TITLE: Soil Testing and Plant Analysis for Fertilizer Recommendations
PUBLICATION DATE: July 1993
ENTRY DATE: April 1995
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Soil Testing and Plant Analysis for
Fertilizer Recommendation
January 1991 - June 1993
QB 93-54
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Soil Testing and Plant Analysis for
Fertilizer Recommendation
January 1991 - June 1993
Quick Bibliography Series: QB 93-54
Updates QB 91-103
153 citations from AGRICOLA
Karl Schneider
Reference and User Services Branch
July 1993
National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
Schneider, Karl
Soil testing and plant analysis for fertilizer
recommendation.
(Quick bibliography series ; 93-54)
1. Soil fertility--Bibliography. 2. Fertilizers--
Bibliography. 3. Soils--Testing--Bibliography. 4. Plants--
Nutrition--Analysis--Bibliography. I. Title
aZ5071.N3 no.93-54 AGRICOLA
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Citation # NAL Call No.
Article title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher. Journal Title.
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Morrison, S.B. Denver, Colo.: American School Food Service
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Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
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All aboard the nutri-train.
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activity packet. Soil Testing and Plant Analysis for Fertilizer Recommendations
Search Strategy
1. SS (SOIL? ?(S)(TEST? OR ANAL? OR NUTRIENT?(2N)LEVEL?) OR
(PLANT? ? OR FOLIA?)()ANAL?)/TI,DE,ID,SH
2. SS S8 AND (NUTRIENT?(S)LEVEL? ? OR TISSUE? ? (2N)S3)
3. SS (FERTILI?ER? OR FERTILITY)(S)(ADD? OR NEED? OR NECESS?
OR RECOM? OR APPL?)
4. S DRIS
5. SS (S18 OR S12) AND S26 OR S27
6. S S28 AND UD=9101:9999
Soil Testing and Plant Analysis for Fertilizer Recommendations
1 NAL Call. No.: S631.F422
Assessment of plant-available phosphate in limed, acid soils
using several soil-testing procedures.
Naidu, R.; Syers, J.K.; Tillman, R.W.; Kirkman, J.H.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991 Oct.
Fertilizer research : an international journal on fertilizer
use and technology v. 30 (1): p. 47-53; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Leucaena leucocephala; Lolium perenne; Acid
soils; Phosphorus; Nutrient availability; Nutrient uptake;
Extraction; Correlation; Soil testing; Soil test values;
Liming; Phosphorus fertilizers; Application rates; Soil ph;
Buffering capacity; Adsorption; Dry matter accumulation;
Nutrient content
Abstract: A range of soil-testing procedures was used in a
factorial glasshouse study to assess the plant-available
phosphate (P) status of soils which had been treated with lime
and added P. A close 1:1 relationship (r = 0.90 ) was obtained
between plant P uptake and resin-extractable soil P. In
contrast, Olsen-, Colwell-, Bray (I) and (II)-, and Mehlich-
extractable P were only weakly correlated with P uptake.
Inclusion of 4 different indices of P-buffer capacity did not
improve the relationship between plant P uptake, and
extractable P. The difficulty in relating plant P uptake data
to extractable-soil P levels is attributed to the problems
associated with extracting P from limed soils. There was no
useful relationship between plant P uptake and isotopically-
exchangeable P in the soils.
2 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
Assessment of the nitrogen status of onions (Allium cepa L.)
cv. Cream Gold by plant analysis.
Maier, N.A.; Dahlenburg, A.P.; Twigden, T.K.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization; 1990.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 30 (6): p.
853-859; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South australia; Allium cepa; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Application rates; Nitrogen content; Phosphorus;
Potassium; Plant analysis; Sandy soils; Silica; Yield response
functions
3 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Availability of rock phosphate as indicated by phosphorus
assimilation of plants.
Ames, J.W.; Kitsuta, K.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1932 Feb.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 24 (2): p.
103-122; 1932 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Triticum aestivum; Fagopyrum esculentum;
Nutrient availability; Assimilation; Crop production; Plant
analysis; Rock phosphate; Superphosphate; Phosphorus; Lime;
Manures
Abstract: Phosphorus residual from field applications of
phosphates was consistently reflected by increased amounts in
plants grown in soils from variously treated fertility
experiment plats. Although the phosphorus content of plants
corresponded closely with the phosphate additions, the
indications obtained through the plants were not always in
accord with the crop response to soil treatment. Wheat plants
readily assimilated phosphorus from di-calcium and soluble
phosphates but had less capacity than buckwheat to utilize
phosphorus of rock phosphate. With limestone and phosphate
additions to soil at the same time, phosphorus utilized by
plants indicated a decreased availability due to increased
basicity. This effect was more pronounced with rock phosphate
than superphosphate. Phosphorus assimilation from rock
phosphate addition to previously limed field soil was not
affected to the same extent as when phosphate and limestone
treatments were directly associated. This indicates that
remoteness of liming from rock phosphate treatment may have an
important bearing on reduction of availability. Addition of
limestone to an acid soil increased assimilation of phosphorus
from the natural supply. An interesting fact shown by the
composition of buckwheat grown under different conditions of
soil treatment was the large amount of calcium obtained from
calcium carbonate with practically no increased assimilation
from rock phosphate or di-calcium phosphate, although
phosphorus was readily obtained from these sources. Magnesium
was also readily secured from magnesium carbonate but not from
di-magnesium phosphate. The phosphorus and calcium relation in
plants did not furnish evidence that utilization of calcium
and phosphorus from the same source was a factor influencing
availability of rock phosphate. Increased amounts of
phosphorus secured by plants from more finely ground rock
phosphate indicate that fineness is an important factor
affecting availability of this material. Buckwheat pla
4 NAL Call. No.: S51.E2
Bermudagrass turf response to fertility and cultural
practices. Carrow, R.N.; Johnson, B.J.
Athens, Ga. : The Stations; 1992 Feb.
Research bulletin - University of Georgia, Agricultural
Experiment Stations (407): 28 p.; 1992 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Cynodon dactylon; Cynodon; Soil
analysis; Thatch; Mowing; Soil ph; Rotary mowers; Flail
mowers; Mowers; Application rates; Density; Shoots; Color;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers; Npk fertilizers;
Aeration; Top dressings; Organic fertilizers
5 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Biomass and soil nitrogen relationships of a one-year-old
sycamore plantation. Tschaplinski, T.J.; Johnson, D.W.; Norby,
R.J.; Todd, D.E. Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 May.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (3): p. 841-847;
1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tennessee; Platanus occidentalis; Biomass
production; Exchangeable cations; Leaching; Nitrates;
Nitrification; Nitrogen fertilizers; Nutrient uptake; Water
pollution; Groundwater
Abstract: Maximum efficiency in biomass production in short-
rotation woody crops requires a level of N fertilization that
achieves a balance between maximum growth and minimum NO3(-)
leaching into groundwater. The effects of urea-N fertilizer
applied under various timing regimes were investigated in a
plantation of American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.),
and different aspects of optimum fertilization were explored.
A plantation of sycamore was established at Oak Ridge, TN,
typically a N-poor area. Nitrogen treatments consisted of
differing schedules of urea application, including trees
fertilized at the beginning of the growing season with 0, 50,
150, and 450 kg N/ha, and trees fertilized periodically (three
times during the growing season) at 37.5 kg N/ha.
Fertilization effects on stem and leaf biomass, leaf nutrient
concentration, soil N characteristics, including available N,
mineralizable N, nitrification potential and NO3(-) leaching
loss were determined. The greatest aboveground biomass
accumulation (three times greater than that of unfertilized
controls) was obtained with 450 kg N/ha, but with greater
NO3(-) leaching. Nearly as much biomass was obtained with
almost no NO3(-) leaching when much less N was added either
early in the season (150 kg N/ha) or in periodic applications
(37.5 kg N/ha three times). The rapid decline to control
levels of soil available N in all treatments, and the results
of the aerobic incubations, indicate high nitrification
potential at the site. The results suggest that periodic, low
N fertilization may be optimal on sites with a high
nitrification potential, and that the lower rates tested
minimize NO3(-) contamination of groundwater.
6 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Calibration of corn response to Bray I, Bray II, and Mehlich
II extractable soil phosphorus.
Locke, M.A.; Hanson, R.G.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22
(11/12): p. 1101-1121; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Phosphorus; Soil test values;
Extraction; Nutrient availability; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Application rates; Triple superphosphate; Crop
yield; Nutrient requirements; Mineral content; Leaves;
Equations
7 NAL Call. No.: S631.F422
Changes in the nutrient status of soil caused by cropping and
fertilization in a Typic Ustochrept.
Verma, D.P.; Singh, K.D.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991 Sep.
Fertilizer research : an international journal on fertilizer
use and technology v. 29 (3): p. 267-274; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Zea mays; Triticum aestivum; Brassica
juncea; Sequential cropping; Alluvial soils; Sandy loam soils;
Soil fertility; Fertilizer requirement determination; Nutrient
availability; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium; Manganese;
Iron; Zinc; Copper; Urea; Potassium chloride; Superphosphate;
Trace element fertilizers; Residual effects; Crop production;
Grain; Crop yield; Sustainability; Mathematical models; Soil
test values
Abstract: Field experiments were conducted during 1984-1986
on an alluvial (Typic Ustochrept) soil (pH 8.0, organic carbon
0.46%,) at IARI farm, New Delhi to study the changes in
available soil nutrients (N, P, K, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu) at
different production levels. Fertilizer was applied to wheat
followed by maize, based on the 'Targetted yield concept', and
mustard was grown after the sequence to estimate the residual
effect of nutrients. Nutrient applications for the largest
yield targets (6 t ha-1 of wheat followed by 4 or 5 t ha-1 of
maize) resulted in a comparatively greater buildup of soil
nutrients (N, P and K), the greatest yield of a succeeding
mustard crop, and a better soil nutrient status than that at
the start of the experiment, even after the mustard. When both
crops were fertilized for the largest target yield with
straight fertilizers (Urea, SSP and KCl), the additions of N,
P and K and of micronutrient cations (Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu)
maintained a favorable balance for major and trace nutrients
and provided a sound basis for profitable crop production.
8 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Comparative DRIS and critical concentration interpretation of
papaya tissue analysis data.
Bowen, J.E.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Jan.
Tropical agriculture v. 69 (1): p. 63-67; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hawaii; Carica papaya; Foliar diagnosis;
Methodology; Mineral nutrition; Nutrient deficiencies; Plant
nutrition
9 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
The content of inorganic nitrogen in soils of orchards in
different plantation areas.
Nafe, D.; Lerche, K.; Schonberg, G.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 May. Acta horticulturae (274): p. 339-345; 1990 May.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Diagnosis
of Nutritional Status of Deciduous Fruit Orchards," August
25-28, 1989, Warsaw, Poland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: German democratic republic; Fruit trees;
Orchards; Nitrogen fertilizers; Soil analysis; Nitrogen
content
Abstract: A version of the Nmin-method so far used in
agriculture has been applied to deciduous fruit tree orchards.
The usefulness of this method is discussed on the basis of
measured contents of inorganic nitrogen in soils of different
plantation areas. The investigated factors (year; nitrogen
application differing in amount and date; soil management
carried out as overall herbicide usage or herbicide strips
with grassed alleys; sampling site) have proved less important
for light soils and comparatively more important for medium
and heavy soils. The obtained results reveal that the
background of usual nitrogen fertilizer recommendations should
be revised. Referring to this an advanced approach for
valuating the content of inorganic nitrogen of orchards is
proposed.
10 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Continued modification of the M-DRIS for soybean.
Hallmark, W.B.; Beverly, R.B.; Morris, H.F.; Shuman, L.M.;
Wilson, D.O.; Boswell, F.C.; Adams, J.F.; Wall, D.A.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1990.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 21
(13/16): p. 1313-1328; 1990. Paper presented at the
"International Symposium on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis,"
August 14-18, 1989, Fresno, California. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Integrated systems; Phosphorus;
Potassium; Calcium; Manganese; Zinc; Nutrient deficiencies
11 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Corn response to two fertilization rates under SW Spain
conditions. Murillo, J.M.; Moreno, F.; Cabrera, F.; Castro, C.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23
(15/16): p. 1767-1779; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Spain; Zea mays; Npk fertilizers; Urea;
Application rates; Responses; Plant height; Leaf area; Leaves;
Maize ears; Kernels; Weight; Crop yield; Plant analysis;
Nutrient content; Nutrient uptake; Soil fertility
12 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Corn root distribution as affected by tillage, wheel traffic,
and fertilizer placement.
Kaspar, T.C.; Brown, H.J.; Kassmeyer, E.M.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Sep.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (5): p.
1390-1394; 1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Clay loam soils;
Growth analysis; Roots; Spatial distribution; No-tillage;
Chiselling; Discing; Ridging; Tillage; Soil compaction; Wheel
tracks; Use efficiency; Urea ammonium nitrate; Phosphoric
acid; Potassium chloride; Band placement; Soil injection;
Climatic factors; Soil strength; Bulk density; Soil water
content; Aeration; Growth; Length; Weight; Rhizosphere;
Temporal variation; Soil depth; Nutrient availability
Abstract: Information concerning early-season corn (Zea mays
L.) root distribution is needed so that fertilizer can be
positioned to maximize root interception. The objective of
this study was to examine corn root distribution as affected
by tillage system wheel traffic, and fertilizer placement. The
study site was near Marshalltown, IA, on two silty clay loams,
a Muscatine (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapladoll) and a
Tama (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Arguidoll). Three tillage
systems (no-till, ridge-till and chisel plow) with controlled
traffic and two fertilizer-placement treatments (in-row and
midpoint of the 76-cm interrow) were investigated. Root
length, root weight, and root weight/length ratio were
determined between 36 and 40 d after planting from 10-cm-diam.
soil core samples taken in rows and in interrow centers to a
depth of 30 cm. Wheel-traffic compaction and fertilizer
placement altered corn root distribution, regardless of
tillage system. The upper 15 cm of interrows with wheel-
traffic compaction had less than one-half the root length
(1.27 km m-3) and root weight (19 g m-3) of untracked
interrows (3.88 km m-3 and 49 g m-3, respectively). Root
length and weight increased and root weight/length ratio
decreased in either interrow or row positions when fertilizer
was placed there. Placing fertilizer in an untracked interrow
increased root length from 2.57 to 5.20 km m-3. Tillage system
affected only root growth in untracked interrows. Because root
growth in wheel tracks is restricted, fertilizer-use
efficiency might be improved by not placing fertilizer in
wheel tracks.
13 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Correlation of potassium extracted by different methods with
vegetative growth of teff.
Huluka, G.; Evans, C.E.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23
(13/14): p. 1427-1437; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Eragrostis tef; Soil analysis; Potassium;
Nutrient availability; Measurement; Extraction; Correlation;
Growth; Crop yield; Nutrient uptake; Soil types (genetic);
Potassium fertilizers; Application rates
14 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Correlation of solution and extractable phosphorus with
vegetative growth of teff.
Huluka, G.; Evans, C.E.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22
(13/14): p. 1489-1502; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Eragrostis tef; Loam soils; Clay soils; Sandy
soils; Soil types (mineralogical); Fertilizer requirement
determination; Phosphorus; Sorption; Ssorption isotherms;
Desorption; Solubility; Soil solution; Extraction;
Correlation; Dry matter accumulation; Crop yield; Yield
response functions; Mathematical models; Regression analysis;
Equations; Nutrient availability; Nutrient uptake; Nutrient
content; Physicochemical properties; Calcium phosphates;
Application rates; Greenhouse culture
15 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Correlation of the Olsen phosphorus soil test: winter wheat
response. Jackson, G.D.; Kushnak, G.D.; Carlson, G.R.;
Wichman, D.M.; Jacobsen, J.S. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker;
1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22
(9/10): p. 907-918; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Triticum aestivum; Phosphorus
fertilizers; Soil fertility; Soil testing; Cultivars; Crop
yield; Soil properties; Acid soils; Alkaline soils;
Application rates
16 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Crop response to elemental sulfur fertilizers in central
Alberta. Karamanos, R.E.; Janzen, H.H.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 May.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 71 (2): p. 203-211; 1991
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Brassica napus; Hordeum vulgare;
Luvisols; Sulfur; Ammonium sulfate; Bentonite; Soil
amendments; Residual effects; Assimilation; Nutrient
availability; Nutrient uptake; Plant analysis; Crop yield;
Grain; Seeds; Plant tissues; Incorporation; Slow release
fertilizers; Leaching; Oxidation; Rotations; Seasonal
variation; Application rates; Mineral deficiencies
17 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Determination of DRIS indices for apples (Malus domestica
Borkh). Szucs, E.; Kallay, T.; Szenci, G.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 May. Acta horticulturae (274): p. 443-453; 1990 May.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Diagnosis
of Nutritional Status of Deciduous Friut Orchards," August
25-28, 1989, Warsaw, Poland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Malus pumila; Orchards; Nutritive value; Crop
yield
Abstract: Nutritional values and yield data of 18
representative orchards were assessed in three consecutive
years. DRIS indices indicated that lower crops were correlated
to oversupply of potassium and undersupply of phosphorus while
nitrogen status was neutral, when norms were established by
the traditional method (Beaufils, 1973). Norms, estimated by
quadratic regression analysis for NP-4, NK-4 and KP-4 showed a
general oversupply of potassium and a relative undersupply of
nitrogen and phosphorus, indicating that norms obtained by
regression analysis signify rather the extremities of
nutrition-crop relations than those produced by the
traditional DRIS method. In the case of apple trees low values
of NII were not correlated to low crops, indicating that low
crops may upset the nutritional balance.
18 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Determination of optimal fertilizer dose for fruit trees and
methods of nitrate diagnosis.
Korneva, N.I.; Tsyganov, A.R.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 May. Acta horticulturae (274): p. 249-256; 1990 May.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Diagnosis
of Nutritional Status of Deciduous Fruit Orchards," August
25-28, 1989, Warsaw, Poland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Byelorussian ssr; Fruit trees; Small fruits;
Nurseries; Fertilizers; Application rates; Plant analysis;
Soil analysis; Nitrates
Abstract: A twenty-year experiment showed a positive response
of orchards, berry-fruit plantations and nursery gardens to
fertilization of turf podzolic light loams with an average
percentage of nutrient elements in the process of planting and
exploitation. The choice of optimum rates of mineral and
organic fertilizers was determined by the variety, time and
method of applying fertilizers. This work gives the results of
the comparative study of 4 methods for determining the content
of nitrates in the soil and plant tissues.
19 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Determining of the diagnostic norms for corn on the calcareous
soils of Iran. Malakouti, M.J.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23
(17/20): p. 2687-2695; 1992. In the Special Issue:
International symposium on soil testing and plant analysis in
the global community. Paper presented at the second
international symposium, August 22-27, 1991, Orlando, Florida.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iran; Zea mays; Calcareous soils; Dris;
Fertilizer requirement determination
20 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Development of diagnosis and recommendation integrated system
norms for bahiagrass.
Payne, G.G.; Rechcigl, J.E.; Stephenson, R.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Sep.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (5): p. 930-934; 1990 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Paspalum notatum; Pastures; Fertilizer
requirement determination; Nutrient requirements; Nitrogen;
Phosphorus; Potassium; Calcium; Magnesium; Iron; Manganese;
Zinc; Copper; Plant analysis; Integrated systems; Crop yield;
Forage; Dry matter accumulation
Abstract: Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) is grown on
more pasture land in Florida than all other pasture-grasses
combined. Despite the large amount of bahiagrass grown
annually, there is a surprising lack of information concerning
the nutrient requirements of bahiagrass-pastures. Currently,
fertilizer recommendations for all nutrients, especially
micronutrients. The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated
System (DRIS) was developed to make an interpretation from the
results of the chemical analysis of a plant tissue sample from
which an accurate fertilizer recommendation could be made. The
DRIS represents a holistic approach to interpreting tissue
analyses. This study was conducted to develop DRIS norms for
bahiagrass-pastures and to evaluate the accuracy of those
norms. A database, from which the DRIS norms were determined,
was assembled by collecting 857 bahiagrass-pasture samples
from ongoing bahiagrass field fertility trials located in nine
counties throughout central Florida and analyzing the samples
for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu. At the time of
sampling, forage yields were also determined. When DRIS norms
were applied to data from an independent study in which
bahiagrass was grown in greenhouse solution culture, known
nutrient deficiencies were accurately diagnosed. The nutrients
limiting bahiagrass forage yields in a fertility trial
conducted under field conditions were also correctly
identified by the DRIS interpretation of the tissue analyses.
The results obtained during this study indicate that the DRIS
can be successfully applied to bahiagrass grown and sampled
under a wide range of conditions. Therefore, it appears that
the DRIS developed for bahiagrass can provide very useful
information from which nutrient deficiencies can be readily
and correctly identified and more accurate fertilization
programs can be developed for bahiagrass-pastures.
21 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Development of fertilizer recommendations for new or recently
developed orchard areas.
Robinson, J.B.; Stallen, M.P.K.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 Dec. Acta horticulturae v. 279: p. 577-583; 1990 Dec.
Paper presented at the "Third International Workshop on
Temperate Zone Fruits in the Tropics and Subtropics," December
12-16, 1988, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Orchards; Malus; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Soil fertility; Plant analysis; Soil analysis
22 NAL Call. No.: 99.8 F7632
Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) nutrient
norms for Fraser fir Christmas trees.
Rathfon, R.A.; Burger, J.A.
Bethesda, Md. : Society of American Foresters; 1991 Sep.
Forest science v. 37 (4): p. 998-1010; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Virginia; Abies fraseri; Plant nutrition;
Fertilizer requirement determination; Foliar diagnosis;
Integrated systems
Abstract: Fraser fir (Abies fraseri [Pursh] Poir.) is an
important Christmas tree species in Virginia and North
Carolina. Because it is responsive to fertilization, and
because most Fraser fir growers fertilize their crop, a
scientifically based nutrient diagnosis and fertilizer
recommendation system is needed. The objective of this study
was to develop and test Diagnosis and Recommendation
Integrated System (DRIS) norms for Fraser fir Christmas trees
for the ultimate purpose of establishing a nutrition diagnosis
and fertilizer prescription system. A total of 107 Fraser fir
plantations were sampled for foliage, soil, and diameter
measurements. These plantations represented the range in site
conditions and management practices for Fraser fir Christmas
trees grown in Virginia. Foliage and soil were analyzed for
macro- and micronutrients. DRIS norms were developed from
these data using standard DRIS procedures. A total of 42
nutrient ratios were significant discriminators of tree
performance as measured by variation in groundline diameter.
The norms were tested using sixth-year data from a factorial
fertilizer trial. Nutrient limitations due to both
deficiencies and imbalance were detected and correctly
diagnosed using the newly derived norms. A more thorough
validation will be made with time, but this preliminary test
showed that these norms are a reasonable first approximation.
23 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system for dry
bean: determination and validation of norms.
Wortmann, C.S.; Kisakye, J.; Edje, O.T.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 15 (11): p. 2369-2379; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Phaseolus vulgaris; Dris; Foliar diagnosis;
Nutrient requirements; Mineral content; Nutrient content;
Nitrogen content; Nitrogen; Potassium; Phosphorus
Abstract: The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System
(DRIS) of interpreting results of foliar analysis is an
alternative to the Critical Nutrient Level (CNL) system. DRIS
uses indices of ratios of nutrient concentrations and has been
found to be more accurate in predicting nutrient needs for
numerous crops than the CNL system. The objectives of this
research were to estimate and validate DRIS norms for dry bean
(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) determined from a broad-based data
set. The previously recommended foliar CNL's of 3.0% N, 0.25%
P, and 1.0% K were found to be too low to be useful in
predicting responses to applied fertilizers in the test
environments. Prediction based on levels of 4.7% N, 0.32% P,
and 1.4% K was more accurate than with the lower CNL values.
DRIS was more accurate than either set of CNL values in
predicting responses to applied N, P, and K. Diagnosis with
DRIS was less affected by plant age than CNL.
24 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system modifications
for fraser fir Christmas trees.
Rathfon, R.A.; Burger, J.A.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (4): p.
1026-1031; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Virginia; Abies fraseri; Plant
nutrition; Nutrient requirements; Dris; Modification;
Adjustment; Age of trees; Nutrition surveys; Stems; Diameter;
Measurement; Foliar diagnosis; Nitrogen; Phosphorus;
Potassium; Calcium; Magnesium; Zinc; Manganese; Iron; Copper;
Boron; Equations; Loam soils; Soil fertility
Abstract: The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System
(DRIS) has been used successfully to diagnose the nutrition of
many crops. Some practioners, however, cite problems in
applying DRIS to certain crops. Among the problems are:
identifying a suitable expression of yield, maintaining
symmetry in DRIS index equations, and dealing with extremely
variable micronutrients. The purpose of this study was to
resolve problems as they were encountered in applying DRIS to
Fraser fir (Abies fraseri [Pursh] Poir.) Christmas trees. A
total of 107 Friser fir plantations were sampled for foliage,
soil, and diameter measurements. Foliage was analyzed for N,
P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, and B. Age-adjusted diameter was
used successfully as the growth-response variable. The DRIS
symmetry was maintained by including nonsignificant ratios,
but setting their standardization functions equal to zero.
This reduced the influence of the nondiscriminating nutrient
ratios on the DRIS analysis. Norm ranges, as opposed to
discrete norms, were used successfully to correct for the
influence of extremely variable micronutrient ratios on the
DRIS analysis. This combination of adaptations and
modifications of DRIS should greatly enhance its use for this
tree crop.
25 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Diagnosis of potassium deficiency in bananas using the method
of different values.
Huang, W.Z.; Liang, X.Y.; Lun, X.J.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23 (1/2):
p. 75-84; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Musa; Nutrient deficiencies; Potassium; Plant
analysis; Foliar diagnosis; Potassium fertilizers; Application
rates; Nutrient availability; Rapid methods
26 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
DRIS diagnoses of nutrient sufficiencies and deficiencies in
dallisgrass grown on relatively fertile and infertile soils in
a greenhouse. Savoy, H.J. Jr; Robinson, D.L.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1990.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 21
(13/16): p. 1367-1379; 1990. Paper presented at the
"International Symposium on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis,"
August 14-18, 1989, Fresno, California. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Paspalum dilatatum; Nutrient content; Greenhouse
soils; Soil fertility; Yield increases; Calcium; Magnesium;
Sterility
27 NAL Call. No.: SB319.2.F6F56
DRIS evaluation of the nutrient status of bahia and St.
Augustine turfgrasses. Snyder, G.H.; Sanchez, C.A.; Alrichs,
J.S.
S.l. : The Society; 1990 May.
Proceedings of the ... annual meeting of the Florida State
Horticulture Society v. 102: p. 133-137; 1990 May.
Proceedings held October 31-November 2, 1989, Tampa, Florida.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Paspalum notatum; Stenotaphrum
secundatum; Foliar diagnosis; Plant nutrition; Dris; Nutrient
deficiencies; Fertilizer requirement determination; Computer
software
28 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
DRIS evaluation of the nutritional status of crisphead
lettuce. Sanchez, C.A.; Snyder, G.H.; Burdine, H.W.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1991 Mar. HortScience v. 26 (3): p. 274-276; 1991 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Lactuca sativa; Nutrient content;
Mineral content; Foliar diagnosis; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Mineral deficiencies; Crop yield; Dry matter
accumulation; Nutrient requirements
Abstract: Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System
(DRIS) norms were derived for crisphead lettuce (Lactuca
sativa L.) from field fertility experiments conducted over the
past 20 years on mineral and organic soils in Florida.
Preliminary testing indicates that DRIS diagnoses generally
agree with diagnoses using the sufficiency range approach,
with the advantage of predicting the degree of nutrient
limitation. DRIS also appeared to correctly predict a response
to K where sufficiency ranges currently used did not. Overall,
DRIS appears to be a useful adjunct to the sufficiency range
approach currently used to diagnose nutritional deficiencies
in crisphead lettuce.
29 NAL Call. No.: 100 F663
DRIS evaluation of the nutritional status of crisphead
lettuce. Sanchez, C.A.; Snyder, G.H.; Burdine, H.W.
Belle Glade, Fla. : The Center; 1990 Oct.
Belle Glade EREC research report EV - Florida University
Agricultural Research and Education Center (1990-7): p. 11-25;
1990 Oct. Paper presented at the "Lettuce Research Workshop
of the Everglades Research and Education Center," October 31,
1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Lactuca sativa; Plant analysis; Nutrient
deficiencies
30 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Dynamics of C in a pasture grass (Panicum maximum var.
trichoglume)-soil system.
Bushby, H.V.A.; Vallis, I.; Myers, R.J.K.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Apr.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (4): p. 381-387; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Queensland; Panicum maximum var. trichoglume;
Grassland soils; Clay soils; Carbon cycle; Nitrogen cycle;
Nitrogen; Nutrient deficiencies; Nutrient availability;
Nutrient content; Urea; Ammonium fertilizers; Cutting;
Shading; Shoots; Crown; Growth analysis; Losses from soil
systems; Respiration; Roots; Soil flora; Soil organic matter;
Biomass; Rhizosphere; Assimilation; Spatial distribution
Abstract: A lack of available nitrogen is the primary mineral
constraint to the maintenance of productivity by grass-based
pastures in northern Australia. It is hypothesised that under
N stress, plants maximize soil exploration by the allocation
of a large proportion of their resources below-ground which
imposes constraints on yield from tops. A carbon balance of
mature plants of the C(4) grass green panic (Panicum maximum)
was conducted to investigate this hypothesis. Plants were
grown for 88 days in a chamber containing atmospheric
concentrations of CO2 labelled with 14C. The effects of
nitrogenous fertilizer, removal of shoots and shading on the
partitioning of dry matter and 14C between plant parts and to
the soil, and respirational losses of 14C from roots and
rhizosphere microorganisms were measured. Additions of
fertilizer restored the productivity of rundown plants by
increasing the dry matter (DM) and 14C content of shoots and
crowns. Root DM was not affected by fertilizer but the 14C
content was increased. Thus, N fertilizer increased the
proportion of DM allocated to shoots relative to roots whether
or not shoots were removed. Although the absolute amounts of
14C lost as CO2 from root-rhizosphere respiration increased as
a result of applications of fertilizer N, the proportional
losses were not affected. Over all treatments, loss of 14C by
root-rhizosphere respiration was highly correlated with total
plant DM (r(2) = 0.78). Removal of shoots did not affect shoot
DM production but it did decrease the size of the crowns for
both N treatments. The amount of 14C in the shoots of rundown
(but not of fertilized) plants was increased by cutting, while
for crowns, roots and the microbial biomass, the amount of 14C
was reduced in both rundown and fertilized plants. Shading
rundown plants decreased shoot DM and 14C in the shoots,
crowns, roots, biomass and soil organic matter, plus that lost
through respiration compared to rundown plants in full
sunlight. It is concluded t
31 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
An economic assessment of maintaining high phosphorus and
potassium soil test levels.
Chase, C.; Duffy, M.; Webb, J.; Voss, R.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1991.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 6 (2): p.
83-86; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Rotations; Udolls;
Phosphorus fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers; Application
rates; Economic viability; Profitability; Production costs;
Operating costs; Returns; Crop yield; Soil testing; Soil test
values; Phosphorus; Potassium; Residual effects; Long term
experiments; Seasonal variation; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Sustainability
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization
costs, yields, and economic returns associated with various P
and K fertilization levels were evaluated on corn and soybeans
in rotation in northeastern Iowa from 1979 to 1989. The
treatments were 0, 20, and 40 lb P/acre and 0, 60, and 120 lb
K/acre, in all nine combinations, plus the high rate (40 +
120) applied on alternate years. (The latter treatment
applied, respectively, in odd or even years was averaged into
one treatment.) The initial soil test levels averaged 57
pounds of P and 355 pounds of K The P-K treatments did not
significantly explain the variation in corn or soybean yields.
Net returns were found directly related to the cost of the
treatment, so that the control treatment (0 + 0) achieved the
highest returns. The cost of using the 20 + 60 treatment to
maintain soil test levels in the high to very high range was
$24/acre per year. Annual application of 40 + 120 cost
$45/acre. A sufficiency approach to applying P and K could
drastically reduce fertilizer costs for high-testing soils.
Further research is needed to determine if recommendations
from this approach can be lowered in some cases. Extension
workers must continue to develop ways to aid farmers in
realizing the usefulness of soil testing. Farmers must
carefully evaluate their fertilization needs in conjunction
with soil test results. Together, a more sustainable approach
to P and K fertilization for corn and soybeans may be
attained.
32 NAL Call. No.: S631.F422
Effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield, oil
content, nitrogen accumulation and water use of canola
(Brassica napus L.). Taylor, A.J.; Smith, C.J.; Wilson, I.B.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991 Sep.
Fertilizer research : an international journal on fertilizer
use and technology v. 29 (3): p. 249-260; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Brassica napus; Red brown earths; Clay
loam soils; Irrigated soils; Nitrogen fertilizers; Starter
dressings; Split dressings; Application rates; Irrigation;
Rain; Water deficit; Crop yield; Grain; Rapeseed oil; Chemical
composition; Soil analysis; Plant analysis; Nitrogen; Nutrient
content; Water use; Water use efficiency; Available water;
Soil water content; Evaporation; Climatic factors; Biomass
production; Crop production; Seeds; Pods; Yield components;
Crop growth stage
Abstract: Effects of N application and water supply on yield,
oil content and N accumulation by canola, cultivar Marnoo,
grown on a heavy clay soil in the Goulburn Murray Irrigation
Region were investigated. Treatments were rainfed (Rf) or
watered at a deficit of 50 mm (40-60 mm, I50) beginning in the
spring. N treatments were 0, 50, 100 or 200 kg N ha-1 at
sowing or as split applications of 20/80, and 50/50 kg N ha-1
at sowing and rosette, respectively. Yield (Yg) ranged from
170 to 520 g m-2. Irrigation and N increased yield in both
years. Grain yields were increased by N application on the
irrigated treatments when 100 or 200 kg N ha-1 was applied.
Oil concentrations ranged from a maximum of 46.4% in treatment
N0 to a minimum of 40.6% in treatment N200 and was inversely
related to seed N concentration. Although fertilizer N
decreased oil concentration, it increased the yield of oil.
Nitrogen accumulation (Nb) limited yield of all treatments and
was described by the equation, Yg = 806[1-EXP(-0.039 Nb)].
This implied a decrease in yield per unit of Nb at the higher
rates of fertilizer addition with consequent increases in
grain N concentration. The efficiency of water use in the
production of grain (WUEg) and biomass (WUEb) were 7.5 and 23
kg ha-1 mm-1 respectively. Nitrogen additions increased WUEg
and WUEb in both seasons. Maximum values of 8.9 (WUEg 1986)
and 26.8 (WUEb 1987) were measured from treatment N200. These
data suggest that the crops made efficient use of the applied
water.
33 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Effect of N fertilizer rate on the estimation of N2 fixation
by isotope dilution.
Hamilton, S.D.; Chalk, P.M.; Smith, C.J.; Hopmans, P.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 23 (12): p. 1105-1110; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Lupinus angustifolius; Triticum
aestivum; Red brown earths; Rhizobium lupini; Nutrient uptake;
Nitrogen; Sulfur; Measurement; Ammonium chloride; Potassium
sulfate; Application rates; Nutrient availability; Nitrogen
fixation; Use efficiency; Plant analysis; Nitrogen content;
Isotope dilution; Modification; Comparisons
Abstract: Lupins and wheat fertilized with different rates of
(15)NH4Cl and K2(35)SO4 (N:S=10:1) were grown in the field in
laterally-confined microplots, and the proportion of
biologically-fixed N2 in legume tops (P(atm)) harvested 191
days after sowing was estimated by the (15)N isotope dilution
technique and the A-value modification of this technique.
Estimates of P(atm) decreased markedly as the rate of N
applied to lupins increased from 2.5 to 20 kg N ha-1,
irrespective of the rate of N applied to the reference plant,
illustrating that symbiotic N2 fixation was inhibited by rates
of N fertilizer commonly used to label soil. Both nitrogen and
sulphur A-values for wheat and lupins decreased as rates of
fertilizer application increased, and were associated with
increases in efficiencies of fertilizer N and S use by the
crops. Estimates of P(atm) generally increased as the rate of
fertilizer N applied to the reference plant increased from 20
to 100 kg N ha-1, but the extent of the increase was governed
by the rate of N applied to the legume. Thus the fundamental
requirement of the A-value modification (i.e. the independence
of the reference plant A-value and rate of N application) was
not fulfilled, and estimates of P(atm) using A-values were
higher than estimates using the classical methodology. It was
concluded that the A-value modification of the (15)N isotope
dilution technique has only limited potential application in
estimating the contribution of fixation to plant nutrition.
34 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Effect of nitrogen and nitrogen placement on no-till small
grains: plant nitrogen relationships.
Jackson, G.D.; Kushnak, G.D.; Berg, R.K.; Carlson, G.R.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23
(17/20): p. 2425-2435; 1992. In the Special Issue:
International symposium on soil testing and plant analysis in
the global community. Paper presented at the second
international symposium, August 22-27, 1991, Orlando, Florida.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; No-
tillage; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates; Placement;
Nitrogen; Soil testing; Nutrient uptake; Protein content;
Grain; Nutrient content
35 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Effect of nitrogen and nitrogen placement on no-till small
grains: plant yield relationships.
Kushnak, G.D.; Jackson, G.D.; Berg, R.K.; Carlson, G.R.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23
(17/20): p. 2437-2449; 1992. In the Special Issue:
International symposium on soil testing and plant analysis in
the global community. Paper presented at the second
international symposium, August 22-27, 1991, Orlando, Florida.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; No-
tillage; Continuous cropping; Soil testing; Nitrogen; Nutrient
content; Nitrogen fertilizers; Use efficiency; Placement;
Application rates; Crop yield
36 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Effect of nitrogen and salinity levels in the nutrient
solution on the DRIS diagnosis of greenhouse tomato.
Caron, J.; Parent, L.E.; Gosselin, A.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22
(9/10): p. 879-892; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Greenhouse crops; Dris;
Liquid fertilizers; Nutrient solutions; Nitrogen content;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Plant nutrition; Salinity; Crop yield
37 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
The effect of plant material on the relationship between
sodium acetate and sodium bicarbonate extractable phosphorus
in a Latahco silt loam soil. Li, G.C.; Mahler, R.L.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22 (7/8):
p. 597-612; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Medicago sativa; Pisum sativum; Triticum
aestivum; Phosphorus; Plant residues; Soil amendments; Soil
fertility; Soil testing; Application rates; Extractants;
Sodium acetate; Sodium bicarbonate; Silt loam soils; Soil
water potential
38 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
The effect of soil types and fertilizers on yield and quality
of fiber flax. Robinson, B.B.; Cook, R.L.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1931 Jul.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 23 (7): p.
497-510; 1931 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Linum usitatissimum; Fertilizers; Soil types;
Field experimentation; Crop yield; Laboratory tests
Abstract: This paper presents results obtained in experiments
to ascertain the effect of soil type and fertilizer
application on the flax plant in the field. The heavier types
soil outyielded the lighter soils consistently. Brookston, a
heavy soil, gave much greater straw and fiber yield for three
years than did Hillsdale, a medium soil. The application of
fertilizers to the lighter soils did not cause them to give
yields equal to the untreated heavier soils. Nitrogen added to
combinations of potash and phosphorus fertilizers gave no
increased fiber yields and only slightly increased seed
yields. Phosphorus alone did not seem to increase the yield of
fiber and seed over untreated plats. In combination with
potash, increased yields were obtained. This element when
applied often resulted in an increased length of straw. Potash
applications when applied with phosphorus resulted in
increased yields of fiber and seed. Calcium, which bad been
applied to the soil one year before the experiments were
started, had only a slightly beneficial effect on yields and
lowered the percentage of fiber in the straw. In most cases it
also lowered the fiber strength and the hackling percentage,
indicating a poorer quality of fiber. Magnesium when applied
with calcium tended to counteract the bad effect produced by
the latter element on fiber strength.
39 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Effectiveness of nitrogen and potassium fertilization of apple
trees. Nosal, K.; Poniedzialek, W.; Kropp, K.; Porebski, S.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 May. Acta horticulturae (274): p. 361-364; 1990 May.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Diagnosis
of Nutritional Status of Deciduous Fruit Orchards," August
25-28, 1989, Warsaw, Poland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Poland; Malus pumila; Npk fertilizers;
Application rates; Soil analysis; Foliar diagnosis; Yield
response functions
Abstract: In 1973-1984 3 different levels of fertilization
were applied to apple trees. Mineral fertilization increased
the K content in soil already at the dose of 50 kg/ha N, a
sufficiently high N in leaves was obtained. From the third
year of treatment the concentration of K in leaves increased,
being higher in years with more abundant precipitations,
however, it did not have optimum level even with high doses of
fertilizers. Total yields increased with larger doses of
fertilization, reaching 100% with Do, 130% with Dl, 148% with
D2, and 158% with D3. The application of LS-7 chelate
increased the yield of Bancroft apples and the concentration
of P in leaves of the investigated trees.
40 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
Effects of fertilizer rate, application timing and plant
spacing on yield nad nutrient content of bell pepper.
Russo, V.M.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 14 (10): p. 1047-1056; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Capsicum annuum; Npk fertilizers; Application
rates; Application date; Split dressings; Nutrient uptake;
Nutrient content; Mineral content; Nitrogen content; Leaves;
Fruits; Crop yield; Spacing
Abstract: Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum var annuum L.), cv
Pip, transplants were established at 31 and 46 cm in-rows on
bare soil and drip irrigated on a twice weekly schedule. A
base rate of fertilizer was applied either in one preplant
application or in two (preplant and first flower set) or three
(preplant, first flower set, after the midseason harvest)
split applications. Additional fertilizer was applied in
excess of the base rate on a predetermined schedule or after
significant yield decline ('as needed'). Concentrations of 12
elements in leaf and fruit tissues were determined throughout
the growing season. The three-split application of the base
rate of fertilizer increased total yield. Plants spaced at 46
cm had increased total and marketable yield in one year.
Interactions of fertilizer treatment and plant spacing did not
affect total yield. In one year when additional fertilizer was
applied 'as needed', plants spaced at 31 cm produced more
marketable yield than plants spaced at 46 cm. Nutrients in
leaves and fruit did not respond to fertilizer treatment or
spacing. In leaves and fruit, concentrations of elements
increased, decreased or stayed the same in both years. For
leaves, exceptions were Cu, Mn, and N. For fruit, exceptions
were Al, Fe, K, and N. A base level application of fertilizer
applied preplant was sufficient to support marketable fruit
production.
41 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Effects of fertilizers applied on the basis of soil and foliar
diagnosis. Kondakov, A.K.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 May. Acta horticulturae (274): p. 231-232; 1990 May.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Diagnosis
of Nutritional Status of Deciduous Fruit Orchards," August
25-28, 1989, Warsaw, Poland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.S.R.; Europe; Rsfsr; Malus pumila; Npk
fertilizers; Soil analysis; Foliar diagnosis; Yield response
functions
Abstract: Yield of apple trees is raised by applying
corrected zonal dose of NPK on the basis of the results of
leaf and soil analysis.
42 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Effects of N rates and harvest dates on the efficiency of 15N-
labelled fertilizer on early harvested potatoes (Solanum
tuberosum L.). Tran, T.S.; Giroux, M.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 Nov.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 71 (4): p. 519-532; 1991
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Quebec; Solanum tuberosum; Gley podzols; Ammonium
nitrate; Use efficiency; Application rates; Harvesting date;
Temporal variation; Crop yield; Dry matter accumulation;
Weight; Foliage; Tubers; Roots; Nutrient uptake;
Translocation; Soil analysis; Plant analysis; Nitrogen
content; Climatic factors; Seasonal growth; Fertilizer
requirement determination
43 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Effects of residual soil nitrogen and urea on yield and
petiole nitrate of cotton.
Cihacek, L.J.; Kerby, T.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (2): p. 193-197; 1991
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Mexico; Gossypium hirsutum; Urea; Sulfur
coated urea; Fertilizer requirement determination; Application
rates; Residual effects; Soil fertility; Soil analysis; Plant
analysis; Petioles; Chemical composition; Nitrate nitrogen;
Profiles; Nutrient availability; Surface layers; Subsurface
layers; Mineralization; Crop yield; Semiarid climate
44 NAL Call. No.: S596.7.D4
Effects of sample depth, and of lime and phosphorus
applications on soil test levels in pasture soils.
Bryan, W.B.; Elliott, K.C.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991.
Developments in plant and soil sciences v. 45: p. 263-266;
1991. In the series analytic: Plant-soil interactions at low
pH / edited by R.J. Wright, V.C. Baligar and R.P. Murrmann.
Proceedings of the second international symposium, June 24-29,
1990, Beckley, West Virginia. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Acid soils; Grassland soils; Soil testing;
Sampling; Lime; Phosphorus
Abstract: Depth of soil sampling may affect soil fertility
test results. To study this effect, soil samples were taken
from pasture soils (Aquic and Ultic Hapludalfs) in October
1985 at three depths before lime and P applications, and
yearly thereafter. Pastures were assigned three levels of soil
amendment with lime and phosphate fertilizer: 1) none: 2)
medium: and 3) high. Climate was humid continental. The
average initial soil pH was 4.7, and available P 41, K 418,
and Mg 203 kg ha-1. Results showed that the deeper the soil
sample, the lower the pH and available nutrients.
45 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Evaluating SOY-DRIS for predicting manganese deficiency and
sufficiency. Shuman, L.M.; Wilson, D.O.; Hallmark, W.B.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23
(9/10): p. 1019-1029; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Glycine max; Foliar diagnosis; Dris;
Mineral deficiencies; Mineral excess; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Manganese; Accuracy; Computer software
46 NAL Call. No.: DISS 75-25,754
Evaluation of soil test methods and development of a potassium
fertilizer recommendation sytem for Montana.
Haby, Vincent A.
1975; 1975.
xix, 216 leaves : ill. Includes bibliographical references
(leaves 201-216).
Language: English
47 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
External and internal critical phosphorus requirements of
soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] in three Ghanaian soils.
Ankomah, A.B.; Osei-Kofi, V.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Oct.
Tropical agriculture v. 69 (4): p. 315-318; 1992 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ghana; Glycine max; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Nutrient uptake; Phosphorus fertilizers;
Application rates; Plant analysis; Soil fertility; Soil
properties; Crop yield
48 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Fertigation and growth of young 'Hamlin' orange trees in
Florida. Willis, L.E.; Davies, F.S.; Graetz, D.A.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1991 Feb. HortScience v. 26 (2): p. 106-109; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Citrus sinensis; Fertigation; Npk
fertilizers; Broadcasting; Application rates; Frequency; Soil
analysis; Nitrate nitrogen; Ammonium nitrogen; Growth rate;
Plant height; Trunks; Diameter; Shoots
Abstract: One-year-old 'Hamlin' orange [Citrus sinensis (L.)
Osb.] trees on sour orange rootstock (C. aurantium L.) were
used to compare various fertigation frequencies and rates with
application of granular materials. In Expt. 1, granular
fertilizer was applied five times per year or liquid
fertilizer was applied five, 10, or 30 times per year at 0.23
kg N/tree per year as an 8N-3.4P-6.6K formulation. In Expt. 2,
an additional treatment of granular and liquid material was
applied three times per year, but fertilizer rate and
formulation were the same as in Expt. 1. Experiment 3 included
the same application frequencies as Expt. 1, but with two
rates of N (0.11 or 0.06 kg N/tree per year). Soil samples
were taken from each treatment 1, 4, and 7 days after
fertilization at depths of 0-15, 16-46, and 47-76 cm for
nutrient analyses. Trunk diameter, shoot growth, and tree
height were similar for all treatments 8 months after planting
in Expts. 1 and 2, while trees in Expt. 3 had significantly
less growth at the lower rate. Soil NH4-N and NO3-N
concentrations for all liquid treatments within 1 week of
fertilization were highest for the five times per year
treatment at the 0- to 15-cm depth, but nutrient
concentrations of all liquid treatments were similar at the
other depths. For most dates and depths, NH4-N and NO3-N
concentrations were similar for both fertilizer rates.
49 NAL Call. No.: 81 SO12
Fertilizer placement affects growth, fruit yield, and
elemental concentrations and contents of tomato plants.
Mortley, D.G.; Smith, C.B.; Demchak, K.T.
Alexandria, Va. : The Society; 1991 Jul.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science v.
116 (4): p. 659-662; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Lycopersicon esculentum; Npk
fertilizers; Application methods; Effects; Growth; Plant
analysis; Nutrient content; Nutrient uptake
Abstract: The effects of fertilizer placement on growth and
nutrient uptake of 'Count II' tomatoes (Lycopersicon
esculentum Mill.) were evaluated in a 3-year study. Fertilizer
was applied broadcast at two rates or banded in two bands at
two widths or in four bands, or applied in combinations of
sidedressing or broadcasting with banding of N, P, and K at
56, 112, or 224 kg.ha(-1) each. Total fruit yield for the 112
kg.ha(-1) banded treatment was 24% higher than that for the
same rate broadcast and similar to yield for 224 kg.ha(-1)
broadcast. Treatments involving combined placements, wider
bands, or four bands produced yields similar to that for 112
kg.ha(-1) banded, but the 56 kg.ha(-1) banded with two 56
kg.ha(-1) sidedressings had the highest yield. Leaf
concentrations and plant contents of N, P, and K and
percentage recovery of quantities applied were generally
higher in treatments involving banding or sidedressing when
compared to broadcasting. Leaf Mn was much higher in banded or
sidedressed than for broadcast treatments but was lower when
112 kg.ha(-1) was applied in four bands than in two. Only with
Mg and Mn were leaf concentrations and plant contents
highlycorrelated. With 112 kg.ha(-1) banded, 31.2% of the N,
5.8% of the P, and 44.7% of the K applied were taken up,
compared to 12.5%, 2.3%, and 17.2%,respectively, for double
this rate broadcast.
50 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Field crop recovery and modeling of nitrogen mineralized from
labeled sorghum residues.
Vigil, M.F.; Kissel, D.E.; Smith, S.J.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (4): p.
1031-1037; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Sorghum bicolor; Triticum aestivum;
Nutrient availability; Mineralization; Nitrogen;
Decomposition; Crop residues; Sorghum; Nutrient uptake;
Carbon-nitrogen ratio; Simulation models; Regression analysis;
Subsurface application; Double cropping; Isotope labeling;
Ammonium nitrogen; Nitrate nitrogen; Soil water content; Soil
temperature; Silt loam soils; Argillic horizons; Seasonal
variation
Abstract: Efficient use of fertilizer N requires an
assessment of the N contribution from decomposing crop
resumes. The objectives of this study were to quantify and
model the amount of mineralized N recovered by a growing crop
from 15N-labeled sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench)
residues of variable N concentration and composition. The
residues were incorporated into the surface soil of field
microplots. The microplots were double-cropped with sorghum
and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for a 3-yr period. The 15N
tag in the crop residue was used to distinguish between
residue-derived N and that from soil organic matter. Between
4.5 and 25% of the residue N applied (36-83 kg N ha-1 was
applied as crop residue N) was recovered by a sorghum crop 110
d after incorporation. This constituted 56 to 77% of the total
N recovered during a 3-yr period. Accumulated N recovered over
time was described by modified first-order models. Regression
analysis indicated that 93% of the variability in N recovered
by 110 d could be explained using the C/N ratio and acid-
detergent fiber contents of the residues. Measurements of N
mineralized, using the method described above, were compared
with predicted N mineralized using MINIMO (a subroutine of the
CERES-Maize model). After adjusting MINIMO parameters using
data collected 110 d after residue incorporation, the slope
and intercept of a linear fit between measured and MINIMO-
predicted N mineralized 1097 d after residue incorporation
were not different from one and zero, respectively.
51 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Fractional neutralization of soil acidity for the
establishment of clover. Albrecht, W.A.; Poirot, E.M.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1930 Jul.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 22 (7): p.
649-657; 1930 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Clovers; Soil acidity; Testing; Soil ph;
Fertilizers; Liming; Field experimentation; Trials
Abstract: Extensive field trials of amounts of lime as small
as 300 pounds of 30-mesh material per acre combined with
inoculated soil and drilled with the clover seed demonstrated
by trials of 3 years that this treatment was as effective as
5,000 pounds of 10-mesh limestone broadcast for establishing
the clover crop on a lime-deficient soil (Gerald silt loam).
The use of small amounts of fine lime drilled with the seed
was effective in establishing both red and sweet clovers. On
account of defective sweet clover seed, this crop was included
in only two years of this study. The fine lime produced crops
of sweet clover as good as those produced by the heavy
applications of the 10-mesh stone, while the crops of red
clover were usually superior under the treatments with the 30-
mesh stone. The use of the finer lime hastened the development
of thorough inoculation on the roots of the clovers and served
to establish them more quickly through this aid on this soil
of depleted fertility. The results of this study raise doubt
as to whether it is necessary to neutralize completely the
acidity of the surface soil for the successful growth of
clover and suggest that it may be necessary to provide only
certain limited areas of limed soil accessible to the clover
roots.
52 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
General model for predicting crop response to fertilizer.
Johnson, G.V.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (2): p. 367-373; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Crop yield; Prediction; Yield response
functions; Nitrogen fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers;
Phosphorus fertilizers; Mathematical models; Soil fertility;
Soil test values
Abstract: Predicting crop response to fertilizers is
fundamental to determining fertilization profitability. This
paper describes development of a general model to predict crop
response to N, P, and K fertilizers. The Mitscherlich percent
sufficiency concept and Bray mobility concept are the general
underlying principles upon which the model is developed. Crop
yields are projected within the limits of a maximum equal to
the yield goal and a minimum calculated as a fraction of the
yield goal based on percent sufficiency--calibrated P and K
soil tests, and available mineral and organic N. Organic N
contributions are estimated from algorithms developed to
provide a means of indexing the degree to which crops in the
past were grown in a N-rich environment and easily
mineralizable organic N accumulated. Output of the model
generates N, P, and K response surfaces typical of those
generally found in the literature. Evaluation of the quadratic
P response components in the model indicate that a coefficient
of 2 for the linear term and 1 for the squared term are good
first approximations. Magnitude of P and K fertilizer
responses is related directly to soil test value and amount of
nutrient applied. Response to N fertilizer is large and nearly
linear when the yield average is small compared to the yield
goal. The response decreases and becomes more curvilinear as
the yield average approaches the yield goal. The model is
general enough to have broad application, yet allows for local
specificity through use of the soil test and yield goal
information.
53 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Growth of chrysanthemum at low, relatively steady nutrient
levels in a commercial-style substrate.
Williams, K.A.; Nelson, P.V.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1992 Aug. HortScience v. 27 (8): p. 877-880; 1992 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dendranthema morifolium; Nutrient solutions;
Growing media; Plant nutrition; Npk fertilizers; Application
rates; Soil solution
Abstract: Nutrient solution with a molar ratio of 10 N : 1 P
: 3 K was applied in scheduled intervals at rates of 0.5, 1,
4, or 20 mM N (NO3 + NH4) to Dendranthema X grandiflorum
(Ramat.) Kitamura 'Sunny Mandalay' plants seven (7/day) or 14
times/day (14/day). These plants were compared to a 20 mM N
control in which nutrient solution was applied when the soil
moisture tension reached 30 kPa. Plants with 7/day had
significant quadratic relationships for height, width, and dry
weight, with the lowest responses at the low nutrient
concentration. With 14/day, height and dry weight did not
differ, although width did increase linearly with nutrient
solution concentration. However, linear regression slopes for
all three variables were much lower with 14/day than with
7/day. At midcrop in both experiments, significant regression
curves indicated that the lower concentrations of nutrient
solution resulted in lower tissue N and K levels; however,
slopes of the linear regressions were lower with 14/day than
with 7/day. With 7/day, the water content (percentage) of
plants in the schedule-fertilized treatments was higher in
plants receiving higher nutrient concentrations, as indicated
by the significant linear and quadratic regression curves.
With 14/day, the water content was linearly related to
solution nutrient concentration, but with a lower slope than
with 7/day. These three trends indicate that steady-state
nutrition was more closely achieved in a commercial-style
substrate with 14/day applications of nutrient solution. These
results suggest that plant growth that meets commercial
expectations can be achieved at lower soil solution nutrient
concentrations than currently applied.
54 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
The growth of white lupine on a Calciaquoll.
Moraghan, J.T.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Sep.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (5): p.
1353-1357; 1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Calcareous soils; Loam soils; Lupinus albus;
Triticum aestivum; Root systems; Nutrient availability;
Nutrient deficiencies; Plant development; Phosphorus; Iron;
Manganese; Nitrogen; Ammonium phosphates; Iron fertilizers;
Bradyrhizobium; Ammonium nitrate; Nutrient sources; Roots;
Rhizosphere; Nodulation; Root nodules; Leaves; Chlorosis;
Shoots; Nutrient content; Nutrient transport; Nutrient uptake;
Nitrogen fixation; Plant analysis; Statistical analysis; Dry
matter accumulation; Acidification; Greenhouse culture
Abstract: White lupine (Lupinus albus L.), an annual legume
used for grain production in temperate climates, forms
proteoid root (clusters of determinate rootlets on sections of
lateral roots), accumulates Mn, and grows poorly on calcareous
soils. This study was conducted to determine, under greenhouse
conditions, the influence of P (0 vs. 120 mg NaH2PO4-P kg-1),
Fe (0 vs. 2 mg FeEDDHA-Fe kg-1), and N source (inoculation
with Bradyrhizobium lupini vs. 80 mg NH4NO3- N kg-1) on growth
of 'Kiev' white lupine on a Wheatville loam (coarse-silty over
clayey, frigid, Aeric Calciaquoll) low in available P, Fe, and
N. Yield of white lupine shoots was increased by Fe and P
fertilizers but was unaffected by N source. Wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.) gave a three-fold increase to N fertilizer under
similar conditions. Inoculated white lupine plants were
nodulated but uninoculated ones were not. Number and weight of
nodules were stimulated more than twofold by application of Fe
and P fertilizers. Plants without added Fe displayed leaf
chlorosis that was increased by P and N fertilizers and
decreased by added Fe and advancing plant age. The incidence
of proteoid roots encased in hard-to-remove soil was depressed
more than two-thirds by P fertilizer, but was stimulated by
inoculation. Concentration of Mn in white lupine shoots was
depressed by P fertilizer, stimulated by inoculation, and
little affected by added Fe. Iron deficiency detrimentally
affected the growth of white lupine on the Wheatville soil and
its severity was intensified by N and P fertilization.
55 NAL Call. No.: SB319.2.N6G84
Home and market garden fertilization.
Glover, C.; Herrera, E.
Las Cruces, NM : The Service; 1988 Nov.
Guide H - New Mexico State University, Cooperative Extension
Service (120): 4 p.; 1988 Nov.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Mexico; Vegetables; Fertilizers; Soil
testing; Plant nutrition; Application rates
56 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Identification of nutritional influences on cone production in
Fraser fir. Arnold, R.J.; Jett, J.B.; Allen, H.L.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Mar.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (2): p. 586-591;
1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Abies fraseri; Foliar nutrition;
Foliage; Nutrient content; Seasonal variation; Winter; Summer;
Seed cones; Yields; Dris; Seed production
Abstract: Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] is highly
valued as a freshcut Christmas tree. Commercial cultivation is
limited partly by seed scarcity. The purpose of this study was
to develop foliar tissue nutrient norms for female cone yield
to use in the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System
(DRIS), for ultimately improving cone yields. Two sets of
these norms were developed, one set based on February and the
other on July foliar nutrient levels. Neither single mineral-
nutrient concentrations nor other assessed tree parameters
correlated with cone yield. However, nutritional
discrimination between high- and low-yielding trees was
obtained with July tissue. Discrimination with February needle
samples was poor. Reasonable agreement was obtained for orders
of nutrient limitations diagnosed from the two seasonally
specific sets of norms. Results indicated the potential to use
DRIS to aid in selection of clones and prescribing treatments
to enhance cone yields.
57 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Identifying and removing spatial correlation from yield
experiments. Bhatti, A.U.; Mulla, D.J.; Koehler, F.E.;
Gurmani, A.H.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Nov.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (6): p.
1523-1528; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Pakistan; Triticum aestivum; Winter
wheat; Gossypium hirsutum; Eroded soils; Sloping land;
Phosphorus fertilizers; Nitrogen fertilizers; Soil treatment;
Spatial distribution; Correlation; Crop yield; Spatial
variation; Soil variability; Analysis of variance; Field
experimentation; Experimental design; Errors; Trends;
Quantitative analysis; Statistical methods
Abstract: In classical statistics, the effect of soil trends
is compensated for by replication and randomization of
treatments. Two field experiments were conducted at sites with
significant soil trends to evaluate the use of semivariograms
for identifying spatial correlation in plot yield, and
evaluate the ability of nearest-neighbor analysis (NNA) in
removing trend. The first experiment involved a P-fertilizer
trial with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on an eroded
hillslope in eastern Washington. The second experiment
involved a N- and P-fertilizer trial with cotton (Gossypium
hirsutum L.) in Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. One of the
difficulties in using semivariograms of plot-yield data to
evaluate spatial correlation in experimental errors is that
yield is affected by the presence of trends as well as by the
pattern in treatment randomization and replication. To remove
the influence of treatment randomization, the measured mean
for each treatment was subtracted from the measured yield for
that treatment in each plot. Semivariograms of these
deviations in yield relative to the treatment mean showed
significant structure for both experiments, indicating spatial
correlation between plots resulting from soil trends. We used
NNA to adjust measured plot yields for the effects of spatial
correlation. Semivariograms of yield deviations after this
adjustment exhibited no spatial structure, indicating removal
of spatial correlation between plots. Analysis of variance
(ANOVA) on measured yields before adjustment by NNA in both
experiments showed nonsignificant treatment effects, while
block effects were highly significant. Thus, without
adjustment, the experimental results showed no response to the
applied fertilizer treatments. In contrast, ANOVA on adjusted
yields after NNA showed highly significant treatment effects,
while block effects were nonsignificant.
58 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Improved nitrogen management in irrigated durum wheat using
stem nitrate analysis. I. Nitrate uptake dynamics.
Knowles, T.C.; Doerge, T.A.; Ottman, M.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (2): p. 346-352; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Triticum turgidum; Triticum durum;
Cultivars; Nitrogen fertilizers; Residual effects; Application
rates; Movement in soil; Soil texture; Sandy loam soils; Clay
loam soils; Nitrate nitrogen; Stems; Plant analysis;
Fertilizer requirement determination; Nitrogen; Recovery; Crop
yield; Grain; Crop quality; Nutrient uptake; Irrigated stands;
Semiarid climate
Abstract: Intensive N management for irrigated spring wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) grown in arid and semi-arid regions
requires preplant soil, plus periodic basal stem analyses for
nitrate. Additional information on the relationships between
grain yield and quality, N rates and stem nitrate-N (NO3-N)
levels is needed for the wide range of agronomic conditions
found in areas where irrigated durum wheat (Triticum turgidum
L. var. durum) is grown. Five field experiments were conducted
during the 1985 to 1988 crop years in southern Arizona to
examine the effects of N rate, mobility of N fertilizer form,
level of residual soil N, soil texture, and two contrasting
wheat cultivars on basal stem NO3-N concentrations and grain
yield and quality of durum wheat. Stem NO3-N concentrations
were responsive to both fertilizer and soil-N levels. Nitrogen
applications containing mobile NO3-N or urea-N resulted in
stem NO3-N concentrations at the Feekes 2 growth stage (GS)
that averaged 52% less (2.0 vs. 4.2 g NO3-N kg-1) than when an
equivalent amount of an immobile NH4-N source was used on Casa
Grande sandy loam [coarse, loamy, mixed (caleareous),
hyperthermic, Typic Natrargid (reclaimed)] soil. Different N
sources had no significant effect on stem NO3 levels for wheat
grown on a Trix clay loam [fine loamy, mixed (caleareous),
hyperthermic, Typic Torrifluvent] soil. Wheat grown on finer
textured clay loam soils showed a two fold increase for NO3-N
accumulation in basal stem tissue due to N applications
ranging from 225 to 651 kg N ha-1 over the sampling period
from GS 6 through 10.5. No statistical or practical
differences were observed in the quantities of NO3-N contained
in the stem tissue of two popular durum wheat cultivars
(Aldura and Westbred-881) when equivalent rates of N were
applied. Visual deficiency symptoms were not observed, and
subsequent grain yield and quality did not suffer when stem
NO3-N levels decreased to no lower than 1.0 g kg-1 following
GS 6. These results provide
59 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Improved nitrogen management in irrigated durum wheat using
stem nitrate analysis. II. Interpretation of nitrate-nitrogen
concentrations. Knowles, T.C.; Doerge, T.A.; Ottman, M.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (2): p. 353-356; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Triticum turgidum; Triticum durum;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Application date; Crop growth stage;
Irrigated stands; Basin irrigation; Plant analysis; Stems;
Nitrate nitrogen; Nitrogen; Recovery; Nutrient uptake; Crop
yield; Grain; Crop quality; Semiarid climate; Fertilizer
requirement determination
Abstract: Attempts to characterize the N status of irrigated
spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using basal stem nitrate-N
(NO3-N) tissue tests have shown contradictory results due to
the narrow range of agronomic conditions existing in most
studies. Five field experiments were conducted in southern
Arizona to examine the effects of N rate, mobility of N
fertilizer form, residual soil N, soil texture, and two
contrasting cultivars on basal stem NO3-N concentrations,
yield and quality of irrigated durum wheat (Triticum turgidum
L. var. durum). Fertilizer N treatments were broadcast at
planting, then at Feekes 5, 10, and 10.5 growth stages (GS) to
simulate fertilization in conjunction with the first four
basin irrigation events. Stem tissue samples were taken from
all plots at GS 2, 5, 6, 10, and 10.5 for NO3-N analysis. A
critical level of 2000 mg NO3-N kg-1 in durum wheat stem
tissue at GS 2 through 5 was suggested. Critical wheat stem
tissue NO3-N concentrations of 1000 mg kg-1 at GS 6 through 10
and 500 mg kg-1 at GS 10.5 were also defined. Significant
grain yield reductions due to excessive N fertilizer
applications resulted when stem tissue NO3-N concentrations
exceeded 6000, 5000, 4000, 3000, and 2000 mg kg-1 at GS 2, 5,
6, 10, and 10.5, respectively. Optimum durum wheat grain yield
and quality occurred when basal stem tissue NO3-N
concentrations ranged from 3000 to 4000, 2500 to 3500, 1000 to
1500, 500 to 1000, and 200 to 500 mg kg-1 at GS 2, 5, 6, 10,
and 10.5, respectively. These results should prove useful in
predicting the N needs of irrigated durum wheat grown under
arid and semi-arid conditions.
60 NAL Call. No.: 100 L936
Improving nutrition of soybeans grown in a double-crop system
with wheat. Kovar, J.L.; Moore, S.H.; Harrison, S.A.
Baton Rouge, La. : The Department; 1989.
Report of projects - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
Station, Department of Agronomy. p. 122-123; 1989.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Glycine max; Triticum aestivum; Double
cropping; Fertilizers; Application; Soil analysis; Nutrient
content; Plant residues; Decomposition; Nutrient uptake;
Roots; Growth; Tillage
61 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M58B
Individual field file.
East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1992 Mar.
Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan
State University (2343): 6 p.; 1992 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crop production; Record keeping; Farm planning;
Soil testing; Fertilizer requirement determination;
Pesticides; Application
62 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Influence of added nitrogen interactions in estimating
recovery efficiency of labeled nitrogen.
Rao, A.C.S.; Smith, J.L.; Papendick, R.I.; Parr, J.F.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Nov.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (6): p.
1616-1621; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Triticum aestivum; Agricultural
soils; Silt loam soils; Nitrogen; Use efficiency; Nutrient
uptake; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates; Carbon;
Organic compounds; Biomass; Soil flora; Carbon-nitrogen ratio;
Losses from soil systems; Clay fraction; Crop growth stage;
Immobilization; Mineralization; Denitrification; Dry matter
accumulation; Nutrient content; Temporal variation; Pot
experimentation; Isotope dilution; Analytical methods
Abstract: The addition of N fertilizer to soil has been shown
to stimulate the uptake of native soil N via a priming effect
recently termed added nitrogen interaction (ANI). This ANI,
due to pool substitution, can substantially affect the N-
recovery efficiency (NRE) by plants as calculated by the 15N
isotopic dilation technique. We evaluated NRE in a pot study
using 'Edwall' spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with three
soils (Palouse, a fine-silty, mixed, mesic Pachic Ultic
Haploxeroll; Ritzville, a coarse-silty, mixed, mesic
Calciorthidic Haploxeroll; and Shano, a coarse-silty, mixed
mesic Xerollic Camborthid) of varying organic C (OC) levels
and five levels of 15N-labeled fertilizer. Data obtained at 60
d after emergence (DAE) showed that NRE generally increased
with fertilizer additions, was lowest in the soil having the
greatest OC, and ranged from 57 to 79%. The NRE values
estimated by the isotopic method averaged 20% lower than those
estimated by the difference method, although the two estimates
were strongly related. Although the magnitude of ANI showed no
direct relationship to OC levels, it was strongly related to N
rates, OC, soil C/N ratio, and N lost, which together
explained 73% of the relationship. The magnitude of occurrence
of ANI appears to be influenced by several factors and thus
may be soil specific. Regression of NRE with soil properties
showed that NRE was influenced primarily by the same factors
that influenced ANI. This study suggests that, for accurate
comparisons of nitrogen recovery efficiency between soils or
treatments using the isotopic method or for comparing methods
of determining N-recovery efficiency, the role of added N
interaction must be considered.
63 NAL Call. No.: SD13.C35
The influence of phosphorus concentration and frequency of
fertilization on ectomycorrhizal development in containerized
black spruce and jack pine seedlings.
Browning, M.H.R.; Whitney, R.D.
Ottawa, Ont. : National Research Council of Canada; 1992 Sep.
Canadian journal of forest research; Revue canadienne de
recherche forestiere v. 22 (9): p. 1263-1270; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pinus banksiana; Picea mariana; Seedlings; Pot
plants; Container grown plants; Laccaria; Ectomycorrhizas;
Soil inoculation; Phosphorus fertilizers; Application rates;
Growth; Plant height; Weight; Frequency
Abstract: The growth response of jack pine (Pinus banksiana
Lamb.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.)
seedlings was tested in growth chambers at two levels of P,
with or without inoculation of the mycorrhizal fungus Laccaria
bicolor (Maire) Orton and with weekly or thrice-weekly
fertilizer application. While keeping N and K constant, an
increase of P from 1.5 to 7.2 mg per seedling severely reduced
formation of L bicolor ectomycorrhizae on both jack pine and
black spruce 17 weeks after inoculation. Inoculation of black
spruce with L bicolor was more successful (75%) than
inoculation of jack pine (35%). Inoculated black spruce
seedlings were 34% taller and 44% heavier than uninoculated
controls, but only at the low P level; they were also 39%
heavier and had more abundant L bicolor ectomycorrhizae (180%
of the weekly treatment) when fertilized thrice weekly than
with weekly fertilization that supplied the same total
nutrients. Dry weights of jack pine inoculated with L bicolor
were 26 and 33% larger than those of uninoculated seedlings at
high and low P levels, respectively. Fertilizing thrice weekly
also produced 23% larger dry weights of jack pine, but fewer
ectomycorrhizae were formed than with weekly fertilization
(65% of the weekly value). The results indicate that
inoculation of black spruce seedlings with L. bicolor will
produce larger seedlings, but only where low P fertilizer is
applied, preferably thrice weekly. Jack pine may benefit from
artificial inoculation with L. bicolor, especially in a higher
fertility growing medium.
64 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Input of fertilizer-derived labelled N to soil organic matter
during a growing season of maize in the field.
Balabane, M.; Balesdent, J.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Feb.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (2): p. 89-96; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: France; Zea mays; Nitrogen; Cycling; Soil organic
matter; Ammonium nitrate; Farm inputs; Seasonal growth; Crop
growth stage; Nutrient uptake; Immobilization; Soil flora;
Fractionation; Particle size; Sand fraction; Clay fraction;
Silt fraction; Plant analysis; Soil analysis; Nitrogen
content; Carbon; Roots; Soil depth; Spatial distribution;
Ammonium nitrogen; Nitrate nitrogen; Dry matter accumulation;
Carbon-nitrogen ratio; Crop residues
Abstract: Fertilizer N was applied as 15N-labelled ammonium
nitrate to a maize crop grown under field conditions in north-
western France. After labelled-N was supplied (in May), plant
and soil samples (to 80 cm depth) were collected at the 10-
leaf stage (in June), flowering (in August) and harvest (in
October). At harvest, applied N was recovered quantitatively
in the plant and soil system (100 +/- 6%): 71 +/- 4% in above-
ground plant parts, 26 +/- 3% in the soil organic phase and 3
+/- 3% as residual fertilizer in the soil. From mid-May to
late-June, microbial immobilization accounted to a large
extent for fertilizer N input to soil organic matter (20 kgN
ha-1). Recently-immobilized N in the topsoil (0-35 cm) was
associated mainly with the clay particle-size fraction: 47,
32, 17 and 4% with fine clay, coarse clay, silt and fine sand
fractions, respectively. From late-June to mid-August (when
maize displays its maximum root growth rate) another 20 kg
ha-1 of fertilizer N were incorporated as soil organic N. From
mid-August to the end of the growing season in October, no
significant variation in the amount of fertilizer-derived
organic N in the soil was recorded. Pathways of in situ input
of fertilizer N to soil organic matter were approached by
comparing soil organic N labelling with 13C natural labelling
of the same soil samples by maize C. Particle-size fractions
>200 micrometer incorporated labelled-N mainly through maize
underground biomass production. At harvest, 20% of the
fertilizer-derived organic N present in the soil was located
in these fractions as root material. Microbial immobilization
of fertilizer N, associated with native C, contributed largely
to the N-labelling of the < 50 micrometer fraction.
Fertilizer-derived organic N incorporated into this fine
fraction displayed a similar distribution, amongst clay and
silt subfractions, within each of the three growth periods.
Expressed on a whole-soil basis, fine clay <0.2 microgram and
fractions >200 micrometer w
65 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Iron status of crops in Prince Edward Island and effect of
soil pH on plant iron concentration.
Gupta, U.C.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 May.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 71 (2): p. 197-202; 1991
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Prince edward Island; Hordeum vulgare; Avena
sativa; Medicago sativa; Phleum pratense; Acid soils; Iron;
Plant nutrition; Soil ph; Nutrient content; Plant tissues;
Grain; Plant analysis; Nutrient availability; Iron
fertilizers; Foliar spraying; Soil treatment; Split dressings;
Broadcasting; Application rates; Mineral deficiencies
66 NAL Call. No.: 94.69 G29
Irrigation and nitrogen fertigation of old pecan trees.
Worley, R.E.; Daniel, J.W.; Dutcher, J.D.; Harrison, K.A.
Starkville, Miss. : The Association; 1990.
Proceedings of the annual convention - Southeastern Pecan
Growers Association (83): p. 29-35; 1990. Meeting held
February 25-27, 1990, Destin, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Carya illinoensis; Cultivars; Trees;
Trickle irrigation; Fertigation; Nitrogen fertilizers; Crop
yield; Application rates; Leaves; Plant analysis; Soil
analysis
67 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
Irrigation water salinity affects soil nutrient distribution,
root density, and leaf nutrient levels of citrus under drip
fertigation. Alva, A.K.; Syvertsen, J.P.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 14 (2): p. 715-727; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Citrus sinensis; Citrus sinensis x poncirus
trifoliata; Citrus aurantium; Mineral content; Nutrient
content; Leaves; Nutrient availability; Spatial distribution;
Fertigation; Soil; Irrigation water; Saline water; Root
systems; Foliar nutrition
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the
effects of irrigation water salinity on soil nutrient
distribution, citrus leaf nutrition and root density.
Irrigation water, salinized to an EC of about 0.3, 1.6, or 2.5
dS/m using a 3:1 ratio of NaCl:CaCl2 plus uniform weekly
applications of liquid fertilizer, was applied through a drip
system. Soil samples were taken at depths of 0-15 and 15-30
cm, both directly under the drippers and 45 cm outward from
the drippers, near 8-year old 'Valencia' orange trees on
either Carrizo citrange or Sour orange rootstocks growing in a
Candler fine sand in lysimeter tanks. In both undisturbed and
uniformly mixed soil profiles, soil pH and concentrations of
Na, Ca, and P were higher under the dripper than 45 cm outward
from the dripper at both depths regardless of salinity level.
Soil N and Cl tended to be higher outward from the drippers
than near the drippers, except in undisturbed soil at the 0-15
cm depth. Increasing salinity levels in the mixed soil profile
not only increased soil EC, Na, Cl, and Ca, but also increased
the concentration of P and decreased the concentration of Mg.
Root density of both rootstocks were increased by high
salinity. Root densities and organic matter percentages were
higher in soil sampled under drippers than that sampled
outward from drippers. Leaf nutritional values and responses
to salinity were dependent on rootstock as trees on sour
orange had higher K and Ca, but lower Mg and Cl than trees on
Carrizo. Although there were no nutrient deficiencies, K of
trees on Carrizo citrange and Mg of trees on sour orange were
reduced by high salinity. An increase in leaf Ca
concentrations when irrigated with salinized irrigation water
likely minimized the effects of salt stress.
68 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Leaf boron contents and bitter pit in apple.
Granelli, G.; Ughini, V.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 May. Acta horticulturae (274): p. 169-174; 1990 May.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Diagnosis
of Nutritional Status of Deciduous Fruit Orchards," August
25-28, 1989, Warsaw, Poland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Italy; Malus pumila; Soil analysis; Boron; Bitter
pit; Deficiency diseases
Abstract: Trials were carried out for 3 years in different
pedo-climatic environments of the Northern Italy by applying a
nitrogenous fertilizer containing boron (20.0.0 + 7B203) on
boron deficient soils. From this investigation, it was
possible to get out the influence of boron on bitter pit
incidence both at harvest and post storage of apples. In
particular, the investigations that concerned 11 apple
cultivars (Cooper 7SB2, Eden Spur, Golden Del., Granny Smith,
Hy Early, Nero Red Rome, Red Chief, Red Spur, Sali Spur,
Walter Wood and Wayne Spur) pointed out a bitter pit decrease
when boron was applied, but no clear and significant
relationships were observed between leaf and fruit boron
contents and bitter pit incidence.
69 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
Lime responses by barley as related to available soil
aluminium and manganese. Conyers, M.K.; Poile, G.J.; Cullis,
B.R.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization; 1991.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 42 (3): p.
379-390; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; Hordeum vulgare; Aluminum; Lime;
Application rates; Manganese; Phytotoxicity; Pot
experimentation; Soil acidity; Soil fertility; Soil ph;
Calcium chloride; Exchangeable cations; Yield response
functions; Crop yield; Dry matter
70 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Long-term effects of copper rich swine manure application o
continuous corn production.
Anderson, M.A.; McKenna, J.R.; Martens, D.C.; Donohue, S.J.;
Kornegay, E.T.; Lindemann, M.D.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22
(9/10): p. 993-1002; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Virginia; Zea mays; Pig manure; Copper; Copper
sulfate; Application to land; Crop yield; Long term
experiments; Soil analysis; Soil fertility; Soil ph; Clay loam
soils; Sandy loam soils; Silt loam soils; Waste disposal
71 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Maize root distribution between phosphorus-fertilized and
unfertilized soil. Zhang, J.; Barber, S.A.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 May.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (3): p. 819-822;
1992 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Roots; Growth; Spatial distribution;
Phosphorus fertilizers; Application rates; Placement; Nutrient
uptake; Nutrient availability
Abstract: Placement of P in a fraction of the soil volume
stimulates root growth in the P-fertilized soil. Previous
research on the degree of root proliferation as related to the
proportion of soil fertilized with P was conducted with soils
containing similar low levels of initial resin-exchangeable P,
Csi, and hence did not evaluate the influence of Csi on the
degree of root proliferation in a P-fertilized fraction of the
soil. These measurements were made as part of research to
determine the fractional volume of soil to fertilize with P to
maximize P uptake. The objective of this research was to
investigate the influence of initial soil Csi value and rate
of P added on root distribution between P-fertilized and
unfertilized soil when the P-fertilized volume is constant.
Pot experiments were conducted in a controlled-climate
facility where maize (Zea mays L.) was grown on three soils
varying in Csi levels and with three rates of applied P, from
50 to 300 mg kg-1, added to 0.20 of the volume of each soil.
Root density, cm cm-3, in the P-fertilized soil volume, RDF,
and a comparable 0.20 volume of unfertilized soil, RDU, was
measured and compared with Csi in the P-fertilized soil, CsiF,
and in the unfertilized soil, CsiU. There was a curvilinear
relation between CsiF/CsiU and RDF/RDU that was described by
the equation y = 1.20 + 2.74 log X (r2 = 0.97), where y is
RDF/RDU and X is CsiF/CsiU. Hence, as soil Csi level
increased, RDF/RDU decreased, and as rate of P applied
increased, RDF/RDU increased. The relation between CsiF/CsiU
and RDF/RDU can be used to predict root growth rates to use in
the fertilized and unfertilized soil when using a mechanistic
nutrient-uptake model to calculate the effect of P placement
on P uptake.
72 NAL Call. No.: S596.7.D4
The management of soil acidity for sustainable crop
production. Edwards, D.G.; Sharifuddin, H.A.H.; Yusoff,
M.N.M.; Grundon, N.J.; Shamshuddin, J.; Norhayati, M.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991.
Developments in plant and soil sciences v. 45: p. 383-396;
1991. In the series analytic: Plant-Soil Interactions at Low
pH / edited by R.J. Wright, V.C. Baligar and R.P. Murrmann.
Proceedings of the Second International Symposium, June 24-29,
1990, Beckley, West Virginia. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Malaysia; Acid soils; Soil management; Ultisols;
Oxisols; Tropical soils; Plant nutrition; Lime; Aluminum;
Magnesium; Calcium; Cropping systems; Economic analysis;
Hevea; Zea mays; Arachis hypogaea
Abstract: The Australian Centre for International
Agricultural Research (ACIAR) has funded a 4-year project to
develop sustainable food crop production systems on acid, low
fertility soils. Field trials were commenced in mid-1986 at
four sites in Malaysia to evaluate crop responses to
amelioration of acidity in three Ultisols and one Oxisol, and
to relate these responses to both solid and solution phase
soil chemistry. Ground magnesium limestone (GML) (21% Ca, 12%
Mg) was applied at rates up to 8 t per ha-1. The UPM trials
involved rotation cropping of groundnut and sweet corn, with
two crops per year. The RRIM trials involved these two crops
and grain corn, intercropped with young rubber trees for 2 to
3 years before canopy closure. Liming gave strong responses in
crop yield. Initial applications of 4 and 8 t per ha-1 were
effective after 3 years in the UPM trials. Yield responses of
all crops occurred up to the maximal rate of 2 t per ha-1 in
the RRIM trials. Rubber tree growth benefitted from the
intercropping and earlier commercial tapping has occurred.
Application of GML to groundnut and sweet corn was
economically viable, while earlier rubber tapping has further
economic benefits.
73 NAL Call. No.: 81 SO12
Mineral concentration of yellow squash responds to irrigation
method and fertilization management.
Clough, G.H.; Locascio, S.J.; Olson, S.M.
Alexandria, Va. : The Society; 1992 Sep.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science v.
117 (5): p. 725-729; 1992 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Cucurbita pepo; Irrigation systems;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers; Mulching; Plant
nutrition; Polyethylene film; Rotations; Site factors;
Squashes; Mineral content; Plant analysis
Abstract: Squash (Cucurbita pepo L. var. melopepo) was grown
at two locations with different soil types as a second crop in
a succession cropping study that used previously cropped
polyethylene-mulched beds. Squash was produced with drip or
overhead irrigation and with concurrent N-K fertilization or
residual fertilizer from the previous crop. Tissue mineral
concentration responses to irrigation method were variable; in
early fruit, N and K concentrations were higher with overhead
than for drip, but leaf Ca and Mg concentrations were higher
with drip than with overhead irrigation. Concentrations of N
and K were higher with concurrent than with residual
fertilization and increased with an increase in application
rate. In contrast, concentrations of P, Ca, and Mg decreased
with concurrent fertilization and an increase in application
rate.
74 NAL Call. No.: 80 J825
Mineral nutrient reserves in bearing litchi trees (Litchi
chinensis Sonn.). Menzel, C.M.; Haydon, G.F.; Simpson, D.R.
Ashford : Headley Brothers Ltd; 1992 Mar.
The Journal of horticultural science v. 67 (2): p. 149-160;
1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Litchi chinensis; Fruit trees; Developmental
stages; Panicles; Emergence; Plant analysis; Nutrient content;
Plant organs; Dry matter accumulation; Fruits; Nutrient
reserves; Fertilizers; Application date
75 NAL Call. No.: S631.F422
A model to predict crop response to applied fertilizer
nutrients in heterogeneous fields.
Cassman, K.G.; Plant, R.E.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Feb.
Fertilizer research : an international journal on fertilizer
use and technology v. 31 (2): p. 151-163; 1992 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Oryza sativa; Gossypium
hirsutum; Soil variability; Spatial variation; Nutritional
state; Soil fertility; Fertilizer requirement determination;
Nutrient availability; Use efficiency; Potassium fertilizers;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates; Placement;
Comparisons; Probabilistic models; Crop yield; Yield response
functions; Nitrogen; Nutrient uptake
Abstract: In this paper we develop a model to quantify
spatial variability in indigenous soil nutrient supply and
assess the impact of this heterogeneity on fertilizer use
efficiency with uniform or site-specific nutrient application.
Utilizing field data for wheat and rice response to applied N
and cotton response to applied K, the model predicts that the
magnitude of the difference in the nutrient input requirement
of a heterogeneous field for site-specific versus uniform
nutrient application depends on (1) a curvilinear crop
response to nutrient supply and the mathematical form of the
response function, (2) the degree and spatial distribution of
the nonuniformity in native soil-nutrient supply as quantified
by its variance and skewness, (3) the targeted yield level,
and (4) the effectiveness of fertilizer-nutrient addition,
quantified by the slope of the relationship between the net
increase in actual nutrient supply available to the crop and
the quantity of applied nutrient.
76 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
Morphological, temporal, and nodal accumulation of nutrients
by determinate soybean.
Sadler, E.J.; Karlen, D.L.; Sojka, R.E.; Scott, H.D.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 14 (8): p. 775-807; 1991.
Includes statistical data. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Nutrient uptake; Nutrient content;
Mineral content; Nitrogen content; Stems; Leaves; Petioles;
Pods; Internodes; Dry matter accumulation; Temporal variation;
Crop growth stage
Abstract: Crop growth models that account for nutrient
accumulation offer insight into soil fertility and plant
nutrition interactions. This understanding provides
opportunities to develop improved management practices. During
the 1980s, several process-level growth models were developed
for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Model validation and
application to different locations and weather require
detailed, independent data sets. An extensive data set
describing the nutrient status of a determinate soybean
('Bragg') was collected in 1979 on a Goldsboro (Aquic
Paleudult) loamy sand near Florence, SC, USA. Because of its
importance to subsequent model development, we concluded that
providing this entire data set in a readily accessible form
was a logical step in the course of this experiment. We report
here, in tabular form, mean and standard deviation data for
aerial accumulation of dry matter and eight nutrients (N, P,
K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn) for 10 dates, for four plant
components (stems, leaves, petioles, pods, and total), and for
each node (and whole plant). We will provide, upon
arrangement, these same data on diskette for use in simulation
models or other applications.
77 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Mycorrhizal effects on interspecific plant competition and
nitrogen transfer in legume-grass mixtures.
Hamel, C.; Furlan, V.; Smith, D.L.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1992 Jul.
Crop science v. 32 (4): p. 991-996; 1992 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Canada; Medicago sativa; Bromus inermis; Phleum
pratense; Crop mixtures; Components; Interactions; Soil
inoculation; Glomus intraradices; Phosphorus fertilizers;
Plant composition; Nitrogen content; Transfer; Phosphorus;
Concentration; Crop yield; Nutrient balance
Abstract: Mycorrhizal fungi may play a role in the
interactions between components of legume-grass mixed swards
by their enhancing effect on plant P uptake and on legume N2-
fixation rate. The effects of mycorrhizal fungi on
interspecific plant interactions and N transfer from legume to
grass were studied in two legume-grass forage mixtures grown
under three P fertilization regimes. In two experiments, one
involving an alfalfa-bromegrass (Medicago sativa L.-Bromus
inermis Leyss.) mixture and the other, an alfalfa-timothy
(Phleum pratense L.) mixture, plants were inoculated or not
with Glomus intraradix and fertilized with 0, 14.2 or 28 kg P
ha-1. Phosphorus fertilization sometimes increased plant
tissue P concentration, especially in timothy, but it never
affected grass/legume biomass ratios. The effects of the
mycorrhizal fungus were seasonal and were most evident in the
August harvests, when mycorrhizal inoculation increased the
yield of alfalfa at the expense of bromegrass or timothy,
reducing the grass/legume dry mass ratio in both mixtures.
Transfer of 15N from legume to grass was demonstrated, but
this transfer was not enhanced by mycorrhizal colonization of
plants. Mycorrhizal colonization increased P accumulation in
the alfalfa components of the mixtures (33% with bromegrass
and 17% with timothy); however, P concentrations in the legume
biomass were above the P sufficiency level in nonmycorrhizal
plants and were not increased by mycorrhizal colonization.
Therefore, the seasonal increase in alfalfa yield at the
expense of the grass was apparently not caused by enhancement
of P uptake by mycorrhizal colonization. Diagnosis and
Recommendation integrated System (DRIS) indices calculated
from a complete nutrient analysis of the tissue revealed that
the beneficial effect of mycorrhiza on alfalfa production was
associated with a better nutrient balance (mainly Ca and Mg)
of the plants.
78 NAL Call. No.: QH548.S9
Mycorrhiza-mediated nutrient distribution between associated
soybean and corn plants evaluated by the diagnosis and
recommendation integrated system (DRIS). Brown, M.S.; Ferrera-
Cerrato, R.; Bethlenfalvay, G.J.
Rehovot, Israel : Balaban Publishers; 1992.
Symbiosis v. 12 (1): p. 83-94; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Glycine max; Glomus mosseae;
Bradyrhizobium japonicum; Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas;
Nutrient uptake; Nutrient transport; Nitrogen fixation;
Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium; Photosynthates; Nitrogen
content; Mineral content; Roots; Hyphae; Root nodules;
Nutrient content
79 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
N, P, and K rates and leaf tissue standards for optimum
Anthurium andraeanum flower production.
Higaki, T.; Imamura, J.S.; Paull, R.E.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1992 Aug. HortScience v. 27 (8): p. 909-912; 1992 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hawaii; Anthurium; Crop production; Npk
fertilizers; Application rates; Flowering; Plant nutrition;
Fertilizer requirement determination
Abstract: The optimum fertilizer levels of N, P, and K for
flower production of field-grown Anthurium andraeanum Andre in
Hawaii were determined. Applications were at 0, 224, and 448
kg.ha-1.year-1 with all combinations of each nutrient level.
Optimum flower production was achieved at 312N-448P-375K
kg.ha-1.year-1. Increased N and K application resulted in a
linear increase in flower size. Flower stem length also
increased with increasing N, P, and K rates. Maximum flower
yield occurred when leaf-tissue levels were 1.87% N, 0.17% P,
and 2.07% K. Flower stem length and flower size were at their
maximum with leaf N at 1.59% and 1.67% and K at 2.20% and
1.86%, respectively. No relationship was observed between leaf
percent P, flower size, or stem length. A range of leaf-tissue
levels associated with optimum anthurium flower production was
determined for Ca, Mg, B, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mo.
80 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Nitrogen concentration of young corn plants as an indicator of
nitrogen availability.
Binford, G.D.; Blackmer, A.M.; Cerrato, M.E.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 84 (2): p. 219-223; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Seedlings; Nitrogen content;
Plant composition; Plant analysis; Prediction; Nutrient
availability; Nitrogen; Soil fertility; Nutrient uptake;
Nitrogen fertilizers
Abstract: Soil tests for evaluating the N status of
cornfields in late spring show promise as a tool for improving
N management during corn production. An alternative tool for
evaluating N status is tissue testing, which offers the
potential advantages of easier sampling and better integration
of factors that influence N availability. Here we evaluate
total N concentrations of whole corn (Zea mays L.) plants in
late spring as an indicator of N availability in cornfields.
Studies were conducted at 14 site-years in Iowa during 1986,
1987, 1988, and 1989. Whole plant samples were taken when corn
was 15 to 30 cm tall. Total N concentrations in these plants
were determined. Relationships between concentrations of N in
young plants and fertilizer N applied were not consistent
across the 14 site-years. The concentrations of N in young
plants were poor predictors of soil NO3 concentrations in
situations where good relationships between soil NO3
concentrations and grain yields occurred. The tissue test
could not detect excessive amounts of NO3 in soils.
Concentrations of N in young plants were greatly influenced by
factors having relatively little effect on final yields.
Overall, the results show that a tissue test based on the
concentrations of N in young plants would not be a reliable
indicator or the N availability in cornfields.
81 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Nitrogen fertilizer and dairy manure effects of corn yield and
soil nitrate. Jokela, W.E.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Jan.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (1): p. 148-154;
1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vermont; Zea mays; Sandy loam soils; Cattle
manure; Dairy cattle; Ammonium nitrate; Nitrogen; Nutrient
sources; Application rates; Application date; Crop growth
stage; Crop yield; Dry matter accumulation; Grain; Maize
silage; Nutrient uptake; Nutrient availability; Soil analysis;
Nitrate; Nutrient content; Losses from soil systems; Nitrate
nitrogen; Soil solution; Soil depth; Seasonal variation;
Precipitation
Abstract: Manure from livestock is an important source of N
for crop production in many areas, but efficient management of
manure is critical to improve the economics of manure use and
to minimize the impact on water quality. A field study was
conducted on an Enosburg fine sandy loam (sandy over loamy,
mixed, nonacid, mesic Mollic Haplaquent) in northwestern
Vermont to evaluate the effect of dairy-manure and N-
fertilizer application on corn (Zea mays L.) yields and soil
profile NO3 in a silage production system. Treatments
consisted or a factorial arrangement of manure (0 and 9 Mg
ha-1, dry-matter basis), N rate (56 and 112 kg ha-1 as
NH4NO3), and time of N application (planting or six-leaf
stage), as well as 0 and 168 kg N ha-1 rate at planting (with
and without manure). Yields and N uptake were increased by N
fertilizer and by manure. Without manure, grain and silage
yields were increased by fertilizer N to the 112 kg ha-1 rate
in all years; with manure, N fertilizer did not increase
yields significantly. Time of application had little or no
effect on yield. Plant uptake of N followed a similar pattern
but with somewhat wore pronounced effects. A presidedress soil
reflected N availability, as indicated relative yields. Manure
application rates were equivalent, in terms of yield response,
to 73 to 122 kg fertilizer N ha-1 in individual years, which
represented 27 to 44% of the total manure N in the year of
application. Sampling of the 1.5-m soil profile before
planting and after harvest showed increases in soil NO3 that
were related to the amounts of manure and fertilizer N
applied. Some decreases in NO3 were measured from fall to
spring sampling times, but net losses were minimal where < 60
kg ha-1 NO3-N was present in the fall. Application of manure
resulted in similar or slightly lower soil profile NO3 than
agronomincally equivalent rates of fertilizer N.
82 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, and boron fertilization of
canola. Bullock, D.G.; Sawyer, J.E.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 550-555; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Brassica napus; Brassica campestris;
Silt loam soils; Fertilizer requirement determination;
Nitrogen; Boron; Potassium; Sulfur; Nutrient requirements;
Plant analysis; Plant tissues; Nutrient content; Crop yield;
Grain; Application rates; Vegetation; Dry matter; Weight;
Moisture content; Maturation; Temporal variation; Economic
analysis; Optimization
83 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Nitrogen rate and placement for grain sorghum production in
no-tillage systems.
Lamond, R.E.; Whitney, D.A.; Hickman, J.S.; Bonczkowski, L.C.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 531-535; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Sorghum bicolor; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Nitrogen; Crop management; No-tillage; Crop
residues; Urea ammonium nitrate; Ammonium thiosulfate;
Application rates; Broadcasting; Band placement; Soil
injection; Crop yield; Grain; Leaves; Plant analysis; Nutrient
content; Use efficiency; Soil conservation; Conservation
tillage
84 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
Nitrogenase divarication with histological attributes
distinctive for glycosylated aerial stem nodules and
nitrosylated root nodules of Sesbania. Lynd, J.Q.; Ansman,
T.R.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 15 (3): p. 275-292; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sesbania; Rhizobium; Rhizobiaceae; Root nodules;
Stem nodules; Nitrogenase; Enzyme activity; Nitrogen fixation;
Nodulation; Nutrient availability; Phosphorus; Potassium;
Calcium; Plant histology; Acetylene reduction; Dry matter
accumulation; Chemical composition
Abstract: Exceptional symbiotic nitrogen fixation with
Sesbania has provided high soil fertility for many past
centuries of paddy rice production. Unique stem nodulation
results in high nitrogenase activity levels of S. rostrata,
Brem. during rapid growth in continuously flooded rice fields
that greatly disfavor legume root nodulation and this
functional development. The objective of this study was to
determine plant nutrient interactions that influence
contrasting root and aerial stem nodule histology governing
effective nitrogenase activity levels and nitrogen fixation.
Top growth, nodulation, and nitrogenase activity levels were
significantly increased with increased available soil P.
Response to K levels and Ca additions resulted only when soil
P was adequate in all treatment combinations. However, there
was no significant correlation between fresh nodule weight,
nitrogenase activity, and nodules per plant for both root
nodules and aerial stem nodules. Nodule histology was highly
contrastive with nodule type and Rhizobium morphology, cytosol
composition, and governing enzyme activity levels. Distinctive
nonpleomorphic cocci bacteroids of functional aerial stem
nodules have tentative designation as Azorhizobium caulinodans
gen. nov. sp. nov.
85 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 ID13IDC
Northern Idaho fertilizer guide: northern Idaho lawns.
Parker-Clark, V.J.; Mahler, R.L.
Moscow, Idaho : The Service; 1992 Jan.
Current information series - Cooperative Extension Service,
University of Idaho (911): 4 p.; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Lawns and turf; Fertilizers; Nitrogen;
Phosphorus; Potassium; Sulfur; Soil testing; Application rates
86 NAL Call. No.: SD118.N6 1988
Nutritional diagnoses in loblolly pine stands using a DRIS
approach. Hockman, J.N.; Allen, H.L.
Vancouver : Forestry Publications, Faculty of Forestry,
University of British Columbia; 1990.
Sustained productivity of forest soils / edited by S.P. Gessel
... [et. al.].. p. 500-514; 1990. Proceedings of the 7th
North American Forest Soils Conference, July 24-28, 1988,
Vancouver, British Columbia. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pinus taeda; Nutrient availability; Foliar
diagnosis
87 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Nutritional requirement of sweet cherries.
Ystaas, J.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 May. Acta horticulturae (274): p. 521-526; 1990 May.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Diagnosis
of Nutritional Status of Deciduous Fruit Orchards," August
25-28, 1989, Warsaw, Poland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Norway; Prunus avium; Fertilizers; Application
rates; Loam soils; Sandy soils; Leaves; Nutrient content;
Yield response functions; Long term experiments
Abstract: In a long term experiment with 'Van' sweet cherries
covering 15 years the application of 3 rats of K and Ca at 2
levels of N on a loamy sand high in organic matter (7&) was
studied. Annual application of 116 kg N ha-1 significantly
increased tree size and yield. No significant effect of K
application was found as the release of nonexchangeable K in
the soil was sufficient to meet the K demand of the trees
receiving no K fertilizer. The application of 5000 kg ground
limestone ha-1 significantly reduced fruit size. It is
concluded that in order to keep the leaf major nutrients
within the optimal range sweet cheeries have a requirement of
110 kg N and 80 kg K ha-1 to produce a satisfactory crop.
Application of 2500 kg limestone ha-1 every 5th year will be a
safeguard against soil acidification and provide adequate
supply of exchangeable Ca within a favourable pH regime of
5.5-6.5.
88 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Oak influence on nutrient availability in pine forests of
central Arizona. Klemmedson, J.O.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Jan.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (1): p. 248-253;
1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Quercus gambelii; Pinus ponderosa;
Hordeum vulgare; Nutrient availability; Soil fertility; Crop
yield; Bioassays; Forest soils; Plant interaction; Nitrogen;
Potassium; Phosphorus; Sulfur; Regression analysis
Abstract: Existing evidence suggests that Gambel oak (Quercus
gambelii Nutt.) improves soil fertility of the ponderosa pine
(Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) forest of central Arizona.
Greenhouse bioassays were conducted to determine if Gambel oak
also influences nutrient availability in the 0- to 15-cm
mineral soil layer. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cu. Gustoe) and
pine seedlings were grown to estimate availability of N, P, K,
and S in soils from 15 pine stands with basal area of oak
varying from 0 to 62% of the total basal area, but equivalent
in all other site factors. Without supplemental nutrients,
barley yield from soils with 50% oak was three times greater
than from those with no oak. With addition of N, P, K, and S,
barley yield increased 370% on soils without oak, but only a
50% yield increase occurred on soils from stands with 50% oak.
Regression analysis of barley yields for each nutrient
revealed that availabilities of N and S were significantly
related to amount of oak present. Availabilities of P and K
were not related to oak presence. The bioassay with pine
seedlings confirmed that oak positively influenced N supply.
This test, however, showed no effect on S supply. Contrasting
results for barley and pine tests are attributed to greater
sensitivity of barley and high variance in the pine test.
89 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Pear seedling response to phosphorus in a phosphorus-fixing
soil. Gardiner, D.T.; Christensen, N.W.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22
(15/16): p. 1597-1603; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oregon; Pyrus communis; Seedlings; Volcanic
soils; Fixation; Phosphorus; Nutrient requirements; Fertilizer
requirement determination; Soil testing; Soil test values;
Sorption isotherms; Soil solution; Nutrient availability;
Nutrient uptake; Plant height; Dry matter accumulation; Anion
exchange; Solubility; Extraction; Sodium carbonate; Fluorine;
Calcium phosphate; Application rates; Calcium; Nutrient
deficiencies; Sorption; Growth
90 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Pearl millet growth as affected by phosphorus and water.
Payne, W.A.; Lascano, R.J.; Hossner, L.R.; Wendt, C.W.; Onken,
A.B. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Nov.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (6): p. 942-948; 1991 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pennisetum Americanum; Growth rate; Phosphorus
fertilizers; Application rates; Water stress; Soil water
content; Dry matter accumulation; Net assimilation rate;
Growth analysis; Semiarid climate; Water supply; Soil
fertility; Semiarid soils; Sandy soils; Acid soils
Abstract: The interaction of soil water and phosphorus supply
is of paramount importance to pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum
(L.) R. Br.] growth in Sahelian Africa due to unreliable
rainfall and low soil phosphorus availability. This study was
conducted to quantify the growth response of pearl millet to
water supply and phosphorus under conditions analogous to the
Sahel in terms of climate and soil. Millet was grown for 84 d
in pots containing 85 kg of Betis sand (sandy, silicious,
thermic Psammentic Paleustalf) at a semiarid location near
Lubbock, TX, and harvested at regular intervals. Pots were
treated with four levels of applied phosphorus (0.00, 1.15,
3.38, and 7.77 g phosphorus m(-2) and two water levels (water
stressed and non-water stressed). Whole plant biomass at final
harvest increased within the non-water stressed treatment from
145 g per pot in the 0.00 g phosphorus m(-2) level to 626 g
per pot in the 7.77 g phosphorus m(-2) level, and from 64 to
220 g per pot within the water stressed treatments. Analysis
of variance showed highly significant statistical interaction
between water and phosphorus level during most of the
experiment. Maximum whole plant production rates for non-water
stressed plants occurred between 42 and 58 days after
emergence (DAE), increasing from 5.0 g d(-1) in the 0.00 g
phosphorus m(-2) level to 18.5 g d(-1) in the 7.77 g
phosphorus m(-2) level, and between 28 and 42 DAE for water
stressed plants, increasing from 1.3 g d(-1) to 8.5 g d(-1).
Growth rates of plant organs also increased with phosphorus
level irrespective of water level. Our study quantifies the
strong influence and interaction of phosphorus and water
supply on pearl millet growth and development in Sahel-like
environments, and demonstrates that water supply under such
conditions cannot be effectively managed for pearl millet
production without addressing soil fertility constraints.
91 NAL Call. No.: 75.8 P842
Petiole nitrate content of Maine-grown Russet Burbank and
Shepody potatoes in response to varying nitrogen rate.
Porter, G.A.; Sisson, J.A.
Orono, Me. : Potato Association of America; 1991 Aug.
American potato journal v. 68 (8): p. 493-505; 1991 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maine; Solanum tuberosum; Cultivars; Varietal
reactions; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates; Rotations;
Avena sativa; Trifolium pratense; Nutrient uptake; Nitrate
nitrogen; Plant analysis; Petioles; Plant composition; Crop
growth stage; Maturity stage; Crop yield; Tubers; Fertilizer
requirement determination
92 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Phosphate fertilizer compounds in soils: their influence on
the relationship between plant yield and soil test value.
Kumar, V.; Gilkes, R.J.; Bolland, M.D.A.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23
(13/14): p. 1461-1477; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Lateritic soils; Phosphorus
fertilizers; Sources; Application rates; Phosphorus; Soil test
values; Dry matter accumulation; Correlation; Crop yield
93 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Phosphate penetration in field soils.
Stephenson, R.E.; Chapman, H.D.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1931 Oct.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 23 (10): p.
759-770; 1931 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Citrus; Soil fertility; Fertilizers;
Phosphorus fertilizers; Fertilizer analysis; Penetration
Abstract: Water and acid extracts of soils which had received
from 1 to 30 or more annual applications of a phosphate-
carrying fertilizer compared with similar soils which had not
received phosphate showed appreciable penetration of the
phosphate below the surface foot in light- to medium-textured
soils. Little or no penetration was found to have taken place
in very heavy soils. There are indications that a more rapid
penetration of phosphorus is effected through a few heavy
applications of phosphorus rather than more numerous lighter
doses. Comparisons of the relative penetration of phosphate
from bone meal, superphosphate, and manure disclosed several
important results. After 22 annual applications there was no
evidence of phosphate penetration below 12 inches in plats
receiving bone meal, as compared with marked penetration in
plats receiving superphosphate and manure. There are
indications that the phosphorus in manure moves readily
through the soil or else some effect of organic matter
facilitates the more rapid penetration of phosphorus. In
nearly all of the soils receiving phosphate over a period of
years there has been a marked accumulation in the surface 6 to
12 inches.
94 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Phosphate rocks compacted with superphosphates vs. partially
acidulated rocks for bean and rice.
Menon, R.G.; Chien, S.H.; Gadalla, A.N.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Sep.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (5): p.
1480-1484; 1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Colombia; Bolivia; Oryza sativa; Phaseolus
vulgaris; Silt loam soils; Acid soils; Rock phosphate;
Acidulated phosphates; Acidulation; Triple superphosphate;
Compaction; Pellets; Use efficiency; Pot experimentation;
Nutrient uptake; Nutrient sources; Nutrient availability; Crop
production; Grain; Crop yield; Biomass production; Growth; Dry
matter accumulation; Beans; Rice straw; Chemical composition;
Statistical analysis; Iron oxides; Aluminum oxide
Abstract: Phosphate rocks (PR), which have low reactivity and
contain large amounts of Fe and Al oxides, may be both
ineffective as direct-application fertilizers and unsuitable
for partial acidulation. Such PRs can be made more effective
by mixing them with soluble phosphates and compressing the
mixture into pellets. The agronomic effectiveness of such
pelletized mixtures was compared with that of partially
acidulated phosphate rocks (PAPR), in pot trials with upland
rice (Oryza sativa L.) and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
as indicator crops. Capinota PR, (CPR) which is low in
reactivity and contains 8.8% Fe2O3 + Al2O3, and moderately
reactive Huila PR (HPR), with 2.3% Fe2O3 + Al2O3, were mixed
with triple superphosphate (TSP) to provide 50% of the total P
in water-soluble form in the mixture. The mixtures were then
compacted into pellets. A Hartsells silt loam (fine-loamy,
siliceous, thermic Typic Hapludult, pH 4.5) was =W in the
study. With TSP as the standard (assuming 100% effectiveness%
pelletizing it with CPR increased the CPR's relative
effectiveness from 43% before treatment to 80% after for rice
grain production and from 51% before treatment to 92% after
for bean biomass yield. Likewise, P uptake by rice increased
from 47 to 79% and uptake by beans from 51% to 92% of that of
TSP for CPR compacted with TSP. The moderately reactive HPR,
low in Fe2O3 + Al2O3, the Huila PAPR (HPAPR), and the
compacted HPR pus TSP were 83 to 86% as effective as TSP in
increasing grain yield of rice add 75 to 81% as effective in
promoting P uptake. For bean, the relative effectiveness of
HPR, HPAPR, and compacted HPR plus TSP was 88 to 95% for
biomass yield and 80 to 88% for P uptake. This study confirms
that, for some PRs that have low reactivity and high Fe2O3 +
Al2O3 contents, compaction with soluble P fertilizers is
agronomically more effective than partial acidulation.
95 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Plant availability of Zn fractions in Saskatchewan soils.
Liang, J.; Karamanos, R.E.; Stewart, J.W.B.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 Nov.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 71 (4): p. 507-517; 1991
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Phaseolus vulgaris; Medicago
sativa; Prairie soils; Zinc; Nutrient availability; Soil ph;
Physicochemical properties; Nutrient uptake; Zinc fertilizers;
Application rates; Spatial distribution; Dry matter
accumulation; Nutrient content; Plant analysis; Soil analysis;
Fractionation; Extraction; Crop growth stage
96 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Population dynamics of soybean insect pests vs. soil nutrient
levels. Funderburk, J.E.; Teare, I.D.; Rhoads, F.M.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1991 Nov.
Crop science v. 31 (6): p. 1629-1633; 1991 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Population dynamics; Nezara
viridula; Anticarsia gemmatalis; Larvae; Adults; Nymphs;
Population density; Soil fertility; Phosphorus; Potassium;
Magnesium; Application rates; Phosphorus fertilizers;
Potassium fertilizers; Magnesium fertilizers; Crop yield;
Seeds; Insect control; Cultural control
Abstract: The use of fertilizers can influence crop injury
from arthropod pests through alterations in crop growth or
nutritional levels of plants parts. The objective of this
field study was to determine the effect of soil nutrient
levels on population dynamics (population density and cycles)
of larval velvetbean caterpillars (VBC), Anticarsia gemmatalis
(Hubner), and nymphal and adult southern green stink bugs
(SGSB), Nezara viridula (L.), in relation to physiological
development (V4 to R6) and yield of soybean, Glycine max (L.)
Merr. 'Braxton' soybean was grown on a Norfolk loamy sand
(fine, loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudult) during 1986
and 1987. Soil nutrient variables were four levels of P and
three levels of K and Mg. Insecticides were not applied at any
time during the experiment. Orthogonal comparisons were used
to separate the effects of P, K, and Mg levels. The higher
soil levels of P and K increased seed yields of each year.
Yield results were not affected by Mg levels. Population
densities of larval VBC at the higher levels of P were greater
than at the lower levels of P. Population densities of VBC
were increased by K in 1987, but not in 1986. Magnesium levels
did not affect VBC either year. Adult populations of SGSB
invaded and began reproducing at R4, but data are not shown
due to poor precision of sample estimates resulting from a
typical clumped dispersion pattern. Population density
estimates of nymphal SGSB were greater at the higher P levels
in 1986 when populations were very great, but not in 1987 when
populations remained low. Population density estimates of
nymphal SGSB were not affected by K or Mg. These findings
should aid in implementation of cultural control strategies
for these major pests of soybean in the southeastern USA.
97 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Potassium in two humid tropical Ultisols under a corn and
soybean cropping system. I. Management.
Cox, F.R.; Uribe, E.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 May23.
Agronomy journal v. 84 (3): p. 480-484; 1992 May23. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Peru; Zea mays; Glycine max; Soil chemistry;
Plant analysis; Potassium; Potassium fertilizers; Ultisols;
Application rates; Cropping systems; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Crop yield; Humid tropics
Abstract: Sub-optimum soil K levels often limit corn (Zea
mays L.) and soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] production in
humid tropical Ultisols. The objectives of this study were to
determine soil and plant critical levels of K and optimum
rates of K fertilization for corn and soybean grown in the
Amazon Basin of Peru. Two field experiments were conducted on
Typic Paleudults, a loam and a sandy loam. Five K rates,
ranging from 0 to 120 kg ha-1, were broadcast and incorporated
prior to planting the first crop of a corn, corn, soybean
rotation at both sites. At the loam site, K treatments were
reapplied at the end of this rotation and three more corn
crops grown. The corn stover was returned while the soybean
stover was removed. Critical exchangeable K levels for corn
were 110 kg ha-1 on the loam and 90 kg ha-1 on the sandy loam,
while for soybean it was 75 kg ha-1 for both soils. The
critical levels of K in plant tissue at flowering were 13 g
kg-1 in corn and 12 g kg-1 in soybean. Soybean seemed to lower
exchangeable K to where K was released from non-exchangeable
sources. An annual cropping system of corn and soybean with an
intervening cover crop during the rainy season is proposed for
the region. Potassium fertilization is recommended only prior
to growing corn at kg ha-1 on a loam and 60 kg ha-1 on a sandy
loam.
98 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Preliminary DRIS diagnostic norms for pecan.
Beverly, R.B.; Worley, R.E.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1992 Mar. HortScience v. 27 (3): p. 271; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Carya illinoensis; Integrated systems; Plant
nutrition
99 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Preliminary M-DRIS norms for soybean seeds.
Hallmark, W.B.; Shuman, L.M.; Wilson, D.O.; Morris, H.F.;
Adams, J.F.; Dabney, S.E.; Hanson, R.G.; Gettier, S.W.; Wall,
D.A.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23
(17/20): p. 2399-2413; 1992. In the Special Issue:
International symposium on soil testing and plant analysis in
the global community. Paper presented at the second
international symposium, August 22-27, 1991, Orlando, Florida.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Soybeans; Seeds; Plant analysis;
Comparisons; Nutrient content; Nutritional state; Nutrient
deficiencies; Dris
100 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Preliminary nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and
magnesium dris norms and indices for apple orchards in
Canterbury, New Zealand. Goh, K.M.; Malakouti, M.J.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23
(13/14): p. 1371-1385; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Zealand; Malus; Cultivars; Orchards; Nutrient
requirements; Plant analysis; Nutrient content; Leaves;
Diagnosis; Fertilizer requirement determination
101 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Prescient diagnostic analysis shows sufficiency range approach
superior to DRIS for citrus.
Beverly, R.B.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23
(17/20): p. 2641-2649; 1992. In the Special Issue:
International symposium on soil testing and plant analysis in
the global community. Paper presented at the second
international symposium, August 22-27, 1991, Orlando, Florida.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Citrus sinensis; Plant nutrition; Nutrient
deficiencies; Diagnostic techniques; Comparisons; Accuracy
102 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Rapid production methods for Ottawa-3 rootstock and branched
apple nursery stock.
Hogue, E.J.; Neilsen, D.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1991 Nov. HortScience v. 26 (11): p. 1416-1419; 1991 Nov.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Malus pumila; Rootstocks; Planting stock;
Cuttings; Tissue culture; Vegetative propagation;
Micropropagation; Comparisons; Nutrient solutions; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Phosphorus fertilizers; Growth rate; Application
rates
Abstract: A system for the rapid production of Ottawa-3 (O.3)
rootstock (Malus domestica Borkh.) and branched apple nursery
stock in the greenhouse is described. The time required for
production of a finished tree, approximately 1 year, compared
favorably with traditional methods. Cuttings derived from
tissue-cultured O.3 rootstocks rooted well (up to 94% success
rate), and the rooting effect persisted in cuttings from
tissue-cultured rootstocks grown for 1 year in the field. All
combinations of two levels of N and P in a Long Ashton
nutrient solution were applied weekly to pots containing
either tissue-cultured rootstocks or cuttings. The growth rate
of tissue-cultured rootstocks exceeded that of cuttings. The
growth rate of both sources of rootstocks increased in
response to added P and N. Growth of scion shoots ('Royal
Gala') increased in response to N. Branch production of 'Royal
Gala' was greater for trees with the higher P and N rates.
Trees on tissue-cultured rootstocks had more branches than
those on cutting-derived rootstocks at the higher level of N.
103 NAL Call. No.: 100 M693 (1) no.404
Rapid soil tests for estimating the fertility needs of
Missouri soils. Baver, Leonard David,; Bruner, F. H.
Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri, College of
Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station,; 1939.
15 p. ; 23 cm. (Bulletin (University of Missouri. Agricultural
Experiment Station) ; 404.). Cover title. Includes
bibliographical references.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Soil fertility; Soils
104 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Recent changes in phosphorus and potassium fertilizer
recommendations for tomato, pepper, muskmelon, watermelon, and
snapbean in Florida. Hanlon, E.A.; Hochmuth, G.J.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23
(17/20): p. 2651-2665; 1992. In the Special Issue:
International symposium on soil testing and plant analysis in
the global community. Paper presented at the second
international symposium, August 22-27, 1991, Orlando, Florida.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Lycopersicon esculentum; Capsicum
annuum; Citrullus lanatus; Cucumis melo; Phaseolus vulgaris;
Fertilizer requirement determination; Soil testing;
Calibration
105 NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6
Red spruce response to ozone and cloudwater after three years
exposure. Thornton, F.C.; Pier, P.A.; McDuffie, C. Jr
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Apr.
Journal of environmental quality v. 21 (2): p. 196-202; 1992
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Virginia; Picea rubens; Ozone; Air pollution;
Acid deposition; Clouds; Mists; Photosynthesis; Respiration;
Chlorophyll; Carotenoids; Conifer needles; Nutrient content;
Seedlings; Plant height; Dry matter accumulation; Growth
chambers; Nitrogen content; Mountains; Mountain forests
Abstract: This study reports on the results of a 3-yr study
conducted at a high elevation site in the southern
Appalachians to determine if cloudwater and ozone (O3)
adversely effect the growth of red spruce seedlings (Picea
rubens Sarg.). Field chambers were established at Whitetop
Mountain, VA (elevation 1689 m), in 1988. Three replicate
chamber treatments were constructed to produce the following
treatments: (i) exclusion of clouds and O3 (COE), (ii) ambient
O3 with clouds removed (CE), and (iii) exposure to both clouds
and O3 (CC). Ambient air plots (AA) were also included in
order to assess possible chamber effects. Potted native
seedlings from the surrounding forest and seedlings grown from
seed collected in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSM
seedings) were used in the study. After 3 yr, seedlings were
impacted little by the reduction in pollution levels within
the CE and COE chambers. No differences in seedling diameter
growth were found for either seedling type, and height growth
differences that were detected indicated more height growth in
treatments with ambient O3 and cloudwater. Minimal biomass
effects were also found. Increased nutrient leaching of needle
Ca and Mg was observed in cloudwater treatments, but needle
concentrations were not reduced to deficiency levels. Removal
of both cloudwater and O3 (COE) did not enhance photosynthesis
(Ps) rates for native or GSM seedlings. However, Ps of
seedlings in which only cloudwater was removed (CE) was lower
in 1-yr-old needles (C + 1) of native and GSM seedlings, and
in 2-yr-old needles (C + 2) of native seedlings. These lower
Ps rates of CE seedlings were correlated with lower needle N
concentrations, indicating that cloudwater NO3(-1) and NH4(+1)
may have provided a fertilizer effect within AA and CC
treatments. Respiration of current year needles of native
seedlings was not affected by treatments; however, respiration
was lower in older needles (C + 1 and C + 2) in which O3 and
cloudwater were removed (
106 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
The relations among fertilizer treatment, soil moisture,
organic matter, and yield of vegetable crops.
Mack, W.B.; Tuttle, A.P.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1932 Mar.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 24 (3): p.
182-202; 1932 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vegetables; Soil analysis; Fertilizers; Soil
water; Soil organic matter; Crop yield
Abstract: The foregoing discussion deals with the relations
between fertilizer treatment, soil moisture, organic matter,
and crop yields. The data on which the discussions are based
are the measurements of soil moisture percentage on certain
plats at various intervals during part of the growing seasons
of 1928 and 1929, the percentages of humus in the soil of
these plats, the crop yields of the plats throughout the
period during which they had been under experiment (12 years),
and the fertilizer treatments which had been given to the
plats. The following relations have been pointed out: 1. There
was no apparent association between the amounts of the
different commercial fertilizers and the percentages of soil
moisture or of organic matter. 2. The only fertilizer
treatments which had a significant influence on soil moisture
and organic matter were heavy applications of barnyard manure.
3. The crop yields were correlated to a significant degree
with soil moisture without regard to the different fertilizers
applied. The relative soil moisture was one of the very
important conditions influencing crop yields--possibly the
most important. 4. The percentages of soil organic matter and
moisture were correlated to a significant degree with each
other and with crop yields. 5. The correlation between the
yields of all crops during the period of the experiment and
the average percentages of soil moisture is greater than that
between the average percentages of soil moisture in a
particular season and the yields of the crops grown in the
same season. This indicates that the relative crop yields and
the soil moisture were characteristics of the plats studied
which did not change greatly in their relation to each other
during the period of the experiment. 6. The topography as it
affected surface drainage is suggested as one of the physical
features which might have had an important influence on the
moisture content of the plats. It is to be emphasized that
causal relationships between the
107 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Relationships between leaf nitrogen concentrations and the
nitrogen status of corn.
Cerrato, M.E.; Blackmer, A.M.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 525-531; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Fertilizer requirement determination;
Nitrogen; Evaluation; Biological indicators; Plant analysis;
Leaves; Nutrient content; Nutritional state; Nutrient
deficiencies; Nutrient excesses; Optimization; Ammonium
sulfate; Application rates; Crop yield; Grain; Nutrient
availability
108 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
The relative effect of single and fractional applications of
soluble nitrogen on nitrates in soil and plant and on the
yields of certain vegetable crops. Smith, J.B.; Crandall,
F.K.; Frear, D.E.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1932 Mar.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 24 (3): p.
203-221; 1932 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vegetables; Application rates; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Nitrates; Growth rate; Crop yield; Sidedressing;
Soil analysis; Plant composition
Abstract: The relative efficiency of single application of
nitrogen at planting time and of fractional applications
furnishing an equal quantity of nitrogen during the growth of
the crop were compared for field-grown onions, cabbages,
tomatoes, beets, celery, and spinach, with respect to the
accumulation of nitrates in a silty loam soil, nitrate and
alpha-amino nitrogen in the juice of plant leaves, growth
rates, and yields. The nitrogen was supplied largely by
mixtures of nitrate of soda and sulfate of ammonia. Data for
soil nitrates and crop yields were obtained for two
consecutive years. Grouping all of the experiments together,
the single application produced significantly larger yields in
three trials, approximately equal yields in seven, and
inferior yields in two. Usually the greater concentrations of
soil nitrates initiated by the single application persisted
well into the growth period of the crop, but these were
ultimately exceeded by the accumulations from the successive
side-dressings of the fractional treatment. This condition was
reflected in the nitrate concentrations of the juice from
plant leaves. The two outstanding deviations from these normal
conditions were noted in the analyses of soil and plant in the
two instances of better crop yields from the fractional
applications. In one case, a crop of spinach was robbed of its
supply of nitrogen by permanent leaching soon after the
initial fertilization, and the losses were only replaced by
the nitrogen reserved for side-dressing for the fractional
treatment. The other instance demonstrated relatively low
concentrations of nitrate nitrogen in tender celery plants
transplanted into a dry, high-nitrate soil. This indicated
root damage from critical concentrations of salts in the soil
solution, enhanced by the addition of soluble fertilizer salts
at planting time. Both nitrogen and potash salts were withheld
from the fractional treatment until the crop was established,
resulting in greater quantities of nitrate i
109 NAL Call. No.: S631.F422
Residual phosphate fertilizer compounds in soils. I. Their
estimation using selective extractants.
Kumar, V.; Gilkes, R.J.; Bolland, M.D.A.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991 Oct.
Fertilizer research : an international journal on fertilizer
use and technology v. 30 (1): p. 19-29; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Lateritic soils; Phosphorus
fertilizers; Residues; Estimation; Phosphorus; Nutrient
availability; Aluminum phosphate; Iron phosphates; Apatite;
Sorption; Gibbsite; Goethite; Calcite; Kaolinite; Boehmite;
Fractionation; Extraction; Extractants; Ammonium chloride;
Ammonium fluoride; Sodium hydroxide; Sodium chloride;
Bicarbonates; Hydrochloric acid; Solubility; Soil test values;
Growth; Crop yield; Relationships; Fertilizer requirement
determination
Abstract: A variety of P compounds can accumulate in soils
its residues of fertilizer and may influence soil test versus
plant yield relationships. This work evaluates specific
chemical extractants for their capacity to identify such Al,
Fe and Ca phosphates in soils as a basis for increasing the
precision of yield prediction. Aluminium phosphate, iron
phosphate, calcium phosphate (apatite) and P sorbed onto
gibbsite, goethite and calcite were added to four Western
Australian lateritic soils. These soils were then subjected to
sequential selective extraction using a modified Chang and
Jackson procedure in order to evaluate the selectivity of
these extractants for the different forms of P with the
sequence of extraction: 1 M NH4Cl, 0.5 M NH4F, 0.1 M NaOH + 1
M NaCl, citrate-dithionite-bicarbonate (CDB), 1 M NaOH and 1 M
HCl. The results show that the procedure is not sufficiently
specific and thus might be of little value for estimating the
forms and amounts of residues of phosphate rock fertilizers in
soils.
110 NAL Call. No.: S631.F422
Residual phosphate fertilizer compounds in soils. II. Their
influence on soil tests for available phosphate.
Kumar, V.; Gilkes, R.J.; Bolland, M.D.A.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991 Oct.
Fertilizer research : an international journal on fertilizer
use and technology v. 30 (1): p. 31-38; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lateritic soils; Phosphorus fertilizers;
Residues; Soil testing; Nutrient availability; Solubility;
Sorption; Phosphorus; Determination; Soil test values;
Aluminum phosphate; Iron phosphates; Apatite; Gibbsite;
Goethite; Calcite; Extraction; Comparisons; Yields
Abstract: Six phosphate (P) compounds, including soil
minerals and fertilizer residues, were extracted with eight
standard soil P-test reagents. In the absence of soil, the
solubility of P differed greatly depending upon P compound
type and extractant. For example an aluminium phosphate was
almost completely soluble in Bray-1 reagent yet it was
insoluble in Morgan reagent. P sorbed by calcium carbonate was
insoluble in acid Bray-1 reagent but soluble in the alkaline
Colwell soil test. In the presence of soil, the amounts of P
extracted from the compounds were commonly reduced by sorption
of dissolved P by the soil. For example, most dissolved P was
sorbed by the soil from an ammonium sulphate solution whereas
relatively little P was sorbed by soil from the Bray-1
reagent. The strong influence of the type of P compound on the
solubility of P in soil test reagents might be partly
responsible for the need for different calibration curves of P
soil test versus plant yield for soils that have received
different types of P fertilizer.
111 NAL Call. No.: S662.F4
Response of corn to long-term copper and zinc applications on
diverse soils. Wijesundara, C.; Reed, S.T.; McKenna, J.R.;
Martens, D.C.; Donohue, S.J. Manchester, Mo. : Fluid
Fertilizer Foundation; 1991.
Journal of fertilizer issues v. 8 (3): p. 63-68; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Soil types (genetic); Sandy loam soils;
Clay soils; Clay loam soils; Copper; Zinc; Fertilizer injury;
Phytotoxicity; Copper sulfate; Zinc sulfate; Long term
experiments; Field experimentation; Plant analysis; Soil
analysis; Crop yield; Grain; Maize silage; Leaves; Plant
height; Cation exchange capacity; Soil ph; Application rates;
Nutrient availability; Guidelines; Trace element deficiencies
112 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
The response of flue-cured tobacco and fertility status of a
sandy loam soil to Mg, P, and Zn fertilization.
Warman, P.R.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 23
(17/20): p. 2283-2294; 1992. In the Special Issue:
International symposium on soil testing and plant analysis in
the global community. Paper presented at the second
international symposium, August 22-27, 1991, Orlando, Florida.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nova Scotia; Nicotiana tabacum; Fertilizers;
Application rates; Growth; Leaves; Nutrient content; Soil
analysis; Nutrient availability; Extraction; Extractants;
Comparisons
113 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Response of fruit trees to phosphorus fertilization.
Neilsen, G.H.; Hogue, E.J.; Yorston, J.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 May. Acta horticulturae (274): p. 347-359; 1990 May.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Diagnosis
of Nutritional Status of Deciduous Fruit Orchards," August
25-28, 1989, Warsaw, Poland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fruit trees; Phosphorus fertilizers; Yield
response functions; Growth rate; Application methods; Foliar
diagnosis; Soil analysis
Abstract: Soil and plant factors affecting the P nutrition of
fruit trees are reviewed prior to a discussion of early
research which often reported fruit trees to be unresponsive
to P fertilization. More recent research, especially on apple,
is described in which growth responses of young and mature
trees have been measured. Improved P nutrition has recently
been achieved by fertigation, planting hole P application and
foliar sprays and has been associated with early flower
initiation, increased initial yield, improved early growth on
replant disease sites and reduced incidence of low temperature
breakdown of fruit in England. Critical soil, leaf and fruit P
concentrations are suggested from experiments where a P
response has been achieved.
114 NAL Call. No.: 99.8 F767
Response of pole-stage sitka spruce to applications of
fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in upland
Britain.
Miller, H.G.; Cooper, J.M.; Miller, J.D.
Oxford : Oxford University Press; 1992.
Forestry : The journal of the Institute of Chartered Foresters
v. 65 (1): p. 15-33; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Scotland; Northern england; Picea sitchensis; Age
of trees; Growth; Nitrogen fertilizers; Phosphorus
fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers; Foliar diagnosis; Plant
height; Basal area
Abstract: Although there are many reports of growth responses
to fertilizer N, P or K in young stands, and to fertilizer N
in old stands, there are relatively few reported responses in
pole-stage or middle-aged stands. Among reasons for this may
be lack of experimental interest in stands of this age or a
relatively scarce occurrence of a need for additional
fertilizer inputs at a time when nutrient cycling, both within
the tree and through the litter layer, is very efficient. To
explore this, fertilizers were applied to six stands of
spruce, aged 25 or 30 years, in contrasting regions of
Scotland and North England. In four experiments no growth
response was recorded, either to a single dressing of up to
400 kg N ha(-1), 200 kg P ha(-1) or 300 kg K ha(-1), or
various combinations of levels of these elements, or to
subsequent heavier applications. In a further experiment on
peat there was a weak response to P. In the remaining
experiment a short-term response to PK was recorded but it is
suggested that this was due to transient nutrient stress as
the trees recovered from thinning. The pattern of responses,
other than the last mentioned, accorded with predictions based
on foliar analysis. Taken together these results seem to
confirm the supposition that efficient nutrient cycling in
middle-aged stands means that fertilizer responses are
unlikely (but not impossible) at this stage.
115 NAL Call. No.: S900.B5
Restoring plant cover on high-elevation gravel areas, Sequoia
National Park, California.
Ratliff, R.D.; Westfall, S.E.
Barking, Eng. : Elsevier Applied Science; 1992.
Biological conservation v. 60 (3): p. 189-195; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Carex; Covers; Transplanting;
Survival; Plant colonization; National parks; Gravel; Land
improvement; Plant succession; High altitude; Fertilizers;
Potting; Size; Soil water content; Application rates; Growth
analysis
116 NAL Call. No.: 451 B773
Retention of added K, Ca and P by Pseudoscleropodium purum
growing under an oak canopy.
Bates, J.W.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1989.
Journal of bryology v. 15 (pt.3): p. 589-605; 1989. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: England; Mosses; Species; Nutrient uptake;
Nutrient retention; Potassium; Calcium; Phosphorus;
Fertilizers; Application; Site types; Quercus robur; Canopy;
Woodlands; Plant analysis; Exchangeable cations
117 NAL Call. No.: 100 L936
Returning altered lands to productive use.
Feagley, S.; Hudnall, W.
Baton Rouge, La. : The Department; 1990.
Report of projects - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
Station, Department of Agronomy. p. 187-191; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Mined land; Reclamation; Paper mill
sludge; Fertilizers; Mixtures; Yield response functions;
Fodder crops; Soil chemistry; Application rates; Soil water
movement; Spatial variation; Plant analysis
118 NAL Call. No.: S662.F4
Review--an update in the use of the Diagnosis and
Recommendation Integrated System.
Hallmark, W.B.; Beverly, R.B.
Manchester, Mo. : Fluid Fertilizer Foundation; 1991.
Journal of fertilizer issues v. 8 (3): p. 74-88; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Dris; Modification; Errors;
Correction factors; Nutrient requirements; Fertilizer
requirement determination; Phosphorus; Potassium; Calcium;
Manganese; Zinc; Plant analysis; Leaves; Soil fertility;
Indexes of nutrient availability; Reviews
119 NAL Call. No.: 100 L936
Seasonal uptake and partitioning of nitrogen by cotton.
Breitenbeck, G.A.; Boquet, D.J.
Baton Rouge, La. : The Department; 1990.
Report of projects - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
Station, Department of Agronomy. p. 28-31; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Gossypium; Nitrogen fertilizers;
Application rates; Yield response functions; Nitrogen;
Nutrient uptake; Plant analysis; Nitrogen content; Biomass
production; Developmental stages
120 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Significance of leaf phosphorus remobilization in yield
production in soybean. Crafts-Brandner, S.J.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1992 Mar.
Crop science v. 32 (2): p. 420-424; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Phosphorus; Metabolism; Mineral
nutrition; Phosphorus fertilizers; Application rates; Nutrient
uptake; Crop yield; Dry matter accumulation; Nutrient content;
Yield components; Leaves; Seeds; Pods; Nutrient transport;
Source sink relations; Crop growth stage
Abstract: The remobilization of mineral nutrients from
vegetative to reproductive structures may influence plant
productivity by affecting the timing and/or rate of leaf
senescence. Experiments were conducted to ascertain the
importance of P remobilization, particularly from leaves, in
seed production of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv.
McCall). For two separate greenhouse experiments, plants were
grown in pots of soil that contained three levels of P
fertility (P1, P2, and P3) that provided deficient, optimum,
and supraoptimum P nutrition, respectively. Plants were
sampled four times from growth stages R5 to R8. For both
experiments, P nutrition did not influence plant ontogeny.
Plant P accumulation, biomass, and yield were depressed by the
P1 treatment. For the P2 and P3 treatments, however, biomass
and yield production were similar, even though plant P
accumulation was two- to threefold greater for the P3
treatment. Yield decreases for the P1 treatment resulted from
a proportional adjustment in the number of seeds and pods per
plant. Yield components were similar for the P2 and P3
treatments. Leaf P concentration was similar for the P1 and P2
treatments, even though biomass production and yield were
markedly different. There was no net remobilization of P from
leaf tissue for the P3 treatment during reproductive growth in
either experiment. Additionally, for Exp. 1 there was no net
leaf P remobilization from the P1 and P2 treatments. These
results indicate that seed development in soybean may occur
independently of net P remobilization from the leaves. For all
P treatments, N remobilization from leaves was extensive, even
though leaf N concentration was increased significantly by the
P1 treatment. Thus, N remobilization from leaves was not
altered by the internal P or N status of the plants.
121 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Simulation of crop response to polyolefin-coated urea. I.
Field dissolution. Gandeza, A.T.; Shoji, S.; Yamada, I.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Sep.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (5): p.
1462-1467; 1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Japan; Andisols; Urea; Olefin; Polymers;
Coatings; Controlled release; Granules; Dissolving; Diffusion;
Nitrogen; Simulation; Equations; Mathematics; Soil
temperature; Air temperature; Time; Kinetics; Soil water;
Vinyl compounds; Talc; Nutrient availability; Use efficiency;
Physicochemical properties; Statistical analysis
Abstract: Polyolefin-coated urea (POCU) is a controlled-
release granular fertilizer whose dissolution is primarily
temperature-dependent. The coating is made of ethylene vinyl
acetate, polyolefin, and talc to control N release.
Dissolution doubles for every 10 degrees C rise in
temperature, a Q(10) matching that of plants. This study was
conducted to understand its N release under Andisol field
conditions and show its temperature dependency. Cumulative N
release (CNR) with time between 10 and 30 degrees C is
described by a quadratic equation in the general form CNR = a
+ b(day) + c(day)2. The equation corresponding to the mean
daily soil or air temperature was used to calculate CNR. The
CNR gradually increased with time and reached about 80% of the
total N content at about 126 d after application. Two-year
experiments showed that observed CNR and predicted CNR
determined using either soil or air temperature expressed as
functions of time were closely correlated. Using cumulative
temperature (CT) as the variable, CNR is given by the relation
CNR = a + b(CT) + c(CT)2. This means that N dissolution from
POCU can be predicted. Such behavior of N dissolution has
significant implications on N supply to plants, fertilizer
efficiency, and efforts to minimize environmental pollution.
122 NAL Call. No.: S631.F422
Soil and leaf nutrient interactions following application of
calcium silicate slag to sugarcane.
Anderson, D.L.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991 Oct.
Fertilizer research : an international journal on fertilizer
use and technology v. 30 (1): p. 9-18; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saccharum; Muck soils; Calcium silicate; Slags;
Application rates; Silicon; Magnesium; Nutrient nutrient
interactions; Nutrient availability; Nutrient uptake; Nutrient
deficiencies; Nutritional state; Soil analysis; Plant
analysis; Leaves; Nutrient content; Crop yield; Ratooning;
Rotations; Fertilizer requirement determination
Abstract: In certain areas of the Everglades Agricultural
Area, plant and ratoon sugarcane (Saccharum L.) yields are
increased by application of Si from calcium silicate slag. The
greatest yield responses are obtained in the plant crop the
first year after application of slag and when plant uptake of
Si is increased. Magnesium deficiencies have been reported
after slag application. The objective of this study was to
quantify interactions of soil and leaf nutrients on sugarcane
grown on a Terra Ceia muck (Euic, hyperthermic Typic
Medisaprist) that had previously received calcium silicate
slag. Slag was applied at five rates, and yields were
evaluated from plant, first-ratoon, and second-ratoon
(stubble) crops at two locations. Soil and leaf from each crop
were sampled for nutrient analysis and the results were used
to interpret the yield data. Although slag increased cane
yield by as much as 39% and sugar yield by 50%, for each 100
mg L-1 drop in extractable soil Mg, cane yields declined by,
5.3 Mg ha-1 and sugar yields by 0.9 Mg- ha-1. At leaf Si
concentrations exceeding 10 g kg-1, optimum cane and sugar
yields were observed, while leaf Mg concentrations approached
critical leaf concentrations below 1.5 g kg-1. Estimates of
total leaf nutrient uptake during each crop indicated that
uptake of Mg did not meet nutrient demands at high biomass
production. Nutrient antagonism between Si and Mg is
suggested. Low soil Mg may contribute to the marked crop
responses to slag and for the decline in stubble production.
Application of a magnesium fertilizer may be necessary to
maintain high nutrient availability.
123 NAL Call. No.: 100 L936
Soil fertility studies with subterranean clover and white
clover. Robinson, D.L.; Savoy, H.J. Jr
Baton Rouge, La. : The Department; 1990.
Report of projects - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
Station, Department of Agronomy. p. 90-93; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Trifolium subterraneum; Trifolium
repens; Phosphorus fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers;
Application rates; Yield response functions; Liming; Soil ph;
Exchangeable cations; Aluminum; Soil analysis; Phosphorus;
Potassium; Soil fertility; Nutrient requirements; Silt loam
soils
124 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Soil permeability in an ammonium and phosphorus application
zone. Myers, R.; Thien, S.J.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 May.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (3): p. 866-871;
1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Ammonium hydroxide; Ammonium phosphates;
Monoammonium phosphate; Triammonium phosphate; Filtration;
Permeability; Silt loam soils; Soil analysis; Soil organic
matter
Abstract: Soil organic matter plays a primary role in the
development and maintenance of aggregate stability necessary
for good soil permeability. Studies showing that some N and P
fertilizers dissolve soil organic matter raise questions about
effects these fertilizers have on permeability. In this work,
filtration rates (FR) in Kennebec silt loam (fine-silty,
mixed, mesic Cumulic Hapludoll) were monitored after addition
of NH4OH and NH, phosphates to determine whether organic-
matter dissolution occurring after fertilizer application
affected soil permeability. Twenty combinations of NH4OH and
either monoammonium phosphate (MAP) or triammonium
pyrophosphate (TPP) were applied to soil columns 70 mm in
diameter. The columns were incubated for 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16,
or 32 d at 35 degrees C. Soil from the application zone was
removed from the column and analyzed. Increasing NH4OH levels
usually decreased FR. Compared with FR when no NH4OH was
applied, NH4OH levels of 1500, 3000, and 6000 mg kg-1 reduced
FR 20, 30, and 33%, respectively. Treatments including P had
variable effects on permeability. With the following P sources
and levels (mg P kg-1): 0 P, 300 MAP-P, 300 TPP-P, 600 MAP-P,
and 600 TPP-P, average FR (1 + log mL min-1) were 2.13, 1.99,
1.88, 2.25, and 1.72, respectively. The NH4OH and P treatments
dissolved between 0.1 and 4.8% of the total organic matter in
the analyzed samples. Increases in dissolved organic matter
were highly correlated with decreases in FR (R2 = 0.78-0.98).
Increased dissolution of organic matter increased soil
dispersion and lowered permeability in the application zone.
125 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Soil phosphorus availability and pearl millet water-use
efficiency. Payne, W.A.; Drew, M.C.; Hossner, L.R.; Lascano,
R.J.; Onken, A.B.; Wendt, C.W.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1992 Jul.
Crop science v. 32 (4): p. 1010-1015; 1992 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Pennisetum Americanum; Phosphorus;
Fertilizers; Application rates; Water use efficiency; Water
stress; Soil fertility; Dry matter accumulation;
Transpiration; Photosynthesis; Nutrient availability
Abstract: Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]
production in the West African Sabel is constrained by low,
erratic rainfall and low soil nutrient (particularly P)
availability. Outdoor pot and growth chamber experiments
tested the hypothesis that increasing soil P supply increases
transpirational water-use efficiency (WUET), under water-
stressed and non-water-stressed conditions. Pearl millet was
grown outdoors under semiarid conditions in covered pots
containing 85 kg of acid, P-deficient Betis sand (sandy,
siliceous, thermic Psammentic Paleustalf). Plants were treated
with four P levels and two water treatments, and harvested at
14-d intervals. Significant main and interactive effects on
WUFT due to P level, water treatment, and time of harvest were
found. The slope of the curve relating DM to cumulative
transpiration (Tcum) increased with P level and water stress
when data from all harvests were pooled. In the growth
chamber, WUFR of nonwater-stressed plants ranged with
increasing P level from 3.22 to 9.12 g kg-1 at 29 days after
sowing (DAS) in pots containing 6 kg soil, and from 0 .84 to
9.24 g kg-1 at 49 DAS in pots containing 18 kg soil. The ratio
of leaf net photosynthetic rate to transpiration (WUEgas) at
500 micromole m-1 s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density
(PPFD) ranged from 1.88 microgram mg-1 for plants receiving no
P to 10.25 microgram mg-1 for those receiving 0.310 g P 6 kg-1
soil. Between PPFD levels of 500 and 2000 microgram m-1 s-1,
plants receiving no P increased WUEgas to only 3.60 microgram
mg-1, whereas those receiving higher levels of P increased
WUEgas to as much as 18.2 microgram mg-1. Our finding that
increasing soil P availability increases WUET under water-
stressed and non-water-stressed conditions reinforces previous
conclusions that water supply in the Sahel and similar
semiarid environments cannot be effectively managed for
improved crop production without addressing soil fertility
constraints.
126 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Soil properties after twenty years of fertilization with
different nitrogen sources.
Darusman; Stone, L.R.; Whitney, D.A.; Janssen, K.A.; Long,
J.H. Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (4): p.
1097-1100; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Ammonia; Ammonium nitrate; Urea ammonium
nitrate; Soil analysis; Iron; Copper; Manganese; Zinc;
Phosphorus; Cation exchange capacity; Exchangeable sodium;
Exchangeable cations; Calcium; Magnesium; Potassium; Soil
compaction; Bulk density; Soil ph; Acidification; Soil water
content; Soil water potential; Particle size distribution;
Nutrient availability; Soil organic matter; Nitrate nitrogen;
Ammonium nitrogen; Crop yield; Grain; Glycine max; Triticum
aestivum; Zea mays; Sorghum
Abstract: Increased use of N fertilizers during the past 30
yr has been accompanied by a growing concern about their
possible negative influence on soil properties. In 1969,
research plots were established with fertilizer-N source the
treatment variable (NH3, NH4NO3, urea, urea-NH4NO3 Solution,
and a no-N check). In October 1988, we sampled the field plots
and then examined the status of selected soil physical and
chemical properties. Our objective was to determine if
differences existed in soil properties between the N-
fertilized plots and the no-N check or among the four N-source
treatments after 20 annual applications of N. For the soil
properties evaluated, we found no significant difference among
the four N-source treatments. The 20 yr of N fertilization
reduced soil pH significantly, compared with the no-N check,
in the surface (0.06-0.14-m) soil layer (pH 5.2 vs. 6.2).
Nitrogen fertilization caused an increase in micronutrients
(Fe, Cu, and Mn) and a decrease in available P and
exchangeable bases (Ca, ML and Na). Compactibility analyses
revealed no significant difference in either maximum bulk
density or optimum water content for compaction among
treatments. Our results show the primary effects of 20 yr of N
application have been increased soil acidification and
associated changes in nutrient availabilities and increased
concentrations of NO3-(-N) and NH4+(-N).
127 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N9C46
Soil sampling for fertilizer recommendations.
Cihacek, L.J.; Swenson, L.J.; Dahnke, W.C.
Fargo, N.D. : The University; 1990 Mar.
NDSU Extension Service [publication] - North Dakota State
University (S-F-990): 4 p.; 1990 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Dakota; Soil testing; Representative
sampling; Soil fertility; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Samples
128 NAL Call. No.: S662.F4
Soil sampling patterns for assessing no-tillage fertilization
tehcniques. Tyler, D.D.; Howard, D.D.
Manchester, Mo. : Fluid Fertilizer Foundation; 1991.
Journal of fertilizer issues v. 8 (3): p. 52-56; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Silt loam soils; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Soil testing; Sampling; Random sampling; Soil
test values; Spatial variation; No-tillage; Phosphorus;
Potassium; Nitrogen; Potassium fertilizers; Urea ammonium
nitrate; Phosphorus pentoxide; Broadcasting; Band placement;
Soil depth; Furrows
129 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Soil sampling under no-till banded phosphorus.
Kitchen, N.R.; Havlin, J.L.; Westfall, D.G.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1990 Nov.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 54 (6): p.
1661-1665; 1990 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil testing; Random sampling; No-tillage;
Phosphorus fertilizers; Band placement; Soil variability; Soil
fertility; Soil test values; Residual effects; Spatial
variation; Equations; Mathematical models
Abstract: Uncertainty exists about the best sampling
procedures for no-till soils containing residual P-fertilizer
bands. This study was conducted to determine the distribution
of residual P-fertilizer bands and to define soil sampling
procedures that minimize variability, while approximating the
"true" P-soil-test value. A no-till, banded-P-fertilization
field study was conducted during 1986 and 1987 on three
central Great Plains soils: Keith clay loam (a fine-silty,
mixed, mesic Aridic Argiustoll), Woodsen silt loam (a fine,
montmorillonitic, thermic Abrubtic Argiaquoll), and Harney
silt loam (a fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Argiustoll).
Soils were sampled laterally away from the band 1 to 2 yr
after fertilization, and P was determined with NaHCO3 and
acid-fluoride extractions. Bands were accurately described by
the exponential decay model (mostly r2 values of 0.98 or
better). The derived exponential equations were used in
computer evaluation of soil-sampling procedures. When the
location of P bands are known, sampling to include one in-the-
band soil sample for every 20 between-the-band samples for 76-
cm band spacing, and for every eight between-the-band samples
for 30-cm band spacing, will result in a P soil test equal to
the "true" P-soil-test mean. When the location of P bands is
unknown and < 20 subsamples are taken, paired sampling
consisting of a first completely random sample and a second
sample 50% of the band-spacing distance from the first sample,
perpendicular to the band direction, will reduce variability
over completely random sampling. The greatest deviation from
the "true" P soil test occurs when inadequate sampling
includes rather than excludes the band, and will thus
underestimate P-fertilizer needs.
130 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Soil test values and grain yields during 14 years of potassium
fertilization of corn and soybean.
Mallarino, A.P.; Webb, J.R.; Blackmer, A.M.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 560-566; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Glycine max; Zea mays; Rotations; Potassium
fertilizers; Crop yield; Grain; Soil test values; Potassium;
Nutrient availability; Cost effectiveness analysis;
Profitability; Returns; Application rates; Long term
experiments; Nutrient excesses; Nutrient deficiencies
131 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
Soil testing and plant analysis for fertilizer recommendation-
-January 1987-March 1991.
Schneider, K.
Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1991 May.
Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (91-103): 27 p.; 1991
May. Updates QB 89-52. Bibliography.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fertilizer requirement determination; Plant
analysis; Soil testing; Bibliographies
132 NAL Call. No.: 100 V813B no.114
Soil tests for determining the fertilizer and lime needs of
vegetable crops in the coastal plain soils of Virginia.
Dunton, E. M.; Taylor, M. E.; Hall, R. B.
Norfolk, Va. : Virginia Truck Experiment Station,; 1955.
22 p. ; 24 cm. (Bulletin (Virginia Truck Experiment Station) ;
114.). Cover title. Bibliography: p. 21-22.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Vegetables; Soils
133 NAL Call. No.: 57.8 SO4
Soil-testing reporting units and their affect on fertilizer
recommendations. Vaughan, B.
St. Louis, Mo. : Solutions Magazine; 1992 Sep.
Solutions v. 36 (6): p. 30-32; 1992 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fertilizer requirement determination; Soil
testing; Soil test values; Soil fertility
134 NAL Call. No.: 100 L939
SOY-DRIS, a user-friendly computer software program that
evaluates nutritional needs of soybeans.
Hallmark, W.B.; Morris, H.F.; Brown, L.P.; Wall, D.A.
Baton Rouge, La. : The Station; 1991.
Louisiana agriculture - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 34 (3): p. 8-9; 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Glycine max; Fertilizer requirement
determination; Computer software
135 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Spatial variability of nitrogen-15 natural abundance.
Sutherland, R.A.; Van Kessel, C.; Pennock, D.J.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Sep.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (5): p.
1339-1347; 1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Chernozemic soils; Triticum
aestivum; Nitrogen; Isotopes; Nitrogen fixation; Spatial
variation; Soil analysis; Plant analysis; Chemical analysis;
Nitrogen content; Statistical analysis; Autocorrelation; Soil
chemistry; Grain; Crop yield; Wheat straw; Urea; Urea ammonium
phosphate; Nutrient availability; Sampling
Abstract: The primary objective of this study was to
investigate the spatial variability of 15N natural abundance
in a non-N2-fixing plant (Triticum aestivum L.) on two fields.
Two center intersecting 50-point perpendicular transects were
sampled on two separate fields, on Klassen (Udic Boroll) and
Kruger (Typic Boroll) soils in Saskatchewan, Canada.
Autocorrelation and semivariograms were used to assess the
spatial structure of 15N natural abundance. Data from the
Klassen field indicated that variation in grain 15N natural
abundance was random, with no spatial structure at the scale
of investigation (2-50 m). The pooled mean grain 15N natural
abundance value and 95% confidence band was 5.43 +/- 0.10%,
with a coefficient of variation of 8.9%. Observed variability
in 15N natural abundance was primarily accounted for by
analytical error in the Klassen field. The range in 15N
natural abundance values for Klassen was 2.80%, and the
maximum difference between samples separated by 2 m was 2.00%.
These data indicate that, even in a low-variability field,
site-to-site variation may be significant Thus, N2-fixing
plants should be grown in dose proximity to the reference crop
for quantifying N2 fixation. Spatial variability in 15N
natural abundance for Kruger field was significantly greater
than in the Klassen field. Anisotropy was noted in 15N natural
abundance in the Kruger field, with a pure nugget effect
observed for one transect; for the other, a spherical model
described the semivariance pattern with a range for spatial
dependence of 16 m. The coefficient of variation and the
minimum sample size required for estimating 15N natural
abundance were corrected for the influence of serial
correlation. Mean grain 15N natural abundance values for the
two Kruger transects were 4.45 +/- 0.13%, and 4.29 +/- 0.11%.
It is hypothesized that the greater variability in grain 15N
natural abundance in the Kruger field resulted from a shorter
lag time between fertilizer-N application and sampling
136 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
Spur light exposure as a primary external cause for derivation
of DRIS norms in walnut trees.
Klein, I.; Weinbaum, S.A.; DeJong, T.M.; Muraoka, T.T.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 14 (5): p. 463-484; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Juglans regia; Plant nutrition; Nutrient content;
Mineral content; Nitrogen content; Potassium; Phosphorus;
Calcium; Magnesium; Light intensity; Leaves; Spurs; Leaf area;
Weight
Abstract: Spur leaf macroelement profile of walnut (Juglans
regia, cvs. 'Hartley' and 'Serr') was characterized by a
modified diagnostic and recommendation integrated system
(DRIS), using canopy photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) density
exposure as a primary external determinant (5) of leaf mineral
content. Spur N, P, Ca and Mg content was linearly correlated
with PPF and SLW when expressed on the basis of leaf area (A)
while that of K was linearly correlated with SLW on % DW basis
(W). Mineral ratios, relevant for the DRIS analysis, were
calculated using all four possible combinations of Area and
Weight expressions (A/A, A/W, W/A, W/W) and correlated with
spur leaf SLW. The particular expressions chosen for the DRIS
analysis were based on their highest correlation to spur SLW
and included N/K and P/K, based on A/W expression of the
respective nutrients, and the reciprocal (W/A) expression for
all other ratios. The dimensionless mineral ratios based on
Weight per Weight (W/W) or Area per Area (A/A), which
eliminated the DW contribution, were not related to light
exposure and SLW. Derivation of DRIS norms were based on the
mineral profile of highly exposed spurs (10.8 +/- 3.1 and 8.8
+/-3.9 mol m-2d-1 PPF in 'Hartley' and 'Serr', respectively),
characterized previously to be highly productive. Calculated
DRIS indices of gradually less exposed and less productive
spurs revealed a strong exponential imbalance of K or K and N
(increasingly positive) in 'Hartley' and 'Serr', respectively,
vs Ca and Mg (increasingly negative). DRIS indices of P became
slightly negative in 'Hartley' and positive in 'Serr', as spur
light exposure decreased. The calculated Nutritional Imbalance
Index (NII) value of walnut spurs exposed to decreasing light
intensities increased exponentially. The modification of the
existing procedures of DRIS analysis that reflects the light
exposure of the leaf and takes into account its DW component,
is proposed.
137 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Sufficiency level and diagnosis and recommendation integrated
system approaches for evaluating the nitrogen status of corn.
Dara, S.T.; Fixen, P.E.; Gelderman, R.H.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Nov.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (6): p.
1006-1010; 1992 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Nitrogen fertilizers; Fertilizer
requirement determination; Plant analysis; Leaves; Mineral
nutrition; Plant nutrition; Crop yield; Grain; Yield response
functions; Correlation analysis
Abstract: An irrigated corn (Zea mays L., cv. Pioneer 3732) N
fertilizer field experiment was conducted for 3 yr to compare
plant analysis interpretation of N status by the diagnosis and
recommendation integrated system (DRIS) and sufficiency level
(SL) methods. Preplant soil NO3(-) N was supplemented with
ammonium nitrate to provide seven available N levels. Leaf
samples were taken at the silking stage and analyzed for N, P,
K. Ca, Mg, S, Ma, Zn, and Cu. Nutrient indices were calculated
using published standard and locally-developed (South Dakota)
DRIS norms derived from 600 observations. At highest grain
yield, 11.86 Mg ha-1, the average soil NO3-N level was 247 kg
ha-1 over the 3-yr test period, while check yields average
6.54 Mg ha-1 and required 68 kg NO3-N ha-1. The SL approach
(using a critical ear leaf N concentration of 27.6 g kg-1)
diagnosed N as inadequate even when excess N was applied,
indicating that the N sufficiency level for irrigated corn is
inflated and needs to be readjusted to 25.2 g N kg-1. Nitrogen
indices calculated from the standard and local DRIS norms at
95% of maximum yield were -2 and 2, respectively. Regression
of Nutrient Balance indices against relative yield indicated
greater variability in the standard norms than in the local
norms. Our data suggest that the SL approach overestimated ear
leaf N requirement, and that DRIS indices calculated using
published standard norms were less useful than those from
locally-developed norms.
138 NAL Call. No.: SB197.A1T7
Sustaining productive pastures in the tropics. 6. Nitrogen
fertilized grass pastures.
Teitzel, J.K.; Gilbert, M.A.; Cowan, R.T.
St Lucia : Tropical Grassland Society of Australia; 1991 Jun.
Tropical grasslands v. 25 (2): p. 111-118; 1991 Jun. Paper
presented at the "Fourth Australian Conference on Tropical
Pastures," November 1990, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Tropical grasslands; Pastures;
Sustainability; Grassland management; Nitrogen fertilizers;
Soil fertility; Nitrogen content; Soil acidity; Acidification;
Beef production; Milk production; Profitability; Productivity;
Application rates; Application date; Cost benefit analysis
139 NAL Call. No.: 100 N45 no.2
Testing soils for fertilizer needs.
Taylor, F. W.
Durham, N.H. : New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station,;
1908. [2] p. ; 23 cm. (Circular (New Hampshire Agricultural
Experiment Station) ; no. 2.). Caption title.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soils; Soil fertility
140 NAL Call. No.: 81 SO12
A theoretical concept of compositional nutrient diagnosis.
Parent, L.E.; Dafir, M.
Alexandria, Va. : The Society; 1992 Mar.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science v.
117 (2): p. 239-242; 1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant nutrition; Nutrient content; Plant
analysis; Nutrient balance; Theory; Equations
Abstract: The premises underlying univariate (CVA = critical
value approach) and bivariate (DRIS = diagnosis and
recommendation integrated system) diagnostic systems were
reexamined with regard to compositional data analysis (CDA).
CDA recognizes a structure of dependence among plant
nutrients, the bounded sum constraint to one (the whole
composition equals 100% or 1), and removes the curvature
problem carried by crude components and by dual ratios or
logratios when treated in isolation. Linearization by
"rowcentered logrationing" of nutrient fractions shows great
potential for carrying multivariate diagnosis and principal
component analysis on nutrient data. Compositional nutrient
diagnosis (CND) is supported by the theory of CDA. CND is the
multivariate expansion of CVA and DRIS and is fully compatible
with PCA. CND takes all possible nutrient interactions into
account. CND nutrient indices are composed of two separate
functions, one considering differences between nutrient
levels, another examining differences between nutrient
balances (as defined by nutrient geometric means), of
individual and target specimens. These functions indicate that
nutrient insufficiency can be corrected by either adding a
single nutrient or taking advantage of multiple nutrient
interactions to improve nutrient balance as a whole. A
theoretical interpretative table is presented for CND.
141 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Twelve-year tillage and corp rotation effects on yields and
soil chemical properties in northeast-Iowa.
Karlen, D.L.; Berry, E.C.; Colvin, T.S.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 2
(19/20): p. 1985-2003; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Loam soils;
Rotations; Continuous cropping; Plowing; Chiselling; Ridging;
No-tillage; Sustainability; Crop yield; Grain; Soil ph; Soil
organic matter; Phosphorus; Potassium; Calcium; Magnesium;
Carbon; Nitrogen; Nitrate nitrogen; Carbon-nitrogen ratio;
Nutrient availability; Soil depth; Use efficiency;
Fertilizers; Application rates; Plant analysis; Nutrient
content; Fertilizer requirement determination; Seasonal
variation
142 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Use of calcium fertilizers in apple orchards grown on neutral
and alkaline soils.
Svagzdys, S.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 May. Acta horticulturae (274): p. 455-459; 1990 May.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Diagnosis
of Nutritional Status of Deciduous Friut Orchards," August
25-28, 1989, Warsaw, Poland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lithuanian ssr; Malus pumila; Orchards;
Fertilizers; Yield response functions; Soil analysis; Foliar
diagnosis; Nutrient content
Abstract: Results of long-term experiments on nutrition of
apple trees have shown that systematic and abundant
applications of mineral fertilizers do not increase apple
yields and do not improve nutritional status of the trees but,
on the contrary, they break nutrient equilibrium. The greatest
unbalance was noted between potassium and magnesium. Potassium
fertilization was not able to regulate balance of those
elements. Experiments carried out by Lithuanian Horticultural
Research Institute indicate that calcium fertilizers
(phosphogypsum) influence fruit yields by changing levels of
nutrients in soil and apple tree leaves as well. In the 1st
and 2nd year after application of phosphogypsum fruit yield
increased by 26,7% while after using mineral fertilizers it
increased by 49,7%. During the subsequent 3rd and 4th year of
the experiment effect of fertilizers upon apple fruit yield
was insignificant. The concentration of nitrates in apples did
not exceed the background nitrate quantity. An increase of
leaf potassium was accompanied by a decrease of leaf magnesium
content. Phosphorus and potassium were distributed rather
evenly in the soil profile. The experimental data have shown
that phosphogypsum is effective in acid soil as well.
143 NAL Call. No.: SD13.C35
The use of nutrient bioassays to assess the response of
Eucalyptus grandis to fertilizer application. 1. Interactions
between nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in seedling
nutrition.
Dighton, J.; Jones, H.E.; Poskitt, J.M.
Ottawa, Ont. : National Research Council of Canada; 1993 Jan.
Canadian journal of forest research; Revue canadienne de
recherche forestiere v. 23 (1): p. 1-6; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Eucalyptus grandis; Seedlings; Fertilizer
requirement determination; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium;
Roots; Nutrient uptake; Bioassays; Foliar nutrition
Abstract: The nutritional requirements of Eucalyptus grandis
Hill ex Maiden seedlings were studied in glasshouse pot
experiments. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)
demand was assessed by bioassays, in which the uptake of
tracers (15N, 32P, or 86Rb) by roots excised from the
seedlings grown at different levels of nutrient supply was
measured. A pilot study showed that there was an inverse
relationship between nutrient supply and influx. The measured
influx was affected by the length of time that the roots were
stored before the bioassay was applied. In a 3(3) N, P, and K
factorial nutrient experiment, growth was primarily influenced
by N. Maximum growth occurred at the highest level of supply
of each of the three nutrients. N and K influx in the root
bioassay was inversely related to foliar N and K
concentration, but P uptake was not related to foliar P
concentration. These results indicate that the root bioassays
are more sensitive determinants of nutrient limitation than
foliar analysis. Interactions between N and P and between N
and K alter the stem:leaf ratio, which may be of importance in
optimizing wood production.
144 NAL Call. No.: SD13.C35
The use of nutrient bioassays to assess the response of
Eucalyptus grandis to fertilizer application. 2. A field
experiment.
Jones, H.E.; Dighton, J.
Ottawa, Ont. : National Research Council of Canada; 1993 Jan.
Canadian journal of forest research; Revue canadienne de
recherche forestiere v. 23 (1): p. 7-13; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Africa; Eucalyptus grandis; Foliar
diagnosis; Roots; Bioassays; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium;
Nutrient uptake; Application rates; Growth; Plant height
Abstract: The nutrient status of a Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex
Maiden field fertilizer experiment in Natal, South Africa, was
assessed at 6 and 18 months by a bioassay test in which the
rate of influx of 15N, 32P, and 86Rb in roots excised from
trees was measured. Fertilizer treatments consisted of all
combinations of two levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P),
potassium (K), and trace elements, applied at planting and at
either 3 or 6 months. There were also untreated control plots.
At 6 months, bioassay influx rates of the three isotopes by
the roots were all higher when a nutrient was applied at a
lower level than when it was applied at a higher level. Foliar
analysis did not indicate that any of the trees were deficient
in N, P, or K, although control plants were significantly
smaller than fertilized ones. There was no difference in the
foliar P or K content between the treatments, although percent
N increased with increasing application of N. The greatest
difference in the root response between fertilizer levels was
in the influx of 15N. Height of the trees was significantly
increased by increasing N levels. There was no effect of P or
K levels, but there was a negative effect of the combination
of high levels of K and trace elements. From the significant
drop in root 15N influx following the 6 month fertilizer
addition, growth of the trees in response to fertilizer was
predicted at 18 months of age trees receiving their second
application of fertilizer at 6 months were as large as those
receiving fertilizer at 3 months, confirming growth
predictions based on root bioassay data. The bioassay results
at 18 months suggested that P may be supplanting N as the
major growth limiting factor at this later stage in the
development of the stand.
145 NAL Call. No.: 100 In2P no.204
The use of rapid chemical tests on soils and plants as aids in
determining fertilizer needs.
Thornton, S. F.; Conner, S. D._1872-1936; Fraser, R. R.
Lafayette, Ind. : Purdue University, Agricultural Experiment
Station,; 1934. 16, 3 leaves of plates : ill., (some col.),
map ; 23 cm. (Circular (Purdue University. Agricultural
Experiment Station) ; no. 204.). Cover title.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Soils; Soil chemistry
146 NAL Call. No.: 100 SO82 (3)
The use of soil tests to predict fertilizer nitrogen needs of
corn. Gelderman, R.; Drymalski, S.
Brookings, S.D. : The Station; 1991.
TB - Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State
University (97): 4 p. (soil PR 90-17); 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Dakota; Zea mays; Soil testing; Nitrate
nitrogen; Yield response functions; Nitrogen fertilizers
147 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Using leaf analysis results to manage mature McIntosh apple
trees. Estabrooks, E.N.; Ghanem, I.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 May. Acta horticulturae (274): p. 123-127; 1990 May.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Diagnosis
of Nutritional Status of Deciduous Fruit Orchards," August
25-28, 1989, Warsaw, Poland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Brunswick; Malus pumila; Foliar diagnosis;
Nutrient uptake
Abstract: A McIntosh apple research orchard, planted in 1972
and fruiting since 1976, was monitored for nutrients by leaf
analysis, block by block, during the past six years. Changes
in leaf nutrient levels were attributed to changes in crop
load and fertilizer applications. Differences in nutrient
uptake were detected between the rootstocks used in the
orchard. Leaf analysis results in the research orchard were
compared to commercial apple plantings in the region.
148 NAL Call. No.: SD409.N48
Utility of multivariate analyses in examining foliage
composition and soil nutrition in a factorial fertilizer
experiment.
Woollons, R.C.; Snowdon, P.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991.
New forests v. 5 (4): p. 289-305; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; Pinus radiata; Fertilizers; Soil
fertility; Nutrient content; Foliar nutrition; Factorial
analysis; Multivariate analysis
Abstract: The data for this paper were derived from a
previously reported field trial with Pinus radiata which was
treated with fertilizer at planting and three subsequent
occasions. The experiment tested factorial combinations of
urea (n), dicalcium phosphate (p), gypsum (s) and potassium
chloride plus trace elements (b). At 5 years-of-age bole
development was substantially increased by p alone, but p and
n in combination increased growth further still. Urea, applied
alone, had no, or retardive effects. Foliage concentrations of
N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn were raised by p or n and p in
combination, but Zn concentrations were not changed. Urea
alone caused significantly lower Fe, Mg, Ca, and K
concentrations in foliage. The 16 fertilizer combinations
created a series of diverse soil nutrient conditions. For the
ameliorative treatments (p and np), soils were characterized
by high levels of total P and N, and exchangeable NH4(+) and
Ca2+, whereas soils treated with n alone had low levels of the
cations Mg2+, Ca2+, and Na+, but higher Al3+. While not
contributing to stem growth, the s and b treatments also
formed unique soil nutrient concentrations; s induced
appreciable increases in Ca2+ while b resulted in a 3.5-fold
increase in K+. Multivariate statistical analyses aided
examination of the experimental data, whereas univariate
analyses became cumbersome or repetitive, or gave no insight
into individual contributions to overall variation.
Eigenvalues extracted from discriminant analyses did provide
this information, and ranked effects in order of importance.
The effects of urea fertilizer on concentration of a number of
elements in the foliage and on soil nutrient status were small
but had marked effects on growth. It is envisaged that
multivariate techniques can be utilized with other trial data,
provided such experiments are soundly designed and adequately
replicated.
149 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.I45 1986
Utilization of biomanures produced from biogas technology in
the Andean area. Augstburger, F.
Santa Cruz, CA : Agroecology Program, University of
California; 1988. Global perspectives on agroecology and
sustainable agricultural systems : proceedings of the sixth
international scientific conference of the International
Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements. p. 225-230; 1988.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Developing countries; Biogas; Technology;
Anaerobic digestion; Effluents; Cattle manure; Composts; Urea;
Diammonium phosphate; Mixtures; Soil treatment; Comparisons;
Soil fertility; Crop yield; Climatic factors; Physicochemical
properties; Residual effects; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium;
Applications; Problem analysis; Environmental factors; Social
barriers
150 NAL Call. No.: SD13.C35
Variance in response of pole-size trees and seedlings of
Douglas-fir and western hemlock to nitrogen and phosphorus
fertilizers.
Radwan, M.A.; Shumway, J.S.; DeBell, D.S.; Kraft, J.M.
Ottawa, Ont. : National Research Council of Canada; 1991 Oct.
Canadian journal of forest research; Journal canadien de
recherche forestiere v. 21 (10): p. 1431-1438; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pseudotsuga menziesii; Tsuga heterophylla;
Seedlings; Triple superphosphate; Urea; Ammonium nitrate;
Growth rate; Tissues; Nutrient content; Foliage; Increment
Abstract: Three experiments were conducted to determine
effects of N and P fertilizers on growth and levels of plant-
tissue nutrients of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.)
Franco) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.).
Both pole-size trees in closed-canopy stands and potted
seedlings were used. Soil series were Bunker for Douglas-fir
and Klone for western hemlock in experiments 1 and 3, and
Vesta in experiment 2. For each species in experiments 1 and
2, P and N fertilizers were tested in six or eight treatments
using factorial design. In experiment 3, N and P fertilizers
were individually tested on seedlings, at one rate of
application each. Nitrogen fertilizers used were urea in
experiment 1 and ammonium nitrate in the other two
experiments; P was applied as triple superphosphate in all
three experiments. In general, fertilization changed levels of
some plant-tissue nutrients of the pole-size trees and potted
seedlings. Neither height nor basal-area growth of the trees
was significantly affected by any of the fertilization
treatments in the first two experiments. Seedling growth of
both Douglas-fir and western hemlock was dramatically improved
by the P fertilizer, but was negatively affected by the N
fertilizer. Results clearly show differences between pole-size
trees and seedlings in response to N and P fertilizers. They
also suggest that N not be applied where soils are high in N
and low in P and that P applications be confined to sites with
low-P soils, when trees are young, before canopy closure.
151 NAL Call. No.: 99.8 F7632
Western hemlock and Douglas-fir seedling development with
exponential rates of nutrient addition.
Burgess, D.
Bethesda, Md. : Society of American Foresters; 1991 Mar.
Forest science v. 37 (1): p. 54-67; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tsuga heterophylla; Pseudotsuga menziesii;
Nutrient availability; Fertilizers; Application rates;
Nitrogen; Nutrient deficiencies; Seedlings; Seedling growth;
Growth rate; Ammonium; Nitrate; Nitrogen content; Plant
height; Root shoot ratio
Abstract: Ingestad's concept of controlling relative addition
rate was used in growing western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla
[Raf.] Sarg.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.]
Franco) seedlings in styroblock containers under greenhouse
conditions. Seedlings were fertilized for 14 weeks at
different exponential rates following a 1 month pretreatment
period. Based on their initial nitrogen contents, seedlings
were fertilized with a complete Ingestad solution, twice
weekly, at either a 1, 2, 4, or 6% per day exponentially
increasing dosage, or with a constant amount each feeding
(control treatment) of 0.991 mg N/seedling. Western hemlock
and Douglas-fir seedlings grew fastest at the highest (6%)
relative addition rate. Douglas-fir was more efficient than
western hemlock at nitrogen uptake and succeeded in taking up
the most nitrogen (55% of the nitrogen added) in the control
treatment. Western hemlock was most efficient at nitrogen
uptake in the 4% relative addition rate treatment, but still
captured only 29.7% of the nitrogen added. Biomass allocation
and nitrogen concentrations in seedlings of both species
varied significantly with treatment, suggesting that different
seedling types acclimated to different levels of nutrient
stress could be produced using the concept of relative
addition rate. The nitrogen concentrations of seedlings
generally declined with time in the control and lowest
relative addition rate treatments.
152 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Winter wheat phosphorus fertilization as influenced by glacial
till and loess soils.
Sander, D.H.; Penas, E.J.; Walters, D.T.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Sep.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (5): p.
1474-1479; 1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat;
Sorghum; Glacial till soils; Loess soils; Ammonium
polyphosphates; Ammonia; Use efficiency; Phosphorus; Seed
dressings; Band placement; Preplanting treatment;
Broadcasting; Application rates; Nutrient deficiencies;
Nutrient uptake; Nutrient availability; Crop yield; Wheat
straw; Grain; Heading; Size; Tillering; Seeds; Weight; Crop
production; Soil testing
Abstract: Fertilizer P efficiency can be greatly affected by
different methods of application. This study was conducted to
determine the effect of different methods of P application on
winter wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) grain yield, yield
components, and fertilizer efficiency as influenced by
different soils. Five loess-derived soils and four till-
derived soils were selected that ranged from 4 to 9 mg P kg-1
(Bray and Kurtz P1). Methods of P application included knifed
into the soil (dual placement) (KF), broadcast and
incorporated (BF), and application with the seed (SF) at rates
of 0, 10, 20, and 30 kg P ha-1. Results indicated that grain
yield was increased differently by applied P on the soils
studied. Grain yield increase from applied P was significantly
greater on till-derived soils than loess soils, although soil-
test P (Bray and Kurtz P1) was similar. Till soils also
required a higher P rate to maximize yield than did loess
soils. Both KF and SF were consistently superior to BF on all
soils but were especially superior on the till soils.
Fertilizer efficiencies for BF averaged only 2% on the till
soils, compared with 18% for KF and SF applications. Applied P
increased bead numbers on all soils. The primary reason for
increased effectiveness of KF and SF applications was increase
effectiveness of bead production. As bead numbers were
increased by applied P, bead size was decreased, especially
for SF application, which increased bead numbers more than KF
or BF. Our study concluded that the soil test for P did not
adequately determine the degree of P deficiency between loess-
and glacial-till-derived soils for winter wheat production.
Seed and knifed-in methods of P application performed
similarly on loess and glacial till soils, both being superior
to broadcast application.
153 NAL Call. No.: SD13.C35
Woody tissue analysis using an element ratio technique (DRIS).
Riitters, K.H.; Ohmann, L.F.; Grigal, D.F.
Ottawa, Ont. : National Research Council of Canada; 1991 Aug.
Canadian journal of forest research; Journal canadien de
recherche forestiere v. 21 (8): p. 1270-1277; 1991 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Wisconsin; Michigan; Abies balsamea;
Acer saccharum; Pinus banksiana; Pinus resinosa; Populus
tremuloides; Tissues; Chemical composition
Abstract: The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System
(DRIS) was used to describe the variation of 12 elements in
woody tree tissue of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.),
sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), jack pine (Pinus
banksiana Lamb.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), and aspen
(Populus tremuloides Michx.) across Minnesota, Wisconsin, and
Michigan, United States. DRIS indices of elemental balance for
the growth decades 1956-1965 and 1966-1975 were compared with
standards developed from the growth decade 1976-1985. The DRIS
analysis indicated that older wood of most species was
relatively depleted of N, P, K, S, Fe, Cu, and Al. In at least
one of the five species, however, K, S, Cu, or Al was
relatively more abundant in older than in younger wood. The
older wood of all species was relatively enriched in Ca, Mg,
Mn, B, and Zn. Sulfur in older wood became relatively more
enriched from west to east across a gradient of wet sulfate
deposition; the trend was strongest for hardwood species.
These results support the potential use of DRIS for monitoring
stoichiometry of tissue from woody increment cores as an
indicator of environmental stresses such as air pollution.
AUTHOR INDEX
Adams, J.F. 10, 99
Albrecht, W.A. 51
Allen, H.L. 56, 86
Alrichs, J.S. 27
Alva, A.K. 67
Ames, J.W. 3
Anderson, D.L. 122
Anderson, M.A. 70
Ankomah, A.B. 47
Ansman, T.R. 84
Arnold, R.J. 56
Augstburger, F. 149
Balabane, M. 64
Balesdent, J. 64
Barber, S.A. 71
Bates, J.W. 116
Baver, Leonard David, 103
Berg, R.K. 34, 35
Berry, E.C. 141
Bethlenfalvay, G.J. 78
Beverly, R.B. 10, 98, 101, 118
Bhatti, A.U. 57
Binford, G.D. 80
Blackmer, A.M. 80, 107, 130
Bolland, M.D.A. 92, 109, 110
Bonczkowski, L.C. 83
Boquet, D.J. 119
Boswell, F.C. 10
Bowen, J.E. 8
Breitenbeck, G.A. 119
Brown, H.J. 12
Brown, L.P. 134
Brown, M.S. 78
Browning, M.H.R. 63
Bruner, F. H. 103
Bryan, W.B. 44
Bullock, D.G. 82
Burdine, H.W. 28, 29
Burger, J.A. 22, 24
Burgess, D. 151
Bushby, H.V.A. 30
Cabrera, F. 11
Carlson, G.R. 15, 34, 35
Caron, J. 36
Carrow, R.N. 4
Cassman, K.G. 75
Castro, C. 11
Cerrato, M.E. 80, 107
Chalk, P.M. 33
Chapman, H.D. 93
Chase, C. 31
Chien, S.H. 94
Christensen, N.W. 89
Cihacek, L.J. 43, 127
Clough, G.H. 73
Colvin, T.S. 141
Conner, S. D. 145
Conyers, M.K. 69
Cook, R.L. 38
Cooper, J.M. 114
Cowan, R.T. 138
Cox, F.R. 97
Crafts-Brandner, S.J. 120
Crandall, F.K. 108
Cullis, B.R. 69
Dabney, S.E. 99
Dafir, M. 140
Dahlenburg, A.P. 2
Dahnke, W.C. 127
Daniel, J.W. 66
Dara, S.T. 137
Darusman 126
Davies, F.S. 48
DeBell, D.S. 150
DeJong, T.M. 136
Demchak, K.T. 49
Dighton, J. 143, 144
Doerge, T.A. 58, 59
Donohue, S.J. 70, 111
Drew, M.C. 125
Drymalski, S. 146
Duffy, M. 31
Dunton, E. M. 132
Dutcher, J.D. 66
Edje, O.T. 23
Edwards, D.G. 72
Elliott, K.C. 44
Estabrooks, E.N. 147
Evans, C.E. 13, 14
Feagley, S. 117
Ferrera-Cerrato, R. 78
Fixen, P.E. 137
Fraser, R. R. 145
Frear, D.E. 108
Funderburk, J.E. 96
Furlan, V. 77
Gadalla, A.N. 94
Gandeza, A.T. 121
Gardiner, D.T. 89
Gelderman, R. 146
Gelderman, R.H. 137
Gettier, S.W. 99
Ghanem, I. 147
Gilbert, M.A. 138
Gilkes, R.J. 92, 109, 110
Giroux, M. 42
Glover, C. 55
Goh, K.M. 100
Gosselin, A. 36
Graetz, D.A. 48
Granelli, G. 68
Grigal, D.F. 153
Grundon, N.J. 72
Gupta, U.C. 65
Gurmani, A.H. 57
Haby, Vincent A. 46
Hall, R. B. 132
Hallmark, W.B. 10, 45, 99, 118, 134
Hamel, C. 77
Hamilton, S.D. 33
Hanlon, E.A. 104
Hanson, R.G. 6, 99
Harrison, K.A. 66
Harrison, S.A. 60
Havlin, J.L. 129
Haydon, G.F. 74
Herrera, E. 55
Hickman, J.S. 83
Higaki, T. 79
Hochmuth, G.J. 104
Hockman, J.N. 86
Hogue, E.J. 102, 113
Hopmans, P. 33
Hossner, L.R. 90, 125
Howard, D.D. 128
Huang, W.Z. 25
Hudnall, W. 117
Huluka, G. 13, 14
Imamura, J.S. 79
Jackson, G.D. 15, 34, 35
Jacobsen, J.S. 15
Janssen, K.A. 126
Janzen, H.H. 16
Jett, J.B. 56
Johnson, B.J. 4
Johnson, D.W. 5
Johnson, G.V. 52
Jokela, W.E. 81
Jones, H.E. 143, 144
Kallay, T. 17
Karamanos, R.E. 16, 95
Karlen, D.L. 76, 141
Kaspar, T.C. 12
Kassmeyer, E.M. 12
Kerby, T.A. 43
Kirkman, J.H. 1
Kisakye, J. 23
Kissel, D.E. 50
Kitchen, N.R. 129
Kitsuta, K. 3
Klein, I. 136
Klemmedson, J.O. 88
Knowles, T.C. 58, 59
Koehler, F.E. 57
Kondakov, A.K. 41
Kornegay, E.T. 70
Korneva, N.I. 18
Kovar, J.L. 60
Kraft, J.M. 150
Kropp, K. 39
Kumar, V. 92, 109, 110
Kushnak, G.D. 15, 34, 35
Lamond, R.E. 83
Lascano, R.J. 90, 125
Lerche, K. 9
Li, G.C. 37
Liang, J. 95
Liang, X.Y. 25
Lindemann, M.D. 70
Locascio, S.J. 73
Locke, M.A. 6
Long, J.H. 126
Lun, X.J. 25
Lynd, J.Q. 84
Mack, W.B. 106
Mahler, R.L. 37, 85
Maier, N.A. 2
Malakouti, M.J. 19, 100
Mallarino, A.P. 130
Martens, D.C. 70, 111
McDuffie, C. Jr 105
McKenna, J.R. 70, 111
Menon, R.G. 94
Menzel, C.M. 74
Miller, H.G. 114
Miller, J.D. 114
Moore, S.H. 60
Moraghan, J.T. 54
Moreno, F. 11
Morris, H.F. 10, 99, 134
Mortley, D.G. 49
Mulla, D.J. 57
Muraoka, T.T. 136
Murillo, J.M. 11
Myers, R. 124
Myers, R.J.K. 30
Nafe, D. 9
Naidu, R. 1
Neilsen, D. 102
Neilsen, G.H. 113
Nelson, P.V. 53
Norby, R.J. 5
Norhayati, M. 72
Nosal, K. 39
Ohmann, L.F. 153
Olson, S.M. 73
Onken, A.B. 90, 125
Osei-Kofi, V. 47
Ottman, M.J. 58, 59
Papendick, R.I. 62
Parent, L.E. 36, 140
Parker-Clark, V.J. 85
Parr, J.F. 62
Paull, R.E. 79
Payne, G.G. 20
Payne, W.A. 90, 125
Penas, E.J. 152
Pennock, D.J. 135
Pier, P.A. 105
Plant, R.E. 75
Poile, G.J. 69
Poirot, E.M. 51
Poniedzialek, W. 39
Porebski, S. 39
Porter, G.A. 91
Poskitt, J.M. 143
Radwan, M.A. 150
Rao, A.C.S. 62
Rathfon, R.A. 22, 24
Ratliff, R.D. 115
Rechcigl, J.E. 20
Reed, S.T. 111
Rhoads, F.M. 96
Riitters, K.H. 153
Robinson, B.B. 38
Robinson, D.L. 26, 123
Robinson, J.B. 21
Russo, V.M. 40
Sadler, E.J. 76
Sanchez, C.A. 27, 28, 29
Sander, D.H. 152
Savoy, H.J. Jr 26, 123
Sawyer, J.E. 82
Schneider, K. 131
Schonberg, G. 9
Scott, H.D. 76
Shamshuddin, J. 72
Sharifuddin, H.A.H. 72
Shoji, S. 121
Shuman, L.M. 10, 45, 99
Shumway, J.S. 150
Simpson, D.R. 74
Singh, K.D. 7
Sisson, J.A. 91
Smith, C.B. 49
Smith, C.J. 32, 33
Smith, D.L. 77
Smith, J.B. 108
Smith, J.L. 62
Smith, S.J. 50
Snowdon, P. 148
Snyder, G.H. 27, 28, 29
Sojka, R.E. 76
Stallen, M.P.K. 21
Stephenson, R.E. 93
Stephenson, R.J. 20
Stewart, J.W.B. 95
Stone, L.R. 126
Sutherland, R.A. 135
Svagzdys, S. 142
Swenson, L.J. 127
Syers, J.K. 1
Syvertsen, J.P. 67
Szenci, G. 17
Szucs, E. 17
Taylor, A.J. 32
Taylor, F. W. 139
Taylor, M. E. 132
Teare, I.D. 96
Teitzel, J.K. 138
Thien, S.J. 124
Thornton, F.C. 105
Thornton, S. F. 145
Tillman, R.W. 1
Todd, D.E. 5
Tran, T.S. 42
Tschaplinski, T.J. 5
Tsyganov, A.R. 18
Tuttle, A.P. 106
Twigden, T.K. 2
Tyler, D.D. 128
Ughini, V. 68
Uribe, E. 97
Vallis, I. 30
Van Kessel, C. 135
Vaughan, B. 133
Verma, D.P. 7
Vigil, M.F. 50
Voss, R. 31
Wall, D.A. 10, 99, 134
Walters, D.T. 152
Warman, P.R. 112
Webb, J. 31
Webb, J.R. 130
Weinbaum, S.A. 136
Wendt, C.W. 90, 125
Westfall, D.G. 129
Westfall, S.E. 115
Whitney, D.A. 83, 126
Whitney, R.D. 63
Wichman, D.M. 15
Wijesundara, C. 111
Williams, K.A. 53
Willis, L.E. 48
Wilson, D.O. 10, 45, 99
Wilson, I.B. 32
Woollons, R.C. 148
Worley, R.E. 66, 98
Wortmann, C.S. 23
Yamada, I. 121
Yorston, J. 113
Ystaas, J. 87
Yusoff, M.N.M. 72
Zhang, J. 71
SUBJECT INDEX
Abies balsamea 153
Abies fraseri 22, 24, 56
Accuracy 45, 101
Acer saccharum 153
Acetylene reduction 84
Acid deposition 105
Acid soils 1, 15, 44, 65, 72, 90, 94
Acidification 54, 126, 138
Acidulated phosphates 94
Acidulation 94
Adjustment 24
Adsorption 1
Adults 96
Aeration 4, 12
Age of trees 24, 114
Agricultural soils 62
Air pollution 105
Air temperature 121
Alberta 16
Alkaline soils 15
Allium cepa 2
Alluvial soils 7
Aluminum 69, 72, 123
Aluminum oxide 94
Aluminum phosphate 109, 110
Ammonia 126, 152
Ammonium 151
Ammonium chloride 33, 109
Ammonium fertilizers 30
Ammonium fluoride 109
Ammonium hydroxide 124
Ammonium nitrate 42, 54, 64, 81, 126, 150
Ammonium nitrogen 48, 50, 64, 126
Ammonium phosphates 54, 124
Ammonium polyphosphates 152
Ammonium sulfate 16, 107
Ammonium thiosulfate 83
Anaerobic digestion 149
Analysis of variance 57
Analytical methods 62
Andisols 121
Anion exchange 89
Anthurium 79
Anticarsia gemmatalis 96
Apatite 109, 110
Application 60, 61, 116
Application date 40, 59, 74, 81, 138
Application methods 49, 113
Application rates 1, 2, 4, 6, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 25, 31,
32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 47, 48, 53, 55, 58, 62,
63, 65, 66, 69, 71, 75, 79, 81, 82, 83, 85, 87, 89, 90, 91,
92, 95, 96, 97, 102, 107, 108, 111, 112, 115, 117, 119, 120,
122, 123, 125, 130, 138, 141, 144, 151, 152
Application to land 70
Applications 149
Arachis hypogaea 72
Argillic horizons 50
Arizona 58, 59, 88
Assimilation 3, 16, 30
Australia 32, 33, 109, 138
Autocorrelation 135
Available water 32
Avena sativa 65, 91
Band placement 12, 83, 128, 129, 152
Basal area 114
Basin irrigation 59
Beans 94
Beef production 138
Bentonite 16
Bibliographies 131
Bicarbonates 109
Bioassays 88, 143, 144
Biogas 149
Biological indicators 107
Biomass 30, 62
Biomass production 5, 32, 94, 119
Bitter pit 68
Boehmite 109
Bolivia 94
Boron 24, 68, 82
Bradyrhizobium 54
Bradyrhizobium japonicum 78
Brassica campestris 82
Brassica juncea 7
Brassica napus 16, 32, 82
Broadcasting 48, 65, 83, 128, 152
Bromus inermis 77
Buffering capacity 1
Bulk density 12, 126
Byelorussian ssr 18
Calcareous soils 19, 54
Calcite 109, 110
Calcium 10, 20, 24, 26, 72, 84, 89, 116, 118, 126, 136, 141
Calcium chloride 69
Calcium phosphate 89
Calcium phosphates 14
Calcium silicate 122
Calibration 104
California 93, 115
Canada 77
Canopy 116
Capsicum annuum 40, 104
Carbon 62, 64, 141
Carbon cycle 30
Carbon-nitrogen ratio 50, 62, 64, 141
Carex 115
Carica papaya 8
Carotenoids 105
Carya illinoensis 66, 98
Cation exchange capacity 111, 126
Cattle manure 81, 149
Chemical analysis 135
Chemical composition 32, 43, 84, 94, 153
Chernozemic soils 135
Chiselling 12, 141
Chlorophyll 105
Chlorosis 54
Citrullus lanatus 104
Citrus 93
Citrus aurantium 67
Citrus sinensis 48, 67, 101
Citrus sinensis x poncirus trifoliata 67
Clay fraction 62, 64
Clay loam soils 12, 32, 58, 70, 111
Clay soils 14, 30, 111
Climatic factors 12, 32, 42, 149
Clouds 105
Clovers 51
Coatings 121
Colombia 94
Color 4
Compaction 94
Comparisons 33, 75, 99, 101, 102, 110, 112, 149
Components 77
Composts 149
Computer software 27, 45, 134
Concentration 77
Conifer needles 105
Conservation tillage 83
Container grown plants 63
Continuous cropping 35, 141
Controlled release 121
Copper 7, 20, 24, 70, 111, 126
Copper sulfate 70, 111
Correction factors 118
Correlation 1, 13, 14, 57, 92
Correlation analysis 137
Cost benefit analysis 138
Cost effectiveness analysis 130
Covers 115
Crop growth stage 32, 59, 62, 64, 76, 81, 91, 95, 120
Crop management 83
Crop mixtures 77
Crop production 3, 7, 32, 61, 79, 94, 152
Crop quality 58, 59
Crop residues 50, 64, 83
Crop yield 6, 7, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 28, 31, 32, 35,
36, 38, 40, 42, 43, 47, 52, 57, 58, 59, 66, 69, 70, 75, 77,
81, 82, 83, 88, 91, 92, 94, 96, 97, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111,
120, 122, 126, 130, 135, 137, 141, 149, 152
Cropping systems 72, 97
Crops 52
Crown 30
Cucumis melo 104
Cucurbita pepo 73
Cultivars 15, 58, 66, 91, 100
Cultural control 96
Cutting 30
Cuttings 102
Cycling 64
Cynodon 4
Cynodon dactylon 4
Dairy cattle 81
Decomposition 50, 60
Deficiency diseases 68
Dendranthema morifolium 53
Denitrification 62
Density 4
Desorption 14
Determination 110
Developing countries 149
Developmental stages 74, 119
Diagnosis 100
Diagnostic techniques 101
Diameter 24, 48
Diammonium phosphate 149
Diffusion 121
Discing 12
Dissolving 121
Double cropping 50, 60
Dris 19, 23, 24, 27, 36, 45, 56, 99, 118
Dry matter 69, 82
Dry matter accumulation 1, 14, 20, 28, 42, 54, 62, 64, 74,
76, 81, 84, 89, 90, 92, 94, 95, 105, 120, 125
Economic analysis 72, 82
Economic viability 31
Ectomycorrhizas 63
Effects 49
Effluents 149
Emergence 74
England 116
Environmental factors 149
Enzyme activity 84
Equations 6, 14, 24, 121, 129, 140
Eragrostis tef 13, 14
Eroded soils 57
Errors 57, 118
Estimation 109
Eucalyptus grandis 143, 144
Europe 41
Evaluation 107
Evaporation 32
Exchangeable cations 5, 69, 116, 123, 126
Exchangeable sodium 126
Experimental design 57
Extractants 37, 109, 112
Extraction 1, 6, 13, 14, 89, 95, 109, 110, 112
Factorial analysis 148
Fagopyrum esculentum 3
Farm inputs 64
Farm planning 61
Fertigation 48, 66, 67
Fertilizer analysis 93
Fertilizer injury 111
Fertilizer requirement determination 6, 7, 14, 19, 20, 21,
22, 27, 28, 31, 42, 43, 45, 47, 58, 59, 61, 75, 79, 82, 83,
89, 91, 97, 100, 104, 107, 109, 118, 122, 127, 128, 131, 133,
134, 137, 141, 143
Fertilizers 18, 38, 51, 55, 60, 74, 85, 87, 93, 106, 112,
115, 116, 117, 125, 141, 142, 148, 151
Field experimentation 38, 51, 57, 111
Filtration 124
Fixation 89
Flail mowers 4
Florida 20, 27, 28, 29, 48, 73, 104
Flowering 79
Fluorine 89
Fodder crops 117
Foliage 42, 56, 150
Foliar diagnosis 8, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 39, 41, 45, 86,
113, 114, 142, 144, 147
Foliar nutrition 56, 67, 143, 148
Foliar spraying 65
Forage 20
Forest soils 88
Fractionation 64, 95, 109
France 64
Frequency 48, 63
Fruit trees 9, 18, 74, 113
Fruits 40, 74
Furrows 128
Georgia 4, 45, 66
German democratic republic 9
Ghana 47
Gibbsite 109, 110
Glacial till soils 152
Gley podzols 42
Glomus intraradices 77
Glomus mosseae 78
Glycine max 10, 12, 31, 45, 47, 60, 76, 78, 96, 97, 99, 118,
120, 126, 130, 134, 141
Goethite 109, 110
Gossypium 119
Gossypium hirsutum 43, 57, 75
Grain 7, 16, 32, 34, 58, 59, 65, 81, 82, 83, 94, 107, 111,
126, 130, 135, 137, 141, 152
Granules 121
Grassland management 138
Grassland soils 30, 44
Gravel 115
Greenhouse crops 36
Greenhouse culture 14, 54
Greenhouse soils 26
Groundwater 5
Growing media 53
Growth 12, 13, 49, 60, 63, 71, 89, 94, 109, 112, 114, 144
Growth analysis 12, 30, 90, 115
Growth chambers 105
Growth rate 48, 90, 102, 108, 113, 150, 151
Guidelines 111
Harvesting date 42
Hawaii 8, 79
Heading 152
Hevea 72
High altitude 115
Hordeum vulgare 16, 34, 35, 65, 69, 88
Humid tropics 97
Hydrochloric acid 109
Hyphae 78
Idaho 37, 85
Illinois 82
Immobilization 62, 64
Incorporation 16
Increment 150
Indexes of nutrient availability 118
India 7
Insect control 96
Integrated systems 10, 20, 22, 98
Interactions 77
Internodes 76
Iowa 12, 31, 80, 130, 141
Iran 19
Iron 7, 20, 24, 54, 65, 126
Iron fertilizers 54, 65
Iron oxides 94
Iron phosphates 109, 110
Irrigated soils 32
Irrigated stands 58, 59
Irrigation 32
Irrigation systems 73
Irrigation water 67
Isotope dilution 33, 62
Isotope labeling 50
Isotopes 135
Italy 68
Japan 121
Juglans regia 136
Kansas 50, 83, 124, 126
Kaolinite 109
Kernels 11
Kinetics 121
Laboratory tests 38
Laccaria 63
Lactuca sativa 28, 29
Land improvement 115
Larvae 96
Lateritic soils 92, 109, 110
Lawns and turf 85
Leaching 5, 16
Leaf area 11, 136
Leaves 6, 11, 40, 54, 66, 67, 76, 83, 87, 100, 107, 111, 112,
118, 120, 122, 136, 137
Length 12
Leucaena leucocephala 1
Light intensity 136
Lime 3, 44, 69, 72
Liming 1, 51, 123
Linum usitatissimum 38
Liquid fertilizers 36
Litchi chinensis 74
Lithuanian ssr 142
Loam soils 14, 24, 54, 87, 141
Loess soils 152
Lolium perenne 1
Long term experiments 31, 70, 87, 111, 130
Losses from soil systems 30, 62, 81
Louisiana 60, 117, 119, 123, 134
Lupinus albus 54
Lupinus angustifolius 33
Luvisols 16
Lycopersicon esculentum 36, 49, 104
Magnesium 20, 24, 26, 72, 96, 122, 126, 136, 141
Magnesium fertilizers 96
Maine 91
Maize ears 11
Maize silage 81, 111
Malaysia 72
Malus 21, 100
Malus pumila 17, 39, 41, 68, 102, 142, 147
Manganese 7, 10, 20, 24, 45, 54, 69, 118, 126
Manures 3
Mathematical models 7, 14, 52, 129
Mathematics 121
Maturation 82
Maturity stage 91
Measurement 13, 24, 33
Medicago sativa 37, 65, 77, 95
Metabolism 120
Methodology 8
Michigan 153
Micropropagation 102
Milk production 138
Mined land 117
Mineral content 6, 23, 28, 40, 67, 73, 76, 78, 136
Mineral deficiencies 16, 28, 45, 65
Mineral excess 45
Mineral nutrition 8, 120, 137
Mineralization 43, 50, 62
Minnesota 153
Mists 105
Mixtures 117, 149
Modification 24, 33, 118
Moisture content 82
Monoammonium phosphate 124
Montana 15, 34, 35
Mosses 116
Mountain forests 105
Mountains 105
Movement in soil 58
Mowers 4
Mowing 4
Muck soils 122
Mulching 73
Multivariate analysis 148
Musa 25
National parks 115
Nebraska 152
Net assimilation rate 90
New Brunswick 147
New Mexico 43, 55
New South Wales 69, 148
New Zealand 100
Nezara viridula 96
Nicotiana tabacum 112
Nitrate 81, 151
Nitrate nitrogen 43, 48, 50, 58, 59, 64, 81, 91, 126, 141,
146
Nitrates 5, 18, 108
Nitrification 5
Nitrogen 7, 20, 23, 24, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 50, 54, 58, 59,
62, 64, 75, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 88, 107, 119, 121, 128,
135, 141, 143, 144, 149, 151
Nitrogen content 2, 9, 23, 33, 36, 40, 42, 64, 76, 77, 78,
80, 105, 119, 135, 136, 138, 151
Nitrogen cycle 30
Nitrogen fertilizers 2, 4, 5, 9, 32, 34, 35, 36, 52, 57, 58,
59, 62, 66, 73, 75, 80, 91, 102, 108, 114, 119, 137, 138, 146
Nitrogen fixation 33, 54, 78, 84, 135
Nitrogenase 84
No-tillage 12, 34, 35, 83, 128, 129, 141
Nodulation 54, 84
North Carolina 24, 56
North Dakota 127
Northern england 114
Norway 87
Nova Scotia 112
Npk fertilizers “4, 11, 39, 40, 41, 48, 49, 53, 79
Nurseries 18
Nutrient availability 1, 3, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 16, 25, 30, 33,
43, 50, 54, 65, 67, 71, 75, 80, 81, 84, 86, 88, 89, 94, 95,
107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 121, 122, 125, 126, 130, 135, 141,
151, 152
Nutrient balance 77, 140
Nutrient content 1, 11, 14, 23, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 40,
49, 54, 56, 60, 62, 65, 67, 74, 76, 78, 81, 82, 83, 87, 95,
99, 100, 105, 107, 112, 120, 122, 136, 140, 141, 142, 148, 150
Nutrient deficiencies 8, 10, 25, 27, 29, 30, 54, 89, 99, 101,
107, 122, 130, 151, 152
Nutrient excesses 107, 130
Nutrient nutrient interactions 122
Nutrient requirements 6, 20, 23, 24, 28, 82, 89, 100, 118,
123
Nutrient reserves 74
Nutrient retention 116
Nutrient solutions 36, 53, 102
Nutrient sources 54, 81, 94
Nutrient transport 54, 78, 120
Nutrient uptake 1, 5, 11, 13, 14, 16, 33, 34, 40, 42, 47, 49,
50, 54, 58, 59, 60, 62, 64, 71, 75, 76, 78, 80, 81, 89, 91,
94, 95, 116, 119, 120, 122, 143, 144, 147, 152
Nutrition surveys 24
Nutritional state 75, 99, 107, 122
Nutritive value 17
Nymphs 96
Ohio 3
Olefin 121
Operating costs 31
Optimization 82, 107
Orchards 9, 17, 21, 100, 142
Oregon 89
Organic compounds 62
Organic fertilizers 4
Oryza sativa 75, 94
Oxidation 16
Oxisols 72
Ozone 105
Pakistan 57
Panicles 74
Panicum maximum var. trichoglume 30
Paper mill sludge 117
Particle size 64
Particle size distribution 126
Paspalum dilatatum 26
Paspalum notatum 20, 27
Pastures 20, 138
Pellets 94
Penetration 93
Pennisetum Americanum 90, 125
Pennsylvania 49
Permeability 124
Peru 97
Pesticides 61
Petioles 43, 76, 91
Phaseolus vulgaris 23, 94, 95, 104
Phleum pratense 65, 77
Phosphoric acid 12
Phosphorus 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 14, 20, 23, 24, 31, 37, 44, 54,
77, 78, 84, 85, 88, 89, 92, 96, 109, 110, 116, 118, 120, 123,
125, 126, 128, 136, 141, 143, 144, 149, 152
Phosphorus fertilizers 1, 15, 31, 47, 52, 57, 63, 71, 77, 90,
92, 93, 96, 102, 109, 110, 113, 114, 120, 123, 129
Phosphorus pentoxide 128
Photosynthates 78
Photosynthesis 105, 125
Physicochemical properties 14, 95, 121, 149
Phytotoxicity 69, 111
Picea mariana 63
Picea rubens 105
Picea sitchensis 114
Pig manure 70
Pinus banksiana 63, 153
Pinus ponderosa 88
Pinus radiata 148
Pinus resinosa 153
Pinus taeda 86
Pisum sativum 37
Placement 34, 35, 71, 75
Plant analysis 2, 3, 11, 16, 18, 20, 21, 25, 29, 32, 33, 42,
43, 47, 49, 54, 58, 59, 64, 65, 66, 73, 74, 80, 82, 83, 91,
95, 97, 99, 100, 107, 111, 116, 117, 118, 119, 122, 131, 135,
137, 140, 141
Plant colonization 115
Plant composition 77, 80, 91, 108
Plant development 54
Plant height 11, 48, 63, 89, 105, 111, 114, 144, 151
Plant histology 84
Plant interaction 88
Plant nutrition 8, 22, 24, 27, 36, 53, 55, 65, 72, 73, 79,
98, 101, 136, 137, 140
Plant organs 74
Plant residues 37, 60
Plant succession 115
Plant tissues 16, 65, 82
Planting stock 102
Platanus occidentalis 5
Plowing 141
Pods 32, 76, 120
Poland 39
Polyethylene film 73
Polymers 121
Population density 96
Population dynamicsñ 96
Populus tremuloides 153
Pot experimentation 62, 69, 94
Pot plants 63
Potassium 2, 7, 10, 13, 20, 23, 24, 25, 31, 78, 82, 84, 85,
88, 96, 97, 116, 118, 123, 126, 128, 130, 136, 141, 143, 144,
149
Potassium chloride 7, 12
Potassium fertilizers 4, 13, 25, 31, 52, 73, 75, 96, 97, 114,
123, 128, 130
Potassium sulfate 33
Potting 115
Prairie soils 95
Precipitation 81
Prediction 52, 80
Preplanting treatment 152
Prince edward Island 65
Probabilistic models 75
Problem analysis 149
Production costs 31
Productivity 138
Profiles 43
Profitability 31, 130, 138
Protein content 34
Prunus avium 87
Pseudotsuga menziesii 150, 151
Pyrus communis 89
Quantitative analysis 57
Quebec 42
Queensland 30
Quercus gambelii 88
Quercus robur 116
Rain 32
Random sampling 128, 129
Rapeseed oil 32
Rapid methods 25
Ratooning 122
Reclamation 117
Record keeping 61
Recovery 58, 59
Red brown earths 32, 33
Regression analysis3 14, 50, 88
Relationships 109
Representative sampling 127
Residual effects 7, 16, 31, 43, 58, 129, 149
Residues 109, 110
Respiration 30, 105
Responses 11
Returns 31, 130
Reviews 118
Rhizobiaceae 84
Rhizobium 84
Rhizobium lupini 33
Rhizosphere 12, 30, 54
Rice straw 94
Ridging 12, 141
Rock phosphate 3, 94
Root nodules 54, 78, 84
Root shoot ratio 151
Root systems 54, 67
Roots 12, 30, 42, 54, 60, 64, 71, 78, 143, 144
Rootstocks 102
Rotary mowers 4
Rotations 16, 31, 73, 91, 122, 130, 141
Rsfsr 41
Saccharum 122
Saline water 67
Salinity 36
Samples 127
Sampling 44, 128, 135
Sand fraction 64
Sandy loam soils 7, 58, 70, 81, 111
Sandy soils 2, 14, 87, 90
Saskatchewan 95, 135
Scotland 114
Seasonal growth 42, 64
Seasonal variation 16, 31, 50, 56, 81, 141
Seed cones 56
Seed dressings 152
Seed production 56
Seedling growth 151
Seedlings 63, 80, 89, 105, 143, 150, 151
Seeds˜ 16, 32, 96, 99, 120, 152
Semiarid climate 43, 58, 59, 90
Semiarid soils 90
Sequential cropping 7
Sesbania 84
Shading 30
Shoots 4, 30, 48, 54
Sidedressing 108
Silica 2
Silicon 122
Silt fraction 64
Silt loam soils 37, 50, 62, 70, 82, 94, 123, 124, 128
Simulation 121
Simulation models 50
Site factors 73
Site types 116
Size 115, 152
Slags 122
Sloping land 57
Slow release fertilizers 16
Small fruits 18
Social barriers 149
Sodium acetate 37
Sodium bicarbonate 37
Sodium carbonate 89
Sodium chloride 109
Sodium hydroxide 109
Soil 67
Soil acidity 51, 69, 138
Soil amendments 16, 37
Soil analysis 4, 9, 13, 18, 21, 32, 39, 41, 42, 43, 48, 60,
64, 66, 68, 70, 81, 95, 106, 108, 111, 112, 113, 122, 123,
124, 126, 135, 142
Soil chemistry 97, 117, 135, 145
Soil compaction 12, 126
Soil conservation 83
Soil depth 12, 64, 81, 128, 141
Soil fertility 7, 11, 15, 21, 24, 26, 37, 43, 47, 52, 69, 70,
75, 80, 88, 90, 93, 96, 103, 118, 123, 125, 127, 129, 133,
138, 139, 148, 149
Soil flora 30, 62, 64
Soil injection 12, 83
Soil inoculation 63, 77
Soil management 72
Soil organic matter 30, 64, 106, 124, 126, 141
Soil ph 1, 4, 51, 65, 69, 70, 95, 111, 123, 126, 141
Soil properties 15, 47
Soil solution 14, 53, 81, 89
Soil strength 12
Soil temperature 50, 121
Soil test values 1, 6, 7, 31, 52, 89, 92, 109, 110, 128, 129,
130, 133
Soil testing 1, 15, 31, 34, 35, 37, 44, 55, 61, 85, 89, 104,
110, 127, 128, 129, 131, 133, 146, 152
Soil texture 58
Soil treatment 57, 65, 149
Soil types 38
Soil types (genetic) 13, 111
Soil types (mineralogical) 14
Soil variability 57, 75, 129
Soil water 106, 121
Soil water content 12, 32, 50, 90, 115, 126
Soil water movement 117
Soil water potential 37, 126
Soils 103, 132, 139, 145
Solanum tuberosum 42, 91
Solubility 14, 89, 109, 110
Sorghum 50, 126, 152
Sorghum bicolor 50, 83
Sorption 14, 89, 109, 110
Sorption isotherms 89
Source sink relations 120
Sources 92
South Africa 144
South australia 2
South Dakota 146
Soybeans 99
Spacing 40
Spain 11
Spatial distribution 12, 30, 57, 64, 67, 71, 95
Spatial variation 57, 75, 117, 128, 129, 135
Species 116
Split dressings 32, 40, 65
Spurs 136
Squashes 73
Ssorption isotherms 14
Starter dressings 32
Statistical analysis 54, 94, 121, 135
Statistical methods 57
Stem nodules 84
Stems 24, 58, 59, 76
Stenotaphrum secundatum 27
Sterility 26
Subsurface application 50
Subsurface layers 43
Sulfur 16, 33, 82, 85, 88
Sulfur coated urea 43
Summer 56
Superphosphate 3, 7
Surface layers 43
Survival 115
Sustainability 7, 31, 138, 141
Talc 121
Technology 149
Temporal variation 12, 42, 62, 76, 82
Tennessee 5
Testing 51
Texas 125
Thatch 4
Theory 140
Tillage 12, 60
Tillering 152
Time 121
Tissue culture 102
Tissues 150, 153
Top dressings 4
Trace element deficiencies 111
Trace element fertilizers 7
Transfer 77
Translocation 42
Transpiration 125
Transplanting 115
Trees 66
Trends 57
Trials 51
Triammonium phosphate 124
Trickle irrigation 66
Trifolium pratense 91
Trifolium repens 123
Trifolium subterraneum 123
Triple superphosphate 6, 94, 150
Triticum aestivum 3, 7, 15, 33, 34, 35, 37, 50, 54, 57, 60,
62, 75, 92, 126, 135, 152
Triticum durum 58, 59
Triticum turgidum 58, 59
Tropical grasslands 138
Tropical soils 72
Trunks 48
Tsuga heterophylla 150, 151
Tubers 42, 91
U.S.S.R. 41
Udolls 31
Ultisols 72, 97
Urea 7, 11, 30, 43, 121, 135, 149, 150
Urea ammonium nitrate 12, 83, 126, 128
Urea ammonium phosphate 135
Use efficiency 12, 33, 35, 42, 62, 75, 83, 94, 121, 141, 152
Varietal reactions 91
Vegetables 55, 106, 108, 132
Vegetation 82
Vegetative propagation 102
Vermont 81
Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizas 78
Vinyl compounds 121
Virginia 22, 24, 70, 105
Volcanic soils 89"
Washington 57, 62
Waste disposal 70
Water deficit 32
Water pollution 5
Water stress 90, 125
Water supply 90
Water use 32
Water use efficiency 32, 125
Weight 11, 12, 42, 63, 82, 136, 152
Wheat straw 135, 152
Wheel tracks 12
Winter 56
Winter wheat 57, 152
Wisconsin 153
Woodlands 116
Yield components 32, 120
Yield increases 26
Yield response functions 2, 14, 39, 41, 52, 69, 75, 87, 113,
117, 119, 123, 137, 142, 146
Yields 56, 110
Zea mays 6, 7, 11, 12, 19, 31, 64, 70, 71, 72, 78, 80, 81,
97, 107, 111, 126, 128, 130, 137, 141, 146
Zinc 7, 10, 20, 24, 95, 111, 118, 126
Zinc fertilizers 95
Zinc sulfate 111
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http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/AFSIC_pubs/qb93-54, July 1993
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