TITLE: Legumes in Crop Rotations
PUBLICATION DATE: June 1994
ENTRY DATE: April 1995
EXPIRATION DATE:
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ISSN: 1052-5378
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Legumes in Crop Rotations
January 1990 - December 1993
QB 94-38
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Legumes in Crop Rotations
January 1990 - December 1993
Quick Bibliography Series: QB 94-38
Updates QB 90-02 and QB 88-45
429 citations in English from AGRICOLA
Mary V. Gold
Alternative Farming Systems Information Center
June 1994
National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
Gold, Mary V.
Legumes in crop rotations : January 1990-December 1993.
(Quick bibliography series ; 94-38)
1. Crop rotation--Bibliography. 2. Legumes--Bibliography. I. Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.94-38
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Citation # NAL Call No.
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Author. Place of publication: Publisher. Journal Title.
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Morrison, S.B. Denver, Colo.: American School Food Service
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(8). p.48-50. ill.
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Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
Kane, June Kozak. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.
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All aboard the nutri-train.
Mayo, Cynthia. Richmond, Va.: Richmond Public Schools, 1981. NET funded.
Activity packet prepared by Cynthia
Mayo. 1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +
activity packet.
Legumes in Crop Rotations
SEARCH STRATEGY
Set Description
=== ============
S1. ROTAT? OR (GREEN()MANURE?) OR (COVER()CROP?) OR (CROP?(2N)SEQUENCE?)
OR (LEY()FARM?) OR LEYS
S2 LEGUM? OR ARACHIS OR PEANUT? OR GROUNDNUT? OR ASTRAGALUS OR CROTALARIA
OR (GLYCINE MAX) OR SOYBEAN? OR SOYA? OR LUPIN? OR MEDICAGO OR ALFALFA
OR MELIOTUS OR CLOVER OR MUCUNA OR BEAN OR BEANS OR PISUM OR PUERARIA
OR SESBANIA OR TRIFOLIUM OR VICIA OR VIGNA OR CANAVALIA OR LATHYRUS OR
LENS OR PEA OR PEAS OR PHASEOLUS OR AESCHYNOMENE OR ASTRAGALUS OR
CALOPOGONIUM OR CENTROSEMA OR INDIGOFERA OR VETCH OR COWPEA? OR MEDIC
S3 S1 AND S2
S4 S3 NOT (ORCHARD? OR FOREST? OR PASTUR? OR GRAZ?)
S5 S4 NOT (RNA OR TRNA OR MRNA OR DNA)
S6 S5/ENGLISH
S7 S6/1990-1993
Legumes in Crop Rotations
1 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N6N62
1989 soybean on-farm test report.
Dunphy, E.J.
Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1991 Mar.
AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North Carolina State
University v.): 29 p.; 1991 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Glycine max; Varieties; Rotations; Crop yield;
Seed sources; Row spacing; Tillage; Repellents; Statistics; Variety trials
2 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27P
1991 crop enterprise budgets: winter wheat-dry pea rotation -- Columbia County,
Washington.
Hinman, H.; Schirman, R.
Pullman, Wash. : The Service; 1991 Aug.
Extension bulletin - Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Service
(1617): 19 p.; 1991 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Triticum aestivum; Rotations; Farm budgeting; Cost
analysis; Pisum sativum
3 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.A2C47
1992 peanut: insect, disease, nematode, and weed control recommendations.
Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1992 Feb.
Circular ANR - Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn University (360):
11 p.; 1992 Feb. In Subseries: Integrated Pest Management. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Arachis hypogaea; Insect control; Disease control;
Nematode control; Weed control; Integrated pest management; Insects;
Insecticides; Plant diseases; Nematoda; Fungicides; Nematicides; Herbicides;
Weeds; Rotations; Record keeping
4 NAL Call. No.: S650.83.M36 1991
Accounting for nitrogen in nonequilibrium soil-crop systems.
Schepers, J.S.; Mosier, A.R.
Madison, Wis. : Soil Science Society of America; 1991.
Managing nitrogen for groundwater quality and farm profitability : proceedings
of a symposium. p. 125-138; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nitrogen fertilizers; Crop management; Soil analysis;
Mineralization; Irrigation water; Legumes; Rotations; Animal manures;
Volatilization
5 NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6
Accumulation of some metals by legumes and their extractability from acid mine
spoils.
Taylor, R.W.; Ibeabuci, I.O.; Sistani, K.R.; Shuford, J.W.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Apr.
Journal of environmental quality v. 21 (2): p. 176-180; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Glycine max; Vigna unguiculata; Trifolium incarnatum;
Trifolium pratense; Lespedeza striata; Lespedeza cuneata; Heavy metals; Ion
uptake; Coal mine spoil; Dry matter accumulation; Phytotoxicity; Extraction;
Soil analysis; Soil acidity; Spoil heap soils; Reclamation
Abstract: A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the growth (dry
matter yield) of selected legume cover crops; phytoaccumulation of metals such
as Zn, Ma, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Al; and extractability of heavy metals from three
different Alabama acid mine spoils. The spoils were amended based on soil test
recommended levels of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg prior to plant growth. Metals were
extracted by three extractants (Mehlich 1, DTPA, and 0.1 M HCl) and values
correlated with their accumulation by the selected legumes. Among the cover
crops, kobe lespedeza [Lespedeza striata (Thung.) Hook & Arn.], sericea
lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.) G. Don], and red clover (Trifolium pratense
L.) did not survive the stressful conditions of the spoils. However, cowpea
(Vigna unguiculata L.) followed by 'Bragg' soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
generally produced the highest dry matter yield while accumulating the largest
quantity of metals, except Al, from spoils. The extractability of most metals
from the spoils was generally in the order of: 0.1 M HCl > Mehlich 1 > DTPA.
Mehlich 1 did not extract Pb and 0.1 M HCl did not extract Ni, whereas DTPA
extracted all the metals in a smiler amount relative to HCl and Mehlich 1. All
the extractants were quite effective in removing plant-available Zn from the
spoils. In general, the extractants' ability to predict plant-available metals
depended on the crop species, spoil type, and extractant used.
6 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
Acidification of soil associated with lupins grown in a crop rotation in
north-eastern Victoria.
Coventry, D.R.; Slattery, W.J.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1991.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 42 (3): p. 391-397; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Victoria; Lupinus; Rotations; Triticum; Acidification; Long term
experiments; Leaching; Nitrates; Rain; Sandy loam soils; Soil acidity; Soil ph;
Alkalinity; Crop yield; Continuous cropping
7 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
Acidification of soil assoicated with lupins grown in a crop rotation in
north-eastern Victoria.
Coventry, D.R.; Slattery, W.J.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1991.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 42 (3): p. 391-397; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Victoria; Triticum; Lupinus; Soil acidity; Soil ph; Long term
experiments; Rotations
8 NAL Call. No.: SB998.N4N4
Additional studies on the use of bahiagrass for the management of root-knot and
cyst nematodes in soybean.
Rodriguez-Kabana, R.; Weaver, D.B.; Robertson, D.G.; Carden, E.L.; Pegues, M.L.
Auburn, Ala. : Organization of Tropical American Nematologists; 1991 Dec.
Nematropica v. 21 (2): p. 203-210; 1991 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Cultivars; Pest resistance; Heterodera glycines;
Meloidogyne arenaria; Aldicarb; Chemical control; Cultural control;
Monoculture; Nematode control; Paspalum notatum; Rotations
9 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
Agricultural use of organic amendments: a historical perspective.
Parr, J.F.; Hornick, S.B.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1992.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 7 (4): p. 181-189; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Organic fertilizers; History; Erosion; Composting; Soil organic
matter; Sewage sludge; Solid wastes; Soil fertility
Abstract: Agricultural research conducted in the United States since
establishment of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture and Land-Grant University
System in 1862 has shown that regular and proper additions of organic
materials are very important for maintaining the tilth, fertility, and
productivity of agricultural soils, protecting them from wind and water
erosion, and preventing nutrient losses by runoff and leaching. Several
millennia earlier, Roman agriculturists were advocating crop rotations, green
manuring, composts, legumes, farmyard manures, crop residues, wood ashes,
seaweed, and sewage wastes for supplying humus and nutrients to restore or
enhance soil productivity. Even earlier, Asian farmers also used these
practices to maintain healthy and productive soils. Today the most serious
problem in U.S. agriculture and agriculture worldwide is the widespread
degradation of agricultural soils through erosion and the consequential
decline in productivity. In view of how much information is available on the
benefits of organic recycling on agricultural lands, one wonders why we aren't
doing a better job of protecting and conserving our land resource base. We
discuss strategies for using organic resources more effectively to achieve a
more sustainable agriculture for the future.
10 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Agroecosystem management effects on soil carbon and nitrogen.
Wood, C.W.; Edwards, J.H.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 Apr.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 39 (3/4): p. 123-138; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Tillage; Conservation tillage; Continuous cropping;
Rotations; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; Glycine max; Soil fertility; Nitrogen;
Carbon; Soil organic matter; Crop residues; Mineralization; Nutrient
availability; Soil depth; Biological activity in soil; Subtropics
11 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Allelopathy and autotoxicity in alfalfa: characterization and effects of
preceding crops and residue incorporation.
Hegde, R.S.; Miller, D.A.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1990 Nov.
Crop science v. 30 (6): p. 1255-1259; 1990 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Medicago sativa; Sorghum bicolor; Rotations; Sequential
cropping; Allelopathy; Allelopathins; Phytotoxicity; Crop residues; Roots;
Shoots; Incorporation; Leachates; Bioassays; Seed germination; Growth rate
Abstract: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is known to be both autotoxic and
allelopathic. Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to
determine if 'WL-316' alfalfa exhibits short-term autotoxicity and long-term
autotoxicity and allelopathy. Long-term autotoxicity and allelopathy of
alfalfa were verified at Urbana, IL, by comparing the germination and growth of
alfalfa and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] on Flanagan silt loam (fine,
montmorillonitic, mesic Aquic Argiudoll) previously cropped to alfalfa
(alfalfa-soil) and sorghum (sorghum-soil). Short-term autotoxicity of alfalfa
was investigated by studying the effect of incorporating its roots only and
both roots and shoots on the germination and growth of alfalfa in alfalfa-soil
and sorghum-soil. The data were further supported by a laboratory bioassay of
seedling exudate and shoot leachate of alfalfa and sorghum. Plant height and
fresh weight per plant of alfalfa and fresh weight per plant of sorghum were
lower on alfalfa-soil than on sorghum-soil. Germination percentages of both
alfalfa and sorghum and plant height of sorghum were unaffected by the
preceding crop. The two soils differed in nutrient content, but fertility was
high and should not have been limiting to the growth of either crop. As a
result, allelopathic/autotoxic compounds in alfalfa-soil were implicated in the
growth inhibition of the two crops. Soil incorporation of fresh alfalfa roots
only or both roots and shoots reduced alfalfa emergence, plant height, and dry
weight per plant. Primary effects of water-soluble inhibitory
compounds from alfalfa shoot appeared to be on germination and radicle
elongation, the latter being apparently more sensitive than the former.
Alfalfa allelopathy seems to be more severe than autotoxicity. A flow diagram
describes different kinds of allelopathy and autotoxicity and various
situations that verify the existence of a particular kind of allelopathy or
autotoxicity.
12 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.S86S8
Alternative soil and pest management practices for sustainable production of
fresh-market cabbage.
Roberts, B.W.; Cartwright, B.
Binghamton, N.Y. : Food Products Press; 1991.
Journal of sustainable agriculture v. 1 (3): p. 21-35; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Brassica oleracea; Secale cereale; Vicia villosa; Cover
crops; Soil; Sustainability; Soil management; Pest management
13 NAL Call. No.: SB998.N4N4
American jointvetch and partridge pea for the management of Meloidogyne
arenaria in peanut.
Rodriguez-Kabana, R.; Robertson, D.G.; King, P.S.; Wells, L.
Auburn, Ala. : Organization of Tropical American Nematologists; 1991 Jun.
Nematropica v. 21 (1): p. 97-103; 1991 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Arachis hypogaea; Crop yield; Meloidogyne arenaria;
Nematode control; Aldicarb; Cultural control; Rotations; Antagonists;
Aeschynomene Americana; Cassia
14 NAL Call. No.: 464.8 P692
Analysis of disease-progress curves for take-all in consecutive crops of
winter wheat.
Werker, A.R.; Gilligan, C.A.; Hornby, D.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Mar.
Plant pathology v. 40 (1): p. 8-24; 1991 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uk; Triticum aestivum; Phaseolus vulgaris; Gaeumannomyces
graminis; Continuous cropping; Rotations; Infections; Disease models; Incidence
Abstract: Disease-progress curves of take-all, caused by Gaeumannomyces
graminis var. tritici, were analysed for consecutive crops of winter wheat.
Comparisons were made over 9 years amongst a sequence of consecutive wheats and
first and second successive wheats grown after non-susceptible break crops
(spring beans). The principal objectives were to identify differences in the
shapes of the disease-progress curves that could be attributed to the
rotational treatments. Shapes of disease-progress curves were summarized by
average rate of disease increase and components for curvature together with the
mean amount of disease. Analyses were done for curves based upon
percentages of diseased plants and of diseased roots. Mean levels of disease in
second and continuous wheats rose from the start of the experiment (1979) to
reach a maximum in the middle years (1982-84) and thereafter declined. This
pattern was absent in first wheats in which disease progress within years was
rectilinear and comparatively slow. In second and continuous wheats, years of
high disease were characterized by more marked curvature than years of low
disease. For proportions of diseased plants, the rate of disease increase in
second and continuous wheats slowed as the season progressed. Differences in
shapes of disease-progress curves for second and continuous wheats were
apparent when proportions of diseased roots rather than plants were
considered. The average linear rate of increase in the proportion of diseased
roots in continuous wheats was intermediate in magnitude between those of first
and second wheats. Epidemics in second wheats were initially slow and
accelerated as the season progressed, whilst in continuous wheats, an early
faster rate of increase in disease subsequently slowed. Some epidemiological
consequences of these effects are discussed in relation to the phenomenon of
take-all decline, which is associated with the suppression of the disease in
cereal monoculture. The effects of cropping
15 NAL Call. No.: 464.9 C16S
Anthracnose and Ascochyta blight of lentil in central Saskatchewan in 1992.
Morrall, R.A.A.; Beaule, R.; Ahmed, S.; Downing, J.L.; Pearse, P.G.
Ottawa : Research Branch, Agriculture Canada; 1993.
Canadian plant disease survey v. 73 (1): p. 91-92; 1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Lens culinaris; Ascochyta fabae; Blight;
Colletotrichum truncatum; Fungal diseases; Rotations; Disease surveys
16 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 AU7
Atrazine persistence and toxicity in two irrigated soils of Australia.
Bowmer, K.H.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization;
1991.
Australian journal of soil research v. 29 (2): p. 339-350; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; Zea mays; Atrazine; Herbicide residues;
Persistence; Irrigated soils; Clay soils; Soil temperature; Phytotoxicity;
Bioassays; Glycine max; Avena sativa; Brassica campestris var. rapa; Rotations
17 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Availability of N from 15N-labeled alfalfa residues to three succeeding barley
crops under field conditions.
Ta, T.C.; Faris, M.A.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1990.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 22 (6): p. 835-838; 1990. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nitrogen; Availability; Labeling; Medicago sativa; Crop residues;
Hordeum vulgare; Field crops; Rotations; Dry matter; Cropping systems; Nitrogen
fixation
18 NAL Call. No.: 100 AL1H
Bahiagrass in rotations shows promise for boosting peanut yields.
Jacobi, J.C.; Backman, P.A.; Rodriguez-Kabana, R.; Robertson, D.G.
Auburn University, Ala. : The Station; 1991.
Highlights of agricultural research - Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station
v. 38 (2): p. 7; 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Arachis hypogaea; Crop yield; Fungal diseases; Disease
control; Paspalum notatum; Rotations
19 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Barley semidwarf and standard isotype yield and malting quality response to
nitrogen.
Nedel, J.L.; Ullrich, S.E.; Clancy, J.A.; Pan, W.L.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America, 1961-; 1993 Mar.
Crop science v. 33 (2): p. 258-263; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Cabt; Hordeum vulgare; Mutants; Dwarf cultivars;
Isotypes; Application rates; Nitrogen fertilizers; Correlated responses; Crop
yield; Crop quality; Malting quality; Grain; Yield components; Malting barley;
Rotations
Abstract: Introduction of certain semidwarf genes into wheat (Triticum spp.)
has improved N-use efficiency, particularly at high N supply. This study was
conducted to determine whether yield and grain quality differ between standard
height (STD) and mutant semidwarf (SD) malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
isotypes with varying levels of N supply. Isotype pairs ('Morex', 'Hazen',
'Norbert', and 'Andre') and check cultivars (Steptoe, Klages) were grown with
30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha-1 in 1987 and 1989. Yield, grain characteristics,
and malting quality parameters were evaluated. The STD isotypes had higher
yield (6781 vs. 5642 and 5202 vs. 4504 kg ha-1 in 1987 and 1989, respectively)
and generally higher values for yield components and harvest index, as well as
better grain quality than their respective SD isotypes; however, two-row SD
isotypes had better malting quality than their STD isotypes. The generally
superior performance of STD isotypes in part may be due to the SD isotypes
being raw induced mutants that had not been improved by crossing. Malting
quality parameters, such as total malt protein and malt extract, were affected
negatively by N >60 kg ha-1, when the preceding crop was pea (Pisum sativum L.;
high N); however, for yield and some malt quality parameters such as
diastatic power, all genotypes responded significantly and positively to N
fertilization when the preceding crop was barley (low N). In general, the
response to N was similar for both barley types. As SD malting barley
cultivars are developed to control lodging, they may not utilize more N or
yield more than STD types.
20 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.M9M65
Berseem clover: a potential hay and green manure crop for Montana.
Baldridge, D.; Dunn, R.; Ditterline, R.; Sims, J.; Welty, L.; Wichman, D.;
Westcott, M.; Stalknecht, G.
Bozeman, Mont. : The Service; 1992 Jan.
Montguide MT : Agriculture - Montana State University, Cooperative Extension
Service (9201): 3 p.; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Trifolium alexandrinum; Bloat; Hay; Crop yield; Field
tests; Nutrient content; Green manures
21 NAL Call. No.: S540.A2F62
Best lupine or vetch and N fertilizer management practice for optimizing corn
ear leaf area, dry weight and N concentration.
Hagendorf, B.A.; Gallaher, B.N.
Gainesville, Fla. : The Stations; 1992.
Agronomy research report AY - Agricultural Experiment Stations, University of
Florida (92-04): 17 p.; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Vicia villosa; Lupinus angustifolius; Leaf area;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Cover crops; Tillage; Soil management; Nitrogen content;
Dry matter
22 NAL Call. No.: S596.7.D4
Biological N2 fixation in wetland rice fields: estimation and contribution to
nitrogen balance.
Rogers, P.A.; Ladha, J.K.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992.
Developments in plant and soil sciences v. 49: p. 41-55; 1992. In the series
analytic: Biological nitrogen fixation for sustainable agriculture / edited by
J.K. Ladha, T. George, and B.B. Bohlool. Extended versions of papers presented
in the symposium "Role of biological nitrogen fixation in sustainable
agriculture", 1990, Kyoto, Japan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oryza sativa; Nitrogen fixation; Estimation; Analytical methods;
Saturated conditions; Reviews
Abstract: This paper 1) reviews improvements and new approaches in
methodologies for estimating biological N2 fixation (BNF) in wetland soils, 2)
summarizes earlier quantitative estimates and recent data, and 3) discusses the
contribution of BNF to N balance in wetland-rice culture. Measuring
acetylene reducing activity (ARA) is still the most popular method for
assessing BNF in rice fields. Recent studies confirm that ARA measurements
present a number of problems that may render quantitative extrapolations
questionable. On the other hand, few comparative measures show I ARA's
potential as a quantitative estimate. Methods for measuring photodependent and
associative ARA in field studies have been standardized, and major progress has
been made in sampling procedures. Standardized ARA measurements have shown
significant differences in associative N2 fixation among rice varieties. The
15N dilution method is suitable for measuring the percentage of N derived from
the atmosphere (% Ndfa) in legumes and rice. In particular, the N dilution
technique, using available soil N as control, appears to be a promising method
for screening rice varieties for ability to utilize biologically fixed N.
Attempts to adapt the 15N dilution method to aquatic N2 fixers Azolla and blue-
green algae [BGA]) encountered difficulties due to the rapid change in N
enrichment of the water. Differences in natural 15N abundance have been used to
show differences among plant organs and species or varieties in rice and
Azolla, and to estimate Ndfa by Azolla, but the method appears to be
semi-quantitative. Recent pot experiments using stabilized 15N-labelled soil or
balances in pots covered with black cloth indicate a contribution of 10-30 kg N
ha-1 crop-1 by heterotrophic BNF in flooded planted soil with no or
little N fertilizer used. Associative BNF extrapolated from ARA and 15N
incorporation range from 1 to 7 kg N ha-1 crop-1 Straw application increases
heterotrophic and photodependent BNF. Pot experiments show N gains of 2-4 mg N
g-1 straw added at 10 tons ha-1. N2 fixation by BGA has been almost
exclusively estimated by ARA and biomass measurements. Estimates by ARA range
from a few to 80 kg N ha-1 crop (average 27 kg). Recent extensive measurements
show extrapolated values of about 20 kg N ha-1 crop-1 in no-N plots, 8 kg in
plots with broadcast urea, and 12 kg in plots with deep-placed urea. Most
information on N2 fixed by Azolla and legume green manure comes from N
accumulation measurements and determination of % Ndfa. Recent trials in an
international network show standing crops of Azolla averaging 30-40 kg N ha-1
and the accumulation of 50-90 kg N ha-1 for two crops of Azolla grown before
and after transplanting rice. Estimates of % Ndfa in Azolla by 15N dilution and
delta 15N methods range from 51 to 99%. Assuming 50-80% Ndfa in legume green
manures, one crop can provide 50-100 kg N ha-1 in 50 days. Few balance studies
in microplots or pots report extrapolated N gains of 150
23 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32
Bioresource potential of Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. F. Wight.
Prasad, M.N.V.
Essex : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1993.
Bioresource technology v. 44 (3): p. 251-254; 1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sesbania bispinosa; Green manures; Salt tolerance
24 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3
Calibration and validation EPIC for crop rotations in southern France.
Cabelguenne, M.; Jones, C.A.; Marty, J.R.; Dyke, P.T.; Williams, J.R.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1990.
Agricultural systems v. 33 (2): p. 153-171; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: France; Zea mays; Sorghum bicolor; Helianthus annuus; Glycine max;
Triticum aestivum; Rotations; Simulation models; Computer software;
Calibration; Growth; Crop yield; Biomass; Crop management; Estimation;
Statistical analysis
25 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Carbon and phosphorus losses from decomposing crop residues in no-till
conventional till agroecosystems.
Buchanan, M.; King, L.D.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993 May.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (3): p. 631-638; 1993 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Cabt; Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; Trifolium
incarnatum; Zea mays; No-tillage; Tillage; Crop residues; Decomposition;
Cycling; Carbon; Phosphorus; Shoots; Roots; Grain; Leaves; Mineralization;
Losses from soil; Winter; Cover crops; Lignin; Nitrogen; Plant composition
Abstract: An increased knowledge of crop residue decomposition
characteristics is a critical component for nutrient cycling studies in
agroecosystems. Carbon and P losses from shoot residues of maize (Zea mays L.),
wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.), emend. Thell], soybean [Glycine mar L.) Merr.],
and shoot and root residues of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were
compared in no-till and conventional till systems. Grain crop
residues were generally collected from senescent plants following harvest and
placed in fiberglass mesh litter bags. Soybean leaf residues, however, were
sampled following preharvest abscission, while crimson clover residues were
collected at spring anthesis and buried only in a conventional till system.
Generally, the changes in C and P content of residues were best described by
exponential and/or logarithmic functions. Losses of C and P from crop residues
were consistently greater, and more rapid when residues were buried vs. left on
the soil surface. Crimson clover shoots lost C and P more rapidly than root
residues. Generally, greater initial losses of P than of C occurred in most
residues. The lack of correlation between C and P losses is believed to be due
to an initial and probably variable inorganic P content that is readily
leached prior to the decomposition and mineralization losses of C. Differences
in the rate and magnitude of C losses were related to seasonal effects, the
initial N and P content, and/or the proportional amount of lignin in the plant
residues. Tillage is clearly an important regulator or driving variable for
element cycling in agroecosystems.
26 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Carryover of DPX-PE350 to grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and soybean (Glycine
max) on two Arkansas soils.
Jordan, D.L.; Johnson, D.H.; Johnson, W.G.; Kendig, J.A.; Frans, R.E.; Talbert,
R.E.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jul.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 7 (3): p.
645-649; 1993 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Cabt; Gossypium hirsutum; Rotations; Glycine max;
Sorghum bicolor; Sequential cropping; Herbicides; Residual effects;
Persistence; Application rates; Abiotic injuries; Crop damage; Phytotoxicity;
Crop yield; Degradation; Edaphic factors; Silt loam soils; Clay soils; Weed
control; Chemical control
27 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Cation and nitrate leaching in an oxisol of the Brazilian Amazon.
Cahn, M.D.; Bouldin, D.R.; Cravo, M.S.; Bowen, W.T.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (2): p. 334-340; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brazil; Cabt; Oxisols; Nitrate nitrogen; Leaching; Zea mays; Crop
yield; Canavalia ensiformis; Mucuna aterrima; Urea; Lime; Soil fertility;
Topsoil; Acidification; Cations; Calcium; Magnesium; Potassium; Losses from
soil; Humid tropics
Abstract: High rates of N fertilizers are often necessary to achieve yield
goals in the humid tropics, where subsoil acidity prevents deep crop rooting.
However, leaching of fertilizer nitrate may accelerate the leaching of bases
from the crop rooting zone, leading to an acidification of the topsoil and a
reduction in crop yields. Our ojective was to investigate the influence of urea
and legume green manure sources of N on crop yields, leaching of cations, and
the fertility of the plow layer of a clayey Oxisol (Typic Acrudox) of the
central Amazon basin. We established a split-plot field experiment near
Manaus, Brazil where main plots received 2 levels of lime (O and 4 Mt/ha
CaCO3) and sub-plots were cropped with (i) a legume green manure (Canavalia
ensiformes L. or Mucuna aterrima L.) followed by maize (Zea mays L.); (ii)
maize receiving 300 kg ha-(1) of urea-N, or (iii) left bare-fallow with an
application f 300 kg ha(-1) of urea-N. Plots were periodically sampled to 1.2 m
during three cropping seasons. The field site received 4265 mm of rain
during the experiment (16 mo). Legume crops accumulated between 142 and 280 kg
ha(-1) of N. The distribution of NO3 in the soil profile changed in a pattern
consistent with leaching. All treatments lost Ca and Mg from the plow layer
during the experimental period. Losses were greatest (500-1000 kg ha(-1) for Ca
and 50 kg ha(-1) for Mg) in plots treated with urea and lime. Leaching of bases
and the generation of acidity decreased base saturation in the plow layer of
all treatments, but was minimized in plots receiving legume green manure N,
perhaps because less inorganic N was applied and/or the legume crops recycled
leached bases. Unlimed plots receiving urea, bad the highest increase in
acidity in the 0 to 30-cm layer and a corresponding 44% reduction in grain
yield between the first and third maize crops.
28 NAL Call. No.: SB610.2.B74
Changes in weed populations and seed bank through two cycles of a
maize-soyabean rotation in Ontario, Canada.
Benoit, D.L.; Swanton, C.J.; Chandler, K.; Derksen, D.A.
Surrey : BCPC Registered Office; 1991.
Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Weeds v. 1: p. 403-410; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Zea mays; Glycine max; Rotation; Weed control;
Herbicides; Minimum tillage; Seed banks
29 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822
Changes induced by cowpea green manure and farmyard manure in the timing of
phenological events in maize (Zea mays).
Aggarwal, G.C.; Sekhon, N.K.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Oct.
The Journal of agricultural science v. 117 (pt.2): p. 157-163; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Zea mays; Farmyard manure; Green manures; Phenology;
Timing; Vigna unguiculata; Application rates; Crop yield
30 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Characterization of the N benefit of a grain legume (Lupinus angustifolius L.)
to a cereal (Hordeum vulgare L.) by an in situ 15N isotope dilution technique.
Chalk, P.M.; Smith, C.J.; Hamilton, S.D.; Hopmans, P.
Berlin : Springer International; 1993.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 15 (1): p. 39-44; 1993. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Victoria; Hordeum vulgare; Lupinus angustifolius; Isotope
labeling; Nitrogen fertilizers; Nitrogen fixation; Nutrient availability;
Rotations; Soil fertility
31 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Chemical attributes of soils subjected to no-till cropping with rye cover
crops.
Eckert, D.J.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Mar.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (2): p. 405-409; 1991 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Secale cereale; Zea mays; Glycine max; Soil chemistry;
Calcium; Carbon; Magnesium; Nitrogen fertilizers; Phosphorus; Potassium; No-
tillage; Rotations; Soil fertility; Soil physical properties
Abstract: Rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops are often promoted to supply
additional residue in no-till production situations; however, the effect of
inclusion of rye on soil chemical properties is largely unknown. Soils were
sampled, 20 cm deep, from four 4-yr studies in which no-till corn (Zea mays L.)
and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) were grown continuously or in rotation on a
Canfield silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Fragiudalf) or in rotation
only on a Hoytville silty clay (fine, illitic, mesic Mollic
Ochraqualf), with and without a winter rye cover crop. Corn had been
fertilized each spring with 224 kg N ha(-1) as either injected anhydrous
ammonia or surface-broadcast urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution. All plots
sampled showed greater concentrations of organic C, exchangeable K, and Bray-1
extractable P in the surface 5-cm increment of soil than deeper in the sampled
profile. Exchangeable Ca and Mg concentrations were often less at this depth
than deeper in the profile, particularly when N was applied as
surface-broadcast UAN solution. Soil pH was generally lowest in the zone of N
application. Addition of the rye cover crop had little effect on the
distribution of chemical attributes, other than increasing concentrations of
exchangeable K near the soil surface in several comparisons.
32 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Chlorsulfuron persistence and response of nine rotational crops in alkaline
soils of southern Alberta.
Moyer, J.R.; Esau, R.; Kozub, G.C.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1990 Jul.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 4 (3): p.
543-548; 1990 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Medicago sativa; Hordeum vulgare; Phaseolus vulgaris;
Brassica napus; Linum usitatissimum; Lens culinaris; Pisum sativum; Beta
vulgaris; Solanum tuberosum; Triticum aestivum; Rotations; Weed control;
Chemical control; Chlorsulfuron; Persistence; Application rates; Herbicide
residues; Alkaline soils; Soil ph
33 NAL Call. No.: 80 AM371
A clean choice.
Bremer, A.H.
Chicago, Ill. : American Nurseryman Publishing Company; 1993 Jun01.
American nurseryman v. 177 (11): p. 38-41; 1993 Jun01.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ornamental woody plants; Plantations; Cover crops; Trifolium
pratense; Grasses; Crop mixtures
34 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Clopyralid influences rotational crops.
Thorsness, K.B.; Messersmith, C.G.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1991 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 5 (1): p.
159-164; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Dakota; Linum usitatissimum; Lens culinaris; Solanum
tuberosum; Carthamus tinctorius; Glycine max; Helianthus annuus; Rotations;
Clopyralid; Herbicide residues; Persistence; Dicamba; Crop yield; Yield losses;
Phytotoxicity
35 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Combining cultural practices and herbicides to control wild-proso millet
(Panicum miliaceum).
Harvey, R.G.; McNevin, G.R.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1990 Apr.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 4 (2): p.
433-439; 1990 Apr. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Wild-Proso
Millet," February 9, 1989, Dallas, Texas. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Medicago sativa; Panicum miliaceum; Chemical vs.
cultural weed control; Cultural weed control; Rotations; Direct sowing;
Planting date; No-tillage; Row spacing; Chemical control; Alachlor; Atrazine;
Cyanazine; Dichlormid; Eptc; Pendimethalin; Simazine; Crop yield; Integrated
control
36 NAL Call. No.: HD1773.A3N6
Commodity programs and the internalization of erosion costs: Do they affect
crop rotation decisions?.
Poe, G.L.; Klemme, R.M.; McComb, S.J.; Ambrosious, J.E.
East Lansing, Mich. : Michigan State University; 1991 Jul.
Review of agricultural economics v. 13 (2): p. 223-235; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Maize; Soybeans; Oats; Alfalfa; Rotations; Commodities;
Erosion; Production costs; Risk; Returns; Decision making; Federal programs;
Program participants; Stochastic processes; History; Market prices
Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of commodity programs and the
internalization of erosion costs on crop rotation decisions. Not surprisingly,
commodity programs are found to shift decisions toward more erosive rotations.
Internalization of on-site and off-site erosion costs calculated under real
interest rates of 2 and 4 percent and planning horizons of 20 and 40 years
affect rotation decisions under historical market conditions. Under conditions
of commodity program participation, internalization of erosion costs affect
rotation decisions only when lengthy time horizons (40 years) are considered.
The impact of cross-compliance restrictions on rotation decisions is also
examined.
37 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) and rotational crop response to
imazethapyr in pea (Pisum sativum) and snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).
Vencill, W.K.; Wilson, H.P.; Hines, T.E.; Hatzios, K.K.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1990 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 4 (1): p.
39-43; 1990 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pisum sativum; Phaseolus vulgaris; Rotations; Sorghum bicolor;
Cucumis sativus; Zea mays; Herbicide residues; Residual effects; Chenopodium
album; Crop yield; Herbicide application
38 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Comparative effects of grain lentil-wheat and monoculture wheat on crop
production, N economy and N fertility in a Brown Chernozem.
Campbell, C.A.; Zentner, R.P.; Selles, F.; Biederbeck, V.O.; Leyshon, A.J.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Oct.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 72 (4):
p. 1091-1107; 1992 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Lens culinaris; Triticum aestivum; Rotations;
Ammonium nitrate; Leaching; Mineralization; Nitrogen fixation; Soil fertility;
Soil water
39 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Comparative plowdown value of red clover strains.
Christie, B.R.; Clark, E.A.; Fulkerson, R.S.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Oct.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 72 (4):
p. 1207-1213; 1992 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Trifolium pratense; Cultivars; Green manures; Zea mays;
Crop production; Crop yield
40 NAL Call. No.: HD1773.A3N6
A comparison of farmers' compliance costs to reduce excess nitrogen fertilizer
use under alternative policy options.
Huang, W.; Lantin, R.M.
East Lansing, MI : Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University,
1991-; 1993 Jan.
Review of agricultural economics v. 15 (1): p. 51-62; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Cabt; Nitrogen fertilizers; Program participants; Rotations;
Farm comparisons; Production costs; Zea mays; Crop yield; Glycine max;
Leaching; Case studies
Abstract: Farmers' compliance associated with using different crop rotation
patterns under alternative farm policy options are estimated. The policy
options considered include the Current Farm Program, a No Farm Program Option,
a Nitrogen Fertilizer Tax Option, a Corn Sales Tax Option, and a Limiting
Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Option. To achieve an objective of zero excess
nitrogen fertilizer available for potential leaching into groundwater, crop
rotation patterns associated with the Limiting Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Option
have the lowest cost to the farmer. If some excess nitrogen is allowed, crop
rotation compliance under the Farm Program has the lowest cost.
41 NAL Call. No.: 23 Au792
A comparison of the persistence of Medicago truncatula cv. Paraggio with other
annual medics in the Victorian Mallee.
Latta, R.A.; Quigley, P.E.
East Melbourne, Vic. Australia : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization, c1985-; 1993.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 33 (4): p. 443-449; 1993.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Victoria; Cabt; Medicago truncatula; Cultivars; Crop production;
Persistence; Plant density; Rotations; Seeds
42 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
Comparison of weed biomass and flora in four cover crops and a subsequent
lettuce crop on three New England organic farms.
Schonbeck, M.; Browne, J.; Deziel, G.; DeGregorio, R.
Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1991.
Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international journal v. 8 (2): p.
123-143; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fagopyrum esculentum; Fagopyrum tataricum; Secale cereale; Avena
sativa; Sorghum bicolor; Trifolium pratense; Lolium multiflorum; Echinochloa
crus-galli; Cover crops; Lactuca sativa; Cultural weed control; Weeds; Biomass;
Botanical composition; Dry matter accumulation; Coverage; Crop residues; Crop
weed competition; Environmental factors; Climatic factors; Soil fertility; Crop
yield; Establishment; Regrowth; Suppression; Tillage
43 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Conserving residual corn fertilizer nitrogen with winter cover crops.
Shipley, P.R.; Meisinger, J.J.; Decker, A.M.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Sep.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (5): p. 869-876; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Zea mays; Nitrogen fertilizers; Nitrogen; Uptake;
Winter; Cover crops; Vicia villosa; Trifolium incarnatum; Secale cereale;
Lolium multiflorum; Fallow; Weed control; Stellaria media; Nutrients;
Conservation; Recovery; Dry matter accumulation; Silt loam soils
Abstract: Autumn residual fertilizer nitrogen (FN) can be easily leached into
groundwater in humid climates. Winter cover crops were evaluated for their
ability to assimilate residual corn FN and thereby reduce N losses. Labelled FN
(15N depleted) was applied to corn in Maryland in 1986 and 1987 at rates of 0,
168, and 336 kg FN ha-1 on a Mattapex silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, typic
Hapludult). Cover crop treatments following corn harvest were hairy vetch
(Vicia villosa Roth), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), cereal rye
(Secale cereale L.), or annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and a
weed/fallow control of chickweed (Stellaria media L.). The covers were
harvested three times the following spring and dry matter yields (DM), %N, and
atom % 15N were determined to assess FN uptake. Fall labelled N in the soil (to
80 cm) averaged 17 and 114 kg FN ha-1 over both years for the 168 and 336 kg FN
ha-1 rates, respectively. However, the quantity of total residual
mineral N (soil N plus FN) after the 168 kg ha-1 rate was 87 kg N ha-1, which
was comparable to the quantity of labelled N at the high fertilizer rate. The
average cover crop FN uptake (kg FN ha-1) in mid-April after the 336 kg N ha-1
treatment was 48 for cereal rye, 29 for annual ryegrass, 9 for hairy vetch, 8
for crimson clover, and 6 kg FN ha-1 for the native weed cover (LSD P = 0.05 of
7 kg FN ha-1). Corresponding percent recoveries of the fall N in the
aboveground DM were 45% for cereal rye, 27% for annual ryegrass, 10% for hairy
vetch, 8% for crimson clover, and 8% for native weed cover. These results show
that grass cover crops conserved the most FN. Cereal rye recovered wore FN
through mid-April because of its growth in cool weather, although annual
ryegrass was equally effective if grown to mid-May. Renewed efforts should be
made to utilize grass cover crops to conserve N in humid climates.
44 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Continous application of no-tillage to Ohio soils.
Dick, W.A.; McCoy, E.L.; Edwards, W.M.; Lal, R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (1): p. 65-73. ill., maps; 1991 Jan. Paper presented at
the Symposium on Long-Term Field Research, October 17-18, 1989. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Zea mays; Glycine max; No-tillage; Plowing; Monoculture;
Rotations; Long term experiments; Crop yield; Grain; Sustainability; Soil
properties; Erosion; Runoff
Abstract: No-tillage (NT) crop production practices have been continuously
maintained at four sites in Ohio for more than 25 yr. The original experiments
involving NT were designed to determine how much tillage was required to
produce crops with satisfactory yields and how tillage and rotation interact to
effect crop yields, especially corn (Zea mays L.). Long-term effects of NT on
crop yields and soil properties are generally not known because few sites exist
with histories of greater than or equal to 20 yr of NT. This paper
reports yield trends of corn and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and changes
in soil properties that occurred when NT was continuously practiced on soils in
Ohio. Significantly lower yields for NT, as compared to conventional
tillage (CT), were observed for monoculture corn and for soybean in rotation
during the first 18 yr on a very poorly drained Mollic Ochraqualf soil. The
yield differences observed for corn could be largely eliminated by crop
rotation and for soybean by the use of phytophthera resistant/tolerant soybean
cultivars. On a well-drained Typic Fragiudalf soil, crop yields were always
higher with NT than with CT. After 18 yr, yield trends indicated the negative
impact of NT on the very poorly drained soil was greatly decreased and the
yield advantages associated with NT on the well-drained soil became even more
pronounced. The change in yield treads did not appear to be associated with
change in weather patterns. The long-term NT sites also revealed organic
matter, nutrients, and soil enzymes accumulated at the soil surface but
decreased deeper (>20 cm) in the soil profile. Surface water runoff was found
to be greatly decreased from the long-term NT watershed site (approximately 9%
slope) with only 12 mm of runoff measured between 1979 and 1985.
45 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Control of legume cover crops in no-till corn (Zea mays) and cotton (Gossypium
hirsutum).
White, R.H.; Worsham, A.D.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1990 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 4 (1): p.
57-62; 1990 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Zea mays; Gossypium hirsutum; No-tillage;
Trifolium incarnatum; Vicia villosa; Vegetation management; Herbicide
application; Paraquat; Dicamba; 2,4-d; Cyanazine; Glyphosate; Crop
establishment; Crop yield
46 NAL Call. No.: S542.A8A34
Control of peanut bacterial wilt through crop rotation.
Machmud, M.
Canberra, A.C.T. : Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research,
1985-; 1993.
ACIAR proceedings (45): p. 221-224; 1993. In the series analytic: Bacterial
wilt / edited by G.L. Hartman and A.C. Hayward. Meeting held on October
28-31, 1992, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arachis hypogaea; Pseudomonas solanacearum; Wilts; Plant disease
control; Rotations
47 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Control of the soybean cyst nematode by crop rotation in combination with a
nematicide.
Sasser, J.N.; Uzzell, G. Jr
Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1991 Jul.
Journal of nematology v. 23 (3): p. 344-347; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Glycine max; Zea mays; Heterodera glycines;
Nematode control; Rotation; 1,3-dichloropropene
Abstract: An experiment to evaluate the control of soybean cyst nematodes
compared 1 year, 2-year, and 3-year nonhost rotations with continuous soybeans
(Glycine max) in 0.2-ha plots. In a second 1-year rotation, the plots were
planted to soybean or corn (Zea mays) after fumigation in the spring with a
split application of 1,3-dichloropropene (748.2 liters/ha). The effects of the
nematicide were apparent the first year. Soybean yield was 1,482 kg/ha
compared to 233 kg/ha in the untreated plots. In the second year, the highest
yielding plants (2,035 kg/ha) were those following 1 year of corn that had been
treated the previous year: plants in untreated plots yielded 288 kg/ha. Average
yield of soybean following 1 year of corn was 957 kg/ha compared to 288 kg/ha
for continuous soybean. In the third year, the effects of the
nematicide were still evident. Soybean plants in plots treated the first year
followed by corn, then soybean, yielded 1,044 kg/ha compared to 761 kg/ha for
soybean following 1 year of corn and 991 kg/ha for soybean following 2 years of
corn. Plots planted to soybean for 3 consecutive years yielded 337 kg/ha.
Nematicidal effects were no longer evident during the fourth year. Yields were
most improved by the greatest number of years in the nonhost crop: highest
yields in descending order were from plants following 3 years of-corn, 2 years
of corn, and 1 year of corn. Plots planted to soybean for 4 consecutive years
yielded 130 kg/ha. Highly significant negative correlations occurred each ear
between initial nematode population densities and seed yield.
48 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Cool-season cover crops relay intercropped with cantaloupe: influence on a
generalist predator, Geocoris punctipes (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae).
Bugg, R.L.; Wackers, F.L.; Brunson, K.E.; Dutcher, J.D.; Phatak, S.C.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (2): p. 408-416; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Cucumis melo; Cover crops; Insect control; Intercropping;
Predators of insect pests; Beneficial insects; Density; Geocoris punctipes
Abstract: Cool-season cover crops were used in efforts to enhance densities of
entomophagous insects on relay-intercropped spring plantings of cantaloupe
(Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Seringe). Eight cover-cropping regimes,
including a weedy fallow control, were tested in a replicated trial. Cover crop
significantly affected densities of the predominant predator, a bigeyed bug,
Geocoris punctipes (Say), amid cover crops, on or near cantaloupe plants, and
on or near sentinel egg masses of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E.
Smith) pinned to cantaloupe leaves. No significant difference was found for
proportions of egg masses occupied or damaged by predators. For all indices of
predator abundance and efficiency, absolute responses were highest for the
plots of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L., 'Mt. Barker').
Numbers of G. punctipes per sentinel egg mass were significantly greater for
the subterranean clover regime than for rye, crimson clover, and a polyculture
of six cover crops, but were not significantly greater than for 'Vantage' vetch
or the weedy fallow control plots. Rye showed particularly low densities of G.
punctipes. Cover crops had no apparent effect on densities of aphids or
whiteflies (Homoptera: Aphididae, Aleyrodidae) on cantaloupe leaves.
49 NAL Call. No.: QK898.N6N52
Corn growth as affected by nitrogen fixing tree and grass plant materials
supplemented by P and K fertilizers.
Tiraa, A.N.; Asghar, M.
Bangkok, Thailand : Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological
Research; 1990 Aug.
Nitrogen fixing tree research reports v. 8: p. 83-84; 1990 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Leguminosae; Nitrogen fixing trees; Gramineae; Green
manures; Phosphorus; Fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers; Crop yield; Crop
residues
50 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Corn-soybean rotation effects on soil water depletion.
Copeland, P.J.; Allmaras, R.R.; Crookston, R.K.; Nelson, W.W.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (2): p. 203-210; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Cabt; Zea mays; Glycine max; Continuous cropping;
Monoculture; Rotations; Soil water content; Water use efficiency; Plant water
relations; Crop yield; Evapotranspiration
Abstract: The positive yield effect of crop rotation may be linked to
enhanced water uptake and associated efficient use. We hypothesized that a crop
grown in rotation might deplete soil water more than the same crop grown under
monoculture because some negative factor associated with monoculture was
alleviated. Water use efficiency (WUE) might also be improved by rotation. The
objective of our study was to determine whether altered water uptake or
altered WUE was associated with the yield increase observed when corn (Zea mays
L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are rotated. A long-term
corn-soybean rotation experiment was monitored in 1987 and 1988 to determine
seasonal soil water status to 1.50m. Corn and soybean sequences monitored were:
monoculture, first-year crop following 5 yrs of the other crop, second-year
crop following 5 yrs of the other crop, and an annual alteration of the two
crops. Compared with monoculture, yield was increased up to 30% when corn
followed soybean and up to 11% when soybean followed corn. Average soil water
depletion during the season by first-year corn was 16 mm greater than by
continuous corn. The WUE in corn was related to cropping sequence at a moderate
level of significance (p = 0.14). Seasonal soil water depletion by soybean was
not changed by cropping sequence but overall WUE by first-year soybean was
higher than by continuous soybean (p = 0.05). When there was a period with only
sparse rainfall in 1988, corn had a greater water depletion than soybean and
also a deeper zone of depletion. Both crops exhibited a
greater water depletion when rotated. Frequent rainfall in 1987 sufficient to
wet the soil below 0.30 m obliterated patterns of depleted soil water.
Increased water use observed in first-year corn and increased WUE observed in
first-year soybean (compared to monoculture) in both years suggest that
rotation allows these crops to increase root surface or root activity and hence
to improve grain yield.
51 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Cotton as a rotation crop for the management of Meloidogyne arenaria and
Sclerotium rolfsii in peanut.
Rodriguez-Kabana, R.; Robertson, D.G.; Wells, L.; Weaver, C.F.; King, P.S. Lake
Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1991 Oct.
Journal of nematology v. 23 (4,suppl.): p. 652-657; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Gossypium hirsutum; Arachis hypogaea; Meloidogyne
arenaria; Corticium rolfsii; Rotations; Aldicarb; Pest management
Abstract: The value of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv. Deltapine 90) in
rotation with peanut (Arachis hypogaea cv. Florunner.) for the management of
root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria) and southern blight (Sclerotium
rolfsii) was studied for 6 years in a field at the Wiregrass Substation in
southeast Alabama. Peanut yields following either 1 or 2 years of cotton (C-P
and C-C-P, respectively) were higher than those of peanut monoculture without
nematicide [P(-)]. At-plant application of aldicarb to continuous peanut
[P(+)] averaged 22.1% higher yields than those for P(-) over the 6 years of the
study. The use of aldicarb in cotton and peanut in the C-C-P rotations
increased yields of both crops over the same rotations without the nematicide.
When the nematicide was applied to both crops in the C-P rotation, peanut
yields were increased in only two of the possible three years when peanut was
planted. Application of aldicarb to cotton only in the C-P rotation did not
improve peanut yields over those obtained with the rotation without
nematicide. Juvenile populations of M. arenaria determined at peanut-harvest
time were lowest in plots with cotton. Plots with C-P or C-C-P had lower
populations of the nematode than those with either P(-) or P(+). The incidence
of southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii) in peanut was lower in plots with the
rotations than in those with peanut monoculture. Aldicarb application had no
effect on the occurrence of southern blight.
52 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Cotton genotype response to green-manured annual legumes.
Bauer, P.J.; Roach, S.H.; Green, C.C.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 626-628; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Gossypium hirsutum; Cultivars; Genotypes; Varietal
reactions; Trifolium incarnatum; Vicia villosa; Winter; Cover crops; Fallow;
Incorporation; Crop density; Crop yield; Seeds; Maturation; Temporal variation;
Biomass production; Desiccation; Paraquat
53 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Cotton lay-by herbicides on wheat, vetch, and winter weeds as cover crops.
Hurst, H.R.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 3: p. 1308-1312; 1992. Paper
presented at the Cotton Weed Science Research Conference, 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Vetch; Gossypium; Cover crops; Herbicides;
Application methods; Weeds
54 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Cotton response to sorghum and soybean rotations at various nitrogen rates.
Matocha, J.E.; Barber, K.L.; Hopper, F.L.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America, 1991-; 1993.
Proceedings / v. 3: p. 1373-1375; 1993. Meeting held January 10-14, 1993, New
Orleans, Louisiana. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Glycine max; Sorghum; Rotations; Nitrogen fertilizers;
Application rates
55 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Cover crop management and weed control in corn (Zea mays).
Johnson, G.A.; DeFelice, M.S.; Helsel, Z.R.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Apr.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 7 (2): p.
425-430; 1993 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Missouri; Cabt; Zea mays; Cover crops; Secale cereale; Vicia
villosa; Weed control; Setaria faberi; Xanthium strumarium; No-tillage;
Tillage; Stubble; Crop yield; Grain; Cultural weed control; Chemical control;
Atrazine; Glyphosate
56 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
Cover crop management effects on soybean and corn growth and nitrogen dynamics
in an on-farm study.
Karlen, D.L.; Doran, J.W.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1991.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 6 (2): p. 71-82; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Rotations; Vicia villosa; Secale
cereale; Avena sativa; Cover crops; Loam soils; Conservation tillage; Ridging;
Discing; Crop management; Sustainability; Farming systems research; Crop
residues; Ammonium nitrate; Nitrate nitrogen; Use efficiency; Nutrient
availability; Nutrient uptake; Seasonal growth; Dry matter accumulation;
Nitrogen; Nutrient content; Air temperature; Rain; Seasonal variation; Soil
water content; Water erosion; Erosion control
Abstract: Combining cover crops and conservation tillage may result in more
sustainable agricultural production practices. Objectives of this on-farm study
were 10 quantify effects of cover crops on growth and nitrogen
accumulation by soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and corn (Zea mays L.) on a
Nicollet loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludoll) near Boone, Iowa. Our
farmer-cooperator planted soybean in 1988 using ridge tillage into an
undisturbed strip with a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L. Roth) cover crop and
into a strip where previous crop residue and a negligible amount of cover crop
had been incorporated by autumn and spring disking. In each strip, we
established four plots for soil and plant measurements. Our cooperator planted
corn on the same strips in 1989 into a cover crop that consisted of both hairy
vetch and winter rye (Secale cereale L.). We determined the source of N
accumulated by the corn by applying 67 kg N/ha of 15N depleted NH4NO3
fertilizer. In the absence of cover crops, early season soil NO3-N levels in
the top 30 cm were higher, and corn growth and N accumulation were more rapid.
At harvest, the corn grain, stover, and cob together accounted for 36 and 39
percent of the 15N fertilizer for the ridge tillage and disked treatments,
respectively. We suggest that lower net mineralization of organic matter or
greater denitrification losses before planting reduced the availability of soil
N. This created an early season N stress in corn grown with cover crops that
was not overcome by broadcast fertilizer N applied three weeks after planting.
Our on-farm research study has helped focus continuing efforts to determine if
non-recovered fertilizer N is being immobilized in microbial biomass, lost by
denitrification, or leached below the plant root zone.
57 NAL Call. No.: 100 M69MI
Crimson clover benefits soil, crops, and producers.
Broadway, R.
Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1991 Dec.
MAFES research highlights - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment
Station v. 54 (12): p. 7; 1991 Dec.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trifolium incarnatum; Nitrogen; Nitrogen fixation; Cover crops;
Zea mays; Production costs; No-tillage
58 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Crimson clover management to enhance reseeding and no-till corn grain
production.
Ranells, N.N.; Wagger, M.G.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (1): p. 62-67; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Cover crops; Trifolium incarnatum; No-tillage; Resowing;
Strip cropping; Row orientation; Crop yield; Grain; Growth rate; Soil water
content
Abstract: Economic savings and increased legume-N use efficiency may result
from natural reseeding of winter annual legume cover crops. A 3-yr experiment
was conducted on a Cecil fine sandy loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic
Kanhapludult) to examine the effects of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum
L.) strip desiccation width (25, 50, and 75% of row area) and orientation
(parallel or perpendicular to plant row) on soil water depletion, corn (Zea
mays L.) growth and grain yield, and clover reseeding. Additional treatments
included early desiccation (25% parallel strip 2 wk before corn planting),
annual seeding (complete desiccation at corn planting), and mechanical
disruption of clover growth by the no-tillage planter. Early-season soil water
was lower in annual seeded plots compared to the 25% strip treatments each
year, however, soil water was limiting in only one of 3 yr. Crimson clover
successfully reseeded in all strip treatments each year, with dry matter
production ranging from 3.0 to 5.2 Mg ha-1 in 1990 and from 3.9 to 5.2 Mg ha-1
in 1991. Nitrogen content of reseeded crimson clover biomass ranged from 86 to
134 kg ha-1 in 1990 and 93 to 111 kg ha-1 in 1991. Corn grain yield was only
marginally affected by clover strip management in two out of 3 yr. Results
suggest that under adequate moisture conditions a 50% desiccated strip has the
potential to maximize clover N contribution. However, a 75% strip-width can
minimize potential competition with corn for water and reduce physical
impedance of the clover cover crop on corn growth.
59 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Crimson clover reseeding potential as affected by s-triazine herbicides.
Ranells, N.N.; Wagger, M.G.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (1): p. 90-93; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trifolium incarnatum; Cover crops; Resowing; Atrazine; Cyanazine;
Simazine; Residual effects; Application date; Crop growth stage
60 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Critical phosphorus levels for corn and cowpea in a Brazilian Amazon Oxisol.
Smyth, T.J.; Cravo, M.S.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (2): p. 309-312; 1990 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brazil; Zea mays; Vigna unguiculata; Rotations; Fertilizer
placement; Phosphorus fertilizers; Oxisols; Fertilizer requirement
determinatio; Nutrient availability
Abstract: Phosphorus soil test interpretations in the Brazilian Amazon
currently do not account for differences in P requirements among crops and lack
information on the changes in available soil P per unit of applied
fertilizer P. A long-term P experiment in a Xanthic Hapludox near Manaus,
Brazil was used to determine soil and leaf P critical levels for corn (Zea mays
L.) and cowpea (Vigna anguiculata L.). A total of six corn crops were planted
in annual rotation with five crops of cowpea during five consecutive years.
Critical levels were established by a segmented linear regression, a linear
plateau, of relative crop yields on soil test or leaf P concentrations for each
crop species. Mehlich 1 (1:10) critical P levels were 6 and 8 mg kg-1 for corn
and cowpea, respectively. Relationships between soil test P and crop yields
were similar for fertilizer P placement as either broadcast and/or frequent
bands. Fertilizer P required to raise the initial Mehlich 1 soil P to the
critical levels were 41 and 60 kg P ha-1 for corn and cowpea, respectively.
Higher amounts of P were extracted by Bray 1 than by Mehlich 1, but both
extractants were effective in relating available soil P to yield and applied
fertilizer P. Critical foliar P concentrations for corn and cowpea were 1.6 and
1.8 g kg-1, respectively. Higher soil and leaf P critical levels for cowpea
relative to corn were attributed to greater P requirements for plants depending
on symbiotic N2 fixation for their N supply.
61 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Crop and tillage rotations: grain yield, residue cover, and soil water.
Wagger, M.G.; Denton, H.P.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (4): p. 1233-1237; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Glycine max; Continuous cropping; Rotations; Tillage;
No-tillage; Seasonal variation; Coastal plain soils; Soil types
(physiographic); Upland soils; Comparisons; Soil water content; Crop yield;
Grain; Crop residues; Coverage
Abstract: Information regarding crop yield response for different tillage and
rotation systems is needed to determine regional or local suitability for a
given production system. Our objective was to determine the effects of
continuous and alternating tillage sequences in corn (Zea mays L.) monoculture
and corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation on residue cover, soil
water, and grain yield. Continuous conventional tillage (CT), continuous
no-tillage (NT), or CT and NT alternating every other year were evaluated
during a 5-yr period on a Rion (fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Typic
Hapludult)-Pacolet (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult) sandy clay
loam complex at a Piedmont location and an Eunola sandy loam (fine-loamy,
siliceous, thermic Aquic Hapludult) at a Coastal Plain location. The 5-yr
overage NT corn grain yield was 27% (1.15 Mg ha-1) higher than CT at the
Piedmont location, but only 4% (0.32 Mg ha-1) higher at the Coastal Plain
location. Continuous NT at the Piedmont location also resulted in higher corn
yields 2 out of 4 yr compared with NT following CT. The increase in corn yield
with NT was associated with greater soil water availability, primarily
attributed to surface residue cover from corn stover fostering greater
infiltration on a crust-prone soil. Soybean yield during the 5-yr period was 5%
higher with NT at the Piedmont location and unaffected by tillage at the
Coastal Plain location. In general, crop rotation had no effect on corn yield
at either location. Results indicate that continuous NT should be the system of
choice on this upland Piedmont soil.
62 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Crop and weed management effects on weed populations in a short-term
corn-corn-peanut rotation.
Johnson, W.C. III; Cardina, J.; Mullinix, B.G. Jr
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (4): p. 566-570; 1992 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Zea mays; Arachis hypogaea; Rotations; Crop management;
Pest management; Weed control; Weeds; Populations; Species diversity; Crop
yield
63 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Crop mulch effects on Rhizoctonia soil infestation and disease severity in
conservation-tilled cotton.
Rickerl, D.H.; Curl, E.A.; Touchton, J.T.; Gordon, W.B.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Jun.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (6): p. 553-557; 1992 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Gossypium; Vicia villosa; Trifolium incarnatum; Mulches;
Rotations; Fallow; Rhizoctonia solani; Fungal diseases; Conservation tillage;
Crop damage; Emergence; Survival; Soil fungi; Infestation; Population density;
Virulence; Inoculum density; Crop residues; Seasonal variation; Soil
temperature; Paleudults; Coastal plain soils; Sandy loam soils
Abstract: Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and
fallow (no winter cover crop) were used as mulch crops preceding cotton
planted in a conservation tillage system. In field tests, cotton emergence and
survival were reduced in legume mulches with significant differences at the
second planting in 1985. Assessments of Rhizoctonia soil infestation estimated
using a modified stem trap baiting procedure, indicated higher amounts of
Rhizoctonia in cotton following legume crops than in cotton following fallow.
In greenhouse studies, comparisons of warm (29 +/- 2 degrees C day and 21 +/-2
degrees C night) and cool (29 +/- 2 degrees C day and 10 +/- 2 degrees C night)
temperature regimes imposed on the clover, vetch and fallow treatments,
demonstrated that the cool temperature regime significantly reduced emergence
and survival of cotton seedlings. However, there was no interaction of
cropping treatments (legume cropped or fallowed treatments with temperature
regimes). Cotton seedling disease severity in the greenhouse assay of
field-collected soil samples showed a significant interaction among year, soil
treatment and temperature.
64 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
Crop production on duplex soils in south-eastern Australia.
Gardner, W.K.; Fawcett, R.G.; Steed, G.R.; Pratley, J.E.; Whitfield, D.M.; Van
Rees, H.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization;
1992.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 32 (7): p. 915-927. maps;
1992. Special issue: Crop production on duplex soils. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; South australia; Victoria; Cereals; Grasses;
Legumes; Crop production; Duplex soils; Losses from soil; Soil degradation;
Waterlogging; Rotations; Subsurface drainage; Tillage; Literature reviews
65 NAL Call. No.: 464.8 P56
Crop rotation and nematicide effects on the frequency of Meloidogyne spp. in a
mixed population.
Fortnum, B.A.; Currin, R.E. III
St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1993 Mar.
Phytopathology v. 83 (3): p. 350-355; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Nicotiana tabacum; Meloidogyne incognita;
Meloidogyne arenaria; Plant parasitic nematodes; Nematode control; Rotations;
1,3-dichloropropene; Crop production; Crop yield
Abstract: The effects of crop rotation and nematicide 1,3-dichloropropene
(1,3-D) on the relative frequency of M. incognita race 3 and M. arenaria race 2
and on tobacco yields were determined in a sandy loam soil. Cropping
sequences altered the species composition and population densities of
Meloidogyne spp. and increased tobacco yields. M. incognita predominated when
cotton or corn preceded tobacco; M. arenaria predominated when soybean or
peanut preceded tobacco. Fumigation of tobacco land increased the density of M.
arenaria compared to M. incognita. The effects of a previous crop on
tobacco yields varied in successive years. Cotton, corn, peanut, sorghum, or
rye-fallow preceding tobacco in 1985 enhanced yields compared to yields when
soybean preceded tobacco. Rye-fallow preceding tobacco in 1987 resulted in
greater tobacco yields than when tobacco was preceded by soybean, corn, cotton,
sorghum or peanut. Application of 1,3-D increased tobacco yields, except when
preceded by rye-fallow.
66 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Crop rotation and tillage effects on corn growth and soil structural
stability.
Raimbault, B.A.; Vyn, T.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Nov.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (6): p. 979-985; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Zea mays; Rotations; Medicago sativa; Hordeum vulgare;
Triticum aestivum; Trifolium pratense; Continuous cropping; Sequential
cropping; Intercropping; Tillage; Minimum tillage; Crop yield; Grain; Growth
rate; Soil structure; Aggregates; Stability; Long term experiments
Abstract: Increasing concerns about soil degradation with continuous corn (Zea
mays L.) production and a scarcity of scientific information regarding corn
grown in rotation with the diversity of crops produced in Ontario, prompted a
long term study on the effect of various crop rotations and their interaction
with two tillage systems on corn growth and soil structure. Eight rotations
were established in 1980 which included continuous corn, six
rotations comprised of 2 yr of corn following 2 yr of another crop or crop
sequence, and continuous alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Each rotation was
divided into either conventional tillage (fall moldboard plow) or minimum
tillage (fall chisel plow). First-year corn grown in rotation yielded 3.9% more
than continuous corn for conventional tillage and 7.9% more than
continuous corn for minimum tillage. These corn responses to rotation were
smaller than most of those reported in the literature. When barley (Hordeum
vulgare L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were the preceding crops,
interseeding red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) increased first year corn
yields only on conventionally tilled plots. Corn plant development was
consistently slower with minimum tillage compared to conventional tillage.
Yields were significantly lower with minimum tillage for continuous corn and
where corn followed wheat interseeded with red clover. Little or no response to
rotation was observed in second-year corn. The seedbed with continuous corn had
a lower proportion of fine aggregates compared to corn grown in rotation. In
most years soil aggregate stability was highest under continuous alfalfa and
including a legume (whether alfalfa or interseeded red clover) in the rotation
improved aggregate stability compared to continuous corn.
67 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Crop rotation and tillage effects on soil organic carbon and nitrogen.
Havlin, J.L.; Kissel, D.E.; Maddux, L.D.; Claassen, M.M.; Long, J.H.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1990 Mar.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 54 (2): p. 448-452; 1990 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Sorghum bicolor; Glycine max; Zea mays; Rotations;
Tillage; No-tillage; Continuous cropping; Carbon; Nitrogen; Organic matter in
soil; Ammonium nitrate; Crop residues; Surface layers; Soil depth
Abstract: Sustaining or increasing soil productivity depends in part on soil
and crop management practices that maintain or increase soil organic matter.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of tillage crop rotation, and
fertilizer N on soil organic C and N. Two long-term tillage/rotation
studies and one long-term rotation/N-rate study were conducted on eastern
Kansas soils. Soils were sampled from conventional (CT) and no-tillage (NT)
treatments applied to continuous sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (S/S),
continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (B/B), and sorghum-soybean (S/B)
rotations in the tillage/rotation studies and from the 0 and 252 kg N ha-1
treatments on continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (C/C), B/B, and corn-soybean (C/B)
rotations in the rotation/N-rate study. Organic C and N were determined on
soils sampled at depths of 0 to 2.5, 2.5 to 7.5, 7.5 to 15, and 15 to 30 cm.
Compared with CT, NT had greater organic C and N contents. Compared with B/B,
S/B and S/S increased organic C and N under NT and, to a lesser extent, under
CT (at 0-2.5-cm depth). Increases in organic C and N with NT compared with CT
and with sorghum rotations compared with B/B were directly related to the
quantity of residue produced and left on the soil surface (S/S > S/B / > B/B).
Fertilizer N increased soil organic C and N only slightly. Crop management
systems that include rotations with high residue-producing crops and
maintenance of surface residue cover with reduced tillage result in greater
soil organic C and N, which may improve soil productivity.
68 NAL Call. No.: aHD1401.A2U52
Crop rotations: still the norm.
Foulke, J.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1990 May.
Farmline - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service v. 11 (5):
p. 4-6; 1990 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Maize; Wheat; Soybeans; Rice; Cotton; Potatoes; Rotations;
Farmland; Farm management; Soil conservation
69 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Crop rotations with full and limited irrigation and dryland management.
Schneekloth, J.P.; Klocke, N.L.; Hergert, G.W.; Martin, D.L.; Clark, R.T. St.
Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1991 Nov.
Transactions of the ASAE v. 34 (6): p. 2372-2380; 1991 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; Glycine max; Irrigation;
Rotations; Dry farming; Evapotranspiration; Water management
Abstract: Irrigated cropping systems need to maximize the economic value of
both rainfall and irrigation water, especially in areas of declining
groundwater. This study compared water management systems in a winter wheat
(Triticum aestivum, L.)-corn (Zea mays, L.)-soybean (Glycine max, L.) (W-C-S)
and continuous corn (CC) rotation in west central Nebraska for dryland, limited
irrigation (150 mm/yr), and full irrigation. Crop yield, evapotranspiration,
and soil water storage were determined from field studies conducted at North
Platte, Nebraska, on a Cozad silt loam (Fluventic
Haplustoll) soil. Dryland corn used 21.5% more evapotranspiration (ET) in the
W-C-S rotation compare to CC. ET for the limited and full irrigation com was
4.6% and 4.9% more for the W-C-S rotation compared to the CC and was
statistically significant at the P > 0.08 level. Water use efficiency, defined
by the slope of the linear relationship between grain yield and ET
(differential Y differential ET-1), was the same for corn in the W-C-S and CC
rotations. Corn grain yield response to irrigation and ET was more than the
yield response of winter wheat and soybean. The W-C-S rotation increased com
grain yields in two out of three years at this location for dryland management
and increased the seasonal ET of corn compared to continuous corn. Full
irrigation management did not consistently increase winter wheat and soybean
grain yields above the limited irrigation treatments. Soil water storage for
the full irrigation management was greatly reduced compared to dryland and
limited irrigation management for both rotations.
70 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Crop sequence affects nutrient composition of corn and soybean grown under high
fertility.
Copeland, P.J.; Crookston, R.K.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 May23.
Agronomy journal v. 84 (3): p. 503-509; 1992 May23. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Zea mays; Glycine max; Rotations; Plant analysis;
Nutrient content; Crop yield; Responses; Growth stages; Soil chemistry;
Nutrients
Abstract: Although crop rotation may change soil mineral status, particularly
N, there may also be a rotation effect beyond that which can be explained by
soil mineral status alone. Research has shown that leaf mineral-composition can
vary between crop sequences at high fertilizer levels. We hypothesized that the
rotation effect observed in long-term sequences of corn (Zea mays L.) and
soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] might be due to an increased nutrient
concentration, not just an increased accumulation. A corn-soybean rotation
study in Minnesota managed at high nutrient fertility was used to test our
hypothesis. The high management level was appraised by soil test levels. Corn
and soybean sequences evaluated were monoculture, first year, second year, and
annually-alternated. These crop sequences were evaluated for their effects on
plant nutrient concentration, accumulation, or both. The growth stage at which
differences in plant nutrient concentration or accumulation might affect final
yield was also evaluated. A positive effect of rotation on yield was observed
in both crops. Shoot concentrations and total accumulations of N, P, and K were
higher in first year corn compared to monoculture, suggesting that the
increased corn yield associated with rotation may have been due to a general
improvement in plant nutrition. Cropping sequence had less of an effect on
soybean nutrient concentration than corn. Nutrient accumulation in soybean was
not generally affected by crop sequence.
71 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C35
Crop sequences and tillage practices in relation to diseases of winter wheat in
Ontario.
Sutton, J.C.; Vyn, T.J.
Guelph, Ont. : Canadian Phytopathological Society; 1990 Dec.
Canadian journal of plant pathology; Revue Canadienne de phytopathologie v. 12
(4): p. 358-368; 1990 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Triticum aestivum; Rotations; Glycine max; Zea mays;
Hordeum vulgare; Medicago sativa; Continuous cropping; No-tillage; Minimum
tillage; Tillage; Disease prevalence; Incidence; Leptosphaeria nodorum;
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis; Mycosphaerella graminicola; Gaeumannomyces
graminis; Infections; Inoculum density; Crop yield; Crop residues
72 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Crop species, amendment, and water quality effects on selected soil physical
properties.
Bauder, J.W.; Brock, T.A.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (4): p. 1292-1298; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Saline soils; Sodic soils; Reclamation; Irrigated soils;
Crops; Species; Gypsum; Phosphogypsum; Magnesium chloride; Irrigation water;
Water quality; Bulk density; Soil density; Porosity; Pore size distribution;
Infiltration
Abstract: Saline and sodic soils have developed in some irrigated areas of
Montana. Cropping systems that promote maximum efficacy of surface-applied
amendments for reclamation need to be identified. Effects of crop species,
amendment, and water quality on alteration of selected physical properties of a
Haverson silty clay (fine-loamy, mixed [calcareous], mesic Ustic
Torrifluvent) were compared. Crops grown in lysimeters and compared with a
noncropped control were alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare
L.), and sorghum sundangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench-S. X drummondii
(Steudel) Millsp. & Chase], commonly referred to as sordan. Soil amendments
included a check, gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O), phosphogypsum (CaSO4.2H2O with < 1%
[w/w] P), and MgCl2. Lysimeters were irrigated with water having either a total
dissolved solids (TDS) concentration of 0.75 g L-1 and a sodium
adsorption ratio (SAR) of 1.15 or TDS of 1.65 g L-1 and SAR of 7.01 until three
barely crops were successively grown. The presence of a crop caused a
significant increase in bulk density in all lysimeters and a significant
decrease in total porosity, compared with the uncropped control treatments.
Barley caused the greatest decrease in total porosity, followed by alfalfa,
then sordan. Total porosity decreased nearly 0.1 m3 m-3. The result was a
significant increase in number of micropores (< O.149 X 10(-2) mm radius) and a
disproportionately greater decrease in number of macropores (> 1.49 X 10(-2) mm
radius). Soil water release characteristics differed among the different crop
treatments. Neither amendment treatment nor irrigation water quality had a
significant effect on either porosity, pore-size distribution, or bulk
density. Results of this study indicate that crop selection and rotation may
affect the significance of surface-applied amendments used for reclamation and
leaching of Na- and salt-affected soils.
73 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Cropping frequencies to sustain long-term conservation tillage systems.
Langdale, G.W.; Wilson, R.L. Jr; Bruce, R.R.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1990 Jan.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 54 (1): p. 193-198; 1990 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Double cropping; Continuous cropping; Rotations; Minimum tillage
systems; Glycine max; Sorghum bicolor; Triticum aestivum; Annual field crops;
Crop yield; Physico-chemical properties of soil; Depth
Abstract: Conservation tillage technologies are essential to develop
long-term alternative agriculture approaches to protect the nation's
resources. This study was conducted to develop long-term multiple cropping
systems to sustain conservation crop production. Soybean [Glycine max (L.)
Merrill] and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] cropping sequences
following wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.) grain harvest were studied at three
tillage-intensity levels on a Cecil sandy loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic
Typic Hapludult) soil. During the first 4-yr crop rotation cycle, coulter in-
row chisel (MT) planted grain sorghum produced significantly more grain than
either coulter (NT) or disk harrow (CT) planted (4.89 vs. 4.58 and 4.39 Mg
ha-1), without a crop-rotation response. In the second 4-yr cycle, the sorghum
grain yields declined NT > MT > CT (5.14 > 4.74 > 4.40 Mg ha-1)
significantly with each increase in tillage-intensity level. Soybean responded
consistently and significantly to high-frequency (1:1) rotation with grain
sorghum. These responses to rotation with grain sorghum become less important
to conservation tillage systems when favorable rainfall distributions permit
grain yields that range between 2.00 and 3.50 Mg ha-1. Wheat yields increased
significantly following soybean (first rotation cycle) until take-all
(Graeumannomyces graminis) became epidemic. Elucidation of significant grain
sorghum responses to in-row chisel and coulter conservation tillage during the
first and second crop-rotation cycles, respectively, requires additional
research that focuses on characterization of temporal changes in the soil
environment. Rotation of both cool- and warm-season crops is necessary to
sustain long-term conservation tillage.
74 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Cropping rotations: effect on aggregate stability and biological activity.
Arrigo, N.M.; Palma, R.M.; Conti, M.E.; Costantini, A.O.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1993.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 24 (17/18): p. 2441-2453;
1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; Zea mays; Helianthus annuus;
Rotations; Aggregates; Stability; Biological activity in soil; Bulk density;
Soil organic matter; Carbon
75 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Cropping systems for clay soils: irrigated and nonirrigated soybean rotated
with corn and sorghum.
Heatherly, L.G.; Wesley, R.A.; Elmore, C.D.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (2): p. 248-253; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Glycine max; Zea mays; Sorghum bicolor; Triticum
aestivum; Crop yield; Seeds; Grain; Rotations; Continuous cropping;
Monoculture; Irrigated conditions; Dry farming; Clay soils; Double cropping
76 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Cropping systems on mycorrhizal colonization, early growth, and phosphorus
uptake of corn.
Vivekanandan, M.; Fixen, P.E.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Jan.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (1): p. 136-140; 1991 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Dakota; Zea mays; Glycine max; Vesicular arbuscular
mycorrhizas; Roots; Infection; Nutrient uptake; Phosphorus; Growth rate; Crop
growth stage; Rotations; Fallow systems; Continuous cropping; Plowing; Ridging
Abstract: A field study was established in 1986 on a Viborg silty clay loam
(fine-silty, mixed, mesic Pachic Haplustoll) soil in eastern South Dakota. The
objectives were to quantify the influence of crop rotation, tillage, and
residual P (254 kg P ha-1 applied in fall 1985) on the incidence of vesicular-
arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) of corn (Zea mays L.) and to define the
relationship between VAM colonization, early growth response to P, and early P
uptake of corn. Plant and root samples were collected periodically from plots
that varied in tillage and previous crop. Crop rotation and tillage influenced
the early growth and P uptake of corn. Large differences in early growth
response to P were observed among cropping systems. Average relative growth
response as compared with the check during both years ranged from 360% for the
moldboard (MP) corn-fallow rotation to 7% for the ridge-plant (RP) corn-soybean
(Glycine max [L].) Merr.) rotation. Early dry-matter production and P uptake in
the check plots were highest in the RP corn-soybean system and lowest in the MP
corn-fallow system. Generally, VAM colonization rates were significantly higher
(P less than or equal to 0.10) in the RP systems than in the MP systems.
Considerable reduction in VAM colonization rates were found with P
fertilization (P less than or equal to 0.01) in all cropping systems. An
inverse relationship was measured between VAM colonization and relative early
growth response to P (Y = 647.0 - 49.4X + 0.97X2; R2 = 0.92; Y = growth
response in percent, X = percent root length colonized). Considering early dry-
matter production, P uptake, and mycorrhizal association the RP corn-soybean
system appears to provide a good environment for P nutrition of corn during
early vegetative growth.
77 NAL Call. No.: S631.F422
The current and residual value of superphosphate for lupins grown in rotation
with oats and wheat on a deep sandy soil.
Bolland, M.D.A.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Jun.
Fertilizer research v. 31 (3): p. 319-329; 1992 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Avena sativa; Triticum aestivum; Superphosphates; Lupins;
Rotations
Abstract: In a field experiment on a deep pale-yellow sand in a 600 mm per
annum rainfall Mediterranean environment of south-western Australia, six
levels of phosphorus (P) as superphosphate (O up to 546 kg P ha-1) were
applied once only, to the soil surface, before sowing lupins (Lupinus
angustifolius). The lupins were grown in a continuous arable cropping rotation
with, in successive years, oats (Avena sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum),
lupins. Five such rotations were started in the experiment from 1985 to 1989.
The experiment continued until the end of 1990. The relationship between lupin
seed (grain) yields and the level of P applied was measured in the year of P
application for five successive years (1985 to 1989). The relationship had the
same general form but it varied between years, largely due to different
maximum yields (yield plateaux) in each year. The residual value of
superphosphate applied three years previously was measured for lupins on two
occasions (1988 and 1989) relative to superphosphate applied in the current
year. The residual values was different in the two years. The superphosphate
applied three years previously was about 30% as effective as freshly applied
superphosphate in 1988, and 12% as effective in 1989. At each harvest, the
relationship between grain yield and the P concentration in the grain differed
for different species. However, for each species at each harvest, the
relationship was similar regardless of when the P was applied in the previous
years. Thus each species had the same internal efficiency of P use curve, and
yields varied only with P concentration in tissue. Bicarbonate-extractable soil
P was determined on soil samples taken in mid-July of 1989 and 1990. These soil
test values were related to grain yields at harvest. The
relationship between yield and soil test values had the same general form but
varied for different species within years and for each species between years.
It also varied for each species within years depend
78 NAL Call. No.: S612.I756
Cyclic and blending strategies for using nonsaline and saline waters for
irrigation.
Bradford, S.; Letey, J.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Irrigation science v. 13 (3): p. 123-128; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Zea mays; Gossypium hirsutum; Rotations;
Continuous cropping; Salt tolerance; Irrigation; Blending; Cycling; Irrigation
water; Saline water; Salinity; Water quality; Simulation models; Dry matter
accumulation; Electrical conductivity; Mathematical models
Abstract: Large quantities of saline water frequently exist in irrigated areas
of the world. Various strategies have been proposed to use these saline waters.
Blending involves mixing saline water with good quality water to an acceptable
salinity and then using this water to irrigate crops. The cyclic strategy uses
waters of various salinities separately either during one season or in a crop
rotation as a function of the crop's salt tolerance. A
multi-seasonal transient state model, known as the modified van
Genuchten-Hanks model, was used to investigate the effects of cyclic or
blending application of irrigation waters of two salinity levels on alfalfa
(Medicago sativa L.), and on a corn (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium
hirsutum L.) crop rotation. Simulated alfalfa yields were similar for the
cyclic and blending strategies that applied the same amount of salt and water.
The cyclic strategy produced higher simulated yields of salt-sensitive corn
than the blending strategy, whereas the simulated salt-tolerant cotton yield
was not affected by the two strategies. The beneficial effects of the cyclic
strategy on corn production decreased under deficit irrigation.
79 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Denitrifying ability of indigenous strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum
isolated from fields under paddy-upland rotation.
Asakawa, S.
Berlin : Springer International; 1993.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 15 (3): p. 196-200; 1993. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Japan; Glycine max; Oryza sativa; Alcaligenes; Bradyrhizobium
japonicum; Denitrification; Rotations; Soil bacteria; Site factors
80 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P
Density of sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani and incidence of sheath blight in
rice fields in Mississippi.
Damicone, J.P.; Patel, M.V.; Moore, W.F.
St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1993 Mar.
Plant disease v. 77 (3): p. 257-260; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Oryza sativa; Glycine max; Rotations; Rhizoctonia
solani; Blight; Disease surveys; Sclerotia; Inoculum density; Incidence;
Correlation; Epidemiology; Disease models
81 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 So3
Dentrification and mineralization in soil amended with legume, grass, and corn
residues.
McKenney, D.J.; Wang, S.W.; Drury, C.F.; Findlay, W.I.
Madison, Wis. : Soil Science Society of America; 1993 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 57 (4): p. 1013-1020; 1993 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Clay loam soils; Vicia villosa; Trifolium pratense; Lolium
multiflorum; Phalaris arundinacea; Zea mays; Crop residues; Incorporation;
Denitrification; Nitrate; Reduction; Nitrogen; Mineralization; Immobilization;
Ammonium; Nitrogen cycle; Anaerobic conditions
Abstract: Since cover crops and intercrops are increasingly used to reduce
soil erosion and N loss and provide efficient N utilization, it is important to
evaluate the consequences of crop residue to N cycling processes. The
objectives of this study were to determine effects of incorporating hairy vetch
(HV, Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa), red clover (RC, Trifolium
pratense L.), annual ryegrass (ARG, Lolium multiflorum Lam.), reed canarygrass
(RCG, Phalaris arundinacea L.), and corn (Zea mays L.) residues on
denitrification, dissimilatory NO3(-) reduction, and N
mineralization-immobilization in a Brookston clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed,
mesic Typic Argiaquoll). A gas flow system was used with 5 or 10 g residue kg-1
amended soil. With only anaerobic incubation, all residues stimulated
denitrification about equally with net NO and N2O production rates two to three
times greater than in the control soil. Ammonium accumulation over the 48-h
anaerobic period was 5 to 11 mg N kg-1. When a 5-d aerobic incubation preceeded
the anaerobic phase, losses of NO + N2O amounted to 5 to 17 times that in the
control soil during the anaerobic phase. These losses were: 59.4, 47.1, 25.1,
24.4, 17.6, and 3.5 mg N kg-1 for HV, RC, ARG, RCG, corn, and the control,
respectively. Mineralization in the HV treatment occurred from the third to the
fifth day of the aerobic incubation and NH4+ continued to
increase during the subsequent 2-d anaerobic period, reaching 58.4 mg NH4(+)-N
kg-1. Nitrite accumulated during the anaerobic phase in all treatments, with 46
and 49 mg N kg-1 for ARG and HV, respectively, during with the 2-d
aerobic/2-d anaerobic incubation. With the 5-d aerobic/2-d anaerobic
incubation, NO2(-) levels were lower in all but the ARG treatment.
82 NAL Call. No.: TD403.G7
Designing a nitrate monitoring program in a heterogeneous, carbonate aquifer.
Smith, R.T.; Ritzi, R.W. Jr
Dublin, Ohio : Ground Water Pub. Co; 1993 Jul.
Ground water v. 31 (4): p. 576-584; 1993 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Aquifers; Carbonates; Hydraulic conductivity; Finite element
analysis; Simulation models; Nitrates; Movement in soil; Zea mays; Glycine max;
Rotations; Groundwater pollution
83 NAL Call. No.: TP368.F662
Development of lupins as a new crop legume.
Gladstones, J.S.
North Sydney, Australia : Council of Australian Food Technology Associations;
1990 Jun.
Food Australia - official journal of CAFTA and AIFST v. 42 (6): p. 270-272;
1990 Jun.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Lupins; New products; Product development; Legumes;
History; Food research; Plant breeding; Food composition; Protein sources;
Environmental factors; World markets; Rotations; Genetic improvement
84 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.I45 1989
Development of organic faming practices for sugarcane based farms.
Mendosa, T.C.
Witzenhausen? : Ekopan; 1990.
Agricultural alternatives and nutritional self-sufficiency : for a sustainable
agricultural system that respects man and his environment : proc of the IFOAM
Seventh Int Scientific Conference, Ouagadougou, January 2-5, 1989. p. 189-202;
1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saccharum officinarum; Glycine max; Vigna radiata; Rhizobium;
Organic farming; Farming systems; Intercropping; Green manures; Crop residues;
Biodegradation; Row spacing; Row orientation; Planting; Harvesting; Crop yield;
Soil degradation; Land productivity
85 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66
Development of tillage system selection software for corn/soybean production.
Meyer, C.R.; Parsons, S.D.; Griffith, D.R.; Mannering, J.V.; Steinhardt, G.C.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1991 May.
Applied engineering in agriculture v. 7 (3): p. 367-373; 1991 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Glycine max; Production; Tillage; Computer software;
Expert systems
Abstract: Development of a regionally-specific expert system to estimate
corn/soybean production on an individual-field and whole-farm basis is
described. Rules and equations to project yield as a function of tillage
system, crop rotation, latitude, soil series, and soybean row spacing and
maturity group were derived from interviews with three experts. The resulting
knowledge was encoded into computer logic written entirely in C-language.
Although very small, the program retains the functionality of expert systems
developed in shells. On-line explanations are available to explain why each
input is requested. Help screens offer expanded explanation of each question.
Conclusions are displayed as they are reached. Management suggestions are
offered where appropriate, including recommending a conservation tillage
system, flagging highly erodible fields, indicating erosion control measures,
suggesting that a field be tilled as two separate fields, and warning against
farming steep slopes in row crops. The program goes beyond the features
offered by some shells, permitting the user to back up in the program, to
execute UNIX or DOS commands from within the program, and to store a partial
run in a disk file to be resumed later. The program has been released as
Public Domain software, with over 300 copies currently in use.
86 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Discovery of multiyear diapause in Illinois and South Dakota northern corn
rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) eggs and incidence of the prolonged
diapause trait in Illinois.
Levine, E.; Oloumi-Sadeghi, H.; Fisher, J.R.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (1): p. 262-267; 1992 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; South Dakota; Zea mays; Diabrotica barberi; Diapause;
Environmental temperature; Ova; Survival
Abstract: Northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence, eggs
were obtained from female beetles collected in August 1985 from cornfields in
Champaign, Ill., and Madison, S. Dak. Eggs were buried in soil or placed in
environmental chambers that closely simulated natural soil temperature
conditions and were observed for hatch during 4-5 yr. Egg diapause ranged from
1 to 4 yr for both populations. Northern corn rootworm eggs were also obtained
in August 1986 from female beetles collected from four Illinois cornfields that
experienced greater rootworm damage than was expected for cornfields rotated
annually with a soybean crop, and from females collected from the previously
sampled Champaign field. The percentage of eggs that hatched after prolonged
diapause (> 1 chill period) ranged from 13.9% for eggs from
northwest Illinois to 51.3% for eggs from east central Illinois. When the
percentage of northern corn rootworms with prolonged diapause in a given
county was regressed on the percentage of rotational corn grown in that
county, a significant positive correlation was obtained (r = 0.89, df = 3, P =
0.04).
87 NAL Call. No.: HD1401.S73 no.90-15
Double-cropping soybeans into traditional crop rotations under government
commodity program restrictions.
Harper, Jayson K.
Manhattan, Kansas : Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University,;
1990.
9, [5] leaves ; 28 cm. (Staff paper / Department of Agricultural Economics,
Kansas State University ; no. 90-15). June 1990. Includes bibliographical
references (p. [1]).
Language: English
88 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Early changes in water-stable aggregation induced by rotation and tillage in a
soil under barley production.
Angers, D.A.; Samson, N.; Legere, A.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada, 1957-; 1993 Feb.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 73 (1): p. 51-59; 1993 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Aggregates; Stability; Formation; Particle size; Particle size
distribution; Soil degradation; Soil management; Hordeum vulgare; Trifolium
pratense; Rotations; Plowing; Chiselling; No-tillage; Conservation tillage;
Soil water content; Soil organic matter; Chemical composition
89 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Earthworm populations in dryland cropping soils under conservation-tillage in
South Australia.
Buckerfield, J.C.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Dec.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (12): p. 1667-1672; 1992 Dec. In the
special issue ISEE 4. Proceedings of the "4th International Symposium on
Earthworm Ecology," June 11-15, 1990, Avignon, France / edited by A.
Kretzschmar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South australia; Oligochaeta; Species; Aporrectodea caliginosa;
Earthworms; Introduced species; Conservation tillage; Rotations; Population
density; Biomass; Age structure; Population distribution; Soil depth; Soil
water content; Seasonal variation; Precipitation; Dry farming
Abstract: The seasonal abundance of earthworms and their vertical
distribution were studied in two adjacent fields, sown annually in an
alternating cereal-legume rotation, with minimal cultivation and
stubble-mulching. The introduced species Aporrectodea trapezoides, Microscolex
dubius and M. phosphoreus were concentrated in the upper 10 cm of soil for
90-150 days following the onset of autumn rains, but were not active in the top
60 cm after the rainfall declined in spring and throughout the dry summer.
Densities of up to 430 worms m-2 with a biomass of 111 g m-2 were recorded in
the wetter months. M. dubius was the dominant species in both fields in both
years. Differences in abundance, biomass and age-structure are discussed in
relation to soil moisture, pH, carbonate, organic C and N, and to the phase of
the crop rotation. The two fields have similar soils, similar cropping history
and productivity, but one field had consistently higher earthworm numbers and
biomass throughout 1988 and 1989. In each field the average size and total
biomass were higher, growth rate higher and adults relatively more abundant
under cereal than under the alternate legume phase.
90 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Economic analysis of alternative cropping systems for a bean/wheat rotation on
light-textured soils.
Yiridoe, E.K.; Weersink, A.; Roy, R.C.; Swanton, C.J.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1993 Apr.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de phytotechnie v. 73 (2):
p. 405-415; 1993 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; Phaseolus vulgaris; No-
tillage; Tillage; Rotations; Sandy loam soils; Crop yield; Returns; Production
costs; Cover crops; Secale cereale; Zea mays
91 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Economic analysis of including an annual forage in a corn-soybean farming
system.
Olson, K.D.; Martin, N.P.; Hicks, D.R.; Schmidt, M.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 599-606; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Medicago sativa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Rotations; Farm
enterprises; Microeconomic analysis; Decision making; Risks; Stochastic
processes; Farm budgeting; Returns; Profits; Agricultural prices; Labor
requirements; Crop quality; Crop yield; Machinery requirements; Farm
management; Environmental impact; Case studies
92 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
An economic assessment of maintaining high phosphorus and potassium soil test
levels.
Chase, C.; Duffy, M.; Webb, J.; Voss, R.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1991.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 6 (2): p. 83-86; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Rotations; Udolls; Phosphorus
fertilizers; Potassium fertilizers; Application rates; Economic viability;
Profitability; Production costs; Operating costs; Returns; Crop yield; Soil
testing; Soil test values; Phosphorus; Potassium; Residual effects; Long term
experiments; Seasonal variation; Fertilizer requirement determination;
Sustainability
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization costs, yields, and
economic returns associated with various P and K fertilization levels were
evaluated on corn and soybeans in rotation in northeastern Iowa from 1979 to
1989. The treatments were 0, 20, and 40 lb P/acre and 0, 60, and 120 lb
K/acre, in all nine combinations, plus the high rate (40 + 120) applied on
alternate years. (The latter treatment applied, respectively, in odd or even
years was averaged into one treatment.) The initial soil test levels averaged
57 pounds of P and 355 pounds of K The P-K treatments did not significantly
explain the variation in corn or soybean yields. Net returns were found
directly related to the cost of the treatment, so that the control treatment (0
+ 0) achieved the highest returns. The cost of using the 20 + 60 treatment to
maintain soil test levels in the high to very high range was $24/acre per year.
Annual application of 40 + 120 cost $45/acre. A sufficiency approach to
applying P and K could drastically reduce fertilizer costs for high-testing
soils. Further research is needed to determine if recommendations from this
approach can be lowered in some cases. Extension workers must continue to
develop ways to aid farmers in realizing the usefulness of soil testing.
Farmers must carefully evaluate their fertilization needs in conjunction with
soil test results. Together, a more sustainable approach to P and K
fertilization for corn and soybeans may be attained.
93 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
An economic comparison of conventional and reduced-chemical farming systems in
Iowa.
Chase, C.; Duffy, M.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1991.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 6 (4): p. 160-173; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Avena sativa; Alfalfa hay; Meadows;
Economic analysis; Cropping systems; Farming systems; Agricultural chemicals;
Comparisons; Alternative farming; Yields; Returns; Land; Labor requirements;
Production costs; Profitability; Labor costs; Farm management
Abstract: Labor requirements, production costs, yields, and economic returns
were evaluated for conventional and reduced-chemical cropping systems in
northeast Iowa from 1978 to 1989. Continuous corn (C-C) and corn-soybean
(C-Sb) rotations represented the conventional system; a corn-oat-meadow
(C-O-M) rotation represented the reduced-chemical system. The C-C and C-Sb
rotations used both commercial pesticides and fertilizers. The C-O-M rotation
used manure for fertilization and applied pesticides only in emergencies.
Operations for all systems were implemented by one farm manager. The C-Sb
rotation had the highest corn yield over the 12-year period, and the C-O-M
rotation the lowest. The corn within the C-O-M rotation, however, produced the
second highest average return to land labor, and management. With costs of
production substantially lower than the conventional systems, the C-O-M corn
crop had competitive returns despite lower-yield. The C-Sb average return to
land, labor, and management was significantly higher than for the other
systems. Hourly labor charges of $4, $10, $20, and $50 had little effect on the
rankings of economic returns. Because of unusually high alfalfa reseeding costs
and low average oat yields, returns to the C-O-M rotation were
significantly lower than C-Sb but comparable to C-C. With better alfalfa
establishment and higher average oat yields, the reduced-chemical system might
have been competitive with the C-Sb conventional system.
94 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
The economics of alternative tillage systems, crop rotations, and herbicide use
on three representative East-Central Corn Belt farms.
Martin, M.A.; Schreiber, M.M.; Riepe, J.R.; Bahr, J.R.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Weed science v. 39 (2): p. 299-307; 1991 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indiana; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays; Glycine max; Cost benefit
analysis; Conservation tillage; Sustainability; Integrated pest management;
Alternative farming; Farm income; Farm inputs; Herbicides; Weed control;
Rotations; Farm size; No-tillage; Farm results; Crop yield; Continuous
cropping; Chiselling; Mathematical models; Linear programming
Abstract: A linear programming model was used to determine which crop
rotations and weed management systems result in the highest net farm income for
each of three farm sizes (120, 240, and 480 hectares) under alternative tillage
systems. Test plot data for the years 1981 through 1988 from the
Purdue University Agronomy Farm, which has highly productive, well-drained
soils, were analyzed. Net incomes for no-till tillage systems on all farms in
the model were consistently and significantly lower than incomes for moldboard
and chisel plow tillage systems due to slightly lower yields and substantially
higher herbicide costs. Generally, net farm incomes were slightly higher with a
moldboard plow versus chisel plow tillage system. Also, as farm size
increased, per hectare net incomes increased. About 80% of the time under
moldboard or chisel plow tillage systems, the model chose as optimal the
lowest of three herbicide application rates. A corn/soybean rotation was
chosen as optimal on 56% of the farm area analyzed, versus 25% for continuous
corn and 13% for a corn/soybean/wheat rotation.
95 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Effect of 2,4-D and dicamba residues on following crops in conservation
tillage systems.
Moyer, J.R.; Bergen, P.; Schaalje, G.B.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 6 (1): p.
149-155; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum; Lens culinaris; Pisum sativum;
Brassica napus; Rotations; Medicago sativa; Conservation tillage; Weed control;
Chemical control; Herbicide residues; 2,4-d; Dicamba; Glyphosate; Residual
effects; Application date; Phytotoxicity; Crop damage; Spring; Sowing date;
Crop yield
96 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Effect of AC 222,293 soil residues on rotational crops.
Fellows, G.M.; Fay, P.K.; Carlson, G.R.; Stewart, V.R.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1990 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 4 (1): p.
48-51; 1990 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Triticum aestivum; Hordeum vulgare; Helianthus annuus;
Rotations; Lens culinaris; Brassica napus; Beta vulgaris; Avena fatua; Solanum
tuberosum; Herbicide residues; Residual effects; Pesticide persistence;
Herbicide rates; Phytotoxicity
97 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Effect of atrizine and tillage on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) establishment in
corn (Zea mays)-alfalfa rotation.
Kells, J.J.; Leep, R.H.; Tesar, M.B.; Leavitt, R.A.; Cudnohufsky, J.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1990 Apr.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of America v. 4 (2): p.
360-365. ill; 1990 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Zea mays; Medicago sativa; Rotations; Sequential
cropping; Seedlings; Phytotoxicity; Atrazine; Abiotic injuries; No-tillage;
Plowing; Persistence; Herbicide residues; Spatial distribution; Crop
establishment
98 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Effect of continued cropping on a heavy clay soil on the coast of Guyana with
and without tillage.
Simpson, L.A.; Gumbs, F.A.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Apr.
Tropical agriculture v. 69 (2): p. 111-118; 1992 Apr. Includes references.