TITLE: IPM and Biological Control of Plant Pests: Field Crops
PUBLICATION DATE: September 1993
ENTRY DATE: April 1995
EXPIRATION DATE:
UPDATE FREQUENCY:
CONTACT: Jane Gates
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DOCUMENT TYPE: text
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ISSN: 1052-5378
United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library
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IPM and Biological Control of Plant Pests: Field Crops
January 1991 - July 1993
QB 93-69
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IPM and Biological Control of Plant Pests: Field Crops
January 1991 - July 1993
Quick Bibliography Series: QB 93-69
Updates QB 91-144
289 citations in English from AGRICOLA
Jane Potter Gates
Alternative Farming Systems Information Center
September 1993 National Agricultural Library cataloging Record:
Gates, Jane Potter
IPM and biological control of plant pests : field crops.
(Quick bibliography series ; 93-69)
1. Pests--Integrated control--Bibliography. 2. Pests--
Biological control--Bibliography. 3. Field crops--Diseases and
pests--Bibliography. I. Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.93-69
AGRICOLA
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Agricultural Library's AGRICOLA database. An explanation of
sample journal article, book, and audiovisual citations
appears below.
JOURNAL ARTICLE:
Citation # NAL Call No.
Article title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher. Journal Title.
Date. Volume (Issue). Pages. (NAL Call Number).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8.SCH6
Morrison, S.B. Denver, Colo.: American School Food Service
Association. School foodservice journal. Sept 1987. v. 41
(8). p.48-50. ill.
BOOK:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date. Information
on pagination, indices, or bibliographies.
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL RM218.K36 1987
Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
Kane, June Kozak. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.
Includes index. xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm. Bibliography:
p. 126.
AUDIOVISUAL:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date.
Supplemental information such as funding. Media format
(i.e., videocassette): Description (sound, color, size).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV
All aboard the nutri-train.
Mayo, Cynthia. Richmond, Va.: Richmond Public Schools,
1981. NET funded. Activity packet prepared by Cynthia
Mayo. 1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +
activity packet. IPM AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT PESTS: FIELD CROPS
SEARCH STRATEGY
Set Items Description
S1 463 IPM
S2 6746 INTEGRATED
S3 18790 PEST
S4 128482 MANAGEMENT
S5 2310 INTEGRATED(W)PEST(W)MANAGEMENT
S6 2383 IPM OR INTEGRATED(W)PEST(W)MANAGEMENT
S7 6746 INTEGRATED
S8 134489 CONTROL?
S9 955 INTEGRATED(W)CONTROL?
S10 3197 S6 OR INTEGRATED()CONTROL?
S11 534 BIOCONTROL
S12 27998 BIOLOGICAL
S13 134489 CONTROL?
S14 12748 BIOLOGICAL(W)CONTROL?
S15 15616 S10 OR BIOCONTROL OR BIOLOGICAL()CONTROL?
S16 14991 ALTERNATIVE?
S17 177648 PEST?
S18 134489 CONTROL?
S19 8413 PEST?(N)CONTROL?
S20 15689 S15 OR ALTERNATIVE? AND PEST?(N)CONTROL?
S21 63215 SH=F821
S22 74282 INSECT()PEST? OR S21
S23 9039 S20 AND S22
S24 8928 S23/TI,DE,ID
S25 7644 S24/ENG
255527 UD=9101 : UD=9999
S26 1674 S25 AND UD=9101:9999
S38 155412 FIELD()CROP? OR WHEAT OR CORN OR OATS OR BARLEY
OR GRAIN? OR TOBACCO OR PEANUT? OR SUGARBEET?
S53 199547 S38 OR SOYBEAN? OR ZEA()MAYS OR
HORDEUM()VULGARE OR TRITICUM()AESTIVUM OR
GOSSYPIUM OR COTTON OR CEREAL? OR SORGHUM
S57 200579 S53 OR NICOTIANA()TABACUM
S58 280 S26 AND S57
S59 255527 UD=9101 : UD=9999
S60 280 S58 AND UD=9101 : 9999
IPM AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT PESTS: FIELD CROPS
1 NAL Call. No.: 100 T31P
1988 Importations and shipments of parasites for biological
control of Russian wheat aphid.
Gilstrap, F.E.; McKinnon, L.K.; Gonzalez, D.; Woolley, J.B.;
Wharton, R.A. College Station, Tex. : The Station; 1989 Aug.
PR - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (4674): 12 p.; 1989
Aug. Includes statistical data. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Diuraphis noxia; Parasites of insect pests
2 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 Il62C no.899 1987
1988 insect pest management guide field and forage crops..
Insect pest management guide Field and forage crops Kuhlman,
Donald E.; Steffey, Kevin Lloyd, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Cooperative Extension Service, Illinois,
Natural History Survey Division Urbana, Ill. : University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture,
Cooperative Extension Service, in cooperation with Illinois
Natural History Survey,; 1987.
29 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (Circular (University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign. Cooperative Extension Service) ; 899.).
Caption title. Revised annually. November 1987. Includes
bibliographical references (p. 29).
Language: English
Descriptors: Field crops; Forage crops; Insect pests;
Pesticides
Abstract: Topics covered in this field and forage crops
insect pest management guide include integrated pest
management (IPM) and pest scouting, federal and state laws
governing pesticide use, insecticide nomenclature, pesticide
labels and safety, corn rootworm, wireworm, European corn
borer, and reduced tillage and no-till corn insect pests and
their control, forage insects, worker reentry periods, and
additional information sources. Specific insecticide
recommendations for soybean, alfalfa and clover, grain
sorghum, small grains, sunflower, grass pasture, and noncrop
area insect control are provided. It also contains tables of
harvest restrictions and insecticide toxicities. This
publication is revised annually.
3 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 Il62C no.1242 1987
1988 insect pest management guide stored grain.. Insect pest
management guide Stored grain
Weinzierl, Richard A.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Cooperative
Extension Service Urbana, Ill. : University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture, Cooperative
Extension Service,; 1987.
7 p. ; 28 cm. (Circular (University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign. Cooperative Extension Service) ; 1242.). Caption
title. November 1987. Includes bibliographical references (p.
7).
Language: English
Descriptors: Grain; Storage; Diseases and injuries; Insect
pests; Control; Pesticides; Application; Study and teaching;
Illinois
Abstract: This annually revised guide contains insecticide
and cultural control recommendations for managing stored-grain
insect pests. Integrated pest management (IPM) concepts and
applicator certification requirements for applying
insecticides and fumigants are discussed. Addresses and
telephone numbers of Illinois Poison Resource Centers and
sources of additional information are provided.
4 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.A2C47
1993 Corn--insect, disease, nematode, and weed control
recommendations. Everest, J.W.; Patterson, M.G.; Mask, P.
Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1993 Jan.
Circular ANR - Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn
University (428): 10 p.; 1993 Jan. In subseries: Integrated
Pest Management.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Insect pests; Insect control;
Insecticides; Plant disease control; Nematode control; Weed
control; Herbicides; Application methods; Application rates
5 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Ability of Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) to
search for, find, and attack European corn borer and corn
earworm eggs on corn. Reid, C.D.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (1): p. 83-86; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Ova;
Biological control; Orius insidiosus; Predators of insect
pests; Searching behavior
Abstract: The ability of Orius insidiosus (Say) to search
for, find, and destroy eggs of European corn borer, Ostrinia
nubilalis (Hubner), and corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea
(Boddie), was investigated in the field. Mobility of O.
insidiosus on individual corn plants, attack rates on corn
borer and corn earworm eggs, and searching capacity on corn
plants were studied. Egg position on the corn plant and
predator density affected egg mortality. Mortality rates rose
with increased predator numbers. O. insidiosus searched in the
corn silks first, followed by searching on the corn leaves but
not in the tassel.
6 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Adherent starch granules for encapsulation of insect control
agents. McGuire, M.R.; Shasha, B.S.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Aug.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (4): p. 1425-1433. ill;
1992 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diabrotica virgifera; Biological control;
Bacillus thuringiensis; Encapsulation; Formulations; Starch
granules; Adhesion
Abstract: Granule carriers for insect control agents have
been used for many years, especially for control of soil-borne
pests. Granular baits have not been practical for foliar
application because they do not stick well and are susceptible
to removal by wind or rain. A simple and economic technique to
prepare adherent granules has been developed. The granules are
made of starch which, when applied to wet surfaces and allowed
to dry, will adhere even in the presence of additional water.
Granules were formulated by mixing pregelatinized starch with
a water-organic solvent solution. Solvents tested included
methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, 2-propanol, acetone, and 1,4-
dioxane. The resulting mass, after drying, easily crumbled
into particles that could then be sieved to desired particle
sizes. Assays that measured resistance to wash-off
demonstrated that granules made with 2-propanol were retained
on both glass and cotton leaf surfaces, whereas granules made
with water alone washed off easily. Granules made with 2-
propanol and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner showed no loss of
insecticidal activity when compared with granules made with
water alone. A field study testing adult Diabrotica virgifera
virgifera LeConte attraction to traps baited with p-
methoxycinnamaldehyde encapsulated within starch granules
demonstrated a sustained rate of release of the attractant
over a 12-d period. Possible benefits of an adherent
pesticidal bait formulation are discussed.
7 NAL Call. No.: A00033
AGnews: vine weevil targeted; ag fellowship award; more fuel
alcohol. San Francisco, Calif. : Deborah J. Mysiewicz; 1990
Sep15. BioEngineering news v. 11 (38): p. 2, 8; 1990 Sep15.
Language: English
Descriptors: Biological control; Heterorhabditis
bacteriophora; Xenorhabdus; Curculionidae; Postsecondary
education; Usda; Biotechnology; Ethanol production
8 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Air sampling of volatile sex pheromone components in a closed
jar. Shani, A.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Mar.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (3): p. 971-980; 1990 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ephestia cautella; Sex pheromones; Chemical
composition; Volatile compounds; Air; Jars; Insect control;
Biological control
Abstract: A cotton wool plug, used as the source for
pheromone release, was placed in closed 1-quart Mason jars,
either at the mouth or at the rear of the jar. Air sampling of
the two components of the sex pheromone (total 2.2 mg at the
source) of the almond moth (Ephestia cautella) female showed
that the saturation period near the source in still air was
20-22 hr and that far from the source was 40-50 hr, reaching a
level of less than 1 ng/ml air. The ratio between the
components (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, designated D,
and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate designated M, in the air was
close to the original ratio for both sampling sites, albeit
somewhat richer in the more volatile (Z)-9-tetradecenyl
acetate (source 77.0:23.0 D:M, air 73.0-74.3:27.0-25.7; source
80.1:19.9, air 77.6:22.4; source 25.1:74.9, air 23.9:76.1
D:M). The total amount of pheromone per milliliter of air was
two to three times larger near the source than far from it at
the early stages of the evaporation and saturation process.
When the amount of pheromone applied to the source was tripled
(7 mg), the amount far from the source was almost tripled, or
the saturation time was cut by factor of two to three.
9 NAL Call. No.: S544.5.A17W74
Alfalfa seed production and pest management: introduction.
Johansen, C.
S.l. : Cooperative Extension, Washington State University,
etc. :.; 1991 Jun. WREP - Western Region Extension Publication
- Cooperative Extension Service v.): 3 p.; 1991 Jun. In the
series analytic: Alfalfa seed production and pest management.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Seed production; Pollinators;
Apis mellifera; Nomia melanderi; Megachile rotundata;
Integrated pest management
10 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Alginate and cornstarch mycelial formulations of
entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium
anisopliae.
Pereira, R.M.; Roberts, D.W.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Dec.
Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (6): p. 1657-1661; 1991
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi; Mortality;
Biological control; Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium
anisopliae; Formulations; Alginates; Maize starch; Mycelium;
Storage; Solar radiation
Abstract: Dry mycelium of the entomopathogenic fungi
Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana in alginate and
cornstarch formulations was evaluated for survival of the
formulated mycelium, conidial production on mycelium after
exposure to artificial solar radiation, and infectivity to
southern corn rootworm adults, Diabrotica undecimpunctata
howardi Barber. Alginate formulations were prepared with 1%
sodium alginate and calcium chloride. Cornstarch formulations
were prepared with gelatinized cornstarch and moist mycelium
from liquid culture medium. Oil was added to some starch
preparations. Results showed that cornstarch arid cornstarch-
oil formulations produced more conidia per gram of
incorporated mycelium than other preparations. In general,
alginate formulations were less productive than pure mycelium.
Cornstarch and cornstarch-oil formulations were best at
preserving fungi at room temperature (22 degrees C), whereas
all formulations provided similar reservation at 4 degrees C.
Alginate formulations prevented degradation of fungi by
artificial solar radiation, whereas cornstarch-oil was less
effective than pure mycelium preparations. Mortality to D.
undecimpunctata caused by mycelium formulated into alginate
and cornstarch-oil preparations were comparable to that caused
by pure mycelium preparations. A lag time of 3-4 d preceded
disease development on test insects, because of the need for
dry mycelium to produce conidia before initiating infection.
11 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Alginate pellet formulation of a Beauveria bassiana (Fungi:
Hyphomycetes) isolate pathogenic to cereal aphids.
Knudsen, G.R.; Johnson, J.B.; Eschen, D.J.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Dec.
Journal of economic entomology v. 83 (6): p. 2225-2228; 1990
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Cereals; Seedlings; Aphidoidea; Diuraphis
noxia; Schizaphis graminum; Beauveria bassiana; Biological
control agents
Abstract: An isolate of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo)
Vuillemin derived from aphids was grown in liquid media and
formulated in alginate pellets with or without the addition of
wheat bran. Biomass production in Sabouraud's broth + 1% yeast
extract (SBY) was significantly higher than in potato dextrose
broth. After 1 wk in SBY, yields averaged 3,080 pellets per
liter. Pellets without bran weighed an average of 4.6 mg each,
and pellets with bran weighed 9.4 mg each. After 5 mo storage,
the fungus sporulated more profusely from pellets with bran
(2.5 X 10(8) conidia per pellet) than from pellets) without
bran (1.8 X 10(8) conidia per pellet). Sporulating pellets
were placed on wheat seedlings infested with greenbug,
Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) and incubated at high humidity.
After 9-15 d, 3-44% of aphids killed by Beauveria were
observed on wheat where pellets were added versus 0% in
control The potential for use of pelletized B. bassiana for
aphid control is discussed.
12 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
alpha-Tocopherol alteration of soybean antiherbivory to
Trichoplusia ni larvae.
Neupane, F.P.; Norris, D.M.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Oct.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (10): p. 1941-1951; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trichoplusia ni; Feeding behavior; Glycine max;
Pest resistance; Alpha-tocopherol; Insect control; Biological
control
Abstract: The antioxidant vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol, was
tested as a candidate elicitor of alterable antiherbivory in
soybean plants against cabbage looper larvae. Although a
nonspecific antioxidant, vitamin E proved elicitory to the
involved sulfhydryl-dependent receptor-energy transducer
protein in soybean plasma membrane. Effects of alpha-
tocopherol were dependent on dosage, time, and space in the
plant. The observed elicited effects were all decreases in
herbivory. The best negative phytochemical correlate of looper
feeding was the percentage of increased total HPLC peak area
of extractables from elicited as compared to nonelicited
leaves. Some specific compounds, e.g., glyceollins, were
quantitatively major components of the total profile of
secondary metabolites.
13 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Analyzing cotton community communication networks to aid in
the adoption of integrated pest management.
Lame, M.L.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences
v. 2: p. 793-795; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Integrated pest management
14 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as natural control agents of
pests in irrigated maize in Nicaragua.
Perfecto, I.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (1): p. 65-70; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nicaragua; Zea mays; Irrigated conditions; Crop
damage; Dalbulus maidis; Spodoptera frugiperda; Biological
control; Formicidae
Abstract: The effect of the natural ant community as a
possible source of biological control for the fall armyworm,
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), and the corn leafhopper,
Dalbulus maidis (De Long & Wolcott), was examined in irrigated
maize, Zea mays L., in the Pacific plains of Nicaragua. By
means of poison baits, ant-foraging activity was reduced in
plots planted with maize and compared with control plots. Ants
were found to significantly reduce fall armyworm and corn
leafhopper abundance as well as damage by the fall armyworm to
maize plants. The results are discussed in relation to
establishing economic injury levels for the fall armyworm in
irrigated maize and the possibility of incorporating ants as a
component of an integrated pest management program on maize in
Nicaragua.
15 NAL Call. No.: S67.P82
Aphids on cotton.
O'Brien, P.J.; Baldwin, J.L.; Graves, J.B.
Baton Rouge, La.? : The Service; 1991 Sep.
Publication - Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service (2455):
9 p.; 1991 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Gossypium hirsutum; Aphis gossypii;
Aphidoidea; Pest control; Biological control; Neozygites
fresenii; Lysiphlebus testaceipes; Insecticides
16 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Assets of an IPM specialist with particular reference to
Chilo. Odhiambo, T.R.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 571-576;
1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hosts of plant pests; Cultivars; Intercropping;
Pest resistance; Chilo; Integrated pest management;
Neurotoxins; Semiochemicals; Tropics
Abstract: The main thrust of the article is to present the
historical development of the idea of Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) from the heyday of "pestophobia" (the
insistence of elimination of any vestige of insect
interference with the cosmetic appearance of our crops) which
leads to the misuse and abuse of insecticides, to the era of
employing IPM concepts, which leads to pest interventions
which are necessarily knowledge-intensive. Illustrations are
given using ICIPE'S research experience in developing an IPM
approach to the control of Chilo through adaptation of
relevant intercropping patterns, plant resistant cultivars and
biological control agents. In this task, the Ipm specialist
needs to gave three assests to be successful in the tropics:
he needs to be a first-class natural historian; he requires to
new knowledge on the traditional knowledge of the rural
farmer, and to rationalize it scientifically, and he needs to
be able to manipulate new innovations-both technical and
social.
17 NAL Call. No.: 381 J825N
Attacked corn plants call wasps to the rescue.
Borman, S.
Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society; 1992 Sep07.
Chemical and engineering news v. 70 (36): p. 8; 1992 Sep07.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Biological control; Usda; Cotesia
marginiventris; Terpenoids; Lepidoptera
18 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Autodissemination of a baculovirus for management of tobacco
budworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on tobacco.
Jackson, D.M.; Brown, G.C.; Nordin, G.L.; Johnson, D.W.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Jun.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (3): p. 710-719; 1992
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kentucky; North Carolina; Nicotiana tabacum;
Heliothis virescens; Mortality; Biological control; Nuclear
polyhedrosis viruses; Autographa californica
Abstract: An autodissemination technique for control of the
tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), was tested for 2 yr
in tobacco fields in Kentucky and North Carolina. We used
pheromone-baited traps to attract male moths into
contamination stations, where they were forced to crawl
through a powder formulation of a baculovirus, Autographa
californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). After they
were contaminated with AcNPV powder, males escaped back to the
field. When males mated with wild females, they transferred
some of the AcNPV powder to females, which in turn surface-
contaminated their eggs. When larvae chewed through the egg
chorion, some of them ingested enough viral polyhedra to
become lethally infected. Tests of this autodissemination
technique in the field required measurements of contamination
rates of males, eggs, and larvae. Because a reliable method
for sampling adult females of H. virescens is not available,
their contamination rate could not be directly assessed.
Pheromone-baited monitoring traps showed that 0-30% of the
males were marked with a fluorescent marking powder, which was
used in the AcNPV formulation. Examination by scanning
electron microscopy showed that an average of 6.7-7.8% of the
eggs collected from AcNPV-treated fields had polyhedra
clustered on the upper hemisphere near the micropyle. Light
microscope examination showed that an average of 0.7-11.9% of
larvae reared from eggs collected in AcNPV-treated fields died
from the virus. ACNPV-induced larval mortality peaked at
approximately 25% at the Kentucky location in 1989. Although
the autodissemination technique functioned, it was not
economically effective because the AcNPV transmission and
subsequent larval mortality were limited. In part, this may
have been because the dispersal area of Heliothis moths was
large relative to the small experimental plot size and the
short distance between fields, resulting in migration of moths
and dilution of AcNPV-induced mortality.
19 NAL Call. No.: 421 C16
Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and Beauveria bassiana
(Balsamo) Vuillimen for European corn borer control: program
for immediate and season-long suppression.
Lewis, L.C.; Bing, L.A.
Ottawa : Entomological Society of Canada; 1991 Mar.
The Canadian entomologist v. 123 (2): p. 387-393; 1991 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Crop damage; Ostrinia nubilalis;
Biological control; Bacillus thuringiensis; Beauveria
bassiana; Formulations; Granules; Insecticidal action;
Pesticide mixtures
20 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Bacillus thuringiensis: toxicity to tobacco budworms and
synergistic interaction with insecticides.
Plapp, F.W. Jr
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1991.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 2: p. 725-726;
1991. Paper presented at the "Cotton Insect Research and
Control Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Heliothis virescens; Insect
control; Biological control; Bacillus thuringiensis;
Entomopathogenic bacteria; Insecticides
21 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Behavior and performance of Diuraphis noxia (Homoptera:
Aphididae) on fungal endophyte-infected and uninfected
perennial ryegrass.
Clement, S.L.; Lester, D.G.; Wilson, A.D.; Pike, K.S.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Apr.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (2): p. 583-588; 1992
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Lolium perenne; Endophytes;
Acremonium; Biological control agents; Diuraphis noxia; Pest
resistance
Abstract: The behavior and performance of the Russian wheat
aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), on fungal endophyte-
infected and endophyte-free perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne
L., was investigated in the laboratory and field. Aphids did
not select endophyte-free over endophyte-infected leaf sheaths
and stem segments in petri dish preference tests. Similarly,
the probing behavior of D. noxia on endophyte-free and
infected L. perenne did not vary in laboratory tests. However,
compared with aphid counts on endophyte-free plants, counts on
infected plants were significantly lower on the first day and
thereafter in laboratory population growth tests. Numbers of
D. noxia were higher on endophyte-free plants than on infected
plants of L. perenne in replicated field plots. The results
are discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of
resistance involved, our knowledge of the performance of other
cereal aphids on endophyte-infected grasses, and the use of
endophytic fungi as aphid biocontrol agents.
22 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Bioassay of four entomophthoralean fungi (Entomophthorales)
against Diuraphis noxia nd Metopolophium dirhodum (Homoptera:
Aphididae).
Feng, M.G.; Johnson, J.B.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (1): p. 338-345; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diuraphis noxia; Metopolophium dirhodum;
Entomophthorales; Conidiobolus thromboides; Erynia; Biological
control agents
Abstract: A spore shower technique was used to test four
species of aphid-derived entomophthoralean fungi, Pandora
neoaphidis (Remaudiere & Hennebert) Humber, Zoophthora
radicans (Brefeld) Batko, Conidiobolus thromboides Drechsler,
and Conidiobolus coronatus (Constantin) Batko, against the
cereal aphids, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) and Metopolophium
dirhodum (Walker). Six endemic and five foreign isolates of
the four fungal species were tested. There was variability in
virulence among different isolates and species of the fungi
and in susceptibility between the two aphid species. Low
LC50's (i.e., high virulence) were produced with two C.
coronatus isolates (2.2-4.0 spores/mm2), three C. thromboides
isolates (2.3-13.2 spores/mm2), and two P. neoaphidis isolates
(1.4-8.1 spores/mm2. Two Z. radicans isolates exhibited
moderate virulence with LC50's ranging from 25.1 to 46.8
spores/mm2. Two isolates of C. thromboides that had been in
long-term storage displayed relatively low virulence. Aphid
colonies on leaves were more suitable for bioassays than
aphids confined in wire mesh inoculation chambers. The latter
were disadvantageous, because the aphid movement within the
chamber adversely affected the determination of fungal
inoculum exposure rates. These conditions also often induced
the production of resting spores instead of primary conidia.
23 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Bioecological studies on Dentichasmias busseolae Heinrich and
its potential for biological control of Chilo partellus
Swinhoe.
Bahana, J.W.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 765-772;
1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Sorghum; Zea mays; Chilo partellus;
Biological control; Ichneumonidae; Parasites of insect pests
Abstract: Studies were carried out at Mbita Point Field
Station, South Nyanza, western Kenya from 1984 to 1987 to
determine the role of Dentichasmias busseolae Heinrich in the
population dynamics of Chilo partellus Swinhoe and its
potential as a biological control agent against the stem
borer. D. busseolae is a solitary endoparasitoid which
parasitizes and completes its development in the pupa of C.
partellus. The developmental period ranged from 64.5 +/- 9.5
days at 15 degrees C to 12.0 +/- 1.5 days at 30 degrees C for
males, and from 66.7 +/- 9.8 days to 13.1 +/- 2.1 days for
females, respectively. The intrinsic rate of natural increase
of the parasitoid was 0.1375, and the population multiplied
24.21 times in the mean generation time of 28 days. The
functional response was curvilinear. Field parasitism in maize
and sorghum was evident 7 weeks after plant emergence (APE).
Thereafter, parasitism was persistent until crop harvest. The
range of parasitism was 0 to 45.5% (x = 23.3%) on maize and
9.7 to 90% (average = 36.0%) on sorghum respectively. Using
laboratory and field observations, a model for the host
searching process of D. busseolae has been constructed. The
potential of the parasitoid in biological control programmes
of C. partellus is also discussed.
24 NAL Call. No.: 100 AR42F
Biological control of bollworms and budworms.
Steinkraus, D.C.; Kring, T.J.; Young, S.Y.; Yearian, W.C.
Fayetteville, Ark. : The Station; 1992 Jul.
Arkansas farm research - Arkansas Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 41 (4): p. 18-19; 1992 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Gossypium hirsutum; Heliothis
virescens; Helicoverpa zea; Biological control
25 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3)
Biological control of cereal aphids in South America.
Zuniga, E.
Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1991 May.
Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station,
Oklahoma State University (132): p. 257; 1991 May. In the
series analytic: Aphid-Plant Interaction: Populations to
Molecules / edited by D.C. Peters, J.A. Webster, and C.S.
Chlouber. Paper presented at a symposium held August 12-17,
1990, Stillwater, Oklahoma. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South America; Cereals; Metopolophium dirhodum;
Sitobion avenae; Parasitoids; Predators of insect pests;
Biological control agents
26 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Biological control of Chilo spp. in maize, sorghum and millet.
Mohyuddin, A.I.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 721-732.
maps; 1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of
graminaceous crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena
and K.V. Seshu Reddy. Proceedings of the First International
Symposium on the Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989,
Nairobi, Kenya. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Millets; Sorghum; Zea mays; Chilo; Biological
control; Natural enemies; Literature reviews
Abstract: Eight species of the genus Chilo Zincken have been
reported from maize, sorghum and millet. Out of these, four
species C. agamemnon Bleszynksi, C. diffusilineus de Joannis,
C. orichalcociliellus (Strand) and C. partellus (Swinhoe) are
known pests of these crops. Others, C. sacchariphagus (Bojer)
and C. suppressalis (Walker), are serious pests of sugar-cane
and rice and have been occasionally recorded attacking maize,
sorghum and millet. Their distribution is discussed. About 50
species of parasitoids and predators reported from various
Chilo spp. are listed. Possibilities of biological control are
discussed.
27 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Biological control of Chilo spp. in sugar-cane.
David, H.; Easwaramoorthy, S.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 733-748;
1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saccharum officinarum; Chilo; Biological control;
Microorganisms; Parasites of insect pests; Pathogens;
Predators of insect pests; Literature reviews
Abstract: Several species of Chilo occur on sugar-cane, out
of which five have major pest status. Infestation by these
pests causes losses in cane yield and sugar recovery. There
are constraints involved in the use of cultural, mechanical
and chemical control measures on a large scale, but the nature
of the crop facilitates adoption or biological control. Many
species of natural enemies occur in the sugar-cane agro-
ecosystem, which is relatively less disturbed. They play a
significant role in maintaining the pest populations at
reasonably low level. In biological control, the egg parasite,
Trichogramma spp., has been widely used with varying results.
Among the larval parasites, Apanteles flavipes (Cameron) and
Sturmiopsis inferens Townsend have been used on a limited
scale and need further testing in other countries. The exotic
tachinids introduced, failed to establish against Chilo spp.
Not much work has been done on the predators, though the
native predators play a significant role in reducing the pest
densities. Among the entomopathogens, granulosis virus
infecting Chilo infuscatellus Snellen has shown promise in the
control of this pest and needs further evaluation in other
agro-climatic regions. Future thrust for biological control of
Chilo spp., in sugar-cane has also been indicated.
28 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Biological control of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
with Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in
corn used as a trap crop.
Purcell, M.; Johnson, M.W.; Lebeck, L.M.; Hara, A.H.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Dec.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (6): p. 1441-1447; 1992 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hawaii; Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Neoaplectana
carpocapsae; Biological control agents; Trap crops
Abstract: The planting of corn borders as a trap crop for the
melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillet, potentially could
cause increased infestation rates of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)
in adjacent tomatoes. The potential of the entomopathogenic
nematode Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser for control of H. zea
in corn borders was explored in research conducted both in
Oahu and Maui, HI. Field tests were conducted to determine the
concentration response of H. zea to S. carpocapsae in Oahu.
The most effective of the treatments tested were 4,000 and
40,000 nematodes per milliliter of water, causing 57.6 +/- 5.4
and 74.5 +/- 17.4% mortality, respectively, 6 d after
treatment. In corn border trials with tomatoes, treated corn
had 15 times fewer living H. zea larvae and 97% less damage to
corn ears than in untreated corn. There was a mean of 0.03 +/-
0.02 living H. zea larva per ear in the treated corn
throughout the 9-wk treatment period, versus 0.45 +/- 0.06
larvae per ear in the untreated corn. The mean feeding damage
to the corn ears was significantly greater in the untreated
corn, at 3.8 +/- 0.25 cm, than the treated ears, at 0.16 +/-
0.02 cm. During the primary period of H. zea infestation
(tomato harvests 1-4), the marketable yield of tomatoes with
corn borders treated with S. carpocapsae was 18% higher than
the untreated corn border treatments. However, the tomato
plots with no corn borders had consistently higher yields than
those with corn borders throughout the six harvests.
29 NAL Call. No.: 1 AG84PRO
Biological control of the Alfalfa weevil.
Washington, D.C. : The Department; 1991 Dec.
Program aid PA - U.S. Department of Agriculture v.): 11 p.;
1991 Dec.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Medicago sativa; Hypera postica;
Biological control; Life cycle; Microctonus; Parasites
30 NAL Call. No.: SB945.E75D36 1989
Biological control of the European corn borer.
Danon, Vladimir
Zagreb, Simunska, Yugoslavia : Institute for Plant Protection,
Faculty of Agricultural Science, [1989?]; 1989.
15 leaves ; 30 cm. Cover title. Final report. Project: 645.
Language: English
Descriptors: European corn borer; Corn
31 NAL Call. No.: Q320.A4
Biotech boosts seed proteins that halt feeding: a technology
to protect stored grains.
Cutler, K.
Cedar Falls, Iowa : Freiberg Pub; 1991 May.
AgBiotechnology news v. 8 (3): p. 12, 19; 1991 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: Amylases; Genetic engineering; Usda; Grain
stores; Insect pests; Biological control
32 NAL Call. No.: 1.98 AG84
Budworms and bollworms targeted by a virus.
Cooke, L.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1990 Oct.
Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service v. 38 (10): p. 24-25. ill; 1990
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Nicotiana tabacum;
Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis virescens; Biological control
33 NAL Call. No.: S27.A3
Caged versus uncaged releases of Russian wheat aphid natural
enemies in four states in spring, 1991.
Reed, D.K.; Elliott, N.C.; Flanders, R.V.; Hein, G.L.; Karner,
M.A.; Michels, G.J. Jr; Walker, C.B.
S.l. : The Council; 1992.
Great Plains Agricultural Council publication (142): p.
164-169; 1992. Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid
Conference, January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Texas; Colorado; Nebraska; Diuraphis
noxia; Cycloneda; Hippodamia variegata; Aphidius colemani;
Aphidius matricariae; Aphelinus asychis; Predators of insect
pests; Biological control agents
34 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Calendar and monitored insecticide application for the control
of cowpea pests.
Afun, J.V.K.; Jackai, L.E.N.; Hodgson, C.J.
Guildford : Butterworths; 1991 Oct.
Crop protection v. 10 (5): p. 363-370; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Vigna unguiculata; Insect control; Aphis
craccivora; Megalurothrips sjostedti; Maruca testulalis;
Integrated pest management; Monitoring; Population density;
Economic thresholds; Chemical control; Lambda-cyhalothrin;
Dimethoate; Application date; Timing; Decision making; Crop
yield; Grain; Crop damage; Cost benefit analysis
35 NAL Call. No.: 421 EN895
Can polyphagous predators control the bird cherry-oat aphid
(Rhopalosiphum padi) in spring cereals? A simulation study.
Ekbom, B.S.; Wiktelius, S.; Chiverton, P.A.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Dec.
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 65 (3): p. 215-223;
1992 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rhopalosiphum padi; Biological control; Bembidion
lampros; Pterostichus cupreus; Predators of insect pests;
Simulation models
36 NAL Call. No.: SB950.2.I3I4
Can we really make use of beneficial insects in field crops?.
Weinzierl, R.
Urbana, Ill. : Cooperative Extension Service, Univ of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign; 1991.
Illinois Agricultural Pesticides Conference summaries of
presentations January 8, 9, 10, 1991, Urbana, Illinois / Univ
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Coop Ext Serv, in coop with
the Illinois Natural History Survey. p. 81-87; 1991.
"Proceedings of the 1991 Illinois Agricultural Pesticides
Conference," January 8-10, 1991, Urbana, Illinois. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Field crops; Biological control; Beneficial
insects
37 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
CenTari (a new BT strain for beet armyworm control on cotton).
Larson, L.V.; Adir, H.M.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences
v. 1: p. 53-54; 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai; Spodoptera
exigua; Gossypium; Pest control; Biological control agents
38 NAL Call. No.: 448.3 AP5
Characterization of two genes encoding Bacillus thuringiensis
insecticidal crystal proteins toxin to Coleoptera species.
Donovan, W.P.; Rupar, M.J.; Slaney, A.C.; Malvar, T.; Gawron-
Burke, M.C.; Johnson, T.B.
Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1992
Dec. Applied and environmental microbiology v. 58 (12): p.
3921-3927; 1992 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Bacillus thuringiensis; Strains; Genes; Proteins;
Toxicity; Nucleotide sequences; Amino acid sequences;
Coleoptera; Biological control; Entomopathogenic bacteria
Abstract: Bacillus thuringiensis EG2838 and EG4961 are highly
toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae, and only strain EG4961
is toxic to southern corn rootworm larvae. To investigate the
cause of the different insecticidal activities of EG2838 and
EG4961, cryIII-type genes toxic to coleopterans were cloned
from each strain. The cryIIIB gene, cloned as part of an 8.0-
kb EcoRI fragment of EC2838 DNA, encoded a crystal protein
(CryIIIB) of 74,237 Da. The cryIIIB2 gene, cloned as part of
an 8.3-kb PstI-Asp718 fragment of EG4961 DNA, encoded a
crystal protein (CryIIIB2) of 74,393 Da that was 94% identical
to CryIIIB. Analysis of the transcriptional start sites showed
that cryIIIB and cryIIIB2 were initiated from a conserved
region located within 130 nucleotides upstream from the
translation start sites of both genes. Although the CryIIIB
and CryIIIB2 proteins were similar in sequence, they displayed
distinct insecticidal activities: CryIIIB was one-third as
toxic as CryIIIB2 to Colorado potato beetle larvae, and
CryIIIB2, but not CryIIIB, was toxic to southern corn rootworm
larvae. Genes encoding crystal proteins of approximately 32
and 31 kDa were located adjacent to the cryIIIB and cryIIIB2
genes, respectively. The 32- and 31-kDa crystal proteins
failed to enhance the insecticidal activities of CryIIIB and
CryIIIB2.
39 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7N45
Chinese wasp offers first biological control of corn's worst
enemy. Holder, W.
Belmont, N.Y. : Cooperative Extension Association of Allegany
County; 1992 May.
News and views v. 77 (4): p. 4; 1992 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: New York; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis;
Trichogramma ostriniae; Pest control; Integrated pest
management
40 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Chronology of infection of European corn borer (Lepidoptera:
Pyralidae) with the microsporidium Nosema pyrausta: effect of
development and vertical transmission.
Sajap, A.S.; Lewis, L.C.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (1): p. 178-182; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ostrinia nubilalis; Biological control; Body
weight; Fecundity; Larvae; Longevity; Oviposition; Pupae;
Nosema pyrausta; Parasites of insect pests; Vertical
transmission
Abstract: Nosema pyrausta (Paillot) detrimentally affected
the development of its host, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner).
Larvae exposed to the microsporidium during the first two
stadia formed abnormal pupae or emerged as abnormal adults.
Infections of later instars reduced average longevity of
resultant adult females by at least 2 d and fecundity by at
least 50%. Eggs from infected adults were contaminated with
the microsporidium. The prevalence of transovarial-transovum
infections, determined by the presence of spores in eggs or in
emerging larvae, varied with the spore concentrations to which
the parent females were exposed and with the time (within the
oviposition period) that the eggs were laid. Per os infection
of O. nubilalis larvae with N. pyrausta is important in
maintaining this microsporidium in a population of O.
nubilalis as well as reducing the vitality of the population.
41 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Colonization of six exotic parasites (Hymenoptera) against
Diatraea grandiosella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in corn.
Overholt, W.A.; Smith, J.W. Jr
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Dec.
Environmental entomology v. 19 (6): p. 1889-1902; 1990 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Zea mays; Diatraea grandiosella;
Trichogramma; Allorhogas; Macrocentrus; Cotesia flavipes;
Hymenoptera; Pediobius; Parasites of insect pests; Biological
control agents
Abstract: Six exotic parasites, Trichogramma atopovirilia
Oatman & Platner, Allorhogas pyralophagus Marsh, Cotesia
flavipes Cameron, Macrocentrus prolificus Wharton,
Digonogastra kimballi Kirkland, and Pediobius furvus (Gahan),
were colonized in commercial corn fields in the Texas High
Plains against Diatraea grandiosella Dyar from 1985 to 1987.
Colonization sites were monitored to estimate parasitization,
dispersal, and parasite overwintering. D. kimballi, an
external parasite of late instars, dispersed farther than
other species and was the only parasite to demonstrate a
propensity for overwintering. The pupal parasite, P. furvus,
was capable of causing seasonal parasitization as high as
50.0% within 10 m of the colonization locus and showed the
strongest numerical increase. The egg parasite, T.
atopovirilia, caused 33.6% parasitization within 2 m of the
colonization locus but was not recovered at greater distances.
Parasitization by A. pyralophagus, which attacks medium-sized
larvae, never exceeded 3.6% in any year of the study. Seasonal
parasitization of C. flavipes, a parasite of late instars, was
0.0-14.5%, but the potential of this parasite as an effective
natural enemy of D. grandiosella is limited by apparent
encapsulation in the hosts and inability to overwinter. The
polyembryonic larval parasite, M. prolificus, was not
recovered during the 3-yr study. An aggregative response to
host density was not detected for any of the parasites. The
results of this study suggest that D. kimballi may be able to
establish in the Texas High Plains, and that P. furvus may
have potential as a biological control agent in a seasonal
inoculative or inundative approach.
42 NAL Call. No.: QL461.S65
Comparative life table statistics of Diaeretiella rapae and
Aphidius matricariae on the Russion wheat aphid.
Reed, H.C.; Reed, D.K.; Elliott, N.C.
Dalla, Tex. : Southwestern Entomological Society; 1992 Dec.
The Southwestern entomologist v. 17 (4): p. 307-312; 1992 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diuraphis noxia; Diaeretiella rapae; Aphidius
matricariae; Parasitoids; Life history; Biological control
agents
43 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Comparison of efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes combined
with antidesiccants applied by canopy sprays against three
cotton pests (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
Glazer, I.; Klein, M.; Navon, A.; Nakache, Y.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Oct.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (5): p. 1636-1641; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Earias insulana; Helicoverpa armigera;
Spodoptera littoralis; Biological control; Desiccants;
Entomophilic nematodes; Neoaplectana carpocapsae
Abstract: Ways to reduce larval populations of the cotton
pests Earias insulana (Boisduval), Heliothis armigera Hubner,
and Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) by using the
entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (strain
Mexican) were defined. In a screening assay, the survival at
low relative humidities of nematode infective juveniles (IJs)
treated with the antidesiccants Biosys 627 (15 and 20% wt/wt),
Folicote (6% wt/wt), and natural wax (18% wt/wt) were three
times higher than the control (25%). None of the
antidesiccants tested, with the exception of New Film, had any
adverse effect on nematode viability in aqueous solutions.
Application to the foliage of 500 and 1,000 IJs/ml in water
was required to attain > 85% control of E. insulana and S.
littoralis, respectively, on bean plants. Addition of the
antidesiccants Biosys 627 (20% wt/wt), natural wax (18%
wt/wt), or Folicote (6% wt/wt) to the nematode suspension had
a similar effect on insect mortality, with lower nematode
concentrations (125 and 250 IJs/ml for E. insulana and S.
littoralis, respectively). In the case of H. armigera,
nematode suspension at a concentration as high as 5,000/ml
water resulted in only 22% control. Addition of the
antidesiccants resulted in a 4-fold increase (to 85-95%) of
insect mortality. In microplot experiments, foliage
application of S. carpocapsae 'Mexican' (250 IJs/ml) mixed
with Folicote (6% wt/wt) resulted in a 61% reduction in the
persistence of S. littoralis larvae on cotton plants. Damage
to the foliage was reduced by 46% compared with the control.
Substantial reduction (76%) of E. insulana larvae was achieved
by application of 125 IJs/ml mixed with Folicote (6% wt/wt).
44 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 AN72
The complementary effects of plant resistance and reduced
pesticide dosage in field experiments to control the turnip
root fly, Delia floralis, in swedes. Taksdal, G.
Warwick : Association of Applied Biologists; 1992 Feb.
Annals of applied biology v. 120 (1): p. 117-125; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Norway; Brassica napus; Cultivars; Delia
floralis; Delia radicum; Chlorfenvinphos; Dosage; Varietal
resistance; Integrated control; Crop damage; Crop yield
45 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Concepts and achievements of IPM in cotton disease management.
El-Zik, K.M.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1990.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences.
p. 15-19; 1990. Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas,
Nevada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Integrated pest management;
Biological control; Fungicides; Verticillium; Wilts; Fungal
antagonists
46 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Contact and volatile toxicity of insecticides to black cutworm
larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and carabid beetles
(Coleoptera: Carabidae) in soil. Reed, J.P.; Hall, F.R.;
Krueger, H.R.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (1): p. 256-261; 1992
Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Zea mays; Crop damage; Agrotis ipsilon;
Chlorpyrifos; Fonofos; Insecticides; Terbufos; Toxicity;
Biological control agents; Carabidae; Pterostichus chalcites;
Predators of insect pests
Abstract: Field plot studies were conducted for 3 yr in
conventional and no-tillage conditions to assess the contact
and volatile toxicity of four granular soil insecticides--
chlorpyrifos, DPX-43898
(O,O-diethyl-O-1,2,2,2-tetrachloroethyl phosphorothiate),
fonofos, and terbufos--against fourth-instar black cutworm,
Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), and adult carabids. Abnormally,
high precipitation and low soil temperature hindered
acquisition of a lethal dose by A. ipsilon from insecticide
granules. Image analysis indicated that percentage contact
area may contribute to differences in acquisition of soil
insecticides by A. ipsilon larvae and two prevalent, predatory
carabid species, Abascidus permundus L. and Pterostichus
chalcites Say. Organophosphate insecticides active at the
kilogram per hectare level in soil and possessing high vapor
pressures (> 10 mPa) were poor candidates for control of A.
ipsilon and contributed to a reduction in endemic carabid
populations.
47 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Control of cotton insect and mite pests in subtropical Africa:
current status and future needs.
Gahukar, R.T.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1991 Aug.
Insect science and its application v. 12 (4): p. 313-338; 1991
Aug. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Africa; Gossypium hirsutum; Arthropod pests;
Plant pests; Insect control; Mite control; Predatory
arthropods; Predators of insect pests; Natural enemies;
Parasitoids; Pathogens; Pest management; Agricultural
research; Varietal resistance; Biological control; Pesticides;
Insecticide resistance; Environmental impact; Literature
reviews
Abstract: About 70 insects and five mites regularly or
occasionally infest the cotton crop in subtropical Africa. The
economic importance of these pests varies according to the
climate and cropping pattern in the region. Cotton aphid,
Aphis gossypii Glover and yellow tea mite, Polyphagotarsonemus
latus (Banks) as foliage feeders and three bollworms,
Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders, Diparopsis watersi Roths.
and Heliothis armigera Hbn., during boll formation and
development, are major pests. Pesticides have been used
extensively to suppress the pest populations and infestation
levels in the crop. Natural enemies of certain pests occur in
the region, nevertheless, their effectiveness in pest control
is not well-known or fully exploited. Research on yield loss
evaluation, pest ecology, varietal resistance and cultural
practices is underway in several countries. Therefore, a
global pest management in cotton is discussed in the context
of local conditions and perspectives are highlighted.
48 NAL Call. No.: S530.J6
Control of the western spotted cucumber beetle using a
predaceous nematode. Warshaw, A.R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992.
Journal of natural resources and life sciences education v. 21
(1): p. 101-103; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Steinernema; Diabrotica undecimpunctata; Zea
mays; Biological control agents; Integrated pest management;
Nematoda
49 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Conventional and alternative insecticides, including a
granular formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki,
for the control of Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae) in Kenya.
Medvecky, B.A.; Zalom, F.G.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1992 Apr.
Tropical pest management v. 38 (2): p. 186-189; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Sorghum; Zea mays; Crop damage; Busseola
fusca; Biological control; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
kurstaki; Chemical control; Insect control; Ash; Diatomite;
Ddt; Endosulfan; Trichlorfon
50 NAL Call. No.: SB925.B5
Cool-season cover crops in the pecan orchard understory:
effects on Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) and pecan aphids
(Homoptera: Aphididae). Bugg, R.L.; Dutcher, J.D.; McNeill,
P.J.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 Jun.
Biological control v. 1 (1): p. 8-15; 1991 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Carya illinoensis; Orchards; Cover
crops; Vicia villosa; Secale cereale; Population density;
Biological control agents; Natural enemies; Hippodamia
convergens; Coccinellidae; Coccinella septempunctata;
Biological control; Rhopalosiphum padi; Frankliniella;
Acyrthosiphon pisum; Acyrthosiphon kondoi
51 NAL Call. No.: 421 B87
Copidosoma graminis sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a
polyembryonic parasitoid of armyworms (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
in Australia. Noyes, J.S.
London : Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux International; 1989
Sep. Bulletin of entomological research v. 79 (3): p. 367-371;
1989 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Cereals; Gramineae; Pastures; Crop
losses; Mythimna convecta; Noctuidae; Persectania ewingii;
Biological control; Copidosoma; Descriptions; Geographical
distribution; Morphology; New species; Parasites of insect
pests
52 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Corn rootworm feeding on sunflower and other compositae:
influence of floral terpenoid and phenolic factors.
Mullin, C.A.; Alfatafta, A.A.; Harman, J.L.; Serino, A.A.;
Everett, S.L. Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1991.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (449): p.
278-292; 1991. In the series analytic: Naturally occurring
pest bioregulators / edited by P. A. Hedin. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Helianthus annuus; Solidago canadensis; Plant
composition; Antifeedants; Diabrotica virgifera; Terpenoids;
Phenolic compounds; Biological control
53 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Cotton aphids: current status and future trends in management.
Hardee, D.D.; O'Brien, P.J.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1990.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences.
p. 169-171; 1990. Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas,
Nevada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Aphis gossypii; Gossypium hirsutum; Insect pests;
Insect control; Chemical control; Insecticides; Integrated
pest management
54 NAL Call. No.: S67.P82
Cotton insect pest management.
Baldwin, J.L.; Graves, J.B.
Baton Rouge, La.? : The Service; 1990 Mar.
Publication - Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service v.): 6
p.; 1990 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Gossypium hirsutum; Pest management;
Insects; Insecticides; Integrated pest management; Biological
control; Cultural control
55 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 AR4
Cotton pest management.
Johnson, D.R.
Little Rock, Ark. : The Service; 1990 May.
EC - University of Arkansas, Cooperative Extension Service
(561): 53 p.; 1990 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Pest management; Insect
pests; Insect control; Biological control agents; Field tests
56 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Cultural control of Chilo spp. in graminaceous crops.
Seshu Reddy, K.V.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1990.
Insect science and its application v. 11 (4/5): p. 703-712;
1990. Special issue: Tropical stem borers of graminaceous
crops: a new synthesis / edited by K.N. Saxena and K.V. Seshu
Reddy. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
Cereal Stem Borer Chilo, July 25-29, 1989, Nairobi, Kenya.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gramineae; Chilo; Cultural control; Insect
control; Integrated control; Literature reviews
Abstract: Twenty-seven species of Chilo which infest
graminaceous crops are listed. The effects of various cultural
practices such as time of planting, plant density, field
sanitation, tillage, mulching, intercropping, proper
fertilizer and water management on field populations of Chilo
spp. are discussed. These practices have great potential as
components of IPM for resource-limited farmers in the tropics.
57 NAL Call. No.: 420 F662
Deraecoris nebulosus (Heteroptera: Miridae): little known
predator in cotton in the Mississippi Delta.
Snodgrass, G.L.
Winter Haven, Fla. : Florida Entomological Society; 1991 Jun.
Florida entomologist v. 74 (2): p. 340-344; 1991 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Gossypium; Aphis gossypii; Heliothis
virescens; Spodoptera exigua; Biological control; Deraeocoris;
Predators of insect pests; Population density
58 NAL Call. No.: 421 J826
Detection of aphid lethal paralysis virus by
immunofluorescence. Laubscher, J.M.; Von Wechmar, M.B.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 Jul.
Journal of invertebrate pathology v. 58 (1): p. 52-56; 1991
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Africa; Cereals; Aphidoidea; Diuraphis
noxia; Rhopalosiphum padi; Biological control agents; Insect
viruses; Paralysis; Diagnosis; Immunofluorescence
Abstract: Indirect immunofluorescent technique was used to
detect aphid lethal paralysis virus (ALPV) in carefully
dissected aphids. Aphids used in this study were taken from
known infected Rhopalosiphum padi and Diuraphis noxia colonies
and aphids collected from naturally infested small grains.
ALPV-specific antibody was used to bind to the virus in the
tissues, which in turn was detected with a goat anti-rabbit
fluorescein isothionate labeled antibody. Results obtained
indicate that immunofluorescence is a much more sensitive
method than the double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay. It is of importance when testing for low
levels of virus in infected aphid body tissues where
inapparent infection can cause detection problems.
Immunofluorescence is also an inexpensive method to do regular
virus analyses.
59 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Development and reproduction of two populations of Eretmocerus
species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) on Bemisia tabaci
(Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Powell, D.A.; Bellows, T.S. Jr
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Jun.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (3): p. 651-658; 1992 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Hawaii; Cucumis sativus; Gossypium
hirsutum; Bemisia tabaci; Biological control; Eretmocerus;
Fertility; Longevity; Parasites of insect pests; Reproduction
Abstract: A study was conducted to determine preimaginal
developmental rate, adult survival, and fertility of two
populations of Eretmocerus sp. that parasitize Bemisia tabaci
(Gennadius). An arrhenotokous parasitoid population was
collected in Indio, Calif., and a thelytokous parasitoid
population was collected from Oahu, Hawaii. Experiments were
conducted with parasitoids reared on B. tabaci hosts living on
cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ('Delta Pine 61'), or cucumber,
Cucumis sativus L. ('Poinsett 76'), in temperature controlled
cabinets at 20.0 and 29.0 degrees C. Significant differences
in preimaginal developmental periods were found between
populations, temperatures, and plants. Adult longevity was
greatest at lower temperatures. A limited preoviposition
period existed. Fertilities were higher on cucumber and at
29.0 degrees C. The sex ratio of the arrhenotokous population
favored females. The intrinsic rate of natural increase r(m)
for the arrhenotokous population varied from 0.0610 to 0.1149
on cotton and from 0.0856 to 0.1824 on cucumber, at 20.0 and
29.0 degrees C. Values for rm for the thelytokous population
varied from 0.0858 to 0.1608 on cotton and from 0.0980 to
0.2117 on cucumber, at 20.0 and 29.0 degrees C. The results
indicate that biological control of B. tabaci would probably
be better obtained by Eretmocerus sp. population from Hawaii
at higher temperatures.
60 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Development of a biorational mycoinsecticide: Beauveria
bassiana conidial formulation and its application against boll
weevil populations (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).
Wright, J.E.; Chandler, L.D.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Aug.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (4): p. 1130-1135; 1992
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium hirsutum; Anthonomus grandis;
Biological control; Beauveria bassiana; Field tests;
Formulations; Mortality
61 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Diet and the susceptibility of Helicoverpa zea (Noctuidae:
Lepidoptera) to a nuclear polyhedrosis virus.
Forschler, B.T.; Young, S.Y.; Felton, G.W.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Oct.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (5): p. 1220-1223; 1992 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sorghum bicolor; Glycine max; Gossypium hirsutum;
Lycopersicon esculentum; Helicoverpa zea; Nuclear polyhedrosis
viruses; Susceptibility; Biological control agents
62 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Diets, feeding specialization, and predatory role of two lynx
spiders, Oxyopes salticus and Peucetia viridans (Araneae:
Oxyopidae), in a Texas cotton agroecosystem.
Nyffeler, M.; Dean, D.A.; Sterling, W.L.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Dec.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (6): p. 1457-1465; 1992 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Insect pests; Oxyopidae;
Oxyopes salticus; Predators of insect pests; Feeding behavior;
Biological control agents
Abstract: The predation ecology of the striped lynx spider,
Oxyopes salticus Hentz, and green lynx spider, Peucetia
viridans (Hentz), was studied during 108 h of visual
observation in an insecticide-free cotton field in central
Texas. Evidence obtained during this study indicates that lynx
spiders were the dominant arthropod predators (among 134 cases
of arthropod predation observed, 94 were attributable to lynx
spiders). P. viridans is a powerful species (10.08 +/- 0.52 mm
[mean +/- SEM] body length) compared with the significantly
smaller O. salticus (4.24 +/- 0.16 mm). The O. salticus
individuals fed on small-sized prey (2.41 +/- 0.17 mm average
prey length). In contrast, the P. viridans individuals fed
over a broader range of prey size classes and captured a
higher proportion of the larger prey organisms (7.04 +/- 0.73
mm average prey length). However, the smallest P. viridans
(less than or equal to 8 mm spider length) and the largest O.
salticus (greater than or equal to 4.5 mm spider length)
selected prey of similar average length (approximately 3 mm).
The lynx spiders are polyphagous insectivores that feed on a
variety of prey species predominantly in the insect orders
Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera. They also frequently
eat other spiders. The most frequently captured prey of O.
salticus were small Heteroptera (predominantly cotton
fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus [Reuter]), whereas P.
viridans most frequently seized large stinging Hymenoptera
(e.g., honey bee, Apis mellifera L.). The degree of the
feeding specialization of the two spider species was
mathematically assessed (niche breadth coefficients) and
statistically compared; computed coefficients indicate that P.
viridans is a significantly more polyphagous predator than the
smaller-sized O. salticus. O. salticus, therefore, shows a
better fit to the "model predator" of classical biological
control because of its relative specialization.
63 NAL Call. No.: SB950.3.M3J68
Discrimination between parasitized and healthy hosts by
Microplitis rufiventris Kok.
Hegazi, E.M.; Shaaban, M.A.; El-Singaby, N.R.
Kuala Lumpur : The Malaysian Plant Protection Society; 1990
Dec. Journal of plant protection in the tropics v. 7 (3): p.
v, 183-190; 1990 Dec. Malay summary on page v. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Spodoptera littoralis;
Parasites of insect pests; Braconidae; Parasitism; Host
parasite relationships; Discrimination; Oviposition; Larvae;
Physiological age; Biological control agents
64 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Distribution and seasonal abundance of Hessian fly (Diptera:
Cecidomyiidae) parasitoids in Texas.
Schuster, M.F.; Lidell, M.C.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Dec.
Journal of economic entomology v. 83 (6): p. 2269-2273; 1990
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Triticum aestivum; Mayetiola destructor;
Geographical distribution; Incidence; Seasonal abundance;
Biological control; Eupelmus; Hymenoptera; Parasites of insect
pests; Trichomalopsis
Abstract: Parasitism in field populations of the Hessian fly,
Mayetiola destructor (Say), from four different north central
Texas locations was observed during 1986-1988. Three species
of parasitoids attacked the spring generation of the Hessian
fly, whereas the fall generations were rarely parasitized.
Parasitic activity occurred primarily during the month of May.
Parasitism levels ranged from 0 to 87.5% and were affected by
time of year, host density, geographic location, and the
number of years Hessian flies had been present in an area.
Homoporus destructor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was the
most abundant parasitoid in Texas, followed by Eupelmus
allynii (French) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) and Trichomalopsis
subapterus (Forbes) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).
65 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Distribution of parasitism by Macrocentrus grandii
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in maize infested by Ostrinia
nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Onstad, D.W.; Siegel,
J.P.; Maddox, J.V.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (1): p. 156-159; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis;
Macrocentrus grandii; Parasites of insect pests; Dispersal;
Biological control agents
Abstract: Macrocentrus grandii Goidanich is a braconid
parasitoid of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis
(Hubner). Over a 3-yr period, we collected corn borer larvae
from maize fields in Illinois to determine how host density
and other factors influence the distribution of parasitism.
The proportion of parasitized larvae was not density dependent
at the single-stalk and field scales. Parasitism was always
higher in the first generation of the bivoltine population.
Proportion of parasitized larvae was correlated with the
proportion of stalks that had at least one parasitized larva
and with the frequency of infested stalks. These correlations
indicated that searching and oviposition by the female
parasitoid may be random among maize stalks. The apparent
inefficiency of this parasitoid is discussed.
66 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Economic benefits of spider (Araneae) and insect (Hemiptera:
Miridae) predators of cotton fleahoppers.
Sterling, W.L.; Dean, A.; Abd El-Salam, N.M.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (1): p. 52-57; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium; Cost benefit analysis; Crop
losses; Psallus seriatus; Biological control; Araneae;
Hemiptera; Miridae; Predators of insect pests; Simulation
models
Abstract: Spiders constitute some of the most important
predators of the cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus
(Reuter), in cotton fields in East Texas. Simulation studies
showed that spiders were worth three times the value of
insects as predators of the cotton fleahopper. To assess the
economic value of spiders, the TEXCIM40 model was used to
forecast the benefits of spiders and predaceous insects in the
management of cotton fleahoppers. Forecasts of crop losses
attributable to cotton fleahoppers cannot be accurate if the
effects of spiders and other predators are not assessed.
Benefits of generalist predators ranged from $0.86 to
$15.50/0.4047 ha (1 acre) during the 5 yr of data used in
simulations. However, potential benefits of > $60.00/0.4047 ha
may be possible in certain cotton fields.
67 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Economic implication of IPM for cotton diseases.
Lacewell, R.D.; Robinson, J.R.C.; Masud, S.M.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1990.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences.
p. 23-26; 1990. Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas,
Nevada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Integrated pest management;
Fungal diseases; Plant pathogenic fungi; Economic analysis
68 NAL Call. No.: HD101.S6
Economic risk efficiency of boll weevil eradication.
Szmedra, P.I.; McClendon, R.W.; Wetzstein, M.E.
Experiment, Ga. : The Association; 1991 Jul.
Southern journal of agricultural economics - Southern
Agricultural Economics Association v. 23 (1): p. 237-245; 1991
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Anthonomus grandis; Growth
models; Simulation models; Integrated pest management; Risk;
Federal programs; Program participants; Profitability;
Agricultural regions; Deltas; Costs
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the
economic risk efficiency of implementing a boll weevil
(Anthonomus grandis [Boheman]) eradication (BWE) program in
cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) producing regions of the
Mississippi Delta. Alternative producer pest management
practices and program cost sharing were incorporated into a
biophysical cotton simulation model. Participation in aBWE
program along with strict adherence to Cooperative Extension
Service pest management guidelines proved to be the risk
efficient practice.
69 NAL Call. No.: SB950.3.M3J68
Economic thresholds for insecticide application to rice:
profitability and risk analysis to Filipino farmers.
Smith, J.; Litsinger, J.A.; Bandong, J.P.; Lumaban, M.D.; Dela
Cruz, C.G. Kuala Lumpur : The Malaysian Plant Protection
Society; 1989 Apr. Journal of plant protection in the tropics
v. 6 (1): p. 67-87; 1989 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Oryza sativa; Hydrellia philippina;
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis; Insect control; Chemical control;
Loss prevention; Economic thresholds; Insecticides; Gross
margins; Cost benefit analysis; Variable costs; Farm inputs;
Crop yield; Grain; Yield losses; Crop damage; Decision making;
Risk; Labor costs; Integrated pest management; Econometric
models
70 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A2B74
Ecosystem diversification to encourage natural enemies of
cereal aphids. Thomas, M.B.; Wratten, S.D.
Surrey : British Crop Protection Council; 1990.
Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Pests and Diseases v. 2:
p. 691-696; 1990. Meeting held November 19-22, 1990,
Brighton, England. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cereals; Aphididae; Biological control; Natural
enemies; Predators of insect pests; Habitats
71 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Effect of cotton defoliants on leaf abscission, immature
bolls, and lint yields in a short-season production system.
Chu, C.C.; Henneberry, T.J.; Reynoso, T.Y.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (2): p. 268-272; 1992
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Gossypium hirsutum; Defoliants;
Defoliation; Crop yield; Bolls; Lint; Irrigation scheduling;
Application date; Pectinophora gossypiella; Integrated pest
management
72 NAL Call. No.: SB925.B5
Effect of host insect-host plant associations on selected
fitness components of Encarsia formosa (Gahan) (Hymenoptera:
Aphelinidae).
Bethke, J.A.; Nuessly, G.S.; Paine, T.D.; Redak, R.A.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 Aug.
Biological control v. 1 (2): p. 164-169; 1991 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Euphorbia pulcherrima; Nicotiana tabacum; Bemisia
tabaci; Trialeurodes vaporariorum; Biological control agents;
Encarsia formosa; Host parasite relationships; Parasites of
insect pests; Host specificity
73 NAL Call. No.: 421 EN895
The effect of host size on quality attributes of the egg
parasitoid, Trichogramma pretisoum.
Bai, B.; Luck, R.F.; Forster, L.; Stephens, B.; Janssne,
J.A.M. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Jul.
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 64 (1): p. 37-48;
1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ephestia kuehniella; Helicoverpa zea; Manduca
sexta; Plodia interpunctella; Sitotroga cerealella;
Trichoplusia ni; Biological control; Insect control; Ova;
Trichogramma pretiosum; Size
74 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 AN72
The effect of introducing the aphid-pathogenic fungus Erynia
neoaphidis into populations of cereal aphids.
Wilding, N.; Mardell, S.K.; Brobyn, P.J.; Wratten, S.D.;
Lomas, J. Warwick : Association of Applied Biologists; 1990
Dec.
Annals of applied biology v. 117 (3): p. 683-691; 1990 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uk; Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat; Sitobion
avenae; Metopolophium dirhodum; Erynia neoaphidis;
Entomophthora planchoniana; Biological control; Application
date; Infection; Conidia
75 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Effect of oviposition deterrents from elderberry on behavioral
responses by Heliothis virescens to host-plant volatiles in
flight tunnel. Tingle, F.C.; Mitchell, E.R.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Aug.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (8): p. 1621-1631; 1991 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heliothis virescens; Oviposition deterrents;
Plant composition; Extracts; Sambucus; Volatile compounds;
Bioassays; Wind tunnels; Insect control; Biological control
Abstract: In flight-tunnel assays, mated female Heliothis
virescens (F.) moths responded by positive anemotaxis to
volatiles from extracts of two host plants (cotton and
tobacco), but they did not fly to an extract from elderberry
(Sambucus simpsonii Rehd.), a nonhost that contains an
oviposition deterrent for H. virescens. When the elderberry
extract was mixed with extract from either cotton or tobacco,
the flight response by moths to volatiles emanating from the
extract blends was reduced significantly at most doses when
compared to the positive response to extracts from either host
alone. The number of landings (including brief contacts) and
landings that resulted in oviposition on the substrates
treated with extract blends also were reduced significantly in
most tests.
76 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Effect of Steinernematid and Heterorhabditid nematodes
(Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Herterorhabditidae) on
nontarget arthropods. Georgis, R.; Kaya, H.K.; Gaugler, R.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Jun.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (3): p. 815-822; 1991 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Insect pests; Steinernema; Heterorhabditis
bacteriophora; Entomophilic nematodes; Biological control
agents; Nontarget effects; Nontarget organisms
Abstract: The effect of entomopathogenic nematodes on
nontarget arthropods in the laboratory, field soils, and a
stream were assessed. In the laboratory, adult predators were
less susceptible to the nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae
(Weiser) (Rhabditida: Steiner-nematidae) and Heterorhabditis
bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) than the
immature stages. In field tests, entomopathogenic nematodes
that had significantly suppressed pest populations (Popillia
japonica Newman, japanese beetle, Scapteriscus vicinus
Scudder, tawny mole cricket, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.), black
vine weevil, Delia radicum (L.), cabbage maggot, and
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, western corn rootworm)
did not adversely affect the numbers of nontarget soil
arthropods in comparison with the untreated control. In
contrast, broad-spectrum chemical insecticides (isofenphos,
ethoprop, or chlorpyrifos used as chemical checks)
significantly reduced or showed a tendency to reduce nontarget
arthropod populations. In a stream trial, S. carpocapsae
significantly reduced black fly larval populations, but the
nontarget insects often increased in the treatment sites.
Decreases in nontarget populations were matched by
approximately equal or greater reductions in the upstream
controls. We conclude that entomopathogenic nematodes do not
adversely affect nontarget arthropods when used for short-term
control of insect pests.
77 NAL Call. No.: 421 J829
The effect of Teretriosoma nigrescens Lewis (Coleoptera:
Histeridae) on three species of storage Bostrichidae infesting
shelled maize.
Rees, D.P.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1991 Jan.
Journal of stored products research v. 27 (1): p. 83-86; 1991
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maize; Grain stores; Dinoderus minutus;
Prostephanus truncatus; Rhyzopertha dominica; Population
decrease; Biological control; Teretriosoma nigrescens;
Predators of insect pests
Abstract: Teretriosoma nigrescens Lewis (Coleoptera:
Histeridae) is known as a predator of Prostephanus truncatus
(Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Mexico and Central
America, but not Africa. Over 8 weeks at 27 degrees C, 70%
r.h., the yield of adults from cultures on maize initiated
with 40 mixed-aged adult P. truncatus, Dinoderus minutus
(Fab.) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fab.) (Coleoptera:
Bostrichidae) was reduced by 83, 91 and 36% respectively when
cultures were started with an additional five adult T.
nigrescens. Weight loss to maize caused by the bostrichids was
also reduced by 59, 65 and 28% respectively. The potential of
the use of alternative prey species for the production of T.
nigrescens prior to its possible use as a bio-control agent
for control of P. truncatus in Africa is discussed.
78 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Effect on Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
when rearing host fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on
meridic diet containing foliage from resistant or susceptible
corn genotypes.
Riggin, T.M.; Isenhour, D.J.; Espelie, K.E.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (1): p. 214-219; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Zea mays; Genotypes; Pest resistance;
Susceptibility; Spodoptera frugiperda; Biological control;
Cotesia marginiventris; Diet; Larvae; Longevity; Parasites of
insect pests; Rearing techniques; Sex ratio
Abstract: Larval weights for fall armyworm, Spodoptera
frugiperda (J.E. Smith), were not significantly affected at
two constant temperature regimes (24 and 27 degrees C) when
larvae parasitized by Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) were
reared on resistant versus susceptible corn genotypes. Results
indicated that the third trophic level was not adversely
affected by fall armyworm feeding on pinto bean diet
containing resistant versus susceptible corn genotypes.
Developmental times for C. marginiventris were shorter when
the parasitoids were maintained at the higher temperature.
Time from egg to cocoon formation at 24 degrees C was
significantly less when hosts were fed diet containing foliage
from the susceptible genotype 'Cacahuacintle X'. Parasitoid
longevity was increased at the higher temperature regime and
was not affected by the corn genotype.
79 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Effects of below-ground predator-weed interactions on damage
to peanut by southern corn rootworm (Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae).
Brust, G.E.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Dec.
Environmental entomology v. 19 (6): p. 1837-1844; 1990 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Arachis hypogaea; Diabrotica
undecimpunctata howardi; Weeds; Tyrophagus putrescentiae;
Predators of insect pests; Biological control agents
Abstract: The below-ground effects of weeds (Amaranthus
retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia
L., Digitaria sanguinalis L., Setaria viridis L., Panicum
dichotomiflorum Michx.) and increased soil moisture on damage
to peanut pods by southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica
undecimpunctata howardi Barber, was investigated in a 2-yr
field and greenhouse study. Field experiments demonstrated
that weedy areas had less pod damage overall and higher
predator numbers than nonweedy areas. However, increased soil
moisture, which increased southern corn rootworm oviposition
and egg and larval survival, confounded the results.
Greenhouse studies showed that three broadleaf species and
three grass species were not as good food sources as peanuts
for southern corn rootworm larvae. Although the presence of
weeds growing with peanuts did not lower larval survival,
weeds did significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) slow
larval developmental rate. In greenhouse studies, damage to
peanut pods was approximately 66% in peanut-only (control)
treatments, 55% in peanut + weed treatments, 32% in peanut
predator treatments, and 9% in peanut + weed + predator
treatments. The interaction of predators and weeds in lowering
the amount of damage caused by southern corn rootworm was
significant (P less than or equal to 0.05). Field and
greenhouse experiments demonstrated that at least two factors
were operating to reduce pest damage in this below-ground,
multispecies plant association. Predators and the structural
complexity of the weed-crop root association may be working
synergistically to reduce southern corn rootworm damage to
peanuts.
80 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Effects of cotton plant allelochemicals and nutrients on
behavior and development of tobacco budworm.
Hedin, P.A.; Parrott, W.L.; Jenkins, J.N.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Jun.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (6): p. 1107-1121; 1991 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Pest resistance; Heliothis
virescens; Allelochemicals; Terpenoids; Gossypol;
Interactions; Amino acids; Insect control; Biological control
Abstract: Female moths of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis
virescens (F.), oviposit in the terminals of the cotton plant,
Gossypium hirsutum (L.). The hatched larvae migrate to the
terminal area and then to small squares (buds), on which they
feed, finally burrowing into the anthers where they grow and
develop. They attempt to avoid gossypol glands as they feed.
Chemically related evidence explains, in part, these
observations. The calyx crown of resistant lines (which is
avoided) is high in the terpenoid aldehydes (TAs) including
gossypol. HPLC data showed that the gossypol content of both
susceptible and resistant glanded lines is equal, while the
hemigossypolone and heliocides H1 and H2 are greatly increased
in resistant lines and presumably are more closely associated
with resistance. Analysis for total amino acids in cotton
square tissues showed that there was a gradation from the
calyx and calyx crown, which were lowest, to the anthers, the
site of final insect development, which were highest.
Synthetic diets mimicking amino acid distribution in anthers
were found to be successful for larval growth and development.
81 NAL Call. No.: QL461.G4
Effects of inherited sterility and insect resistant dentcorn
silks on Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) development.
Carpenter, J.E.; Wiseman, B.R.
Griffin, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society; 1992 Oct.
Journal of entomological science v. 27 (4): p. 413-420; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Sterile insect
release; Gamma radiation; Pest resistance; Integrated pest
management
82 NAL Call. No.: 421 C16
Effects of photoperiod and temperature on diapause of two
Aphelinus spp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing the
Russian wheat aphid. Yu, D.S.
Ottawa : Entomological Society of Canada; 1992 Sep.
The Canadian entomologist v. 124 (5): p. 853-860; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Kazakh ssr; Diuraphis noxia; Aphelinus;
Biological control agents; Diapause; Parasites of insect
pests; Survival; Temperature
83 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Effects of strip intercropping and no-tillage on some pest and
beneficial invertebrates of corn in Ohio.
Tonhasca, A. Jr; Stinner, B.R.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (5): p. 1251-1258; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Zea mays; Agrotis ipsilon; Mythimna
unipuncta; Slugs; Diabrotica virgifera; Ostrinia nubilalis;
Intercropping; No-tillage; Predators of insect pests;
Biological control agents
Abstract: We tested two agronomic practices that are likely
to increase plant and structural diversity, no-tillage and
strip intercropping, for effects on corn invertebrate fauna.
Some of the most common herbivores and natural enemies were
sampled by direct counts and damage estimation from 1988
through 1990 on monoculture corn and strips of corn alternated
with soybean, under no-tillage and conventional tillage. Among
soil pests, cut-worms (mostly the black cutworm, Agrotis
ipsilon (Hufnagel)); armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta
(Haworth); and slugs (Gastropoda) were more abundant in no-
tillage plots, although only slugs caused severe damage. The
western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte,
and the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubitalis (Hubner), were
generally more abundant in conventional tillage plots. Despite
crop rotation, the strip-intercropping system (four rows of
each crop) was less effective in reducing western corn
rootworm infestation, especially in conventional tillage
plots. In 1990 only, ladybugs (mostly Coleomegilla maculata
(DeGeer)) were more abundant in conventional tillage plots,
whereas tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de
Beauvois), were more abundant in no-tillage plots. Japanese
beetle, Popillia japonica Newman; stink bugs, Acrosternum
hilare (Say) and Euschistus serous (Say); and spiders (Aranea)
were not significantly affected by treatments.
84 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Effects of two prey species on the development of Hippodamia
sinuata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) larvae at constant
temperatures. Michels, G.J. Jr; Behle, R.W.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct.
Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (5): p. 1480-1484; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Hippodamia; Larvae; Biological control
agents; Laboratory rearing; Predators of insect pests;
Rhopalosiphum maidis; Schizaphis graminum; Temperature
Abstract: The effects of prey species and constant
temperature regimes on the development of Hippodamia sinuata
Mulsant were studied. H. sinuata completed larval development
faster on corn leaf aphids, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), than
on greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), at low
temperatures, but no significant differences were evident at
temperatures > 20 degrees C. H. sinuata began development at a
lower threshold temperature (7.05 degrees C), and required
more degree-days (338.63) for development when corn leaf
aphids were the prey rather than greenbugs (12.90 degrees C,
259.54). At 25 and 30 degrees C, H. sinuata larvae consumed
significantly more corn leaf aphids than greenbugs (both per
day and total consumption), whereas significantly more
greenbugs were consumed at 20 and 35 degrees C. The results of
the studies confirm the importance of corn leaf aphids as an
early-season, cool-temperature prey for H. sinuata.
85 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Effects of uncultivated corridors on arthropod abundances and
crop yields in soybean agroecosystems.
Rodenhouse, N.L.; Barrett, G.W.; Zimmerman, D.M.; Kemp, J.C.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 Feb.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 38 (3): p. 179-191;
1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Glycine max; Corridor systems; Monoculture;
Crop yield; Arthropod pests; Predatory arthropods; Population
density; Uncultivated ground; Integrated pest management;
Alternative farming
86 NAL Call. No.: QL461.S65
Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin to control
overwintering boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman.
Frank, W.A.; Slosser, J.E.
College Station, Tex. : Southwestern Entomological Society;
1990 Mar. The Southwestern entomologist v. 15 (1): p. 77-78;
1990 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Anthonomus grandis; Beauveria
bassiana; Biological control agents
87 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Enantiomeric synthesis of dominicalure, aggregation pheromone
of lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.).
Liu, L.Y.; Lin, G.Q.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Jun.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (6): p. 1921-1925; 1990 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rhyzopertha dominica; Aggregation pheromones;
Enantiomers; Synthesis; Insect control; Biological control
Abstract: (S)-(+)-1-Methylbutyl (E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoate, 1,
and (S)-(+)-I-methylbutyl (E)-2,4-dimethyl-2-pentenoate, 2,
the aggregation pheromone for lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha
dominica (F), were synthesized from crotylaldehyde in an
overall yield of 30%. The chiral intermediate was prepared in
90% enantiomer excess, employing the Sharpless asymmetric
epoxidation.
88 NAL Call. No.: 421 P193
Entomopathogenic fungi (Zygomycotina: Entomophthorales)
infecting cereals aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Montana.
Feng, M.G.; Nowierski, R.M.; Scharen, A.L.; Sands, D.C.
San Francisco, Calif. : Pacific Coast Entomological Society;
1991 Jan. The Pan-Pacific entomologist v. 67 (1): p. 55-64;
1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Cereals; Aphididae; Biological control;
Entomogenous fungi; Entomophthorales; Irrigated conditions;
Dry conditions
89 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Entomopathogenicity of several fungi toward the English grain
Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and enhancement of virulence with
host passage of Paecilomyces farinosus.
Hayden, T.P.; Bidochka, M.J.; Khachatourians, G.G.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (1): p. 58-64; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Grain crops; Sitobion avenae;
Biological control; Entomogenous fungi; Beauveria bassiana;
Beauveria brongniartii; Conidiobolus obscurus; Erynia
neoaphidis; Paecilomyces farinosus; Verticillium lecanii;
Virulence
Abstract: Virulence of the entomopathogenic fungus
Paecilomyces farinosus was tested against the English grain
aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.), before and after selective
subculturing of the fungus. When the stock culture of P.
farinosus was tested against S. avenae, an LT50 of 11.1 d was
observed. P. farinosus was subcultured by two methods. In the
first method, P. farinosus was subjected to repeated passages
through the host. In the second method, the fungus was
repeatedly subcultured on an agar medium that contained
sterilized S. avenae cuticle as the only nutrient source. In
both cases, after three selective subcultures of P. farinosus,
a decrease in the LT50 to approximately 5.0 d was observed. To
our knowledge, the effect of serial in-vitro passage of an
entomopathogenic fungus on cuticle of the host insect and the
associated LT50 has not been previously studied. Repeated
subculturing of the more virulent strain of P. farinosus on
nonselective media did not result in an increase in LT50. Five
other entomopathogenic fungi were assayed for their virulence
towards S. avenae. These fungi were Verticillium lecanii
(Zimmerman) Viegas, Erynia heoaphidis Remaudiere & Keller,
Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin, Beauveria brongniartii
(Saccardo) Petch, and Conidiobolus obscurus (Hall & Dunn)
Remaudiere & Keller. V. lecanii showed the greatest virulence,
with an LT50 of 2.4 d. E. neoaphidis had an LT50 of 8.0 d,
whereas treatment with B. bassiana resulted in an LT50 of 9.5
d. B. brongniartii had the lowest virulence of the strains
tested against S. avenae with an LT50 of 11.7 d.
90 NAL Call. No.: 464.8 AN72
Epidemiology of barley yellow dwarf: a study in ecological
complexity. Irwin, M.E.; Thresh, J.M.
Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc; 1990.
Annual review of phytopathology v. 28: p. 393-424; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hordeum vulgare; Barley yellow dwarf luteovirus;
Disease transmission; Epidemiology; Disease vectors;
Aphididae; Phenology; Plant ecology; Integrated pest
management
91 NAL Call. No.: 421 C16
Eudorylas (Metadorylas) sp. (Diptera: Pipunculidae): a
previously unreported parasitoid of Dalbulus maidis (Delong
and Wolcott) and Dalbulus elimatus (Ball) (Homoptera:
Cicadellidae).
Vega, F.E.; Barbosa, P.; Panduro, A.P.
Ottawa : Entomological Society of Canada; 1991 Jan.
The Canadian entomologist v. 123 (1): p. 241-242. ill; 1991
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mexico; Zea mays; Dalbulus elimatus; Dalbulus
maidis; Disease vectors; Maize rayado fino marafivirus;
Mycoplasma-like organisms; Spiroplasma kunkelii; Biological
control; Diptera; Parasites of insect pests
92 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
European corn borer sex pheromone: inhibition and elicitation
of behavioral response by analogs.
Schwarz, M.; Klun, J.A.; Uebel, E.C.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 May.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (5): p. 1591-1604; 1990 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ostrinia nubilalis; Sex pheromones; Analogs;
Animal behavior; Inhibition; Structure activity relationships;
Insect control; Biological control
Abstract: The male sexual behavior-stimulating and inhibiting
properties of a series of analogs of the European corn borer
sex pheromone were determined in a flight tunnel. The
structural requirements for inhibition of pheromonal response
were far less restrictive than those for elicitation of that
response. Analogs that by themselves elicited upwind flight
response from males at a low dose were generally less
inhibitory to male response than many of the analogs that had
no pheromonal activity. These findings suggest that many
pheromone analogs bind to pheromone receptors without
provoking behavioral response and possibly undergo slower
degradation on the antenna than pheromonally active compounds.
The disparity of response to analogs by two pheromonal types
of the European corn borer indicates that the pheromone
receptor and pheromone catabolic systems are biochemically
very different in the two types.
93 NAL Call. No.: S27.A3
Evaluating Russian wheat aphid parasitoids for establishment
potential in the Great Plains.
Elliott, N.C.; Reed, D.K.; Nechols, J.R.; Kieckhefer, R.W.;
Kindler, S.D.; Flanders, R.V.; French, B.W.; Arnold, D.C.
S.l. : The Council; 1992.
Great Plains Agricultural Council publication (142): p.
160-163; 1992. Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid
Conference, January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Dakota; Kansas; Oklahoma; Diuraphis noxia;
Diaeretiella rapae; Aphidius matricariae; Parasitoids;
Biological control agents
94 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Evaluation of a pest advisory for corn earworm (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae) infestations in soybean.
Herbert, D.A.; Zehnder, G.W.; Day, E.R.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (2): p. 515-519; 1991
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Virginia; Glycine max; Infestation; Helicoverpa
zea; Integrated pest management; Light traps; Pheromone traps;
Advisory centers
Abstract: Larval surveys of second-generation corn earworm,
Heliothis zea (Boddie), taken in field corn in mid-July from
1976 to 1989 were used in a pest advisory program to predict
potential for later infestations in Virginia soybeans.
Estimates of statewide soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill,
acreage treated for corn earworm were used to evaluate survey
predictions. Blacklight-trap and pheromone-trap moth catches
from 1983 to 1989 were plotted to study trends in moth
activity around soybean fields and to evaluate their use in
the pest advisory. Total soybean acreage treated for corn
earworm increased linearly with an increase in percent corn
ears infested with corn earworm. Generally, <20% corn
infestation resulted in <10% soybean acreage tested; a 20-35%
infestation resulted in 28-35% acreage treated; and >35%
infestation resulted in approximately 50% or more acreage
treated. Corn earworm moth activity around soybean fields
increased in late July to early August, peaked one time each
season from 15 to 24 August, and ceased by mid-to late
September. Pheromone traps provided timely detection of moths
in individual fields; however, blacklight-trap catch was a
better area-wide indicator of corn earworm infestation
severity in soybeans.
95 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Evaluation of Catolaccus grandis (Burks) as a biological
control agent against the cotton boll weevil.
Morales-Ramos, J.A.; King, E.G.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1991.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 2: p. 724; 1991.
Paper presented at the "Cotton Insect Research and Control
Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Anthonomus grandis; Insect
control; Biological control; Catolaccus; Entomogenous fungi
96 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Evaluation of starch encapsulation for formulation of
grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) entomopoxviruses.
McGuire, M.R.; Streett, D.A.; Shasha, B.S.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Dec.
Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (6): p. 1652-1656; 1991
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Melanoplus sanguinipes; Orthoptera; Mortality;
Biological control; Entomopoxvirus; Encapsulation;
Formulations; Starch; Storage; Viability; Adjuvants; Carbaryl;
Insect control
Abstract: An entomopoxvirus isolated from Melanoplus
sanguinipes (F.) and currently under consideration as a
microbial control agent for rangeland grasshoppers was
formulated in starch matrices containing various adjuvants and
fed to M. sanguinipes nymphs. Percent mortality 21 d after
exposure to granules containing molasses (a feeding stimulant)
and carbon (an ultraviolet [UV] light screen) was 80%, whereas
a formulation containing Congo red produced only 35%
mortality. Although control mortality averaged 31%, percent
infection of surviving control grasshoppers was only 1.5%.
Percent infection of surviving grasshoppers fed starch-
encapsulated virus containing molasses and carbon was 89.7%,
whereas only 30% of the survivors were infected following
exposure to granules with Congo red. A field test in which
starch granules laced with carbaryl were applied to small
rangeland plots demonstrated that grasshoppers located and fed
upon the granules as readily as the commercial standard wheat
bran bait. Survival of virus and acceptance of the starch bait
by grasshoppers suggest that this versatile formulation
technique should play a major part in the development of
grasshopper microbial control products.
97 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Evaluation of two management strategies for stalk borer,
Papaipema nebris, in corn.
Davis, P.M.; Pedigo, L.P.
Guildford : Butterworths; 1990 Oct.
Crop protection v. 9 (5): p. 387-391; 1990 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Papaipema nebris; Stem borers; Larvae;
Growth models; Heat sums; Emergence; Prediction; Timing;
Permethrin; Insect control; Chemical control; Integrated pest
management; Decision making
98 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Experiments using a simulation model of the Banks grass mite
(Acari: Tetranychidae) and the predatory mite Neoseiulus
fallacis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in a corn microenvironment.
Berry, J.S.; Holtzer, T.O.; Norman, J.M.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Aug.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (4): p. 1074-1078; 1991 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Oligonychus pratensis; Neoseiulus
fallacis; Predatory mites; Simulation models; Biological
control agents
Abstract: The simulation model (MiteSim) of the mite
predator-prey system consisting of Banks grass mite,
Oligonychus pratensis (Banks), and the predatory mite
Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) was used to evaluate mite
population dynamics in Nebraska corn fields in relation to
microenvironmental variables. Simulation results demonstrated
the importance of using humidity and temperature conditions at
the leaf surface instead of weather station conditions to
simulate the mite system on corn in Nebraska. Also, humidity
(in addition to temperature) was determined to be critically
important in the population dynamics of the two mites. The
temperature and humidity at the leaf surface of moderately
drought-stressed corn (compared with well-watered corn)
resulted in higher simulated populations of Banks grass mite.
Simulation studies also showed that colonization of a corn
field by less than one adult female Banks grass mite per plant
in june can result in mite densities sufficient to cause crop
loss by August (Banks grass mite biotic potential without
extrinsic mortality).
99 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
An expert system for management of Delia coarctata (Diptera:
Anthomyiidae) in the United Kingdom.
Jones, T.H.; Young, J.E.B.; Norton, G.A.; Mumford, J.D.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Oct.
Journal of economic entomology v. 83 (5): p. 2065-2072; 1990
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uk; Triticum; Winter wheat; Delia coarctata;
Chemical control; Cultural control; Expert systems;
Insecticides; Integrated pest management; Oviposition; Safety
at work
Abstract: A computer-based expert system (BULBFLY) has
beendeveloped for the management of wheat bulb fly, Delia
coarctata (Fallen), in theUnited Kingdom. The logical
structure of the decision problem is described, together with
factsand rules necessary for the estimation of egg numbers,
crop susceptibility, and control effectiveness. With this
knowledge and with various levels of information supplied by
theuser of BULBFLY, the expert system provides recommendations
on strategic and tacticaloptions for management of wheat bulb
fly. BULBFLY gives comparative costs of the various treatments
recommended, ecological and biological information on the
pest, details ofcultural control practices, and general advice
on the safe use of insecticides. Like otherknowledge-based
systems in pest management, BULBFLY offers support for
practical problem solving, identification of research needs,
information provision and processing, and training.
100 NAL Call. No.: 381 J8223
Feeding and toxic effects of floral sesquiterpene lactones,
diterpenes, and phenolics from sunflower (Helianthus annuus
L.) on western corn rootworm. Mullin, C.A.; Alfatafa, A.A.;
Harman, J.L.; Everett, S.L.; Serino, A.A. Washington, D.C. :
American Chemical Society; 1991 Dec.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry v. 39 (12): p.
2293-2299; 1991 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diabrotica virgifera; Antifeedants; Helianthus
annuus; Plant composition; Phenolic compounds; Sesquiterpenoid
lactones; Toxicity; Insect control; Biological control
Abstract: Feeding deterrents for adult western corn rootworm,
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae), some of which were neurotoxic, were isolated
from inflorescences of cultivated sunflower by chromatography
of ethyl acetate solubles on Toyopearl TSK HW-40F and silica
gel. Antifeedants, as measured through a consumption bioassay
with treated squash flower disks containing cucurbitacin
feeding stimulants for rootworm, were characterized by UV,1H
and 13C NMR, and EIMS. Fractionation by these methods gave 15
active principles of which argophyllin A and 3-O-
methylniveusin A, both sesquiterpene lactone angelates, were
the most potent. Feeding deterrency decreased in the order
sesquiterpenes >> diterpenes > flavonoids > dicaffeoylquinic
acids. The diterpenoic acid grandifloric acid and its 15-
angelate and the flavonoids nevadensin and quercetin beta-7-O-
glucoside were much poorer antifeedants, although more
abundant components of sunflower. Synergistic or antagonistic
interactions for combinations of deterrents within or between
the sesquiterpene, diterpene, and flavonoid classes were not
found, indicating sunflower antifeedants act jointly in an
additive fashion. The highly active antifeedant germacranolide
angelates exhibit structural features and injected symptoms in
adult rootworm similar to picrotoxinin, a gamma-aminobutyric
acid gated chloride channel antagonist, suggesting a link
between sesquiterpene neurotoxicity and GABA.
101 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Feeding responses of adult Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera:
Coccinellidae) to eggs of Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae) and green peach aphids (Homoptra: Aphididae).
Hazzard, R.V.; Ferro, D.N.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (2): p. 644-651; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Leptinotarsa decemlineata;
Myzus persicae; Coleomegilla maculata; Predators of insect
pests; Ova; Feeding behavior; Biological control agents
Abstract: Feeding responses that influence the effectiveness
of a polyphagous endemic coccinellid, Coleomegilla maculata
(DeGeer), for biological control of Colorado potato beetle,
Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), in potato were examined in
the laboratory. Consumption rate, functional response, prey
preference, and the effect of alternate prey were studied for
C. maculata adult females feeding upon eggs of Colorado potato
beetle; Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and corn pollen were alternate
food sources. C. maculata females continuously supplied with
eggs attacked an average of 20.8 eggs per 48 h, and
introduction of M. persicae significantly reduced but did not
eliminate egg feeding. Females starved for 24 h showed a Type
II functional response to egg density when offered 10-70 eggs
per 24 h in small cages at 26 +/- 2 degrees C. Data fit well
to the Holling disk equation, which predicted maximum egg
consumption of 31.5 eggs per 24 h. The functional response
curve showed suppression of egg feeding at high egg densities
when aphids were present as alternate prey, but no effect was
evident at low egg densities. There was no change in
functional response with corn pollen as the alternate food.
When Colorado potato beetle eggs and aphids were available in
equal numbers, females did not prefer either prey at low prey
densities, but they preferred aphids over eggs at high
densities. Eggs were an adequate (but not optimal) diet for
larval development and adult oviposition relative to M.
persicae or corn pollen. Some implications for ecology and
effectiveness of C. maculata for control of Colorado potato
beetle in potato are discussed.
102 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Field evaluation of granular starch formulations of Bacillus
thuringiensis against Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera:
Pyralidae).
McGuire, M.R.; Shasha, B.S.; Lewis, L.C.; Bartelt, R.J.;
Kinney, K. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America;
1990 Dec. Journal of economic entomology v. 83 (6): p.
2207-2210; 1990 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Zea mays; Ostrinia nubilalis; Larvae;
Tunnels; Bacillus thuringiensis; Biological control agents;
Encapsulation; Formulations; Phagostimulants; Starch
Abstract: Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Berliner was
encapsulated within cornstarch granules with the feeding
stimulant Coax or the UV screen Congo red and tested at two
field sites against European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis
(Hubner), feeding in whorl-stage corn. These tests were done
to determine the relative effect of these additives on
efficacy of starch-encapsulated B. thuringiensis. At both
sites, all treatments with B. thuringiensis significantly
reduced tunneling by O. nubilalis. At one site, significant
effects of addition of the phagostimulant were observed. When
Coax was added at 1 or 10% of starch dry weight with 400
international units (IU) B. thuringiensis per mg dry granule
weight, response of O. nubilalis was equivalent to that
obtained with granules containing no feeding stimulant and
1,600 IU/mg. Also, granules with Coax and 400 IU/mg gave a
response similar to that obtained from the commercial product
Dipel 10G formulated at 1,600 IU/mg. At the other site, the
effect of phagostimulant was not significant, primarily
because O. nubilalis infestation levels were too low for
precise discrimination among treatments.
103 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Field evaluation of Naturalis against the boll weevil: a
biorational mycoinsecticide.
Wright, J.E.; Chandler, L.D.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1991.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 2: p. 677-679;
1991. Paper presented at the "Cotton Insect Research and
Control Conference," 1991, San Antonio, Texas. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Anthonomus grandis; Insect
pests; Beauveria bassiana; Biological control
104 NAL Call. No.: QL461.G4
Field evaluation of Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida:
Steinernematidae) against black cutworm (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae) larvae in field corn. Levine, E.; Oloumi-Sadeghi,
H.
Griffin, Ga. : Georgia Entomological Society; 1992 Oct.
Journal of entomological science v. 27 (4): p. 427-435; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Zea mays; Agrotis ipsilon; Neoaplectana
carpocapsae; Entomophilic nematodes; Biological control agents
105 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Field manipulation of Nomuraea riley (Moniliales:
Moniliaceae): effects on soybean defoliators in coastal
Ecuador.
Stansly, P.A.; Orellana M, G.J.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Dec.
Journal of economic entomology v. 83 (6): p. 2193-2195; 1990
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ecuador; Glycine max; Defoliation; Insect pests;
Biological control; Field experimentation; Nomuraea rileyi;
Coastal areas
Abstract: Attempts to influence the prevalence of the
entomophathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson in
populations of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia
gemmatalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and the soybean
looper, Pseudoplusta includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae), were made in two field experiments with soybean
(Glycine max L.) on Ecuador's humid coastal plain. Larval
numbers and mortality were compared in large replicated plots
sprayed with either conidia or the fungicides benomyl and
chlorothalonil, and in untreated controls. N. rileyi conidia
treatment caused a short-lived increase in larval mortality
and no change in population levels of velvetbean caterpillar
or soybean looper. The fungicide treatment persistently
inhibited N. rileyi, causing significantly higher populations
of the two defoliators.
106 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E4
Field manipulation of populations of individual staphylinid
species in cereals and their impact on aphid populations.
Dennis, P.; Wratten, S.D.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Feb.
Ecological entomology v. 16 (1): p. 17-24; 1991 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: England; Triticum aestivum; Sitobion avenae;
Tachyporus; Philonthus; Predators of insect pests; Population
dynamics; Biological control agents
107 NAL Call. No.: S27.A3
Foreign exploration for natural enemies of Russian wheat aphid
in Iran and in the Kunlun, Tian Shan, and Altai Mountain
Valleys of The People's Republic of China.
Gonzalez, D.; Gilstrap, F.; McKinnon, L.; Zhang, J.; Zareh,
N.; Zhang, G.; Stary, P.; Wolley, J.; Wang, R.
S.l. : The Council; 1992.
Great Plains Agricultural Council publication (142): p.
197-209; 1992. Proceedings of the Fifth Russian Wheat Aphid
Conference, January 26-28, 1992, Fort Worth, Texas. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iran; China; Diuraphis noxia; Predators;
Parasitoids; Surveys; Biological control agents
108 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Formulation of socially efficient economic injury levels for
insecticide use in IPM.
Robinson, J.R.C.; Lacewell, R.D.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1990.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences.
p. 405-410; 1990. Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas,
Nevada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Insect pests; Gossypium hirsutum; Insecticides;
Integrated pest management; Economic analysis; Production
costs
109 NAL Call. No.: QH506.U34
Functional response of arthropod predators and its role in the
biological control of insect pests in agricultural systems.
O'Neil, R.J.
New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Liss, Inc; 1990.
UCLA symposia on molecular and cellular biology v. 112: p.
83-96; 1990. In the series analytic: New directions in
biological control: Alternatives for suppressing agricultural
pests and diseases / edited by R.R. Baker and P.E. Dunn.
Proceedings of a UCLA Colloquium, January 20-27, 1989, Frisco,
Colorado. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Insect pests; Plant pests;
Biological control; Biological control agents; Theory;
Predators of insect pests; Natural enemies; Predatory
arthropods; Predator prey relationships; Podisus
maculiventris; Epilachna varivestis
Abstract: The theory of the functional response of arthropod
predators is reviewed. Predictions from theory are compared to
results of a field study of predation in soybeans.
Incongruities between theoretical predictions and empirical
findings are identified and a hypothesis to explain the field
results is suggested. The importance of the concept of the
functional response to understanding predation in crops is
discussed.
110 NAL Call. No.: SB925.B5
Functional response of Catolaccus grandis (Burks)
(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in field cages.
Morales-Ramos, J.A.; Cate, J.R.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1992 Sep.
Biological control v. 2 (3): p. 193-202; 1992 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Anthonomus grandis; Catolaccus;
Parasitoids; Functional responses; Host parasite
relationships; Population density; Host-seeking behavior; Age;
Fecundity; Environmental factors; Parasitism; Biological
control; Mathematical models
111 NAL Call. No.: SB925.B5
Habitat use patterns by the seven-spotted lady beetle
(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in a diverse agricultural
landscape.
Maredia, K.M.; Gage, S.H.; Landis, D.A.; Scriber, J.M.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1992 Jun.
Biological control v. 2 (2): p. 159-165; 1992 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Coccinella septempunctata; Biological
control agents; Habitats; Zea mays; Triticum aestivum;
Populus; Medicago sativa; Insect control; Tillage; No-tillage;
Habitat selection; Prey; Aphidoidea; Availability; Ecology
112 NAL Call. No.: SB321.G85
Higher profits through better quality sweet corn.
Bouncher, J.
Storrs, Conn. : Coop. Ext. Serv., USDA, College of Agriculture
& Natural Resources, Univ. of Conn; 1991 Dec.
The Grower : vegetable and small fruit newsletter v. 91 (12):
p. 5-6, 8; 1991 Dec.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Integrated pest management; Profits
113 NAL Call. No.: 470 C16D
Histopathology of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (Reoviridae)
infection in corn earworm, Helicaverpa zea (Boddie), larvae
(Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
Bong, C.F.J.; Sikorowski, P.P.
Ottawa, Canada : National Research Council of Canada; 1991
Aug. Canadian journal of zoology v. 69 (8): p. 2121-2127; 1991
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; Cytoplasmic
polyhedrosis viruses; Larvae; Integrated pest management;
Biological control agent