TITLE: IPM and Biological Control of Plant Pests: Field Crops
 PUBLICATION DATE:  September 1993
 ENTRY DATE:  April 1995
 EXPIRATION DATE:  
 UPDATE FREQUENCY: 
 CONTACT:  Jane Gates
           Alternative Farming Systems Information Center
           National Agricultural Library
           Room 304, 10301 Baltimore Ave.
           Beltsville, MD  20705-2351
           Telephone:  (301) 504-6559
           FAX:  (301) 504-6409
           Internet:  afsic@nal.usda.gov
 DOCUMENT TYPE:  text
 DOCUMENT SIZE:  341k (151 pages)
 
 
 ==============================================================
                                              ISSN:  1052-5378
 United States Department of Agriculture
 National Agricultural Library
 10301 Baltimore Blvd.
 Beltsville, Maryland  20705-2351
 
 IPM and Biological Control of Plant Pests:  Field Crops
 January 1991 - July 1993
 
 QB 93-69
 Quick Bibliography SeriesBibliographies in the Quick Bibliography Series of the
 National Agricultural Library, are intended primarily for
 current awareness, and as the title of the series implies, are
 not indepth exhaustive bibliographies on any given subject. 
 However, the citations are a substantial resource for recent
 investigations on a given topic.  They also serve the purpose
 of bringing the literature of agriculture to the interested
 user who, in many cases, could not access it by any other
 means.  The bibliographies are derived from computerized on-
 line searches of the AGRICOLA data base.  Timeliness of topic
 and evidence of extensive interest are the selection criteria.
 
 The author/searcher determines the purpose, length, and search
 strategy of the Quick Bibliography.  Information regarding
 these is available upon request from the author/searcher.
 
 Copies of this bibliography may be made or used for
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 series title, series number and self-addressed gummed label
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 U.S. Department of Agriculture
 National Agricultural Library
 Public Services Division, Room 111
 Beltsville, Maryland 20705
 
 IPM and Biological Control of Plant Pests:  Field Crops
 January 1991 - July 1993
 
 
 Quick Bibliography Series:  QB 93-69
 Updates QB 91-144
 
 289 citations in English from AGRICOLA
 
 Jane Potter Gates
 Alternative Farming Systems Information Center
 
 
 
 September 1993National Agricultural Library cataloging Record:
 
 Gates, Jane Potter
   IPM and biological control of plant pests : field crops.
   (Quick bibliography series ; 93-69)
   1. Pests--Integrated control--Bibliography. 2. Pests--
 Biological control--Bibliography. 3. Field crops--Diseases and
 pests--Bibliography. I. Title.
 aZ5071.N3 no.93-69
 AGRICOLA
 
 Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA
 database between January 1979 and the present.
 
 
 SAMPLE CITATIONS
 
 Citations in this bibliography are from the National
 Agricultural Library's AGRICOLA database.  An explanation of
 sample journal article, book, and audiovisual citations
 appears below.
 
 JOURNAL ARTICLE:
 
   Citation #                                     NAL Call No.
   Article title.
   Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher.  Journal Title.
   Date.  Volume (Issue).  Pages.  (NAL Call Number).
 
 Example:
   1                             NAL Call No.:  DNAL 389.8.SCH6
   Morrison, S.B.  Denver, Colo.:  American School Food Service
   Association.  School foodservice journal.  Sept 1987. v. 41
   (8). p.48-50. ill.
 
 BOOK:
 
   Citation #                                   NAL Call Number
   Title.
   Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher, date. Information
   on pagination, indices, or bibliographies.
 
 Example:
 
   1                        NAL Call No.:  DNAL RM218.K36 1987
   Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
   Kane, June Kozak.  New York:  Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.
   Includes index.  xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm.  Bibliography:
   p. 126.
 
 AUDIOVISUAL:
 
   Citation #                                  NAL Call Number
   Title.
   Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher, date.
   Supplemental information such as funding.  Media format
   (i.e., videocassette):  Description (sound, color, size).
 
 Example:
   1                    NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV
   All aboard the nutri-train.
   Mayo, Cynthia.  Richmond, Va.:  Richmond Public Schools,
   1981.  NET funded.  Activity packet prepared by Cynthia
   Mayo.  1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +
   activity packet.IPM AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT PESTS:  FIELD CROPS
 
                         SEARCH STRATEGY
 
 Set  Items     Description
 
 S1   463       IPM
 S2   6746      INTEGRATED
 S3   18790     PEST
 S4   128482    MANAGEMENT
 S5   2310      INTEGRATED(W)PEST(W)MANAGEMENT
 S6   2383      IPM OR INTEGRATED(W)PEST(W)MANAGEMENT
 S7   6746      INTEGRATED
 S8   134489    CONTROL?
 S9   955       INTEGRATED(W)CONTROL?
 S10  3197      S6 OR INTEGRATED()CONTROL?
 S11  534       BIOCONTROL
 S12  27998     BIOLOGICAL
 S13  134489    CONTROL?
 S14  12748     BIOLOGICAL(W)CONTROL?
 S15  15616     S10 OR BIOCONTROL OR BIOLOGICAL()CONTROL?
 S16  14991     ALTERNATIVE?
 S17  177648    PEST?
 S18  134489    CONTROL?
 S19  8413      PEST?(N)CONTROL?
 S20  15689     S15 OR ALTERNATIVE? AND PEST?(N)CONTROL?
 S21  63215     SH=F821
 S22  74282     INSECT()PEST? OR S21
 S23  9039      S20 AND S22
 S24  8928      S23/TI,DE,ID
 S25  7644      S24/ENG
      255527    UD=9101 : UD=9999
 S26  1674      S25 AND UD=9101:9999
 S38  155412    FIELD()CROP? OR WHEAT OR CORN OR OATS OR BARLEY
                OR GRAIN? OR TOBACCO OR PEANUT? OR SUGARBEET?
 S53  199547    S38 OR SOYBEAN? OR ZEA()MAYS OR
                HORDEUM()VULGARE OR TRITICUM()AESTIVUM OR
                GOSSYPIUM OR COTTON OR CEREAL? OR SORGHUM
 S57  200579    S53 OR NICOTIANA()TABACUM
 S58  280       S26 AND S57
 S59  255527    UD=9101 : UD=9999
 S60  280       S58 AND UD=9101 : 9999
 
     IPM AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT PESTS:  FIELD CROPS
 
 1                                     NAL Call. No.: 100 T31P
 1988 Importations and shipments of parasites for biological
 control of Russian wheat aphid.
 Gilstrap, F.E.; McKinnon, L.K.; Gonzalez, D.; Woolley, J.B.;
 Wharton, R.A. College Station, Tex. : The Station; 1989 Aug.
 PR - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (4674): 12 p.; 1989
 Aug.  Includes statistical data.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Texas; Diuraphis noxia; Parasites of insect pests
 
 
 2                     NAL Call. No.: 275.29 Il62C no.899 1987
 1988 insect pest management guide field and forage crops.. 
 Insect pest management guide Field and forage crops Kuhlman,
 Donald E.; Steffey, Kevin Lloyd, University of Illinois at
 Urbana-Champaign, Cooperative Extension Service, Illinois,
 Natural History Survey Division Urbana, Ill. : University of
 Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture,
 Cooperative Extension Service, in cooperation with Illinois
 Natural History Survey,; 1987.
 29 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (Circular (University of Illinois at
 Urbana-Champaign. Cooperative Extension Service) ; 899.). 
 Caption title.  Revised annually. November 1987.  Includes
 bibliographical references (p. 29).
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Field crops; Forage crops; Insect pests;
 Pesticides
 
 Abstract:  Topics covered in this field and forage crops
 insect pest management guide include integrated pest
 management (IPM) and pest scouting, federal and state laws
 governing pesticide use, insecticide nomenclature, pesticide
 labels and safety, corn rootworm, wireworm, European corn
 borer, and reduced tillage and no-till corn insect pests and
 their control, forage insects, worker reentry periods, and
 additional information sources. Specific insecticide
 recommendations for soybean, alfalfa and clover, grain
 sorghum, small grains, sunflower, grass pasture, and noncrop
 area insect control are provided. It also contains tables of
 harvest restrictions and insecticide toxicities. This
 publication is revised annually.
 
 
 3                    NAL Call. No.: 275.29 Il62C no.1242 1987
 1988 insect pest management guide stored grain..  Insect pest
 management guide Stored grain
 Weinzierl, Richard A.
 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Cooperative
 Extension Service Urbana, Ill. : University of Illinois at
 Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture, Cooperative
 Extension Service,; 1987.
 7 p. ; 28 cm. (Circular (University of Illinois at Urbana-
 Champaign. Cooperative Extension Service) ; 1242.).  Caption
 title.  November 1987. Includes bibliographical references (p.
 7).
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Grain; Storage; Diseases and injuries; Insect
 pests; Control; Pesticides; Application; Study and teaching;
 Illinois
 
 Abstract:  This annually revised guide contains insecticide
 and cultural control recommendations for managing stored-grain
 insect pests. Integrated pest management (IPM) concepts and
 applicator certification requirements for applying
 insecticides and fumigants are discussed. Addresses and
 telephone numbers of Illinois Poison Resource Centers and
 sources of additional information are provided.
 
 
 4                                 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.A2C47
 1993 Corn--insect, disease, nematode, and weed control
 recommendations. Everest, J.W.; Patterson, M.G.; Mask, P.
 Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1993 Jan.
 Circular ANR - Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn
 University (428): 10 p.; 1993 Jan.  In subseries: Integrated
 Pest Management.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Zea mays; Insect pests; Insect control;
 Insecticides; Plant disease control; Nematode control; Weed
 control; Herbicides; Application methods; Application rates
 
 
 5                                     NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Ability of Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) to
 search for, find, and attack European corn borer and corn
 earworm eggs on corn. Reid, C.D.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (1): p. 83-86; 1991 Feb. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Illinois; Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Ova;
 Biological control; Orius insidiosus; Predators of insect
 pests; Searching behavior
 
 Abstract:  The ability of Orius insidiosus (Say) to search
 for, find, and destroy eggs of European corn borer, Ostrinia
 nubilalis (Hubner), and corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea
 (Boddie), was investigated in the field. Mobility of O.
 insidiosus on individual corn plants, attack rates on corn
 borer and corn earworm eggs, and searching capacity on corn
 plants were studied. Egg position on the corn plant and
 predator density affected egg mortality. Mortality rates rose
 with increased predator numbers. O. insidiosus searched in the
 corn silks first, followed by searching on the corn leaves but
 not in the tassel.
 
 
 6                                     NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Adherent starch granules for encapsulation of insect control
 agents. McGuire, M.R.; Shasha, B.S.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Aug.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (4): p. 1425-1433. ill;
 1992 Aug. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Diabrotica virgifera; Biological control;
 Bacillus thuringiensis; Encapsulation; Formulations; Starch
 granules; Adhesion
 
 Abstract:  Granule carriers for insect control agents have
 been used for many years, especially for control of soil-borne
 pests. Granular baits have not been practical for foliar
 application because they do not stick well and are susceptible
 to removal by wind or rain. A simple and economic technique to
 prepare adherent granules has been developed. The granules are
 made of starch which, when applied to wet surfaces and allowed
 to dry, will adhere even in the presence of additional water.
 Granules were formulated by mixing pregelatinized starch with
 a water-organic solvent solution. Solvents tested included
 methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, 2-propanol, acetone, and 1,4-
 dioxane. The resulting mass, after drying, easily crumbled
 into particles that could then be sieved to desired particle
 sizes. Assays that measured resistance to wash-off
 demonstrated that granules made with 2-propanol were retained
 on both glass and cotton leaf surfaces, whereas granules made
 with water alone washed off easily. Granules made with 2-
 propanol and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner showed no loss of
 insecticidal activity when compared with granules made with
 water alone. A field study testing adult Diabrotica virgifera
 virgifera LeConte attraction to traps baited with p-
 methoxycinnamaldehyde encapsulated within starch granules
 demonstrated a sustained rate of release of the attractant
 over a 12-d period. Possible benefits of an adherent
 pesticidal bait formulation are discussed.
 
 
 7                                       NAL Call. No.: A00033
 AGnews: vine weevil targeted; ag fellowship award; more fuel
 alcohol. San Francisco, Calif. : Deborah J. Mysiewicz; 1990
 Sep15. BioEngineering news v. 11 (38): p. 2, 8; 1990 Sep15.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Biological control; Heterorhabditis
 bacteriophora; Xenorhabdus; Curculionidae; Postsecondary
 education; Usda; Biotechnology; Ethanol production
 
 
 8                                   NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
 Air sampling of volatile sex pheromone components in a closed
 jar. Shani, A.
 New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Mar.
 Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (3): p. 971-980; 1990 Mar. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ephestia cautella; Sex pheromones; Chemical
 composition; Volatile compounds; Air; Jars; Insect control;
 Biological control
 
 Abstract:  A cotton wool plug, used as the source for
 pheromone release, was placed in closed 1-quart Mason jars,
 either at the mouth or at the rear of the jar. Air sampling of
 the two components of the sex pheromone (total 2.2 mg at the
 source) of the almond moth (Ephestia cautella) female showed
 that the saturation period near the source in still air was
 20-22 hr and that far from the source was 40-50 hr, reaching a
 level of less than 1 ng/ml air. The ratio between the
 components (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, designated D,
 and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate designated M, in the air was
 close to the original ratio for both sampling sites, albeit
 somewhat richer in the more volatile (Z)-9-tetradecenyl
 acetate (source 77.0:23.0 D:M, air 73.0-74.3:27.0-25.7; source
 80.1:19.9, air 77.6:22.4; source 25.1:74.9, air 23.9:76.1
 D:M). The total amount of pheromone per milliliter of air was
 two to three times larger near the source than far from it at
 the early stages of the evaporation and saturation process.
 When the amount of pheromone applied to the source was tripled
 (7 mg), the amount far from the source was almost tripled, or
 the saturation time was cut by factor of two to three.
 
 
 9                                NAL Call. No.: S544.5.A17W74
 Alfalfa seed production and pest management: introduction.
 Johansen, C.
 S.l. : Cooperative Extension, Washington State University,
 etc. :.; 1991 Jun. WREP - Western Region Extension Publication
 - Cooperative Extension Service v.): 3 p.; 1991 Jun.  In the
 series analytic: Alfalfa seed production and pest management.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Seed production; Pollinators;
 Apis mellifera; Nomia melanderi; Megachile rotundata;
 Integrated pest management
 
 
 10                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Alginate and cornstarch mycelial formulations of
 entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium
 anisopliae.
 Pereira, R.M.; Roberts, D.W.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Dec.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (6): p. 1657-1661; 1991
 Dec.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi; Mortality;
 Biological control; Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium
 anisopliae; Formulations; Alginates; Maize starch; Mycelium;
 Storage; Solar radiation
 
 Abstract:  Dry mycelium of the entomopathogenic fungi
 Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in alginate and
 cornstarch formulations was evaluated for survival of the
 formulated mycelium, conidial production on mycelium after
 exposure to artificial solar radiation, and infectivity to
 southern corn rootworm adults, Diabrotica undecimpunctata
 howardi Barber. Alginate formulations were prepared with 1%
 sodium alginate and calcium chloride. Cornstarch formulations
 were prepared with gelatinized cornstarch and moist mycelium
 from liquid culture medium. Oil was added to some starch
 preparations. Results showed that cornstarch arid cornstarch-
 oil formulations produced more conidia per gram of
 incorporated mycelium than other preparations. In general,
 alginate formulations were less productive than pure mycelium.
 Cornstarch and cornstarch-oil formulations were best at
 preserving fungi at room temperature (22 degrees C), whereas
 all formulations provided similar reservation at 4 degrees C.
 Alginate formulations prevented degradation of fungi by
 artificial solar radiation, whereas cornstarch-oil was less
 effective than pure mycelium preparations. Mortality to D.
 undecimpunctata caused by mycelium formulated into alginate
 and cornstarch-oil preparations were comparable to that caused
 by pure mycelium preparations. A lag time of 3-4 d preceded
 disease development on test insects, because of the need for
 dry mycelium to produce conidia before initiating infection.
 
 
 11                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Alginate pellet formulation of a Beauveria bassiana (Fungi:
 Hyphomycetes) isolate pathogenic to cereal aphids.
 Knudsen, G.R.; Johnson, J.B.; Eschen, D.J.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Dec.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 83 (6): p. 2225-2228; 1990
 Dec.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Idaho; Cereals; Seedlings; Aphidoidea; Diuraphis
 noxia; Schizaphis graminum; Beauveria bassiana; Biological
 control agents
 
 Abstract:  An isolate of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo)
 Vuillemin derived from aphids was grown in liquid media and
 formulated in alginate pellets with or without the addition of
 wheat bran. Biomass production in Sabouraud's broth + 1% yeast
 extract (SBY) was significantly higher than in potato dextrose
 broth. After 1 wk in SBY, yields averaged 3,080 pellets per
 liter. Pellets without bran weighed an average of 4.6 mg each,
 and pellets with bran weighed 9.4 mg each. After 5 mo storage,
 the fungus sporulated more profusely from pellets with bran
 (2.5 X 10(8) conidia per pellet) than from pellets) without
 bran (1.8 X 10(8) conidia per pellet). Sporulating pellets
 were placed on wheat seedlings infested with greenbug,
 Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) and incubated at high humidity.
 After 9-15 d, 3-44% of aphids killed by Beauveria were
 observed on wheat where pellets were added versus 0% in
 control The potential for use of pelletized B. bassiana for
 aphid control is discussed.
 
 
 12                                  NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
 alpha-Tocopherol alteration of soybean antiherbivory to
 Trichoplusia ni larvae.
 Neupane, F.P.; Norris, D.M.
 New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Oct.
 Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (10): p. 1941-1951; 1991
 Oct.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Trichoplusia ni; Feeding behavior; Glycine max;
 Pest resistance; Alpha-tocopherol; Insect control; Biological
 control
 
 Abstract:  The antioxidant vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol, was
 tested as a candidate elicitor of alterable antiherbivory in
 soybean plants against cabbage looper larvae. Although a
 nonspecific antioxidant, vitamin E proved elicitory to the
 involved sulfhydryl-dependent receptor-energy transducer
 protein in soybean plasma membrane. Effects of alpha-
 tocopherol were dependent on dosage, time, and space in the
 plant. The observed elicited effects were all decreases in
 herbivory. The best negative phytochemical correlate of looper
 feeding was the percentage of increased total HPLC peak area
 of extractables from elicited as compared to nonelicited
 leaves. Some specific compounds, e.g., glyceollins, were
 quantitatively major components of the total profile of
 secondary metabolites.
 
 
 13                                    NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
 Analyzing cotton community communication networks to aid in
 the adoption of integrated pest management.
 Lame, M.L.
 Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992.
 Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences
 v. 2: p. 793-795; 1992.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Gossypium; Integrated pest management
 
 
 14                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as natural control agents of
 pests in irrigated maize in Nicaragua.
 Perfecto, I.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (1): p. 65-70; 1991 Feb. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Nicaragua; Zea mays; Irrigated conditions; Crop
 damage; Dalbulus maidis; Spodoptera frugiperda; Biological
 control; Formicidae
 
 Abstract:  The effect of the natural ant community as a
 possible source of biological control for the fall armyworm,
 Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), and the corn leafhopper,
 Dalbulus maidis (De Long & Wolcott), was examined in irrigated
 maize, Zea mays L., in the Pacific plains of Nicaragua. By
 means of poison baits, ant-foraging activity was reduced in
 plots planted with maize and compared with control plots. Ants
 were found to significantly reduce fall armyworm and corn
 leafhopper abundance as well as damage by the fall armyworm to
 maize plants. The results are discussed in relation to
 establishing economic injury levels for the fall armyworm in
 irrigated maize and the possibility of incorporating ants as a
 component of an integrated pest management program on maize in
 Nicaragua.
 
 
 15                                     NAL Call. No.: S67.P82
 Aphids on cotton.
 O'Brien, P.J.; Baldwin, J.L.; Graves, J.B.
 Baton Rouge, La.? : The Service; 1991 Sep.
 Publication - Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service (2455):
 9 p.; 1991 Sep.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Louisiana; Gossypium hirsutum; Aphis gossypii;
 Aphidoidea; Pest control; Biological control; Neozygites
 fresenii; Lysiphlebus testaceipes; Insecticides
 
 
 16                                   NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
 Assets of an IPM specialist with particular reference to
 Chilo. Odhiambo, T.R.
 Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
 Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 571-576;
 1990.  Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
 crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
 Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
 Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hosts of plant pests; Cultivars; Intercropping;
 Pest resistance; Chilo; Integrated pest management;
 Neurotoxins; Semiochemicals; Tropics
 
 Abstract:  The main thrust of the article is to present the
 historical development of the idea of Integrated Pest
 Management (IPM) from the heyday of "pestophobia" (the
 insistence of elimination of any vestige of insect
 interference with the cosmetic appearance of our crops) which
 leads to the misuse and abuse of insecticides, to the era of
 employing IPM concepts, which leads to pest interventions
 which are necessarily knowledge-intensive. Illustrations are
 given using ICIPE'S research experience in developing an IPM
 approach to the control of Chilo through adaptation of
 relevant intercropping patterns, plant resistant cultivars and
 biological control agents. In this task, the Ipm specialist
 needs to gave three assests to be successful in the tropics:
 he needs to be a first-class natural historian; he requires to
 new knowledge on the traditional knowledge of the rural
 farmer, and to rationalize it scientifically, and he needs to
 be able to manipulate new innovations-both technical and
 social.
 
 
 17                                   NAL Call. No.: 381 J825N
 Attacked corn plants call wasps to the rescue.
 Borman, S.
 Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society; 1992 Sep07.
 Chemical and engineering news v. 70 (36): p. 8; 1992 Sep07.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Zea mays; Biological control; Usda; Cotesia
 marginiventris; Terpenoids; Lepidoptera
 
 
 18                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Autodissemination of a baculovirus for management of tobacco
 budworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on tobacco.
 Jackson, D.M.; Brown, G.C.; Nordin, G.L.; Johnson, D.W.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Jun.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (3): p. 710-719; 1992
 Jun.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Kentucky; North Carolina; Nicotiana tabacum;
 Heliothis virescens; Mortality; Biological control; Nuclear
 polyhedrosis viruses; Autographa californica
 
 Abstract:  An autodissemination technique for control of the
 tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), was tested for 2 yr
 in tobacco fields in Kentucky and North Carolina. We used
 pheromone-baited traps to attract male moths into
 contamination stations, where they were forced to crawl
 through a powder formulation of a baculovirus, Autographa
 californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). After they
 were contaminated with AcNPV powder, males escaped back to the
 field. When males mated with wild females, they transferred
 some of the AcNPV powder to females, which in turn surface-
 contaminated their eggs. When larvae chewed through the egg
 chorion, some of them ingested enough viral polyhedra to
 become lethally infected. Tests of this autodissemination
 technique in the field required measurements of contamination
 rates of males, eggs, and larvae. Because a reliable method
 for sampling adult females of H. virescens is not available,
 their contamination rate could not be directly assessed.
 Pheromone-baited monitoring traps showed that 0-30% of the
 males were marked with a fluorescent marking powder, which was
 used in the AcNPV formulation. Examination by scanning
 electron microscopy showed that an average of 6.7-7.8% of the
 eggs collected from AcNPV-treated fields had polyhedra
 clustered on the upper hemisphere near the micropyle. Light
 microscope examination showed that an average of 0.7-11.9% of
 larvae reared from eggs collected in AcNPV-treated fields died
 from the virus. ACNPV-induced larval mortality peaked at
 approximately 25% at the Kentucky location in 1989. Although
 the autodissemination technique functioned, it was not
 economically effective because the AcNPV transmission and
 subsequent larval mortality were limited. In part, this may
 have been because the dispersal area of Heliothis moths was
 large relative to the small experimental plot size and the
 short distance between fields, resulting in migration of moths
 and dilution of AcNPV-induced mortality.
 
 
 19                                     NAL Call. No.: 421 C16
 Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and Beauveria bassiana
 (Balsamo) Vuillimen for European corn borer control: program
 for immediate and season-long suppression.
 Lewis, L.C.; Bing, L.A.
 Ottawa : Entomological Society of Canada; 1991 Mar.
 The Canadian entomologist v. 123 (2): p. 387-393; 1991 Mar. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Crop damage; Ostrinia nubilalis;
 Biological control; Bacillus thuringiensis; Beauveria
 bassiana; Formulations; Granules; Insecticidal action;
 Pesticide mixtures
 
 
 20                                    NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
 Bacillus thuringiensis: toxicity to tobacco budworms and
 synergistic interaction with insecticides.
 Plapp, F.W. Jr
 Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1991.
 Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 2: p. 725-726;
 1991.  Paper presented at the "Cotton Insect Research and
 Control Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Heliothis virescens; Insect
 control; Biological control; Bacillus thuringiensis;
 Entomopathogenic bacteria; Insecticides
 
 
 21                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Behavior and performance of Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera:
 Aphididae) on fungal endophyte-infected and uninfected
 perennial ryegrass.
 Clement, S.L.; Lester, D.G.; Wilson, A.D.; Pike, K.S.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Apr.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (2): p. 583-588; 1992
 Apr.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Washington; Lolium perenne; Endophytes;
 Acremonium; Biological control agents; Diuraphis noxia; Pest
 resistance
 
 Abstract:  The behavior and performance of the Russian wheat
 aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), on fungal endophyte-
 infected and endophyte-free perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne
 L., was investigated in the laboratory and field. Aphids did
 not select endophyte-free over endophyte-infected leaf sheaths
 and stem segments in petri dish preference tests. Similarly,
 the probing behavior of D. noxia on endophyte-free and
 infected L. perenne did not vary in laboratory tests. However,
 compared with aphid counts on endophyte-free plants, counts on
 infected plants were significantly lower on the first day and
 thereafter in laboratory population growth tests. Numbers of
 D. noxia were higher on endophyte-free plants than on infected
 plants of L. perenne in replicated field plots. The results
 are discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of
 resistance involved, our knowledge of the performance of other
 cereal aphids on endophyte-infected grasses, and the use of
 endophytic fungi as aphid biocontrol agents.
 
 
 22                                  NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Bioassay of four entomophthoralean fungi (Entomophthorales)
 against Diuraphis noxia nd Metopolophium dirhodum (Homoptera:
 Aphididae).
 Feng, M.G.; Johnson, J.B.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
 Environmental entomology v. 20 (1): p. 338-345; 1991 Feb. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Diuraphis noxia; Metopolophium dirhodum;
 Entomophthorales; Conidiobolus thromboides; Erynia; Biological
 control agents
 
 Abstract:  A spore shower technique was used to test four
 species of aphid-derived entomophthoralean fungi, Pandora
 neoaphidis (Remaudiere & Hennebert) Humber, Zoophthora
 radicans (Brefeld) Batko, Conidiobolus thromboides Drechsler,
 and Conidiobolus coronatus (Constantin) Batko, against the
 cereal aphids, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) and Metopolophium
 dirhodum (Walker). Six endemic and five foreign isolates of
 the four fungal species were tested. There was variability in
 virulence among different isolates and species of the fungi
 and in susceptibility between the two aphid species. Low
 LC50's (i.e., high virulence) were produced with two C.
 coronatus isolates (2.2-4.0 spores/mm2), three C. thromboides
 isolates (2.3-13.2 spores/mm2), and two P. neoaphidis isolates
 (1.4-8.1 spores/mm2. Two Z. radicans isolates exhibited
 moderate virulence with LC50's ranging from 25.1 to 46.8
 spores/mm2. Two isolates of C. thromboides that had been in
 long-term storage displayed relatively low virulence. Aphid
 colonies on leaves were more suitable for bioassays than
 aphids confined in wire mesh inoculation chambers. The latter
 were disadvantageous, because the aphid movement within the
 chamber adversely affected the determination of fungal
 inoculum exposure rates. These conditions also often induced
 the production of resting spores instead of primary conidia.
 
 
 23                                   NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
 Bioecological studies on Dentichasmias busseolae Heinrich and
 its potential for biological control of Chilo partellus
 Swinhoe.
 Bahana, J.W.
 Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
 Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 765-772;
 1990.  Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
 crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
 Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
 Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Kenya; Sorghum; Zea mays; Chilo partellus;
 Biological control; Ichneumonidae; Parasites of insect pests
 
 Abstract:  Studies were carried out at Mbita Point Field
 Station, South Nyanza, western Kenya from 1984 to 1987 to
 determine the role of Dentichasmias busseolae Heinrich in the
 population dynamics of Chilo partellus Swinhoe and its
 potential as a biological control agent against the stem
 borer. D. busseolae is a solitary endoparasitoid which
 parasitizes and completes its development in the pupa of C.
 partellus. The developmental period ranged from 64.5 +/- 9.5
 days at 15 degrees C to 12.0 +/- 1.5 days at 30 degrees C for
 males, and from 66.7 +/- 9.8 days to 13.1 +/- 2.1 days for
 females, respectively. The intrinsic rate of natural increase
 of the parasitoid was 0.1375, and the population multiplied
 24.21 times in the mean generation time of 28 days. The
 functional response was curvilinear. Field parasitism in maize
 and sorghum was evident 7 weeks after plant emergence (APE).
 Thereafter, parasitism was persistent until crop harvest. The
 range of parasitism was 0 to 45.5% (x = 23.3%) on maize and
 9.7 to 90% (average = 36.0%) on sorghum respectively. Using
 laboratory and field observations, a model for the host
 searching process of D. busseolae has been constructed. The
 potential of the parasitoid in biological control programmes
 of C. partellus is also discussed.
 
 
 24                                   NAL Call. No.: 100 AR42F
 Biological control of bollworms and budworms.
 Steinkraus, D.C.; Kring, T.J.; Young, S.Y.; Yearian, W.C.
 Fayetteville, Ark. : The Station; 1992 Jul.
 Arkansas farm research - Arkansas Agricultural Experiment
 Station v. 41 (4): p. 18-19; 1992 Jul.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Arkansas; Gossypium hirsutum; Heliothis
 virescens; Helicoverpa zea; Biological control
 
 
 25                                 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3)
 Biological control of cereal aphids in South America.
 Zuniga, E.
 Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1991 May.
 Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station,
 Oklahoma State University (132): p. 257; 1991 May.  In the
 series analytic: Aphid-Plant Interaction: Populations to
 Molecules / edited by D.C. Peters, J.A. Webster, and C.S.
 Chlouber. Paper presented at a symposium held August 12-17,
 1990, Stillwater, Oklahoma.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: South America; Cereals; Metopolophium dirhodum;
 Sitobion avenae; Parasitoids; Predators of insect pests;
 Biological control agents
 
 
 26                                   NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
 Biological control of Chilo spp. in maize, sorghum and millet.
 Mohyuddin, A.I.
 Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
 Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 721-732.
 maps; 1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of
 graminaceous crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena
 and K.V. Seshu Reddy. Proceedings of the First International
 Symposium on the Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989,
 Nairobi, Kenya.  Literature review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Millets; Sorghum; Zea mays; Chilo; Biological
 control; Natural enemies; Literature reviews
 
 Abstract:  Eight species of the genus Chilo Zincken have been
 reported from maize, sorghum and millet. Out of these, four
 species C. agamemnon Bleszynksi, C. diffusilineus de Joannis,
 C. orichalcociliellus (Strand) and C. partellus (Swinhoe) are
 known pests of these crops. Others, C. sacchariphagus (Bojer)
 and C. suppressalis (Walker), are serious pests of sugar-cane
 and rice and have been occasionally recorded attacking maize,
 sorghum and millet. Their distribution is discussed. About 50
 species of parasitoids and predators reported from various
 Chilo spp. are listed. Possibilities of biological control are
 discussed.
 
 
 27                                   NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
 Biological control of Chilo spp. in sugar-cane.
 David, H.; Easwaramoorthy, S.
 Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
 Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 733-748;
 1990.  Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
 crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
 Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
 Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
 Literature review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Saccharum officinarum; Chilo; Biological control;
 Microorganisms; Parasites of insect pests; Pathogens;
 Predators of insect pests; Literature reviews
 
 Abstract:  Several species of Chilo occur on sugar-cane, out
 of which five have major pest status. Infestation by these
 pests causes losses in cane yield and sugar recovery. There
 are constraints involved in the use of cultural, mechanical
 and chemical control measures on a large scale, but the nature
 of the crop facilitates adoption or biological control. Many
 species of natural enemies occur in the sugar-cane agro-
 ecosystem, which is relatively less disturbed. They play a
 significant role in maintaining the pest populations at
 reasonably low level. In biological control, the egg parasite,
 Trichogramma spp., has been widely used with varying results.
 Among the larval parasites, Apanteles flavipes (Cameron) and
 Sturmiopsis inferens Townsend have been used on a limited
 scale and need further testing in other countries. The exotic
 tachinids introduced, failed to establish against Chilo spp.
 Not much work has been done on the predators, though the
 native predators play a significant role in reducing the pest
 densities. Among the entomopathogens, granulosis virus
 infecting Chilo infuscatellus Snellen has shown promise in the
 control of this pest and needs further evaluation in other
 agro-climatic regions. Future thrust for biological control of
 Chilo spp., in sugar-cane has also been indicated.
 
 
 28                                  NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Biological control of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
 with Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in
 corn used as a trap crop.
 Purcell, M.; Johnson, M.W.; Lebeck, L.M.; Hara, A.H.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Dec.
 Environmental entomology v. 21 (6): p. 1441-1447; 1992 Dec. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hawaii; Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Neoaplectana
 carpocapsae; Biological control agents; Trap crops
 
 Abstract:  The planting of corn borders as a trap crop for the
 melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet, potentially could
 cause increased infestation rates of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)
 in adjacent tomatoes. The potential of the entomopathogenic
 nematode Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser for control of H. zea
 in corn borders was explored in research conducted both in
 Oahu and Maui, HI. Field tests were conducted to determine the
 concentration response of H. zea to S. carpocapsae in Oahu.
 The most effective of the treatments tested were 4,000 and
 40,000 nematodes per milliliter of water, causing 57.6 +/- 5.4
 and 74.5 +/- 17.4% mortality, respectively, 6 d after
 treatment. In corn border trials with tomatoes, treated corn
 had 15 times fewer living H. zea larvae and 97% less damage to
 corn ears than in untreated corn. There was a mean of 0.03 +/-
 0.02 living H. zea larva per ear in the treated corn
 throughout the 9-wk treatment period, versus 0.45 +/- 0.06
 larvae per ear in the untreated corn. The mean feeding damage
 to the corn ears was significantly greater in the untreated
 corn, at 3.8 +/- 0.25 cm, than the treated ears, at 0.16 +/-
 0.02 cm. During the primary period of H. zea infestation
 (tomato harvests 1-4), the marketable yield of tomatoes with
 corn borders treated with S. carpocapsae was 18% higher than
 the untreated corn border treatments. However, the tomato
 plots with no corn borders had consistently higher yields than
 those with corn borders throughout the six harvests.
 
 
 29                                   NAL Call. No.: 1 AG84PRO
 Biological control of the Alfalfa weevil.
 Washington, D.C. : The Department; 1991 Dec.
 Program aid PA - U.S. Department of Agriculture v.): 11 p.;
 1991 Dec.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: U.S.A.; Medicago sativa; Hypera postica;
 Biological control; Life cycle; Microctonus; Parasites
 
 
 30                           NAL Call. No.: SB945.E75D36 1989
 Biological control of the European corn borer.
 Danon, Vladimir
 Zagreb, Simunska, Yugoslavia : Institute for Plant Protection,
 Faculty of Agricultural Science, [1989?]; 1989.
 15 leaves ; 30 cm.  Cover title.  Final report.  Project: 645.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: European corn borer; Corn
 
 
 31                                     NAL Call. No.: Q320.A4
 Biotech boosts seed proteins that halt feeding: a technology
 to protect stored grains.
 Cutler, K.
 Cedar Falls, Iowa : Freiberg Pub; 1991 May.
 AgBiotechnology news v. 8 (3): p. 12, 19; 1991 May.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Amylases; Genetic engineering; Usda; Grain
 stores; Insect pests; Biological control
 
 
 32                                   NAL Call. No.: 1.98 AG84
 Budworms and bollworms targeted by a virus.
 Cooke, L.
 Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1990 Oct.
 Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
 Agricultural Research Service v. 38 (10): p. 24-25. ill; 1990
 Oct.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Nicotiana tabacum;
 Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis virescens; Biological control
 
 
 33                                      NAL Call. No.: S27.A3
 Caged versus uncaged releases of Russian wheat aphid natural
 enemies in four states in spring, 1991.
 Reed, D.K.; Elliott, N.C.; Flanders, R.V.; Hein, G.L.; Karner,
 M.A.; Michels, G.J. Jr; Walker, C.B.
 S.l. : The Council; 1992.
 Great Plains Agricultural Council publication (142): p.
 164-169; 1992. Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid
 Conference, January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Oklahoma; Texas; Colorado; Nebraska; Diuraphis
 noxia; Cycloneda; Hippodamia variegata; Aphidius colemani;
 Aphidius matricariae; Aphelinus asychis; Predators of insect
 pests; Biological control agents
 
 
 34                                    NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
 Calendar and monitored insecticide application for the control
 of cowpea pests.
 Afun, J.V.K.; Jackai, L.E.N.; Hodgson, C.J.
 Guildford : Butterworths; 1991 Oct.
 Crop protection v. 10 (5): p. 363-370; 1991 Oct.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Nigeria; Vigna unguiculata; Insect control; Aphis
 craccivora; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Maruca testulalis;
 Integrated pest management; Monitoring; Population density;
 Economic thresholds; Chemical control; Lambda-cyhalothrin;
 Dimethoate; Application date; Timing; Decision making; Crop
 yield; Grain; Crop damage; Cost benefit analysis
 
 
 35                                   NAL Call. No.: 421 EN895
 Can polyphagous predators control the bird cherry-oat aphid
 (Rhopalosiphum padi) in spring cereals? A simulation study.
 Ekbom, B.S.; Wiktelius, S.; Chiverton, P.A.
 Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Dec.
 Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 65 (3): p. 215-223;
 1992 Dec. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Rhopalosiphum padi; Biological control; Bembidion
 lampros; Pterostichus cupreus; Predators of insect pests;
 Simulation models
 
 
 36                                NAL Call. No.: SB950.2.I3I4
 Can we really make use of beneficial insects in field crops?.
 Weinzierl, R.
 Urbana, Ill. : Cooperative Extension Service, Univ of Illinois
 at Urbana-Champaign; 1991.
 Illinois Agricultural Pesticides Conference summaries of
 presentations January 8, 9, 10, 1991, Urbana, Illinois / Univ
 of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Coop Ext Serv, in coop with
 the Illinois Natural History Survey. p. 81-87; 1991.
 "Proceedings of the 1991 Illinois Agricultural Pesticides
 Conference," January 8-10, 1991, Urbana, Illinois.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Field crops; Biological control; Beneficial
 insects
 
 
 37                                    NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
 CenTari (a new BT strain for beet armyworm control on cotton).
 Larson, L.V.; Adir, H.M.
 Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992.
 Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences
 v. 1: p. 53-54; 1992.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai; Spodoptera
 exigua; Gossypium; Pest control; Biological control agents
 
 
 38                                   NAL Call. No.: 448.3 AP5
 Characterization of two genes encoding Bacillus thuringiensis
 insecticidal crystal proteins toxin to Coleoptera species.
 Donovan, W.P.; Rupar, M.J.; Slaney, A.C.; Malvar, T.; Gawron-
 Burke, M.C.; Johnson, T.B.
 Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1992
 Dec. Applied and environmental microbiology v. 58 (12): p.
 3921-3927; 1992 Dec. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Bacillus thuringiensis; Strains; Genes; Proteins;
 Toxicity; Nucleotide sequences; Amino acid sequences;
 Coleoptera; Biological control; Entomopathogenic bacteria
 
 Abstract:  Bacillus thuringiensis EG2838 and EG4961 are highly
 toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae, and only strain EG4961
 is toxic to southern corn rootworm larvae. To investigate the
 cause of the different insecticidal activities of EG2838 and
 EG4961, cryIII-type genes toxic to coleopterans were cloned
 from each strain. The cryIIIB gene, cloned as part of an 8.0-
 kb EcoRI fragment of EC2838 DNA, encoded a crystal protein
 (CryIIIB) of 74,237 Da. The cryIIIB2 gene, cloned as part of
 an 8.3-kb PstI-Asp718 fragment of EG4961 DNA, encoded a
 crystal protein (CryIIIB2) of 74,393 Da that was 94% identical
 to CryIIIB. Analysis of the transcriptional start sites showed
 that cryIIIB and cryIIIB2 were initiated from a conserved
 region located within 130 nucleotides upstream from the
 translation start sites of both genes. Although the CryIIIB
 and CryIIIB2 proteins were similar in sequence, they displayed
 distinct insecticidal activities: CryIIIB was one-third as
 toxic as CryIIIB2 to Colorado potato beetle larvae, and
 CryIIIB2, but not CryIIIB, was toxic to southern corn rootworm
 larvae. Genes encoding crystal proteins of approximately 32
 and 31 kDa were located adjacent to the cryIIIB and cryIIIB2
 genes, respectively. The 32- and 31-kDa crystal proteins
 failed to enhance the insecticidal activities of CryIIIB and
 CryIIIB2.
 
 
 39                                NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7N45
 Chinese wasp offers first biological control of corn's worst
 enemy. Holder, W.
 Belmont, N.Y. : Cooperative Extension Association of Allegany
 County; 1992 May.
 News and views v. 77 (4): p. 4; 1992 May.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: New York; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis;
 Trichogramma ostriniae; Pest control; Integrated pest
 management
 
 
 40                                  NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Chronology of infection of European corn borer (Lepidoptera:
 Pyralidae) with the microsporidium Nosema pyrausta: effect of
 development and vertical transmission.
 Sajap, A.S.; Lewis, L.C.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
 Environmental entomology v. 21 (1): p. 178-182; 1992 Feb. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ostrinia nubilalis; Biological control; Body
 weight; Fecundity; Larvae; Longevity; Oviposition; Pupae;
 Nosema pyrausta; Parasites of insect pests; Vertical
 transmission
 
 Abstract:  Nosema pyrausta (Paillot) detrimentally affected
 the development of its host, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner).
 Larvae exposed to the microsporidium during the first two
 stadia formed abnormal pupae or emerged as abnormal adults.
 Infections of later instars reduced average longevity of
 resultant adult females by at least 2 d and fecundity by at
 least 50%. Eggs from infected adults were contaminated with
 the microsporidium. The prevalence of transovarial-transovum
 infections, determined by the presence of spores in eggs or in
 emerging larvae, varied with the spore concentrations to which
 the parent females were exposed and with the time (within the
 oviposition period) that the eggs were laid. Per os infection
 of O. nubilalis larvae with N. pyrausta is important in
 maintaining this microsporidium in a population of O.
 nubilalis as well as reducing the vitality of the population.
 
 
 41                                  NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Colonization of six exotic parasites (Hymenoptera) against
 Diatraea grandiosella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in corn.
 Overholt, W.A.; Smith, J.W. Jr
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Dec.
 Environmental entomology v. 19 (6): p. 1889-1902; 1990 Dec. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Texas; Zea mays; Diatraea grandiosella;
 Trichogramma; Allorhogas; Macrocentrus; Cotesia flavipes;
 Hymenoptera; Pediobius; Parasites of insect pests; Biological
 control agents
 
 Abstract:  Six exotic parasites, Trichogramma atopovirilia
 Oatman & Platner, Allorhogas pyralophagus Marsh, Cotesia
 flavipes Cameron, Macrocentrus prolificus Wharton,
 Digonogastra kimballi Kirkland, and Pediobius furvus (Gahan),
 were colonized in commercial corn fields in the Texas High
 Plains against Diatraea grandiosella Dyar from 1985 to 1987.
 Colonization sites were monitored to estimate parasitization,
 dispersal, and parasite overwintering. D. kimballi, an
 external parasite of late instars, dispersed farther than
 other species and was the only parasite to demonstrate a
 propensity for overwintering. The pupal parasite, P. furvus,
 was capable of causing seasonal parasitization as high as
 50.0% within 10 m of the colonization locus and showed the
 strongest numerical increase. The egg parasite, T.
 atopovirilia, caused 33.6% parasitization within 2 m of the
 colonization locus but was not recovered at greater distances.
 Parasitization by A. pyralophagus, which attacks medium-sized
 larvae, never exceeded 3.6% in any year of the study. Seasonal
 parasitization of C. flavipes, a parasite of late instars, was
 0.0-14.5%, but the potential of this parasite as an effective
 natural enemy of D. grandiosella is limited by apparent
 encapsulation in the hosts and inability to overwinter. The
 polyembryonic larval parasite, M. prolificus, was not
 recovered during the 3-yr study. An aggregative response to
 host density was not detected for any of the parasites. The
 results of this study suggest that D. kimballi may be able to
 establish in the Texas High Plains, and that P. furvus may
 have potential as a biological control agent in a seasonal
 inoculative or inundative approach.
 
 
 42                                   NAL Call. No.: QL461.S65
 Comparative life table statistics of Diaeretiella rapae and
 Aphidius matricariae on the Russion wheat aphid.
 Reed, H.C.; Reed, D.K.; Elliott, N.C.
 Dalla, Tex. : Southwestern Entomological Society; 1992 Dec.
 The Southwestern entomologist v. 17 (4): p. 307-312; 1992 Dec. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Diuraphis noxia; Diaeretiella rapae; Aphidius
 matricariae; Parasitoids; Life history; Biological control
 agents
 
 
 43                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Comparison of efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes combined
 with antidesiccants applied by canopy sprays against three
 cotton pests (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
 Glazer, I.; Klein, M.; Navon, A.; Nakache, Y.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Oct.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (5): p. 1636-1641; 1992
 Oct.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Gossypium; Earias insulana; Helicoverpa armigera;
 Spodoptera littoralis; Biological control; Desiccants;
 Entomophilic nematodes; Neoaplectana carpocapsae
 
 Abstract:  Ways to reduce larval populations of the cotton
 pests Earias insulana (Boisduval), Heliothis armigera Hubner,
 and Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) by using the
 entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (strain
 Mexican) were defined. In a screening assay, the survival at
 low relative humidities of nematode infective juveniles (IJs)
 treated with the antidesiccants Biosys 627 (15 and 20% wt/wt),
 Folicote (6% wt/wt), and natural wax (18% wt/wt) were three
 times higher than the control (25%). None of the
 antidesiccants tested, with the exception of New Film, had any
 adverse effect on nematode viability in aqueous solutions.
 Application to the foliage of 500 and 1,000 IJs/ml in water
 was required to attain > 85% control of E. insulana and S.
 littoralis, respectively, on bean plants. Addition of the
 antidesiccants Biosys 627 (20% wt/wt), natural wax (18%
 wt/wt), or Folicote (6% wt/wt) to the nematode suspension had
 a similar effect on insect mortality, with lower nematode
 concentrations (125 and 250 IJs/ml for E. insulana and S.
 littoralis, respectively). In the case of H. armigera,
 nematode suspension at a concentration as high as 5,000/ml
 water resulted in only 22% control. Addition of the
 antidesiccants resulted in a 4-fold increase (to 85-95%) of
 insect mortality. In microplot experiments, foliage
 application of S. carpocapsae 'Mexican' (250 IJs/ml) mixed
 with Folicote (6% wt/wt) resulted in a 61% reduction in the
 persistence of S. littoralis larvae on cotton plants. Damage
 to the foliage was reduced by 46% compared with the control.
 Substantial reduction (76%) of E. insulana larvae was achieved
 by application of 125 IJs/ml mixed with Folicote (6% wt/wt).
 
 
 44                                  NAL Call. No.: 442.8 AN72
 The complementary effects of plant resistance and reduced
 pesticide dosage in field experiments to control the turnip
 root fly, Delia floralis, in swedes. Taksdal, G.
 Warwick : Association of Applied Biologists; 1992 Feb.
 Annals of applied biology v. 120 (1): p. 117-125; 1992 Feb. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Norway; Brassica napus; Cultivars; Delia
 floralis; Delia radicum; Chlorfenvinphos; Dosage; Varietal
 resistance; Integrated control; Crop damage; Crop yield
 
 
 45                                    NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
 Concepts and achievements of IPM in cotton disease management.
 El-Zik, K.M.
 Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1990.
 Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences.
 p. 15-19; 1990.  Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas,
 Nevada.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Integrated pest management;
 Biological control; Fungicides; Verticillium; Wilts; Fungal
 antagonists
 
 
 46                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Contact and volatile toxicity of insecticides to black cutworm
 larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and carabid beetles
 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in soil. Reed, J.P.; Hall, F.R.;
 Krueger, H.R.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (1): p. 256-261; 1992
 Feb.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ohio; Zea mays; Crop damage; Agrotis ipsilon;
 Chlorpyrifos; Fonofos; Insecticides; Terbufos; Toxicity;
 Biological control agents; Carabidae; Pterostichus chalcites;
 Predators of insect pests
 
 Abstract:  Field plot studies were conducted for 3 yr in
 conventional and no-tillage conditions to assess the contact
 and volatile toxicity of four granular soil insecticides--
 chlorpyrifos, DPX-43898
 (O,O-diethyl-O-1,2,2,2-tetrachloroethyl phosphorothiate),
 fonofos, and terbufos--against fourth-instar black cutworm,
 Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), and adult carabids. Abnormally,
 high precipitation and low soil temperature hindered
 acquisition of a lethal dose by A. ipsilon from insecticide
 granules. Image analysis indicated that percentage contact
 area may contribute to differences in acquisition of soil
 insecticides by A. ipsilon larvae and two prevalent, predatory
 carabid species, Abascidus permundus L. and Pterostichus
 chalcites Say. Organophosphate insecticides active at the
 kilogram per hectare level in soil and possessing high vapor
 pressures (> 10 mPa) were poor candidates for control of A.
 ipsilon and contributed to a reduction in endemic carabid
 populations.
 
 
 47                                   NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
 Control of cotton insect and mite pests in subtropical Africa:
 current status and future needs.
 Gahukar, R.T.
 Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1991 Aug.
 Insect science and its application v. 12 (4): p. 313-338; 1991
 Aug. Literature review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Africa; Gossypium hirsutum; Arthropod pests;
 Plant pests; Insect control; Mite control; Predatory
 arthropods; Predators of insect pests; Natural enemies;
 Parasitoids; Pathogens; Pest management; Agricultural
 research; Varietal resistance; Biological control; Pesticides;
 Insecticide resistance; Environmental impact; Literature
 reviews
 
 Abstract:  About 70 insects and five mites regularly or
 occasionally infest the cotton crop in subtropical Africa. The
 economic importance of these pests varies according to the
 climate and cropping pattern in the region. Cotton aphid,
 Aphis gossypii Glover and yellow tea mite, Polyphagotarsonemus
 latus (Banks) as foliage feeders and three bollworms,
 Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders, Diparopsis watersi Roths.
 and Heliothis armigera Hbn., during boll formation and
 development, are major pests. Pesticides have been used
 extensively to suppress the pest populations and infestation
 levels in the crop. Natural enemies of certain pests occur in
 the region, nevertheless, their effectiveness in pest control
 is not well-known or fully exploited. Research on yield loss
 evaluation, pest ecology, varietal resistance and cultural
 practices is underway in several countries. Therefore, a
 global pest management in cotton is discussed in the context
 of local conditions and perspectives are highlighted.
 
 
 48                                     NAL Call. No.: S530.J6
 Control of the western spotted cucumber beetle using a
 predaceous nematode. Warshaw, A.R.
 Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992.
 Journal of natural resources and life sciences education v. 21
 (1): p. 101-103; 1992.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Steinernema; Diabrotica undecimpunctata; Zea
 mays; Biological control agents; Integrated pest management;
 Nematoda
 
 
 49                                  NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
 Conventional and alternative insecticides, including a
 granular formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki,
 for the control of Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera:
 Noctuidae) in Kenya.
 Medvecky, B.A.; Zalom, F.G.
 London : Taylor & Francis; 1992 Apr.
 Tropical pest management v. 38 (2): p. 186-189; 1992 Apr. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Kenya; Sorghum; Zea mays; Crop damage; Busseola
 fusca; Biological control; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
 kurstaki; Chemical control; Insect control; Ash; Diatomite;
 Ddt; Endosulfan; Trichlorfon
 
 
 50                                    NAL Call. No.: SB925.B5
 Cool-season cover crops in the pecan orchard understory:
 effects on Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) and pecan aphids
 (Homoptera: Aphididae). Bugg, R.L.; Dutcher, J.D.; McNeill,
 P.J.
 Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 Jun.
 Biological control v. 1 (1): p. 8-15; 1991 Jun.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Georgia; Carya illinoensis; Orchards; Cover
 crops; Vicia villosa; Secale cereale; Population density;
 Biological control agents; Natural enemies; Hippodamia
 convergens; Coccinellidae; Coccinella septempunctata;
 Biological control; Rhopalosiphum padi; Frankliniella;
 Acyrthosiphon pisum; Acyrthosiphon kondoi
 
 
 51                                     NAL Call. No.: 421 B87
 Copidosoma graminis sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a
 polyembryonic parasitoid of armyworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
 in Australia. Noyes, J.S.
 London : Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International; 1989
 Sep. Bulletin of entomological research v. 79 (3): p. 367-371;
 1989 Sep.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Australia; Cereals; Gramineae; Pastures; Crop
 losses; Mythimna convecta; Noctuidae; Persectania ewingii;
 Biological control; Copidosoma; Descriptions; Geographical
 distribution; Morphology; New species; Parasites of insect
 pests
 
 
 52                                     NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
 Corn rootworm feeding on sunflower and other compositae:
 influence of floral terpenoid and phenolic factors.
 Mullin, C.A.; Alfatafta, A.A.; Harman, J.L.; Serino, A.A.;
 Everett, S.L. Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
 ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (449): p.
 278-292; 1991.  In the series analytic: Naturally occurring
 pest bioregulators / edited by P. A. Hedin.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Helianthus annuus; Solidago canadensis; Plant
 composition; Antifeedants; Diabrotica virgifera; Terpenoids;
 Phenolic compounds; Biological control
 
 
 53                                    NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
 Cotton aphids: current status and future trends in management.
 Hardee, D.D.; O'Brien, P.J.
 Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1990.
 Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences.
 p. 169-171; 1990.  Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas,
 Nevada.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Aphis gossypii; Gossypium hirsutum; Insect pests;
 Insect control; Chemical control; Insecticides; Integrated
 pest management
 
 
 54                                     NAL Call. No.: S67.P82
 Cotton insect pest management.
 Baldwin, J.L.; Graves, J.B.
 Baton Rouge, La.? : The Service; 1990 Mar.
 Publication - Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service v.): 6
 p.; 1990 Mar.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Louisiana; Gossypium hirsutum; Pest management;
 Insects; Insecticides; Integrated pest management; Biological
 control; Cultural control
 
 
 55                                  NAL Call. No.: 275.29 AR4
 Cotton pest management.
 Johnson, D.R.
 Little Rock, Ark. : The Service; 1990 May.
 EC - University of Arkansas, Cooperative Extension Service
 (561): 53 p.; 1990 May.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Pest management; Insect
 pests; Insect control; Biological control agents; Field tests
 
 
 56                                   NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
 Cultural control of Chilo spp. in graminaceous crops.
 Seshu Reddy, K.V.
 Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
 Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 703-712;
 1990.  Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
 crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
 Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
 Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
 Literature review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Gramineae; Chilo; Cultural control; Insect
 control; Integrated control; Literature reviews
 
 Abstract:  Twenty-seven species of Chilo which infest
 graminaceous crops are listed. The effects of various cultural
 practices such as time of planting, plant density, field
 sanitation, tillage, mulching, intercropping, proper
 fertilizer and water management on field populations of Chilo
 spp. are discussed. These practices have great potential as
 components of IPM for resource-limited farmers in the tropics.
 
 
 57                                    NAL Call. No.: 420 F662
 Deraecoris nebulosus (Heteroptera: Miridae): little known
 predator in cotton in the Mississippi Delta.
 Snodgrass, G.L.
 Winter Haven, Fla. : Florida Entomological Society; 1991 Jun.
 Florida entomologist v. 74 (2): p. 340-344; 1991 Jun. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mississippi; Gossypium; Aphis gossypii; Heliothis
 virescens; Spodoptera exigua; Biological control; Deraeocoris;
 Predators of insect pests; Population density
 
 
 58                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J826
 Detection of aphid lethal paralysis virus by
 immunofluorescence. Laubscher, J.M.; Von Wechmar, M.B.
 Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 Jul.
 Journal of invertebrate pathology v. 58 (1): p. 52-56; 1991
 Jul.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: South  Africa; Cereals; Aphidoidea; Diuraphis
 noxia; Rhopalosiphum padi; Biological control agents; Insect
 viruses; Paralysis; Diagnosis; Immunofluorescence
 
 Abstract:  Indirect immunofluorescent technique was used to
 detect aphid lethal paralysis virus (ALPV) in carefully
 dissected aphids. Aphids used in this study were taken from
 known infected Rhopalosiphum padi and Diuraphis noxia colonies
 and aphids collected from naturally infested small grains.
 ALPV-specific antibody was used to bind to the virus in the
 tissues, which in turn was detected with a goat anti-rabbit
 fluorescein isothionate labeled antibody. Results obtained
 indicate that immunofluorescence is a much more sensitive
 method than the double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked
 immunosorbent assay. It is of importance when testing for low
 levels of virus in infected aphid body tissues where
 inapparent infection can cause detection problems.
 Immunofluorescence is also an inexpensive method to do regular
 virus analyses.
 
 
 59                                  NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Development and reproduction of two populations of Eretmocerus
 species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Bemisia tabaci
 (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Powell, D.A.; Bellows, T.S. Jr
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Jun.
 Environmental entomology v. 21 (3): p. 651-658; 1992 Jun. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Hawaii; Cucumis sativus; Gossypium
 hirsutum; Bemisia tabaci; Biological control; Eretmocerus;
 Fertility; Longevity; Parasites of insect pests; Reproduction
 
 Abstract:  A study was conducted to determine preimaginal
 developmental rate, adult survival, and fertility of two
 populations of Eretmocerus sp. that parasitize Bemisia tabaci
 (Gennadius). An arrhenotokous parasitoid population was
 collected in Indio, Calif., and a thelytokous parasitoid
 population was collected from Oahu, Hawaii. Experiments were
 conducted with parasitoids reared on B. tabaci hosts living on
 cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ('Delta Pine 61'), or cucumber,
 Cucumis sativus L. ('Poinsett 76'), in temperature controlled
 cabinets at 20.0 and 29.0 degrees C. Significant differences
 in preimaginal developmental periods were found between
 populations, temperatures, and plants. Adult longevity was
 greatest at lower temperatures. A limited preoviposition
 period existed. Fertilities were higher on cucumber and at
 29.0 degrees C. The sex ratio of the arrhenotokous population
 favored females. The intrinsic rate of natural increase r(m)
 for the arrhenotokous population varied from 0.0610 to 0.1149
 on cotton and from 0.0856 to 0.1824 on cucumber, at 20.0 and
 29.0 degrees C. Values for rm for the thelytokous population
 varied from 0.0858 to 0.1608 on cotton and from 0.0980 to
 0.2117 on cucumber, at 20.0 and 29.0 degrees C. The results
 indicate that biological control of B. tabaci would probably
 be better obtained by Eretmocerus sp. population from Hawaii
 at higher temperatures.
 
 
 60                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Development of a biorational mycoinsecticide: Beauveria
 bassiana conidial formulation and its application against boll
 weevil populations (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).
 Wright, J.E.; Chandler, L.D.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Aug.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (4): p. 1130-1135; 1992
 Aug.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium hirsutum; Anthonomus grandis;
 Biological control; Beauveria bassiana; Field tests;
 Formulations; Mortality
 
 
 61                                  NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Diet and the susceptibility of Helicoverpa zea (Noctuidae:
 Lepidoptera) to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus.
 Forschler, B.T.; Young, S.Y.; Felton, G.W.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Oct.
 Environmental entomology v. 21 (5): p. 1220-1223; 1992 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Sorghum bicolor; Glycine max; Gossypium hirsutum;
 Lycopersicon esculentum; Helicoverpa zea; Nuclear polyhedrosis
 viruses; Susceptibility; Biological control agents
 
 
 62                                  NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Diets, feeding specialization, and predatory role of two lynx
 spiders, Oxyopes salticus and Peucetia viridans (Araneae:
 Oxyopidae), in a Texas cotton agroecosystem.
 Nyffeler, M.; Dean, D.A.; Sterling, W.L.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Dec.
 Environmental entomology v. 21 (6): p. 1457-1465; 1992 Dec. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Insect pests; Oxyopidae;
 Oxyopes salticus; Predators of insect pests; Feeding behavior;
 Biological control agents
 
 Abstract:  The predation ecology of the striped lynx spider,
 Oxyopes salticus Hentz, and green lynx spider, Peucetia
 viridans (Hentz), was studied during 108 h of visual
 observation in an insecticide-free cotton field in central
 Texas. Evidence obtained during this study indicates that lynx
 spiders were the dominant arthropod predators (among 134 cases
 of arthropod predation observed, 94 were attributable to lynx
 spiders). P. viridans is a powerful species (10.08 +/- 0.52 mm
 [mean +/- SEM] body length) compared with the significantly
 smaller O. salticus (4.24 +/- 0.16 mm). The O. salticus
 individuals fed on small-sized prey (2.41 +/- 0.17 mm average
 prey length). In contrast, the P. viridans individuals fed
 over a broader range of prey size classes and captured a
 higher proportion of the larger prey organisms (7.04 +/- 0.73
 mm average prey length). However, the smallest P. viridans
 (less than or equal to 8 mm spider length) and the largest O.
 salticus (greater than or equal to 4.5 mm spider length)
 selected prey of similar average length (approximately 3 mm).
 The lynx spiders are polyphagous insectivores that feed on a
 variety of prey species predominantly in the insect orders
 Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera. They also frequently
 eat other spiders. The most frequently captured prey of O.
 salticus were small Heteroptera (predominantly cotton
 fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus [Reuter]), whereas P.
 viridans most frequently seized large stinging Hymenoptera
 (e.g., honey bee, Apis mellifera L.). The degree of the
 feeding specialization of the two spider species was
 mathematically assessed (niche breadth coefficients) and
 statistically compared; computed coefficients indicate that P.
 viridans is a significantly more polyphagous predator than the
 smaller-sized O. salticus. O. salticus, therefore, shows a
 better fit to the "model predator" of classical biological
 control because of its relative specialization.
 
 
 63                               NAL Call. No.: SB950.3.M3J68
 Discrimination between parasitized and healthy hosts by
 Microplitis rufiventris Kok.
 Hegazi, E.M.; Shaaban, M.A.; El-Singaby, N.R.
 Kuala Lumpur : The Malaysian Plant Protection Society; 1990
 Dec. Journal of plant protection in the tropics v. 7 (3): p.
 v, 183-190; 1990 Dec. Malay summary on page v.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Spodoptera littoralis;
 Parasites of insect pests; Braconidae; Parasitism; Host
 parasite relationships; Discrimination; Oviposition; Larvae;
 Physiological age; Biological control agents
 
 
 64                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Distribution and seasonal abundance of Hessian fly (Diptera:
 Cecidomyiidae) parasitoids in Texas.
 Schuster, M.F.; Lidell, M.C.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Dec.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 83 (6): p. 2269-2273; 1990
 Dec.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Texas; Triticum aestivum; Mayetiola destructor;
 Geographical distribution; Incidence; Seasonal abundance;
 Biological control; Eupelmus; Hymenoptera; Parasites of insect
 pests; Trichomalopsis
 
 Abstract:  Parasitism in field populations of the Hessian fly,
 Mayetiola destructor (Say), from four different north central
 Texas locations was observed during 1986-1988. Three species
 of parasitoids attacked the spring generation of the Hessian
 fly, whereas the fall generations were rarely parasitized.
 Parasitic activity occurred primarily during the month of May.
 Parasitism levels ranged from 0 to 87.5% and were affected by
 time of year, host density, geographic location, and the
 number of years Hessian flies had been present in an area.
 Homoporus destructor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was the
 most abundant parasitoid in Texas, followed by Eupelmus
 allynii (French) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) and Trichomalopsis
 subapterus (Forbes) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).
 
 
 65                                  NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Distribution of parasitism by Macrocentrus grandii
 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in maize infested by Ostrinia
 nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Onstad, D.W.; Siegel,
 J.P.; Maddox, J.V.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
 Environmental entomology v. 20 (1): p. 156-159; 1991 Feb. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Illinois; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis;
 Macrocentrus grandii; Parasites of insect pests; Dispersal;
 Biological control agents
 
 Abstract:  Macrocentrus grandii Goidanich is a braconid
 parasitoid of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis
 (Hubner). Over a 3-yr period, we collected corn borer larvae
 from maize fields in Illinois to determine how host density
 and other factors influence the distribution of parasitism.
 The proportion of parasitized larvae was not density dependent
 at the single-stalk and field scales. Parasitism was always
 higher in the first generation of the bivoltine population.
 Proportion of parasitized larvae was correlated with the
 proportion of stalks that had at least one parasitized larva
 and with the frequency of infested stalks. These correlations
 indicated that searching and oviposition by the female
 parasitoid may be random among maize stalks. The apparent
 inefficiency of this parasitoid is discussed.
 
 
 66                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Economic benefits of spider (Araneae) and insect (Hemiptera:
 Miridae) predators of cotton fleahoppers.
 Sterling, W.L.; Dean, A.; Abd El-Salam, N.M.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (1): p. 52-57; 1992 Feb. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium; Cost benefit analysis; Crop
 losses; Psallus seriatus; Biological control; Araneae;
 Hemiptera; Miridae; Predators of insect pests; Simulation
 models
 
 Abstract:  Spiders constitute some of the most important
 predators of the cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus
 (Reuter), in cotton fields in East Texas. Simulation studies
 showed that spiders were worth three times the value of
 insects as predators of the cotton fleahopper. To assess the
 economic value of spiders, the TEXCIM40 model was used to
 forecast the benefits of spiders and predaceous insects in the
 management of cotton fleahoppers. Forecasts of crop losses
 attributable to cotton fleahoppers cannot be accurate if the
 effects of spiders and other predators are not assessed.
 Benefits of generalist predators ranged from $0.86 to
 $15.50/0.4047 ha (1 acre) during the 5 yr of data used in
 simulations. However, potential benefits of > $60.00/0.4047 ha
 may be possible in certain cotton fields.
 
 
 67                                    NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
 Economic implication of IPM for cotton diseases.
 Lacewell, R.D.; Robinson, J.R.C.; Masud, S.M.
 Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1990.
 Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences.
 p. 23-26; 1990.  Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas,
 Nevada.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Integrated pest management;
 Fungal diseases; Plant pathogenic fungi; Economic analysis
 
 
 68                                    NAL Call. No.: HD101.S6
 Economic risk efficiency of boll weevil eradication.
 Szmedra, P.I.; McClendon, R.W.; Wetzstein, M.E.
 Experiment, Ga. : The Association; 1991 Jul.
 Southern journal of agricultural economics - Southern
 Agricultural Economics Association v. 23 (1): p. 237-245; 1991
 Jul.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Anthonomus grandis; Growth
 models; Simulation models; Integrated pest management; Risk;
 Federal programs; Program participants; Profitability;
 Agricultural regions; Deltas; Costs
 
 Abstract:  The purpose of this study was to determine the
 economic risk efficiency of implementing a boll weevil
 (Anthonomus grandis [Boheman]) eradication (BWE) program in
 cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) producing regions of the
 Mississippi Delta. Alternative producer pest management
 practices and program cost sharing were incorporated into a
 biophysical cotton simulation model. Participation in aBWE
 program along with strict adherence to Cooperative Extension
 Service pest management guidelines proved to be the risk
 efficient practice.
 
 
 69                               NAL Call. No.: SB950.3.M3J68
 Economic thresholds for insecticide application to rice:
 profitability and risk analysis to Filipino farmers.
 Smith, J.; Litsinger, J.A.; Bandong, J.P.; Lumaban, M.D.; Dela
 Cruz, C.G. Kuala Lumpur : The Malaysian Plant Protection
 Society; 1989 Apr. Journal of plant protection in the tropics
 v. 6 (1): p. 67-87; 1989 Apr. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Philippines; Oryza sativa; Hydrellia philippina;
 Cnaphalocrocis medinalis; Insect control; Chemical control;
 Loss prevention; Economic thresholds; Insecticides; Gross
 margins; Cost benefit analysis; Variable costs; Farm inputs;
 Crop yield; Grain; Yield losses; Crop damage; Decision making;
 Risk; Labor costs; Integrated pest management; Econometric
 models
 
 
 70                                 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A2B74
 Ecosystem diversification to encourage natural enemies of
 cereal aphids. Thomas, M.B.; Wratten, S.D.
 Surrey : British Crop Protection Council; 1990.
 Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Pests and Diseases v. 2:
 p. 691-696; 1990.  Meeting held November 19-22, 1990,
 Brighton, England.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Cereals; Aphididae; Biological control; Natural
 enemies; Predators of insect pests; Habitats
 
 
 71                                  NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
 Effect of cotton defoliants on leaf abscission, immature
 bolls, and lint yields in a short-season production system.
 Chu, C.C.; Henneberry, T.J.; Reynoso, T.Y.
 Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Apr.
 Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (2): p. 268-272; 1992
 Apr.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Gossypium hirsutum; Defoliants;
 Defoliation; Crop yield; Bolls; Lint; Irrigation scheduling;
 Application date; Pectinophora gossypiella; Integrated pest
 management
 
 
 72                                    NAL Call. No.: SB925.B5
 Effect of host insect-host plant associations on selected
 fitness components of Encarsia formosa (Gahan) (Hymenoptera:
 Aphelinidae).
 Bethke, J.A.; Nuessly, G.S.; Paine, T.D.; Redak, R.A.
 Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 Aug.
 Biological control v. 1 (2): p. 164-169; 1991 Aug.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Euphorbia pulcherrima; Nicotiana tabacum; Bemisia
 tabaci; Trialeurodes vaporariorum; Biological control agents;
 Encarsia formosa; Host parasite relationships; Parasites of
 insect pests; Host specificity
 
 
 73                                   NAL Call. No.: 421 EN895
 The effect of host size on quality attributes of the egg
 parasitoid, Trichogramma pretisoum.
 Bai, B.; Luck, R.F.; Forster, L.; Stephens, B.; Janssne,
 J.A.M. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Jul.
 Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 64 (1): p. 37-48;
 1992 Jul. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ephestia kuehniella; Helicoverpa zea; Manduca
 sexta; Plodia interpunctella; Sitotroga cerealella;
 Trichoplusia ni; Biological control; Insect control; Ova;
 Trichogramma pretiosum; Size
 
 
 74                                  NAL Call. No.: 442.8 AN72
 The effect of introducing the aphid-pathogenic fungus Erynia
 neoaphidis into populations of cereal aphids.
 Wilding, N.; Mardell, S.K.; Brobyn, P.J.; Wratten, S.D.;
 Lomas, J. Warwick : Association of Applied Biologists; 1990
 Dec.
 Annals of applied biology v. 117 (3): p. 683-691; 1990 Dec. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Uk; Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat; Sitobion
 avenae; Metopolophium dirhodum; Erynia neoaphidis;
 Entomophthora planchoniana; Biological control; Application
 date; Infection; Conidia
 
 
 75                                  NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
 Effect of oviposition deterrents from elderberry on behavioral
 responses by Heliothis virescens to host-plant volatiles in
 flight tunnel. Tingle, F.C.; Mitchell, E.R.
 New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Aug.
 Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (8): p. 1621-1631; 1991 Aug. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Heliothis virescens; Oviposition deterrents;
 Plant composition; Extracts; Sambucus; Volatile compounds;
 Bioassays; Wind tunnels; Insect control; Biological control
 
 Abstract:  In flight-tunnel assays, mated female Heliothis
 virescens (F.) moths responded by positive anemotaxis to
 volatiles from extracts of two host plants (cotton and
 tobacco), but they did not fly to an extract from elderberry
 (Sambucus simpsonii Rehd.), a nonhost that contains an
 oviposition deterrent for H. virescens. When the elderberry
 extract was mixed with extract from either cotton or tobacco,
 the flight response by moths to volatiles emanating from the
 extract blends was reduced significantly at most doses when
 compared to the positive response to extracts from either host
 alone. The number of landings (including brief contacts) and
 landings that resulted in oviposition on the substrates
 treated with extract blends also were reduced significantly in
 most tests.
 
 
 76                                  NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Effect of Steinernematid and Heterorhabditid nematodes
 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Herterorhabditidae) on
 nontarget arthropods. Georgis, R.; Kaya, H.K.; Gaugler, R.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Jun.
 Environmental entomology v. 20 (3): p. 815-822; 1991 Jun. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Insect pests; Steinernema; Heterorhabditis
 bacteriophora; Entomophilic nematodes; Biological control
 agents; Nontarget effects; Nontarget organisms
 
 Abstract:  The effect of entomopathogenic nematodes on
 nontarget arthropods in the laboratory, field soils, and a
 stream were assessed. In the laboratory, adult predators were
 less susceptible to the nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae
 (Weiser) (Rhabditida: Steiner-nematidae) and Heterorhabditis
 bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) than the
 immature stages. In field tests, entomopathogenic nematodes
 that had significantly suppressed pest populations (Popillia
 japonica Newman, japanese beetle, Scapteriscus vicinus
 Scudder, tawny mole cricket, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.), black
 vine weevil, Delia radicum (L.), cabbage maggot, and
 Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, western corn rootworm)
 did not adversely affect the numbers of nontarget soil
 arthropods in comparison with the untreated control. In
 contrast, broad-spectrum chemical insecticides (isofenphos,
 ethoprop, or chlorpyrifos used as chemical checks)
 significantly reduced or showed a tendency to reduce nontarget
 arthropod populations. In a stream trial, S. carpocapsae
 significantly reduced black fly larval populations, but the
 nontarget insects often increased in the treatment sites.
 Decreases in nontarget populations were matched by
 approximately equal or greater reductions in the upstream
 controls. We conclude that entomopathogenic nematodes do not
 adversely affect nontarget arthropods when used for short-term
 control of insect pests.
 
 
 77                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J829
 The effect of Teretriosoma nigrescens Lewis (Coleoptera:
 Histeridae) on three species of storage Bostrichidae infesting
 shelled maize.
 Rees, D.P.
 Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1991 Jan.
 Journal of stored products research v. 27 (1): p. 83-86; 1991
 Jan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Maize; Grain stores; Dinoderus minutus;
 Prostephanus truncatus; Rhyzopertha dominica; Population
 decrease; Biological control; Teretriosoma nigrescens;
 Predators of insect pests
 
 Abstract:  Teretriosoma nigrescens Lewis (Coleoptera:
 Histeridae) is known as a predator of Prostephanus truncatus
 (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Mexico and Central
 America, but not Africa. Over 8 weeks at 27 degrees C, 70%
 r.h., the yield of adults from cultures on maize initiated
 with 40 mixed-aged adult P. truncatus, Dinoderus minutus
 (Fab.) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.) (Coleoptera:
 Bostrichidae) was reduced by 83, 91 and 36% respectively when
 cultures were started with an additional five adult T.
 nigrescens. Weight loss to maize caused by the bostrichids was
 also reduced by 59, 65 and 28% respectively. The potential of
 the use of alternative prey species for the production of T.
 nigrescens prior to its possible use as a bio-control agent
 for control of P. truncatus in Africa is discussed.
 
 
 78                                  NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Effect on Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
 when rearing host fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on
 meridic diet containing foliage from resistant or susceptible
 corn genotypes.
 Riggin, T.M.; Isenhour, D.J.; Espelie, K.E.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
 Environmental entomology v. 21 (1): p. 214-219; 1992 Feb. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Georgia; Zea mays; Genotypes; Pest resistance;
 Susceptibility; Spodoptera frugiperda; Biological control;
 Cotesia marginiventris; Diet; Larvae; Longevity; Parasites of
 insect pests; Rearing techniques; Sex ratio
 
 Abstract:  Larval weights for fall armyworm, Spodoptera
 frugiperda (J.E. Smith), were not significantly affected at
 two constant temperature regimes (24 and 27 degrees C) when
 larvae parasitized by Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) were
 reared on resistant versus susceptible corn genotypes. Results
 indicated that the third trophic level was not adversely
 affected by fall armyworm feeding on pinto bean diet
 containing resistant versus susceptible corn genotypes.
 Developmental times for C. marginiventris were shorter when
 the parasitoids were maintained at the higher temperature.
 Time from egg to cocoon formation at 24 degrees C was
 significantly less when hosts were fed diet containing foliage
 from the susceptible genotype 'Cacahuacintle X'. Parasitoid
 longevity was increased at the higher temperature regime and
 was not affected by the corn genotype.
 
 
 79                                  NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Effects of below-ground predator-weed interactions on damage
 to peanut by southern corn rootworm (Coleoptera:
 Chrysomelidae).
 Brust, G.E.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Dec.
 Environmental entomology v. 19 (6): p. 1837-1844; 1990 Dec. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: North Carolina; Arachis hypogaea; Diabrotica
 undecimpunctata howardi; Weeds; Tyrophagus putrescentiae;
 Predators of insect pests; Biological control agents
 
 Abstract:  The below-ground effects of weeds (Amaranthus
 retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia
 L., Digitaria sanguinalis L., Setaria viridis L., Panicum
 dichotomiflorum Michx.) and increased soil moisture on damage
 to peanut pods by southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica
 undecimpunctata howardi Barber, was investigated in a 2-yr
 field and greenhouse study. Field experiments demonstrated
 that weedy areas had less pod damage overall and higher
 predator numbers than nonweedy areas. However, increased soil
 moisture, which increased southern corn rootworm oviposition
 and egg and larval survival, confounded the results.
 Greenhouse studies showed that three broadleaf species and
 three grass species were not as good food sources as peanuts
 for southern corn rootworm larvae. Although the presence of
 weeds growing with peanuts did not lower larval survival,
 weeds did significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) slow
 larval developmental rate. In greenhouse studies, damage to
 peanut pods was approximately 66% in peanut-only (control)
 treatments, 55% in peanut + weed treatments, 32% in peanut
 predator treatments, and 9% in peanut + weed + predator
 treatments. The interaction of predators and weeds in lowering
 the amount of damage caused by southern corn rootworm was
 significant (P less than or equal to 0.05). Field and
 greenhouse experiments demonstrated that at least two factors
 were operating to reduce pest damage in this below-ground,
 multispecies plant association. Predators and the structural
 complexity of the weed-crop root association may be working
 synergistically to reduce southern corn rootworm damage to
 peanuts.
 
 
 80                                  NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
 Effects of cotton plant allelochemicals and nutrients on
 behavior and development of tobacco budworm.
 Hedin, P.A.; Parrott, W.L.; Jenkins, J.N.
 New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Jun.
 Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (6): p. 1107-1121; 1991 Jun. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Pest resistance; Heliothis
 virescens; Allelochemicals; Terpenoids; Gossypol;
 Interactions; Amino acids; Insect control; Biological control
 
 Abstract:  Female moths of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis
 virescens (F.), oviposit in the terminals of the cotton plant,
 Gossypium hirsutum (L.). The hatched larvae migrate to the
 terminal area and then to small squares (buds), on which they
 feed, finally burrowing into the anthers where they grow and
 develop. They attempt to avoid gossypol glands as they feed.
 Chemically related evidence explains, in part, these
 observations. The calyx crown of resistant lines (which is
 avoided) is high in the terpenoid aldehydes (TAs) including
 gossypol. HPLC data showed that the gossypol content of both
 susceptible and resistant glanded lines is equal, while the
 hemigossypolone and heliocides H1 and H2 are greatly increased
 in resistant lines and presumably are more closely associated
 with resistance. Analysis for total amino acids in cotton
 square tissues showed that there was a gradation from the
 calyx and calyx crown, which were lowest, to the anthers, the
 site of final insect development, which were highest.
 Synthetic diets mimicking amino acid distribution in anthers
 were found to be successful for larval growth and development.
 
 
 81                                    NAL Call. No.: QL461.G4
 Effects of inherited sterility and insect resistant dentcorn
 silks on Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) development.
 Carpenter, J.E.; Wiseman, B.R.
 Griffin, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society; 1992 Oct.
 Journal of entomological science v. 27 (4): p. 413-420; 1992
 Oct.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Sterile insect
 release; Gamma radiation; Pest resistance; Integrated pest
 management
 
 
 82                                     NAL Call. No.: 421 C16
 Effects of photoperiod and temperature on diapause of two
 Aphelinus spp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing the
 Russian wheat aphid. Yu, D.S.
 Ottawa : Entomological Society of Canada; 1992 Sep.
 The Canadian entomologist v. 124 (5): p. 853-860; 1992 Sep. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Alberta; Kazakh ssr; Diuraphis noxia; Aphelinus;
 Biological control agents; Diapause; Parasites of insect
 pests; Survival; Temperature
 
 
 83                                  NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Effects of strip intercropping and no-tillage on some pest and
 beneficial invertebrates of corn in Ohio.
 Tonhasca, A. Jr; Stinner, B.R.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct.
 Environmental entomology v. 20 (5): p. 1251-1258; 1991 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ohio; Zea mays; Agrotis ipsilon; Mythimna
 unipuncta; Slugs; Diabrotica virgifera; Ostrinia nubilalis;
 Intercropping; No-tillage; Predators of insect pests;
 Biological control agents
 
 Abstract:  We tested two agronomic practices that are likely
 to increase plant and structural diversity, no-tillage and
 strip intercropping, for effects on corn invertebrate fauna.
 Some of the most common herbivores and natural enemies were
 sampled by direct counts and damage estimation from 1988
 through 1990 on monoculture corn and strips of corn alternated
 with soybean, under no-tillage and conventional tillage. Among
 soil pests, cut-worms (mostly the black cutworm, Agrotis
 ipsilon (Hufnagel)); armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta
 (Haworth); and slugs (Gastropoda) were more abundant in no-
 tillage plots, although only slugs caused severe damage. The
 western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte,
 and the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubitalis (Hubner), were
 generally more abundant in conventional tillage plots. Despite
 crop rotation, the strip-intercropping system (four rows of
 each crop) was less effective in reducing western corn
 rootworm infestation, especially in conventional tillage
 plots. In 1990 only, ladybugs (mostly Coleomegilla maculata
 (DeGeer)) were more abundant in conventional tillage plots,
 whereas tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de
 Beauvois), were more abundant in no-tillage plots. Japanese
 beetle, Popillia japonica Newman; stink bugs, Acrosternum
 hilare (Say) and Euschistus serous (Say); and spiders (Aranea)
 were not significantly affected by treatments.
 
 
 84                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Effects of two prey species on the development of Hippodamia
 sinuata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) larvae at constant
 temperatures. Michels, G.J. Jr; Behle, R.W.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (5): p. 1480-1484; 1991
 Oct.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Texas; Hippodamia; Larvae; Biological control
 agents; Laboratory rearing; Predators of insect pests;
 Rhopalosiphum maidis; Schizaphis graminum; Temperature
 
 Abstract:  The effects of prey species and constant
 temperature regimes on the development of Hippodamia sinuata
 Mulsant were studied. H. sinuata completed larval development
 faster on corn leaf aphids, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), than
 on greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), at low
 temperatures, but no significant differences were evident at
 temperatures > 20 degrees C. H. sinuata began development at a
 lower threshold temperature (7.05 degrees C), and required
 more degree-days (338.63) for development when corn leaf
 aphids were the prey rather than greenbugs (12.90 degrees C,
 259.54). At 25 and 30 degrees C, H. sinuata larvae consumed
 significantly more corn leaf aphids than greenbugs (both per
 day and total consumption), whereas significantly more
 greenbugs were consumed at 20 and 35 degrees C. The results of
 the studies confirm the importance of corn leaf aphids as an
 early-season, cool-temperature prey for H. sinuata.
 
 
 85                                    NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
 Effects of uncultivated corridors on arthropod abundances and
 crop yields in soybean agroecosystems.
 Rodenhouse, N.L.; Barrett, G.W.; Zimmerman, D.M.; Kemp, J.C.
 Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 Feb.
 Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 38 (3): p. 179-191;
 1992 Feb. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ohio; Glycine max; Corridor systems; Monoculture;
 Crop yield; Arthropod pests; Predatory arthropods; Population
 density; Uncultivated ground; Integrated pest management;
 Alternative farming
 
 
 86                                   NAL Call. No.: QL461.S65
 Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin to control
 overwintering boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman.
 Frank, W.A.; Slosser, J.E.
 College Station, Tex. : Southwestern Entomological Society;
 1990 Mar. The Southwestern entomologist v. 15 (1): p. 77-78;
 1990 Mar.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Anthonomus grandis; Beauveria
 bassiana; Biological control agents
 
 
 87                                  NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
 Enantiomeric synthesis of dominicalure, aggregation pheromone
 of lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.).
 Liu, L.Y.; Lin, G.Q.
 New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Jun.
 Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (6): p. 1921-1925; 1990 Jun. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Rhyzopertha dominica; Aggregation pheromones;
 Enantiomers; Synthesis; Insect control; Biological control
 
 Abstract:  (S)-(+)-1-Methylbutyl (E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoate, 1,
 and (S)-(+)-I-methylbutyl (E)-2,4-dimethyl-2-pentenoate, 2,
 the aggregation pheromone for lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha
 dominica (F), were synthesized from crotylaldehyde in an
 overall yield of 30%. The chiral intermediate was prepared in
 90% enantiomer excess, employing the Sharpless asymmetric
 epoxidation.
 
 
 88                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 P193
 Entomopathogenic fungi (Zygomycotina: Entomophthorales)
 infecting cereals aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Montana.
 Feng, M.G.; Nowierski, R.M.; Scharen, A.L.; Sands, D.C.
 San Francisco, Calif. : Pacific Coast Entomological Society;
 1991 Jan. The Pan-Pacific entomologist v. 67 (1): p. 55-64;
 1991 Jan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Montana; Cereals; Aphididae; Biological control;
 Entomogenous fungi; Entomophthorales; Irrigated conditions;
 Dry conditions
 
 
 89                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Entomopathogenicity of several fungi toward the English grain
 Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and enhancement of virulence with
 host passage of Paecilomyces farinosus.
 Hayden, T.P.; Bidochka, M.J.; Khachatourians, G.G.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (1): p. 58-64; 1992 Feb. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Grain crops; Sitobion avenae;
 Biological control; Entomogenous fungi; Beauveria bassiana;
 Beauveria brongniartii; Conidiobolus obscurus; Erynia
 neoaphidis; Paecilomyces farinosus; Verticillium lecanii;
 Virulence
 
 Abstract:  Virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus
 Paecilomyces farinosus was tested against the English grain
 aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.), before and after selective
 subculturing of the fungus. When the stock culture of P.
 farinosus was tested against S. avenae, an LT50 of 11.1 d was
 observed. P. farinosus was subcultured by two methods. In the
 first method, P. farinosus was subjected to repeated passages
 through the host. In the second method, the fungus was
 repeatedly subcultured on an agar medium that contained
 sterilized S. avenae cuticle as the only nutrient source. In
 both cases, after three selective subcultures of P. farinosus,
 a decrease in the LT50 to approximately 5.0 d was observed. To
 our knowledge, the effect of serial in-vitro passage of an
 entomopathogenic fungus on cuticle of the host insect and the
 associated LT50 has not been previously studied. Repeated
 subculturing of the more virulent strain of P. farinosus on
 nonselective media did not result in an increase in LT50. Five
 other entomopathogenic fungi were assayed for their virulence
 towards S. avenae. These fungi were Verticillium lecanii
 (Zimmerman) Viegas, Erynia heoaphidis Remaudiere & Keller,
 Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin, Beauveria brongniartii
 (Saccardo) Petch, and Conidiobolus obscurus (Hall & Dunn)
 Remaudiere & Keller. V. lecanii showed the greatest virulence,
 with an LT50 of 2.4 d. E. neoaphidis had an LT50 of 8.0 d,
 whereas treatment with B. bassiana resulted in an LT50 of 9.5
 d. B. brongniartii had the lowest virulence of the strains
 tested against S. avenae with an LT50 of 11.7 d.
 
 
 90                                  NAL Call. No.: 464.8 AN72
 Epidemiology of barley yellow dwarf: a study in ecological
 complexity. Irwin, M.E.; Thresh, J.M.
 Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc; 1990.
 Annual review of phytopathology v. 28: p. 393-424; 1990. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hordeum vulgare; Barley yellow dwarf luteovirus;
 Disease transmission; Epidemiology; Disease vectors;
 Aphididae; Phenology; Plant ecology; Integrated pest
 management
 
 
 91                                     NAL Call. No.: 421 C16
 Eudorylas (Metadorylas) sp. (Diptera: Pipunculidae): a
 previously unreported parasitoid of Dalbulus maidis (Delong
 and Wolcott) and Dalbulus elimatus (Ball) (Homoptera:
 Cicadellidae).
 Vega, F.E.; Barbosa, P.; Panduro, A.P.
 Ottawa : Entomological Society of Canada; 1991 Jan.
 The Canadian entomologist v. 123 (1): p. 241-242. ill; 1991
 Jan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mexico; Zea mays; Dalbulus elimatus; Dalbulus
 maidis; Disease vectors; Maize rayado fino marafivirus;
 Mycoplasma-like organisms; Spiroplasma kunkelii; Biological
 control; Diptera; Parasites of insect pests
 
 
 92                                  NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
 European corn borer sex pheromone: inhibition and elicitation
 of behavioral response by analogs.
 Schwarz, M.; Klun, J.A.; Uebel, E.C.
 New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 May.
 Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (5): p. 1591-1604; 1990 May. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ostrinia nubilalis; Sex pheromones; Analogs;
 Animal behavior; Inhibition; Structure activity relationships;
 Insect control; Biological control
 
 Abstract:  The male sexual behavior-stimulating and inhibiting
 properties of a series of analogs of the European corn borer
 sex pheromone were determined in a flight tunnel. The
 structural requirements for inhibition of pheromonal response
 were far less restrictive than those for elicitation of that
 response. Analogs that by themselves elicited upwind flight
 response from males at a low dose were generally less
 inhibitory to male response than many of the analogs that had
 no pheromonal activity. These findings suggest that many
 pheromone analogs bind to pheromone receptors without
 provoking behavioral response and possibly undergo slower
 degradation on the antenna than pheromonally active compounds.
 The disparity of response to analogs by two pheromonal types
 of the European corn borer indicates that the pheromone
 receptor and pheromone catabolic systems are biochemically
 very different in the two types.
 
 
 93                                      NAL Call. No.: S27.A3
 Evaluating Russian wheat aphid parasitoids for establishment
 potential in the Great Plains.
 Elliott, N.C.; Reed, D.K.; Nechols, J.R.; Kieckhefer, R.W.;
 Kindler, S.D.; Flanders, R.V.; French, B.W.; Arnold, D.C.
 S.l. : The Council; 1992.
 Great Plains Agricultural Council publication (142): p.
 160-163; 1992. Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid
 Conference, January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: South Dakota; Kansas; Oklahoma; Diuraphis noxia;
 Diaeretiella rapae; Aphidius matricariae; Parasitoids;
 Biological control agents
 
 
 94                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Evaluation of a pest advisory for corn earworm (Lepidoptera:
 Noctuidae) infestations in soybean.
 Herbert, D.A.; Zehnder, G.W.; Day, E.R.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Apr.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (2): p. 515-519; 1991
 Apr.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Virginia; Glycine max; Infestation; Helicoverpa
 zea; Integrated pest management; Light traps; Pheromone traps;
 Advisory centers
 
 Abstract:  Larval surveys of second-generation corn earworm,
 Heliothis zea (Boddie), taken in field corn in mid-July from
 1976 to 1989 were used in a pest advisory program to predict
 potential for later infestations in Virginia soybeans.
 Estimates of statewide soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill,
 acreage treated for corn earworm were used to evaluate survey
 predictions. Blacklight-trap and pheromone-trap moth catches
 from 1983 to 1989 were plotted to study trends in moth
 activity around soybean fields and to evaluate their use in
 the pest advisory. Total soybean acreage treated for corn
 earworm increased linearly with an increase in percent corn
 ears infested with corn earworm. Generally, <20% corn
 infestation resulted in <10% soybean acreage tested; a 20-35%
 infestation resulted in 28-35% acreage treated; and >35%
 infestation resulted in approximately 50% or more acreage
 treated. Corn earworm moth activity around soybean fields
 increased in late July to early August, peaked one time each
 season from 15 to 24 August, and ceased by mid-to late
 September. Pheromone traps provided timely detection of moths
 in individual fields; however, blacklight-trap catch was a
 better area-wide indicator of corn earworm infestation
 severity in soybeans.
 
 
 95                                    NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
 Evaluation of Catolaccus grandis (Burks) as a biological
 control agent against the cotton boll weevil.
 Morales-Ramos, J.A.; King, E.G.
 Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1991.
 Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 2: p. 724; 1991. 
 Paper presented at the "Cotton Insect Research and Control
 Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Anthonomus grandis; Insect
 control; Biological control; Catolaccus; Entomogenous fungi
 
 
 96                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Evaluation of starch encapsulation for formulation of
 grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) entomopoxviruses.
 McGuire, M.R.; Streett, D.A.; Shasha, B.S.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Dec.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (6): p. 1652-1656; 1991
 Dec.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Melanoplus sanguinipes; Orthoptera; Mortality;
 Biological control; Entomopoxvirus; Encapsulation;
 Formulations; Starch; Storage; Viability; Adjuvants; Carbaryl;
 Insect control
 
 Abstract:  An entomopoxvirus isolated from Melanoplus
 sanguinipes (F.) and currently under consideration as a
 microbial control agent for rangeland grasshoppers was
 formulated in starch matrices containing various adjuvants and
 fed to M. sanguinipes nymphs. Percent mortality 21 d after
 exposure to granules containing molasses (a feeding stimulant)
 and carbon (an ultraviolet [UV] light screen) was 80%, whereas
 a formulation containing Congo red produced only 35%
 mortality. Although control mortality averaged 31%, percent
 infection of surviving control grasshoppers was only 1.5%.
 Percent infection of surviving grasshoppers fed starch-
 encapsulated virus containing molasses and carbon was 89.7%,
 whereas only 30% of the survivors were infected following
 exposure to granules with Congo red. A field test in which
 starch granules laced with carbaryl were applied to small
 rangeland plots demonstrated that grasshoppers located and fed
 upon the granules as readily as the commercial standard wheat
 bran bait. Survival of virus and acceptance of the starch bait
 by grasshoppers suggest that this versatile formulation
 technique should play a major part in the development of
 grasshopper microbial control products.
 
 
 97                                    NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
 Evaluation of two management strategies for stalk borer,
 Papaipema nebris, in corn.
 Davis, P.M.; Pedigo, L.P.
 Guildford : Butterworths; 1990 Oct.
 Crop protection v. 9 (5): p. 387-391; 1990 Oct.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Zea mays; Papaipema nebris; Stem borers; Larvae;
 Growth models; Heat sums; Emergence; Prediction; Timing;
 Permethrin; Insect control; Chemical control; Integrated pest
 management; Decision making
 
 
 98                                  NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Experiments using a simulation model of the Banks grass mite
 (Acari: Tetranychidae) and the predatory mite Neoseiulus
 fallacis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in a corn microenvironment.
 Berry, J.S.; Holtzer, T.O.; Norman, J.M.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Aug.
 Environmental entomology v. 20 (4): p. 1074-1078; 1991 Aug. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Zea mays; Oligonychus pratensis; Neoseiulus
 fallacis; Predatory mites; Simulation models; Biological
 control agents
 
 Abstract:  The simulation model (MiteSim) of the mite
 predator-prey system consisting of Banks grass mite,
 Oligonychus pratensis (Banks), and the predatory mite
 Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) was used to evaluate mite
 population dynamics in Nebraska corn fields in relation to
 microenvironmental variables. Simulation results demonstrated
 the importance of using humidity and temperature conditions at
 the leaf surface instead of weather station conditions to
 simulate the mite system on corn in Nebraska. Also, humidity
 (in addition to temperature) was determined to be critically
 important in the population dynamics of the two mites. The
 temperature and humidity at the leaf surface of moderately
 drought-stressed corn (compared with well-watered corn)
 resulted in higher simulated populations of Banks grass mite.
 Simulation studies also showed that colonization of a corn
 field by less than one adult female Banks grass mite per plant
 in june can result in mite densities sufficient to cause crop
 loss by August (Banks grass mite biotic potential without
 extrinsic mortality).
 
 
 99                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 An expert system for management of Delia coarctata (Diptera:
 Anthomyiidae) in the United Kingdom.
 Jones, T.H.; Young, J.E.B.; Norton, G.A.; Mumford, J.D.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Oct.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 83 (5): p. 2065-2072; 1990
 Oct.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Uk; Triticum; Winter wheat; Delia coarctata;
 Chemical control; Cultural control; Expert systems;
 Insecticides; Integrated pest management; Oviposition; Safety
 at work
 
 Abstract:  A computer-based expert system (BULBFLY) has
 beendeveloped for the management of wheat bulb fly, Delia
 coarctata (Fallen), in theUnited Kingdom. The logical
 structure of the decision problem is described, together with
 factsand rules necessary for the estimation of egg numbers,
 crop susceptibility, and control effectiveness. With this
 knowledge and with various levels of information supplied by
 theuser of BULBFLY, the expert system provides recommendations
 on strategic and tacticaloptions for management of wheat bulb
 fly. BULBFLY gives comparative costs of the various treatments
 recommended, ecological and biological information on the
 pest, details ofcultural control practices, and general advice
 on the safe use of insecticides. Like otherknowledge-based
 systems in pest management, BULBFLY offers support for
 practical problem solving, identification of research needs,
 information provision and processing, and training.
 
 
 100                                  NAL Call. No.: 381 J8223
 Feeding and toxic effects of floral sesquiterpene lactones,
 diterpenes, and phenolics from sunflower (Helianthus annuus
 L.) on western corn rootworm. Mullin, C.A.; Alfatafa, A.A.;
 Harman, J.L.; Everett, S.L.; Serino, A.A. Washington, D.C. :
 American Chemical Society; 1991 Dec.
 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry v. 39 (12): p.
 2293-2299; 1991 Dec.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Diabrotica virgifera; Antifeedants; Helianthus
 annuus; Plant composition; Phenolic compounds; Sesquiterpenoid
 lactones; Toxicity; Insect control; Biological control
 
 Abstract:  Feeding deterrents for adult western corn rootworm,
 Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera:
 Chrysomelidae), some of which were neurotoxic, were isolated
 from inflorescences of cultivated sunflower by chromatography
 of ethyl acetate solubles on Toyopearl TSK HW-40F and silica
 gel. Antifeedants, as measured through a consumption bioassay
 with treated squash flower disks containing cucurbitacin
 feeding stimulants for rootworm, were characterized by UV,1H
 and 13C NMR, and EIMS. Fractionation by these methods gave 15
 active principles of which argophyllin A and 3-O-
 methylniveusin A, both sesquiterpene lactone angelates, were
 the most potent. Feeding deterrency decreased in the order
 sesquiterpenes >> diterpenes > flavonoids > dicaffeoylquinic
 acids. The diterpenoic acid grandifloric acid and its 15-
 angelate and the flavonoids nevadensin and quercetin beta-7-O-
 glucoside were much poorer antifeedants, although more
 abundant components of sunflower. Synergistic or antagonistic
 interactions for combinations of deterrents within or between
 the sesquiterpene, diterpene, and flavonoid classes were not
 found, indicating sunflower antifeedants act jointly in an
 additive fashion. The highly active antifeedant germacranolide
 angelates exhibit structural features and injected symptoms in
 adult rootworm similar to picrotoxinin, a gamma-aminobutyric
 acid gated chloride channel antagonist, suggesting a link
 between sesquiterpene neurotoxicity and GABA.
 
 
 101                                 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Feeding responses of adult Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera:
 Coccinellidae) to eggs of Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera:
 Chrysomelidae) and green peach aphids (Homoptra: Aphididae).
 Hazzard, R.V.; Ferro, D.N.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Apr.
 Environmental entomology v. 20 (2): p. 644-651; 1991 Apr. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Leptinotarsa decemlineata;
 Myzus persicae; Coleomegilla maculata; Predators of insect
 pests; Ova; Feeding behavior; Biological control agents
 
 Abstract:  Feeding responses that influence the effectiveness
 of a polyphagous endemic coccinellid, Coleomegilla maculata
 (DeGeer), for biological control of Colorado potato beetle,
 Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), in potato were examined in
 the laboratory. Consumption rate, functional response, prey
 preference, and the effect of alternate prey were studied for
 C. maculata adult females feeding upon eggs of Colorado potato
 beetle; Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and corn pollen were alternate
 food sources. C. maculata females continuously supplied with
 eggs attacked an average of 20.8 eggs per 48 h, and
 introduction of M. persicae significantly reduced but did not
 eliminate egg feeding. Females starved for 24 h showed a Type
 II functional response to egg density when offered 10-70 eggs
 per 24 h in small cages at 26 +/- 2 degrees C. Data fit well
 to the Holling disk equation, which predicted maximum egg
 consumption of 31.5 eggs per 24 h. The functional response
 curve showed suppression of egg feeding at high egg densities
 when aphids were present as alternate prey, but no effect was
 evident at low egg densities. There was no change in
 functional response with corn pollen as the alternate food.
 When Colorado potato beetle eggs and aphids were available in
 equal numbers, females did not prefer either prey at low prey
 densities, but they preferred aphids over eggs at high
 densities. Eggs were an adequate (but not optimal) diet for
 larval development and adult oviposition relative to M.
 persicae or corn pollen. Some implications for ecology and
 effectiveness of C. maculata for control of Colorado potato
 beetle in potato are discussed.
 
 
 102                                   NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Field evaluation of granular starch formulations of Bacillus
 thuringiensis against Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera:
 Pyralidae).
 McGuire, M.R.; Shasha, B.S.; Lewis, L.C.; Bartelt, R.J.;
 Kinney, K. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America;
 1990 Dec. Journal of economic entomology v. 83 (6): p.
 2207-2210; 1990 Dec.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Illinois; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis; Larvae;
 Tunnels; Bacillus thuringiensis; Biological control agents;
 Encapsulation; Formulations; Phagostimulants; Starch
 
 Abstract:  Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Berliner was
 encapsulated within cornstarch granules with the feeding
 stimulant Coax or the UV screen Congo red and tested at two
 field sites against European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis
 (Hubner), feeding in whorl-stage corn. These tests were done
 to determine the relative effect of these additives on
 efficacy of starch-encapsulated B. thuringiensis. At both
 sites, all treatments with B. thuringiensis significantly
 reduced tunneling by O. nubilalis. At one site, significant
 effects of addition of the phagostimulant were observed. When
 Coax was added at 1 or 10% of starch dry weight with 400
 international units (IU) B. thuringiensis per mg dry granule
 weight, response of O. nubilalis was equivalent to that
 obtained with granules containing no feeding stimulant and
 1,600 IU/mg. Also, granules with Coax and 400 IU/mg gave a
 response similar to that obtained from the commercial product
 Dipel 10G formulated at 1,600 IU/mg. At the other site, the
 effect of phagostimulant was not significant, primarily
 because O. nubilalis infestation levels were too low for
 precise discrimination among treatments.
 
 
 103                                   NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
 Field evaluation of Naturalis against the boll weevil: a
 biorational mycoinsecticide.
 Wright, J.E.; Chandler, L.D.
 Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1991.
 Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 2: p. 677-679;
 1991.  Paper presented at the "Cotton Insect Research and
 Control Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Anthonomus grandis; Insect
 pests; Beauveria bassiana; Biological control
 
 
 104                                   NAL Call. No.: QL461.G4
 Field evaluation of Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida:
 Steinernematidae) against black cutworm (Lepidoptera:
 Noctuidae) larvae in field corn. Levine, E.; Oloumi-Sadeghi,
 H.
 Griffin, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society; 1992 Oct.
 Journal of entomological science v. 27 (4): p. 427-435; 1992
 Oct.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Illinois; Zea mays; Agrotis ipsilon; Neoaplectana
 carpocapsae; Entomophilic nematodes; Biological control agents
 
 
 105                                   NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Field manipulation of Nomuraea riley (Moniliales:
 Moniliaceae): effects on soybean defoliators in coastal
 Ecuador.
 Stansly, P.A.; Orellana M, G.J.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Dec.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 83 (6): p. 2193-2195; 1990
 Dec.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ecuador; Glycine max; Defoliation; Insect pests;
 Biological control; Field experimentation; Nomuraea rileyi;
 Coastal areas
 
 Abstract:  Attempts to influence the prevalence of the
 entomophathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson in
 populations of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia
 gemmatalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and the soybean
 looper, Pseudoplusta includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera:
 Noctuidae), were made in two field experiments with soybean
 (Glycine max L.) on Ecuador's humid coastal plain. Larval
 numbers and mortality were compared in large replicated plots
 sprayed with either conidia or the fungicides benomyl and
 chlorothalonil, and in untreated controls. N. rileyi conidia
 treatment caused a short-lived increase in larval mortality
 and no change in population levels of velvetbean caterpillar
 or soybean looper. The fungicide treatment persistently
 inhibited N. rileyi, causing significantly higher populations
 of the two defoliators.
 
 
 106                                   NAL Call. No.: QL461.E4
 Field manipulation of populations of individual staphylinid
 species in cereals and their impact on aphid populations.
 Dennis, P.; Wratten, S.D.
 Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Feb.
 Ecological entomology v. 16 (1): p. 17-24; 1991 Feb.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: England; Triticum aestivum; Sitobion avenae;
 Tachyporus; Philonthus; Predators of insect pests; Population
 dynamics; Biological control agents
 
 
 107                                     NAL Call. No.: S27.A3
 Foreign exploration for natural enemies of Russian wheat aphid
 in Iran and in the Kunlun, Tian Shan, and Altai Mountain
 Valleys of The People's Republic of China.
 Gonzalez, D.; Gilstrap, F.; McKinnon, L.; Zhang, J.; Zareh,
 N.; Zhang, G.; Stary, P.; Wolley, J.; Wang, R.
 S.l. : The Council; 1992.
 Great Plains Agricultural Council publication (142): p.
 197-209; 1992. Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid
 Conference, January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Iran; China; Diuraphis noxia; Predators;
 Parasitoids; Surveys; Biological control agents
 
 
 108                                   NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
 Formulation of socially efficient economic injury levels for
 insecticide use in IPM.
 Robinson, J.R.C.; Lacewell, R.D.
 Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1990.
 Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences.
 p. 405-410; 1990.  Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas,
 Nevada.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Insect pests; Gossypium hirsutum; Insecticides;
 Integrated pest management; Economic analysis; Production
 costs
 
 
 109                                  NAL Call. No.: QH506.U34
 Functional response of arthropod predators and its role in the
 biological control of insect pests in agricultural systems.
 O'Neil, R.J.
 New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Liss, Inc; 1990.
 UCLA symposia on molecular and cellular biology v. 112: p.
 83-96; 1990.  In the series analytic: New directions in
 biological control: Alternatives for suppressing agricultural
 pests and diseases / edited by R.R. Baker and P.E. Dunn.
 Proceedings of a UCLA Colloquium, January 20-27, 1989, Frisco,
 Colorado.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Glycine max; Insect pests; Plant pests;
 Biological control; Biological control agents; Theory;
 Predators of insect pests; Natural enemies; Predatory
 arthropods; Predator prey relationships; Podisus
 maculiventris; Epilachna varivestis
 
 Abstract:  The theory of the functional response of arthropod
 predators is reviewed. Predictions from theory are compared to
 results of a field study of predation in soybeans.
 Incongruities between theoretical predictions and empirical
 findings are identified and a hypothesis to explain the field
 results is suggested. The importance of the concept of the
 functional response to understanding predation in crops is
 discussed.
 
 
 110                                   NAL Call. No.: SB925.B5
 Functional response of Catolaccus grandis (Burks)
 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in field cages.
 Morales-Ramos, J.A.; Cate, J.R.
 Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1992 Sep.
 Biological control v. 2 (3): p. 193-202; 1992 Sep.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Gossypium; Anthonomus grandis; Catolaccus;
 Parasitoids; Functional responses; Host parasite
 relationships; Population density; Host-seeking behavior; Age;
 Fecundity; Environmental factors; Parasitism; Biological
 control; Mathematical models
 
 
 111                                   NAL Call. No.: SB925.B5
 Habitat use patterns by the seven-spotted lady beetle
 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in a diverse agricultural
 landscape.
 Maredia, K.M.; Gage, S.H.; Landis, D.A.; Scriber, J.M.
 Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1992 Jun.
 Biological control v. 2 (2): p. 159-165; 1992 Jun.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Michigan; Coccinella septempunctata; Biological
 control agents; Habitats; Zea mays; Triticum aestivum;
 Populus; Medicago sativa; Insect control; Tillage; No-tillage;
 Habitat selection; Prey; Aphidoidea; Availability; Ecology
 
 
 112                                  NAL Call. No.: SB321.G85
 Higher profits through better quality sweet corn.
 Bouncher, J.
 Storrs, Conn. : Coop. Ext. Serv., USDA, College of Agriculture
 & Natural Resources, Univ. of Conn; 1991 Dec.
 The Grower : vegetable and small fruit newsletter v. 91 (12):
 p. 5-6, 8; 1991 Dec.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Zea mays; Integrated pest management; Profits
 
 
 113                                   NAL Call. No.: 470 C16D
 Histopathology of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (Reoviridae)
 infection in corn earworm, Helicaverpa zea (Boddie), larvae
 (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
 Bong, C.F.J.; Sikorowski, P.P.
 Ottawa, Canada : National Research Council of Canada; 1991
 Aug. Canadian journal of zoology v. 69 (8): p. 2121-2127; 1991
 Aug.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Cytoplasmic
 polyhedrosis viruses; Larvae; Integrated pest management;
 Biological control agent