TITLE: Wastewater Irrigation
PUBLICATION DATE: July 1993
ENTRY DATE: April 1995
EXPIRATION DATE:
UPDATE FREQUENCY:
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==============================================================
ISSN: 1052-5378
United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library
10301 Baltimore Blvd.
Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351
Wastewater Irrigation
January 1990 - June 1993
QB 93-55
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Wastewater Irrigation
January 1990 - June 1993
Quick Bibliography Series: QB 93-55
158 citations from AGRICOLA
Karl Schneider
Reference and User Services Branch
July 1993 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
Schneider, Karl
Wastewater irrigation.
1. Irrigation water--Bibliography. 2. Water-supply,
Agricultural--Bibliography. 3. Land treatment of wastewater--
Bibliography. I. Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.93-55 AGRICOLA
Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA
database between January 1979 and the present.
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sample journal article, book, and audiovisual citations
appears below.
JOURNAL ARTICLE:
Citation # NAL Call No.
Article title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher. Journal Title.
Date. Volume (Issue). Pages. (NAL Call Number).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8.SCH6
Morrison, S.B. Denver, Colo.: American School Food Service
Association. School foodservice journal. Sept 1987. v. 41
(8). p.48-50. ill.
BOOK:
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Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date. Information
on pagination, indices, or bibliographies.
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1 NAL Call No.: DNAL RM218.K36 1987
Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
Kane, June Kozak. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.
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AUDIOVISUAL:
Citation # NAL Call Number
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Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date.
Supplemental information such as funding. Media format
(i.e., videocassette): Description (sound, color, size).
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1 NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV
All aboard the nutri-train.
Mayo, Cynthia. Richmond, Va.: Richmond Public Schools,
1981. NET funded. Activity packet prepared by Cynthia
Mayo. 1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +
activity packet. Wastewater Irrigation
Search Strategy
1. SS EFFLUENT? OR WASTEWATER? OR SLUDGE? OR
WATER?(S)(PROCESS? OR DISCHARG?)
2. SS IRRIGAT? OR CROP?(3N)WATER? OR RECHARG?
3. C14*8
4. L15/1990:1993
WASTEWATER IRRIGATION
1 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Agricultural and munipal use of wastewater.
Bouwer, H.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1992.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 26
(7/8): p. 1583-1591; 1992. In the series analytic: Water
Quality International '92. Part 4 / edited by M. Suzuki, et
al. Proceedings of the Sixtennth Biennial Conference of the
International Association on Water Pollution Research and
Control, held May 24-30, 1992, Washington, D.C. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Refuse; Waste water treatment; Water reuse;
Irrigation water; Water quality; Quality standards
2 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Anaerobic/aerobic pretreatment of sugarcane mill wastewater
for application of drip irrigation.
Yang, P.Y.; Chang, L.J.; Whalen, S.A.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 24 (9):
p. 243-250; 1991. In the series analytic: Wastewater
Reclamation and Reuse/edited by R. Mujeriego and T. Asano.
Proceedings of the International Symposium of Wastewate
Reclamation and Reuse, September 24-26, 1991, Costa Brava,
Spain. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hawaii; Sugarcane; Sugar factory waste; Waste
water treatment; Aerobic treatment; Anaerobic treatment;
Pretreatment; Water reuse; Irrigation water; Trickle
irrigation; Organic compounds; Solid wastes; Removal;
Hydraulics; Retention; Time; Aeration; Lagoons; Cost analysis
3 NAL Call. No.: TD172.J6
An animal model to assess the potential for viral disease
transmission from lawns irrigated with wastewater.
Deming, E.J.; Mote, C.R.; Von Bernuth, R.D.; Potgieter, L.N.D.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992 Dec.
Journal of environmental science and health : Part A :
Environmental science and engineering v. 27 (8): p. 2199-2211;
1992 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Irrigation; Waste water;
Contamination; Porcine enterovirus; Pigs; Disease
transmission; Animal models; Disease models; Human diseases;
Infection; Risk
4 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 W295
Applicability of the steady state flow assumption for solute
advection in field soils.
Destouni, G.
Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union; 1991 Aug.
Water resources research v. 27 (8): p. 2129-2140; 1991 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Agricultural soils; Solutes; Transport processes;
Transient flow; Soil water movement; Soil texture; Soil depth;
Plant water relations; Simulation models
Abstract: A comparison between solute travel times predicted
by a transient and a steady state flow model is made. Data for
five different soil profiles with detailed measurements of
their hydraulic properties and their variation with depth are
used. Daily measurements of meteorological data are used as
input parameters in the transient simulations that include
snow and frost dynamics, interception of precipitation, and
evapotranspiration. The parameters of the steady state flow
model are related to the measured soil properties and the
hydrological characteristics of each transient simulation.
Furthermore, the influence of solute injection time on the
predicted travel time is analyzed, and the effect of root
water uptake on the applicability, of the steady state flow
assumption for solute advection is investigated. The results
indicate that the steady, state flow model may provide
estimates of the mean solute advection that are compatible
with those of the transient flow model. The constant rate of
recharge in the steady state flow, model should then be
interpreted as the average annual effective infiltration
(i.e., infiltration minus actual evapotranspiration). When
root water uptake is accounted for, an arithmetic depth-
averaging of the soil parameters appears to yield steady state
estimates of arrival time that are closest to the transient
predictions. When root water uptake is neglected, a harmonic
depth-averaging of the soil parameters provides the best
steady state results. The discrepancy between the arrival
times predicted with the two flow models decreases with the
travel distance from the soil surface.
5 NAL Call. No.: S612.I756
Application of a hydraulic model for testing management
decisions at distributary level.
Bhutta, M.N.; Kijne, J.W.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Irrigation science v. 13 (1): p. 15-20; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pakistan punjab; Irrigation systems; Water
allocation; Surface water; Water distribution; Simulation
models; Canals; Channels; Discharge; Water use; Water policy
Abstract: This study was conducted on the Lagar Distributary
of Gugera Branch of Lower Chenab Canal, Punjab, Pakistan. A
computer model "MISTRAL" was adopted for evaluating management
options. The study showed that the model can be used as a
decision support tool for prioritizing management options. The
model suggests that under current physical conditions of this
distributary the combination of rotation between the
distributaries and along the distributary canals can improve
the equity of water discharge. For example, in case of Lagar
Distributary the discharge of tail outlets can be increased
threefold by introducing rotation between the tail of the
distributary and an offtaking minor canal. A small decrease in
the discharge of the minor would result from adopting this
option. A combination of rotations between this and
neighboring distributaries and along the Lagar itself can
increase the discharge of tail outlets up to seven times. The
results of the model indicate that operational changes can
improve the discharge of tall outlets to some extent, but the
improvement of physical conditions of the distributary is
needed to achieve equity conditions, as specified in the
design.
6 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Appropriate industrial waste management technologies: the New
Zealand meat industry.
Rao Bhamidimarri, S.M.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 24 (1):
p. 89-95; 1991. Paper presented at the "First IAWPRC East
African Regional Conference on Industrial Wastewaters,"
October 25-28, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Zealand; Meat and livestock industry;
Industrial wastes; Waste treatment; Technology; Organic
fertilizers; Organic farming; Water reuse; Irrigation water
7 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Appropriate wastewater treatment and reuse in Morocco-Boujad:
a case study. Niedrum, S.B.; Karioun, A.; Mara, D.D.; Mills,
S.W.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 24 (9):
p. 205-213; 1991. In the series analytic: Wastewater
Reclamation and Reuse/edited by R. Mujeriego and T. Asano.
Proceedings of the International Symposium of Wastewate
Reclamation and Reuse, September 24-26, 1991, Costa Brava,
Spain. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Morocco; Effluents; Waste water treatment;
Stabilizing; Ponds; Water reuse; Irrigation water; Water
quality; Microbial contamination; Public health; Health
protection; Case studies; Algae; Organic fertilizers; Yield
response functions
8 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
The Carini experimental station for wastewater reuse in
agriculture--preliminary indications.
Croce, F.; Pollara, J.R.; Oliveri, R.L.; Torregrossa, M.V.;
Valentino, L. Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1992.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 26
(9/11): p. 2617-2620; 1992. In the series analytic: Water
Quality International '92. Part 5 / edited by M. Suzuki,
et.al. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Biennial Conference of the
International Association on Water Pollution Research and
Control held May 24-30, 1992, Washington, D.C.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sicily; Waste water treatment; Water reuse;
Irrigation water; Soil pollution; Human diseases; Pathogens
9 NAL Call. No.: TD172.J6
Characterization and control of domestic wastewater in
Bahrain: assessment of possible applications.
Akhter, M.S.; Madany, I.M.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Journal of environmental science and health : Part A :
Environmental science and engineering v. 26 (6): p. 971-979;
1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Bahrain; Waste water; Water reuse; Treatment;
Chemical analysis; Irrigation water; Groundwater recharge;
Landscaping
10 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 J82
Checks on the measurement of potential evapotranspiration
using water balance data and independent measures of
groundwater recharge.
Essery, C.I.; Wilcock, D.N.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Scientific Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Dec01.
Journal of hydrology v. 120 (1/4): p. 51-64; 1990 Dec01.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Northern ireland; Evapotranspiration;
Evaporation; Measurement; Water balance; Water table; Heat
flow; Temperate climate
Abstract: A twelve-year record of daily evaporation and
evapotranspiration measurements at the Coleraine campus of the
University of Ulster in Northern Ireland is analysed.
Potential evapotranspiration (PE) is independently derived
from: (i) Penman PT estimates; (ii) irrigated grass lysimeters
PE(L);, (iii) measurements of tank evaporation, PE(T). Both
PE(T) and PE(L) are higher in winter than PT and have more
prolonged summer peaks. Examination of soil moisture deficits
during the period shows that actual evapotranspiration (AE)
rarely falls below the potential rate and that PE and AE are
therefore equal for most of the year. The availability of
rainfall, stream discharge and groundwater data from an
instrumented river catchment on the University campus enables
water balances to be constructed for the period of study.
Separate water balances using each of the PE estimates show
that Penman PT most satisfactorily reflects catchment storage
changes monitored independently. Penman PT is therefore
confirmed as the most appropriate estimate of PE for the
climatic, soil and vegetation conditions of the region. The
use of Penman PT in water balance determinations, however,
does not secure perfect agreement between estimated recharge
and depletion of catchment storage on the one hand, and
observed changes in water-table level on the other. The
combined effects of error in surface water balance
determinations are estimated at about 13%.
11 NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6
Chemical effects of saline irrigation water on a San Joaquin
Valley soil. I. Column studies.
Thellier, C.; Sposito, G.; Holtzclaw, K.M.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Jan.
Journal of environmental quality v. 19 (1): p. 50-55; 1990
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Soil salinity; Irrigation water;
Saline water; Soil depth; Leaching; Exchangeable sodium;
Exchangeable cations; Saturation extract; Capillary rise;
Laboratory tests
Abstract: A glasshouse soil column experiment was performed
to characterize salinity and sodicity developed from waters of
differing composition applied to a representative soil from
the San Joaquin Valley of California. The soil column
experiment was designed to simulate physicochemical conditions
in a field experiment conducted in the western San Joaquin
Valley, where an Entisol above a shallow, saline aquifer was
irrigated with waters of varying quality. Columns 0.46 m long
containing the Entisol were leached with "California Aqueduct
water" (EC = 0.72 dS m-1, SAR = 4 mole(c) 1/2m-3/2 or with
saline "well water" (EC = 8 ds m-1, SAR = 13 mole(c) 1/2m-3/2)
for periods up to 1 yr. When a simulated "aquifer" was 0.43 m
below the soil surface, leaching with aqueduct water produced
a positive downward gradient of soluble salt concentrations
and exchangeable Na, whereas leaching with well water produced
a dramatic increase of sodicity at the soil surface and a zone
of soluble bivalent cation accumulation about 0.2 m below.
These effects reflected the combined influence of the applied
water quality and evaporative capillary arise from the saline
"aquifer." After the simulated "aquifer" was withdrawn, soil
saturation extracts indicated equilibration with the applied
waters after 0.5 to 1 yr, the rate being greater under
leaching with aqueduct water. The saturation extract and
drainage effluent for the soil receiving aqueduct water became
more dilute, producing calcite dissolution and increasing
exchangeable Ca, with a consequent decline in sodicity. The
soil receiving well water showed an increase in exchangeable
Na at the expense of exchangeable Ca, with little or no change
in exchangeable K and Mg. At the completion of the experiment,
the soil irrigated with well water had become more saline and
sodic but, since EC was sufficiently high as compared to SAR,
no major permeability problems with the soil were expected.
Therefore, from the results of this study, the reuse of saline
12 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 J82
The chemical evolution of groundwater in a first-order
catchment and the process of salt accumulation in the soil
profile.
Salama, R.B.; Farrington, P.; Bartle, G.A.; Watson, G.D.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Scientific Publishers, B.V.; 1993 Mar15.
Journal of hydrology v. 143 (3/4): p. 233-258; 1993 Mar15.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Western australia; Watersheds; Groundwater;
Salinity; Streams; Chemical composition; Surface water; Flow;
Ions; Salts; Water quality; Weathering; Gibbsite; Kaolinite;
Drainage water; Profiles; Rain; Geochemistry; Carbon dioxide;
Transpiration; Leakage; Aquifers; Evaporation
Abstract: The chemical characteristics of surface water, base
flow and groundwater in a first-order catchment in the
wheatbelt of Western Australia were used to study the
weathering process and its relationship to the development of
groundwater and stream salinity. Meteoric water infiltrates
through the unsaturated zone to the water table aquifer and
through the aquifer outcrop in the case of a confined aquifer.
The groundwater composition changes in space and time,
becoming more saline with depth and distance away from the
recharge zone. The concentration of salt in the system can be
explained by four main mechanisms: withdrawal of water through
uptake by plant roots for transpiration; loss of water during
the weathering process and the formation of new minerals;
leakage between aquifers; evaporation upstream of geological
structures and near discharge zones. The groundwater is mainly
of Na-Cl type, and is at saturation with respect to most of
the carbonate minerals, chalcedony, talc and tremolite. The
water changes in its chemical composition as rock-water
interaction takes place. The weathering products are gibbsite
and kaolinite, with the release of Na+ K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, HCO-3
and H4SiO4. The preclearing weathering products are produced
in a system open to CO2 (through the plant roots), with
groundwater under this system having excess Na+. After
clearing the system becomes depleted in CO2 and the
groundwater becomes depleted in Na+ through exchange with Mg2+
from the rock surface. Geochemical modelling showed that most
of the constituents in groundwater can be accounted for by
taking into consideration the constituents of rainfall, with
minor additions from the weathering process.
13 NAL Call. No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Citrus irrigation with reclaimed municipal wastewater.
Koo, R.C.J.; Zekri, M.
S.l. : The Society; 1990 May.
Proceedings of the ... annual meeting of the Florida State
Horticulture Society v. 102: p. 52-56; 1990 May. Proceedings
held October 31-November 2, 1989, Tampa, Florida. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Citrus sinensis; Irrigation; Irrigation
water; Waste water; Water quality; Plant nutrition
14 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
The clogging capacity of reclaimed wastewater: a new quality
criterion for drip irrigation.
Teltsch, B.; Juanico, M.; Azov, Y.; Ben-Harim, I.; Shelef, G.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 24 (9):
p. 123-131; 1991. In the series analytic: Wastewater
Reclamation and Reuse/edited by R. Mujeriego and T. Asano.
Proceedings of the International Symposium of Wastewate
Reclamation and Reuse, September 24-26, 1991, Costa Brava,
Spain. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Waste water treatment; Water reuse;
Irrigation water; Trickle irrigation; Water quality;
Requirements; Filtration; Capacity; Water pollution;
Particles; Control methods; Biological techniques; Freshwater
fishes; Plankton; Concentration
15 NAL Call. No.: TD172.J6
Comparative survival of enteric viruses and coliphage on
sewage irrigated grass.
Badawy, A.S.; Rose, J.B.; Gerba, C.P.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1990.
Journal of environmental science and health : Part A :
Environmental science and engineering v. 25 (8): p. 937-952;
1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Irrigation water; Activated
sludge; Sewage effluent; Water pollution; Enterovirus;
Survival; Health hazards
16 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Comparison between chlorine dioxide and chlorine for use as a
disinfectant of wastewater effluents.
Narkis, N.; Kott, Y.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1992.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 26
(7/8): p. 1483-1492; 1992. In the series analytic: Water
Quality International '92. Part 4 / edited by M. Suzuki, et
al. Proceedings of the Sixtennth Biennial Conference of the
International Association on Water Pollution Research and
Control, held May 24-30, 1992, Washington, D.C. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Refuse; Waste treatment; Effluents;
Disinfection; Disinfectants; Comparisons; Water reuse;
Irrigation water
17 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66
Considerations for tile drainage-water quality studies in
temperature regions. Milburn, P.; MacLeod, J.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1991 Mar. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 7
(2): p. 209-215; 1991 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water quality; Drainage; Tile drainage; Temperate
zones; Crop management; Discharge; Experimental design
Abstract: Experimental designs of 14 subsurface drainage-
water quality studies conducted over the past 18 years are
reviewed. To more accurately determine mass contaminant flux
and processes, more intense monitoring of drain discharge rate
and drainage water quality is needed than in most past
studies. A recently installed field scale system of subsurface
drainage-water quality plots and associated equipment, capable
of intense, year round monitoring, is described and
preliminary data showing performance of the system is
presented. The material presented should be of interest to
those planning and designing drainage-water quality studies,
or refitting existing drainage installation for water quality
investigations.
18 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Contamination of lettuces with nematode eggs by spray
irrigation with treated and untreated wastewater.
Ayres, R.M.; Stott, R.; Lee, D.L.; Mara, D.D.; Silva, S.A.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1992.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 26
(7/8): p. 1615-1623; 1992. In the series analytic: Water
Quality International '92. Part 4 / edited by M. Suzuki, et
al. Proceedings of the Sixtennth Biennial Conference of the
International Association on Water Pollution Research and
Control, held May 24-30, 1992, Washington, D.C. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brazil; Waste water treatment; Infestation;
Ascaridia galli; Ascaris lumbRicoides; Water reuse; Irrigation
water; Sprinkler irrigation; Lactuca sativa
19 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Control of nutrient mixing and uptake by irrigation frequency
and relative humidity.
Kargbo, D.; Skopp, J.; Knudsen, D.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Nov.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (6): p. 1023-1028; 1991 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Nutrient uptake; Irrigation scheduling;
Soil water content; Water uptake; Water availability; Field
capacity; Solutes; Soil solution; Transport processes;
Diffusion; Potassium; Phosphorus; Diffusivity; Relative
humidity; Soil pore system
Abstract: The distribution of nutrients and water between
mobile and immobile pores should influence nutrient uptake.
The distribution can be regulated through control of the
water-filled pore space. This research was conducted to
determine the effect of varying soil-water content and water
uptake upon nutrient uptake. Corn (Zea mays L.) was grown in a
growth chamber for 2 wk at 35 or 55% relative humidity (RH).
Three soils [Boelus LS, 5% slope (sandy over loamy, mixed,
mesic Udic Haplustoll); Boelus LS, 2% slope; and Plano Soil
(fine-silty, mixed, thermic Typic Haplustolf)] were watered to
field capacity. Plants on each soil were allowed to extract
water to one of three minimal levels before rewatering. After
harvest, P and K content and other root and leaf parameters
were determined. The values of minimal levels were chosen so
that, for each soil, the three values ensured no low-water
stress. Effective diffusion coefficients were determined for
the three soils. Increased minimal levels for a soil required
for frequent watering, which led to greater mixing of solutes
between pores. At 55% RH, no water treatment significantly
affected P and K flux, despite significant differences in
diffusion coefficients. At 35% RH, however, phosphate flux to
roots increased as minimum levels increased. The significant
increase of phosphate flux with more frequent watering at low
RH suggests that plant uptake is affected by soil physical
processes other than simple diffusion and convection to
individual roots. More frequent watering results in greater
mixing of solute between pores containing mobile and immobile
water and, consequently, greater uptake.
20 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
Control of root size and root environment of fruit trees for
optimal fruit production.
Bravdo, B.A.; Levin, I.; Assaf, R.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 15 (6/7): p. 699-712; 1992.
Paper presented at the "Workshop on Root Distribution, and
Chemistry and Biology of the Root-Soil Interface", January
9-11, 1990, Ithaca, New York. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Citrus; Malus pumila; Vitis vinifera; Root
systems; Roots; Size; Biomass; Fruits; Crop yield; Water
availability; Matric potential; Nutrient availability;
Fertilizers; Fertigation; Application rates; Trickle
irrigation; Irrigation requirements; Sensors; Automatic
irrigation systems
Abstract: Recent development in technologies of irrigation
and fertilization enable us to control root size and
environment under field conditions. Low volume irrigation and
fertilization affects root size and rate of rootlets
production and consequently vegetative and reproductive
processes of whole plants. The mechanisms involved seem to
include growth regulators production at the root apexes and
their translocation to the shoots. Field experiments in a few
species of deciduous trees and citrus, showed that root
systems are very flexible and can adjust to low volume
irrigation irrespective of age or size of the trees or stage
of development. Root restriction under field conditions was
found to cause precocity, increase productivity and reduce the
size of the trees. A greater number of trees per unit land can
be grown without reducing light penetration which is the most
important factor affecting physiological processes controlling
fruit bud differentiation, such as assimilate translocation,
photosynthetic efficiency fruit composition, size and
coloration. Control of root environment in terms of soil
matric potential, mineral concentration and aeration can also
be achieved by irrigating and fertilizing at the rate of
consumptive use. A non uniform distribution of water and
minerals was found to exist when a point source irrigation
such as drip was used. Nevertheless, a highly efficient uptake
of water and minerals were found under conditions of an almost
continuous supply of water and minerals by drip irrigation
systems. Results of various studies show that this phenomenon
may be attributed to transfer of water, minerals and air among
individual roots of a root system subjected to gradients of
water, minerals, and oxygen concentrations. A computer
controlled automated irrigation and fertilization system which
consists of soil matric potential sensors located in the main
root zone was developed. This system provides means for
controlling the size of the root system as well
21 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Dairy wastewater treatment and reuse.
Hadjivassilis, I.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 24 (1):
p. 83-87; 1991. Paper presented at the "First IAWPRC East
African Regional Conference on Industrial Wastewaters,"
October 25-28, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cyprus; Dairy industry; Industrial wastes; Waste
water treatment; Water reuse; Activated sludge; Irrigation
water
22 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Denitrification activity in the root zone of a sludge-amended
desert soil. Artiola, J.F.; Pepper, I.L.
Berlin : Springer International; 1992 Aug.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 13 (4): p. 200-205; 1992
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Gossypium hirsutum; Denitrification;
Desert soils; Nitrates; Roots; Sludges; Soil amendments; Clay
loam soils; Furrow irrigation
23 NAL Call. No.: TD419.R47
Denitrification by an expanded bed biofilm reactor.
MacDonald, D.V.
Alexandria, Va. : The Federation; 1990 Sep.
Research journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation v.
62 (6): p. 796-802. maps; 1990 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Waste water treatment;
Denitrification; Biofilms; Bioreactors; Design; Performance;
Installation; Effluents; Utilization; Irrigation water;
Groundwater recharge; Projects; Costs
24 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Design methods for the development of wastewater land disposal
systems. Thoma, K.; Baker, P.A.; Allender, E.B.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1993.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 27 (1):
p. 77-86; 1993. In the series analytic: Appropriate waste
management technologies / edited by G. Ho and K. Mathew.
Proceedings of the International Conference, held November
27-28, 1991, Perth, Australia. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South australia; Waste water; Waste disposal
sites; Application to land; Systems; Design; Industrial
wastes; Irrigation; Eucalyptus; Forest plantations; Soil
pollution
25 NAL Call. No.: GB701.W375 no.92-4024A
Detailed study of irrigation drainage in and near wildlife
management areas, west-central Nevada, 1987-90 Part A Water
quality, sediment composition, and hydrogeochemical processes
in Stillwater and Fernley Wildlife Management areas.. Water
quality, sediment composition, and hydrogeochemical processes
in Stillwater and Fernley Wildlife Management areas
Lico, Michael S.
Geological Survey (U.S.)
Carson City, Nev. : U.S. Geological Survey ; Denver, CO :
Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],; 1992.
vii, 65 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. (Water-resources
investigations report ; 92-4024A). U.S. Geological Survey ...
[et al.]. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-65).
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation; Water quality; Water
26 NAL Call. No.: S612.I756
Determination of evapotranspiration from an alfalfa crop
irrigated with saline waste water from an electrical power
plant.
Malek, E.; Bingham, G.E.; McCurdy, G.D.; Hanks, R.J.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Irrigation science v. 13 (2): p. 73-80; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Utah; Medicago sativa; Evapotranspiration;
Irrigated stands; Irrigation water; Saline water; Waste water;
Waste disposal
Abstract: Investigations were carried out in 1989 to
determine the evapotranspiration (ET) of alfalfa when
irrigated with saline waste water coming from the evaporation
of fresh water in the cooling towers of Utah Power and Light
Company Electrical Power Plant at Huntington in central Utah,
U.S.A. The primary goal is to dispose of the waste water from
the power plant by irrigation and to maximize salt deposition
in the soil, maximize crop ET, minimize runoff from the soil
surface, and minimize leaching to the ground water. Using the
Bowen ratio-energy balance method, alfalfa evapotranspiration
was measured at an experimental site for each 20-minute period
during the 1989 irrigation season. Using a simplified seasonal
water balance, the results showed that cumulative irrigation
plus rain was less than evapotranspiration for the 1989
irrigation season. This means that for the long term in
addition to irrigation and precipitation some water was
withdrawn from the soil for alfalfa crop water requirements
(ET(a)). Short term evaluations showed that because of
unforeseen heavy rain (thunder showers) in this mountainous
area between irrigations, ET(a) was occasionally less than
irrigation plus rain. This means the excess water was stored
in the soil for later use. The average value for ET(a)/ET(p)
(potential ET) for the 1989 irrigation season was 0.47 but
occasionally the ratio was greater than unity. Short-term
studies (Hanks et al. 1990a) indicate that yield and ET(a) are
likely to decrease only slightly for the coming years if
saline irrigation water is applied. This method of
investigation can be applied to any industrial processes which
produce waste water.
27 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
The development of health guidelines for wastewater
reclamation. Shuval, H.I.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 24 (7):
p. 149-155; 1991. In the series analytic: Advanced Wastewater
Treatment and Reclamation / edited by J. Kurbiel. Proceedings
of the IAWPRC Conference, September 25-27, 1989, Cracow,
Poland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Developing countries; Waste water
treatment; Water reuse; Water purification; Irrigation water;
Health hazards; Guidelines; Microbial contamination;
Helminths; Water quality; Quality standards; Stabilization;
Ponds; Who; Public health; Health protection; Water pollution;
Control methods
28 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66
Discharge rates, salinities, and the performance of subsurface
collector drains in Egypt.
El Atfy, H.; El Gamaal, H.; Mourik, E. van
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991 Nov.
Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v.
5 (4): p. 325-338; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Egypt; Subsurface drainage; Drain pipes;
Hydraulics; Performance; Discharge; Drainage water; Salinity
29 NAL Call. No.: TD419.R47
Dissolved organic carbon in the unsaturated zone under land
irrigated by wastewater effluent.
Amiel, A.J.; Magaritz, M.; Ronen, D.; Lindstrand, O.
Alexandria, Va. : The Federation; 1990 Nov.
Research journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation v.
62 (7): p. 861-866; 1990 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Waste water; Effluents; Irrigated soils;
Soil pollution; Aquifers; Water pollution; Groundwater;
Pollutants; Dissolving; Carbon; Biodegradation
30 NAL Call. No.: TD426.J68
Distribution of metals in a polluted aquifer: a comparison of
aquifer suspended material to fine sediments of the adjacent
environment. Magaritz, M.; Amiel, A.J.; Ronen, D.; Wells, M.C.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1990 May.
Journal of contaminant hydrology v. 5 (4): p. 333-347; 1990
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Groundwater; Contamination; Aquifers;
Contaminants; Metals; Distribution; Fertigation; Sewage
effluent
31 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 J82
Distribution of recharge and discharge areas in a first-order
catchment as interpreted from water level patterns.
Salama, R.B.; Farrington, P.; Bartle, G.A; Watson, G.D.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Scientific Publishers, B.V.; 1993 Mar15.
Journal of hydrology v. 143 (3/4): p. 259-277; 1993 Mar15.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Western australia; Watersheds; Groundwater
recharge; Discharge; Groundwater; Aquifers; Groundwater flow;
Groundwater level; Spatial distribution; Geomorphology; Land
management; Watershed management; Water quality; Streams;
Dams; Salinity; Upland areas
Abstract: A major problem in managing and reclaiming saline
land is identifying areas of recharge and discharge in a
catchment. In a first-order catchment in the wheatbelt of
Western Australia, four trends of water level changes have
been observed: monotonically rising water levels; continuously
rising water levels with seasonal fluctuations; continuously
falling water levels; seasonally fluctuating water levels.
Each pattern is associated with a specific hydrologic
mechanism--recharge, recharge-discharge and discharge. The
spatial distribution of the aquifer systems in the catchment
follows a configuration which is controlled by the basin
morphology. Recharge takes place in confined aquifers at the
watershed and in the uplands; recharge-discharge occurs in the
unconfined to semiconfined aquifer of the midslopes, and
discharge becomes dominant along the unconfined aquifers of
the drainage lines. The main areas of discharge of higher-
salinity groundwater occur just upstream of geological
structures along the drainage line. Surface water dams were
found to contribute to the establishment of new discharge
areas. They cause increased pressure in the deep aquifers,
resulting in a rise in water levels and groundwater discharge
below the dams.
32 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 J82
Ecological impact of groundwater extraction on wetlands (Douro
Basin, Spain). Bernaldez, F.G.; Rey Benayas, J.M.; Martinez,
A.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Scientific Publishers, B.V.; 1993 Jan.
Journal of hydrology v. 141 (1/4): p. 219-238; 1993 Jan.
Special Issue: Hydrogeology of Wetlands. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Spain; Wetlands; Groundwater extraction;
Depletion; Water table; Environmental impact; Landscape;
Groundwater recharge; Discharge; Hydrological factors
Abstract: Declining water table levels in the Douro River
basin, Central Spain, are caused by the extraction of
groundwater from a relatively homogeneous aquifer, and results
in several types of impact on local wetlands which vary
according to their characteristics. These wetlands are local,
intermediate and regional groundwater discharge sites,
seepages from post-tertiary deposits, and non-linked ponds to
groundwater dynamics. The following important factors
influence the type of impact: the recharge or discharge nature
of the affected sector of landscape; the type of connection
with the regional aquifer; flow lengths and residence time of
the water; the interaction between the water and the surface
material, particularly clay. A wide range of wetland values
and functions are affected according to the type of impact.
These include productivity, amenity, recreational, scientific,
educational and conservation values.
33 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Effect of effluent quality and application method on
agricultural productivity and environmental control.
Oron, G.; DeMalach, Y.; Hoffman, Z.; Manor, Y.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1992.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 26
(7/8): p. 1593-1601; 1992. In the series analytic: Water
Quality International '92. Part 4 / edited by M. Suzuki, et
al. Proceedings of the Sixtennth Biennial Conference of the
International Association on Water Pollution Research and
Control, held May 24-30, 1992, Washington, D.C. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Households; Waste water treatment;
Effluents; Water quality; Water reuse; Irrigation water;
Trickle irrigation; Sprinkler irrigation; Food crops
34 NAL Call. No.: TD760.S65
Effect of irrigation with brackish and sewage effluent waters
on potassium reactions in soils.
Sparks, Donald L.; Feigenbaum, Sala
United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and
Development Fund Bet Dagan, Israel : BARD,; 1990.
169 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Final report. Project no. US-971-85.
Includes bibliographical references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sewage irrigation; Soils; Potassium content
35 NAL Call. No.: QE1.E5
Effect of paper mill effluents on accumulation of heavy metals
in coconut trees near Nanjangud, Mysore District, Karnataka,
India.
Fazeli, M.S.; Sathyanarayan, S.; Satish, P.N.; Muthanna, L.
New York, N.Y. : Springer; 1991 Jan.
Environmental geology and water sciences v. 17 (1): p. 47-50;
1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Karnataka; Paper mill sludge; Waste water
treatment; Irrigation; Cocos nucifera; Uptake; Heavy metals;
Plant composition; Metal tolerance
36 NAL Call. No.: 18 J825
Effect of pulp and paper mill effluent irrigation on carbon-
di-oxide evolution in soils.
Kannan, K.; Oblisami, G.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Paul Parey; 1990.
Zeitschrift fur Acker- und Pflanzenbau v. 164 (2): p. 116-119;
1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tamil nadu; Pulp mill effluent; Waste water
disposal; Carbon dioxide; Decomposition; Fertirrigation;
Microbial activities; Soil biology; Soil fertility
37 NAL Call. No.: GB701.W375 no.88-4174
Effect of spray irrigation of treated wastewater on water
quality of the surficial aquifer system, Reedy Creek
Improvement District, central Florida. German, E. R.
Reedy Creek Improvement District (Fla.),Geological Survey
(U.S.) Tallahassee, Fla. : U.S. Geological Survey ; Denver,
Colo. : Books and Open-File Reports [distributor],; 1990.
vi, 43 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. (Water-resources
investigations report ; 88-4174). Includes bibliographical
references (p. 42-43).
Language: English
Descriptors: Aquifers; Sprinkler irrigation; Water quality;
Water reuse; Plants, Effect of pollution on
38 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
Effects of different management practices on surface water
quality from rice fields in south Louisiana.
Feagley, S.E.; Sigua, G.C.; Bengtson, R.L.; Bollich, P.K.;
Linscombe, S.D. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 15 (8): p. 1305-1321; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Flooded rice; Fields; Water quality;
Mineral content; Nutrient content; Pesticide residues; Surface
water; Water management; Cultivation; Flood irrigation;
Sediment
Abstract: Water samples collected in the Mermentau River
Basin over several years at Louisiana Department of
Environmental Quality monitoring sites contained high levels
of total solids and nutrients during the spring that were
highly correlated to pre- and post-plant discharges from rice
fields. This study was developed to evaluate the potential of
selected management practices (MP's) for reducing total
solids, nutrients and pesticides from discharge water in order
to improve the surface water quality in southwest Louisiana.
Five rice plots located on the Rice Research Station in
Crowley, LA represented the different MP's to be evaluated.
The five water seeding MP's were: a.1-no till; a.2-water
cultivation with 30-day settling, a.3-dry cultivation with
clear water planting; a.4-mudding-in with vegetated filter,
and b-mudding-in (control). Quality of discharged water from
rice fields in the Mermentau River Basin was clearly affected
by the different MP's. From the first year of data, all the
MPa's were better than the mudding-in (MPb). The
concentrations of the total solids (kg/ha) in the discharged
water (initial + final drain) for the different MP's were in
the order: MPb(4860) > MPa.3(3906) > MPa.4(3412) > MPa.2(3068)
> MPa.1(1807). The Mpa.3, Mpa.4 and MPb had no detectable
amounts of pesticides being released. The 30-day holding
period (Mpa.2), clear water planting (MPa.3) and the mudding-
in with vegetated filter (MPa.4) were similar as far as TDS,
TSS and TS with the no-till (MPa.1) being the least. The 30-
day holding period (Mpa.2) and the no-till (MPa.1) had less
nutrients, but more pesticides released. Depending on the
priority of the stream problems, different MP's may be more
advantageous than others. All of the selected MP's were better
than the control (MPb), and therefore, should help to improve
water quality.
39 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 J82
The effects of irrigation waste-water disposal in a former
discharge zone of the Murray Basin, Australia.
Chambers, L.A.; Williams, B.G.; Barnes, C.J.; Wasson, R.J.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Scientific Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Aug01.
Journal of hydrology v. 136 (1/4): p. 303-323; 1992 Aug01.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Irrigation water; Waste water;
Disposal; Saline water; Groundwater; Aquifers; Salinity;
Differentiation; Monitoring; Analytical methods
Abstract: In the Murray Basin in southeastern Australia,
saline waste irrigation waters are often discharged to natural
depressions and saline lakes as a salinity and land management
strategy. At the Noora disposal basin in South Australia the
waste irrigation water (EC = 17-19 dS m(-1)) has formed a lens
in the top of the highly saline (50-80 dS m(-1)) regional
groundwater (Parilla Sands) aquifer. Using salinity and
environmental isotopes of water (deuterium and oxygen-18) the
lens has been shown to extend about 500 m in a northwesterly
direction from the disposal pond. The major effects of this
lens have been: (1) to cause upwards displacement of the
regional ground water over an area of about 285 km(2),
implying increased evaporation from areas surrounding the
lens; (2) to reduce evaporation of regional ground water from
the central low-lying area. Electromagnetic induction
techniques for detecting preferred flowpaths away from the
basin were rendered ineffective in this environment because of
lithologic variations within the dune system. However,
examination of bore-logs and groundwater gradients indicated
that there was little evidence of stratigraphic control of
mound development. Salinity in the Parilla Sands aquifer was
closely related to the depth of the water table from the soil
surface. Shallow (2-4 m) water tables were affected by
recharge and evaporation to a much greater extent than ground
water located below the higher dunes. There was, however, an
almost instantaneous pressure response throughout the whole
groundwater system to changes induced in the low-lying areas.
Analyses of piezometric data showed that there was a seasonal
variation imposed on the groundwater mound development.
Corrected mean annual water-table increments and estimates of
the mound volume and area were derived from a Theis response
curve of the water table rise associated with the mound alone.
Calculations using fitted parameters from the Theis analyses
also suggested high transmissivit
40 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Effects of olive oil waste water irrigation on young olive
plants. Briccoli-Bati, C.; Lombardo, N.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 Dec. Acta horticulturae (286): p. 489-491; 1990 Dec.
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Olive
Growing," Sept. 26-29, 1989, Cordoba, Spain. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Olea europaea; Olive oil; Processing; Waste
water; Irrigation water; Crop production; Fertilizers
41 NAL Call. No.: 280.8 J822
The effects of pricing policies on water conservation and
drainage. Caswell, M.; Lichtenberg, E.; Zilberman, D.
Ames, Iowa : American Agricultural Economics Association; 1990
Nov. American journal of agricultural economics v. 72 (4): p.
883-890; 1990 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cotton; Irrigated farming; Trickle
irrigation; Drainage; Innovation adoption; Water conservation;
Farm management; Farmland; Farm inputs; Water costs; Price
policy; Environmental policy; Pollution; Profitability;
Simulation models
Abstract: A general model of adoption of input-conserving
technologies by competitive firms is introduced using drip
irrigation as an example. An environmental regulation such as
a drainage effluent charge is shown to influence adoption.
Early adopters are likely to be producers with less efficient
fixed assets (land of low quality or antiquated capital),
higher input costs (higher water prices or greater depth to
groundwater), and in more environmentally sensitive regions.
Simulations show that drainage regulations can be expected to
play a major role in adoption of more efficient irrigation
technologies in California. Thus, conservation may be a key to
solving resource scarcity problems and reducing external
environmental costs.
42 NAL Call. No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Effects of reclaimed wastewater on leaf and soil mineral
composition and fruit quality of citrus.
Zekri, M.; Koo, R.C.J.
S.l. : The Society; 1991 Jun.
Proceedings of the ... annual meeting of the Florida State
Horticulture Society v. 103: p. 38-41; 1991 Jun. Meeting held
December 17-19, 1990, Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Citrus; Irrigation; Waste water; Water
conservation; Crop quality; Foliar diagnosis; Mineral
nutrition; Soil water
43 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 J82
Effects of sludge disposal on groundwater nitrate
concentrations. Spalding, R.F.; Exner, M.E.; Martin, G.E.;
Snow, D.D.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Scientific Publishers, B.V.; 1993 Feb.
Journal of hydrology v. 142 (1/4): p. 213-228; 1993 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Groundwater; Nitrate nitrogen;
Nitrogen; Stable isotopes; Sewage sludge; Soil injection;
Agricultural land; Denitrification; Persistence; Carbon;
Chloride; Water pollution; Drinking water; Groundwater
recharge
Abstract: More than 100 groundwater samples were collected
and analyzed for nitrate-nitrogen, delta 15N of the nitrate,
dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and chloride. Multilevel
samplers and nested monitoring wells were located beneath and
down-gradient from an irrigated cornfield on which human waste
sludge was injected. The sampling delineated a 1.3 km X 0.3 km
plume of nitrate contamination. Both the nitrate-nitrogen
concentrations and the delta 15N values within the plume's
centroid were homogeneous. The levels were 34 +/- 3 mg l-1 and
+13.4 +/- 1.2%, respectively. A retarding zone of clayey silt
split the plume and separated the oxic water from the deeper
anoxic water. Nitrate levels were lower in the anoxic water
and declined rapidly with depth. The significant association
(r = -0.91) between increasing delta 15N values and decreasing
nitrate concentrations indicated that the nitrate was
denitrified. High chloride concentrations in the anoxic zone
beneath the retarding layer are thought to originate from the
sludge storage lagoon and/or the sludge compost piles. Tritium
and atrazine levels confirm that this is recent recharge
water. Denitrification has utilized most of the original
nitrate and DOC in the plume.
44 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Effects on crops of irrigation with facultative pond effluent.
Monte, H.M. do; Sousa, M.S.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1992.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 26
(7/8): p. 1603-1613; 1992. In the series analytic: Water
Quality International '92. Part 4 / edited by M. Suzuki, et
al. Proceedings of the Sixtennth Biennial Conference of the
International Association on Water Pollution Research and
Control, held May 24-30, 1992, Washington, D.C. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Portugal; Refuse; Waste water treatment; Lagoons;
Effluents; Water reuse; Irrigation; Water; Crop yield; Crop
quality
45 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Effluent reuse by trickle irrigation.
Oron, G.; DeMalach, Y.; Hoffman, Z.; Manor, Y.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 24 (9):
p. 103-108; 1991. In the series analytic: Wastewater
Reclamation and Reuse/edited by R. Mujeriego and T. Asano.
Proceedings of the International Symposium of Wastewate
Reclamation and Reuse, September 24-26, 1991, Costa Brava,
Spain. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Effluents; Waste disposal; Waste
treatment; Fertigation; Trickle irrigation; Water reuse;
Irrigation water; Sprinkler irrigation; Soil; Crops;
Contamination; Zea mays; Sweetcorn; Bacteria; Viruses;
Counting
46 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.C2C3
Effluent water for turfgrass irrigation.
Harivandi, A.
Berkeley, Calif. : The Service; 1991.
Leaflet - University of California, Cooperative Extension
Service (21500): 11 p.; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Effluents; Irrigation; Lawns and turf; Landscape;
Waste water treatment; Health hazards; Water quality
47 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Effluents quality along a multiple-stage wastewater
reclamation system for agricultural reuse.
Azov, Y.; Shelef, G.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 23
(10/12): p. 2119-2126; 1991. Paper presented at the
"Fifteenth Biennial Conference of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control," July 29-
August 3, 1990, Kyoto, Japan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Waste water treatment; Effluents;
Quality; Irrigation water; Gossypium
48 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Evaluation of the California wastewater reclamation criteria
using enteric virus monitoring data.
Asano, T.; Leong, L.Y.C.; Rigby, M.G.; Sakaji, R.H.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1992.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 26
(7/8): p. 1513-1524; 1992. In the series analytic: Water
Quality International '92. Part 4 / edited by M. Suzuki, et
al. Proceedings of the Sixtennth Biennial Conference of the
International Association on Water Pollution Research and
Control, held May 24-30, 1992, Washington, D.C. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Regulations; Refuse; Evaluation;
Reclamation; Indicators; Enterovirus; Water reuse; Irrigation
water
49 NAL Call. No.: TP963.A1F4
Fertilization under drip irrigation.
Bar-Yosef, B.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Fertilizer science and technology series v. 7: p. 285-329;
1991. In the series analytic: Fluid fertilizer science and
technology / edited by D.A. Palgrave. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fertigation; Liquid fertilizers; Fluids; Trickle
irrigation; Fertilizer requirement determination; Irrigation
water; Ph; Salinity; Plant nutrition; Nutrient requirements;
Nutrient uptake; Temporal variation; Nitrogen; Movement in
soil; Transport processes; Spatial distribution; Root systems;
Soil water content; Soil solution; Mathematical models;
Monitoring; Fertilizer technology; Management; Crop production
50 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Field study of bromacil transport under continuous-flood
irrigation. Jaynes, D.B.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 May.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (3): p. 658-664;
1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Bromacil; Flood irrigation; Herbicide residues;
Leaching; Movement in soil; Transport processes; Agricultural
soils; Mathematical models
Abstract: The transport processes of sorbing chemicals in
field soils are poorly understood. This study characterized
the leaching behavior of the weakly sorbing herbicide bromacil
(5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil) in comparison to Br-
during continuous-flood irrigation of a small field plot.
Twenty-four solution samplers were used to periodically
collect in situ samples from seven depths within four 1.83 by
1.83 m subplots. Estimates of the pore water velocity (vs) and
dispersion coefficient (D) were made by fitting an analytical
solution of the convection-dispersion (CD) equation to the Br-
data. Estimates of retardation (R) were made by fitting the CD
equation to the bromacil data using the vs and D estimates
from the Br- data and letting R be a fitting parameter.
Estimates of R were also made from the results of batch
equilibration studies using soil from seven depths. Best-fit
vs and D values exhibited considerable variability from
sampler to sampler (CV = 1.25 and 1.30, respectively) and
showed no significant trends with depth. Retardation values
estimated from the CD equation averaged 1.88, but varied from
1.21 to 3.35 and also showed no significant trend with depth.
In contrast, batch equilibration studies showed the absorption
properties of the surface 0.6 m of soil to be significantly
different than the 0.6- to 3-m depth, with R values decreasing
from 1.62 for the surface 0.6 m to 1.31 at 3 m. Although the
two methods gave the same estimate of R in the surface soil
neither the lower R values at deeper depths nor the tendency
to decrease with depth as predicted from the batch studies was
apparent in the transport data. Using D as an additional
fitting parameter to the bromacil data resulted in an average
increase of 1.96 for this parameter, indicating more
dispersion for the sorbing solute. Increased dispersion and
increased tailing of the sorbed solute may be attributed to
spatially variable adsorption and to a negative correlation
between vs and R (r = -0.524)
51 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
First observations on the disposal effects of olive oil mills
vegetation waters on cultivated soil.
Marsilio, V.; Di Giovacchino, L.; Solinas, M.; Lombardo, N.;
Briccoli-Bati, C. Wageningen : International Society for
Horticultural Science; 1990 Dec. Acta horticulturae (286): p.
493-496; 1990 Dec. Paper presented at the "International
Symposium on Olive Growing," Sept. 26-29, 1989, Cordoba,
Spain.
Language: English
Descriptors: Italy; Olea europaea; Olive oil; Processing;
Waste water; Irrigation water; Soil amendments; Soil fertility
52 NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6
A functional model of solute transport that accounts for
bypass. Corwin, D.L.; Waggoner, B.L.; Rhoades, J.D.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jul.
Journal of environmental quality v. 20 (3): p. 647-658; 1991
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Groundwater; Water quality; Transport processes;
Solutes; Water management; Mathematical models
Abstract: Public awareness of groundwater contamination has
created renewed interest in solute transport models that can
be practically applied as groundwater quality management
tools. Because of their simplicity with regard to input
requirements, functional models of solute transport are
excellent groundwater quality management tools. A functional
model of one-dimensional solute transport that accounts for
hydraulic bypass is presented. The transport model TETrans,
simulates the vertical movement of nonvolatile solutes (i.e.,
trace elements and nonvolatile organic chemicals) through the
vadose zone. Plant water uptake is taken into account assuming
no solute uptake by the plant. TETrans requires minimal input
data for its operation. Since TETrans uses a mass-balance
approach to solute transport, it offers the speed of an
analytical solution and the versatility of a numerical
approach without the need for input parameters, which are
difficult to measure. TETrans is able to account for bypass
with a single term, the mobility coefficient. The mobility
coefficient, gamma, represents the fraction of the soil liquid
phase, which is subject to piston-type displacement;
therefore, 1 - gamma represents the fraction of the liquid
phase that is bypassed. The mobility coefficient is a
temporally and spatially variable parameter (within a range of
0 to l) which is calculated from the deviation of the measured
chloride concentration from the predicted concentration
assuming piston displacement and assuming complete mixing of
the resident soil solution and incoming water for a given
irrigation and volume of soil. A constant mobility coefficient
for a given depth or entire profile can be determined by
averaging temporally varying mobility coefficients or
averaging spatially and temporally varying mobility
coefficients, respectively. In essence, the mobility
coefficient simplistically accounts for three physical
transport phenomena in a single term. On a microscopic level
there is flow thr
53 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Furrow infiltration and design with cannery wastewater.
Xanthoulis, D.; Wallender, W.W.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1991 Nov. Transactions of the ASAE v. 34 (6): p.
2390-2396. ill; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Sorghum; Surface irrigation; Waste
water; Design; Furrows; Infiltration; Cannery wastes;
Tomatoes; Waste disposal
Abstract: Surface irrigation is used to apply food processing
wastewater. A newly developed flow-through infiltrometer was
developed to measure the influence of wastewater quality on
infiltration and irrigation performance. Steady infiltration
rate decreased with increased loading of BOD and TS of tomato
processing wastewater. Using a hydraulic model to simulate
irrigation performance, it was shown that ignoring the decline
in infiltration with increased loading and using the
unadjusted infiltration function reduced predicted application
efficiency 23%. Surface irrigation system design should
therefore include the effect of wastewater quality.
54 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Golf course irrigation with reclaimed wastewater.
Mujeriego, R.; Sala, L.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 24 (9):
p. 161-171; 1991. In the series analytic: Wastewater
Reclamation and Reuse/edited by R. Mujeriego and T. Asano.
Proceedings of the International Symposium of Wastewate
Reclamation and Reuse, September 24-26, 1991, Costa Brava,
Spain. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Spain; Waste water treatment; Water reuse;
Irrigation water; Requirements; Golf courses; Public health;
Health protection; Microbial contamination; Water resources;
Water quality; Physicochemical properties; Operation;
Maintenance; Costs
55 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Ground water recharge with sewage effluent.
Bouwer, H.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 23
(10/12): p. 2099-2108; 1991. Paper presented at the
"Fifteenth Biennial Conference of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control," July 29-
August 3, 1990, Kyoto, Japan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Sewage effluent; Treatment; Water reuse;
Irrigation water; Health protection; Groundwater recharge
56 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 W295
Groundwater flow and solute movement to drain laterals,
western San Joaquin Valley, California. 1. Geochemical
assessment.
Deverel, S.J.; Fio, J.L.
Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union; 1991 Sep.
Water resources research v. 27 (9): p. 2233-2246; 1991 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Drainage water; Groundwater;
Groundwater flow; Flow to drains; Solutes; Agricultural soils;
Irrigated conditions; Selenium; Salinity; Water quality;
Geochemistry; Hydrology; Quantitative analysis
Abstract: A study was undertaken to quantitatively evaluate
the hydrologic processes affecting the chemical and isotopic
composition of drain lateral water in a drained agricultural
field in the western San Joaquin Valley, California. The
results elucidate the process of mixing of deep and shallow
groundwater (below and within 6 m from land surface) entering
the drain laterals. The deep groundwater was subject to
evapoconcentration prior to drainage system installation and
has been displaced downward (to depths greater than 6 m) in
the groundwater system. The proportions of deep and shallow
groundwater entering the drain laterals was calculated from
the end-member oxygen 18 compositions determined in
groundwater samples. The percentage of total drain lateral
flow which is deep groundwater flow is about 30% for the
shallow drain lateral (1.8 m below land surface) (drain
lateral 1)) and 60% for the deep drain lateral (2.7 m below
land surface (drain lateral 2)). During irrigation, the
percentages of deep groundwater flow decrease to 0 and 30% for
the shallow and deep drain laterals, respectively. Selenium
concentrations in drain lateral waters decrease during
irrigation but selenium loads increase. Total estimated annual
loads were 1.1 and 5.4 kg of selenium for drain laterals 1 and
2, respectively. Substantial percentages of the annual load
occurred during 8 days of irrigation, 23 and 9% for drain
laterals 1 and 2, respectively.
57 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Groundwater-sampling network to study agrochemical effects on
water quality in the unconfined aquifer: southeastern
Delaware.
Denver, J.M.
Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (465): p.
139-149; 1991. In the series analytic: Groundwater residue
sampling design / edited by R.G. Nash and A.R. Leslie.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Delaware; Groundwater; Agricultural chemicals;
Water quality; Sampling
Abstract: Understanding local and regional groundwater-flow
patterns was necessary to design a sampling network to study
the movement and distribution of agrochemicals in the
unconfined aquifer in southeastern Delaware. Clusters of wells
completed at various depths were installed in the expected
direction of local groundwater flow along a transect from the
center of a 100-ha cultivated field toward a nearby stream.
Contrary to expectations, groundwater flow in the study area
is almost parallel to the stream, in the direction of regional
flow. Consequently, agrochemicals from the site migrate along
flow paths from source (recharge) areas to distant regional
discharge areas and do not significantly influence the water
quality in the stream. The sampling network was expanded
upgradient and downgradient from the original site during a
second phase of the study. The expanded network provided
better understanding of agrochemical distribution relative to
regional groundwater-flow patterns.
58 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Health guidelines and standards for wastewater reuse in
agriculture: historical perspectives.
Shuval, H.I.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 23
(10/12): p. 2073-2080; 1991. Paper presented at the
"Fifteenth Biennial Conference of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control," July 29-
August 3, 1990, Kyoto, Japan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Waste water; Water reuse; Irrigation
water; Health protection; Regulations; Historical records
59 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Human waste use: health protection practices and scheme
monitoring. Strauss, M.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 24 (9):
p. 67-79; 1991. In the series analytic: Wastewater
Reclamation and Reuse/edited by R. Mujeriego and T. Asano.
Proceedings of the International Symposium of Wastewate
Reclamation and Reuse, September 24-26, 1991, Costa Brava,
Spain. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Man; Wastes; Waste utilization; Agricultural
production; Aquaculture; Public health; Health protection;
Waste water; Water reuse; Guidelines; Waste water treatment;
Irrigation water
60 NAL Call. No.: 81 SO12
The impact of phytophthora root rot on water extraction from
soil by roots of field-grown processing tomatoes.
Ristaino, J.B.; Duniway, J.M.
Alexandria, Va. : The Society; 1991 Jul.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science v.
116 (4): p. 603-608; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Lycopersicon esculentum; Root rots;
Soil fungi; Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica; Furrow
irrigation; Water uptake; Soil depth; Profiles
Abstract: Processing tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
grown in field plots with soil infested with or free of
Phytophthora parasitica Dastur. were furrow-irrigated for 4 to
8 hours every 14 days (normal irrigation), for 4 to 8 hours
every 28 days (less frequent irrigation), or for 4 to 8 and 24
hours on alternate irrigations every 14 days (prolonged
irrigation). Disease developed more rapidly and symptom
severity was greater in inoculated plants that received
prolonged irrigation, whereas disease onset was delayed in
inoculated plants that were irrigated less frequently. Water
extraction by tomato roots from well-irrigated and noninfested
soil was usually greatest at shallow depths and decreased with
depth. When disease was increasing and soil moisture was high,
diseased plants extracted less total water from all depths and
significantly less water at shallow depths. Plants in the
drier soil profiles extracted the greatest amounts of water at
depths below 90 cm, and diseased plants irrigated less
frequently showed reductions in water extraction at shallow
depths later in the season. Tomato root systems appeared to
compensate for moderate levels of root disease at shallow
depths by extracting more water from deeper in the profile.
61 NAL Call. No.: RA1270.P35A1
Impact of sewage disposal on the hematological and biochemical
parameters of dairy cows.
Varadarajan, K.; Paliwal, K.; Rajamanickam, C.; Manickavel,
K.; Jeyapaul, G.; Logasundari, S.
New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag; 1991 Nov.
Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology v. 47
(5): p. 653-659; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tamil nadu; Dairy cows; Sewage; Sewage effluent
disposal; Irrigated pastures; Toxicity; Blood picture;
Hematology
62 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Infiltration percolation for reclaimimg stabilization pond
effluents. Brissaud, F.; Restrepo-Bardon, M.; Soulie, M.;
Joseph, C. Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 24 (9):
p. 185-193; 1991. In the series analytic: Wastewater
Reclamation and Reuse/edited by R. Mujeriego and T. Asano.
Proceedings of the International Symposium of Wastewate
Reclamation and Reuse, September 24-26, 1991, Costa Brava,
Spain. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: France; Waste water treatment; Stabilizing;
Ponds; Infiltration; Percolation; Construction; Water reuse;
Irrigation water; Lawns and turf; Landscape gardening
63 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Influence of irrigation with pulp and paper mill effluent on
soil chemical and microbiological properties.
Kannan, K.; Oblisami, G.
Berlin : Springer International; 1990.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 10 (3): p. 197-201; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tamil nadu; Kraft mill effluent; Microbiology;
Rhizobiaceae; Soil amendments; Soil biology; Soil chemistry;
Soil fungi
64 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Influence of paper mill effluent irrigation on soil enzyme
activities. Kannan, K.; Oblisami, G.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1990.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 22 (7): p. 923-926; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Paper mill sludge; Irrigation; Agricultural land;
Enzyme activity; Cellulase; Beta-fructofuranosidase
65 NAL Call. No.: 382 SO12
The influence of saline irrigation and organic waste
fertilisation on the mineral content (N, P, K, Na, Ca and Mg)
of tomatoes.
Gomez, I.; Navarro-Pedreno, J.; Mataix, J.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science; 1992.
Journal of the science of food and agriculture v. 59 (4): p.
483-487; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tomatoes; Saline water; Irrigation; Calcareous
soils; Fertilizers; Almonds; Byproducts; Sewage sludge; Food
composition; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium; Sodium; Calcium;
Magnesium
Abstract: Tomato plants were grown in a calcareous soil
supplemented with two organic wastes (sewage sludge and
epicarp-mesocarp of the almond tree fruit). They were
irrigated at three levels of salinity caused by the addition
of sodium chloride, N, P, K, Na, Ca and Mg were determined in
the soil and tomato fruits. The treatments had a significant
incidence on mineral content in fruit and soil.
66 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 J82
The interaction of two major old water bodies and its
implication for the exploitation of groundwater in the
multiple aquifer system of the central and northern Negev,
Israel.
Kronfeld, J.; Rosenthal, E.; Weinberger, G.; Flexer, A.;
Berkowitz, B. Amsterdam : Elsevier Scientific Publishers,
B.V.; 1993 Mar15. Journal of hydrology v. 143 (3/4): p.
169-190; 1993 Mar15. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Aquifers; Groundwater; Groundwater
recharge; Groundwater level; Salt water intrusion; Wells;
Groundwater flow; Ph; Temperature; Ions; Chemical composition;
Stable isotopes; Radiocarbon dating; Triticum
Abstract: In the Beer Sheva region of the Negev desert, the
only significant fresh groundwater is contained within the
Judea Group carbonate aquifer. It is found that this aquifer
holds two distinctly different old water bodies. One such
groundwater body has evolved in equilibrium with the carbonate
aquifer rocks after being recharged during the Holocene in the
Hebron Mountains north of the study area. At present, modern
recharge, as denoted by the tritium and radiocarbon contents,
is very minor. A subtle 'piston effect' generated by
contemporary replenishment is discussed in representative
hydrographs in Beer Sheva wells. Another groundwater body
identified in the Judea Group aquifer derives from the
underlying Kurnub Group aquifer. The regional artesian Kurnub
Group aquifer (Nubian Sandstone) contains an older and
brackish groundwater body which has been recharged in Sinai
during Pleistocene pluvials. Faulting in the Beer Sheva region
facilitated hydrologic contact between the two aquifers.
Exploitation of the Judea Group has released confining
pressures and resulted in the intrusion of Kurnub Group water
into the overlying Judea Group carbonate aquifer. This process
is most significant in those wells drilled close to major
faults where salinity increases with pumping. The intruding
water originating from the Kurnub Group sandstone aquifer has
not yet equilibrated chemically with the carbonate host. The
low pH and high temperatures that have been encountered
indicate continuing and very recent intrusion. In the Beer
Sheva area, in the absence of direct significant modern
recharge (as determined from tritium and 14C values), all
waters should be considered as paleowaters that are being
mined. A complete revision of the hydrologic concept by which
the multiple aquifer system can be exploited is required, to
take into account the fact that the fresh Judea Group
groundwater is actually an old (Holocene) water body intruded
by brackish and older (Pleistocene) water along fault
67 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
International perspective on water resources management and
wastewater reuse--appropriate technologies.
Bartone, C.R.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 23
(10/12): p. 2039-2047; 1991. Paper presented at the
"Fifteenth Biennial Conference of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control," July 29-
August 3, 1990, Kyoto, Japan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Waste water; Water reuse; Irrigation water;
Aquaculture
68 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Investigating land based disposal of Bolivar reclaimed water,
South Australia. Schrale, G.; Boardman, R.; Blaskett, M.J.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1993.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 27 (1):
p. 87-96; 1993. In the series analytic: Appropriate waste
management technologies / edited by G. Ho and K. Mathew.
Proceedings of the International Conference, held November
27-28, 1991, Perth, Australia. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South australia; Sewage effluent disposal; Waste
water treatment; Application to land; Irrigated soils
69 NAL Call. No.: SB476.G7
Irrigating with effluent.
Howard, H.F.
Overland Park, Kan. : Intertec Publishing Corporation; 1992
Mar. Grounds maintenance v. 27 (3): p. 52, 54, 58; 1992 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation; Effluents; Ponds; Aeration; Pumps;
Filters; Water filters; Protozoa; Aquatic weeds; Algae; Weed
control; Pathogens; Waterfowl; Botulism; Sodium
70 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Irrigation of turfgrass with secondary sewage effluent. I.
Soil and leachate water quality.
Hayes, A.R.; Mancino, C.F.; Pepper, I.L.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Sep.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (5): p. 939-943; 1990 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Lawns and turf; Sewage effluent;
Application to land; Waste utilization; Irrigation water; Soil
ph; Electrical conductivity; Exchangeable sodium; Arid
regions; Leachates; Water quality
Abstract: In arid climates water is a limited resource, and
turfgrass is often irrigated with municipal effluent. However,
the effects of continuous turfgrass irrigation with sewage
effluent on soil and leachate water quality needs to be
evaluated. The objective of this field experiment was to
evaluate the effect of secondary treated municipal effluent
irrigation on soil and leachate properties under a turf
groundcover during the first 16 mo of irrigation. Research
plots were irrigated identically with either effluent or
potable water using a leaching fraction of approximately 20%.
Effluent irrigation resulted in significant changes in soil
properties after a relatively short period of time. After 16
mo of use, when compared with potable irrigation, effluent was
found to increase electrical conductivity (EC) by 0.5 dS m-1,
NO3-N by 7.8 mg kg-1, P by 31.7 mg kg-1, K by 134 mg kg-1, Na
by 6.0 mmol L-1 and the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP)
by 6.8. Soil Ca + Mg concentrations were greater under
effluent irrigation by 0.5 mmol L-1 but decreased during the
study period. Soil pH was not significantly different from
potable irrigation. Leachates collected at 0.61-m depth
indicated that effluent soil leachates were higher than
potable leachates primarily in EC by 0.2 dS m-1 and Na content
by 0.8 mmol L-1. The increase did not exceed current
recommended limits for drinking water quality.
71 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Irrigation of turfgrass with secondary sewage effluent. II.
Turf quality. Hayes, A.R.; Mancino, C.F.; Forden, W.Y.; Kopec,
D.M.; Pepper, I.L. Madison, Wis. : American Society of
Agronomy; 1990 Sep.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (5): p. 943-946; 1990 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Cynodon dactylon; Lolium perenne; Sewage
effluent; Irrigation water; Application to land; Crop
establishment; Seedling emergence; Nitrogen fertilizers;
Application rates; Crop quality; Nutrient excesses; Waste
utilization
Abstract: Due to limited water resources, golf course
irrigation with municipal sewage effluent is a common
practice, and, in some areas of the USA Desert Southwest
mandatory. However, effluent irrigation changes soil
properties and therefore different management practices are
needed for good quality turfgrass. This field experiment
evaluated the continuous use of secondary treated municipal
sewage effluent on turfgrass quality over a 64-wk period. In
April 1987, common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.)
was seeded to a Sonoita gravelly sandy loam (coarse-loamy,
mixed, thermic Typic Haplargid) and maintained under fairway
conditions. In October of that year, perennial ryegrass
(Lolium perenne L.) was overseeded to maintain an actively
growing turf. Plots were irrigated identically with either
effluent or potable water. Effluent irrigation led to
significantly lower seed emergence but improved seed
establishment. Turf quality was assessed under each irrigation
with four N fertilization rates of 0, 16.1, 32.3 and 48.4 kg N
ha-1 (4 wk)-1. Established effluent irrigated turf did not
show signs of osmotic stress with the leaching fraction
employed. Effluent provided significant amounts of nutrients
at high application rates. No single fertilization rate or
irrigation regime consistently produced a superior turf
quality over the course of the whole study. Effluent irrigated
turf showed signs of overfertilization, greater heat stress
and chlorosis of overseeded ryegrass stands during the summer
months on plots receiving N fertilizer amendments. Municipal
effluent did produce a high quality turf, but, the greater
soluble salt and nutrient content of the water necessitate
special management strategies.
72 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Irrigation of turfgrass with secondary sewage effluent: soil
quality. Mancino, C.F.; Pepper, I.L.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jul.
Agronomy Journal v. 84 (4): p. 650-654; 1992 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Cynodon dactylon; Lawns and turf;
Irrigation water; Sewage effluent; Waste utilization; Waste
water; Soil chemistry; Electrical conductivity; Potassium;
Soil ph; Sodium; Phosphorus; Soil fertility; Zinc; Iron;
Manganese; Copper; Soil organic matter; Soil bacteria
Abstract: Effluent and other secondary waters have become
important sources of irrigation water in the U.S. Southwest.
Information is inadequate relative to potential long-term
effluent irrigation effects on turfgrass and soil chemical
quality. The objective of this field research was to determine
the influence of secondarily treated municipal wastewater
irrigation on the chemical quality of bermudagrass (Cynodon
dactylon L.) turf soil (Sonoita gravelly sandy loam: coarse-
loamy, mixed, thermic Typic Haplargid) when compared to
similarly irrigated potable water plots. Research plots were
irrigated using a 20% leaching fraction. After 3.2 yr of use,
effluent water increased soil electrical conductivity by 0.2
ds m-1, Na by 155 mg kg-1, P by 26 mg kg-1, and K by 50 mg
kg-1 in comparison to potable irrigated plots. Soil pH was not
significantly affected by effluent irrigation. The
concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were found to be within
the range considered normal for agricultural soil. Effluent
irrigation increased soil total organic carbon and nitrogen
during the first 1.3 yr of irrigation only. Total aerobic
bacteria populations were similar in all irrigated plots
indicating these microbes were not promoted or inhibited by
the use of this wastewater. In summary, the irrigation of this
turf soil for 3.3 yr with the secondarily treated wastewater
used in this study had no serious detrimental effects on soil
quality.
73 NAL Call. No.: S405.A34 v.17
Irrigation with treated sewage effluent management for
environmental protection.
Feigin, A.; Ravina, I.; Shalhevet, Joseph
Berlin ; New York : Springer-Verlag,; 1991.
x, 224 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. (Advanced series in agricultural
sciences ; 17). Includes bibliographical references (p.
[201]-216) and index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sewage irrigation
74 NAL Call. No.: QE1.E5
Land application: its effectiveness in purification of urban
and industrial wastewaters in La Mancha, Spain.
Bustamante, I. de
New York, N.Y. : Springer; 1990 Nov.
Environmental geology and water sciences v. 16 (3): p.
179-185. ill., maps; 1990 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Spain; Waste water treatment; Application to
land; Fertigation; Potassium; Sodium; Cations; Populus
canadensis; Water purification
75 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 W295
The Las Cruces Trench site: characterization, experimental
results, and one-dimensional flow predictions.
Wierenga, P.J.; Hills, R.G.; Hudson, D.B.
Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union; 1991 Oct.
Water resources research v. 27 (10): p. 2695-2705; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Mexico; Soil water; Water flow; Solutes;
Transport processes; Infiltration; Semiarid soils; Soil
variability; Wetting front; Saturated hydraulic conductivity;
Deterministic models; Prediction
Abstract: A comprehensive field trench study was conducted in
a semiarid area of southern New Mexico to provide data to test
deterministic and stochastic models of vadose zone flow and
transport. A 4 m by 9 m area was irrigated with water
containing a tracer using a carefully controlled drip
irrigation system. The area was heavily instrumented with
tensiometers and neutron probe access tubes to monitor water
movement and with suction tubes to monitor solute transport.
Approximately 600 disturbed and 600 core samples of soil were
taken to support deterministic and stochastic characterization
of the soil water hydraulic parameters. The core sample-based
saturated hydraulic conductivities ranged from 1.4 to 6731
cm/d with a mean of 533 cm/d and a standard deviation of 647
cm/d, indicating significant spatial variability. However,
visual observation of the wetting front on the trench wall
shows no indication of preferential flow or water flow through
visible root channels and cracks. The tensiometer readings and
the neutron probe measurements also suggest that the wetting
front moves in a fairly homogeneous fashion despite the
significant spatial variability of the saturated hydraulic
conductivity. In addition to the description of the experiment
and the presentation of the experimental results, predictions
of simple one-dimensional uniform and layered soil
deterministic models for infiltration are presented and
compared to field observations. These models are presented
here to provide a base case against which more sophisticated
deterministic and stochastic models can be compared in the
future. The results indicate that the simple models give
adequate predictions of the overall movement of the wetting
front through the soil during infiltration. However, the
models give poor predictions of point values for water content
due to the spatial variability of the soil. Comparisons
between the one-dimensional infiltration model predictions and
field observations show that the use of t
76 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Livestock waste treatment in a double channel oxidation ditch.
Ushikubo, A.; Yoshimura, M.; Kato, M.; Oyama, G.; D'Itri, F.M.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1991 Jun14.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 36 (1/2): p. 59-74;
1991 Jun14. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Japan; Animal wastes; Biological treatment;
Oxidation ditches; Aeration; Anaerobic conditions; Waste
water; Effluents; Waste utilization; Application to land;
Irrigation; Biological oxygen demand; Chemical oxygen demand;
Nitrogen; Nitrites; Nitrate nitrogen; Denitrification;
Ammonium nitrogen; Ammonia; Phosphorus; Dissolved oxygen;
Temperature; Regulations; Water quality
77 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Longterm influence of liquid sewage sludge on the organic
carbon andnitrogen content of a furrow-irrigated desert soil.
Artiola, J.F.; Pepper, I.L.
Berlin : Springer International; 1992.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 14 (1): p. 30-36; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Desert soils; Liquid wastes; Sewage
sludge; Application rates; Carbon; Mineralization; Nitrogen;
Soil organic matter; Furrow irrigation; Leaching; Waste
disposal; Water pollution
78 NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6
Maize production impacts on groundwater quality.
Schepers, J.S.; Moravek, M.G.; Alberts, E.E.; Frank, K.D.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jan.
Journal of environmental quality v. 20 (1): p. 12-16; 1991
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Zea mays; Crop production;
Environmental impact; Groundwater; Irrigated conditions;
Leaching; Nitrate nitrogen; Nitrogen fertilizers; Water
management; Water quality; Yield targets
Abstract: The cumulative effects of management practices on
nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) leaching and groundwater quality are
frequently difficult to document because of the time required
for expression and the diversity of interacting processes
involved. This work reports results of a N and water
management program initiated by the Central Platte Natural
Resource District (CPNRD) in Nebraska. Cultural practices
recommended by the CPNRD and reported by producers for the
1988 growing season, representing approximately 3900 fields
covering 84 210 ha of irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) indicated
NO3-N contamination of groundwater was influenced by yield
goals and fertilizer N application rates. Groundwater NO3-N
concentrations were positively correlated with residual N in
the surface 0.9 m of soil prior to the growing season,
reflecting the effects of past N and water management
practices. Yield goals in 1988 averaged 9% higher than the
average 10.0 Mg ha-1 corn yield attained, which accounts for
an average of about 20 kg N ha-1 in excess of the average N
recommendation. By comparison, in a 1980 to 1984 study from an
area within the CPNRD, yield goals averaged 28% greater than
actual yields. Overly optimistic yield goals in 1988 accounted
for 42% of the average excess N application rate of 48 kg ha-1
(based on University of Nebraska recommendations). A large
portion of average excess N application is attributed to
producers in 14% of the area who applied > 100 kg N ha-1 more
than the recommended rates. Fertilizer N applied showed little
relationship to fertilizer N recommended. Better education and
more stringent measures may be required to address the select
group of producers who fail to follow CPNRD recommendations.
79 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Management of sugarcane mill wastewater in Hawaii.
Chang, L.J.; Yang, P.Y.; Whalen, S.A.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1990.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 22 (9):
p. 131-140; 1990. Paper presented at the "International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control Symposium
on Waste Management Problems in Agro-Industries," September
25-27, 1989, Istanbul, Turkey. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hawaii; Sugarcane; Sugar industry; Waste water
treatment; Installations; Performance; Design; Anaerobic
conditions; Pretreatment; Aerobic treatment; Removal;
Efficiency; Water reuse; Trickle irrigation; Washing; Cost
analysis
80 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990
Managing wastewater/land application by computerized remote
monitor control. Howard, H.D.; Poppe, R.E.; Unruh< R.R.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1990. Visions of the future : proceedings of the
Third National Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with
the 11th Annual International Irrigation Exposition, October
28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p.
114; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90).
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Waste water; Irrigation; Computer
programming; Remote control
81 NAL Call. No.: GC302.3.M36 1990
Manual for water level gauging and discharge measurements.
Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit,
International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage, Deutscher
Verband fur Wasserwirschaft und Kulturbau
Hamburg : P. Parey,; 1990.
xvi, 258 p. (4 folded) : ill. ; 30 cm. (Guidelines for water
management ; 301). "Deutscher Verband fur Wasserwirtschaft
und Kulturbau"--P. [2] of cover. English version of
"Pegelvorschrift.".
Language: English
Descriptors: Hydrography; Gaging; Tides
82 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 W295
A mathematical model of hillslope and watershed discharge.
Stagnitti, F.; Parlange, J.Y.; Steenhuis, T.S.; Parlange,
M.B.; Rose, C.W. Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical
Union; 1992 Aug.
Water resources research v. 28 (8): p. 2111-2122; 1992 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Connecticut; Watersheds; Water flow; Soil water;
Slopes; Soil water balance; Soil physical properties; Soil
depth; Runoff; Seepage; Evaporation; Water yield; Water
holding capacity; Saturated hydraulic conductivity; Catchment
hydrology; Mathematical models; Prediction
Abstract: A mathematical water balance model describing major
hydrological processes operating within wet forested
watersheds is proposed. The model is capable of predicting
hillslope and watershed discharge, evapotranspiration demands,
hillslope moisture status, and surface and subsurface flow
rates. It is based on soil physical principles and requires
the following input variables: average hillslope angle and
width, average soil depth, precipitation, average daily
evaporation rates, effective saturated hydraulic conductivity,
soil moisture holding capacity and initial moisture content.
These variables are often easily measured from field studies.
However, in some cases, the absence of field data may require
that some of the variables in the model, e.g., saturated
hydraulic conductivity, be estimated or calibrated from
hillslope hydrograph records. The watershed model is composed
of two submodels: a storage model and a hillslope model. The
storage model describes the dynamic variation in water table
elevation in recharge zones and the hillslope model is used to
predict runoff and seepage through flow from surrounding
hillsides. Application of the model is illustrated on a small
watershed located in North Madison, Connecticut.
83 NAL Call. No.: 107.6 SA23
Method for determining design discharge of main drainage
canal. Design and management of large scale irrigation system.
II.
Ogino, Y.; Yabe, K.; Murashima, K.; Tanigawa, T.
Sakai, Osaka : The University; 1992.
Bulletin of the University of Osaka Prefecture : Series B :
Agriculture and biology v. 44: p. 49-54; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Japan; Irrigation systems; Drainage channels;
Discharge; Design; Management; Agricultural land; Watersheds;
Calculation
84 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
Mineral nutrient concentration and uptake by tomato irrigated
with recirculating aquaculture water as influenced by quantity
of fish waste products supplied.
McMurtry, M.R.; Sanders, D.C.; Nelson, P.V.; Nash, A.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1993.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 16 (3): p. 407-409; 1993.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Nutrient availability;
Nutrient uptake; Nitrogen; Potassium; Phosphorus; Magnesium;
Calcium; Sulfur; Trace elements; Irrigation; Effluents; Fish
culture; Oreochromis mossambicus
Abstract: Fish and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
production were linked in a recirculating water system. Fish
(tilapia) were fed a commercial diet with 32% protein. Tomato
cultivars 'Laura' and 'Kewalo' were grown during summer 1988
and spring 1989, respectively, in a Raleigh, NC greenhouse.
Plants were grown in biofilters at 4 plants/m2 and surface
irrigated 8 times daily with water pumped from an associated
fish tank. Four tank-to-biofilter ratios were established by
varying the filter size. Each system received identical
nutrient inputs and an equal quantity of water was applied per
plant. Biofilter drainage returned to the tanks. Biological
filtration, aeration, and mineral assimilation by plants
maintained water quality within limits for tilapia. All
nutrients were assimilated above deficiency levels. Tissue
concentrations of N, P, K and Mg were not limiting. Calcium
was low and S high when their sole nutrient source was fish
waste. Micronutrients were assimilated in excess of
sufficiency, but toxicity was not seen. Irrespective of fruit
yield, metabolic products of each kilogram increase in fish
biomass provided sufficient nutrient for two tomato plants for
a period of three months. Under reduced growth rates of mature
fish, K became limiting. Alterations in fish feed mineral
nutrient content are suggested which better meet plant
requirements and still remain within the range of fish needs.
85 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 W295
Modeling long-term solute transport in drained unsaturated
zones. Kandil, H.; Miller, C.T.; Skaggs, R.W.
Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union; 1992 Oct.
Water resources research v. 28 (10): p. 2799-2809; 1992 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Unsaturated flow; Transport processes; Solutes;
Drained conditions; Soil water balance; Water table; Water
quality; Prediction; Simulation; Mathematical models;
Algorithms
Abstract: Long-term assessment of solute transport in the
unsaturated zone is an important consideration for irrigation
management, pesticide management, and subsurface contaminant
restoration analysis and design. Mathematical models are often
used to perform such analyses. Modeling fluid flow and solute
transport in the unsaturated zone typically requires solution
of the nonlinear Richards equation and an advective-dispersive
equation for contaminant transport as a function of time. Such
solutions are possible but computationally expensive. A
simplified water balance approach to solve fluid flow in
shallow, drained unsaturated zones has been developed and
refined over the last 15 years. The objectives of this study
were to use results from a water balance model to obtain
solutions for solute transport in drained, shallow water table
soils, and to compare the results with solutions based upon
Richards' equation. Transient soil water flux rates computed
with a water balance model were used as input to a Petrov-
Galerkin advective-dispersive transport model to simulate
solute transport in unsaturated soils. The transport model was
checked for consistency by comparison with an analytical
solution. Sample simulations showed good agreement between a
Richards' equation-based transport model and a water balance-
based transport model. Simulations were performed to show
predicted trends in water quality over 1-year periods.
86 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 W295
Modeling of carbon dioxide transport and production in soil.
1. Model development.
Simunek, J.; Suarez, D.L.
Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union; 1993 Feb.
Water resources research v. 29 (2): p. 487-497; 1993 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Carbon dioxide; Production; Transport processes;
Spatial distribution; Water flow; Heat flow; Respiration; Soil
biology; Soil chemistry; Prediction; Simulation models;
Mathematical models
Abstract: Knowledge of the CO2 concentration in the
unsaturated zone is essential for prediction of solution
chemistry in the vadose zone and groundwater recharge as well
as for quantifying carbon source/sink terms as part of the
global CO2 mass balance. In this paper we present a predictive
simulation model, SOILCO2, based on process-oriented
relationships. The model includes one-dimensional water flow
and multiphase transport of CO2 utilizing the Richards and the
convection-dispersion equations, respectively, as well as heat
flow and a CO2 production model. The transport of CO2 in the
unsaturated zone can occur in both the liquid and gas phases.
The gas transport equation accounts for production of CO2 and
uptake of CO2 by plant roots associated with root water
uptake. The CO2 production model considers both microbial and
root respiration which is dependent on water content,
temperature, growth, salinity and plant and soil
characteristics. Heat flow is included, since some gas
transport parameters, partitioning coefficients and production
parameters are strongly temperature dependent. The resulting
set of partial differential equations is solved numerically
using the finite element and finite difference methods.
87 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J823
Modelling water and solute transport in macroporous soil. II.
Chloride breakthrough under non-steady flow.
Jarvis, N.J.; Bergstrom, L.; Dik, P.E.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Mar.
The Journal of soil science v. 42 (1): p. 71-81; 1991 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil physics; Macropore flow; Solutes; Chlorides;
Leaching; Prediction; Topsoil; Hydraulic conductivity;
Porosity; Clay soils; Mathematical models; Diffusion models
Abstract: A model of water and solute transport in
macroporous soils (Jarvis et al., 1991) has been evaluated in
column breakthrough experiments under field conditions.
Hydraulic properties were first measured in replicate soil
monolith lysimeters sampled from grass ley and continuous
barley treatments in a clay soil. A pulse input of 0.05 M KCl
was then supplied by drip irrigation and measurements made of
the water discharge and chloride leaching resulting from the
natural rainfall over a 1-month period. The results showed
that the macropores constituted the dominant flow pathway
(accounting for 80% of the total water outflow) and that
diffusive exchange of chloride between the two flow domains
was the main factor causing variability in leaching. Larger
hydraulic conductivities and macroporosities in the lower
topsoil and at plough depth in the grass ley monoliths were
taken as evidence of structural amelioration. Less of the
applied chloride was leached in the grass monoliths than in
the barley (means of 20% and 31% respectively). This was
mainly due to a smaller effective aggregate size and thus a
more efficient diffusion-controlled retention.
88 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Modification of infiltration rates in an organic-amended
irrigated soil. Martens, D.A.; Frankenberger, W.T. Jr
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jul.
Agronomy Journal v. 84 (4): p. 707-717; 1992 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Soil treatment; Organic amendments;
Poultry manure; Sewage sludge; Barley straw; Alfalfa; Soil
organic matter; Soil physical properties; Aggregates;
Stability; Soil water; Infiltration; Soil chemistry; Soil
water content; Polysaccharides; Irrigated conditions; Soil
density; Bulk density; Microbial activities; Respiration rate
Abstract: Slow water infiltration in some California soils
results in considerable irrigation water loss through
increased runoff and evaporation. This 25-mo study was
conducted to evaluate the effects of different organic
amendments on soil physical parameters and water infiltration
rates on an irrigated soil. Incorporation of three loadings
(25 Mg ha-1 each) of poultry manure, sewage sludge, barley
straw (Hordeum vulgare L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
to an Arlington soil (coarse-loamy, mixed, thermic Haplic
Durixeralf) for 2 yr increased soil respiration rates
(139-290%), soil aggreate stability (22-59%), organic C
content (13-84%), soil saccharide content (25-41%), soil
moisture content (3-25%), and decreased soil bulk density
(7-11%). The change in soil physical properties resulted in
significantly increased cumulative water infiltration rates
(18-25%) in the organic-amended plots as compared with the
unamended plots. Although additions of poultry manure and
sewage sludge contributed to higher soil organic matter
compared with straw and alfalfa, the straw amendment was
statistically more effective in increasing soil aggregate
stability, total saccharide content, infiltration rates, and
soil respiration rates and in decreasing bulk density in the
tillage zone. The increase in cumulative infiltration rates
measured with the first organic addition (April 1987-January
1988) were significantly correlated with increased soil
aggregation (P less than or equal to 0.01). Cumulative
infiltration rates during the second (February 1988-September
1988) and third (October 1988-May 1989) organic incorporation
were significantly correlated with decreased bulk density (P
less than or equal to 0.01), but not with aggregate stability.
Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that water
infiltration rates in the organic-amended soils were initially
increased by stimulation of microbial activity, which
increased the stability of soil aggregates. Cumulative
infiltration rates we
89 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Monitoring large scale wastewater reclamation systems--policy
and experience. Azov, Y.; Juanico, M.; Shelef, G.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1992.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 26
(7/8): p. 1545-1553; 1992. In the series analytic: Water
Quality International '92. Part 4 / edited by M. Suzuki, et
al. Proceedings of the Sixtennth Biennial Conference of the
International Association on Water Pollution Research and
Control, held May 24-30, 1992, Washington, D.C. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Waste water treatment; Effluents; Quality
controls; Monitoring; Programs; Water reuse; Irrigation water
90 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Monitoring the quality of secondary effluents reused for
unrestricted irrigation after underground storage.
Azov, Y.; Juanico, M.; Shelef, G.; Kanarek, A.; Priel, M.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 24 (9):
p. 267-275; 1991. In the series analytic: Wastewater
Reclamation and Reuse/edited by R. Mujeriego and T. Asano.
Proceedings of the International Symposium of Wastewate
Reclamation and Reuse, September 24-26, 1991, Costa Brava,
Spain. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Waste water treatment; Reclamation;
Systems; Effluents; Water reuse; Irrigation water; Water
quality; Monitoring; Underground storage; Microbial
contamination
91 NAL Call. No.: 292.9 C1282
The Montebello Forebay groundwater recharge project: the
promise of wastewater reclamation.
Hartling, E.C.
Riverside, Calif. : The Center; 1990 May.
Report - California Water Resources Center, University of
California (72): p. 165-174; 1990 May. Proceedings: Coping
with Water Scarcity: The Role of Ground Water. Paper presented
at the "Seventeenth Biennial Conference on Ground Water,
September 25-26, 1989, San Diego, California. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Groundwater; Waste water treatment;
Water reuse
92 NAL Call. No.: TD419.R47
Monterey wastewater reclamation study for agriculture.
Sheikh, B.; Cort, R.P.; Kirkpatrick, W.R.; Jaques, R.S.;
Asano, T. Alexandria, Va. : The Federation; 1990 May.
Research journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation v.
62 (3): p. 216-226. ill., maps; 1990 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Refuse; Waste water treatment;
Irrigation water; Heavy metals; Chlorine; Pathogens; Viruses;
Bacteria; Food contamination; Soil pollution; Yield response
functions
93 NAL Call. No.: 99.8 F7623
Municipal effluent irrigation of fast-growing hybrid popular
plantations near Vernon, British Columbia.
Carlson, M.
Ottawa : Canadian Institute of Forestry; 1992 Apr.
The Forestry chronicle v. 68 (2): p. 206-208; 1992 Apr. Paper
presented at "Contribution of Salicaceae Family to
Ameliorating our Environment." Joint Popular Council of
Canada/US Popular Council Annual Meeting held Sept. 26-29,
1991, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Language: English
Descriptors: British Columbia; Populus deltoides; Populus
trichocarpa; Populus nigra; Hybrids; Clones; Forest
plantations; Irrigation; Sewage effluent; Waste water; Growth;
Plant height; Volume
94 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Nitrogen, potassium, and irrigation effects on water relations
of Kentucky bluegrass leaves.
Carroll, M.J.; Petrovic, A.M.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1991 Mar.
Crop science v. 31 (2): p. 449-453; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Poa pratensis; Stomatal resistance; Leaves;
Turgor; Leaf water potential; Osmotic pressure; Nutrient
availability; Nitrogen; Potassium; Irrigation; Water
availability; Equations
Abstract: Transpiration and expansive growth in leaves are
turgor-dependent processes. Solute concentration and osmotic
potential are inextricably linked to turgor maintenance. An
empirical equation predicting stomatal resistance (Rs) from
bulk leaf turgor would be useful in developing computer
simulations for turfgrass management. A growth-chamber study
was conducted to quantify the relationship between Rs and bulk
leaf turgor in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. cv. A-34).
The effects of N, K, and irrigation frequency on balk leaf
osmotic potential at full turgor and apoplastic water fraction
(AWF) also were examined, using psychrometric techniques.
Treatments consisted of two rates of N and K and two
irrigation frequencies. An exponential model was used to
describe the relationship between Rs and bulk leaf turgor. The
least squares prediction equation was Rs = 581 + 2500
exp(-6.99 bulk leaf turgor), r2 = 0.69, where bulk leaf turgor
and Rs are expressed in units of MPa and s m-1, respectively.
Increasing the time between rewatering containers to -0.02 MPa
from 1 to 5 d did not influence bulk leaf osmotic potential at
full turgor. For plants watered daily, increasing the amount
of N supplied every 30 d from 35 to 175 kg ha-1 increased bulk
leaf osmotic potential at full turgor 0.22 MPa, while
increasing K from 17.5 to 175 kg ha-1 for the same application
interval caused bulk leaf osmotic potential at full turgor to
decline 0.20 MPa. Altering the supply of N or K did not affect
bulk leaf osmotic potential at full turgor when the containers
were watered every 5 d. Increasing the irrigation interval
from 1 to 5 d caused AWF to decline from 22 to 12%, however,
AWF estimates were highly variable. Results indicate the
combined influences of N and K fertility practices can have a
significant impact on the concentration of osmotically active
solutes within Kentucky bluegrass bulk leaf tissue.
95 NAL Call. No.: QR1.L47
Nitrogen-fixing heterotrophic bacteria and presumptive
coliforms in sewage treatment plants and irrigation reservoirs
in Libya.
Betaieb, M.; Jones, K.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1992 Jul.
Letters in applied microbiology v. 15 (1): p. 32-33; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Libya; Coliform bacteria; Enterobacteriaceae;
Nitrogen fixing bacteria; Microbial contamination; Irrigation
water; Water reservoirs; Sewage effluent; Sewage effluent
disposal; Waste water treatment
96 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Nonuniform leaching of nitrate and other solutes in a furrow-
irrigated, sludge amended field.
Artiola, J.F.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22
(9/10): p. 1013-1030; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Gossypium; Nitrate nitrogen; Sewage
sludge; Soil amendments; Solutes; Leaching; Losses from soil
systems; Particle size; Soil water; Furrow irrigation
97 NAL Call. No.: QH545.A1E52
Nutrient accumulation in trees and soil following irrigation
with municipal effluent in Australia.
Stewart, H.T.L.; Hopmans, P.; Flinn, D.W.; Hillman, T.J.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science; 1990.
Environmental pollution v. 63 (2): p. 155-177. ill; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Sewage effluent; Waste disposal;
Application to land; Irrigation; Forest trees; Soils;
Nutrients; Biomass accumulation
98 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 J82
On the origin of saline soils at Blackspring Ridge, Alberta,
Canada. Stein, R.; Schwartz, F.W.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Scientific Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Sep.
Journal of hydrology v. 117 (1/4): p. 99-131; 1990 Sep.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Soil salinity; Saline soils; Salts in
soil; Salinization; Geology; Physiographic features;
Groundwater flow; High water tables; Hydraulic conductivity;
Stable isotopes; Chemistry; Electrical conductivity;
Evaporation; Transport processes; Surface water; Literature
reviews
Abstract: Problems of soil salinity occur at Blackspring
Ridge, Alberta, in four different settings. The most seriously
affected area is at the base of the ridge where salinity
appears as severe salt crusting on the surface, salt-tolerant
vegetation, and areas of poor or no crop production.
Blackspring Ridge is a structural bedrock high that is
underlain by Upper Cretaceous sediment of the Horseshoe Canyon
Formation. Bedrock is overlain by fluvial, glacial,
lacustrine, and aeolian sediment. Piezometric data indicate
that groundwater is recharged on and along the upper flanks of
Blackspring Ridge and discharges in southern parts of a
lacustrine plain that surrounds the ridge. Hydraulic
conductivity data, water-level fluctuations, stable isotopes,
and hydrochemical data indicate that the fractured near-
surface bedrock and overlying thin-drift sediment constitute a
zone of active groundwater flow within which salts are
generated and transported. Water discharging from this shallow
system evaporates and forms saline areas at the base of the
ridge. The most seriously affected areas on the lacustrine
plain coincide with places where the water table is less than
1.5 m from the ground surface. A high water table occurs
locally because of the changing topology of geologic units,
and lows in the topographic surface that focus groundwater and
surface water flows. Some proportion of the shallow
groundwater salinized by evaporation is also transported down
the flow system where it mixes with unevaporated water.
Surface water, from snowmelt and precipitation events,
dissolves salt that was deposited at the surface by
evaporating groundwater and redistributes the salt to areas of
lower elevation.
99 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 W295
Optimal reservoir operation for irrigation of multiple crops.
Vedula, S.; Mujumdar, P.P.
Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union; 1992 Jan.
Water resources research v. 28 (1): p. 1-9; 1992 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Karnataka; Multiple cropping; Water reservoirs;
Irrigation requirements; Irrigation scheduling; Water
availability; Water allocation; Crop growth stage; Water use
efficiency; Decision making; Mathematical models
Abstract: A model for the optimal operating policy of a
reservoir for irrigation under a multiple crops scenario using
stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) is developed.
Intraseasonal periods smaller than the crop growth stage
durations form the decision intervals of the model to
facilitate irrigation decisions in real situations. Reservoir
storage, inflow to the reservoir, and the soil moisture in the
irrigated area are treated as state variables. An optimal
allocation process is incorporated in the model to determine
the allocations to individual crops when a competition for
water exists among them. The model also serves as an
irrigation scheduling model in that at any given intraseason
period it specifies whether irrigation is needed and, if it
is, the amount of irrigation to be applied to each crop. The
impact on crop yield due to water deficit and the effect of
soil moisture dynamics on crop water requirements are taken
into account. A linear root growth of the crop is assumed
until the end of the vegetative stage, beyond which the root
depth is assumed to be constant. The applicability of the
model is demonstrated through a case study of an existing
reservoir in India.
100 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66
Performance evaluation and control in water delivery decision-
making processes: Who cares?.
Nijman, C.M.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992.
Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v.
6 (2): p. 85-112; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sri lanka; Irrigation systems; Decision making;
Performance appraisals
101 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Physicochemical treatment of tropical wastewaters: production
of microbiologically safe effluents for unrestricted crop
irrigation. Gambrill, M.P.; Mara, D.D.; Silva, S.A.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1992.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 26
(7/8): p. 1449-1458; 1992. In the series analytic: Water
Quality International '92. Part 4 / edited by M. Suzuki, et
al. Proceedings of the Sixtennth Biennial Conference of the
International Association on Water Pollution Research and
Control, held May 24-30, 1992, Washington, D.C. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brazil; Households; Waste water; Stabilizing;
Ponds; Waste water treatment; Technology; Effluents;
Microbiology; Health; Safety; Water reuse; Irrigation water
102 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Planning and implementation of water reuse projects.
Asano, T.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 24 (9):
p. 1-10; 1991. In the series analytic: Wastewater Reclamation
and Reuse/edited by R. Mujeriego and T. Asano. Proceedings of
the International Symposium of Wastewate Reclamation and
Reuse, September 24-26, 1991, Costa Brava, Spain. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Waste water treatment; Costs; Water reuse;
Irrigation water; Planning; Constraints; Water; Resources;
Water supply; Groundwater recharge; Urban areas
103 NAL Call. No.: TD420.A1P7
Planning for reuse. Developing a strategy for the Northern
Territory, Australia.
Burgess, M.D.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Water science and technology : a journal of the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control v. 24 (9):
p. 31-43; 1991. In the series analytic: Wastewater
Reclamation and Reuse/edited by R. Mujeriego and T. Asano.
Proceedings of the International Symposium of Wastewate
Reclamation and Reuse, September 24-26, 1991, Costa Brava,
Spain. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australian northern territory; Waste water
treatment; Water reuse; Irrigation water; Economic analysis;
Environmental impact; Planning; Waste disposal; Drinking
water; Water resources
104 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 J82
Preliminary analysis of water and solute movement beneath a
coniferous hillslope in Mid-Wales, U.K.
Chappell, N.A.; Ternan, J.L.; Williams, A.G.; Reynolds, B.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Scientific Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Aug.
Journal of hydrology v. 116 (1/4): p. 201-215. maps; 1990 Aug.
Special issue: Transfer of elements through the hydrological
cycle / C. Neal and M. Hornung, guest editors. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wales; Soil water; Streams; Hill land; Coniferous
forests; Solutes; Sulfates; Nitrate; Aluminum; Hydrogen ions;
Recharge; Ion transport; Water quality; Storms; Runoff;
Movement in soil
Abstract: Streams draining coniferous forests are often
loaded with solutes such as hydrogen ion, sulphate, nitrate
and aluminium. As a result, fish populations can be reduced
and water quality may fall below recommended potable
standards. The transport of ions into water-courses is
governed by the movement of water. Within most temperate and
tropical areas the stream discharge and chemistry, during
periods of rapid runoff, is dominated by the exfiltration of
water and solutes from stream-side soils. The movement of
water to stream-side or 'riparian' areas remains, however, an
enigma. This paper attempts to explain how the riparian area
might be rapidly recharged during storm events. Two analytical
techniques, the free-surface method and tangent-continuity
method, are applied to hydrological properties monitored on a
steep coniferous hillslope, during a selected storm event.
Comparison of the ionic concentrations of water