicator of N availability in cornfields.
Studies were conducted at 14 site-years in Iowa during 1986,
1987, 1988, and 1989. Whole plant samples were taken when corn
was 15 to 30 cm tall. Total N concentrations in these plants
were determined. Relationships between concentrations of N in
young plants and fertilizer N applied were not consistent
across the 14 site-years. The concentrations of N in young
plants were poor predictors of soil NO3 concentrations in
situations where good relationships between soil NO3
concentrations and grain yields occurred. The tissue test
could not detect excessive amounts of NO3 in soils.
Concentrations of N in young plants were greatly influenced by
factors having relatively little effect on final yields.
Overall, the results show that a tissue test based on the
concentrations of N in young plants would not be a reliable
indicator or the N availability in cornfields.
81 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Nitrogen fertilizer and dairy manure effects of corn yield and
soil nitrate. Jokela, W.E.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Jan.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (1): p. 148-154;
1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vermont; Zea mays; Sandy loam soils; Cattle
manure; Dairy cattle; Ammonium nitrate; Nitrogen; Nutrient
sources; Application rates; Application date; Crop growth
stage; Crop yield; Dry matter accumulation; Grain; Maize
silage; Nutrient uptake; Nutrient availability; Soil analysis;
Nitrate; Nutrient content; Losses from soil systems; Nitrate
nitrogen; Soil solution; Soil depth; Seasonal variation;
Precipitation
Abstract: Manure from livestock is an important source of N
for crop production in many areas, but efficient management of
manure is critical to improve the economics of manure use and
to minimize the impact on water quality. A field study was
conducted on an Enosburg fine sandy loam (sandy over loamy,
mixed, nonacid, mesic Mollic Haplaquent) in northwestern
Vermont to evaluate the effect of dairy-manure and N-
fertilizer application on corn (Zea mays L.) yields and soil
profile NO3 in a silage production system. Treatments
consisted or a factorial arrangement of manure (0 and 9 Mg
ha-1, dry-matter basis), N rate (56 and 112 kg ha-1 as
NH4NO3), and time of N application (planting or six-leaf
stage), as well as 0 and 168 kg N ha-1 rate at planting (with
and without manure). Yields and N uptake were increased by N
fertilizer and by manure. Without manure, grain and silage
yields were increased by fertilizer N to the 112 kg ha-1 rate
in all years; with manure, N fertilizer did not increase
yields significantly. Time of application had little or no
effect on yield. Plant uptake of N followed a similar pattern
but with somewhat wore pronounced effects. A presidedress soil
reflected N availability, as indicated relative yields. Manure
application rates were equivalent, in terms of yield response,
to 73 to 122 kg fertilizer N ha-1 in individual years, which
represented 27 to 44% of the total manure N in the year of
application. Sampling of the 1.5-m soil profile before
planting and after harvest showed increases in soil NO3 that
were related to the amounts of manure and fertilizer N
applied. Some decreases in NO3 were measured from fall to
spring sampling times, but net losses were minimal where <60
kg ha-1 NO3-N was present in the fall. Application of manure
resulted in similar or slightly lower soil profile NO3 than
agronomincally equivalent rates of fertilizer N.
82 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, and boron fertilization of
canola. Bullock, D.G.; Sawyer, J.E.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 550-555; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Brassica napus; Brassica campestris;
Silt loam soils; Fertilizer requirement determination;
Nitrogen; Boron; Potassium; Sulfur; Nutrient requirements;
Plant analysis; Plant tissues; Nutrient content; Crop yield;
Grain; Application rates; Vegetation; Dry matter; Weight;
Moisture content; Maturation; Temporal variation; Economic
analysis; Optimization
83 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Nitrogen rate and placement for grain sorghum production in
no-tillage systems.
Lamond, R.E.; Whitney, D.A.; Hickman, J.S.; Bonczkowski, L.C.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 531-535; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Sorghum bicolor; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Nitrogen; Crop management; No-tillage; Crop
residues; Urea ammonium nitrate; Ammonium thiosulfate;
Application rates; Broadcasting; Band placement; Soil
injection; Crop yield; Grain; Leaves; Plant analysis; Nutrient
content; Use efficiency; Soil conservation; Conservation
tillage
84 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
Nitrogenase divarication with histological attributes
distinctive for glycosylated aerial stem nodules and
nitrosylated root nodules of Sesbania. Lynd, J.Q.; Ansman,
T.R.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 15 (3): p. 275-292; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sesbania; Rhizobium; Rhizobiaceae; Root nodules;
Stem nodules; Nitrogenase; Enzyme activity; Nitrogen fixation;
Nodulation; Nutrient availability; Phosphorus; Potassium;
Calcium; Plant histology; Acetylene reduction; Dry matter
accumulation; Chemical composition
Abstract: Exceptional symbiotic nitrogen fixation with
Sesbania has provided high soil fertility for many past
centuries of paddy rice production. Unique stem nodulation
results in high nitrogenase activity levels of S. rostrata,
Brem. during rapid growth in continuously flooded rice fields
that greatly disfavor legume root nodulation and this
functional development. The objective of this study was to
determine plant nutrient interactions that influence
contrasting root and aerial stem nodule histology governing
effective nitrogenase activity levels and nitrogen fixation.
Top growth, nodulation, and nitrogenase activity levels were
significantly increased with increased available soil P.
Response to K levels and Ca additions resulted only when soil
P was adequate in all treatment combinations. However, there
was no significant correlation between fresh nodule weight,
nitrogenase activity, and nodules per plant for both root
nodules and aerial stem nodules. Nodule histology was highly
contrastive with nodule type and Rhizobium morphology, cytosol
composition, and governing enzyme activity levels. Distinctive
nonpleomorphic cocci bacteroids of functional aerial stem
nodules have tentative designation as Azorhizobium caulinodans
gen. nov. sp. nov.
85 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 ID13IDC
Northern Idaho fertilizer guide: northern Idaho lawns.
Parker-Clark, V.J.; Mahler, R.L.
Moscow, Idaho : The Service; 1992 Jan.
Current information series - Cooperative Extension Service,
University of Idaho (911): 4 p.; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Lawns and turf; Fertilizers; Nitrogen;
Phosphorus; Potassium; Sulfur; Soil testing; Application rates
86 NAL Call. No.: SD118.N6 1988
Nutritional diagnoses in loblolly pine stands using a DRIS
approach. Hockman, J.N.; Allen, H.L.
Vancouver : Forestry Publications, Faculty of Forestry,
University of British Columbia; 1990.
Sustained productivity of forest soils / edited by S.P. Gessel
... [et. al.].. p. 500-514; 1990. Proceedings of the 7th
North American Forest Soils Conference, July 24-28, 1988,
Vancouver, British Columbia. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pinus taeda; Nutrient availability; Foliar
diagnosis
87 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Nutritional requirement of sweet cherries.
Ystaas, J.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 May. Acta horticulturae (274): p. 521-526; 1990 May.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Diagnosis
of Nutritional Status of Deciduous Fruit Orchards," August
25-28, 1989, Warsaw, Poland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Norway; Prunus avium; Fertilizers; Application
rates; Loam soils; Sandy soils; Leaves; Nutrient content;
Yield response functions; Long term experiments
Abstract: In a long term experiment with 'Van' sweet cherries
covering 15 years the application of 3 rats of K and Ca at 2
levels of N on a loamy sand high in organic matter (7&) was
studied. Annual application of 116 kg N ha-1 significantly
increased tree size and yield. No significant effect of K
application was found as the release of nonexchangeable K in
the soil was sufficient to meet the K demand of the trees
receiving no K fertilizer. The application of 5000 kg ground
limestone ha-1 significantly reduced fruit size. It is
concluded that in order to keep the leaf major nutrients
within the optimal range sweet cheeries have a requirement of
110 kg N and 80 kg K ha-1 to produce a satisfactory crop.
Application of 2500 kg limestone ha-1 every 5th year will be a
safeguard against soil acidification and provide adequate
supply of exchangeable Ca within a favourable pH regime of
5.5-6.5.
88 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Oak influence on nutrient availability in pine forests of
central Arizona. Klemmedson, J.O.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Jan.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (1): p. 248-253;
1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Quercus gambelii; Pinus ponderosa;
Hordeum vulgare; Nutrient availability; Soil fertility; Crop
yield; Bioassays; Forest soils; Plant interaction; Nitrogen;
Potassium; Phosphorus; Sulfur; Regression analysis
Abstract: Existing evidence suggests that Gambel oak (Quercus
gambelii Nutt.) improves soil fertility of the ponderosa pine
(Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) forest of central Arizona.
Greenhouse bioassays were conducted to determine if Gambel oak
also influences nutrient availability in the 0- to 15-cm
mineral soil layer. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cu. Gustoe) and
pine seedlings were grown to estimate availability of N, P, K,
and S in soils from 15 pine