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TITLE: Irrigating Efficiently
PUBLICATION DATE: June 1994
ENTRY DATE: April 1995
EXPIRATION DATE:
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DOCUMENT TYPE: text
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ISSN: 1052-5378
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Irrigating Efficiently
January 1988 - February 1994
QB 94-35
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Irrigating Efficiently
January 1988 - February 1994
Quick Bibliography Series: QB 94-35
264 citations from AGRICOLA
Joe Makuch and Bonnie Emmert
Water Quality Information Center
June 1994 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
Makuch, Joe
Irrigating efficiently.
(Quick bibliography series ; 94-35)
1. Irrigation efficiency--Bibliography. I. Emmert, Bonnie.
II. Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.94-35
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Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA
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SAMPLE CITATIONS
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JOURNAL ARTICLE:
Citation # NAL Call No.
Article title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher. Journal Title.
Date. Volume (Issue). Pages. (NAL Call Number).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8.SCH6
Morrison, S.B. Denver, Colo.: American School Food Service
Association. School foodservice journal. Sept 1987. v. 41
(8). p.48-50. ill.
BOOK:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date. Information
on pagination, indices, or bibliographies.
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL RM218.K36 1987
Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
Kane, June Kozak. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.
Includes index. xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm. Bibliography:
p. 126.
AUDIOVISUAL:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date.
Supplemental information such as funding. Media format
(i.e., videocassette): Description (sound, color, size).
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1 NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV
All aboard the nutri-train.
Mayo, Cynthia. Richmond, Va.: Richmond Public Schools,
1981. NET funded. Activity packet prepared by Cynthia
Mayo. 1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +
activity packet.
Irrigating Efficiently
SEARCH STRATEGY
Set Items Description
=== ===== ============
S1 19650 SH=P210
S2 23 (LOW()ENERGY()PRECISION()APPLICATION OR
LEPA)/TI,DE,ID
S3 6271 (EFFICIENCY OR WATER()CONSERVATION)/DE,ID
S4 6291 S2 OR S3
S5 604 S1 AND S4
S6 598 RD S5 (unique items)
S7 279 S6 AND PY=(1988 OR 1989 OR 1990 OR 1991 OR
1992 OR 1993 OR 1994)
Irrigating Efficiently
1 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990
AGWATER--irrigation management and planning expert system.
Hawkins, T.; Burt, C.M.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1990.
Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National
Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual
International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1,
1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p. 64-68; 1990.
(ASAE publication ; 04-90).
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Irrigation; Computer software; Water
use efficiency
2 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Alfalfa yield and plant water relations with variable
irrigation.
Grimes, D.W.; Wiley, P.L.; Sheesley, W.R.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1992 Nov.
Crop science v. 32 (6): p. 1381-1387; 1992 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Medicago sativa; Arid climate;
Semiarid climate; Cultivars; Varietal reactions; Water use
efficiency; Irrigation scheduling; Sprinkler irrigation;
Evapotranspiration; Water potential; Water stress; Crop yield;
Yield losses
Abstract: In the arid and semiarid western USA, alfalfa
(Medicago sativa L.) grown for forage requires large amounts
of water for high productivity. Managing alfalfa to achieve
the best possible water-use efficiency (WUE) is essential for
the crop to remain competitive for water supplies both within
and outside agriculture. This study was conducted in the San
Joaquin Valley of California, to define alfalfa forage yield
and plant water relation responses of three alfalfa cultivars
(CUF 101, Moapa 69, and WL 318) to contrasting irrigation
intensities and establish critical plant water-status values
for irrigation scheduling. A single line-source sprinkler
system provided a variable water supply. The soil was a
Hanford sandy loam, silty substratum (coarse-loamy, mixed,
nonacid, thermic typic xerorthent). Maximum total season crop
evapotranspiration (ET(c)) of 1000 mm gave 26.3 Mg ha-1 of hay
yield that was similar for the three cultivars. A linear hay
yield (Y(h))-ET(c) relationship was defined as Y(h) = -0.212 +
0.0265 ET(c) (r2 = 0.82). Water-use efficiency, 23.1 Mg ha-1
dry matter per meter of water used as ET(c), was comparable
with other C(3) species. As midday plant water potential
declined below -1 MPa, yield reductions were observed for all
cultivars. Increased crop water stress index (CWSI) was
correlated (r = 0.84) with declining midday plant water
potential below the -1 MPa yield-limiting midday plant water
potential threshold. Absolute values of midday plant water
potential or CWSI associated with a given yield reduction were
cultivar-dependent; Moapa 69 and WL 318 responded alike, but
each differed from CUF 101. Plant-based water-status
measurements provided a practical and reliable index for
assessing the adequacy of supplied irrigation water.
3 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32
Anaerobic digestion of wastes containing pyrolignitic acids.
Andreoni, V.; Bonfanti, P.; Daffonchio, D.; Sorlini, C.;
Villa, M.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1990.
Biological wastes v. 34 (3): p. 203-214; 1990. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wood; Pyrolysis; Residues; Waste treatment;
Anaerobic digestion; Removal; Efficiency; Methane production
4 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Analysis of efficiency of overhead irrigation in container
production.
Beeson, R.C. Jr; Knox, G.W.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1991 Jul.
HortScience v. 26 (7): p. 848-850; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Rhododendron; Pittosporum tobira;
Sprinkler irrigation; Container grown plants; Irrigation;
Efficiency; Overhead sprayers; Leaf area; Canopy; Density;
Spacing; Containers; Size
Abstract: Volume of water captured in a container as a
function of sprinkler type, spacing, plant type, and container
size was measured for marketable-sized plants. Percent water
captured was calculated and a model to predict this value
derived. Percent water captured was inversely related to the
leaf area contained in the cylinder over the container when
containers were separated, and with total plant leaf area at a
pot-to-pot spacing. This relationship was independent of leaf
curvature (concave vs. convex). Canopy densities were less
related to percent water captured than leaf areas. Irrigation
application efficiencies separated by spacing ranged from 37%
at a close spacing to 25% at a spacing of 7.6 cm between
containers. Container spacing, canopy shedding, and possibly
some canopy retention of water later lost by evaporation were
determined to be the main factors associated with the low
efficiencies. The results suggest that higher irrigation
application efficiencies would be maintained only if plants
were transplanted to larger containers before reaching maximum
canopy size rather than spacing existing containers to achieve
more room for canopy growth.
5 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Analysis of experiments involving line source sprinkler
irrigation.
Morgan, D.D.V.; Carr, M.K.V.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1988 Apr.
Experimental agriculture v. 24 (2): p. 169-176; 1988 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sprinkler irrigation; Water use efficiency; Rate
of wetting; Performance testing; Analysis of covariance;
Coverage; Dispersion; Spraylines
6 NAL Call. No.: 75.8 P842
Antitranspirant effects on yield, quality and water use
efficiency of Russet Burbank potatoes.
Stark, J.C.; Dwelle, R.B.
Orono, Me. : Potato Association of America; 1989 Sep.
American potato journal v. 66 (9): p. 563-574; 1989 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Solanum tuberosum; Antitranspirants; Crop
management; Crop quality; Crop yield; Drought resistance;
Evapotranspiration; Irrigation systems; Water stress; Water
use efficiency
7 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Application method affects water application efficiency of
spray stake-irrigated containers.
Lamack, W.F.; Niemiera, A.X.
Alexandria, Va. : The American Society for Horticultural
Science; 1993 Jun.
HortScience : a publication of the American Society for
Horticultural Science
v. 28 (6): p. 625-627; 1993 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tagetes erecta; Container grown plants; Trickle
irrigation; Application methods; Application rates; Water use
efficiency; Water deficit; Irrigation scheduling; Pine bark
Abstract: Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of
water application medium moisture deficit, water application
rate, and intermittent application on water application
efficiency {[(amount applied - amount leached)/amount applied]
X 100} of spray stake-irrigated, container-grown plants. Pine
bark-filled containers were irrigated to replace moisture
deficits of 600, 1200, or 1800 ml; deficits were returned in
single, continuous applications of 148, 220, or 270 ml-min-1.
Efficiency was unaffected by medium at a 600-ml deficit was
irrigated with 400 or 600 ml (65% and 100% water replacement,
respectively); deficits were returned in a single, continuous
application or in intermittent 100-ml applications with 30-min
intervals between irrigations. Application efficiency was
greater with intermittent irrigation (95% and 84% for 400- and
600-ml replacement, respectively) than with continuous 100-,
or 150-ml aliquots with 20, 40, or 60 min between applications
in a factorial design. Efficiency increased with decreasing
application volume and increasing time between applications.
Highest efficiency (86%) was achieved with an irrigation
regimen of 50-ml applications with at least 40 min between
applications, compared to 62% for the control treatment (a
single, continuous application of 600 ml). Our results suggest
that growers using spray stakes would waste less water by
applying water intermittently rather than continuously.
8 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM3PS (IR)
Applying partial irrigation in Pakistan.
Trimmer, W.L.
New York, N.Y. : American Society of Civil Engineers; 1990
May.
Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering v. 116 (3): p.
342-353; 1990
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pakistan; Irrigation systems; Crop yield; Water
conservation; Water management; Cost benefit analysis;
Optimization
9 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66
Automatic dam management and river regulation for irrigation
purposes.
Tardieu, H.
Dordrecht : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1988.
Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v.
2 (1): p. 53-61. maps; 1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: France; Irrigation; Canals; Dams; Rivers; Water
management; Water use efficiency
10 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66
Automation of border irrigation in South-East Australia: an
overview.
Malano, H.M.; Patto, M.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Feb.
Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v.
6 (1): p. 9-26; 1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Border irrigation; Irrigated farming;
Automatic irrigation systems; Irrigation equipment;
Hydraulics; Performance; Application; Efficiency
11 NAL Call. No.: 81 C128
Avocado irrigation.
Bender, G.S.; Engle, M.M.
Saticoy, Calif. : The Society; 1988.
California Avocado Society yearbook v. 72: p. 183-191; 1988.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Persea Americana; Irrigation systems;
Water use efficiency; Irrigation scheduling
12 NAL Call. No.: 282.8 J82
Bargaining rules for a thin spot water market.
Saleth, R.M.; Braden, J.B.; Eheart, J.W.
Madison, Wis. : University of Wisconsin Press; 1991 Aug.
Land economics v. 67 (3): p. 326-339; 1991 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Maize; Irrigation water; Markets;
Efficiency; Crop yield; Farm size; Watersheds; Right of
access; Game theory; Simulation models
13 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
Benefits and costs of improving pumping efficiency.
Hanson, B.R.
Berkeley, Calif. : The Station; 1988 Jul.
California agriculture - California Agricultural Experiment
Station
v. 42 (4): p. 21-22; 1988 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation systems; Pumps; Efficiency; Cost
benefit analysis; Energy conservation; Performance
14 NAL Call. No.: 292.9 AM34
Benefits of transferring streamflow priority from agricultural
to non-agricultural use.
Bosch, D.J.
Bethesda, Md. : American Water Resources Association; 1991
May.
Water resources bulletin v. 27 (3): p. 397-405; 1991 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Virginia; River water; Irrigation; Irrigation
water; Water reservoirs; Watersheds; Stream flow; Water
allocation; Water use efficiency; Yields; Simulation models
Abstract: In Virginia, as in many states, priority to
streamflow is held by riparian landowners who are
predominantly agricultural users. The streamflow may also have
a high potential value to nonagricultural users who do not
have riparian rights. The potential benefits of transferring
streamflow priority rights from agricultural to non-
agricultural use were evaluated using simulation for an
eastern Virginia watershed. Lowering irrigators' priority to
streamflow reduced crop yields and irrigated returns in some
years because of inadequate water supplies. However, the
transfer of priorities increased the likelihood that the urban
reservoir would be able to withdraw water from the stream
without interruption. As a result, priority trades reduced the
size of reservoir needed to meet a given water requirement by
municipal users. The resulting savings in reservoir
construction and maintenance costs more than offset the losses
to irrigators. Net savings could be achieved even if the
reservoir were required to release water periodically to
maintain a minimum level of instream flow. The conclusion is
that the state should encourage trading of access to
streamflow in order to increase the use efficiency of
streamflows. Alternative means by which the state can
facilitate water exchanges are discussed.
15 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Bermuda grass response to leaching fractions, irrigation
salinity, and soil types.
Devitt, D.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1989 Nov.
Agronomy journal v. 81 (6): p. 893-901; 1989 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cynodon dactylon; Water uptake; Saline water;
Water reuse; Irrigation water; Root distribution; Sandy loam
soils; Silt; Loam soils; Clay soils; Leaching; Water use
efficiency
Abstract: Reuse of wastewater as an irrigation source for
turfgrass is becoming a more viable and appealing option in
arid environments where competition for good-quality water is
increasing. The objective of this research was to determine
the impact that varied leaching fractions, irrigation
salinity, and soil types had on root growth and distribution,
and fractional water uptake of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon
(L.) Pers.]. Bermudagrass was grown for a 2-yr period in large
columns packed with three different soil types (sandy loam,
silt loam, and clay). Saline water was synthesized and applied
at three different salinity levels (electrical conductivities
of 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 dS m-1). Irrigations were applied 3 d
wk-1 at a rate beyond measured evapotranspiration (ET) to
establish three different leaching fractions (0.09, 0.18, and
0.27). The soil salinity (ECe), soil solution chloride (CI-),
root density, and volumetric water contents were measured in
soil cores taken with depth and time. Dry matter of weekly
grass clippings was measured and recorded throughout the 2-yr
period. Plant water status was monitored by measuring canopy
temperatures and leaf xylem water potentials. Results
indicated that bermudagrass was very tolerant to the range of
salinity-leaching conditions imposed. However, differences
were noted by treatments, with the sandy soil showing as much
as a 25% yield decrement at the highest salinity level.
Salinity of the irrigation water (EC1), rather than soil
salinity (ECe), was more highly correlated with most of the
soil-plant-water relationships observed. Root length density
was best described by a hyperbolic function. Only limited
success was found in correlating root length density with
fractional water uptake. In addition, poor correlations were
found between soil salinity with depth and fractional water
uptake. These findings indicate that the ability to predict
water uptake based on root distribution and/or soil salinity
would be poor and that great
16 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 C76B
Capillary irrigation--an overview.
Corbett, E.G.
Storrs, Conn. : The Service; 1990 Dec.
Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture,
University of Connecticut : [bulletin] v. 2 (6): p. 5-6; 1990
Dec.
Language: English
Descriptors: Planting stock; Trickle irrigation; Water
conservation; Groundwater pollution
17 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Carbon isotope discrimination, water relations, and
photosynthesis in tall fescue.
Johnson, R.C.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1993 Jan.
Crop science v. 33 (1): p. 169-174; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Festuca arundinacea; Genotypes; Water
use efficiency; Carbon; Isotopes; Water relations; Gas
exchange; Photosynthesis; Irrigated conditions
Abstract: Carbon isotope discrimination (delta) shows promise
for estimating water-use efficiency (WUE) in crop species.
Research was undertaken to examine delta and water relations
of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) accessions and to
determine if low delta is associated with high gas exchange
WUE as predicted by theory. The accession PI 438522 had lower
a than the accession PI 231522 in both a dryland and an
irrigated field environment and at two sampling dates.
Correlations among delta, water potential, solute potential,
and turgor pressure were not significant under irrigation.
Under dryland conditions, correlations among these factors
were generally significant and positive for PI 49522, but not
significant for PI 231561. In a greenhouse experiment, plants
selected for low delta from the irrigated field environment
had lower delta and internal leaf [CO2] (Ci), and a higher
ratio of CO2 assimilation rate (A) to transpiration than high-
delta selections. This was true for both well-watered plants
and plants stressed with a -0.38 MPa polyethylene glycol
solution. Stomatal conductance and A were positively
correlated with delta, suggesting that lower stomatal
conductance was a factor leading to lower Ci and delta. The
results suggest that associations between water relations and
delta vary depending on accession and environment, but
selecting tall fescue plants for low delta does identify
genotypes with low Ci and high WUE. Using delta for germplasm
enhancement of WUE in tall fescue appears promising.
18 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66
Case study on an integrated operation planning of multiple
reservoirs for irrigation in Japan.
Kakudo, H.; Senga, Y.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991 May.
Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v.
5 (2): p. 115-128; 1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Japan; Reservoirs; Operation; Planning;
Irrigation water; Drought; Simulation; Water conservation;
Water use; Case studies; Equations
19 NAL Call. No.: 55.9 SP8
Centrifugal pump selection considerations.
O'Brien, R.
Arlington, Va. : The Association; 1988.
Technical conference proceedings - Irrigation Association. p.
67-73. ill; 1988. Paper presented at the "Conference on
Conserving Energy, Water and Other Resources Through
Irrigation," October 25-28, 1987, Orlando, Florida.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation equipment; Hydraulic systems;
Centrifugal pumps; Selection criteria; Design criteria;
Performance traits; Efficiency
20 NAL Call. No.: SB476.G7
Checklist of water conservation strategies.
Beard, J.B.
Overland Park, Kan. : Intertec Publishing Corporation; 1988
Apr.
Grounds maintenance v. 23 (4): p. IR-6, IR-8, IR-9, IR-18;
1988 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Irrigated conditions; Water
conservation
21 NAL Call. No.: 1 Ag84Ab no.608
Chemigation, a technology for the future?.
Gollehon, Noel R.
United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service
Washington, DC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research
Service,; 1990; A 1.75:608.
16 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm. (Agriculture information bulletin ;
no. 608).
Caption title. Shipping list no.: 90-453-P. July 1990.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 15).
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Agricultural chemicals; United States;
Fertilizer-pesticide mixtures; United States; Application;
Fertilizers; Government policy; United States; Irrigation
efficiency; United States
22 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990
Chemigation with LEPA center pivots.
New, L.; Knutson, A.; Fipps, G.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1990.
Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National
Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual
International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1,
1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona.
p. 453-458; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Center pivot irrigation; Fertigation;
Insecticides; Mite control
23 NAL Call. No.: SB369.I5 1988
Citrus irrigation in Israel--making do with less water.
Goell, A.
Rehovot, Israel : Balaban; 1988.
Citriculture : proceedings of the Sixth International Citrus
Congress : Middle-East, Tel Aviv, Israel, March 6-11, 1988 /
scientific editors, R. Goren and K. Mendel, editor, N. Goren.
p. 699-706; 1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Citrus; Orchards; Irrigation; Water
conservation; Irrigation scheduling; Water requirements;
Technology; Innovation adoption; Water stress
24 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68
A comparative cost analysis of vegetable irrigation systems.
Prevatt, J.W.; Clark, G.A.; Stanley, C.D.
Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1992 Jan.
HortTechnology v. 2 (1): p. 91-94; 1992 Jan. Proceedings of
the Workshop, "Impact of Runoff Water Quality on Future
Nursery Crop Production," held at the 87th ASHS Annual
Meeting, November 8, 1990, Tucson, Arizona. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Irrigation systems; Subsurface
irrigation; Trickle irrigation; Cost analysis; Fixed costs;
Variable costs; Sandy soils; High water tables; Water use
efficiency; Crop production
25 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Comparison of drip and basin irrigation systems in banana
orchards on the southern coast of Turkey.
Cevik, B.; Kaska, N.; Tekinel, O.; Pekmezci, M.; Yaylali, N.;
Paydas, S.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1988 Sep.
Acta horticulturae (228): p. 213-218. ill; 1988 Sep. Paper
presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Water
Supply and Irrigation in the Open and Under Protected
Cultivation, August 26-28, 1985, Padova, Italy. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Turkey; Musa; Orchards; Basin irrigation; Trickle
irrigation; Water use efficiency; Yield response functions;
Fruit; Chemical composition; Crop quality
26 NAL Call. No.: 81 SO12
Comparison of subsurface trickle and furrow irrigation on
plastic-mulched and bare soil for tomato production.
Bogle, C.R.; Hartz, T.K.; Nunez, C.
Alexandria, Va. : The Society; 1989 Jan.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science v.
114 (1): p. 40-43; 1989 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Trickle irrigation;
Subsurface irrigation; Furrow irrigation; Plastic mulches;
Mulching; Water use efficiency; Crop yield
Abstract: Subsurface trickle and furrow irrigation of fresh-
market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), with or without
plastic mulch, were compared for three consecutive growing
seasons. Plots were irrigated when available soil water was
40% depleted. Marketable tomato yield was 22% greater for
plants grown with trickle irrigation than with furrow
irrigation. Use of black plastic mulch resulted in 31% and 16%
greater marketable tomato yield in Spring 1983 and 1984, than
similar bare-soil (unmulched) treatments, respectively. In
Fall 1983, use of white/black (top/bottom) laminated plastic
mulch reduced yields by 12% compared to similar unmulched
treatments. Total water (irrigation plus precipitation)
applied to furrow-irrigated plots nearly equalled pan
evaporation (Epan). Trickle-irrigated plots received less than
45% of Epan in all seasons, resulting in increased water-use
efficiency with drip irrigation. Trickle irrigation as applied
did not affect soluble salts concentration in the soils.
27 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Comparison of surge and cablegation to continuous furrow
irrigation.
Israeli, I.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection)
(fiche no.
88-2014): 15 p. ill., maps; 1988. Paper presented at the 1988
Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural
Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society
of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St.
Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616)
429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Colorado; Irrigation systems; Energy
conservation; Water conservation
28 NAL Call. No.: 80 G85W
Computer irrigation scheduling.
Zoldoske, D.
Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Pub. Co; 1988 Apr.
Western fruit grower v. 108 (4): p. 6-7. ill; 1988 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation scheduling; Computer applications;
Water use efficiency; Computer software; Soil moisture;
Evapotranspiration
29 NAL Call. No.: aS622.S6
Conserving Colorado's Ogallala Aquifer.
Peavy, L.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1992 Jul.
Soil & water conservation news - U.S. Deptartment of
Agriculture, Soil
Conservation Service v. 13 (2): p. 20; 1992 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Colorado; Water management; Irrigation; Gypsum
blocks; Water conservation; Aquifers
30 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66
Considerations for sizing water delivery systems.
Tod, I.C.; Wallender, W.W.; Henderson, D.W.; Devries, J.J.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1990 May.
Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v.
4 (2): p. 171-179; 1990 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation systems; Design; Irrigation water;
Water distribution; Systems; Water requirements; Water use;
Efficiency; Farms; Models; Costs
31 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990
Constant hole spacing trail tubes.
Chu, S.T.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1990.
Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National
Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual
International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1,
1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p. 121-126; 1990.
(ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sprinkler irrigation; Tubes; Water conservation
32 NAL Call. No.: HC55.N3
Constraints to improved energy efficiency in agricultural
pumpsets: the case of India.
Sadaphal, P.M.; Natarajan, B.
Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd; 1992 Aug.
Natural resources forum v. 16 (3): p. 221-225; 1992 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Irrigation equipment; Pumps; Electricity;
Energy consumption; Efficiency; Agricultural sector;
Constraints
33 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Cotton irrigation management with LEPA systems.
Bordovsky, J.P.; Lyle, W.M.; Lascano, R.J.; Upchurch, D.R.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1992 May.
Transactions of the ASAE v. 35 (3): p. 879-884; 1992 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium; Irrigation scheduling;
Irrigation systems; Soil water; Water use
Abstract: Irrigations were applied to short-season cotton at
Halfway, Texas, using a LEPA irrigation system at intervals of
2, 4, 8, and 12 days in 1986 and at 3, 6, 9, and 18 days in
1987 and 1988. The four interval treatments were grouped for
analysis and referred to as 3D, 5D, 9D, and 15D. Irrigation
quantities at each interval were 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 times
a base irrigation amount (BI) which equalled estimated cotton
evapotranspiration (ET) less rainfall. The DRY treatments
received preplant irrigations only. The 3D treatments resulted
in higher cotton lint yield and seasonal irrigation water use
efficiencies than other irrigation intervals. Root length
densities in the 3D treatments were higher than in the 15D
treatment at both the 0.4BI and 1.OBI irrigation quantities.
Irrigation interval treatments caused small detectable
differences in seasonal soil water content at the 0.4BI
irrigation level. Average cotton lint yields were reduced as
irrigation amounts increased. The 0.4BI and 0.6BI treatment
yields were significantly higher than those of the 0.8BI and
the 1.OBI quantities. The 3D X 0.4BI treatment produced the
highest annual lint yield of 1134 kg/ha from average
irrigations totaling 81 mm/yr compared to the 15D X 1.OBI
(traditional) treatment which yielded 945 kg/ha from 202 mm/yr
of seasonal irrigation. Deficit irrigation of short-season
cotton using a LEPA system and a 3D interval can enhance lint
yield and conserve groundwater on the Southern High Plains of
Texas.
34 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Cotton management strategies for a short growing season
environment: water-nitrogen considerations.
Morrow, M.R.; Krieg, D.R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (1): p. 52-56; 1990 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium hirsutum; Water use efficiency;
Water supplies; Dry farming; Irrigated farming; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Timing; Nitrogen uptake; Heat sums; Crop yield;
Yield components; Boll; Lint; Yield response functions;
Interactions
Abstract: The Southern High Plains of Texas represents the
largest contiguous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production
area in the USA. Water supply represents the greatest
limitation to production under rainfed conditions. Where
supplemental irrigation is used, growing season length
represents a major limitation to attainment of high yields of
desirable quality fiber and seed. The primary objective of
this research project was to determine the inter-relationships
between H2O, N, and heat unit supplies as they affect lint
yield of cotton. Field experiments were conducted during a 4-
yr period at a sandy soil (fine, loamy, mixed, thermic family
of Aridic Paleustalf) site. Water supply was varied through
irrigation with treatments ranging from dryland to fully
irrigated. Superimposed on the water supplies were N rate
treatments applied preplant and sidedress in a factorial
design. Lint yield (LY) was defined as a function of
components including plant density, bolls per plant and
average boll size. Regression analysis was used to determine
LY response to treatments. Lint yield was most highly
correlated with boll number per unit ground area with equal
contribution from plant density and bolls per plant. Water
supply was most responsible for boll number; however,
increasing N supply within each H2O regime resulted in a
positive response in boll number per plant. Multiple
regression analysis revealed that LY responded to H2O and N
supplies during the fruiting period to a greater extent than
to preflower supplies. Within any heat unit regime, LY was
maximized as water supply increased by maintaining a constant
ratio of 0.2 kg N ha-1 mm-1 H2O.
35 NAL Call. No.: TC823.P52
Cotton response to high frequency irrigation.
Bordovsky, J.P.; Lyle, W.M.
New York, N.Y. : The Society; 1988.
Planning now for irrigation and drainage in the 21st century :
proc of a conference : Lincoln, Nebraska, July 18-21, 1988 /
sponsored by the Irrig and Drain Div of the American Soc of
Civil Engineers ; edited by D.R. Hay. p. 297-304; 1988.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium hirsutum; Crop yield; Irrigation
systems; Tests
36 NAL Call. No.: S612.I756
Crop coefficients and water requirements of irrigated wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) in the Nigerian savannah zone.
Abdulmumin, S.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1988.
Irrigation science v. 9 (3): p. 177-186. maps; 1988. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Triticum aestivum; Irrigation; Savannas;
Water requirements; Coefficient of determination; Water use
efficiency; Projects; Hydraulic systems; Lysimeters
37 NAL Call. No.: SB185.6.C74 1992
Crop production function in relation to irrigation methods,
limited water and variability.
Bresler, E.
United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and
Development Fund
Bet Dagan, Israel : BARD,; 1992. 123 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Final
report. Project no. IS-1309-87. Includes bibliographical
references (p. 111-116).
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops and water; Crop yields; Irrigation
efficiency
38 NAL Call. No.: 81 SO12
Crop-water production functions for sweet corn.
Braunworth, W.S. Jr; Mack, H.J.
Alexandria, Va. : The Society; 1989 Mar.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science v.
114
(2): p.
210-215; 1989 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oregon; Zea mays; Water requirements; Water use
efficiency; Evapotranspiration; Yield components; Yield
response functions; Crop yield; Available water capacity;
Field capacity; Maximum yield; Irrigated farming; Mathematical
models
Abstract: Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) was irrigated using
randomized complete block and line source experimental designs
in 1984 and 1985 on a mixed, mesic Cumulic Ultic Haploxeroll
soil. Irrigations were scheduled when approximately 50% of the
available water was depleted in the root zone of the 100%
treatment to refill the zone to 0% to 100% of field capacity
(five irrigation levels). Four yield parameters were measured
for all plots: yield of all ears before husking, yield of good
husked ears, kernel yield (fresh), and total dry matter
production of plants and ears. Maximum relative total unhusked
ear yield and near-maximum evapotranspiration (ET) were
obtained at 85% of maximum water applied, indicating that high
yields can be maintained with deficit irrigation. Without
irrigation, only 44% of maximum yield was obtained. Maximum
water use efficiency (WUE), defined as the total unhusked ear
yield in kg.ha-1.mm-1ET, occurred between 407 and 418 mm of
ET. The maximum WUE corresponded to approximately 313 mm water
applied (WA); maximum yield, however, occurred within the
range of 449 to 518 mm WA. Irrigation treatments to achieve
maximum WUE were predicted to result in a 10% yield reduction.
39 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM3Ps (IR)
Design and operation of on-farm irrigation ponds.
Mehta, B.K.; Goto, A.
New York, N.Y. : American Society of Civil Engineers, c1983-;
1992 Sep.
Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering v. 118 (5): p.
659-673; 1992 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Thailand; Cabt; Irrigation water; Ponding; Farm
storage; Water use efficiency; Diurnal variation; Simulation
models
40 NAL Call. No.: HD1750.W4
Determinants of irrigation technology choice.
Negri, D.H.; Brooks, D.H.
Lincoln, Neb. : Western Agricultural Economics Association;
1990 Dec.
Western journal of agricultural economics v. 15 (2): p.
213-223; 1990 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Irrigated farming; Sprinkler irrigation;
Runoff irrigation; Technology; Decision making; Water
conservation; Groundwater; Profit functions; Probability
analysis; Water costs; Labor costs; Topography; Soil;
Characteristics; Climate
41 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Development and testing of a water management model (WATRCOM):
field testing.
Parsons, J.E.; Doty, C.W.; Skaggs, R.W.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1991 Jul.
Transactions of the ASAE v. 34 (4): p. 1674-1682; 1991 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Drainage; Hydraulics; Water
conservation; Water management; Water table; Watersheds;
Simulation models
Abstract: Water table observations from the 1000 ha watershed
of Mitchell Creek near Tarboro, NC, were used to field test
the water management model, WATRCOM. Soil properties and
channel boundary conditions from three sections of the
watershed along with weather data from years 1983 and 1984
were used to simulate the hydrology of the area with and
without channel water level control. Six transects containing
27 water table observation wells were selected for testing.
All simulations were based on measured field parameters and no
calibration simulations were made to optimize parameters to
fit observed data. A total of 14,000 daily water table
observations were compared with simulated data. The root mean
square error in simulated water tables at each well ranged
from 0.05 to 0.24 m. When the data were pooled by section, the
root mean square error ranged from 0.10 to 0. 17 m.
42 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Drainage efficiency and cracking clay soils.
Tod, I.C.; Grismer, M.E.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 88-2588): 16 p.; 1988. Paper presented
at the 1988 Winter Meeting of the American Society of
Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Irrigation; Subsurface drainage;
Efficiency; Deep percolation; Soil water movement; Drain
pipes; Spacing; Cracking; Clay soils; Numerical analysis
43 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
Drip and trickle irrigation for water conservation--January
1987-August 1990.
MacLean, J.T.
Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1990 Nov.
Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
National
Agricultural Library (U.S.). (91-23): 80 p.; 1990 Nov.
Updates QB 89-35.
Bibliography.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trickle irrigation; Water conservation; Water
requirements; Bibliographies
44 NAL Call. No.: SB319.2.N6G84
Drip irrigation for pecan trees.
Hohn, C.
Las Cruces, NM : The Service; 1988 Mar.
Guide H - New Mexico State University, Cooperative Extension
Service (611): 1 p.; 1988 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Carya illinoensis; Orchards; Trickle irrigation;
Water requirements; Efficiency
45 NAL Call. No.: SB245.B42
Drip irrigation: lowering installation costs, increasing
yields and improving water-use efficiency.
Henggeler, J.C.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council; 1988.
Proceedings of the...Beltwide Cotton Production Conference. p.
31-32; 1988.
Meeting held January 3-8, 1988, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium; Trickle irrigation;
Installations; Costs; Crop yield; Water use efficiency
46 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Drip-irrigation scheduling for fresh-market tomato production.
Hartz, T.K.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1993 Jan.
HortScience v. 28 (1): p. 35-37; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Lycopersicon esculentum; Trickle
irrigation; Irrigation scheduling; Irrigated conditions; Water
use efficiency; Crop yield; Fruits; Size
Abstract: Drip-irrigation scheduling techniques for fresh-
market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production were
compared in three growing seasons (1989-91). Three regimes
were evaluated: EPK [reference evapotranspiration (ET,
corrected Penman) X programmed crop coefficients], ECC (ET X a
crop coefficient based on estimated percent canopy coverage),
and SMD (irrigation at 20% available soil moisture depletion).
EPK coefficients ranged from 0.2 (crop establishment) to 1.1
(full canopy development). Percent canopy coverage was
estimated from average canopy width + row width. Irrigation in
the SMD treatment was initiated at -24 kPa soil matric
tension, with recharge limited to 80% of daily ET(o). The EPK
and ECC regimes gave similar fresh fruit yields and size
distributions in all years. With the EPK scheduling technique,
there was no difference in crop response between daily
irrigation and irrigation three times per week. In all
seasons, ECC scheduling resulted in less total water applied
than EPK scheduling and averaged 76% of seasonal ET(o) vs. 86%
for EPK. Irrigating at 20% SMD required an average of only 64%
of seasonal ET(o); marketable yield was equal to the other
scheduling techniques in 1989 and 1991, but showed a modest
yield reduction in 1990. Using an SMD regime to schedule early
season irrigation and an ECC system to guide application from
mid-season to harvest may be the most appropriate approach for
maximizing water-use efficiency and crop production
productivity.
47 NAL Call. No.: HD1750.W4
A dynamic analysis of water savings from advanced irrigation
technology.
Hornbaker, R.H.; Mapp, H.P.
Lincoln, Neb. : Western Agricultural Economics Association;
1988
Dec.
Western journal of agricultural economics v. 13 (2): p.
307-315; 1988 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sorghum; Irrigation scheduling; Technology;
Growth models; Recursive programming; Innovation adoption;
Sprinkler irrigation; Decision making; Computer simulation;
Simulation models
48 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32
Early to bed, early to harvest.
Cramer, C.
Emmaus, Pa. : Regenerative Agriculture Association; 1988 Feb.
The New farm v. 10 (2): p. 14-17; 1988 Feb.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Zea mays; Glycine max; Minimum tillage
systems; Furrow irrigation; Soil and water conservation;
Energy conservation
49 NAL Call. No.: aHD1735.C76
Economic and technical adjustments in irrigation due to
declining
ground
water.
Crosswhite, William M.; Dickason, Clifford; Pfeiffer, Robert
United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research
Service, Resources and
Technology Division
Washington : D.C. (1301 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C.
20005-4788) :
U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service,
Resources and
Technology
Division,; 1990.
vi, 35 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm. (ERS staff report ;
AGES-9018.).
Cover title.
"February 1990"--p. iii. Includes bibliographical references
(p.
34-35).
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation; Economic aspects; United States;
Water, Underground; United States; Water conservation; United
States
50 NAL Call. No.: S1.T49
Economic feasibility of conversion to a lower energy precision
application
irrigation system in the Texas High Plains.
Hutton, J.D.; Segarra, E.; Ervin, R.T.; Graves, J.W.
Canyon, Tex. : The Consortium; 1989.
Texas journal of agriculture and natural resources : a
publication
of the
Agricultural Consortium of Texas v. 3: p. 11-14; 1989.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Zea mays; Center pivot irrigation;
Sprinkler irrigation; Economic viability; Returns; Costs; Crop
production; Water use efficiency; Crop yield; Feasibility
studies
51 NAL Call. No.: 292.9 AM34
Economic impacts of the limited irrigation-dryland (LID)
furrow
irrigation
system.
Harman, W.L.; Stewart, B.A.; Musick, J.T.; Dusek, D.A.
Minneapolis, Minn. : American Water Resources Association;
1989
Apr.
Water resources bulletin v. 25 (2): p. 367-376; 1989 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Sorghum; Dry farming; Irrigation systems;
Furrow irrigation; Economic impact; Water resource management;
Yields; Water use efficiency
52 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
Economic incentives for irrigation drainage reduction.
Letey, J.; Dinar, A.; Knapp, K.C.
Berkeley, Calif. : The Station; 1988 May.
California agriculture - California Agricultural Experiment
Station
v. 42 (3):
p. 12-13; 1988 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Irrigation systems; Irrigation water;
Water management; Drainage water; Water use efficiency;
Economic factors; Incentives; Water costs; Price policy; Fees
53 NAL Call. No.: 281.8 AU74
Economic optimisation of sprinkler irrigation considering
uncertainty of
spatial water distribution.
Feinerman, E.; Shani, Y.; Bresler, E.
Victoria : Australian Agricultural Economics Society; 1989
Aug.
The Australian journal of agricultural economics v. 33 (2): p.
88-107; 1989
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maize; Irrigation water; Sprinkler irrigation;
Physical planning; Water use efficiency; Farmers' attitudes;
Decision making; Risks; Economic evaluation; Water costs;
Production functions; Coefficient of relationship; Stochastic
processes; Optimization methods; Econometric models
54 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Effect of different irrigation systems on yield of tomatoes
grown
under
plastic greenhouses.
Kaniszewski, S.; Dysko, J.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1988
Sep.
Acta horticulturae (228): p. 105-107; 1988 Sep. Paper
presented at
the Fourth
International Symposium on Water Supply and Irrigation in the
Open
and Under
Protected Cultivation, August 26-28, 1985, Padova, Italy.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Greenhouse
experimentation; Plastic cladding; Irrigation systems; Yield
response functions; Water use efficiency
55 NAL Call. No.: S592.17.A73A74
Effect of irrigation intervals on yield and water use
efficiency of
sunflower
(Helianthus annuus L.) in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Al-Ghamdi, A.S.; Hussain, G.; Al-Noaim, A.A.
Washington, DC : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Oct.
Arid soil research and rehabilitation v. 5 (4): p. 289-296;
1991
Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saudi arabia; Helianthus annuus; Irrigation
scheduling; Crop yield; Water use efficiency
56 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Effect of irrigation regimes on the water status, vegetative
growth
and rubber
production of guayule plants.
Benzioni, A.; Mills, D.; Forti, M.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1989 Apr.
Experimental agriculture v. 25 (2): p. 189-197; 1989 Apr.
This
record
corrects ID No. ADL 89050716 which was entered under the wrong
journal
citation. Includes references.
Language:
English Descriptors: Israel; Parthenium argentatum;
Irrigation systems; Trickle irrigation; Water use efficiency;
Growth; Rubber; Yields; Water stress; Soil water content
57 NAL Call. No.: S596.53.S69
The effect of seeding rate, timing of nitrogen application and
frequency of
irrigation on wheat growth, yield and water use.
Nel, A.A.; Dijkhuis, F.J.
Pretoria : Bureau for Scientific Publications, Foundation for
Education, Science and Technology; 1990 Aug.
South African journal of plant and soil; Suid-Afrikaanse
tydskrif
vir plant en
grond v. 7 (3): p. 163-166; 1990 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Seeding; Nitrogen;
Fertilizers; Application; Sprinkler irrigation; Growth rate;
Plant density; Crop yield; Water use efficiency; Timing
58 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Effect of soil surface treatments of runoff and wheat yields
under
irrigation.
Stern, R.; Van Der Merwe, A.J.; Laker, M.C.; Shainberg, I.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 84 (1): p. 114-119; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Irrigation water; Runoff;
Infiltration; Clay loam soils; Soil treatment; Polyacrylamide;
Phosphogypsum; Surface treatment; Dikes; Soil structure;
Irrigation scheduling; Water use efficiency; Soil water
content; Crop yield; Grain; Growth rate
Abstract: In arid and semi-arid regions, where soil structure
is unstable, surface runoff due to seal formation reduces
irrigation water use efficiency. This study was conducted to
determine the efficiency of surface treatments in reducing
runoff and increasing wheat crop productivity. Surface runoff
from wheat plots on a non-sodic, silty clay loam soil
(Rhodudalf silty clay loam), sprinkler irrigated with a good
quality irrigation water, was collected using flumes and
collection boxes. Percentages runoff were 36.1% of the total
irrigation during the growing season for the control (Ct),
12.8% for phosphogypsum (PG), 1.4% for polyacrylamide plus PG
(PAM), and 1.1% for pitting plus PG (Pt) treatments. The
mulching effect of the growing canopy did not reduce runoff
during consecutive irrigations as the season progressed. Water
content in the profile was correlated with the amount of water
that infiltrated into the soil. The crop biomass production in
the Pt and PAM treatments was significantly higher than the PG
and Ct treatments (8.81 and 7.91 vs. 6.41 and 5.47 Mg ha-1,
respectively). The Pt and PAM treatments also gave
significantly higher grain yield (3.66 and 3.02 vs. 2.25 and
2.12 Mg ha-1, respectively). The Pt, PAM, and PG treatments
resulted in significantly higher irrigation water use
efficiency (IWUE) than the Ct. The PAM is the least known
treatment and is given special attention in this study. In
regions where water is scarce and costly, improving the
efficiency of irrigation by tillage or soil ameliorants should
be considered.
59 NAL Call. No.: HD101.S6
The effect of spatial variability of irrigation applications
on
risk-efficient
irrigation strategies.
Bernardo, D.J.
Experiment, Ga. : The Association; 1988 Jul.
Southern journal of agricultural economics - Southern
Agricultural
Economics
Association v. 20 (1): p. 77-86; 1988 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Sorghum; Crop yield; Irrigation
scheduling; Risks; Water use efficiency; Application depth;
Spacing; Stochastic processes; Simulation models
60 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822
Effect of supplementary irrigation during reproductive growth
on
winter and
spring chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in a Mediterranean
environment.
Saxena, M.C.; Silim, S.N.; Singh, K.B.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1990 Jun.
The Journal of agricultural science v. 114 (pt.3): p. 285-293;
1990
Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Syria; Cicer arietinum; Cultivars; Irrigation;
Reproductive physiology; Leaf water potential; Water deficit;
Water use efficiency; Sowing date; Seed production; Yield
increases
61 NAL Call. No.: S612.I756
Effect of tillage and furrow irrigation timing on efficiency
of
preplant
irrigation.
Undersander, D.J.; Regier, C.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1988.
Irrigation science v. 9 (1): p. 57-67; 1988. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Sorghum bicolor; Plant production;
Preplanting treatment; Tillage; Furrow irrigation; Irrigation
scheduling; Water use efficiency
62 NAL Call. No.: S612.I49
Effect of varying soil moisture regimes on seeds yield, water
use
and water
use efficiency of some Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.)
Czern
and Coss)
genotypes.
Chaudhry, N.; Singh, T.; Singh, H.; Faroda, A.S.
Jodhpur : The Society; 1988.
Transactions of Indian Society of Desert Technology and
University
Centre of
Desert Studies v. 13: p. 33-40; 1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Haryana; Brassica juncea; Genotypes; Seed
production; Water use efficiency; Yields; Soil moisture; Dry
conditions; Irrigated conditions; Water use; Arid zones
63 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Effect of water supply on performance of alfalfa.
Jensen, E.H.; Miller, W.W.; Mahannah, C.N.; Read, J.J.;
Kimbell, M.K.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1988 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 1 (2): p. 152-155; 1988
Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Irrigation requirements; Water
use efficiency
64 NAL Call. No.: S612.I756
Effects of irrigation regimes on the yield and water use of
strawberry.
Serrano, L.; Carbonell, X.; Save, R.; Marfa, O.; Penuelas, J.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Irrigation science v. 13 (1): p. 45-48; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Spain; Fragaria ananassa; Crop yield; Fruits;
Weight; Soil water potential; Fertigation; Irrigation
scheduling; Water use efficiency; Water deficit; Yield
response functions
Abstract: Strawberry plants (Fragaria X annanasa D. cv
Chandler) were grown in field plots and in drainage lysimeters
under controlled soil moisture regimes. Four irrigation
treatments were established by watering the plants when soil
water potential reached -0.01, -0.03, -0.05 and -0.07 MPa. The
maximum yield was attained at -0.01 MPa soil water potential.
Differences in yield were caused by both changes in the number
of fruits per plant and in the fresh weight per fruit. Yield
reductions were associated with reductions in total
assimilation rate resulting from the decreased assimilatory
surface area in plants irrigated at lower soil water
potentials. The crop water production function calculated on a
fruit fresh weight basis resulted in a yield response factor
(Ky) of 1.01.
65 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Effects of nitrogen source, application timing, and
dicyandiamide
on
furrow-irrigated rice.
Hefner, S.G.; Tracy, P.W.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 536-540; 1991
Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Missouri; Oryza sativa; Flooded rice; Furrow
irrigation; Nitrogen metabolism; Nutrient sources; Urea
ammonium nitrate; Urea; Ammonium sulfate; Sulfur coated urea;
Application date; Dicyandiamide; Denitrification;
Nitrification; Volatilization; Losses from soil systems; Crop
yield; Grain; Panicles; Cell differentiation; Tillering;
Heading; Plant analysis; Soil analysis; Nutrient content;
Nitrate nitrogen; Ammonium nitrogen; Soil chemistry; Nutrient
deficiencies; Water management; Water conservation
66 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Effects of ozone and water stress on canopy temperature, water
use, and water
use efficiency of alfalfa.
Temple, P.J.; Benoit, L.F.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1988 May.
Agronomy journal v. 80 (3): p. 439-447; 1988 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Ozone; Water stress; Canopy;
Temperature relations; Water use; Water use efficiency;
Irrigation; Soil water deficit; Evapotranspiration;
Thermometers
67 NAL Call. No.: 280.8 J822
The effects of pricing policies on water conservation and
drainage.
Caswell, M.; Lichtenberg, E.; Zilberman, D.
Ames, Iowa : American Agricultural Economics Association; 1990
Nov.
American journal of agricultural economics v. 72 (4): p.
883-890; 1990 Nov.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cotton; Irrigated farming; Trickle
irrigation; Drainage; Innovation adoption; Water conservation;
Farm management; Farmland; Farm inputs; Water costs; Price
policy; Environmental policy; Pollution; Profitability;
Simulation models
Abstract: A general model of adoption of input-conserving
technologies by competitive firms is introduced using drip
irrigation as an example. An environmental regulation such as
a drainage effluent charge is shown to influence adoption.
Early adopters are likely to be producers with less efficient
fixed assets (land of low quality or antiquated capital),
higher input costs (higher water prices or greater depth to
groundwater), and in more environmentally sensitive regions.
Simulations show that drainage regulations can be expected to
play a major role in adoption of more efficient irrigation
technologies in California. Thus, conservation may be a key to
solving resource scarcity problems and reducing external
environmental costs.
68 NAL Call. No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Effects of reclaimed wastewater on leaf and soil mineral
composition and fruit
quality of citrus.
Zekri, M.; Koo, R.C.J.
S.l. : The Society; 1991 Jun.
Proceedings of the ... annual meeting of the Florida State
Horticulture
Society v. 103: p. 38-41; 1991 Jun. Meeting held December
17-19, 1990, Lake
Buena Vista, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Citrus; Irrigation; Waste water; Water
conservation; Crop quality; Foliar diagnosis; Mineral
nutrition; Soil water
69 NAL Call. No.: 100 OR3M
Effects of straw mulch and irrigation rate on soil loss and
runoff.
Shock, C.; Futter, H.; Perry, R.; Swisher, J.; Hobson, J.
Corvallis, Or. : The Station; 1988 Feb.
Special report - Oregon State University, Agricultural
Experiment
Station
(816): p. 38-47; 1988 Feb. In the series analytic: Potato,
onion, and sugar
beet research. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oregon; Solanum tuberosum; Straw mulches; Soil
and water conservation; Furrow irrigation; Operation on
slopes; Erosion control; Runoff water
70 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 W295
Effects of uncertainties on the limits of on-farm improvement
in
irrigation
rehabilitation.
Sritharan, S.I.; Clyma, W.
Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union; 1992 Oct.
Water resources research v. 28 (10): p. 2559-2567; 1992 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Egypt; Developing countries; Surface
irrigation; Application date; Application depth; Water use
efficiency; Water flow; Hydraulics; Water yield
Abstract: Procedures for analyzing the effects of
uncertainties on the on-farm time of application and applied
depth of irrigation have been presented using two parameter-
gamma densities for the different variables. The critical
coefficient of variation (CV) in delivered farm flow rate
beyond which variations in targeted depths cause more
deviations in time of application is found to be 0.25. For a
typical set of values for on-farm variables, reducing the CV
of farm flow below 0.12 does not improve the variance in
applied depth for the case of fixed CV values of 0.10 for farm
area and time of application. A distribution function for time
of application has been derived which will enable the
computation of reliable levels of application time. Solving
the yield problems considering the application system
hydraulics in a deterministic mode does not lead to large
errors when the variances in the on-farm variables do not
exceed 0.20. Generally, for shorter basins which are common in
many countries, higher efficiencies can be achieved.
Efficiencies less than 85% begin to occur when the length of
the basin exceeds 275 ft (84 m) for typical values of field
parameters in soils belonging to the Soil Conservation Service
infiltration family of 3.0.
71 NAL Call. No.: 55.9 SP8
Efficiency in irrigation, a key to water conservation.
Craw, G.
Arlington, Va. : The Association; 1988.
Technical conference proceedings - Irrigation Association. p.
150-161. ill; 1988. Paper presented at the "Conference on
Conserving Energy, Water and
Other Resources Through Irrigation," October 25-28, 1987,
Orlando, Florida.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water conservation; Irrigation systems;
Efficiency; Coverage; Distribution; Patterns; Spacing;
Pressure; Nozzles
72 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68
Efficiency of fertigation programs for Baltic Ivy and Asiatic
lily.
Holcomb, E.J.; Gamez, S.; Beattie, D.; Elliott, G.C.
Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1992
Jan.
HortTechnology v. 2 (1): p. 43-46; 1992 Jan. Proceedings of
the
Short Course
" Drip Irrigation of Vegetable Crops" held at the 88th ASHS
Annual
Meeting, July 25, 1991, Pennsylvania State University,
University Park.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hedera helix; Lilium; Irrigation; Irrigation
systems; Growth; Fertigation; Npk fertilizers; Application
rates; Nutrient requirements; Water use efficiency; Water
conservation; Greenhouse culture
73 NAL Call. No.: SB379.A9A9
Efficient irrigation saves water.
Engle, M.M.
Fallbrook, Calif. : Rancher Publications; 1988 Aug.
California grower v. 12 (8): p. 12-13, 21, 28. ill; 1988 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Irrigation systems; Efficiency;
Evaluation; Water; Distribution; Fruit trees; Water
conservation
74 NAL Call. No.: 280.8 J822
Efficient spatial allocation of irrigation water.
Chakravorty, U.; Roumasset, J.
Ames, Iowa : American Agricultural Economics Association; 1991
Feb.
American journal of agricultural economics v. 73 (1): p.
165-173; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation water; Water allocation; Spatial
variation; Marginal analysis; Water costs; Water use
efficiency; Taxes; Location theory; Simulation models; Demand
functions
Abstract: In the presence of conveyance losses, the efficient
quantity of water applied falls with distance from the water
source, but the amount of water "sent" (including conveyance
losses) actually increases with distance from the source,
except toward the tail end of the irrigation system. This
implies that if marginal cost pricing were implemented,
farmers at the middle and lower reaches of the system would
have to pay more money for less water received. The model is
illustrated and alternative financing schemes compared for an
empirically derived demand function for irrigation water.
75 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990
Efficient turf water management: a step by step approach.
Kah, G.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1990.
Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National
Irrigation Symposium
held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International
Irrigation
Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza,
Phoenix, Arizona.
p. 77-81; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90).
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Lawns and turf; Irrigation systems;
Water use efficiency; Cost control
76 NAL Call. No.: 100 T31S (1)
Efficient use of water in the garden and landscape.
Parsons, J.; Cotner, S.; Roberts, R.; Finch, C.; Welsh, D.
College Station, Tex. : The Station; 1990 Jun.
B - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station v.): 23 p.; 1990
Jun.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Irrigation water; Water use efficiency;
Landscape; Gardening; Vegetables
77 NAL Call. No.: HD1750.W4
Energy and agriculture in Utah: responses to water shortages.
Keith, J.E.; Martinez Gerstl, G.A.; Snyder, D.L.; Glover, T.F.
Lincoln, Neb. : Western Agricultural Economics Association;
1989
Jul.
Western journal of agricultural economics v. 14 (1): p. 85-97.
maps; 1989 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Utah; Water allocation; Irrigation; Drought;
Energy resources; Water use efficiency; Water availability;
Probabilistic models; Shadow prices; Energy cost of production
78 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Energy budget studies of some multiple cropping patterns of
the
Central
Himalaya.
Sharma, S.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1991 Aug.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 36 (3/4): p.
199-206; 1991 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Rice; Wheat; Soybeans; Millets; Multiple
cropping; Energy consumption; Efficiency; Rain; Irrigated
farming; Input output analysis; Crop yield
79 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82
Ermelo weeping lovegrass response to clipping, fertilization,
and
watering.
Masters, R.A.; Britton, C.M.
Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1990 Sep.
Journal of range management v. 43 (5): p. 461-465; 1990 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Eragrostis curvula; Shoot pruning; Plant height;
Regrowth; Herbage; Npk fertilizers; Growth rate; Irrigation
scheduling; Dry matter accumulation; Crude protein; Crop
yield; Crop quality; Water use efficiency; Root systems;
Biomass
80 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 OR32C
Estimating water flow rates.
Trimmer, W.L.
Corvallis, Or. : The Service; 1991 Oct.
Extension circular EC - Oregon State University, Extension
Service
(1369): 3
p.; 1991 Oct.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oregon; Water flow; Estimation; Statistics;
Methodology; Water conservation; Irrigation
81 NAL Call. No.: 26 AG87
Evaluacion del riego por surcos en San Juan de Lagunillas,
estado
Merida
[Evaluation of furrow irrigation in San Juan de Lagunilla,
Merida
State, Venezuela].
Solorzano, G.I.R. de; Grassi, C.J.
Maracay, Venezuela : Centro Nacional de Investigaciones
Agropecuarias; 1988
Jan.
Agronomia tropical v. 38 (1/3): p. 47-72; 1988 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: Spanish
Descriptors: Venezuela; Furrow irrigation; Water management;
Water use efficiency
82 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3
Evaluating the performance of tank irrigation systems.
Palanisami, K.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1988.
Agricultural systems v. 28 (3): p. 161-177. ill; 1988.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tamil nadu; Tanks; Irrigation systems; Cost
benefit analysis; Simulation models; Water use efficiency;
Water management
83 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.C2C3
Evaluating turfgrass sprinkler irrigation systems.
Schwankl, L.J.; Shaw, D.A.; Harivandi, M.A.; Snyder, R.L.
Berkeley, Calif. : The Service; 1992 Sep.
Leaflet - University of California, Cooperative Extension
Service
(21503): 18
p.; 1992 Sep.
Language:
English Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Sprinkler irrigation;
Irrigation systems; Application rates; Irrigation water; Water
use efficiency; Evaluation
84 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.A77
Evaluation of a subsurface "pop-up" sprinkler.
Miller, W.W.; Mahannah, C.N.; Shane, R.L.; Jensen, E.H.;
Finke, W.W. Jr
New York, N.Y. : Springer; 1990.
Applied agricultural research v. 5 (1): p. 56-62. ill; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nevada; Irrigation equipment; Sprinkler
irrigation; Design; Automation; Water use efficiency; Labor
costs; Operating costs
Abstract: Most agricultural sprinkler irrigated acreage today
is under hand-move or motor driven systems. The present trend
is toward alternatives that are less labor intensive.
Permanent highly automated systems in which all components are
deeply buried are attractive because of the low labor use and
in the retraction mode the entire system is removed from
potential damage during tillage, harvesting, grazing of
livestock, or from vandalism. One unique system, AGRI-POP, in
which the riser and rotating sprinklers are completely
retractable and extensible was recently developed. Initial
field experience in this study exposed several design
problems. Correcting design flaws resulted in a fully
functional system. However, at an investment cost of about
$5,601/ha ($2,268/A) greater than the closest solid-set
alternative and about $7,000/ha ($2,835/A) greater than the
least expensive hand-line system, AGRI-POP presently is not an
economically viable alternative for most commercial
agricultural applications. Improved economics would result if
the system were mass produced and if relative costs of labor
increase. In addition, the system could be particularly useful
where strict environmental and water management controls are
desired. Several unique recreational and horticultural
applications are noted.
85 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66
Evaluation of irrigation systems in the irrigated area of
Chanza
(Huelva).
Rodrigo, J.; Gonzalez, J.F.; Borrachero, L.M.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Feb.
Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v.
6
(1): p. 37-53; 1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Spain; Irrigation systems; Irrigated farming;
Trickle irrigation; Fragaria ananassa; Performance appraisals;
Surveys; Farms; Water use efficiency; Crop yield; Problem
analysis; Problem solving
86 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990
Evaluation of LEPA on center pivot machines.
Buchleiter, G.W.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1990.
Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National
Irrigation Symposium
held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International
Irrigation
Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza,
Phoenix, Arizona.
p.
720-724; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Colorado; Center pivot irrigation; Energy
conservation; Water management
87 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Evapotranspiration, water use efficiency, moisture extraction
pattern and
plant water relations of rape (Brassica campestris) genotypes
in
relation to
root development under varying irrigation schedules.
Raja, V.; Bishnoi, K.C.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1990 Apr.
Experimental agriculture v. 26 (2): p. 227-233; 1990 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Haryana; Brassica campestris; Evapotranspiration;
Irrigation scheduling; Plant development; Plant water
relations; Rooting; Water uptake; Water use efficiency
88 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Evapotransportation, crop coefficients, and leaching fractions
of
irrigated
desert turfgrass systems.
Devitt, D.A.; Morris, R.L.; Bowman, D.C.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jul.
Agronomy Journal v. 84 (4): p. 717-723; 1992 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nevada; Cynodon dactylon; Lolium perenne; Lawns
and turf; Irrigation scheduling; Arid climate; Irrigated
conditions; Evapotranspiration; Leaching; Soil water content;
Soil water balance; Water conservation; Water management
Abstract: Reducing irrigation volumes on turfgrass in an arid
environment requires close attention to environmental demand.
The objective of this research was to quantify the water
balances of three turfgrass sites controlled by an
evapotranspiration (ET) feedback system and local management.
Additional objectives included calculating leaching fractions
(LF), crop coefficients (Kc), water savings, and quantifying
the variability in potential evapotranspiration (ETo). A 2-yr
study was conducted on three turfgrass sites in southern
Nevada growing common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.)
Pers.] overseeded with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.).
Two vacuum-drained lysimeters and one automated weather
station were placed at each location. One lysimeter was
irrigated by input from an ET feedback system while the other
was left to local management. The daily Penman combination
equation was used to calculate ETo. Hydrologic water balances
were maintained on each lysimeter on a weekly basis. A neutron
probe was used to measure changes in soil water content in the
lysimeters. Actual ET (ETa.) varied according to management,
with the two golf courses having an average ETa 29% higher
than the park site. Differences in ETa between the park site
and golf course sites were attributed to cultural management,
in particular fertilizer input. Crop coefficients varied on a
monthly basis and between high management vs low management
turf. A 4 to 6% error was observed in estimating ETo among the
three sites.
89 NAL Call. No.: QK938.D4P73
Experience in developing arid lands of Saudi Arabia.
Skaini, M.
New York, N.Y. : Allerton Press; 1988.
Problems of desert development (4): p. 57-61; 1988.
Translated
from Problemy
Osvoeniya Pustyn, (4), 1988, p. 57-61. (QK938.D4P7). Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saudi arabia; Arid lands; Land development;
Irrigation; Saline water; Runoff water; Wells; Agricultural
development; Water use efficiency; Program evaluation; Water
resource management
90 NAL Call. No.: 1 Ag84Te no.1765
Factor demand in irrigated agriculture under conditions of
restricted water
supplies.
Bernardo, Daniel J.; Whittlesey, Norman K.
United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service
Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic
Research
Service,; 1989.
iv, 13 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (Technical bulletin (United States.
Dept.
of
Agriculture) ; no. 1765.). Cover title. "July 1989."--P.
iii.
Includes bibliographical references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation efficiency; Northwest, Pacific;
Irrigation scheduling; Northwest, Pacific; Irrigation farming;
Economic aspects; Northwest, Pacific
91 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66
Farm-level and district efforts to improve water management
during
drought.
Wichelns, D.; Cone, D.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992.
Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v.
6
(3): p.
189-199; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Drought; Irrigation scheduling; Water
distribution; Water use efficiency
92 NAL Call. No.: TD201.I56
Feasibility of irrigation canal linings in Bangladesh.
Mandal, M.A.S.; Dutta, S.C.; Khair, A.; Biswas, M.R.
Surrey : Butterworth Scientific Ltd; 1988 Sep.
International journal of water resources development v. 4 (3):
p.
169-175; 1988 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Bangladesh; Canals; Linings; Irrigation; Water
conservation; Cost benefit analysis
93 NAL Call. No.: SB319.2.N6G84
Flood irrigation for pecan trees.
Hohn, C.
Las Cruces, NM : The Service; 1988 Mar.
Guide H - New Mexico State University, Cooperative Extension
Service (610): 1
p.; 1988 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Mexico; Carya illinoensis; Orchards; Flood
irrigation; Efficiency
94 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
Furrow torpedoes improve irrigation water advance.
Schwanki, L.J.; Hanson, B.R.; Panoras, A.
Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of
California; 1992 Nov.
California agriculture v. 46 (6): p. 15-17; 1992 Nov.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Irrigation systems; Furrow
irrigation; Infiltration; Water advance; Drainage water; Water
conservation
95 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66
Furrow traffic and ripping for control of irrigation intake.
Allen, R.R.; Musick, J.T.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1992 Mar.
Applied engineering in agriculture v. 8 (2): p. 243-248; 1992
Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sorghum; Water conservation; Irrigation water;
Irrigation requirements; Soil management; Furrows; Soil
compaction; Infiltration; Permeability; Ripping; Clay loam
soils
Abstract: Graded furrow applications of 100 to 200 mm (4 to 8
in.), which often exceed profile storage capacity, are common
in the Southern High Plains for the first irrigation after
primary tillage. This study evaluated furrow compaction by
wheel traffic as a potentially low cost method of reducing
excessive intake and conserving irrigation water. A two-year
field study was conducted with irrigated grain sorghum on a
slowly permeable Pullman clay loam (Torrertic Paleustoll). The
objective was to determine the effects of furrow compaction by
controlled wheel traffic on irrigation intake during the
preplant irrigation following primary tillage. In addition,
the effects of furrow ripping, before the second irrigation,
were compared with the non-traffic control furrows as a means
of restoring normal late-season intake. On relatively wide 1.5
m (5 ft) spaced furrows with a 0.15% slope, one traffic pass
with a 6000 kg (13,200 lb) tractor increased average bulk
density from 1.1 to 1.27 Mg/m3 at the 50 mm (2 in.) depth.
Furrow traffic reduced irrigation water advance time up to 45%
to reach 400 m (1320 ft), and reduced total intake by about
17% during the first irrigation after tillage. Ripping traffic
furrows before the second irrigation increased growing season
irrigation intake by 10% compared with the non-traffic
furrows. Controlled furrow traffic reduced average growing
season irrigation water intake by 12%. Furrow traffic and
furrow ripping treatments did not significantly affect grain
sorghum yield.
96 NAL Call. No.: TC903.F88
Future directions for Indian irrigation research and policy
issues.
Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela; Svendsen, Mark, International Food
Policy Research Institute
Washington, D.C. : International Food Policy Research
Institute,; 1991.
xiv, 333 p. : ill., maps ; 23 cm. January 1991. Includes
bibliographical
references (p. [313-331).
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation; Irrigation efficiency; Water,
Underground
97 NAL Call. No.: SB379.A9A9
A global view.
Engle, M.
Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management
Corporation; 1992 Nov.
California grower v. 16 (11): p. 34; 1992 Nov.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation; Water management; Agricultural
production; Drought; Conferences; Water conservation;
International cooperation
98 NAL Call. No.: 1.98 AG84
Grasp at straws, irrigators are advised.
Corliss, J.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1991 Aug.
Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research
Service v. 39 (8): p. 25; 1991 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: Furrow irrigation; Straw; Erosion; Erosion
control; Water conservation
99 NAL Call. No.: SB475.83.K687
Gray water use in the landscape how to use gray water to save
your
landscape
during droughts ; illustrations, design, & layout by Heidi
Schmidt.
Kourik, Robert; Schmidt, Heidi
Santa Rosa, CA : Metamorphic Press,; 1988.
27 p. : ill. ; 21 cm.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Landscape architecture in water conservation;
California; Water conservation; California; Landscape
100 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7A4
Growing greenhouse crops with zero run-off technology.
Weiler, T.C.
Middletown, N.Y. : Cornell Cooperative Ext.--Orange County
Agriculture
Program, Education Center; 1993 Aug.
Agfocus : publication of Cornell Cooperative Extension--Orange
County. p. 16; 1993 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: Greenhouse culture; Irrigation; Irrigation
systems; Water conservation
101 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
Growth and yield of rice cultivars under sprinkler irrigation
in
south-eastern
Queensland. 1. Effects of sowing time.
Fukai, S.; Inthapan, P.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization; 1988.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 28 (2): p.
237-242; 1988.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Queensland; Oryza sativa; Cultivars; Yields;
Growth; Sprinkler irrigation; Sowing date; Water use
efficiency
102 NAL Call. No.: S612.I756
Growth and yield of soybeans under wet soil culture and
conventional furrow
irrigation in south-eastern Australia.
Wright, G.C.; Smith, C.J.; Wilson, I.B.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1988.
Irrigation science v. 9 (2): p. 127-142; 1988. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Victoria; Glycine max; Cultivars; Plant
production; Cultural methods; Furrow irrigation; Plant water
relations; Water uptake; Water use efficiency; Plant
development; Growth habit; Yield factors
103 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Growth, water-use efficiency, and digestibility of crested,
intermediate, and
western wheatgrass.
Frank, A.B.; Karn, J.F.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1988 Jul.
Agronomy journal v. 80 (4): p. 677-680; 1988 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Agropyron; Growth rate; Water use efficiency;
Leaves; Stems; Digestibility; Quality
104 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32
Guayule biomass production under irrigation.
Nakayama, F.S.; Bucks, D.A.; Roth, R.L.; Gardner, B.R.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1991.
Bioresource technology v. 35 (2): p. 173-178; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Parthenium argentatum; Irrigated
conditions; Biomass production; Rubber; Resins; Yields;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Yield response functions;
Evapotranspiration; Water use efficiency; Water requirements
105 NAL Call. No.: SB387.V572
A guide to irrigating the Florida grape with micro irrigation.
Surrowitz, S.D.
Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida A&M University, Center for
Viticultural
Science
and Small Farm; 1991.
Proceedings of the Florida Grape Conference. p. 1-6; 1991.
Meeting
held
October 25-26, 1991, Ocala, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Irrigation systems; Application methods;
Application rates; Frequency; Pressure; Water conservation;
Energy conservation
106 NAL Call. No.: SB299.J6J6
Historic 4-year test shows jojoba response to water.
Lucas, K.
Phoenix, Ariz. : Jojoba Growers Association; 1989 Mar.
Jojoba happenings v. 17 (2): p. 1, 3. ill; 1989 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Simmondsia chinensis; Water use
efficiency; Water harvesting; Soil moisture; Catchment
planning; Frost; Growth
107 NAL Call. No.: SB379.A9A9
How efficient is your irrigation?.
Haynes, M.
Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management
Corporation; 1993 May.
California grower v. 17 (5): p. 25-26; 1993 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Orchards; Irrigation systems; Water
use efficiency; Maintenance
108 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
How to reduce water use and maximize yields in greenhouse
roses.
Tjosvold, S.A.; Schulbach, K.F.
Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of
California; 1991 May.
California agriculture v. 45 (3): p. 31-32; 1991 May. Third
article in
issue's 'Surviving the drought' series.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rosa; Irrigation scheduling; Water conservation;
Yields; Evaporation
109 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68
Impact of microirrigation on Florida horticulture.
Hochmuth, G.J.; Locascio, S.J.; Crocker, T.E.; Stanley, C.D.;
Clark, G.A.; Parsons, L.R.
Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science,
c1991-; 1993 Apr.
HortTechnology v. 3 (2): p. 223-229; 1993 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Cabt; Citrus; Ornamental plants;
Vegetables; Fruit crops; Horticultural crops; Microirrigation;
Water conservation
110 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
Implementing CIMIS at the farm level: a grower's experience in
walnuts.
Fulton, A.E.; Beede, R.H.; Phene, R.C.
Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of
California; 1991 Sep.
California agriculture v. 45 (5): p. 38-40; 1991 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Water requirements; Water
conservation; Irrigation; Crop production; Profits; Yields
111 NAL Call. No.: 80 P382
The importance of reducing water use and runoff.
Grumbine, A.
Ambler, Pa. : Pennsylvania Flower Growers; 1990 Mar.
Bulletin - Pennsylvania flower growers (398): p. 3-4; 1990
Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water pollution; Irrigation water; Water use;
Leaching; Runoff; Pollution by agriculture; Water conservation
112 NAL Call. No.: 80 G85W
Improve water penetration.
Stockwin, W.
Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Pub. Co; 1988 Apr.
Western fruit grower v. 108 (4): p. 36A-36B. ill; 1988 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Prunus amygdalus; Plant production;
Cultural methods; Irrigation; Irrigated conditions; Soil
compaction; Water use efficiency; Discing; Water absorption
113 NAL Call. No.: TD428.A37T695 1989
An increasing block-rate pricing program to motivate water
conservation and
drain water reduction.
Wichelns, D.; Cone, D.
Denver, Colo. : U.S. Committee on Irrigation and Drainage;
1989.
Toxic substances in agricultural water supply and drainage :
an int
environ
perspective : papers from the Second Pan-American Regional
Conf of
the Int
Commission on Irrigation and Drainage, Ottawa, Canada, June
8-9, 1989. p.
137-147; 1989. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Subsurface drainage; Drainage water;
Water pollution; Pollution by agriculture; Salt; Selenium;
Concentration; Water conservation; Irrigation; Water; Prices;
Irrigation requirements; Crops
114 NAL Call. No.: 292.9 AM34
An index for measuring the performance of irrigation
management
systems with
an application.
Seckler, D.; Sampath, R.K.; Raheja, S.K.
Minneapolis, Minn. : American Water Resources Association;
1988
Aug.
Water resources bulletin v. 24 (4): p. 855-860; 1988 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Water management; Irrigation systems;
Performance; Efficiency; Evaluation; Measurement; Performance
indexes; Management by objectives
115 NAL Call. No.: 80 J825
Influence of daily intermittent drip irrigation on avocado
(cv.
Fuerte) fruit
yield and trunk growth.
Adato, I.; Levinson, B.
Ashford : Headley Brothers Ltd; 1988 Oct.
The Journal of horticultural science v. 63 (4): p. 675-685;
1988
Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Persea Americana; Fruit; Yields; Trunks;
Growth; Trickle irrigation; Irrigation scheduling; Yield
response functions; Evaporation; Water use efficiency; Water
balance
116 NAL Call. No.: SB218.J67
Influence of seasonal irrigation amount on sugarbeet yield and
quality.
Winter, S.R.
Fort Collins, Colo. : American Society of Sugar Beet
Technologists, Office of
the Secretary; 1988.
Journal of sugar beet research v. 25 (1): p. 1-10; 1988.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Beta vulgaris; Irrigation requirements;
Irrigation scheduling; Seasonal variation; Water use
efficiency; Evapotranspiration; Soil water content; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Clay loam soils; Crop yield; Roots; Plant
composition; Chemical composition; Sucrose; Purity; Crop
quality; Sugar extraction quality; Molasses
117 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Innovative irrigation techniques in nursery production to
reduce
water usage.
Kabashima, J.N.
Alexandria, Va. : The American Society for Horticultural
Science; 1993 Apr.
HortScience : a publication of the American Society for
Horticultural Science
v. 28 (4): p. 291-293; 1993 Apr. Paper presented at the
colloquium
"Politics
of water use and its effects on water research of
horticultural
crops," held
at the 87th ASHS Annual Meeting, Nov. 8, 1990, Tucson,
Arizona.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cabt; Nurseries; Crop production;
Irrigation; Techniques; Innovations; Water use; Water
conservation; Case studies
118 NAL Call. No.: 286.8 N47M
Investment in water saving technology on horticultural farms.
Mallawaarachchi, T.; Hall, N.; Phillips, B.
Armidale : Australian Agricultural Economics Society, Inc;
1992
Aug.
Review of marketing and agricultural economics v. 60 (2,pt.1):
p.
191-204; 1992 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; Citrus; Grapes; Crop
enterprises; Irrigated farming; Investment; Water
conservation; Technology
119 NAL Call. No.: 100 UT1F
Irrigate to conserve water.
Logan, Utah : The Station; 1990.
Utah Science - Utah Agricultural Experiment Station v. 50 (4):
p.
154-155.
ill; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation scheduling; Irrigation water; Water
conservation; Guidelines
120 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Irrigation and plant spacing effects on seed production of
buffalo
and coyote
gourds.
Nelson, J.M.; Scheerens, J.C.; McGriff, T.L.; Gathman, A.C.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1988 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 80 (1): p. 60-65; 1988 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cucurbita foetidissima; Cucurbita; Oilseeds; Seed
production; Row spacing; Irrigation requirements; Water use
efficiency; Xerophytes; Crop yield; Yield response functions
Abstract: Buffalo gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima HBK) and
coyote gourd (Cucurbita digitata Gray) are xerophytic
perennial cucurbits with potential as oilseed or starch crops
for arid and semiarid lands. This study investigated
irrigation and plant spacing effects on growth, water
requirements, and oilseed production of these species.
Irrigation of first-season buffalo gourds planted in 1981 at a
610-m elevation site on Pima clay loam [fine-silty, mixed
(calcareous) thermic typic Torrifluvent], and irrigation and
plant spacing were evaluated on first-season buffalo and
coyote gourds at a 360-m site in 1983 on Casa Grande sandy
loam (fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Natrargid) and
Trix clay-clay loam [fine-loamy, mixed (calcareous),
hyperthermic Typic Torrifluvent], respectively. Irrigation and
plant spacing were evaluated on second-season buffalo gourds
planted in 1983. Irrigation did not affect first-season
buffalo gourd yields. Second-season yields were reduced by
irrigating when the available soil water was 75% depleted (I2)
compared to irrigating when soil water was 50% depleted (I1).
Coyote gourd yields were reduced by the I2 treatment in 1983
but not in 1984. Consumptive water use for first season
buffalo gourds in the I1 treatment at the 610- and 360-m sites
was 870 and 645 mm, respectively. Consumptive water use was
similar for coyote and buffalo gourds at the 360-m site. In
the first season, these species derived up to 50% of water
used from the top 0.4 m of soil, and extracted water to a
depth of at least 2.6 m. Irrigation did not affect water-use
efficiency (WUE) of either species. Buffalo gourds had higher
WUE in the second season (0.09 kg seed m.3 water) than the
first season (0.04 kg m.3). Plant spacings of 0.25 to 2 m in
1-m spaced rows had no effect on first-season yield in 1983
but in 1984 a quadratic relationship indicated that the
closest and widest spacings reduced yields. Coyote gourd
cosistently out-yielded buffalo gourd at the 360-m site.
Although
121 NAL Call. No.: SB435.5.A645
Irrigation benefits from new technology.
Hartin, J.; Pittenger, D.
Van Nuys, Calif. : Gold Trade Publications; 1992 Jun.
Arbor age v. 12 (6): p. 27-28; 1992 Jun.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trees; Irrigation; Landscape gardening; Urban
areas; Irrigation scheduling; Water use efficiency
122 NAL Call. No.: S671.A38
Irrigation costs for tomato production in Florida.
Pitts, D.J.; Smajstrla, A.G.; Haman, D.Z.; Clark, G.A.
Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1990.
Agricultural engineering fact sheet - Florida Cooperative
Extension
Service
(74): 4 p.; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Lycopersicon esculentum; Irrigation;
Costs; Water use efficiency; Irrigation systems; Subsurface
irrigation; Irrigation channels; Trickle irrigation; Cost
benefit analysis
123 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Irrigation effects on water use, and production of tap roots
and
starch of
buffalo gourd.
Nelson, J.M.; Scheerens, J.C.; Bucks, D.A.; Berry, J.W.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1989 May.
Agronomy journal v. 81 (3): p. 439-442; 1989 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Cucurbita foetidissima; Starch crops;
Root crops; Water use efficiency; Semiarid climates;
Irrigation requirements; Irrigation scheduling; Water stress;
Crop yield; Crop quality; Starch; Root systems; Growth rate
Abstract: The buffalo gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima HBK) is a
possible new root starch crop for semiarid regions.
Information on water use relationships of this species is
needed to determine its suitability for arid lands
agriculture. The objective of this study was to assess the
influence of water management on buffalo gourd tap root
production and water use. Five irrigation levels were
evaluated for an annual buffalo gourd crop in 1985 and 1986 at
a 360-m elevation field site on Casa Grande sandy loam (fine-
loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Natrargid) using plant
populations of 400 000 to 450 000 plants ha-1. Irrigating at
50% available soil water (ASW) content (I1) gave higher fresh
tap root yields than irrigating at 75% ASW (I2) (27.8 vs. 24.1
Mg ha-1) in 1985 with identical starch yields. In 1986 the I2
treatment was higher than the I1 treatment in starch yield
(3.1 vs. 2.1 Mg ha-1) and tap root starch concentration (47.5
vs. 38.1%). Vines of water stressed plants (I2) grew rapidly
when irrigated. Consumptive water use was 649 and 487 mm in I1
and I2, respectively. Peak consumptive use rates were less
than 6.5 mm d-1. As much as 48% of seasonal water use was from
the 0 to 0.4 m soil depth. Water was extracted to a depth of
2.6m. The I2 treatment had the highest water-use efficiency
(WUE), 4.9 kg m-3, for fresh root production. The WUE for
starch production was higher for the I2 treatment (0.62KG m-3)
than the I1 treatment (0.42 kg m-3). Irrigation scheduling to
provide moderate stress reduces buffalo gourd water use
without reducing starch yield, increasing its potential as a
semiarid starch crop.
124 NAL Call. No.: aS619.E34A9
Irrigation efficiency and regional subsurface drain flow on
the
west side of
the San Joaquin Valley final report on contract B56488.
Ayars, James E.; Schrale, Gerrit
California, Office of Water Conservation, Panoche Water and
Drainage District
(Calif.),Water Management Research Laboratory (U.S.)
Fresno, CA : Water Management Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS,
[1990?]; 1990.
ix, 120 leaves : ill., maps ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical
references
(leaves 118-119).
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation efficiency; Subsurface drainage;
Water, Underground
125 NAL Call. No.: 100 UT1F
Irrigation for highest profits.
Logan, Utah : The Station; 1990.
Utah Science - Utah Agricultural Experiment Station v. 50 (4):
p.
171-172; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Utah; Irrigation scheduling; Irrigation water;
Water conservation; Cost benefit analysis; Yield response
functions; Medicago sativa
126 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM3PS (IR)
Irrigation in Midwest: lessons from Illinois.
Bowman, J.A.; Simmons, F.W.; Kimpel, B.C.
New York, N.Y. : American Society of Civil Engineers; 1991
Sep.
Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering v. 117 (5): p.
700-715; 1991
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Irrigation; Irrigation water; Water
use; Water use efficiency; Irrigation scheduling; Zea mays;
Glycine max; Evapotranspiration; Rhizosphere; Field capacity;
Soil types; Climatic factors
127 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
Irrigation management of soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merrill]
in a
semi-arid
tropical environment. II. Effect of irrigation frequency on
soil
and plant
water status and crop water use.
Garside, A.L.; Lawn, R.J.; Muchow, R.C.; Byth, D.E.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization; 1992.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 43 (5): p.
1019-1032; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Western australia; Glycine max; Irrigation;
Frequency; Plant water relations; Semiarid zones; Soil water;
Tropics; Water use efficiency
128 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990
Irrigation management service's role in improving irrigation
water
use in
Arizona.
Haynes, C.A.; Ekholt, B.A.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1990.
Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National
Irrigation Symposium
held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International
Irrigation
Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza,
Phoenix, Arizona.
p. 61-63; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Irrigation; Water management; Water use
efficiency
129 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N6N62
Irrigation management strategies to improve water- & energy-
use
efficiencies.
Evans, R.O.; Sneed, R.E.; Hunt, J.H.
Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North
Carolina
State
University (452-5): 8 p.; 1991 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Irrigation systems; Efficiency;
Statistics; Water management; Water conservation; Energy
conservation
130 NAL Call. No.: S612.I756
Irrigation of seed carrots on a sandy loam soil.
Ayars, J.E.; Hutmacher, R.B.; Steiner, J.J.; Mantel, A.B.;
Vail, S.S.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1991.
Irrigation science v. 12 (4): p. 193-198; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Daucus carota; Seed production;
Trickle irrigation; Irrigation scheduling; Water requirements;
Water use; Soil water content; Crop yield; Seeds; Water use
efficiency
Abstract: Little research has been reported which quantifies
the response of a carrot (Daucus carrota L. var sativa DC.)
seed crop to water management. While the area of seed
production of this crop in the United States is less than 3
000 ha, the return ranges from US $2 000 to $10 000 ha-1.
Because of the need to mature and dry the seed on the plant,
carrot seed is generally grown in areas with negligible summer
rain and thus depends on irrigation to supply the crop water
requirement. A study was conducted to determine the effect of
irrigation water management on seed production and crop water
use of carrots grown by the root-to-seed method. Two carrot
types (Nantes and Imperator) were evaluated in 9 irrigation
treatments over a three year study period. Irrigation
treatments which replaced a percentage of the calculated crop
evapotranspiration on either a daily basis or when a soil
water depletion reached 30 mm were used. A trickle irrigation
system with the laterals placed on the carrot bed was used to
apply a uniform and accurate amount of water. There was a
marked difference in the crop response to the water management
of the two carrot types used. The Nantes type exhibited a
positive response to moderate water deficits in terms of
improved pure live seed (PLS) yield while the Imperator
achieved its maximum yield when it was not stressed. Higher
irrigation applications in the Nantes type resulted in reduced
yields while the Imperator was not affected after its non-
stress water requirement was met. Soil water data indicated
that the most active zone of extraction of water was to a
depth of 1.5 m in the soil profile. As the depth of applied
water approached the crop water requirement, the depth of
extraction was reduced. Increasing the frequency of irrigation
also tended to reduce the depth of extraction of soil water. A
total crop water use of approximately 550 to 620 mm was needed
to achieve the best PLS yield which is roughly equal to
potential evapotranspiration in th
131 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990
Irrigation policy by non-agriculturalists.
Moore, R.E.; Downing, J.D.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1990.
Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National
Irrigation Symposium
held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International
Irrigation
Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza,
Phoenix, Arizona.
p.
322-329; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; California; Irrigation; Land ownership;
Water conservation
132 NAL Call. No.: 100 T31M
Irrigation pumping plant efficiences--High Plains and Trans-
Pecos
areas of
Texas.
New, L.; Schneider, A.D.
College Station, Tex. : The Station; 1988 Mar.
Miscellaneous publication MP - Texas Agricultural Experiment
Station (1643): 6
p.; 1988 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Irrigation equipment; Thermal efficiency;
Energy requirements; Pumps
133 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66
Irrigation pumpset efficiency in developing countries: field
measurements in
Pakistan.
Reinemann, D.J.; Khalid, M.; Kah, G.F.; Saqib, G.S.
St. Joseph, MI : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,
1985-; 1993 Jan.
Applied engineering in agriculture v. 9 (1): p. 141-145; 1993
Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pakistan; Cabt; Irrigation systems; Pumps;
Efficiency; Energy consumption
Abstract: The mechanical efficiency of 132 privately owned
irrigation pumpsets in Pakistan was measured The average
overall efficiency was 54 and 48% of the Nebraska Pumping
Plant Performance Criteria (NPPPC) for electric and diesel
powered centrifugal pumpsets, respectively. Forty-four
pumpsets were improved using local technology. This article
presents details and results of this project.
134 NAL Call. No.: S619.S33I77 1989
Irrigation scheduling a guide for efficient on-farm water
management.
Goldhamer, David Alan; Snyder, Richard L.
University of California (System), Division of Agriculture and
Natural
Resources
Oakland : Calif. : University of California, Division of
Agriculture and
Natural Resources,; 1989.
iv, 67 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. (Publication (University of
California
(System). Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources) ;
21454.).
Includes bibliographical references. (p. 65-67).
Language:
English Descriptors: Irrigation water; Irrigation efficiency;
Irrigation scheduling
135 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3
Irrigation scheduling of rice with a crop growth simulation
model.
Rao, N.H.; Rees, D.H.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1992.
Agricultural systems v. 39 (2): p. 115-132; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sri lanka; Oryza sativa; Irrigation scheduling;
Growth models; Simulation models; Crop production; Rain;
Utilization; Water conservation; Water supply; Seasonal
variation; Soil water balance; Crop yield; Validity; Double
cropping; Wet season; Dry season
136 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68
Irrigation scheduling programs for cabbage and zucchini
squash.
Ells, J.E.; McSay, A.E.; Kruse, E.G.
Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science,
c1991-; 1993 Oct.
HortTechnology v. 3 (4): p. 448-453; 1993 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cucurbita pepo; Brassica oleracea var. capitata;
Irrigation scheduling; Water use efficiency; Computer
software; Computer analysis
137 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N6N62
Irrigation scheduling to improve water- and energy-use
efficiencies.
Evans, R.O.; Sneed, R.E.; Cassel, D.K.
Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North
Carolina
State
University (452-4): 10 p.; 1991 Jun. In subseries: Water &
Energy
Efficiency
in Irrigation. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Irrigation scheduling; Energy
conservation; Water conservation; Soil water content; Plant
effects; Rain; Tensiometers
138 NAL Call. No.: SB469.G76
Irrigation: strategies to minimize water use.
Burger, D.W.
Novato, CA : Cooperative Extension; 1992 Aug.
Growing points - University of California Cooperative
Extension v.
29 (1): p.
2-3; 1992 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation; Water conservation; Irrigation
systems
139 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1373
Irrigation the key to effective water management.. Key to
effective water
management No water... no future
Irrigation Association
Arlington, Va. : The Association ; Fairfax, Va. : Media
Communications Corp., [1988?]; 1988.
1 videocassette (16 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. Title from
cassette label.
Title on container: No water... no future. 3M0490.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation; Water conservation
Abstract: Provides a basic understanding of the vital role
irrigation plays in our lives. Teaches how to use new
technologies to aid us in utilizing water conservatively.
140 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM3PS (IR)
Irrigation uniformity relationships for irrigation system
management.
Clemmens, A.J.
New York, N.Y. : American Society of Civil Engineers; 1991
Sep.
Journal of irrigation and drainage engineering v. 117 (5): p.
682-699; 1991
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Surface irrigation; Trickle irrigation; Sprinkler
irrigation; Irrigation water; Application to land;
Infiltration; Depth; Irrigation requirements; Water use
efficiency; Decision making; Distribution; Variance
141 NAL Call. No.: 81 C1293
Irrigation uniformity saves water.
Engle, M.M.
San Francisco, Calif. : Pacific Horticultural Foundation;
1988.
Pacific horticulture v. 49 (3): p. 19-21. ill; 1988.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water conservation; Irrigation systems
142 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Irrigation water management for guar seed production.
Alexander, W.L.; Bucks, D.A.; Backhaus, R.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1988 May.
Agronomy journal v. 80 (3): p. 447-453; 1988 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cyamopsis tetragonoloba; Irrigation water; Water
management; Seed production; Irrigation scheduling; Water use
efficiency; Cultivars; Sandy loam soils; Evapotranspiration;
Plant density; Crop yield
143 NAL Call. No.: HC59.7.A1W6
Issues in irrigation pricing in developing countries.
Sampath, R.K.
Tarrytown, N.Y. : Pergamon Press, Inc; 1992 Jul.
World development v. 20 (7): p. 967-977; 1992 Jul. Literature
review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Developing countries; Asia; Irrigation water;
Water costs; Use efficiency; Recovery; Cost analysis; Marginal
analysis; Development projects; Government; Role perception
144 NAL Call. No.: 100 T31S (1)
Landscape water conservation--Xeriscape.
Welsh, D.F.; Welch, W.C.; Duble, R.L.
College Station, Tex. : The Station; 1990 Aug.
B - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station v.): 12 p.; 1990
Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Landscape gardening; Irrigation; Water
conservation
145 NAL Call. No.: 100 T31S (1)
LEPA conversion and management.
New, L.; Fipps, G.
College Station, Tex. : The Station; 1990 Oct.
B - Texas Agricultural Experiment Station (1691): 8 p.; 1990
Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Center pivot irrigation; Irrigation
equipment
146 NAL Call. No.: KF27.I5474 1988c
Lining the All-American Canal oversight hearing before the
Subcommittee on
Water and Power Resources of the Committee on Interior and
Insular
Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress,
second session
... hearing
held in Washington, DC, February 23, 1988.. Lining the All
American Canal
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and
Insular
Affairs.
Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources
Washington, [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of
Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1989; Y 4.In
8/14:100-55.
vii, 370 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm. Distributed to some
depository
libraries in
microfiche. Serial no. 100-55. Includes bibliographical
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation canals and flumes; United States;
Linings; Water conservation; United States
147 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Long Island vegetable production: research and implementation
programs to
reduce water usage.
Wilcox, D.
Alexandria, Va. : The American Society for Horticultural
Science; 1993 Apr.
HortScience : a publication of the American Society for
Horticultural Science
v. 28 (4): p. 293-294; 1993 Apr. Paper presented at the
colloquium
"Politics
of water use and its effects on water research of
horticultural
crops," held
at the 87th ASHS Annual Meeting, Nov. 8, 1990, Tucson,
Arizona.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New York; Cabt; Vegetables; Crop production;
Water use efficiency; Irrigation water; Water conservation;
Irrigation scheduling; Trickle irrigation
148 NAL Call. No.: S1.T49
Low energy precision application irrigation for cotton
production
in the Texas
Southern High Plains.
Hill, K.; Segarra, E.; Ervin, R.T.; Lyle, W.M.
Canyon, Tex. : The Consortium; 1990.
Texas journal of agriculture and natural resources : a
publication
of the
Agricultural Consortium of Texas v. 4: p. 40-42; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium hirsutum; Irrigation systems;
Water use efficiency; Energy conservation; Water management;
Sprinkler irrigation; Water conservation; Labor costs;
Maintenance; Cost benefit analysis
149 NAL Call. No.: SB245.B42
Low energy precision application (LEPA) and multifunction
irrigation systems.
Lyle, W.M.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council; 1988.
Proceedings of the...Beltwide Cotton Production Conference. p.
32-36; 1988.
Meeting held January 3-8, 1988, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Irrigation systems; Sprinkler
irrigation; Application methods; Accuracy; Crop yield;
Pesticide application
150 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32
Low volume spring developments.
Northup, B.K.; Goerend, D.T.; Hays, D.M.; Nicholson, R.A.
Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1989 Feb.
Rangelands v. 11 (1): p. 39-41. ill; 1989 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Livestock; Rangelands; Range management;
Water troughs; Appropriate technology; Water use efficiency;
Cost analysis
151 NAL Call. No.: 1.98 AG84
Lower water pressure, less water waste.
Comis, D.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1992 May.
Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research
Service v. 40 (5): p. 23; 1992 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Irrigation systems; Lysimeters; Nozzles;
Calibration; Water conservation
152 NAL Call. No.: S451.P4P45
Make every drop count.
Pruyne, R.
University Park, Pa. : Pennsylvania State University; 1992.
PennState agriculture. p. 14-19; 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: Greenhouses; Irrigation systems; Water use; Water
conservation
153 NAL Call. No.: HC59.7.A1W6
The management of irrigation systems: How to evoke trust and
avoid
prisoners'
dilemma.
Wade, R.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1988 Apr.
World development v. 16 (4): p. 489-500; 1988 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; East asia; Irrigation scheduling; Water
use efficiency; Farmers' attitudes; Authority; Law
enforcement; Climatic factors; Canals
154 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Management strategies for maximum cotton production on the
southern
High
Plains of Texas. III. Water use and water use efficiency
considerations.
Gertsis, A.C.; Krieg, D.R.; Hatfield, J.L.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council and The Cotton
Foundation; 1988.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences.
p.
73-75; 1988.
Conference held on January 3-8, 1988, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Loam soils; Sandy soils; Clay soils;
Gossypium; Row spacing; Irrigated conditions; Water use
efficiency; Evapotranspiration; Crop yield; Lint; Simulation
models
155 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Management strategies for maximum cotton production on the
southern
High
Plains of Texas. IV. Canopy gas exchange.
Peng, S.; Krieg, D.R.; Gertsis, A.C.; Hopkins, H.J.; Hatfield,
J.L.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council and The Cotton
Foundation; 1988.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences.
p.
76-77; 1988.
Conference held on January 3-8, 1988, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Clay soils; Loam soils; Gossypium; Canopy;
Gas exchange; Photosynthesis; Irrigated conditions; Water use
efficiency; Row spacing; Evapotranspiration; Irrigation
scheduling
156 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66
Managing the water balance of The Fayoum Depression, Egypt.
Wolters, W.; Ghobrial, N.S.; Leeuwen, H.M. van; Bos, M.G.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1989.
Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v.
3
(2): p.
103-123. maps; 1989. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Egypt; Irrigated sites; Irrigation systems; Water
balance; Irrigation water; Water use efficiency; Lakes; Water
management
157 NAL Call. No.: HD101.S6
A microcomputer model for irrigation system evaluation.
Williams, J.R.; Buller, O.H.; Dvorak, G.J.; Manges, H.L.
Experiment, Ga. : The Association; 1988 Jul.
Southern journal of agricultural economics - Southern
Agricultural
Economics
Association v. 20 (1): p. 145-151; 1988 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Irrigation systems; Computer software;
Water use efficiency; Microcomputers; Operating costs; Pumps;
Water table
158 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
The Missouri extension approach to irrigation scheduling.
Pfost, D.L.; Thompson, A.L.; Honeycutt, S.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1990.
Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (90-7015):
11
p.; 1990.
Paper presented at The 1990 International Summer Meeting
sponsored
by the
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, June 24-27, 1990,
Columbus Ohio.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Missouri; Irrigation; Water conservation
159 NAL Call. No.: aS622.S6
Mobile labs help farmers conserve water.
Greenberg, A.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1992 Jul.
Soil & water conservation news - U.S. Deptartment of
Agriculture, Soil
Conservation Service v. 13 (2): p. 9-10; 1992 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Irrigation; Irrigation water; Water
conservation; Water use efficiency; Improvement; Crop
production
160 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68
Monitoring irrigation at container nurseries.
Fare, D.C.; Gilliam, C.H.; Keever, G.J.
Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1992
Jan.
HortTechnology v. 2 (1): p. 75-78; 1992 Jan. Proceedings of
the
Short Course
" Drip Irrigation of Vegetable Crops" held at the 88th ASHS
Annual
Meeting, July 25, 1991, Pennsylvania State University,
University Park.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nurseries; Container grown plants; Irrigation
systems; Overhead irrigation; Spatial distribution; Water use
efficiency
161 NAL Call. No.: S624.C2S64
New irrigation strategies help wine-grape growers cope with
limited
water
supplies.
Prichard, T.L.; Verdegaal, P.; Smith, R.
Oakland, Calif. : Cooperative Extension, University of
California; 1991.
Soil and water (80): p. 1, 4; 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vitis; Irrigation; Yields; Water use efficiency;
Water stress
162 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Nonionic surfactant and supplemental irrigation of soybean on
crusting soils.
McCauley, G.N.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (1): p. 17-21; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Glycine max; Crop yield; Seeds; Nonionic
surfactants; Sprinkler irrigation; Phosphorus fertilizers;
Potassium fertilizers; Use efficiency; Application rates;
Adjuvants; Crusts; Hydrophobicity
Abstract: Agricultural land use in much of the Texas Coastal
Prairie consists of 1 yr of rice (Oryza sativa L.) followed by
2 to 4 yr of native pasture. Replacing some of the native
pasture with a cultivated rotational crop could benefit the
area's agricultural base by reducing fixed costs and aiding
pest management. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] fits the
crop rotation system well but yields are highly variable and
marginally economical. Research was initiated in 1985 near
Eagle Lake, TX, to evaluate the potential of a nonionic
surfactant and supplemental irrigation to increase and
stabilize soybean yields on the Nada soil (fine loamy,
silicous, hyperthermic Typic Albaqualf). In addition the
effect of the surfactant and irrigation on P and K fertilizer
efficiency was evaluated. The nonionic surfactant (Amway ASPA
80, Amway Corp., Ada, MI) was injected through a lateral-move
irrigation system at 0.00, 0.36, 0.71, and 1.42 L ha-1 during
a 7 mm irrigation. Adjuvant rate, repeated adjuvant
applications within 1 yr and over 3 yr, and P and K at the
recommended and half the recommended rates were evaluated.
Supplemental irrigation was applied so irrigation plus
rainfall equalled 19 mm wk-1. No measurable yield differences
between P and K rates were detected. The adjuvant at 0.36 L
ha-1 increased soybean yields 37% above the check. Adjuvant at
the 0.71 and 1.42 L ha-1 rate decreased yield from the 0.36 L
ha-1 rate. No phytotoxicity was observed. Multiple adjuvant
applications during 1 yr, and repeated applications to the
same area over years, had no additional beneficial yield
effect.
163 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
On the econmics of cotton conservation tillage with low energy
precision
application irrigation.
Triplett, C.M.; Pegarra, E.; Lyle, W.M.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences
v. 1:
p.
431-435; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Conservation tillage; Irrigation
164 NAL Call. No.: TC401.W27
On the rationalization of water management for food
production.
Jermar, M.K.
Hingham, Mass. : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1990.
Water resources management v. 4 (3): p. 205-217; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water management; Irrigated farming;
Optimization; Irrigation systems; Food crops; Crop yield;
Cropping systems; Crop production; Irrigation requirements;
Water use efficiency; Irrigation scheduling; Equations
165 NAL Call. No.: S619.E34O66 1988
Opportunities for drainage water reduction.
University of California (System), Committee of Consultants on
Drainage Water
Reduction, University of California (System),
Salinity/Drainage
Task Force, California Water Resources Center
Davis, Calif.? : The Task Force : The Center,; 1988.
28 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. (Drainage, salinity, and toxic
constituents ; no.
1). Cover title. January 1988. Includes bibliographical
references (leaves
27-28).
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Irrigation efficiency; Irrigation water;
Drainage; Agricultural pollution
166 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Optimal deficit irrigation management.
Severin, M.A.; Martin, D.L.; Supalla, R.J.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection)
(fiche no.
88-2512): 29 p. ill; 1988. Paper presented at the 1988 Winter
Meeting of the
American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for
purchase
from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles
Road, St.
Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616)
429-0300
for
information and prices. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation scheduling; Water stress; Water
conservation; Dynamic programming; Water use efficiency; Water
allocation; Decision making; Models
167 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27P
Optimal irrigation management under conditions of limited
water
supply.
Bernardo, D.J.; Whittlesey, N.K.; Saxton, K.E.; Bassett, D.L.
Pullman, Wash. : The Service; 1988 May.
Extension bulletin - Washington State University, Cooperative
Extension
Service (1498): 28 p.; 1988 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Irrigation systems; Water
conservation; Irrigation scheduling; Water allocation;
Computer analysis; Models
168 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 W295
Optimal reservoir operation for irrigation of multiple crops.
Vedula, S.; Mujumdar, P.P.
Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union; 1992 Jan.
Water resources research v. 28 (1): p. 1-9; 1992 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Karnataka; Multiple cropping; Water reservoirs;
Irrigation requirements; Irrigation scheduling; Water
availability; Water allocation; Crop growth stage; Water use
efficiency; Decision making; Mathematical models
Abstract: A model for the optimal operating policy of a
reservoir for irrigation under a multiple crops scenario using
stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) is developed.
Intraseasonal periods smaller than the crop growth stage
durations form the decision intervals of the model to
facilitate irrigation decisions in real situations. Reservoir
storage, inflow to the reservoir, and the soil moisture in the
irrigated area are treated as state variables. An optimal
allocation process is incorporated in the model to determine
the allocations to individual crops when a competition for
water exists among them. The model also serves as an
irrigation scheduling model in that at any given intraseason
period it specifies whether irrigation is needed and, if it
is, the amount of irrigation to be applied to each crop. The
impact on crop yield due to water deficit and the effect of
soil moisture dynamics on crop water requirements are taken
into account. A linear root growth of the crop is assumed
until the end of the vegetative stage, beyond which the root
depth is assumed to be constant. The applicability of the
model is demonstrated through a case study of an existing
reservoir in India.
169 NAL Call. No.: HC79.P55J6
Optimization of inputs in a spatially variable natural
resource:
unconditional
vs. conditional analysis.
Feinerman, E.; Bresler, E.; Dagan, G.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1989 Sep.
Journal of environmental economics and management v. 17 (2):
p.
140-154; 1989
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation water; Fields; Spatial variation; Use
efficiency; Information; Stochastic models; Optimization;
Risk; Decision making; Yields
Abstract: Stochastic optimization of inputs in a spatially
variable natural resource is studied, with special emphasis
placed on the problem faced by a risk-averse decision maker
(DM): how to use, in the best possible way, the given body of
information, which is embodied in one realization of the
relevant measurements. Two approaches, unconditional and
conditional, are investigated and compared. The unconditional
and the conditional stochastic optimization problems are
defined and an illustrative numerical example is given. The
principal conclusion drawn is that the conditional analysis
has the potential to increase the DM's welfare substantially,
as compared with the unconditional one.
170 NAL Call. No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Ornamental plant growth responses to different application
rates of
reclaimed
water.
Parnell, J.R.
S.l. : The Society; 1990 May.
Proceedings of the ... annual meeting of the Florida State
Horticulture
Society v. 102: p. 89-92; 1990 May. Proceedings held October
31-November 2, 1989, Tampa, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Ornamental plants; Responses; Irrigation
requirements; Irrigation water; Application rates; Water
conservation
171 NAL Call. No.: 292.9 AM34
Patterns and trends in irrigation efficiency.
Thompson, S.A.
Minneapolis, Minn. : American Water Resources Association;
1988
Feb.
Water resources bulletin v. 24 (1): p. 57-63. maps; 1988 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Water use efficiency; Irrigation;
Agricultural land; Project appraisal; Crops; Water
requirements; Surveys
172 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66
Performance of LEPA equipment on center pivot machines.
Buchleiter, G.W.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1992 Sep.
Applied engineering in agriculture v. 8 (5): p. 631-637; 1992
Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Center pivot irrigation; Self propelled
irrigation systems; Application methods; Performance testing
Abstract: The performance of LEPA equipment on a center pivot
machine was evaluated at three different radii at three
different slopes. Application uniformity was best at the outer
end and poorest at the middle of the pivot mainline pipe. No
runoff occurred on 1% slope but excessive runoff occurred on
the 3% and 8% slopes. Simulations indicated performance could
be improved by constructing microbasins in the furrows.
173 NAL Call. No.: GB705.A6H9
Perils of progress--hydrogeological hazards in Las Vegas
Valley, Clark County, Nevada.
Katzer, T.; Brothers, K.
Tucson, Ariz. : American Water Resources Association; 1989.
Hydrology and water resources in Arizona and the Southwest v.
19:
p. 7-18.
ill., maps; 1989. Paper presented at the "Meetings of the
Arizona
Section
American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section
Arizona-Nevada
Academy of Science on Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona
and
the
Southwest," April 15, 1989, Las Vegas, Nevada. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nevada; Water resources; Water use; Irrigation
water; Water requirements; Water deficit; Aquifers;
Groundwater level; Historical records; Water conservation
174 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66
Photovoltaic-powered water pumping for small irrigation
systems.
Whiffen, H.J.H.; Haman, D.Z.; Baird, C.D.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1992 Sep.
Applied engineering in agriculture v. 8 (5): p. 625-629; 1992
Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Centrifugal pumps; Photovoltaic cells;
Solar energy; Microirrigation; Performance testing;
Efficiency; Economic viability
Abstract: A 374-peak watt(p,SOC) photovoltaic (pv) array was
connected through a 0.4 kW (0.5 hp) DC permanent magnet motor
to a single-stage centrifugal pump to demonstrate the water
pumping capacity of this system and to analyze the economic
competitiveness of pv power for micro-irrigation in Florida.
During the eight-month time period in which it operated, a
datalogger monitored the system's efficiencies under a variety
of climatic conditions. These data points were used to create
an irradiance dependent, empirical mathematical model of the
pv system. Ten years of solar irradiance data were applied to
this model to generate a 12-month performance curve for the
system. These daily values of water pumped were compared to
the daily potential evapotranspiration (ETp) calculated from
the same weather data using the Penman equation. Under assumed
soil conditions, the land area on which the pv system could
replace the ET, with a reliability of 0.84 was 1.06 ha (2.62
ac) for the Florida vegetable growing season (September-May).
175 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
Physiological analysis of peanut cultivar response to timing
and
duration of
drought stress.
Wright, G.C.; Hubick, K.T.; Farquhar, G.D.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization; 1991.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 42 (3): p.
453-470; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Queensland; Arachis hypogaea; Cultivars; Crop
growth stage; Growth rate; Harvest index; Irrigation; Pods;
Rain; Transpiration; Water deficit; Water stress; Water use
efficiency; Yield components; Soil types; Drought resistance
176 NAL Call. No.: QK938.D4P73
Phytomass of perko and rape on sandy soils of the arid zone
irrigated with
drainage waters.
Lalymenko, L.A.; Lalymenko, N.K.
New York, N.Y. : Allerton Press; 1988.
Problems of desert development (1): p. 89-96; 1988.
Translated
from Problemy
Osvoeniya Pustyn, 1988, No. 1, p. 83-88, (QK938.D4P7).
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Turkmen ssr; Brassica campestris; Hybrids;
Forage; Sandy soils; Dry matter; Agricultural land; Irrigated
soils; Deserts; Arid zones; Rotations; Waste water disposal;
Drainage water; Water use efficiency
177 NAL Call. No.: 80 J825
Plant water relations, canopy temperature, yield and water-use
efficiency of
watermelon Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum et Nakai under
drip
and furrow
irrigation.
Srinivas, K.; Hedge, D.M.; Havanagi, G.N.
Ashford : Headley Brothers Ltd; 1989 Jan.
The Journal of horticultural science v. 64 (1): p. 115-124;
1989
Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Citrullus lanatus; Trickle irrigation; Furrow
irrigation; Plants; Water content; Yield response functions;
Water use efficiency; Canopy; Temperature
178 NAL Call. No.: 81 L95
Plant water relations: effect on the growth of woody
ornamental
plants.
Davies, F.T. Jr
Weslaco, Tex. : The Society; 1988.
Journal of the Rio Grande Valley Horticultural Society v. 41:
p.
29-31; 1988.
This publication is not owned by the National Agricultural
Library.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ornamental plants; Woody plants; Plant water
relations; Growth; Water composition and quality; Nursery
management; Overhead irrigation; Drought resistance; Water use
efficiency
179 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 Am32T
Planting date, water management, and maturity length relations
for
irrigated
grain sorghum.
Allen, R.R.; Musick, J.T.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers
1958-; 1993
Jul.
Transactions of the ASAE v. 36 (4): p. 1123-1129; 1993 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Cabt; Sorghum bicolor; Irrigation;
Hybrids; Planting date; Water management; Water use
efficiency; Evapotranspiration
Abstract: Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] is
produced under widely varying planting dates and irrigation
management in the Southern High Plains. This study was
conducted to determine optimum planting date and maturity
length hybrid under varying irrigation levels. The effects of
medium and medium-late maturity sorghum hybrids on yield,
water use, and water use efficiency (WUE) were investigated
for three irrigation regimes; no post-plant irrigation,
limited irrigation (one or two growing season applications),
and adequate irrigation (three or four growing season
applications). Planting dates were from early May through late
June of 1989, 1990, and 1991 at Bushland, Texas. Grain yields
averaged highest (about 8.9 Mg/ha) for both hybrids under
adequate irrigation when planted near 23 May. When planting
very early (near 5 May) with adequate irrigation, the medium-
late hybrid was slightly more productive than the medium
hybrid, but when planting in June, the medium hybrid was
slightly more productive. With limited irrigation, the medium
hybrid was slightly more productive (yield of 7.2 Mg/ha and
WUE of 1.3 kg/m3) than the medium-late hybrid (yield of 6.9
Mg/ha and WUE of 1.2 kg/m3). Under a major soil-water deficit
without any post-plant irrigations, the medium hybrid was more
productive. With planting dates in May and adequate
irrigation, either maturity-length hybrid would give
acceptable performance. When planting in June, a medium hybrid
would be acceptable for both limited and adequate irrigation
management.
180 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Poinsettia irrigation based on evaporative demand and plant
growth
characteristics.
Stanley, C.D.; Harbaugh, B.K.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1989
Dec.
HortScience v. 24 (6): p. 937-939; 1989 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Euphorbia pulcherrima; Irrigation requirements;
Irrigation scheduling; Evapotranspiration; Water conservation;
Capillary irrigation; Mathematical models; Prediction
181 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Potential benefits of controlled-subdrainage in humid regions
of
the U.S.
Fouss, J.L.; Rogers, J.S.; Carter, C.E.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection)
(fiche no.
88-2105): 15 p. ill; 1988. Paper presented at the 1988 Summer
Meeting of the
American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for
purchase
from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles
Road, St.
Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616)
429-0300
for
information and prices. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Subsurface drainage; Rain; Water use;
Efficiency; Water table; Water management; Subsurface
irrigation; Computer simulation
182 NAL Call. No.: 21.5 Z15
Proucevanje ucinkovitosti delovanja drenaznih filtrov z modeli
[A
model study
of the efficiency of drainage permeable backfill].
Petrac, M.; Maticic, B.
Ljubljana : Fakulteta; 1988.
Zbornik Biotehniske fakultete univerze Edvarda Kardelja v
Ljubljani
:
Kmetijstvo; Research reports, Biotechnical Faculty, University
Edvarda Kardelj
of Ljubljana : Agricultural issue (51): p. 89-93. ill; 1988.
Includes references.
Language: Slovene
Descriptors: Yugoslavia; Drainage; Filters; Backfilling;
Efficiency; Permeability; Simulation models
183 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N6N62
Pumping plant performance evaluation.
Evans, R.O.; Hunt, J.H.; Sneed, R.E.
Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North
Carolina
State
University (452-6): 8 p.; 1991 Jun. In subseries: Water &
Energy
Efficiency
in Irrigation. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Irrigation equipment; Pumps;
Efficiency; Electric motors; Internal combustion engines;
Performance testing
184 NAL Call. No.: 10 OU8
Rainfed agriculture: water harvesting and soil water
conservation.
Laryea, K.B.
Oxon : C.A.B. International; 1992 Dec.
Outlook on agriculture v. 21 (4): p. 271-277. ill; 1992 Dec.
Special issue:
Focus on water. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil water; Water conservation; Water harvesting;
Water requirements; Irrigation; Semiarid zones; Tropics
185 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
Reducing drainwater: furrow vs. subsurface drip irrigation.
Fulton, A.E.; Oster, J.D.; Hanson, B.R.; Phene, C.J.;
Goldhamer, D.A.
Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of
California; 1991 Mar.
California agriculture v. 45 (2): p. 4-8. ill; 1991 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Water conservation; Furrow
irrigation; Subsurface irrigation; Drainage water; Gossypium
hirsutum; Crop yield; Profits; Costs
186 NAL Call. No.: S13.R6 nr.107
Regulowanie uwilgotnienia gleby za pomoca nawodnien wglebnych
[Soil moisture
control by subsurface irrigation]., Wyd. 1..
Pierzgalski, Edward
Warszawa : Wydawn. SGGW-AR,; 1990.
111 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (Rosprawy naukowe i monografie ; 107.).
Summary in
English. Includes bibliographical references (p. [100]-109).
Language: Polish
Descriptors: Irrigation efficiency; Soil moisture; Soils,
Irrigated
187 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66
The rehabilitation of an irrigation system along the Yellow
River.
Lou, P.; Hou, L.
Dordrecht : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1988.
Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v.
2
(1): p. 9-19; 1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: China; Irrigation systems; Surface water; Tube
wells; Problem analysis; Salinity; Waterlogging; Water use
efficiency; Water costs; Rivers
188 NAL Call. No.: HT401.J68
Reliance on sources of information for water-saving practices
by
irrigators in
the High Plains of the U.S.A.
Kromm, D.E.; White, S.E.
Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Journal of rural studies v. 7 (4): p. 411-421; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Southern plains states of U.S.A.; Nebraska;
Colorado; Kansas; New Mexico; Groundwater; Irrigation;
Information services; Usage; Beliefs; Farmers' attitudes;
Water conservation; Innovation adoption; Water management;
Regional surveys; Farmers; Geographical distribution; Plains;
Consultants; Universities; Experimental stations; Trade
publications
Abstract: Who do farmers trust? Irrigators in the High Plains
are confronted with a wide range of information source's with
respect to water-saving practices. From a survey of 709
irrigators in 10 countries the most widely accepted sources
are identified, regional variability or information is
examined, the role of irrigator characteristics on source
selection is determined, and the level of association between
adoption and source preference is analyzed. Differences in
irrigators' reliance on specific sources are more associated
with location than irrigator characteristics. Information
sources viewed as important by many irrigators frequently
influence adoption decisions less than sources having a wide
range of preference among irrigators. Mass media and advisor-
oriented sources are much more significantly linked to
adoption than inter-personal sources such as friends and
neighbors. The three sources that best discriminate adoption
behavior are private agricultural consulting firms, university
research stations, and trade magazines.
189 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Research of turfgrass water use in Arizona.
Mancino, C.F.
Alexandria, Va. : The American Society for Horticultural
Science; 1993 Apr.
HortScience : a publication of the American Society for
Horticultural Science
v. 28 (4): p. 290-291; 1993 Apr. Paper presented at the
colloquium
"Politics
of water use and its effects on water research of
horticultural
crops," held
at the 87th ASHS Annual Meeting, Nov. 8, 1990, Tucson,
Arizona.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Cabt; Lawns and turf; Irrigation water;
Water use; Water conservation; Water requirements; Waste
water; Application
190 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990
Reservoir-tillage and controlled-traffic practices on
irrigated
crops in humid
regions.
Hackwell, S.G.; Rochester, E.W.; Yoo, K.H.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1990.
Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National
Irrigation Symposium
held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International
Irrigation
Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza,
Phoenix, Arizona.
p. 47-53; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Irrigation systems; Tillage; Water
conservation
191 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Response of winter wheat to N and water: growth, water use,
yield
and grain
protein.
Entz, M.H.; Fowler, D.B.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1989 Oct.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
phytotechnie
v. 69 (4):
p. 1135-1147; 1989 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Triticum aestivum; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Irrigation requirements; Interactions; Cultivars;
Crop yield; Yield response functions; Grain; Protein content;
Growth rate; Varietal effects; Water use efficiency; Dry
matter accumulation
192 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
Responses of tea (Camellia sinensis) to irrigation and
fertilizer.
II. Water
use.
Stephens, W.; Carr, M.K.V.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Apr.
Experimental agriculture v. 27 (2): p. 193-210; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tanzania; Camellia sinensis; Evapotranspiration;
Highlands; Irrigation; Nitrogen fertilizers; Soil water; Water
deficit; Water use efficiency; Yield response functions;
Experimental design
193 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66
Review of irrigation system performance with respect to
initial
objectives.
Plusquellec, H.L.; McPhail, K.; Polti, C.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1990 Nov.
Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v.
4
(4): p.
313-327; 1990 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mexico; Morocco; Philippines; Thailand; Colombia;
Sudan; Gravity; Irrigation systems; Performance appraisals;
Water availability; Water use efficiency; Water distribution;
Cropping systems; Intensification; Crop yield; Returns
194 NAL Call. No.: S79 .E3
Rice levee construction and seepage losses on Sharkey clay.
Pringle, H.C. III; Street, J.E.
State College, Miss. : Mississippi State University,
Agricultural
and Forestry
Experiment Station, 1970-; 1992 Dec.
Bulletin (991): 10 p.; 1992 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Cabt; Flooded rice; Dikes; Clay
soils; Construction; Seepage; Water conservation
195 NAL Call. No.: 286.8 N47M
Salinity mitigation in the Murray River system.
Quiggin, J.
Armidale : Australian Agricultural Economics Society, Inc;
1991
Apr.
Review of marketing and agricultural economics v. 59 (1): p.
53-65; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Rivers; Salinity; Farm management;
Irrigation water; Water use efficiency; Decision making;
Production functions
196 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 UN33
Save water--automatically!.
Moore, J.F.
Far Hills, N.J. : United States Golf Association; 1991 Mar.
USGA Green Section record v. 29 (2): p. 20-21; 1991 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation water; Water conservation; Automatic
irrigation systems; Innovations
197 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Scheduling irrigations for carrots.
Kruse, E.G.; Ells, J.E.; McSay, A.E.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1990
Jun.
HortScience v. 25 (6): p. 641-644; 1990 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Colorado; Daucus carota; Irrigation scheduling;
Water use efficiency; Irrigation requirements; Crop yield;
Growth models; Computer applications
198 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Scheduling irrigations for cucumbers.
Ells, J.E.; Kruse, E.G.; McSay, A.E.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1989
Jun.
HortScience v. 24 (3): p. 448-452; 1989 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Colorado; Cucumis sativus; Irrigation scheduling;
Crop yield; Water use efficiency; Tensiometers
199 NAL Call. No.: 6 AR44
The second management plan: What's proposed for agricultural
irrigation.
Ayer, H.
Tempe, Ariz. : Arizona Farmer-Stockman; 1988 May.
Arizona farmer-stockman v. 67 (5): p. 14-16; 1988 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Groundwater; Irrigated farming; Law;
Water conservation; Cooperation; Water resource management;
Water allocation
200 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Seed yield and water-use efficiency of white lupin as
influenced by
irrigation, row spacing, and weeds.
Putnam, D.H.; Wright, J.; Field, L.A.; Ayisi, K.K.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jul.
Agronomy Journal v. 84 (4): p. 557-563; 1992 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Lupinus albus; Irrigation scheduling;
Spring; Sprinkler irrigation; Row spacing; Weeds; Crop yield;
Seeds; Protein content; Yield components; Water use
efficiency; Crude protein; Seed weight
Abstract: When grown on sandy soil, spring-seeded sweet white
lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is usually subject to moisture
stress. Late-germinating broadleaf weeds also compete with the
crop and reduce yields. The objectives of this study were to
determine the effects of five irrigation levels, two row
spacings (15 and 76 cm), and late-germinating weeds on lupin
seed yield, seed protein content, and water-use efficiency.
The cultivar Ultra was grown on a loamy sand (Udotrantic
Haploborolls) and irrigated with a line-source sprinkler
system. Full irrigation increased seed yield an average of
553% over non-irrigated controls in 1988, 229% in 1989, and
52% in 1990, but seed protein concentration was reduced 2.5 to
7.9 percentage points. Applied water-use efficiency and crude
protein applied water-use efficiency were maximized at 300 to
400 mm or less of total effective water depending upon year.
Irrigation increased lupin seed yield primarily by increasing
numbers of fertile branches and mainstem pods. Irrigation also
increased number of seeds per pod and seed weight. Lack of
late season weed control reduced yields by an average of 17%
in 1988 and 1989, and 28% in 1990. Yields from narrow rows
were 23 to 50% higher than those from wide rows. Generally,
weed count was reduced in narrow rows. Substantial benefits of
irrigation to white lupin productivity were observed on these
soils, but it is unlikely that applications of more than 350
to 400 mm of irrigation water plus rainfall would increase
seed yield or water-use efficiency for spring-sown white
lupin.
201 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 F66C
Selection of centrifugal pumping equipment.
Haman, D.Z.; Zazueta, F.S.; Izuno, F.T.
Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1992 May.
Circular - Florida Cooperative Extension Service (1048): 11
p.; 1992 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Centrifugal pumps; Irrigation systems; Capacity;
Efficiency
202 NAL Call. No.: S612.I756
Short staple cotton under micro and level-basin irrigation
methods.
Bucks, D.A.; Allen, S.G.; Roth, R.L.; Gardner, B.R.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1988.
Irrigation science v. 9 (3): p. 161-176; 1988. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Cultivars; Irrigation
systems; Trickle irrigation; Surface irrigation; Water
management; Yield increases; Row spacing; Water use
efficiency; Irrigation scheduling; Evapotranspiration
203 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990
Six years of LEPA in Texas--less water, higher yields.
Fipps, G.; New, L.L.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1990.
Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National
Irrigation Symposium
held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International
Irrigation
Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza,
Phoenix, Arizona.
p.
115-120. ill; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Center pivot irrigation; Water
conservation; Yield increases
204 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990
Software for turfgrass water audits.
Snyder, R.L.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1990.
Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National
Irrigation Symposium
held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International
Irrigation
Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza,
Phoenix, Arizona.
p. 96-100; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Sprinkler irrigation; Water use
efficiency; Computer software
205 NAL Call. No.: TD201.W92
Soil watch shows sugar-cane response.
Kirby, C.
London : T. Telford Ltd; 1988 Oct.
World water v. 11 (9): p. 31, 33, 35. ill; 1988 Oct.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mauritius; Saccharum; Trickle irrigation;
Irrigation systems; Tensiometers; Soil water balance; Yield
response functions; Soil water movement; Water use efficiency
206 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
Soluble calcium compounds may aid low-volume water
application.
Wildman, W.E.; Peacock, W.L.; Wildman, A.M.; Goble, G.G.;
Pehrson, J.E.; O'Connell, N.V.
Berkeley, Calif. : The Station; 1988 Nov.
California agriculture - California Agricultural Experiment
Station
v. 42 (6):
p. 7-9. ill; 1988 Nov.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Citrus; Orchards; Vineyards; Trickle
irrigation; Calcium; Water soluble compounds; Water use
efficiency; Infiltration; Sandy loam soils; Soil treatments
207 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Spatial distribution of irrigation water application in
sprinkler
irrigation.
Wahdan, A.A.; El-Gayer, A.M.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection)
(fiche no.
88-2620): 7 p.; 1988. Paper presented at the 1988 Winter
Meeting
of the
American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for
purchase
from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles
Road, St.
Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616)
429-0300
for
information and prices. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sprinkler irrigation; Irrigation water;
Distribution; Patterns; Application; Efficiency
208 NAL Call. No.: ViBlbVLD5655.V855 1992.L352
Spray stake irrigation of container-grown plants.
Lamack, William F., 1992; 1992.
viii, 36 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Vita. Abstract. Includes
bibliographical
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plants, Effect of water levels on; Container
gardening; Irrigation efficiency
209 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990
Sprinkler efficiency measurement with large weighing
lysimeters.
Schneider, A.D.; Howell, T.A.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1990.
Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National
Irrigation Symposium
held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International
Irrigation
Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza,
Phoenix, Arizona.
p. 69-76; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Sprinkler irrigation; Efficiency;
Lysimeters
210 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Sprinkler irrigation management for corn--southern great
plains.
Howell, T.A.; Copeland, K.S.; Schneider, A.D.; Dusek, D.A.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection)
(fiche no.
88-2098): 21 p. ill; 1988. Paper presented at the 1988 Summer
Meeting of the
American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for
purchase
from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles
Road, St.
Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616)
429-0300
for
information and prices. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Zea mays; Sprinkler irrigation;
Evapotranspiration; Water use efficiency; Yield response
functions; Simulation models
211 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
Subsurface drip produced highest net return in Westlands area
study.
Smith, R.B.; Oster, J.D.; Phene, C.
Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of
California; 1991 Mar.
California agriculture v. 45 (2): p. 8-10. ill; 1991 Mar.
Second
part of
three-part article: "Can farmers use water more effectively?".
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Water conservation; Subsurface
irrigation; Gossypium hirsutum; Yields; Profits; Irrigation
scheduling; Costs
212 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Sugarcane, yield, biomass, and water-use efficiency.
Shih, S.F.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988 Jan.
Transactions of the ASAE - American Society of Agricultural
Engineers v. 31
(1): p. 142-148. ill; 1988 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Saccharum officinarum; Biomass;
Lysimeters; Subsurface irrigation; Yields; Evapotranspiration;
Water use efficiency
213 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.D3C652
Techniques for computerized irrigation management.
Phene, C.J.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1989 Mar.
Computers and electronics in agriculture v. 3 (3): p. 189-208.
ill; 1989 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Automatic irrigation; Irrigation requirements;
Irrigation scheduling; Water use efficiency; Computer
applications; Simulation models; Decision making
214 NAL Call. No.: 292.9 AM34
Trends in Western United States agriculture: irrigation
organizations.
Franklin, D.R.; Narayanan, R.
Minneapolis, Minn. : American Water Resources Association;
1988
Dec.
Water resources bulletin v. 24 (6): p. 1289-1294; 1988 Dec.
Paper
presented
at the 24th Annual American Water Resources Association
Conference, "Water for
the Years Ahead--Quality and Quantity: 1990 and Beyond,"
November
6-11, 1988, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Western states of U.S.A.; Agriculture; Trends;
Irrigation; Organizations; Efficiency; Structure; Water
resource management; History; Water policy
215 NAL Call. No.: S51.E22
Trickle irrigated wetted area for peach trees.
Chesness, J.; Rieger, M.; Myers, S.
Athens, Ga. : The Stations; 1992 Jun.
Research report - University of Georgia, College of
Agriculture, Agricultural
Experiment Stations (607): 11 p.; 1992 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Prunus persica; Fruit trees; Trickle irrigation;
Water use efficiency; Areas; Soil water; Crop yield
216 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.L65
Trickle irrigation.
Riverhead, N.Y. : Cornell Cooperative Extension; 1988 Sep.
Long Island horticulture news. p. 3; 1988 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trickle irrigation; Soil moisture; Fruit trees;
Water conservation; Labor costs
217 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990
Turfgrass water conservation in the arid southwest.
Morris, R.L.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1990.
Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National
Irrigation Symposium
held in conjunction with the 11th Annual International
Irrigation
Exposition, October 28-November 1, 1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza,
Phoenix, Arizona.
p. 107.
ill; 1990. (ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Irrigation systems; Water
conservation
218 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68
Two hundred tons per hectare of processing tomatoes--Can we
reach
it?.
Phene, C.J.; Hutmacher, R.B.; Davis, K.R.
Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1992
Jan.
HortTechnology v. 2 (1): p. 16-22; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Lycopersicon esculentum; Trickle
irrigation; Subsurface irrigation; Evapotranspiration; Water
use efficiency; Fertigation; Crop yield
219 NAL Call. No.: 80 AM371
Underground irrigation: more than meets the eye.
Statham, M.L. Sr
Chicago, Ill. : American Nurseryman Publishing Company; 1989
Jul15.
American nurseryman v. 170 (2): p. 53-57; 1989 Jul15.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tennessee; Subsurface irrigation; Trickle
irrigation; Nurseries; Water use efficiency; Fertirrigation
220 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
Uniformity in pressurized irrigation systems depends on
design, installation.
Little, G.E.; Hills, D.J.; Hanson, B.R.
Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of
California; 1993 May.
California agriculture v. 47 (3): p. 18-21; 1993 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Irrigation systems; Water
distribution; Variation; Pressure; Water use efficiency
221 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Uniformity of infiltrated water under a low energy precision
application
(LEPA) irrigation system.
Hanson, B.R.; Schwankl, L.; Fulton, A.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1988 Oct.
Transactions of the ASAE v. 31 (5): p. 1463-1468; 1988 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Furrow irrigation; Infiltration; Water absorption
222 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Uniformity of LEPA irrigation systems with furrow drops.
Fangmeier, D.D.; Vlotman, W.F.; Eftekharzadeh, S.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1990 Nov.
Transactions of the ASAE v. 33 (6): p. 1907-1912; 1990 Nov.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sprinkler irrigation; Computer simulation; Energy
conservation; Furrow irrigation; Irrigation water; Water
distribution
Abstract: Computer models for the movement and water delivery
of low pressure center pivot and linear-move systems with
furrow drops were used to compute water distribution
uniformities. The models for small, 3-span, 170-m systems
compared satisfactorily with field results. The computed
results for 396 m systems had lower uniformities than for the
170 m systems. Uniformities were lowest for furrow-check
spacings of 0.5 m or less. As system speed increased,
uniformities with short check spacings increased. At check
spacings of 3 m or greater, speed had no effect with the
center pivot but varied over a 10% range for the linear move.
To obtain a uniformity coefficient of 0.8, check spacings
needed to be at least 2 m. Uniformities were greatly improved
if the alignment angles between spans, which controlled tower
movements, were reduced from 0.7 degrees to 0.4 degrees or
0.25 degrees. However, this caused more frequent movement of
the center towers which requires more expensive equipment.
223 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
Uniformity of low-energy precise-application (LEPA) irrigation
machines.
Hanson, B.R.; Schwanki, L.J.; Fulton, A.
Berkeley, Calif. : The Station; 1988 Sep.
California agriculture - California Agricultural Experiment
Station
v. 42 (5): p. 12-14. ill; 1988 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Irrigation systems; Irrigation
equipment; Energy conservation; Drainage; Soil water movement
224 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Use of rainfall and irrigation for sorghum production.
Allen, R.R.; Musick, J.T.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 88-2513): 17 p. ill; 1988. Paper
presented at the 1988 Winter Meeting of the American Society
of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Sorghum bicolor; Grain; Bedding; Furrow
irrigation; Water uptake; Water use efficiency; Water
requirements; Tillage; Soil water; Storage; Yield response
functions
225 NAL Call. No.: HC79.E5N3
The use of water pricing as a means for enhancing water use
efficiency in
irrigation: case studies in Mexico and the United States.
Cummings, R.G.; Nercissiantz, V.
Albuquerque, N.M. : University of New Mexico School of Law;
1992.
Natural resources journal v. 32 (4): p. 731-755; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mexico; U.S.A.; Irrigation water; Water costs;
Water use efficiency; Case studies; Water policy
226 NAL Call. No.: SB476.G7
Using gray water.
Coder, K.D.
Overland Park, Kan. : Intertec Publishing Corporation; 1991
Mar.
Grounds maintenance v. 26 (3): p. 16, 20, 22, 25; 1991 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water conservation; Waste water; Irrigation
water; Waste utilization
227 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Using satellite imagery in soil and water conservation
classes.
Papritan, J.C.; Ward, A.D.; Lyon, J.G.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 88-5504): 18 p. ill., maps; 1988.
Paper presented at the 1988 Winter Meeting of the American
Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase
from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order
Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone
the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil; Drainage; Soil water content; Agricultural
engineering; Soil conservation; Water conservation; Teaching
materials; Satellite imagery; Remote sensing
228 NAL Call. No.: 80 G85W
Walnut irrigation: The underground story.
Stockwin, W.
Willoughby, Ohio : Meister Pub. Co; 1988 May.
Western fruit grower v. 108 (5): p. 46-47. ill; 1988 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Juglans; Cultivars; Plant production;
Trickle irrigation; Equipment; Techniques; Efficiency;
Performance; Water management
229 NAL Call. No.: SB379.A9A9
Water agencies: an inside view.
Engle, M.
Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management
Corporation; 1991 Aug.
California grower v. 15 (8): p. 36; 1991 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Water management; Local government;
Water conservation; Irrigation; State government; Urban areas;
Rural areas
230 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990
Water and energy conservation by improving irrigation
practices in Colorado.
Broner, I.; Leibrock, F.R.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1990.
Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National
Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual
International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1,
1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p. 410-415; 1990.
(ASAE publication ; 04-90). Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Colorado; Surface irrigation; Trickle irrigation;
Water conservation; Energy conservation
231 NAL Call. No.: TC801.I66
Water charges and irrigation efficiencies.
Bos, M.G.; Wolters, W.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1990 Aug.
Irrigation and drainage systems : an international journal v.
4 (3): p. 267-278; 1990 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation water; Farmers; Charges; Costs; Water
use efficiency; Surveys; Questionnaires
232 NAL Call. No.: SB379.A9A9
Water conservation approaches for commercial nurseries.
Engle, M.
Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management
Corporation; 1992 Feb.
California grower v. 16 (2): p. 33-34; 1992 Feb.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Nurseries; Water conservation;
Irrigation systems; Trickle irrigation; Water reuse; Water use
efficiency; Public relations
233 NAL Call. No.: HD1690.5.E53
Water conservation in irrigated agriculture.
Smerdon, E.T.
New York, N.Y. : American Society of Civil Engineers; 1988.
The role of social and behavioral sciences in water resources
planning and management : proc of an Engineering Foundation
Conf in conjunction with the Univ Council on Water Resources,
Santa Barbara, Calif, May 3-8, 1987. p. 160-173; 1988.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Irrigated farming; Water conservation;
Water supplies; Structural change; Economic sociology; Right
of access; Water law
234 NAL Call. No.: 292.8 W295
Water conservation in irrigated agriculture: a stochastic
production frontier model.
McGuckin, J.T.; Gollehon, N.; Ghosh, S.
Washington, D.C. : American Geophysical Union; 1992 Feb.
Water resources research v. 28 (2): p. 305-312; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alaska; Zea mays; Irrigation; Water conservation;
Water use efficiency; Production functions; Stochastic models;
Surveys
Abstract: A stochastic production frontier model of
irrigation is used to analyze sources of economic inefficiency
in irrigation practices of Nebraska corn producers and the
extent that field information from soil moisture monitoring,
commercial scheduling and/or weather reports increases
economic efficiency. The results indicate that farm irrigation
practices have an average technical efficiency of 81% (defined
as the ratio of actualized production to maximum potential
production for a level of inputs). Field information from
moisture sensors can improve technical efficiency by 3.9%. The
value of information provided by moisture sensors depends on
the technical efficiency of the farmer and ranges from $58.23
per hectare for an efficient farmer to $40.29 for an
inefficient producer. The elasticity of derived demand for
water is estimated to be -1.095.
235 NAL Call. No.: HD1750.W4
Water conservation potential from irrigation technology
transitions in the Pacific Northwest.
Schaible, G.D.; Kim, C.S.; Whittlesey, N.K
Lincoln, Neb. : Western Agricultural Economics Association;
1991
Dec. Western journal of agricultural economics v. 16 (2): p.
194-206; 1991 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Oregon; Washington; Irrigation water;
Water conservation; Technology; Decision making; Econometric
models; Agricultural prices; Water policy; Innovation adoption
236 NAL Call. No.: 1 Ag84Ab no.576
Water conservation through irrigation technology.
Negri, Donald H.; Hanchar, John J.
United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service
Washington, DC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research
Service, [1989?]; 1989. 9 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (Agriculture
information bulletin ; 576). Caption title. "November 1989"--
P. 1. Includes bibliographical references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation farming; Water conservation;
Irrigation efficiency
237 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Water consumptive use of greenhouse tomatoes as related to
various levels of soil water potential under drip irrigation.
Michelakis, N.G.; Chartzoulakis, K.S.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1988
Sep.
Acta horticulturae (228): p. 127-136; 1988 Sep. Paper
presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Water
Supply and Irrigation in the Open and Under Protected
Cultivation, August 26-28, 1985, Padova, Italy. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Greenhouse
experimentation; Trickle irrigation; Irrigation scheduling;
Tensiometers; Gypsum blocks; Soil water potential; Yield
response functions; Water use efficiency
238 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
Water efficient clover fixes soil nitrogen, provides winter
forage crop.
Williams, W.A.; Graves, W.L.; Cassman, K.G.; Miller, P.R.;
Thomsen, C.D.
Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of California; 1991 Jul. California
agriculture v. 45 (4): p. 30-32; 1991 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trifolium alexandrinum; Lolium multiflorum;
Nitrogen fixation; Water use efficiency
239 NAL Call. No.: 10 OU8
Water management.
Carr, M.K.V.; Leeds-Harrison, P.B.; Carter, R.C.
Oxon : C.A.B. International; 1990 Dec.
Outlook on agriculture v. 19 (4): p. 229-235. ill; 1990 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Water management; Water supply; Water
conservation; Drainage; Irrigation; Reclamation; International
comparisons
240 NAL Call. No.: 10 OU8
Water management in relation to crop production: case study on
rice.
Bhuiyan, S.I.
Oxon : C.A.B. International; 1992 Dec.
Outlook on agriculture v. 21 (4): p. 293-299. ill; 1992 Dec.
Special issue: Focus on water. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Oryza sativa; Irrigation; Water
management; Water requirements; Water use efficiency; Crop
production
241 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Water management of alfalfa through individual harvest
production functions.
Myer, G.L.; Miller, W.W.; Narayanan, R.; Jensen, E.H.; Zheng,
Y.B.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 505-508; 1991
Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nevada; Medicago sativa; Water allocation;
Irrigation; Application to land; Water use efficiency;
Irrigation water; Evapotranspiration; Production functions;
Mathematics; Seasonal growth; Crop yield; Harvesting;
Application rates; Precipitation; Soil water content; Seasonal
variation; Irrigation scheduling
242 NAL Call. No.: S543.T4T43 no.15
Water management with conservation tillage.
Unger, P.W.; Gerard, C.J.; Matocha, J.E.; Hons, F.M.;
Bordovsky, D.G.; Wendt, C.W. College Station, Tex. : Texas
Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M Univ System; 1988.
Conservation tillage in Texas / edited by F.M. Hons. p. 10-15;
1988. (Research monograph / Texas Agricultural Experiment
Station ; 15). Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Gossypium; Zea mays; Sorghum; Triticum;
Fallow; Irrigation; Semiarid soils; Soil and water
conservation; Minimum tillage
systems; Crop yield
243 NAL Call. No.: 280.8 J822
Water markets and water quality.
Weinberg, M.; Kling, C.L.; Wilen, J.E.
Ames, Iowa : American Agricultural Economics Association; 1993
May.
American journal of agricultural economics v. 75 (2): p.
278-291; 1993 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Water quality; Irrigation water; Markets;
Water use efficiency; Water allocation; Farm management;
Decision making; Drainage; Simulation models; Water policy
Abstract: In addition to improving the allocative efficiency
of water use, water markets may reduce irrigation-related
water quality problems. This potential benefit is examined
with a nonlinear programming model developed to simulate
agricultural decision-making in a drainage problem area in
California's San Joaquin Valley. Results indicate that a 30%
drainage goal is achievable through improvements in irrigation
practices and changes in cropping patterns induced by a water
market. Although water markets will not generally achieve a
least-cost solution, they may be a practical alternative to
economically efficient, but informationally intensive,
environmental policies such as Pigouvian taxes.
244 NAL Call. No.: TC401.A5
Water quality and the conservation reserve program:
implications of targeting saline croplands.
Aillery, M.P.
Bethesda, Md. : The Association; 1988 Nov.
American Water Resources Association technical publication
series TPS (88-4): p. 261-270. maps; 1988 Nov. In the series
analytic: Nonpoint pollution: 1988--policy, economy,
management, and appropriate technology / edited by V. Novotny.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Water conservation; Programs; Water
composition and quality; Salinity; Irrigation; Water
management; Pastures
245 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.W3W376 1992
Water saving techniques for plant growth.
Verplancke, H. J. W.; Strooper, E. B. A. de; Boodt, M. de NATO
Advanced Research Workshop on Water Saving Techniques for
Plant Growth 1990 : Ghent, Belgium. Dordrecht ; Boston :
Kluwer Academic Publishers,; 1992. x, 241 p. : ill., maps ; 25
cm. (NATO ASI series. Series E, Applied sciences ; no. 217.).
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs
Division. "Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop
on Water Saving Techniques for Plant Growth, Ghent, Belgium,
September 17-19, 1990"--T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical
references and indexes.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops and water; Water conservation; Irrigation
farming; Irrigation efficiency; Conservation tillage
246 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Water uptake by cotton roots during fruit filling in relation
to irrigation frequency.
Radin, J.W.; Mauney, J.R.; Kerridge, P.C.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1989 Jul.
Crop science v. 29 (4): p. 1000-1005; 1989 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Gossypium hirsutum; Fruiting; Water use
efficiency; Trickle irrigation; Irrigation scheduling; Arid
climate; Leaf water potential; Water uptake; Root hydraulic
conductivity; Stomatal resistance; Transpiration
Abstract: Yield of irrigated cotton (gossypium hirsutum L.)
increases as the interval between water applications is
decreased, even if the total amount of water applied is
unchanged. Experiments were undertaken to compare season-long
water relations of high-frequency drip-irrigated cotton (1- to
2-d intervals) to cotton irrigated at approximately 2-wk
intervals. The crop was grown at two locations in central
Arizona on a Mohall sandy loam (fine-loamy, mixed,
hyperthermic Typic Haplargid) and an Avondale clay loam (fine-
loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Torrifluvent) soils. In 2-yr
trials at each location, irrigation frequency had inconsistent
effects on midday leaf water potential during vegetative
growth. When the crop developed a heavy fruit load, however,
leaf water potential of plants on the longer cycles was much
lower than that of drip-irrigated plants, even after
irrigation when ample soil moisture should have been
available. Plant hydraulic conductances, estimated from
regressions of single-leaf transpiration rate against leaf
water potential, were high in both treatments early in the
season. Hydraulic conductance decreased greatly during
fruiting in plants on long irrigation cycles but less so in
drip-irrigated plants. Late in the season, after fruit
maturation and during plant regrowth, conductances were again
high and similar in the two treatments. The results imply that
during heavy fruiting, mild water stress associated with long
irrigation cycles triggers deterioration of the root system
that is very slow to be reversed. High-frequency drip
irrigation, by preventing cyclical stress, apparently
minimized this deterioration during fruit filling.
247 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 So3
Water use characterization of wide-spaced furrow irrigation.
Tsegaye, T.; Stone, J.F.; Reeves, H.E.
Madison, Wis. : Soil Science Society of America; 1993 Jan.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 57 (1): p. 240-245;
1993
Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Cabt; Sorghum bicolor; Furrow
irrigation; Comparisons; Water requirements; Crop yield; Water
uptake; Water use efficiency; Soil water movement; Soil depth;
Evaporation; Soil water; Losses from soil
Abstract: Water extraction, depletion, and sufficiency of
wide-spaced furrow irrigation (WSFI) are not well understood.
In addition, there is little work showing the response of WSFI
where the same seasonal amount of water was applied to both
WSFI and every-furrow irrigation (EFI). Treatments in this
study included two seasonal amounts of water applied to both
the WSFI and EFI plots. We determined the yield of grain
sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], water uptake (surface
evaporation, extraction, and seasonal depletion), water
penetration depth, and water use efficiency (WUE) during a 2-
yr study in the Oklahoma Panhandle. A given amount of water
produced about a 10% higher yield of grain sorghum when
applied as WSFI than as EFI. The WUE of plants was found to be
24% higher for WSFI than for EFI. Evaporation from the soil
surface was 30 mm greater for EFI than WSFI. The EFI resulted
in 30 mm more water extraction from the soil, evidently to
meet the demand of surface evaporation. Seasonal depletion was
related to wetness of the treatment; depletion was 20 mm
higher for the drier of the two treatments. Following any
periods where water was not available, WSFI showed less water
penetration depth than EFI. The WSFI appears to have benefit
for irrigation of this crop.
248 NAL Call. No.: NBUS619 E34 W28 1992
Water use efficiency in agriculture proceedings of the
binational China-Israel
workshop : April 22-26, 1991, Beijing, China.
Shalhevet, Joseph; Liu, Ch'ang-ming; Xu, Yuexian; Priel,
Vivian R. Rehovot, Israel : Priel Publishers,; 1990. 297 p. :
ill., maps ; 24 cm. Includes bibliographical references.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Irrigation efficiency
249 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
Water use efficiency, nutrient uptake and productivity of
micro-irrigated citrus.
Grieve, A.M.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization; 1989. Australian journal of
experimental agriculture v. 29 (1): p. 111-118; 1989. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; Citrus sinensis; Irrigation
systems; Nutrient uptake; Water uptake; Water use efficiency;
Crop yield
250 NAL Call. No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Water use efficiency of four species of woody ornamentals
under north Florida winter conditions.
Knox, G.W.; Zimet, D.
S.l. : The Society; 1988.
Proceedings of the ... annual meeting of the Florida State
Horticulture Society v. 101: p. 331-333; 1988. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Ilex crenata; Ilex vomitoria; Myrica
cerifera; Photinia fraseri; Plant water relations; Water use
efficiency; Irrigation systems
251 NAL Call. No.: 280.28 AL62
Water watchers.
Whitcomb, C.
Sacramento, Calif. : California Almond Growers Exchange; 1988
Sep.
Almond facts v. 53 (5): p. 16-17. ill., maps; 1988 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Irrigation; Management; Information
systems; Water use efficiency; Land use; Weather data
252 NAL Call. No.: SB401.A1D5
Water wisdom.
Fulton, A.; Beede, R.
Pleasanton, Calif. : Sun-Diamond Growers of California; 1989.
Sun-diamond grower v. 8 (1): p. 27, 36-38; 1989.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Juglans; Orchards; Irrigation; Water
management; Water use efficiency; Soil water balance; Soil
texture; Soil water content
253 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
Water-conserving irrigation January 1986-August 1988.
Maclean, J.T.
Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1989 Feb. Quick bibliography
series - U.S. Department of Agriculure, National Agricultural
Library (U.S.). (89-35): 38 p.; 1989 Feb. Updates QB 87-68.
Bibliography.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation; Irrigation water; Water use
efficiency; Water conservation
254 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Water-fertilizer management of processing tomatoes.
Phene, C.J.; Hutmacher, R.B.; Davis, K.R.; McCormick, R.L.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1990 Aug. Acta horticulturae (277): p. 137-143; 1990 Aug.
Paper presented at the "Third International Symposium on
Processing Tomatoes," November 29-December 2, 1989, Avignon,
France. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Lycopersicon esculentum; Trickle
irrigation; Evapotranspiration; Nitrogen fertilizers;
Phosphorus fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers; Water use
efficiency; Crop yield
Abstract: Water and fertility management of processing
tomatoes were studied with high frequency subsurface drip
(SSD), high frequency surface drip (HFSD) and low frequency
surface drip (LFSD). In 1984 and 1985, N, and N + P were
injected uniformly through the drip systems, respectively. In
1987 N + K were injected uniformly through the drip systems,
and the subtreatments were 0, 15, and 30 mg/l P injected daily
in the irrigation water. The yields for all main treatments
increased with injected P (1985) and K 1987. The SDS out-
yielded the HFSD and LFSD in 1985 and 1987 when P was injected
with the irrigation water but was not different in 1984 when
only N was injected.
255 NAL Call. No.: SB379.A9A9
Water-saving equipment.
White, B.
Fallbrook, Calif. : The Tanis Group, Inc; 1990 Mar.
California grower v. 14 (3): p. 30-33. ill; 1990 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation equipment; Water use efficiency
256 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Water-use efficiency and yield of sainfoin and alfalfa.
Bolger, T.P.; Matches, A.G.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1990 Jan.
Crop science v. 30 (1): p. 143-148; 1990 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Medicago sativa; Onobrychis viciifolia;
Water use efficiency; Evapotranspiration; Crop yield; Seasonal
fluctuations; Irrigation requirements; Sprinkler irrigation;
Maximum yield; Dry farming
Abstract: Water is often the primary limiting resource for
forage production in semiarid and arid regions. Our objective
was to determine yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) of
sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and alfalfa (Medicago
sativa L.) as related to evapotranspiration (ET). Species were
grown in rows under an irrigation gradient. Total seasonal
yields were a linear function (r2 = 0.87-0.97) of ET for both
species. Maximum sainfoin yields were 85% of alfalfa (20.7 Mg
ha-1). Sainfoin produced 58 to 63% of its total yield in the
first two harvests as compared to 41 to 46% for alfalfa. When
soil water was adequate for spring growth, sainfoin was ready
to harvest 2 wk earlier than alfalfa. Total ET of both species
was similar. Season-long WUE of alfalfa (18.3 kg ha-1 mm-1)
was greater than sainfoin (10.7 kg ha-1 mm-1) in 1986 due to a
lack of water in spring when sainfoin yield potential and WUE
is highest. In 1987, seasonal WUE of sainfoin and alfalfa was
similar (18.2 vs. 16.7 kg ha-1 mm-1), but alfalfa had a
smaller evaporation (E) component giving it greater overall
WUE and yield. Sainfoin WUE was high in spring and declined in
summer. Alfalfa WUE remained high throughout the spring and
summer. Both species had low WUE in the fall due to dormancy
responses. Differences in leaf area index (LAI) account for
differences in E between sainfoin and alfalfa. Sudden death of
sainfoin plants in summer was observed under low irrigation;
therefore, moderate levels of summer irrigation may be
necessary to prevent stand loss. In dryland areas, sainfoin's
greatest utility is for early season irrigated pasture or hay.
257 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
Weed control by subsurface drip irrigation.
Grattan, S.R.; Schwankl, L.J.; Lanini, W.T.
Berkeley, Calif. : The Station; 1988 May.
California agriculture - California Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 42 (3): p. 22-24. ill; 1988 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Weed control; Water management;
Subsurface irrigation; Trickle irrigation; Efficiency
258 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822
Wellton-Mohawk farmers deliver water conservation.
Hedlund, J.D.
Ankeny, Iowa : Soil Conservation Society of America; 1988 Nov.
Journal of soil and water conservation v. 43 (6): p. 462-464.
ill; 1988 Nov.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Irrigation water; Water resource
management; Salinization; Water pollution; Water conservation;
Project appraisal; Law
259 NAL Call. No.: S619.E34R5
Winning with water soil-moisture monitoring for efficient
irrigation.
Richardson, Gail; Mueller-Beilschmidt, Peter
New York, NY : INFORM Inc.,; 1988.
xvi, 173 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm. (An INFORM report).
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation efficiency; Soil moisture;
Measurement; Irrigation efficiency; West (U.S.); Soil
moisture; West (U.S.); Measurement
260 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Winter wheat response to nitrogen and irrigation.
Eck, H.V.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1988 Nov.
Agronomy journal v. 80 (6): p. 902-908; 1988 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat;
Fertilizer application; Nitrogen fertilizers; Irrigation
requirements; Timing; Irrigation scheduling; Soil moisture;
Crop yield; Grain; Yield components; Water stress; Water use
efficiency; Heading; Crop growth stage; Tillering; Irrigated
farming
Abstract: Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on the
Southern Great Plains under dryland conditions and under
varying irrigation regimes. Relationships between water and
fertilizer needs are not well defined. Field studies were
conducted to determine: (i) the interacting effects of N
fertilization and irrigation on N and P needs, wheat yields,
and yield components; and (ii) the effects of timing of water
deficit periods on N and P needs, wheat yields, and yield
components. Studies were conducted on a Pullman clay loam
(fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll). Respective N and
P rates ranged from 0 to 210 kg ha-1 and 0 to 40 kg ha-1.
Irrigations were applied or withheld to allow the crop to be
nonstressed (I-1), stressed during heading and grain filling
(I-2), stressed during tillering and jointing (I-3), and
stressed throughout spring (I-4). Two-year average data showed
that 140 kg N ha-1 was sufficient for maximum grain yields on
treatment I-1, while 70 kg N ha-1 was sufficient on treatments
on I-2 and I-3, and no N response occurred on treatment I-4.
Compared to treatment I-1, grain yields were 27, 32, and 52%
less on treatments I-3, I-2, and I-4, respectively. Water use
efficiency (WUE) increased with increments of N through 140 kg
ha-1 on treatment I-1, and through 70 kg ha-1 on treatments
I-2, and I-3 but applied N did not affect WUE on treatment
I-4. In 1981, WUE was highest on treatment I-1 and lowest on
treatment I-4; in 1982, however, WUE was highest on treatment
I-4 and lowest on treatments I-1 and I-3. For limited
irrigation, irrigating during tillering and jointing would be
preferable to allowing stress then, and irrigating during
heading and grain filling, because there is still potential
for high yields if precipitation occurs during heading and
grain filing.
261 NAL Call. No.: S612.2.N38 1990
Xeriscape: fad, fiction or state-of-the-art.
Welsh, D.F.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1990.
Visions of the future : proceedings of the Third National
Irrigation Symposium held in conjunction with the 11th Annual
International Irrigation Exposition, October 28-November 1,
1990, Phoenix Civic Plaza, Phoenix, Arizona. p. 186; 1990.
(ASAE publication ; 04-90).
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Irrigation; Landscaping; Water use
efficiency
262 NAL Call. No.: 80 AM371
Xeriscapes wilt without teamwork: a California water official
calls for industry cooperation in producing efficient
landscapes.
Baetz, R.L.
Chicago, Ill. : American Nurseryman Publishing Co; 1988 Jun01.
American nurseryman v. 167 (11): p. 46-48, 50, 52. ill; 1988
Jun01.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Landscape architecture; Xeric
regimes; Water conservation; Irrigation systems; Water budget
263 NAL Call. No.: 81 SO12
Yield and quality of processing tomatoes in response to
irrigation rate and schedule.
Sanders, D.C.; Howell, T.A.; Hile, M.M.S.; Hodges, L.; Meek,
D.; Phene, C.J.
Alexandria, Va. : The Society; 1989 Nov.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science v.
114 (6): p. 904-908; 1989 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Lycopersicon esculentum; Processing;
Cultivars; Trickle irrigation; Irrigation scheduling; Yield
response functions; Fruit; Quality; Characteristics; Water use
efficiency; Furrow irrigation
Abstract: Field studies were conducted on a Typic Xerorthents
Entiosols soil (Hanford sandy loam) to determine the response
of two cultivars of processing tomatoes (Lycopersicon
esculentum Mill.) to trickle irrigation applied at three
percentages of evapotranspiration (ET) to either the top of
the plant row or between the beds using a traveling irrigation
system. Irrigation was terminated when fruits were either 30%
or 70% red 14 or 7 days before harvest). Yields of red
tomatoes and total tomatoes increased with increasing trickle
irrigation water. The concentrations of soluble solids (SSC)
and total solids (TS) and pH decreased with increasing trickle
irrigation rates, while color, fruit size, and acidity
increased, as did the yield of SSC and TS per hectare.
Placement of trickle irrigation on the plant row was more
favorable than placement in the furrow between the beds for
yield and quality characteristics. Trickle irrigation to 70%
ET terminated 7 days before harvest produced responses similar
to conventional furrow irrigation. Although statistically
these treatments could not he compared directly to
conventional furrow, all traveling trickle irrigation rates
were superior in water use efficiency to that of the
conventional furrow irrigation. Trickle irrigation rates of
35% ET, 70% ET, and 105% ET did not differ in water use
efficiency. Chemical names used: 2(a-naphthoxy)- N,N-diethyl
propionamide (napropamide); S-propyl butylethiocarbamate
pebulate).
264 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Yield enhancement in cotton by frequent irrigations during
fruiting.
Radin, J.W.; Reaves, L.L.; Mauney, J.R.; French, O.F.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jul.
Agronomy Journal v. 84 (4): p. 551-557; 1992 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Gossypium hirsutum; Trickle irrigation;
Irrigation scheduling; Crop growth stage; Fruiting; Water use
efficiency; Water uptake; Root systems; Crop yield; Yield
increases; Bolls; Leaf water potential
Abstract: Daily drip irrigation often increases yield and
water-use efficiency of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
compared to conventional irrigations applied at long
intervals. A 2 yr experiment was designed to test whether
these benefits could be achieved without using an expensive
drip system. Cotton was irrigated every 10 d in the first year
and every 14 days in the second year (control treatment). A
supplemental irrigation was applied during either one or two
long irrigation cycles coinciding with peak fruiting. The
total amount of water applied was minimally changed from the
control because other irrigations were reduced to compensate
for the supplementation. Another treatment was drip-irrigated
daily throughout most of the season. One supplement increased
seedcotton yield 15% over the control, and two supplements
increased it 25%, compared to a 40% yield increase with drip
irrigation. These three treatments increased crop water-use
efficiency (yield per unit applied water plus rainfall) by 12,
22 and 50%, respectively. Yield increases were associated with
a lengthened period of profuse flowering and a delay in the
onset of cutout. Both drip irrigation and mid-cycle
supplements increased midday leaf water potential and apparent
hydraulic conductance of the plants for an extended period
during fruiting, indicating enhanced water uptake and
transport capacity compared to plants on long cycles. The
results show that a drip system is not necessary for
substantial improvements of yield and water-use efficiency.
Doubling the number of irrigations for a short period during
peak fruiting achieved much of the benefits of drip
irrigation.
Author Index
Abdulmumin, S. 36
Adato, I. 115
Aillery, M.P. 244
Al-Ghamdi, A.S. 55
Al-Noaim, A.A. 55
Alexander, W.L. 142
Allen, R.R. 95, 179, 224
Allen, S.G. 202
Andreoni, V. 3
Ayars, J.E. 130
Ayars, James E. 124
Ayer, H. 199
Ayisi, K.K. 200
Backhaus, R.A. 142
Baetz, R.L. 262
Baird, C.D. 174
Bassett, D.L. 167
Beard, J.B. 20
Beattie, D. 72
Beede, R. 252
Beede, R.H. 110
Beeson, R.C. Jr 4
Bender, G.S. 11
Benoit, L.F. 66
Benzioni, A. 56
Bernardo, D.J. 59, 167
Bernardo, Daniel J. 90
Berry, J.W. 123
Bhuiyan, S.I. 240
Bishnoi, K.C. 87
Biswas, M.R. 92
Bogle, C.R. 26
Bolger, T.P. 256
Bonfanti, P. 3
Boodt, M. de 245
Bordovsky, D.G. 242
Bordovsky, J.P. 33, 35
Borrachero, L.M. 85
Bos, M.G. 156, 231
Bosch, D.J. 14
Bowman, D.C. 88
Bowman, J.A. 126
Braden, J.B. 12
Braunworth, W.S. Jr 38
Bresler, E. 37, 53, 169
Britton, C.M. 79
Broner, I. 230
Brooks, D.H. 40
Brothers, K. 173
Buchleiter, G.W. 86, 172
Bucks, D.A. 104, 123, 142, 202
Buller, O.H. 157
Burger, D.W. 138
Burt, C.M. 1
Byth, D.E. 127
California, Office of Water Conservation, Panoche Water and
Drainage District
(Calif.),Water Management Research Laboratory (U.S.) 124
Carbonell, X. 64
Carr, M.K.V. 5, 192, 239
Carter, C.E. 181
Carter, R.C. 239
Cassel, D.K. 137
Cassman, K.G. 238
Caswell, M. 67
Cevik, B. 25
Chakravorty, U. 74
Chartzoulakis, K.S. 237
Chaudhry, N. 62
Chesness, J. 215
Chu, S.T. 31
Clark, G.A. 24, 109, 122
Clemmens, A.J. 140
Clyma, W. 70
Coder, K.D. 226
Comis, D.” 151
Cone, D. 91, 113
Copeland, K.S. 210
Corbett, E.G. 16
Corliss, J. 98
Cotner, S. 76
Cramer, C. 48
Craw, G. 71
Crocker, T.E. 109
Crosswhite, William M. 49
Cummings, R.G. 225
Daffonchio, D. 3
Dagan, G. 169
Davies, F.T. Jr 178
Davis, K.R. 218, 254
Devitt, D.A. 15, 88
Devries, J.J. 30
Dickason, Clifford 49
Dijkhuis, F.J. 57
Dinar, A. 52
Doty, C.W. 41
Downing, J.D. 131
Duble, R.L. 144
Dusek, D.A. 51, 210
Dutta, S.C. 92
Dvorak, G.J. 157
Dwelle, R.B. 6
Dysko, J. 54
Eck, H.V. 260
Eftekharzadeh, S. 222
Eheart, J.W. 12
Ekholt, B.A. 128
El-Gayer, A.M. 207
Elliott, G.C. 72
Ells, J.E. 136, 197, 198
Engle, M. 97, 229, 232
Engle, M.M. 11, 73, 141
Entz, M.H. 191
Ervin, R.T. 50, 148
Evans, R.O. 129, 137, 183
Fangmeier, D.D. 222
Fare, D.C. 160
Faroda, A.S. 62
Farquhar, G.D. 175
Feinerman, E. 53, 169
Field, L.A. 200
Finch, C. 76
Finke, W.W. Jr 84
Fipps, G. 22, 145, 203
Forti, M. 56
Fouss, J.L. 181
Fowler, D.B. 191
Frank, A.B. 103
Franklin, D.R. 214
French, O.F. 264
Fukai, S. 101
Fulton, A. 221, 223, 252
Fulton, A.E. 110, 185
Futter, H. 69
Gamez, S. 72
Gardner, B.R. 104, 202
Garside, A.L. 127
Gathman, A.C. 120
Gerard, C.J. 242
Gertsis, A.C. 154, 155
Ghobrial, N.S. 156
Ghosh, S. 234
Gilliam, C.H. 160
Glover, T.F. 77
Goble, G.G. 206
Goell, A. 23
Goerend, D.T. 150
Goldhamer, D.A. 185
Goldhamer, David Alan 134
Gollehon, N. 234
Gollehon, Noel R. 21
Gonzalez, J.F. 85
Goto, A. 39
Grassi, C.J. 81
Grattan, S.R. 257
Graves, J.W. 50
Graves, W.L. 238
Greenberg, A. 159
Grieve, A.M. 249
Grimes, D.W. 2
Grismer, M.E. 42
Grumbine, A. 111
Hackwell, S.G. 190
Hall, N. 118
Haman, D.Z. 122, 174, 201
Hanchar, John J. 236
Hanson, B.R. 13, 94, 185, 220, 221, 223
Harbaugh, B.K. 180
Harivandi, M.A. 83
Harman, W.L. 51
Hartin, J. 121
Hartz, T.K. 26, 46
Hatfield, J.L. 154, 155
Havanagi, G.N. 177
Hawkins, T. 1
Haynes, C.A. 128
Haynes, M. 107
Hays, D.M. 150
Hedge, D.M. 177
Hedlund, J.D. 258
Hefner, S.G. 65
Henderson, D.W. 30
Henggeler, J.C. 45
Hile, M.M.S. 263
Hill, K. 148
Hills, D.J. Š220
Hobson, J. 69
Hochmuth, G.J. 109
Hodges, L. 263
Hohn, C. 44, 93
Holcomb, E.J. 72
Honeycutt, S. 158
Hons, F.M. 242
Hopkins, H.J. 155
Hornbaker, R.H. 47
Hou, L. 187
Howell, T.A. 209, 210, 263
Hubick, K.T. 175
Hunt, J.H. 129, 183
Hussain, G. 55
Hutmacher, R.B. 130, 218, 254
Hutton, J.D. 50
International Food Policy Research Institute 96
Inthapan, P. 101
Irrigation Association 139
Israeli, I. 27
Izuno, F.T. 201
Jensen, E.H. 63, 84, 241
Jermar, M.K. 164
Johnson, R.C. 17
Kabashima, J.N. 117
Kah, G. 75
Kah, G.F. 133
Kakudo, H. 18
Kaniszewski, S. 54
Karn, J.F. 103
Kaska, N. 25
Katzer, T. 173
Keever, G.J. 160
Keith, J.E. 77
Kerridge, P.C. 246
Khair, A. 92
Khalid, M. 133
Kim, C.S. 235
Kimbell, M.K. 63
Kimpel, B.C. 126
Kirby, C. 205
Kling, C.L. 243
Knapp, K.C. 52
Knox, G.W. 4, 250
Knutson, A. 22
Koo, R.C.J. 68
Kourik, Robert 99
Krieg, D.R. 34, 154, 155
Kromm, D.E. 188
Kruse, E.G. 136, 197, 198
Laker, M.C. 58
Lalymenko, L.A. 176
Lalymenko, N.K. 176
Lamack, W.F. 7
Lamack, William F., 208
Lanini, W.T. 257
Laryea, K.B. 184
Lascano, R.J. 33
Lawn, R.J. 127
Leeds-Harrison, P.B. 239
Leeuwen, H.M. van 156
Leibrock, F.R. 230
Letey, J. 52
Levinson, B. ª115
Lichtenberg, E. 67
Little, G.E. 220
Liu, Ch'ang-ming 248
Locascio, S.J. 109
Lou, P. 187
Lucas, K. 106
Lyle, W.M. 33, 35, 148, 149, 163
Lyon, J.G. 227
Mack, H.J. 38
MacLean, J.T. 43
Maclean, J.T. 253
Mahannah, C.N. 63, 84
Malano, H.M. 10
Mallawaarachchi, T. 118
Mancino, C.F. 189
Mandal, M.A.S. 92
Manges, H.L. 157
Mantel, A.B. 130
Mapp, H.P. 47
Marfa, O. 64
Martin, D.L. 166
Martinez Gerstl, G.A. 77
Masters, R.A. 79
Matches, A.G. 256
Maticic, B. 182
Matocha, J.E. 242
Mauney, J.R. 246, 264
McCauley, G.N. 162
McCormick, R.L. 254
McGriff, T.L. 120
McGuckin, J.T. 234
McPhail, K. 193
McSay, A.E. 136, 197, 198
Meek, D. 263
Mehta, B.K. 39
Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela 96
Michelakis, N.G. 237
Miller, P.R. 238
Miller, W.W. 63, 84, 241
Mills, D. 56
Moore, J.F. 196
Moore, R.E. 131
Morgan, D.D.V. 5
Morris, R.L. 88, 217
Morrow, M.R. 34
Muchow, R.C. 127
Mueller-Beilschmidt, Peter 259
Mujumdar, P.P. 168
Musick, J.T. 51, 95, 179, 224
Myer, G.L. 241
Myers, S. 215
Nakayama, F.S. 104
Narayanan, R. 214, 241
Natarajan, B. 32
Negri, D.H. 40
Negri, Donald H. 236
Nel, A.A. 57
Nelson, J.M. 120, 123
Nercissiantz, V. 225
New, L. 22, 132, 145
New, L.L. 203
Nicholson, R.A. 150
Niemiera, A.X. 7
Northup, B.K. 150
Nunez, C. 26
O'Brien, R. 19
O'Connell, N.V. 206
Oster, J.D. 185, 211
Palanisami, K. 82
Panoras, A. 94
Papritan, J.C. 227
Parnell, J.R. 170
Parsons, J. 76
Parsons, J.E. 41
Parsons, L.R. 109
Patto, M. 10
Paydas, S. 25
Peacock, W.L. 206
Peavy, L. 29
Pegarra, E. 163
Pehrson, J.E. 206
Pekmezci, M. 25
Peng, S. 155
Penuelas, J. 64
Perry, R. 69
Petrac, M. 182
Pfeiffer, Robert 49
Pfost, D.L. 158
Phene, C. 211
Phene, C.J. 185, 213, 218, 254, 263
Phene, R.C.£ 110
Phillips, B. 118
Pierzgalski, Edward 186
Pittenger, D. 121
Pitts, D.J. 122
Plusquellec, H.L. 193
Polti, C. 193
Prevatt, J.W. 24
Prichard, T.L. 161
Priel, Vivian R. 248
Pringle, H.C. III 194
Pruyne, R. 152
Putnam, D.H. 200
Quiggin, J. 195
Radin, J.W. 246, 264
Raheja, S.K. 114
Raja, V. 87
Rao, N.H. 135
Read, J.J. 63
Reaves, L.L. 264
Rees, D.H. 135
Reeves, H.E. 247
Regier, C. 61
Reinemann, D.J. 133
Richardson, Gail 259
Rieger, M. 215
Roberts, R. 76
Rochester, E.W. 190
Rodrigo, J. 85
Rogers, J.S. 181
Roth, R.L. 104, 202
Roumasset, J. 74
Sadaphal, P.M. 32
Saleth, R.M. 12
Sampath, R.K. 114, 143
Sanders, D.C. 263
Saqib, G.S. 133
Save, R. 64
Saxena, M.C. 60
Saxton, K.E. 167
Schaible, G.D. 235
Scheerens, J.C. 120, 123
Schmidt, Heidi 99
Schneider, A.D. 132, 209, 210
Schrale, Gerrit 124
Schulbach, K.F. 108
Schwanki, L.J. 94, 223
Schwankl, L. 221
Schwankl, L.J. 83, 257
Seckler, D. 114
Segarra, E. 50, 148
Senga, Y. 18
Serrano, L. 64
Severin, M.A. 166
Shainberg, I. 58
Shalhevet, Joseph 248
Shane, R.L. 84
Shani, Y. 53
Sharma, S. 78
Shaw, D.A. 83
Sheesley, W.R. 2
Shih, S.F. 212
Shock, C. 69
Silim, S.N. 60
Simmons, F.W. 126
Singh, H. 62
Singh, K.B. 60
Singh, T. 62
Skaggs, R.W. 41
Skaini, M. 89
Smajstrla, A.G. 122
Smerdon, E.T. 233
Smith, C.J. 102
Smith, R. 161
Smith, R.B. 211
Sneed, R.E. 129, 137, 183
Snyder, D.L. 77
Snyder, R.L. 83, 204
Snyder, Richard L. 134
Solorzano, G.I.R. de 81
Sorlini, C. 3
Srinivas, K. 177
Sritharan, S.I. 70
Stanley, C.D. 24, 109, 180
Stark, J.C. 6
Statham, M.L. Sr 219
Steiner, J.J. 130
Stephens, W. 192
Stern, R. 58
Stewart, B.A. 51
Stockwin, W. 112, 228
Stone, J.F. 247
Street, J.E. 194
Strooper, E. B. A. de 245
Supalla, R.J. 166
Surrowitz, S.D. 105
Svendsen, Mark, 96
Swisher, J. 69
Tardieu, H. 9
Tekinel, O. 25
Temple, P.J. 66
Thompson, A.L. 158
Thompson, S.A. 171
Thomsen, C.D. 238
Tjosvold, S.A. 108
Tod, I.C. 30, 42
Tracy, P.W. 65
Trimmer, W.L. 8, 80
Triplett, C.M. 163
Tsegaye, T. 247
Undersander, D.J. 61
Unger, P.W. 242
United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service
21, 90, 236
United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research
Service, Resources and
Technology Division 49
United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and
Development
Fund 37
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and
Insular
Affairs.
Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources 146
University of California (System), Committee of Consultants on
Drainage Water
Reduction, University of California (System),
Salinity/Drainage
Task Force, California Water Resources Center 165
University of California (System), Division of Agriculture and
Natural
Resources 134
Upchurch, D.R. 33
Vail, S.S. 130
Van Der Merwe, A.J. 58
Vedula, S. 168
Verdegaal, P. 161
Verplancke, H. J. W. 245
Villa, M. 3
Vlotman, W.F. 222
Wade, R. 153
Wahdan, A.A. 207
Wallender, W.W. 30p
Ward, A.D. 227
Weiler, T.C. 100
Weinberg, M. 243
Welch, W.C. 144
Welsh, D. 76
Welsh, D.F. 144, 261
Wendt, C.W. 242
Whiffen, H.J.H. 174
Whitcomb, C. 251
White, B. 255
White, S.E. 188
Whittlesey, N.K 235
Whittlesey, N.K. 167
Whittlesey, Norman K. 90
Wichelns, D. 91, 113
Wilcox, D. 147
Wildman, A.M. 206
Wildman, W.E. 206
Wilen, J.E. 243
Wiley, P.L. 2
Williams, J.R. 157
Williams, W.A. 238
Wilson, I.B. 102
Winter, S.R. 116
Wolters, W. 156, 231
Wright, G.C. 102, 175
Wright, J. 200
Xu, Yuexian 248
Yaylali, N. 25
Yoo, K.H. 190
Zazueta, F.S. 201
Zekri, M. 68
Zheng, Y.B. 241
Zilberman, D. 67
Zimet, D. 250
Zoldoske, D. 28
Subject Index
Accuracy 149
Adjuvants 162
Agricultural chemicals 21
Agricultural development 89
Agricultural engineering 227
Agricultural land 171, 176
Agricultural pollution 165
Agricultural prices 235
Agricultural production 97
Agricultural sector 32
Agriculture 214
Agropyron 103
Alabama 190
Alaska 234
Ammonium nitrogen 65
Ammonium sulfate 65
Anaerobic digestion 3
Analysis of covariance 5
Antitranspirants 6
Application 10, 21, 57, 189, 207
Application date 65, 70
Application depth 59, 70
Application methods 7, 105, 149, 172
Application rates 7, 72, 83, 105, 162, 170, 241
Application to land 140, 241
Appropriate technology 150
Aquifers 29, 173
Arachis hypogaea 175
Areas 215
Arid climate 2, 88, 246
Arid lands 89
Arid zones 62, 176
Arizona 70, 104, 106, 123, 128, 131, 189, 199, 246, 258, 264
Asia 143
Australia 10, 195
Authority 153
Automatic irrigation 213
Automatic irrigation systems 10, 196
Automation 84
Available water capacity 38
Backfilling 182
Bangladesh 92
Basin irrigation 25
Bedding 224
Beliefs 188
Beta vulgaris 116
Bibliographies 43
Biomass 79, 212
Biomass production 104
Boll 34
Bolls 264
Border irrigation 10d
Brassica campestris 87, 176
Brassica juncea 62
Brassica oleracea var. capitata 136
Cabt 39, 109, 117, 133, 147, 179, 189, 194, 247
Calcium 206
Calibration 151
California 1, 2, 11, 42, 46, 52, 67, 73, 75, 91, 94, 99, 99,
107, 110, 112, 113, 117, 130, 131, 185, 204, 206, 211, 218,
220, 223, 228, 229, 232, 251, 252, 254, 257, 262, 263
Camellia sinensis 192
Canals 9, 92, 153
Canopy 4, 66, 155, 177
Capacity 201
Capillary irrigation 180
Carbon 17
Carya illinoensis 44, 93
Case studies 18, 117, 225
Catchment planning 106
Cell differentiation 65
Center pivot irrigation 22, 50, 86, 145, 172, 203
Centrifugal pumps 19, 174, 201
Characteristics 40, 263
Charges 231
Chemical composition 25, 116
China 187
Cicer arietinum 60
Citrullus lanatus 177
Citrus 23, 68, 109, 118, 206
Citrus sinensis 249
Clay loam soils 58, 95, 116
Clay soils 15, 42, 154, 155, 194
Climate 40
Climatic factors 126, 153
Coefficient of determination 36
Coefficient of relationship 53
Colombia 193
Colorado 27, 29, 86, 188, 197, 198, 230
Comparisons 247
Computer analysis 136, 167
Computer applications 28, 197, 213
Computer simulation 47, 181, 222
Computer software 1, 28, 136, 157, 204
Concentration 113
Conferences 97
Conservation tillage 163, 245
Constraints 32
Construction 194
Consultants 188
Container gardening 208
Container grown plants 4, 7, 160
Containers 4
Cooperation 199
Cost analysis 24, 143, 150
Cost benefit analysis 8, 13, 82, 92, 122, 125, 148
Cost control 75
Costs 30, 45, 50, 122, 185, 211, 231
Cotton 67
Coverage 5, 71
Cracking 42
Crop enterprises 118
Crop growth stage 168, 175, 260, 264
Crop management 6
Crop production 24, 50, 110, 117, 135, 147, 159, 164, 240
Crop quality 6, 25, 68, 79, 116, 123
Crop yield 2, 6, 8, 12, 26, 34, 35, 38, 45, 46, 50, 55, 57,
58, 59, 64, 65, 78, 79, 85, 116, 120, 123, 130, 135, 142, 149,
154, 162, 164, 185, 191, 193, 197, 198, 200, 215, 218, 241,
242, 247, 249, 254, 256, 260, 264
Crop yields 37
Cropping systems 164, 193
Crops 113, 171
Crops and water 37, 245
Crude protein 79, 200
Crusts 162
Cucumis sativus 198
Cucurbita 120
Cucurbita foetidissima 120, 123
Cucurbita pepo 136
Cultivars 2, 60, 101, 102, 142, 175, 191, 202, 228, 263
Cultural methods 102, 112
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba 142
Cynodon dactylon 15, 88
Dams 9
Daucus carota 130, 197
Decision making 40, 47, 53, 140, 166, 168, 169, 195, 213,
235, 243
Deep percolation 42
Demand functions 74
Denitrification 65
Density 4
Depth 140
Deserts 176
Design 30, 84
Design criteria 19
Developing countries 70, 143
Development projects 143
Dicyandiamide 65
Digestibility 103
Dikes 58, 194
Discing 112
Dispersion 5
Distribution 71, 73, 140, 207
Diurnal variation 39
Double cropping 135
Drain pipes 42
Drainage 41, 67, 165, 182, 223, 227, 239, 243
Drainage water 52, 94, 113, 176, 185
Drought 18, 77, 91, 97
Drought resistance 6, 175, 178Ž
Dry conditions 62
Dry farming 34, 51, 256
Dry matter 176
Dry matter accumulation 79, 191
Dry season 135
Dynamic programming 166
East asia 153
Econometric models 53, 235
Economic aspects 49, 90
Economic evaluation 53
Economic factors 52
Economic impact 51
Economic sociology 233
Economic viability 50, 174
Efficiency 3, 4, 10, 12, 13, 19, 30, 32, 42, 44, 71, 73, 78,
93, 114, 129, 133, 174, 181, 182, 183, 201, 207, 209, 214,
228, 257
Egypt 70, 156
Electric motors 183
Electricity 32
Energy conservation 13, 27, 48, 86, 105, 129, 137, 148, 222,
223, 230
Energy consumption 32, 78, 133
Energy cost of production 77
Energy requirements 132
Energy resources 77
Environmental policy 67
Equations 18, 164
Equipment 228
Eragrostis curvula 79
Erosion 98
Erosion control 69, 98
Estimation 80
Euphorbia pulcherrima 180
Evaluation 73, 83, 114
Evaporation 108, 115, 247
Evapotranspiration 2, 6, 28, 38, 66, 87, 88, 104, 116, 126,
142, 154, 155, 179, 180, 192, 202, 210, 212, 218, 241, 254,
256
Experimental design 192
Experimental stations 188
Fallow 242
Farm inputs 67
Farm management 67, 195, 243
Farm size 12
Farm storage 39
Farmers 188, 231
Farmers' attitudes 53, 153, 188
Farmland 67
Farms 30, 85
Feasibility studies 50
Fees 52
Fertigation 22, 64, 72, 218
Fertilizer application 260
Fertilizer-pesticide mixtures 21
Fertilizers 21, 57
Fertirrigation 219
Festuca arundinacea 17
Field capacity 38, 126
Fields 169
Filters 182
Fixed costs 24
Flood irrigation 93
Flooded rice 65, 194
Florida 4, 24, 68, 105, 109, 122, 159, 170, 174, 212, 250
Foliar diagnosis 68
Food crops 164
Forage 176
Fragaria ananassa 64, 85
France 9
Frequency 105, 127
Frost a106
Fruit 25, 115, 263
Fruit crops 109
Fruit trees 73, 215, 216
Fruiting 246, 264
Fruits 46, 64
Furrow irrigation 26, 48, 51, 61, 65, 69, 81, 94, 98, 102,
177, 185, 221, 222, 224, 247, 263
Furrows 95
Game theory 12
Gardening 76
Gas exchange 17, 155
Genotypes 17, 62
Geographical distribution 188
Glycine max 48, 102, 126, 127, 162
Gossypium 33, 45, 149, 154, 155, 163, 242
Gossypium hirsutum 34, 35, 148, 185, 202, 211, 246, 264
Government 143
Government policy 21
Grain 58, 65, 191, 224, 260
Grapes 118
Gravity 193
Greenhouse culture 72, 100
Greenhouse experimentation 54, 237
Greenhouses 152
Groundwater 40, 188, 199
Groundwater level 173
Groundwater pollution 16
Growth 56, 72, 101, 106, 115, 178
Growth habit 102
Growth models 47, 135, 197
Growth rate 57, 58, 79, 103, 123, 175, 191
Guidelines 119
Gypsum blocks 29, 237
Harvest index 175
Harvesting 241
Haryana 62, 87
Heading 65, 260
Heat sums 34
Hedera helix 72
Helianthus annuus 55
Herbage 79
High water tables 24
Highlands 192
Historical records 173
History 214
Horticultural crops 109
Hybrids 176, 179
Hydraulic systems 19, 36
Hydraulics 10, 41, 70
Hydrophobicity 162
Idaho 6, 235
Ilex crenata 250
Ilex vomitoria 250
Illinois 12, 126
Improvement 159
Incentives 52
India 32, 78, 114, 153
Infiltration 58, 94, 95, 140, 206, 221
Information 169
Information services 188
Information systems 251
Innovation adoption 23, 47, 67, 188, 235
Innovations 117, 196
Input output analysis 78
Insecticides 22
Installations 45
Intensification 193
Interactions 34, 191
Internal combustion engines 183
International comparisons 239
International cooperation 97
Investment 118
Irrigated conditions 17, 20, 46, 62, 88, 104, 112, 154, 155
Irrigated farming 10, 34, 38, 40, 67, 78, 85, 118, 164, 199,
233, 260
Irrigated sites 156
Irrigated soils 176
Irrigation 1, 4, 9, 14, 23, 29, 36, 42, 49, 60, 66, 68, 72,
77, 80, 89, 92, 96, 97, 100, 110, 112, 113, 117, 121, 122,
126, 127, 128, 131, 138, 139, 144, 158, 159, 161, 163, 171,
175, 179, 184, 188, 192, 214, 229, 234, 239, 240, 241, 242,
244, 251, 252, 253, 261
Irrigation canals and flumes 146
Irrigation channels 122
Irrigation efficiency 21, 37, 90, 96, 124, 134, 165, 186,
208, 236, 245, 248, 259, 259
Irrigation equipment 10, 19, 32, 84, 132, 145, 183, 223, 255
Irrigation farming 90, 236, 245
Irrigation requirements 63, 95, 113, 116, 120, 123, 140, 164,
168, 170, 180, 191, 197, 213, 256, 260
Irrigation scheduling 2, 7, 11, 23, 28, 33, 46, 47, 55, 58,
59, 61, 64, 79, 87, 88, 90, 91, 108, 115, 116, 119, 121, 123,
125, 126, 130, 134, 135, 136, 137, 142, 147, 153, 155, 164,
166, 167, 168, 180, 197, 198, 200, 202, 211, 213, 237, 241,
246, 260, 263, 264
Irrigation systems 6, 8, 11, 13, 24, 27, 30, 33, 35, 51, 52,
54, 56, 71, 72, 73, 75, 82, 83, 85, 94, 100, 105, 107, 114,
122, 129, 133, 138, 141, 148, 149, 151, 152, 156, 157, 160,
164, 167, 187, 190, 193, 201, 202, 205, 217, 220, 223, 232,
249, 250, 262
Irrigation water 12, 14, 15, 18, 30, 39, 52, 53, 58, 74, 76,
83, 95, 111, 119, 125, 126, 134, 140, 142, 143, 147, 156, 159,
165, 169, 170, 173, 189, 195, 196, 207, 222, 225, 226, 231,
235, 241, 243, 253, 258
Isotopes 17
Israel 23, 56, 115
Japan 18
Juglans 228, 252
Kansas 48, 150, 188
Karnataka 168
Labor costs 40, 84, 148, 216
Lakes 156
Land development 89
Land ownership 131
Land use 251
Landscape 76, 99
Landscape architecture 262
Landscape architecture in water conservation 99
Landscape gardening 121, 144
Landscaping 261
Law 199, 258
Law enforcement 153
Lawns and turf 20, 75, 83, 88, 189, 217
Leaching 15, 88, 111
Leaf area 4
Leaf water potential 60, 246, 264
Leaves 103
Lilium 72
Linings 92, 146
Lint 34, 154
Livestock 150
Loam soils 15, 154, 155
Local government 229
Location theory 74
Lolium multiflorum 238
Lolium perenne 88
Losses from soil 247
Losses from soil systems 65
Lupinus albus 200
Lycopersicon esculentum 26, 46, 54, 122, 218, 237, 254, 263
Lysimeters 36, 151, 209, 212
Maintenance 107, 148
Maize 12, 53
Management 251
Management by objectives 114
Marginal analysis 74, 143
Markets 12, 243
Mathematical models 38, 168, 180
Mathematics 241
Mauritius 205
Maximum yield 38, 256
Measurement 114, 259, 259
Medicago sativa 2, 63, 66, 125, 241, 256
Methane production 3
Methodology 80
Mexico 193, 225
Microcomputers 157
Microirrigation 109, 174
Millets 78
Mineral nutrition 68
Minimum tillage systems 48, 242
Minnesota 200
Mississippi 194
Missouri 65, 158
Mite control 22
Models 30, 166, 167
Molasses 116
Morocco 193
Mulching 26
Multiple cropping 78, 168
Musa 25
Myrica cerifera 250
Nebraska 188
Nevada 84, 88, 173, 241
New Mexico 93, 188
New South Wales 118, 249
New York 147
Nigeria 36
Nitrate nitrogen 65
Nitrification 65
Nitrogen 57
Nitrogen fertilizers 34, 104, 116, 191, 192, 254, 260
Nitrogen fixation 238
Nitrogen metabolism 65
Nitrogen uptake 34
Nonionic surfactants 162
North Carolina 41, 129, 137, 183
Northwest, Pacific 90, 90, 90
Nozzles 71, 151
Npk fertilizers 72, 79
Numerical analysis 42
Nurseries 117, 160, 219, 232
Nursery management 178
Nutrient content 65
Nutrient deficiencies 65
Nutrient requirements 72
Nutrient sources 65
Nutrient uptake 249
Oilseeds 120
Oklahoma 59, 247
Onobrychis viciifolia 256
Operating costs 84, 157
Operation 18
Operation on slopes 69
Optimization 8, 164, 169
Optimization methods 53
Orchards 23, 25, 44, 93, 107, 206, 252
Oregon 38, 69, 80, 235
Organizations 214
Ornamental plants 109, 170, 178
Oryza sativa 65, 101, 135, 240
Overhead irrigation 160, 178
Overhead sprayers 4
Ozone 66
Pakistan 8, 133
Panicles 65
Parthenium argentatum 56, 104
Pastures 244
Patterns 71, 207
Performance 10, 13, 114, 228
Performance appraisals 85, 193
Performance indexes 114
Performance testing3 5, 172, 174, 183
Performance traits 19
Permeability 95, 182
Persea Americana 11, 115
Pesticide application 149
Philippines 193, 240
Phosphogypsum 58
Phosphorus fertilizers 162, 254
Photinia fraseri 250
Photosynthesis 17, 155
Photovoltaic cells 174
Physical planning 53
Pine bark 7
Pittosporum tobira 4
Plains 188
Planning 18
Plant analysis 65
Plant composition 116
Plant density 57, 142
Plant development 87, 102
Plant effects 137
Plant height 79
Plant production 61, 102, 112, 228
Plant water relations 87, 102, 127, 178, 250
Planting date 179
Planting stock 16
Plants 177
Plants, Effect of water levels on 208
Plastic cladding 54
Plastic mulches 26
Pods 175
Pollution 67
Pollution by agriculture 111, 113
Polyacrylamide 58
Ponding 39
Potassium fertilizers 162, 254
Precipitation 241
Prediction 180
Preplanting treatment 61
Pressure 71, 105, 220
Price policy 52, 67
Prices 113
Probabilistic models 77
Probability analysis 40
Problem analysis 85, 187
Problem solving 85
Processing 263
Production functions 53, 195, 234, 241
Profit functions 40
Profitability 67
Profits 110, 185, 211
Program evaluation 89
Programs 244
Project appraisal 171, 258
Projects 36
Protein content 191, 200
Prunus amygdalus 112
Prunus persica 215
Public relations 232
Pumps 13, 32, 132, 133, 157, 183
Purity 116
Pyrolysis 3
Quality 103, 263
Queensland 101, 175
Questionnaires 231
Rain 78, 135, 137, 175, 181
Range management 150
Rangelands 150
Rate of wetting 5
Reclamation 239
Recovery 143
Recursive programming 47
Regional surveys 188
Regrowth 79
Remote sensing 227
Removal 3
Reproductive physiology 60
Reservoirs 18
Residues 3
Resins 104
Responses 170
Returns 50, 193
Rhizosphere 126
Rhododendron 4
Rice 78
Right of access 12, 233
Ripping 95
Risk 169
Risks 53, 59
River water 14
Rivers 9, 187, 195
Role perception 143
Root crops 123
Root distribution 15
Root hydraulic conductivity 246
Root systems 79, 123, 264
Rooting 87
Roots 116
Rosa 108
Rotations 176
Row spacing 120, 154, 155, 200, 202
Rubber 56, 104
Runoff 58, 111
Runoff irrigation 40
Runoff water 69, 89
Rural areas 229
Saccharum 205
Saccharum officinarum 212
Saline water 15, 89
Salinity 187, 195, 244
Salinization 258
Salt 113
Sandy loam soils 15, 142, 206
Sandy soils 24, 154, 176
Saskatchewan 191
Satellite imagery 227
Saudi arabia 55, 89
Savannas 36
Seasonal fluctuations 256
Seasonal growth 241
Seasonal variation 116, 135, 241
Seed production 60, 62, 120, 130, 142
Seed weight 200
Seeding 57
Seeds 130, 162, 200
Seepage 194
Selection criteria 19
Selenium 113
Self propelled irrigation systems 172
Semiarid climate 2
Semiarid climates 123
Semiarid soils 242
Semiarid zones 127, 184
Shadow prices 77
Shoot pruning 79
Silt 15
Simmondsia chinensis 106
Simulation 18
Simulation models 12, 14, 39, 41, 47, 59, 67, 74, 82, 135,
154, 182, 210, 213, 243
Size 4, 46
Soil 40, 227
Soil analysis 65
Soil and water conservation 48, 69, 242
Soil chemistry 65
Soil compaction 95, 112
Soil conservation 227
Soil depth 247
Soil management 95
Soil moisture 28, 62, 106, 186, 216, 259, 259, 260
Soil structure 58
Soil texture 252
Soil treatment 58
Soil treatmentsñ 206
Soil types 126, 175
Soil water 33, 68, 127, 184, 192, 215, 224, 247
Soil water balance 88, 135, 205, 252
Soil water content 56, 58, 88, 116, 130, 137, 227, 241, 252
Soil water deficit 66
Soil water movement 42, 205, 223, 247
Soil water potential 64, 237
Soils, Irrigated 186
Solanum tuberosum 6, 69
Solar energy 174
Sorghum 47, 51, 59, 95, 242
Sorghum bicolor 61, 179, 224, 247
Southern plains states of U.S.A. 188
Sowing date 60, 101
Soybeans 78
Spacing 4, 42, 59, 71
Spain 64, 85
Spatial distribution 160
Spatial variation 74, 169
Spraylines 5
Spring 200
Sprinkler irrigation 2, 4, 5, 31, 40, 47, 50, 53, 57, 83, 84,
101, 140, 148, 149, 162, 200, 204, 207, 209, 210, 222, 256
Sri lanka 135
Starch 123
Starch crops 123
State government 229
Statistics 80, 129
Stems 103
Stochastic models 169, 234
Stochastic processes 53, 59
Stomatal resistance 246
Storage 224
Straw 98
Straw mulches 69
Stream flow 14
Structural change 233
Structure 214
Subsurface drainage 42, 113, 124, 181
Subsurface irrigation 24, 26, 122, 181, 185, 211, 212, 218,
219, 257
Sucrose 116
Sudan 193
Sugar extraction quality 116
Sulfur coated urea 65
Surface irrigation 70, 140, 202, 230
Surface treatment 58
Surface water 187
Surveys 85, 171, 231, 234
Syria 60
Systems 30
Tagetes erecta 7
Tamil nadu 82
Tanks 82
Tanzania 192
Taxes 74
Teaching materials 227
Techniques 117, 228
Technology 23, 40, 47, 118, 235
Temperature 177
Temperature relations 66
Tennessee 219
Tensiometers 137, 198, 205, 237
Tests 35
Texas 22, 33, 34, 35, 45, 50, 51, 61, 76, 116, 132, 144, 145,
148, 151, 154, 155, 162, 179, 203, 209, 210, 224, 242, 256,
260
Thailand 39, 193
Thermal efficiency 132
Thermometers 66
Tillage 61, 190, 224
Tillering 65, 260
Timing 34, 57, 260
Topography 40
Trade publications 188
Transpiration 175, 246
Trees 121
Trends 214
Trickle irrigation 7, 16, 24, 25, 26, 43, 44, 45, 46, 56, 67,
85, 115, 122, 130, 140, 147, 177, 202, 205, 206, 215, 216,
218, 219, 228, 230, 232, 237, 246, 254, 257, 263, 264
Trifolium alexandrinum 238
Triticum 242
Triticum aestivum 36, 57, 58, 191, 260
Tropics 127, 184
Trunks 115
Tube wells 187
Tubes 31
Turkey 25
Turkmen ssr 176
U.S.A. 40, 157, 171, 181, 225, 233, 243, 244, 261
United States 21, 21, 21, 21, 49, 49, 49, 146, 146
Universities 188
Urban areas 121, 229
Urea 65
Urea ammonium nitrate 65
Usage 188
Use efficiency 143, 162, 169
Utah 77, 125
Utilization 135
Validity 135
Variable costs 24
Variance 140
Variation 220
Varietal effects 191
Varietal reactions 2
Vegetables 76, 109, 147
Venezuela 81
Victoria 102
Vineyards 206
Virginia 14
Vitis 161
Volatilization 65
Washington 17, 167, 235
Waste treatment 3
Waste utilization 226
Waste water 68, 189, 226
Waste water disposal 176
Water 73, 113
Water absorption 112, 221
Water advance 94
Water allocation 14, 74, 77, 166, 167, 168, 199, 241, 243
Water availability 77, 168, 193
Water balance 115, 156
Water budget 262
Water composition and quality 178, 244
Water conservation 8, 16, 18, 20, 23, 27, 29, 31, 40, 41, 43,
49, 65, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 80, 88, 92, 94, 95, 97, 98, 99,
100, 105, 108, 109, 110, 111, 113, 117, 118, 119, 125, 129,
131, 135, 137, 138, 139, 141, 144, 146, 147, 148, 151, 152,
158, 159, 166, 167, 170, 173, 180, 184, 185, 188, 189, 190,
194, 196, 199, 203, 211, 216, 217, 226, 227, 229, 230, 232,
233, 234, 235, 236, 239, 244, 245, 253, 258, 262
Water content 177
Water costs 40, 52, 53, 67, 74, 143, 187, 225
Water deficit 7, 60, 64, 173, 175, 192
Water distribution 30, 91, 193, 220, 222
Water flow 70, 80
Water harvesting 106, 184
Water law 233
Water management 8, 9, 29, 41, 52, 65, 81, 82, 86, 88, 97,
114, 128, 129, 142, 148, 156, 164, 179, 181, 188, 202, 228,
229, 239, 240, 244, 252, 257
Water policy 214, 225, 235, 243
Water pollution 111, 113, 258
Water potential 2
Water quality 243
Water relations 17
Water requirements 23, 30, 36, 38, 43, 44, 104, 110, 130,
171, 173, 184, 189, 224, 240, 247
Water reservoirs 14, 168
Water resource management 51, 89, 199, 214, 258
Water resources 173
Water reuse 15, 232
Water soluble compounds 206
Water stress 2, 6, 23, 56, 66, 123, 161, 166, 175, 260
Water supplies 34, 233
Water supply 135, 239
Water table 41, 157, 181
Water troughs 150
Water uptake 15, 87, 102, 224, 246, 247, 249, 264
Water use 18, 30, 33, 62, 66, 111, 117, 126, 130, 152, 173,
181, 189
Water use efficiency 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 14, 15, 17, 24,
25, 26, 28, 34, 36, 38, 39, 45, 46, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55,
56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 70, 72, 74, 75, 76,
77, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, 91, 101, 102, 103, 104,
106, 107, 112, 115, 116, 120, 121, 122, 123, 126, 127, 128,
130, 136, 140, 142, 147, 148, 150, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157,
159, 160, 161, 164, 166, 168, 171, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179,
187, 191, 192, 193, 195, 197, 198, 200, 202, 204, 205, 206,
210, 212, 213, 215, 218, 219, 220, 224, 225, 231, 232, 234,
237, 238, 240, 241, 243, 246, 247, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253,
254, 255, 256, 260, 261, 263, 264
Water yield 70
Water, Underground 49, 96, 124
Waterlogging 187
Watersheds 12, 14, 41
Weather data 251
Weed control 257
Weeds 200
Weight 64
Wells 89
West (U.S.) 259, 259
Western australia 127
Western states of U.S.A. 214
Wet season 135
Wheat 78
Winter wheat 260
Wood 3
Woody plants 178
Xeric regimes 262
Xerophytes 120
Yield components 34, 38, 175, 200, 260
Yield factors 102
Yield increases 60, 202, 203, 264
Yield losses 2
Yield response functions 25, 34, 38, 54, 64, 104, 115, 120,
125, 177, 191, 192, 205, 210, 224, 237, 263
Yields 14, 51, 56, 62, 101, 104, 108, 110, 115, 161, 169,
211, 212
Yugoslavia 182
Zea mays 38, 48, 50, 126, 210, 234, 242
The Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, afsic@nal.usda.gov
http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/AFSIC_pubs/qb94-35.htm, September 1994
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