TITLE: Double Cropping and Interplanting
 PUBLICATION DATE:  August 1994
 ENTRY DATE:  April 1995
 EXPIRATION DATE:  
 UPDATE FREQUENCY: 
 CONTACT:  Jane Gates
           Alternative Farming Systems Information Center
           National Agricultural Library
           Room 304, 10301 Baltimore Ave.
           Beltsville, MD  20705-2351
           Telephone:  (301) 504-6559
           FAX:  (301) 504-6409
           Internet:  afsic@nal.usda.gov
 DOCUMENT TYPE:  text
 DOCUMENT SIZE:  445k (217 pages)
 
 
 ==============================================================
                                              ISSN:  1052-5378
 United States Department of Agriculture
 National Agricultural Library
 10301 Baltimore Blvd.
 Beltsville, Maryland  20705-2351
 
 Double Cropping and Interplanting
 January 1991 - February 1994
 
 
 
 
 QB 94-51
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 Document Delivery information:
 
 Double Cropping and Interplanting
 January 1991 - February 1994
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Quick Bibliography Series:  QB 94-51
 Updates QB 91-122
 
 
 391 citations in English from AGRICOLA
 
 Mary V. Gold
 Alternative Farming Systems Information Center
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 August 1994
 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
 
 Gold, Mary V.
   Double cropping and interplanting : January 1991-February
 1994.
   (Quick bibliography series ; 94-51)
   1. Double cropping--Bibliography. I. Title.
 aZ5071.N3 no.94-51
 
 
 
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 Agricultural Library's AGRICOLA database.  An explanation of
 sample journal article, book, and audiovisual citations
 appears below.
 
 JOURNAL ARTICLE:
 
   Citation #                                     NAL Call No.
   Article title.
   Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher.  Journal Title.
   Date.  Volume (Issue).  Pages.  (NAL Call Number).
 
 Example:
   1                             NAL Call No.:  DNAL 389.8.SCH6
   Morrison, S.B.  Denver, Colo.:  American School Food Service
   Association.  School foodservice journal.  Sept 1987. v. 41
   (8). p.48-50. ill.
 
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   1                        NAL Call No.:  DNAL RM218.K36 1987
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   Includes index.  xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm.  Bibliography:
   p. 126.
 
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   Title.
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 Example:
   1                    NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV
   All aboard the nutri-train.
   Mayo, Cynthia.  Richmond, Va.:  Richmond Public Schools,
   1981.  NET funded.  Activity packet prepared by Cynthia
   Mayo.  1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +
   activity packet.
 
                Double Cropping and Interplanting
 
 SEARCH STRATEGY
 
      SET   DESCRIPTION
 
      S1    INTERCROP? OR (INTER()CROP?) OR INTERPLANTING?
            OR OVERSEED? OR OVERSOW? OR INTERSEED?
 
      S2    ((STRIP OR STRIPS)(3W)CROP?) OR STRIPCROP? OR
            (MIXED()CROP?) OR (MULTIPLE()CROP?) OR
 (CROP()MIXTURE)
            OR (DOUBLE()CROP?) OR DOUBLECROP?
 
      S3    (SEED()MIXTURE?) OR (COMPANION()(PLANT? OR CROP?))
            OR (CROP()COMBINATION?)
 
      S4    (MIXED()PASTURE?) NOT (SH=L100 OR SH=L500 OR
 SH=L600)
 
      S5    S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S4
 
      S6    S5 NOT TURF? OR FOREST?
 
      S7    S6/TI,DE
 
      S8    POLYCULTUR? NOT FISH
 
      S9    S7 OR S8
 
      S10    S9/ENG
 
      S11    S10/1991-1994
      
                Double Cropping and Interplanting
 
 1                                      NAL Call. No.: S1.N32
 2 crops for the price of 1: intercropping grosses up to
 $332/A. Cramer, C.; Cicero, K.
 Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1992 Feb.
 The New farm v. 14 (2): p. 14-17; 1992 Feb.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: North Dakota; Intercropping; Mixed cropping;
 Economic analysis
 
 
 2                                    NAL Call. No.: HD101.S6
 Adoption of double-cropping soybeans and wheat.
 Shapiro, B.I.; Brorsen, B.W.; Doster, D.H.
 Experiment, Ga. : Southern Agricultural Economics Association;
 1992 Dec. Southern journal of agricultural economics v. 24
 (2): p. 33-40; 1992 Dec. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Corn belt states of U.S.A.; Cabt; Glycine max;
 Triticum aestivum; Double cropping; Probabilistic models;
 Decision making; Risk; Farmers' attitudes; Farm income;
 Profitability; Zea mays; Innovation adoption
 
 Abstract:  Double-cropping of soybeans and wheat is often
 promoted by extension personnel. This paper seeks to explain
 how the decision to adopt double-cropping is made, using a
 Tobit regression model. Tobit makes use of more of the
 information in the data set than do logit or probit and
 explains not only the decision to double-crop but also the
 rate of adoption. The paper considers factors such as profit
 and risk perceptions and risk which have not been included in
 the past models used to explain adoption of technology. The
 results show that risk perception is important. Contrary to
 the findings of some other adoption studies, this decision in
 not influenced by human capital factors. The farmers who
 double-crop are more highly leveraged and appear to do so both
 to achieve higher income and as part of a risk diversification
 strategy. This is consistent with the importance of the
 location factor, measured as the average number of growing
 degree days at the farm's location. Growing degree days is a
 proxy for the actual distribution of returns from double-
 cropping and is the main factor explaining this decision.
 Extensive adoption of double-cropping in cooler regions of the
 Midwest must await technological advances that can increase
 the profitability of double-cropping by reducing the growing
 season for wheat and/or beans.
 
 
 3                                    NAL Call. No.: 382 SO12
 Aflatoxin contamination in mustard (Brassica juncea) in
 relation to agronomic practices.
 Bilgrami, K.S.; Choudhary, A.K.; Masood, A.
 Essex : Elsevier Applied Science; 1991.
 Journal of the science of food and agriculture v. 54 (2): p.
 221-228; 1991. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: India; Brassica juncea; Planting date; Continuous
 cropping; Crop mixtures; Contamination; Aflatoxins
 
 
 4                         NAL Call. No.: S494.5.A45A32  1992
 The AFNETA alley farming training manual..  Alley farming
 training manual Core course in alley farming Source book for
 alley farming research Tripathi, Bansh R.; Psychas, Paul J.;
 Atta-Krah, Kwesi; Sanginga, N. Alley Farming Network for
 Tropical Africa
 Ibadan : Alley Farming Network for Tropical Africa,; 1992.
 2 v. : ill., maps ; 30 cm.  Includes bibliographical
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hedgerow intercropping; Cropping systems;
 Agroforestry
 
 
 5                                   NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59
 Alfalfa emergence following interseeding into existing alfalfa
 stands. Bortnem, R.; Boe, A.; Einhellig, F.
 Georgetown, Tx. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1992.
 Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference v. 1: p.
 6-10; 1992. Proceedings of a meeting on "Forages '92:
 Grassroots of Animal Agriculture," held April 5-9, 1992, Grand
 Rapids, Michigan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: South Dakota; Medicago sativa; Cultivars;
 Resowing; Seedling emergence
 
 
 6                                   NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59
 Alfalfa establishment with diverse annual ryegrass cultivars.
 Sulc, R.M.; Albrecht, K.A.
 Georgetown, Tx. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1992.
 Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference v. 1: p.
 1-5; 1992. Proceedings of a meeting on "Forages '92:
 Grassroots of Animal Agriculture," held April 5-9, 1992, Grand
 Rapids, Michigan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Wisconsin; Medicago sativa; Lolium multiflorum;
 Cultivars; Companion crops; Fodder crops; Crop yield; Crop
 quality; Crop establishment
 
 
 7                                      NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3
 Alternative cropping systems and intensive irrigation under
 arid zone conditions.
 Dinar, A.; Yaron, D.; Baruchin, A.
 Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1992.
 Agricultural systems v. 38 (3): p. 301-318; 1992.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Israel; Double cropping; Arid regions; Farm
 management; Sprinkler irrigation; Trickle irrigation;
 Irrigation systems; Costs; Gross margins; Land use; Farm
 inputs; Mathematical models; Cropping systems
 
 
 8                                   NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
 Alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for use in
 crucifer crops. Endersby, N.M.; Morgan, W.C.
 Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1991.
 Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
 journal v. 8 (1): p. 33-52; 1991.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Australia; Cruciferae; Plutella xylostella;
 Pieris rapae; Integrated pest management; Biological control;
 Sterile insect release; Intercropping; Companion crops;
 Varietal resistance; Barriers; Insecticides; Insect
 repellents; Plant protection; Reviews
 
 
 9                               NAL Call. No.: DISS F1993010
 Analysis of yield advantage in mixed cropping.
 Ranganathan, Radha
 Netherlands? : s.n.,; 1993.
 ix, 93 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.  Thesis statement and summary in
 Dutch.  Includes bibliographical references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 
 10                                    NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
 Annual phytomass production of a rye-corn double-cropping
 system in Ontario. Tillenaar, M.; Mihajilovic, M.; Vyn, T.J.
 Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Nov.
 Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (6): p.
 963-967; 1992 Nov. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ontario; Secale cereale; Zea mays; Double
 cropping; Dry matter accumulation; Sowing date; Plant height;
 Growth rate; Phenology; Maturation period; Tillage; Harvesting
 date
 
 Abstract:  A rye (Secale cereale L.)-corn (Zea mays L.)
 double-cropping system has the potential to maximize annual
 phytomass production in Ontario. Field experiments were
 conducted at Elora and Woodstock, ON, from 1981 to 1984 to
 evaluate the impact of rye harvest and corn planting date
 combinations during the spring as well as tillage methods on
 annual above-ground phytomass production. Winter rye was
 planted in late September or early October after corn harvest
 and either chemically killed in early May or harvested as
 silage before corn planting. The rye/tillage treatments
 consisted of no-rye/rototill, rye/rototill, and rye/no-till.
 Corn phenology was monitored during the growing season and
 corn above-ground dry matter was harvested in late September.
 Rye phytomass was 2.7 and 4.5 Mg ha-1 at the middle of May in
 Elora and Woodstock, respectively, and 5.4 Mg ha-1 at the end
 of May in Elora. Rate of leaf appearance and plant height
 during early development was reduced, silking date was
 delayed, and plant moisture at corn harvest was higher for
 corn following rye in comparison to single-crop corn. The
 impact was largest in the no-till treatments. The combination
 of rye harvest date/corn planting date and tillage treatment
 that resulted in the highest phytomass production in the rye-
 corn double-cropping sequence was 6 to 10% higher than that of
 early planted corn. The reduction in corn dry matter
 accumulation due to the preceding rye crop and the delay in
 date of corn planting negated to a large extent the
 contribution of rye phytomass to the total phytomass
 production of the rye-corn double-cropping sequence.
 
 
 11                                 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Antibiosis to fall armyworm in Honduran landrace sorghum.
 Meckenstock, D.H.; Castro, M.T.; Pitre, H.N.; Gomez, F.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct.
 Environmental entomology v. 20 (5): p. 1259-1266; 1991 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Honduras; Sorghum bicolor; Spodoptera frugiperda;
 Antibiosis; Intercropping; Zea mays
 
 Abstract:  Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith),
 is an early season production constraint of sorghum, Sorghum
 bicolor (L.) Moench, and maize, Zea mays L., in Central
 America. Because fall armyworm populations decline after a
 brief buildup on landrace sorghum, this study was conducted to
 determine whether antibiosis was a mechanism of resistance.
 Three fall armyworm feeding experiments were conducted in the
 laboratory using whorl-leaf material collected daily from
 sorghum. Experiments began with neonate larvae once plants had
 lived for 30-40 d. Mortality, pupal weight, generation time,
 intrinsic rate of increase (rm), and relative fitness were
 used to make inferences about antibiosis. Experiment 1
 determined that the moderately resistant cheek, 1821 c.m. (rm
 = 0.31), was comparable to the susceptible check, 'Huerin
 Inta' (r = 0.30), thus indicating that its mechanism of
 resistance was probably larval nonpreference. However,
 landrace San Bernardo III (rm = 0.27) significantly suppressed
 fall armyworm population density increase. Experiment 2
 confirmed resistance in landrace San Bernardo III and showed
 that its resistance could be combined with that of inbred line
 TAM428 to produce an enhanced level of antibiosis. The
 mechanism of resistance in 'AF28' also was shown to be
 antibiosis. Experiment 3 indicated that antibiosis may be
 widespread in landrace populations and that it was manifested
 differently than in 'AF28'. Cohorts raised on three landrace
 accessions attained significantly lower pupal weights (184-191
 mg/larva-1) than those raised on 'AF28' (216 mg/larva-1). They
 also suffered significantly higher mortality on 'AF28' (42%)
 than those raised on landrace populations (16-30%). Antibiosis
 was detected in the landrace accessions San Bernardo III,
 Hilate-179, Pina-61, and Lerdo-104. A hypothesis, based on
 differential selection and increased selection pressure
 brought about through intercropping with maize, is presented
 to explain the development of antibiosis
 
 
 12                                  NAL Call. No.: 281.8 C16
 The application of multivariate stochastic dominance criteria
 to agricultural economic problems.
 Jeffrey, S.R.; Eidman, V.R.
 Ottawa : Canadian Agricultural Economics and Farm Management
 Society; 1991 Jul.
 Canadian journal of agricultural economics; Revue Canadienne
 d'economie rurale v. 39 (2): p. 193-209; 1991 Jul.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Minnesota; Dairy farming; Structural change;
 Risk; Multivariate analysis; Stochastic processes; Livestock
 numbers; Crop mixtures; Land use; Simulation models
 
 
 13                                  NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
 Applied phosphorus and potassium effects on yield of
 dallisgrass-bermudagrass pastures.
 Jones, W.F.; Watson, V.H.
 New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
 Journal of plant nutrition v. 14 (6): p. 585-597; 1991. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mississippi; Paspalum dilatatum; Cynodon
 dactylon; Nutrient requirements; Potassium; Phosphorus;
 Nutrient availability; Potassium chloride; Ammonium nitrate;
 Monocalcium phosphate; Application rates; Dry matter
 accumulation; Crop yield; Nitrogen; Yield response functions;
 Nutrient nutrient interactions; Mineral content; Nutrient
 content; Forage; Mixed pastures; Clay soils
 
 Abstract:  There are substantial areas of dallisgrass
 (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.)-common bermudagrass (Cynodon
 dactylon (L.). Pers.) summer-type pastures in the Southeastern
 Central Plain, but little information is available on their
 response to P and K fertilization. The purpose of this study
 was to measure the response of dallisgrass-common bermudagrass
 pastures to P and K fertilization with and without N.
 Phosphorus and K were applied to two soils in May each year
 for three years. Yield data were collected by clipping a swath
 through the length of the plots when the minimum forage height
 was approximately 30 cm. Responses to P and K applications
 were obtained when the soil test levels were low to very low,
 but not when they were medium as determined by the Mississippi
 Soil Test (MST). Forage P concentration of the control in the
 medium P and K soil was within the adequate range of 2.8 to
 3.4 g/kg, but forage K concentration was below the critical
 range of 16 to 18 g/kg. Forage P and K concentrations of the
 controls in the low P and K soil were below critical levels.
 At both locations forage P and K concentrations were increased
 by P and K fertilization. Available soil P increased with rate
 of P application but soil extractable K was unaffected by K
 application. No yield response to P and K are likely at medium
 soil test levels (MST) even at high rates of N. There was no
 response to P and K application without N.
 
 
 14                                 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
 Assessment of contrasting perennial ryegrasses, with and
 without white clover, under continuous sheep stocking in the
 uplands. 3. Herbage production, quality and intake.
 Davies, D.A.; Fothergill, M.; Jones, D.
 Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Mar.
 Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
 Grassland Society v. 46 (1): p. 39-49; 1991 Mar.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Wales; Lolium perenne; Trifolium repens; Crop
 mixtures; Pastures; Sheep; Herbage; Productivity; Organic
 matter; In vitro digestibility; Lambs; Feed intake; Forage;
 Chemical composition; Stocking rate; Liveweight gain
 
 
 15                                   NAL Call. No.: QL750.O3
 Augumentation of beneficial arthropods by strip-management. 4.
 Surface activity, movements and activity density of abundant
 carabid beetles in a cereal field.
 Lys, J.A.; Nentwig, W.
 Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
 Oecologia v. 92 (3): p. 373-382; 1992.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Cereals; Pterostichus cupreus; Pterostichus
 melanarius; Carabidae; Habitats; Strip cropping; Population
 density; Movement
 
 
 16                                    NAL Call. No.: S75.F87
 Ballyhooing beans.
 DePolo, J.
 East Lansing, Mich. : The Station; 1992.
 Futures - Michigan State University, Agricultural Experiment
 Station v. 10 (1): p. 27; 1992.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Michigan; Experimental stations; University
 research; Phaseolus; Beta vulgaris; Companion crops
 
 
 17                                    NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
 Banana and bean intercropping factors affecting bean yield and
 land use efficiency.
 Wortmann, C.S.; Sengooba, T.; Kyamanywa, S.
 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Jul.
 Experimental agriculture v. 28 (3): p. 287-294; 1992 Jul. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Uganda; Musa; Phaseolus vulgaris; Intercropping;
 Land use; Shading; Soil properties; Crop yield
 
 
 18                                 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32
 Benefits of intercrops as feed sources for livestock.
 Esmail, S.H.M.
 Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 Aug.
 Rangelands v. 13 (4): p. 193-195; 1991 Aug.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Soybeans; Intercropping; Maize; Sorghum; Silage;
 Livestock; Shading
 
 
 19                                 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
 Bermudagrass-subterranean clover response to nitrogen
 application. Brink, G.E.; Fairbrother, T.E.
 Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Oct.
 Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (4): p. 591-595; 1992
 Oct.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mississippi; Cynodon dactylon; Trifolium
 subterraneum; Oversowing; Ammonium nitrate; Application rates;
 Application date; Crop yield; Dry matter accumulation; Crop
 quality; Crop establishment
 
 
 20                                     NAL Call. No.: A00109
 The better way...controlling weeds with intercropping.
 Washington, DC : National Biotechnology Policy Center of the
 National Wildlife Federation; 1991 Dec.
 The gene exchange v. 2 (4): p. 8; 1991 Dec.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Trifolium repens; Zea mays; Intercropping; Crop
 yield
 
 
 21                                   NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
 Biodiversity of microarthropods in agricultural soils:
 relations to processes. Crossley, D.A. Jr; Mueller, B.R.;
 Perdue, J.C.
 Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 May.
 Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 40 (1/4): p. 37-46;
 1992 May.  In the Special Issue: Biotic Diversity in
 Agroecosystems / edited by M.G. Paoletti and D. Pimentel.
 Proceedings from a symposium on Agroecology and Conservation
 Issues in Tropical and a Temperate Regions, September 26-29,
 1990, Padova, Italy.  Literature review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Soil arthropods; Soil biology; Agricultural
 soils; Species diversity; Population dynamics; Farming
 systems; Fertilizers; Cultivation; Cropping systems;
 Pesticides; Trophic levels; Food chains; Soil organic matter;
 Soil flora; Free living nematodes; Roots; Ecosystems;
 Sustainability; Literature reviews
 
 
 22                                  NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
 A bio-economic evaluation of intercropping arrangements in a
 yam-cassava based cropping system in the rain forest belt of
 Nigeria.
 Anuebunwa, F.O.
 Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1992.
 Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
 journal v. 8 (3): p. 251-260; 1992.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Nigeria; Dioscorea rotundata; Zea mays; Citrullus
 lanatus; Manihot esculenta; Intercropping; Crop yield; Crop
 production; Energy value; Economic evaluation; Productivity;
 Profitability
 
 
 23                                  NAL Call. No.: S596.7.D4
 Biological nitrogen fixation in mixed legume/grass pastures.
 Ledgard, S.F.; Steele, K.W.
 Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992.
 Developments in plant and soil sciences v. 49: p. 137-153;
 1992.  In the series analytic: Biological nitrogen fixation
 for sustainable agriculture / edited by J.K. Ladha, T. George,
 and B.B. Bohlool. Extended versions of papers presented in the
 symposium "Role of biological nitrogen fixation in sustainable
 agriculture", 1990, Kyoto, Japan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mixed pastures; Leguminosae; Gramineae; Nitrogen
 fixation; Sustainability
 
 Abstract:  Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in mixed
 legume/grass pastures is reviewed along with the importance of
 transfer of fixed nitrogen (N) to associated grasses.
 Estimates of BNF depend on the method of measurement and some
 of the advantages and limitations of the main methods are
 outlined. The amounts of N fixed from atmospheric N2 in
 legume/grass pastures throughout the world is summarized and
 range from 13 to 682 kg N ha-1 yr-1. The corresponding range
 for grazed pastures, which have been assessed for white clover
 pastures only, is 55 to 296 kg N ha-1 yr-1 . Biological
 nitrogen fixation by legumes in mixed pastures is influenced
 by three primary factors; legume persistence and production,
 soil N status, and competition with the associated grass(es).
 These factors and the interactions between them are discussed.
 Legume persistence, production and BNF is also influenced by
 many factors and this review centres on the important effects
 of soil moisture status. soil acidity, nutrition, and pests
 and disease. Soil N status interacts directly with BNF in the
 short and long term. in the short-term, increases in soil
 inorganic N occurs during dry conditions and where N
 fertiliser is used, and these will reduce BNF. In the long-
 term, BNF leads to accumulation of soil N, grass dominance,
 and reduced BNF. However. cyclical patterns of legume and
 grass dominance can occur due, at least in part, to temporal
 changes in plant-available N levels in soil. Thus, there is a
 dynamic relationship between legumes and grasses whereby
 uptake of soil N by grass reduces the inhibitory effect of
 soil N on BNF and competition by grasses reduces legume
 production and BNF. Factors affecting the competition between
 legumes and grasses are considered including grass species,
 grazing animals, and grazing or cutting management. Some fixed
 N is transferred from legumes to associated grasses. The
 amount of N transferred 'below-ground', predominantly through
 decomposition of legume roots and nodules, has been estimated
 at 3 to 102 kg N ha-1 yr-1 or 2 to 26% of BNF. In grazed
 pasture, N is also transferred 'above-ground' via return in
 animal excreta and this can be of a similar magnitude to
 'below-ground' transfer. Increased BNF in mixed legume/grass
 pastures is being obtained through selection or breeding of
 legumes for increased productivity and/or to minimize effects
 of nutrient limitations. low soil moisture, soil acidity, and
 pests and disease. Ultimately, this will reduce the need to
 modify the pasture environment and increase the role of
 legumes in low-input, sustainable agriculture.
 
 
 24                                  NAL Call. No.: S596.7.D4
 Biological nitrogen fixation in mixed legume-cereal cropping
 systems. Fujita, K.; Ofosu-Budu, K.G.; Ogata, S.
 Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992.
 Developments in plant and soil sciences v. 49: p. 155-175;
 1992.  In the series analytic: Biological nitrogen fixation
 for sustainable agriculture / edited by J.K. Ladha, T. George,
 and B.B. Bohlool. Extended versions of papers presented in the
 symposium "Role of biological nitrogen fixation in sustainable
 agriculture", 1990, Kyoto, Japan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Legumes; Cereals; Intercropping; Nitrogen
 fixation; Sustainability
 
 Abstract:  Cereal/legume intercropping increases dry matter
 production and grain yield more than their monocultures. When
 fertilizer N is limited, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is
 the major source of N in legume-cereal mixed cropping systems.
 The soil N use patterns of component crops depend on the N
 source and legume species. Nitrogen transfer from legume to
 cereal increases the cropping system's yield and efficiency of
 N use. The use of nitrate-tolerant legumes. whose BNF is
 thought to be little affected by application of combined N,
 may increase the quantity of N available for the cereal
 component. The distance between the cereal and legume root
 systems is important because N is transferred through the
 intermingling of root systems. Consequently, the most
 effective planting distance varies with type of legume and
 cereal. Mutual shading by component crops, especially the
 taller cereals, reduces BNF and yield of the associated
 legume. Light interception by the legume can be improved by
 selecting a suitable plant type and architecture. Planting
 pattern and population at which maximum yield is achieved also
 vary among component species and environments. Crops can be
 mixed in different proportions from additive to replacement or
 substitution mixtures. At an ideal population ratio a semi-
 additive mixture may produce higher gross returns.
 
 
 25                                  NAL Call. No.: QC73.6.E5
 Biomass potential of selected grass and legume crops.
 Cherney, J.H.; Johnson, K.D.; Volenec, J.J.; Greene, D.K.
 Washington, DC : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Jul.
 Energy sources v. 13 (3): p. 283-292; 1991 Jul.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Biomass production; Festuca arundinacea; Phalaris
 arundinacea; Panicum virgatum; Medicago sativa; Lotus
 corniculatus; Marginal land; Fertilization; Secale cereale;
 Sorghum bicolor; Double cropping; Feasibility studies; Crop
 management
 
 
 26                                    NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
 Botanical composition of tropical grass-legume pastures
 estimated with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.
 Pitman, W.D.; Piacitelli, C.K.; Aiken, G.E.; Barton, F.E. II
 Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jan.
 Agronomy journal v. 83 (1): p. 103-107; 1991 Jan.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Paspalum notatum; Aeschynomene Americana;
 Macroptilium lathyroides; Mixed pastures; Botanical
 composition; Measurement; Sampling; Infrared spectroscopy;
 Equations; Estimation; Computer software
 
 Abstract:  Quantifying pasture composition requires either
 laborious or subjective approaches. Evaluations of near-
 infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine
 botanical composition of mixed pasture swards have shown
 potential. In this study, characterization of botanical
 composition of pastures comprised primarily of bahiagrass
 (Paspalum notatum Flugge), aeschynomene (Aeschymomene
 americana L.) and phasey bean [Macroptilium lathyriodes (L.)
 Urb.] by NIRS was evaluated. Three approaches (hand-composited
 samples, single-component samples, and actual pasture samples)
 were compared for equation development. Theoretical potential
 of NIRS is illustrated by high coefficients of determination
 (0.98-0.99) and low standard errors (1.4-2.9%) of equations
 for the above species from hand-composited samples. Equations
 developed from the three approaches were evaluated for
 estimation of the botanical composition of a separate group of
 pasture samples. Equations developed from hand-composited
 samples from a single source of each component were not
 acceptable for estimating composition of pasture samples
 despite the excellent calibration statistics. Single-component
 samples approached adequate results only for composite total
 grass and total legume groups, even though the pasture sample
 composition appeared to be well represented in the calibration
 sample set. Equations from pasture samples provided useful
 estimates of sample means, although some individual samples
 were poorly estimated. Thus, botanical composition of these
 pastures may be estimated using equations from actual pasture
 samples, and estimates of total grass and total legume may be
 obtained from use of single-component samples, which provides
 further labor reductions. A comparison of original software
 and updated software packages CAL, BEST, REG70, and partial
 least squares principal component regression showed none to be
 consistently superior.
 
 
 27                                NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1I66
 Botanical pesticides in Africa.
 Grossman, J.
 Berkeley, Calif. : Bio-Integral Resource Center; 1993 Jan.
 The IPM practitioner v. 15 (1): p. 1-9; 1993 Jan.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Africa; Botanical insecticides; Integrated pest
 management; Pyrethrins; Eugenol; Pesticides; Environmental
 impact; Citral; Intercropping; Fungicides; Herbicides;
 International organizations; Sustainability
 
 
 28                        NAL Call. No.: NBULD3656 1991 A238
 Breeding sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) for
 intercropping systems.. University of Nebraska--Lincoln thesis
 : Agronomy
 Abdulai, Mashark Seidu
 1991; 1991.
 ix, 95 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.  Includes bibliographical
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 
 29                                    NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
 Canopy duration and structure of pigeonpea intercropped with
 upland rice. Ramakrishna, A.; Ong, C.K.; Reddy, S.L.N.
 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Jul.
 Experimental agriculture v. 28 (3): p. 295-307; 1992 Jul. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Andhra pradesh; Cajanus cajan; Cultivars;
 Interactions; Intercropping; Oryza sativa; Canopy; Crop yield;
 Vertisols
 
 
 30                                 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Canopy structure in soybean monocultures and soybean-sorghum
 mixtures: impact on aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) landing
 rates.
 Bottenberg, H.; Irwin, M.E.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Jun.
 Environmental entomology v. 21 (3): p. 542-548; 1992 Jun. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Illinois; Glycine max; Monoculture; Sorghum
 bicolor; Crop mixtures; Canopy; Aphidoidea; Incidence; Insect
 control; Insect traps; Monitoring
 
 Abstract:  Aphid landing rates were monitored with horizontal
 mosaic green pan traps in monocultures of soybean, Glycine max
 (L.) Merrill, and in additive mixtures of soybean with dwarf
 or tall isolines of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
 Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) colonized sorghum whorls and was
 the major species caught in pan traps. Weekly aphicide spot
 applications to sorghum whorls, starting at 36 d after
 planting, did not suppress R. maidis colonies significantly
 until after the third application. Landing rates of R. maidis
 alatae were similar in treated and untreated crop mixtures.
 The lack of a significant difference may have resulted from
 immigration of R. maidis alatae from outside the experimental
 field but inefficient colony suppression may have produced
 similar results. Mixed cropping reduced landing rates of Aphis
 gossypii Glover, Aphis helianthi complex, and Lipaphis erysimi
 (Kaltenbach) on sorghum plants, and R. maidis on soybean
 plants. Generally, landing rates were equally reduced in the
 mixtures with tall or dwarf sorghum. The percentage of ground
 covered by vegetation, which was less in monocultures than in
 mixtures, proved to be more important than crop height in
 reducing aphid landing rates. All aphid species landed
 randomly on soybean and sorghum plants within dwarf sorghum
 mixtures. However, in tall sorghum mixtures Aphis nerii Boyer
 de Fonscolombe and A. gossypii preferred to land on soybean
 whereas Aphis spiraecola Patch landed more often on sorghum.
 Landing R. maidis alatae did not show a preference for sorghum
 or soybean in the crop mixtures. Different sensitivities to
 microclimatic conditions may explain these behavioral
 patterns.
 
 
 31                                  NAL Call. No.: 421 En895
 Carabid beetle assemblage under diversified agroecosystems.
 Tonhasca, A. Jr
 Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1993 Sep.
 Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 68 (3): p. 279-285;
 1993 Sep. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ohio; Cabt; Zea mays; Glycine max; Carabidae;
 Ecosystems; Habitats; Insect communities; Intercropping;
 Monoculture; No-tillage; Tillage; Species diversity; Trapping
 
 
 32                                  NAL Call. No.: SB599.P45
 cDNA cloning and characterization of two barley peroxidase
 transcripts induced differentially by the powdery mildew
 fungus Erysiphe graminis. Thordal-Christensen, H.; Brandt, J.;
 Cho, B.H.; Rasmussen, S.K.; Gregersen, P.L.; Smedegaard-
 Petersen, V.; Collinge, D.B.
 London : Academic Press; 1992 Jun.
 Physiological and molecular plant pathology v. 40 (6): p.
 395-409; 1992 Jun. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hordeum vulgare; Peroxidase; Dna libraries;
 Erysiphe graminis; Nucleotide sequences; Amino acid sequences;
 Gene expression
 
 Abstract:  A cDNA library of RNA from barley leaves inoculated
 with Erysiphe graminis was screened using labelled cDNA
 enriched for specific sequences by subtractive hybridization
 against RNA from non-inoculated leaves. This resulted in
 isolation of several clones representing pathogen induced
 genes. By cross-hybridization and sequence analysis, one of
 the cDNAs (pBT6-3) was found to be a partial clone
 representing a putative peroxidase, for which a full-length
 cDNA clone (pBH6-301) was subsequently isolated. The predicted
 amino acid sequence revealed a 21 amino acid signal peptide
 and a 294 amino acid mature protein (31 kDa) and shows 56%
 amino acid identity to a basic peroxidase from turnip, 89% to
 a putative peroxidase from wheat, but only 38% to the amino
 acid sequence derived from the cDNA clone (pcD1311) of a
 second putative barley peroxidase expressed in leaves.
 Northern blot analysis showed that the pBT6-3 (pBH6-301)
 transcript is elevated as early as 4 h after inoculation with
 E. graminis f. sp hordei and that two maxima in transcript
 levels appear, which can be correlated with penetration
 attempts by the fungus. The amount of the pcD1311 transcript
 was also found to increase in inoculated leaves but at a later
 time point.
 
 
 33                                   NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
 Chemical and biological control of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 in
 snap bean double-cropped with corn.
 Sumner, D.R.; Lewis, J.A.; Gitaitis, R.D.
 Oxford : Butterworths-Heinemann Ltd; 1992 Apr.
 Crop protection v. 11 (2): p. 121-126; 1992 Apr.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Georgia; Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays; Double
 cropping; Rhizoctonia solani; Plant pathogenic fungi;
 Fungicides; Chemical control; Biological control; Biological
 control agents; Efficacy; Crop yield
 
 
 34                                   NAL Call. No.: aS622.S6
 Chemical use down in Iowa project.
 Mitchell, P.
 Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1992 May.
 Soil & water conservation news - U.S. Deptartment of
 Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service v. 13 (1): p. 14; 1992
 May.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Iowa; Watershed management; Water quality;
 Groundwater pollution; Nitrates; Fertilizers; Strip cropping
 
 
 35                                  NAL Call. No.: QH301.N32
 Circadian control of gene expression and morphogenesis by heat
 shock in barley.
 Beator, J.; Kloppstech, K.
 New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1992.
 NATO ASI series : Series A : Life sciences v. 226: p. 101-106.
 ill; 1992.  In the series analytic: Regulation of chloroplast
 biogenesis / edited by J.H. Argyroudi-Akoyunoglou. Proceedings
 of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop, July 28-August 3, 1991,
 Crete, Greece.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hordeum vulgare; Circadian rhythm; Gene
 expression; Greening; Heat shock; Morphogenesis; Phytochrome;
 Messenger  RNA
 
 
 36                                   NAL Call. No.: 80 AM371
 A clean choice.
 Bremer, A.H.
 Chicago, Ill. : American Nurseryman Publishing Company; 1993
 Jun01. American nurseryman v. 177 (11): p. 38-41; 1993 Jun01.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ornamental woody plants; Plantations; Cover
 crops; Trifolium pratense; Grasses; Crop mixtures
 
 
 37                                 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
 Companion crop forage establishment: producer practices and
 perceptions. Simmons, S.R.; Martin, N.P.; Sheaffer, C.C.;
 Stuthman, D.D.; Schiefelbein, E.L.; Haugen, T.
 Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jan.
 Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (1): p. 67-72; 1992
 Jan.  Paper presented at a symposium on "Ecology and
 Management of Grazing Systems" presented at the annual meeting
 of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,
 January 14-19, 1991, San Francisco, California. Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Minnesota; Companion crops; Fodder crops; Crop
 establishment; Crop management; Regional surveys; Erosion
 control; Weed control; Lodging; Interspecific competition;
 Genetic improvement
 
 
 38                                   NAL Call. No.: 57.8 SO4
 Companion crop plus herbicide improves alfalfa yield.
 St. Louis, Mo. : Solutions Magazine; 1993 Mar.
 Solutions v. 37 (3): p. 46; 1993 Mar.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Wisconsin; Minnesota; Medicago sativa; Avena
 sativa; Herbicides; Crop yield; Weed control; Companion crops
 
 
 39                             NAL Call. No.: QH548.P54 1991
 Companion plants plants that help each other and how to use
 them., Rev. ed.. Philbrick, Helen Louise Porter,; Gregg,
 Richard B.
 Kenthurst, NSW, Australia : Kangaroo Press,; 1991.
 96 p. : ill. ; 21 cm.  Includes bibliographical references (p.
 89-91) and index.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Symbiosis; Myrmecophilous plants
 
 
 40                               NAL Call. No.: S494.5.S86S8
 Comparative evaluation of some inter-cropping systems in the
 humid tropics of southern Nigeria.
 Ghuman, B.S.; Lal, R.
 Binghamton, N.Y. : Food Products Press; 1991.
 Journal of sustainable agriculture v. 2 (2): p. 59-73; 1991. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Nigeria; Zea mays; Dioscorea rotundata; Citrullus
 colocynthis; Intercropping; Monoculture; Comparisons; Soil
 water content; Soil temperature; Roots; Length; Density; Crop
 yield; Humid tropics; Ultisols
 
 
 41                                   NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
 A comparison of moisture-conserving practices for the
 traditional sorghum-based cropping system of the Bay Region,
 in Somalia. Eagleton, G.E.
 Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1991 Jun14.
 Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 36 (1/2): p. 87-99;
 1991 Jun14. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Somalia; Vertisols; Sorghum; Vigna unguiculata;
 Vigna radiata; Arachis hypogaea; Water conservation; Soil
 water; Bunds; Intercropping; Incorporation; Sorghum stubble;
 Fallow; Crop yield; Grain; Seeds; Dry matter accumulation;
 Land evaluation; Rain; Temporal variation; Phosphorus;
 Nutrient availability; Phosphorus fertilizers; Use efficiency;
 Continuous cropping; Soil water retention
 
 
 42                                  NAL Call. No.: 443.8 H42
 The competition diallel and the exploitation and interference
 components of larval competition in Drosophila melanogaster.
 De Miranda, J.R.; Hemmat, M.; Eggleston, P.
 Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Jun.
 Heredity v. 66 (pt.3): p. 333-349; 1991 Jun.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Drosophila melanogaster; Genotype mixtures;
 Larvae; Animal competition; Diallel analysis; Mathematical
 models; Relationships; Crop mixtures; Crop yield
 
 Abstract:  A logistic model of the competition diallel is
 presented based on two linear parameters for the exploitation
 component of competition, namely the acquisition rate (f) and
 utilization efficiency (u), and one linear parameter for the
 interference component of competition (i). This interference
 component encompasses all phenomena that are uniquely related
 to duocultures, such as resource partitioning, mutual
 stimulation, inhibition and complementation. The model uses
 yield-density regression coefficients (c-values), but could be
 adapted to suit other variates that account for both
 competitor density and relative frequency. In Drosophila
 larval competition most interference is negative and depresses
 the performance of duocultures with respect to monocultures,
 over and above that expected from shared exploitation of a
 common resource. Even in the closely controlled competitive
 conditions of these experiments this interference accounts for
 a considerable proportion of the total variation. The
 isolation of a general, and therefore predictable,
 interference component may prove useful in agriculture when
 assessing the relative importance of mixture effects to the
 yield potential of different crops.
 
 
 43                                    NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
 Competitive effects of a short duration, bush type cowpea when
 intercropped with cotton in Zimbabwe.
 Natarajan, M.; Naik, D.M.
 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Oct.
 Experimental agriculture v. 28 (4): p. 409-416; 1992 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Zimbabwe; Vigna unguiculata; Zea mays; Gossypium;
 Intercropping; Plant competition; Yield components; Crop yield
 
 
 44                                NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
 Competitive outcome among four pasture species in sterilized
 and unsterilized soils.
 Turkington, R.; Klein, E.
 Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1991.
 Soil biology and biochemistry v. 23 (9): p. 837-843; 1991. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Dactylis glomerata; Holcus lanatus; Lolium
 perenne; Trifolium repens; Plant competition; Rhizobium
 leguminosarum; Soil flora; Microorganisms; Soil sterilization;
 Pot experimentation; Crop mixtures; Monoculture; Competitive
 ability; Dry matter accumulation; Weight; Survival; Crop
 yield; Growth rate; Crop growth stage; Inhibition; Nutrient
 availability
 
 Abstract:  Four pasture species (Dactylis glomerata, Holcus
 lanatus, Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens) were grown in
 monoculture and in all possible 2-, 3-, and 4-species
 combinations in pots. One set of pots was filled with
 sterilized soil in which most soil microorganisms and
 mycorrhiza had been eliminated, a second set was unsterilized
 and had an added Rhizobium inoculum. The experiment had four
 successive destructive harvests. For each plant species,
 regardless of the identity of its competitors, percentage
 survival was lowest in unsterilized soils, but the mean weight
 of survivors was unaffected, except for T. repens which had an
 increased biomass. In addition, at the first harvest the
 microorganisms and each of the plant species had a significant
 effect on the relative growth rates of each of the target
 plant species but this effect was not continued to the final
 harvest. It is argued that either (a) in the unsterilized
 soils microorganisms inhibit germination of some seeds or
 adversely affect young seedlings, and that they compete with
 growing plants for limited resources, (b) sterilization
 eliminates most of the bacteria present and this along with
 the added Rhizobium inoculum might contribute to the higher
 survival in sterilized soil, or (c) the nature of
 sterilization procedure alone increases the availability of
 essential resources to growing plants.
 
 
 45                                 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
 Competitiveness of lathyrus grown in monoculture and
 intercropping systems with cereals.
 Wall, D.A.; Campbell, C.G.
 Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy, c1987-; 1993 Jul.
 Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (3): p. 399-403; 1993
 Jul.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lathyrus sativus; Cereals; Volunteer plants;
 Intercropping; Crop weed competition; Interspecific
 competition; Crop yield
 
 
 46                                 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
 Competitiveness of lathyrus grown in monoculture and
 intercropping systems with cereals.
 Wall, D.A.; Campbell, C.G.
 Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy, c1987-; 1993 Jul.
 Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (3): p. 399-403; 1993
 Jul.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lathyrus sativus; Cereals; Volunteer plants;
 Intercropping; Crop weed competition; Interspecific
 competition; Crop yield
 
 
 47                                 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
 Component yields and quality of binary mixtures of lucerne and
 perennial, Italian or short rotation hybrid ryegrass.
 Jung, G.A.; Shaffer, J.A.
 Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications,; 1993 Jun.
 Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
 Grassland Society v. 48 (2): p. 118-125; 1993 Jun.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Cabt; Mixed pastures; Medicago
 sativa; Lolium perenne; Hybrids; Lolium multiflorum; Phleum
 pratense; Genotype mixtures; Provenance; Cultivars;
 Tetraploidy; Cold resistance; Winter hardiness; Grass sward;
 Persistence; Crop yield; Herbage; Dry matter; Yield
 components; Crop quality; In vitro digestibility; Nutritive
 value
 
 
 48                              NAL Call. No.: S494.5.D3C652
 A computer model for field machinery selection under multiple
 cropping. Haffar, I.; Khoury, R.
 Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Sep.
 Computers and electronics in agriculture v. 7 (3): p. 219-229;
 1992 Sep. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Farm machinery; Selection; Computer simulation;
 Simulation models; Multiple cropping; Microcomputers; Farm
 size; Patterns; Cost analysis; Operating costs; Mathematical
 models
 
 
 49                                 NAL Call. No.: SB197.A1T7
 Concentration and degradation of nitrogen and fibre fractions
 in selected tropical grasses and legumes.
 Brown, W.F.; Pitman, W.D.
 St Lucia : Tropical Grassland Society of Australia; 1991 Sep.
 Tropical grasslands v. 25 (3): p. 305-312; 1991 Sep.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Paspalum notatum; Hemarthria altissima;
 Aeschynomene Americana; Indigofera hirsuta; Mixed pastures;
 Crop mixtures; Crop quality; Forage; Nutritive value; Protein
 content; Nitrogen content; Fiber content; In vitro
 digestibility; Rumen flora; Microbial degradation
 
 
 50                          NAL Call. No.: aS627.C65C66 1992
 Contour stripcropping Minnesota job sheet..  Minnesota job
 sheet United States, Soil Conservation Service
 St. Paul, Minn. : USDA Soil Conservation Service,; 1992; A
 57.2:M 66/14. 1 sheet : col. ill ; 28 cm.  Caption title. 
 June 1992.  Shipping list no.: 92-0504-P.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Contour farming; Soil conservation
 
 
 51                                    NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
 Conventional vs. no-till corn following alfalfa/grass: timing
 of vegetation kill.
 Smith, M.A.; Carter, P.R.; Imholte, A.A.
 Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Sep.
 Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (5): p.
 78-786; 1992 Sep. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Wisconsin; Zea mays; Hybrids; No-tillage;
 Rotations; Medicago sativa; Grasses; Crop mixtures;
 Herbicides; Application date; Vegetation; Control; Tillage;
 Systems; Sowing date; Plant residues; Growth; Responses; Soil
 temperature; Soil water content; Seedling emergence; Yield
 losses
 
 Abstract:  Producers who plant no-till corn (Zea mays L.)
 following hay pasture are concerned about herbicide
 application timing and efficiency to kill perennial
 vegetation, plant residue effects on core growth, and optimal
 corn planting date. A field study was conducted near
 Arlington, WI, from 1985 to 1988 to evaluate the influences of
 (i) conventional (CT) vs. no-till (NT), (ii) fall vs. spring
 kill of perennial vegetation, (iii) late-April vs. mid-May
 planting, and (iv) three hybrid maturities on corn following
 legume/grass sod. Parameters measured include residue cover,
 soil temperature, and soil moisture after planting; corn
 emergence percentage; days to emergence; days to silk; grain
 moisture; and grain yield. Tillage by time of vegetation kill
 interactions were important for corn development and grain
 yield. Few differences were observed between fall and spring
 plowing in CT. For NT, however, chemically killing perennials
 in the spring compared to in the fall resulted in greater
 residue cover after planting (60-90% vs. 40%), and cooler and
 drier soil in the seed zone after planting. Emergence was
 delayed 1.5 to 4.0 d with spring-kill NT and subsequent
 development was delayed throughout the growing season. Spring-
 kill NT resulted in lower grain yields (-10 to -50%) compared
 to fall-kill NT in 3 of 4 yr. For NT, when perennial
 vegetation was killed in the fall and corn was planted early,
 plant growth and grain yields were comparable to those for CT.
 Fall-kill NT produced consistent growth and yield responses
 during the study years, whereas spring-kill NT results were
 more variable, with poorest results in the drought of 1988.
 
 
 52                                   NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Cool-season cover crops relay intercropped with cantaloupe:
 influence on a generalist predator, Geocoris punctipes
 (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). Bugg, R.L.; Wackers, F.L.; Brunson,
 K.E.; Dutcher, J.D.; Phatak, S.C. Lanham, Md. : Entomological
 Society of America; 1991 Apr.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (2): p. 408-416; 1991
 Apr.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Georgia; Cucumis melo; Cover crops; Insect
 control; Intercropping; Predators of insect pests; Beneficial
 insects; Density; Geocoris punctipes
 
 Abstract:  Cool-season cover crops were used in efforts to
 enhance densities of entomophagous insects on relay-
 intercropped spring plantings of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.
 var. reticulatus Seringe). Eight cover-cropping regimes,
 including a weedy fallow control, were tested in a replicated
 trial. Cover crop significantly affected densities of the
 predominant predator, a bigeyed bug, Geocoris punctipes (Say),
 amid cover crops, on or near cantaloupe plants, and on or near
 sentinel egg masses of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda
 (J. E. Smith) pinned to cantaloupe leaves. No significant
 difference was found for proportions of egg masses occupied or
 damaged by predators. For all indices of predator abundance
 and efficiency, absolute responses were highest for the plots
 of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L., 'Mt.
 Barker'). Numbers of G. punctipes per sentinel egg mass were
 significantly greater for the subterranean clover regime than
 for rye, crimson clover, and a polyculture of six cover crops,
 but were not significantly greater than for 'Vantage' vetch or
 the weedy fallow control plots. Rye showed particularly low
 densities of G. punctipes. Cover crops had no apparent effect
 on densities of aphids or whiteflies (Homoptera: Aphididae,
 Aleyrodidae) on cantaloupe leaves.
 
 
 53                                 NAL Call. No.: S540.A2F62
 Corn forage and forage sorghum double cropping yield,
 economics, crop nutrient removal, and quality.
 Gallaher, R.N.; Ford, S.A.; McSorley, R.; Bennett, J.M.
 Gainesville, Fla. : The Stations; 1991.
 Agronomy research report AY - Agricultural Experiment
 Stations, University of Florida (91-05): 14 p.; 1991. 
 Includes statistical data.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Florida; Zea mays; Sorghum; Sorghum bicolor x
 sorghum sudanense; Cultivars; Double cropping; Crop
 production; Cost analysis; Nutrient uptake; Statistics
 
 
 54                                    NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
 Corn growth following cover crops: influence of cereal
 cultivar, cereal removal, and nitrogen rate.
 Tollenaar, M.; Mihajlovic, M.; Vyn, T.J.
 Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993
 Mar. Agronomy journal v. 85 (2): p. 251-255; 1993 Mar. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ontario; Cabt; Zea mays; Cover crops; Double
 cropping; Secale cereale; Cultivars; Triticum aestivum; Crop
 residues; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates; Biomass
 production; Dry matter accumulation; Moisture content; Plant
 height; Crop yield
 
 Abstract:  Rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops often delay
 development and reduce yield of corn (Zea mays L.). A 3-yr
 study (1982-1984) was conducted to investigate the influence
 of four rye cultivars and one wheat Triticum aestivum L.)
 cultivar, rate of N application in the spring, and removal of
 above-ground cereal phytomass on growth and development of
 corn. Experiments were carried out at the Elora Research
 Station, Ontario, in a split-plot design with two N levels
 (145 and 220 kg ha-1) and five cereal cultivars as main plots,
 and cereal phytomass removal or retention as sub-plots. Cereal
 cultivars were planted in September after corn harvest and
 corn was planted in the spring. Corn leaf number and height
 were monitored during early corn development and whole-plant
 dry matter and moisture of corn were measured in September.
 The response of corn dry matter accumulation to cereal cover
 crop cultivar, N rate, and above-ground cereal phytomass
 varied among the 3 yr the study was conducted. Cereal
 phytomass was largest in 1993 and the impact of the cereal
 cover crop on corn growth and development was largest during
 this year. In contrast, the impact of cereal cultivar on corn
 was not associated with phytomass production among the five
 cereal cultivars. The effects of cereal cultivar cover crop on
 corn growth and development were largest for the rye cultivar
 Kodiak and the wheat cultivar Gordon, but these cultivars
 ranked third and fifth, respectively, in above-ground
 phytomass production in the spring. Increased N application
 could partially overcome the reduction in corn growth and
 development due to the cereal cultivars Kodiak and Gordon, but
 this was not the case for the other cereal cultivars. Removal
 of above-ground cereal phytomass before corn planting
 generally did not influence the delay in development and
 reduction in yield of the subsequent corn crop. In conclusion,
 the reduction in corn dry matter accumulation in response to
 cereal cover crops is a complex phenomenon, involving quantity
 of cereal residue, cereal cultivar and, occasionally, N
 application.
 
 
 55                                   NAL Call. No.: 100 T25F
 Corn hybrids evaluated in pure stands, mixtures, and paired
 rows. Graves, C.R.; West, D.R.; Kincer, D.R.; Harrison, M.;
 Bradley, J. Knoxville, Tenn. : The Station; 1992.
 Tennessee farm and home science : progress report - Tennessee
 Agricultural Experiment Station (163): p. 23-27; 1992. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Zea mays; Hybrids; Variety trials; Moisture;
 Stress; Pollination; Flowering; Maturation; Mixed cropping;
 Crop yield
 
 
 56                                   NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
 Cotton root and aboveground development with intercropped and
 conventional production systems.
 Porter, P.M.; Khalilian, A.; Bathke, G.R.; Hood, C.E.
 Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992.
 Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 3: p. 1078-1081;
 1992.  Paper presented at the Cotton Physiology Conference,
 1992.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Gossypium; Cropping systems
 
 
 57                                    NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
 Crimson clover management to enhance reseeding and no-till
 corn grain production.
 Ranells, N.N.; Wagger, M.G.
 Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
 Agronomy journal v. 85 (1): p. 62-67; 1993 Jan.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Zea mays; Cover crops; Trifolium incarnatum; No-
 tillage; Resowing; Strip cropping; Row orientation; Crop
 yield; Grain; Growth rate; Soil water content
 
 Abstract:  Economic savings and increased legume-N use
 efficiency may result from natural reseeding of winter annual
 legume cover crops. A 3-yr experiment was conducted on a Cecil
 fine sandy loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic
 Kanhapludult) to examine the effects of crimson clover
 (Trifolium incarnatum L.) strip desiccation width (25, 50, and
 75% of row area) and orientation (parallel or perpendicular to
 plant row) on soil water depletion, corn (Zea mays L.) growth
 and grain yield, and clover reseeding. Additional treatments
 included early desiccation (25% parallel strip 2 wk before
 corn planting), annual seeding (complete desiccation at corn
 planting), and mechanical disruption of clover growth by the
 no-tillage planter. Early-season soil water was lower in
 annual seeded plots compared to the 25% strip treatments each
 year, however, soil water was limiting in only one of 3 yr.
 Crimson clover successfully reseeded in all strip treatments
 each year, with dry matter production ranging from 3.0 to 5.2
 Mg ha-1 in 1990 and from 3.9 to 5.2 Mg ha-1 in 1991. Nitrogen
 content of reseeded crimson clover biomass ranged from 86 to
 134 kg ha-1 in 1990 and 93 to 111 kg ha-1 in 1991. Corn grain
 yield was only marginally affected by clover strip management
 in two out of 3 yr. Results suggest that under adequate
 moisture conditions a 50% desiccated strip has the potential
 to maximize clover N contribution. However, a 75% strip-width
 can minimize potential competition with corn for water and
 reduce physical impedance of the clover cover crop on corn
 growth.
 
 
 58                                  NAL Call. No.: QH540.E23
 Crop rotation and intercropping strategies for weed
 management. Liebman, M.; Dyck, E.
 Tempe, Ariz. : Ecological Society of America; 1993 Feb.
 Ecological applications v. 3 (1): p. 92-122; 1993 Feb. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Weeds; Cultural weed control; Weed biology;
 Rotations; Intercropping; Seed banks; Plant density; Crop weed
 competition; Allelopathy
 
 
 59                                    NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
 Crop rotation and tillage effects on corn growth and soil
 structural stability.
 Raimbault, B.A.; Vyn, T.J.
 Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Nov.
 Agronomy journal v. 83 (6): p. 979-985; 1991 Nov.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ontario; Zea mays; Rotations; Medicago sativa;
 Hordeum vulgare; Triticum aestivum; Trifolium pratense;
 Continuous cropping; Sequential cropping; Intercropping;
 Tillage; Minimum tillage; Crop yield; Grain; Growth rate; Soil
 structure; Aggregates; Stability; Long term experiments
 
 Abstract:  Increasing concerns about soil degradation with
 continuous corn (Zea mays L.) production and a scarcity of
 scientific information regarding corn grown in rotation with
 the diversity of crops produced in Ontario, prompted a long
 term study on the effect of various crop rotations and their
 interaction with two tillage systems on corn growth and soil
 structure. Eight rotations were established in 1980 which
 included continuous corn, six rotations comprised of 2 yr of
 corn following 2 yr of another crop or crop sequence, and
 continuous alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Each rotation was
 divided into either conventional tillage (fall moldboard plow)
 or minimum tillage (fall chisel plow). First-year corn grown
 in rotation yielded 3.9% more than continuous corn for
 conventional tillage and 7.9% more than continuous corn for
 minimum tillage. These corn responses to rotation were smaller
 than most of those reported in the literature. When barley
 (Hordeum vulgare L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were the
 preceding crops, interseeding red clover (Trifolium pratense
 L.) increased first year corn yields only on conventionally
 tilled plots. Corn plant development was consistently slower
 with minimum tillage compared to conventional tillage. Yields
 were significantly lower with minimum tillage for continuous
 corn and where corn followed wheat interseeded with red
 clover. Little or no response to rotation was observed in
 second-year corn. The seedbed with continuous corn had a lower
 proportion of fine aggregates compared to corn grown in
 rotation. In most years soil aggregate stability was highest
 under continuous alfalfa and including a legume (whether
 alfalfa or interseeded red clover) in the rotation improved
 aggregate stability compared to continuous corn.
 
 
 60                                   NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
 Cropping system and consolidation effects on rill erosion in
 the Georgia piedmont.
 West, L.T.; Miller, W.P.; Bruce, R.R.; Langdale, G.W.; Laflen,
 J.M.; Thomas, A.W.
 Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Jul.
 Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (4): p.
 1238-1243; 1992 Jul. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Georgia; Glycine max; Sorghum bicolor; Trifolium
 incarnatum; No-tillage; Tillage; Comparisons; Continuous
 cropping; Double cropping; Surface layers; Horizons;
 Modification; Rill erosion; Erodibility; Temporal variation;
 Shear
 
 Abstract:  Consolidation and changes in surface horizon
 properties induced by no-tillage may reduce soil loss to
 levels beyond those attributable to surface residue alone. To
 evaluate effects of consolidation and surface horizon
 modification induced by long-term no-tillage on rill
 erodibility and critical hydraulic shear, simulated rainfall
 and inflow were applied to plots managed under conventionally
 tilled monocropped soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.],
 conventionally tilled monocropped grain sorghum [Sorghum
 bicolor (L.) Moench], and no till double cropped crimson
 clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and grain sorghum at three
 sites with differing surface horizon clay contents. All
 surface residue was removed prior to rainfall simulation, and
 conventionally tilled cropping systems were evaluated in both
 consolidated and freshly tilled conditions. Increases in
 organic C from 9.3 to 12.9 g kg-1 and water-stable aggregates
 from 50 to 76% induced by no-tillage resulted in a 60 to 70%
 decrease in Kr for the no-till system, compared with
 conventionally tilled systems. No differences in Kr were
 observed for the two conventionally tilled systems. No
 differences in critical hydraulic shear were observed among
 the tillage systems. Consolidation within the conventionally
 tilled treatments reduced Kr by approximately 60%, from that
 observed for freshly tilled soil. The reduction was attributed
 to greater resistance to detachment by flow associated with
 soil strength increases due to consolidation. Differences in
 Kr and critical hydraulic shear among the sites were small and
 were not readily explained by any of the soil properties
 evaluated. These results indicate that consolidation and
 modification of surface soil properties under no-till cropping
 systems are important factors that contribute to reduced rill
 soil loss observed under no-tillage.
 
 
 61                                 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
 Cropping systems for clay soils: irrigated and nonirrigated
 soybean rotated with corn and sorghum.
 Heatherly, L.G.; Wesley, R.A.; Elmore, C.D.
 Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Apr.
 Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (2): p. 248-253; 1992
 Apr.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mississippi; Glycine max; Zea mays; Sorghum
 bicolor; Triticum aestivum; Crop yield; Seeds; Grain;
 Rotations; Continuous cropping; Monoculture; Irrigated
 conditions; Dry farming; Clay soils; Double cropping
 
 
 62                                    NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
 Cropping systems for spring and winter cereals under simulated
 pasture: Sward structure.
 Baron, V.S.; Najda, H.G.; Salmon, D.F.; Pearen, J.R.; Dick,
 A.C. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada, 1957-; 1993
 Oct.
 Canadian journal of plant science v. 73 (4): p. 947-959; 1993
 Oct.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Alberta; Cabt; Avena sativa; Hordeum vulgare;
 Triticum aestivum; Triticale; Crop production; Crop yield;
 Yield components; Continuous cropping; Intercropping; Double
 cropping; Grass sward; Stand structure; Spring and winter
 habit
 
 
 63                                 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
 Damage by pod-sucking bugs on cowpea when intercropped with
 maize. Gethi, M.; Khaemba, B.M.
 London : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Jul.
 Tropical pest management v. 37 (3): p. 236-239; 1991 Jul. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Kenya; Clavigralla tomentosicollis; Clavigralla;
 Vigna unguiculata; Zea mays; Insect pests; Infestation; Pods;
 Crop yield; Crop damage; Intercrops; Intercropping; Spatial
 variation; Fields; Cultural control; Pest control
 
 
 64                                     NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3
 A decision model for variety mixtures to control yellow rust
 on winter wheat. Yong, L.; Zadoks, J.C.
 Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1992.
 Agricultural systems v. 38 (1): p. 17-33; 1992.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Puccinia striiformis; Triticum; Varieties; Crop
 mixtures; Disease control; Decision making; Simulation models;
 Frequency dependent selection; Stability; Races; Disease
 models; Plant pathogens; Evaluation; Optimization; Disease
 resistance
 
 
 65                                NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
 Decomposition of sorghum residue in a double-crop sorghum and
 wheat system. Wilson, D.O.; Raymer, P.L.
 Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Aug.
 Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (8): p. 789-793; 1992 Aug. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Georgia; Sorghum bicolor; Cultivars; Triticum
 aestivum; Double cropping; Crop residues; Decomposition;
 Incorporation; Temporal variation; Dry matter; Nitrogen;
 Losses from soil systems; Carbon-nitrogen ratio; Ultisols
 
 Abstract:  An understanding of crop residue decomposition
 patterns is fundamental to the efficient management of
 residue, particularly in double-cropping systems. In a 3-yr
 study conducted at Plains, Ga, decomposition of residue from
 three grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivars
 buried in mesh (53-micrometer) bags at two different times was
 monitored for 160-225 d, depending on the year. No consistent
 differences in decomposition patterns among the cultivars were
 apparent. Residue dry matter and N loss from both Burial 1
 (immediately after sorghum grain harvest) and Burial 2 [prior
 to planting wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell), about 50 d
 after Burial 1] followed exponential patterns. During the
 interval between Burial 1 and Burial 2, slower decomposition
 of the standing residue resulted in Burial 2 residue being
 reduced to means of 77 and 84% of the original dry matter and
 N values, respectively; whereas, mean values for the buried
 Burial 1 residue had declined to 50 and 76% for original dry
 matter and N, respectively. However, by 225 d after Burial 1,
 both residues had very similar relative dry matter and N
 values. At 225 d, the mean relative dry matter remaining for
 Burial 1 and Burial 2 residues were 36 and 33%, respectively.
 The mean relative N remaining at 225 d for Burial 1 and Burial
 2 residues were 67 and 64%, respectively. The C-to-N ratio of
 the residue decreased linearly with time from an initial mean
 of 33.3 to a mean of 15.8 after 225 d of decomposition. The
 results demonstrate that sorghum residue is readily decomposed
 in soils of the southeastern U.S.A.
 
 
 66                                  NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
 Decreasing rates of nonselective herbicides in double-crop no-
 till soybeans (Glycine max).
 Moseley, C.M.; Hagood, E.S. Jr
 Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1991 Jan.
 Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of
 America v. 5 (1): p. 198-201; 1991 Jan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Virginia; Glycine max; Double cropping; No-
 tillage; Weed control; Chemical control; Chlorimuron; Linuron;
 Glyphosate; Paraquat; Herbicide mixtures; Digitaria
 sanguinalis; Application rates
 
 
 67                                   NAL Call. No.: QH540.J6
 Denitrification in grass and forest vegetated filter strips.
 Groffman, P.M.; Axelrod, E.A.; Lemunyon, J.L.; Sullivan, W.M.
 Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jul.
 Journal of environmental quality v. 20 (3): p. 671-674; 1991
 Jul.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Rhode Island; Strip cropping; Grass strips;
 Festuca arundinacea; Phalaris arundinacea; Quercus; Acer
 rubrum; Denitrification; Soil types; Soil ph
 
 Abstract:  Denitrification was measured in two grass and two
 forest vegetated filter strips (VFS) in Rhode Island. The
 grass plots were established on a well-drained soil and were
 planted to either tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) or reed
 canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea). One forest site was on an
 excessively well-drained soil and was dominated by oak
 (Quercus sp.), and the other was on a poorly drained soil and
 was dominated by red maple (Acer rubrum). Denitrification was
 measured using soil cores under aerobic and anaerobic
 conditions with a range of treatments: no amendment,
 acetylene, water, nitrate (NO3(-)), NO3(-) plus C. Unamended
 rates of denitrification were low in all plots. Nitrate and
 NO3(-)-plus-C amended rates were consistently higher in the
 grass plots than in the forest plots. Nitrate-plus carbon-
 amended rates were higher than NO3(-)-amended rates in all
 plots, but the differences were significant (P less than 0.05)
 in the forest plots only. Denitrification enzyme activity
 (DEA) was measured in 14 additional forest sites of varying
 natural drainage classes and was related to soil moisture (r2
 = 0.56, P less than 0.01) and pH (r2 = 0.43, P less than 0.01)
 at these sites. The results suggest that the ability of VFS to
 support denitrification varies strongly with vegetation, soil
 type and pH, and that denitrification in VFS may be amenable
 to management.
 
 
 68                                NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68
 Developing an effective southernpea and sweet corn intercrop
 system. Francis, R.; Decoteau, D.R.
 Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science,
 c1991-; 1993 Apr. HortTechnology v. 3 (2): p. 178-184; 1993
 Apr.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: South Carolina; Cabt; Zea mays; Vigna
 unguiculata; Intercropping; Light relations; Crop density;
 Crop yield; Monoculture; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application
 rates
 
 
 69                                    NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
 Development of double-crop soybean under different soil water
 regimes. Pearce, R.C.; Grabau, L.J.; Grove, J.H.; Lin, H.
 Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993
 May. Agronomy journal v. 85 (3): p. 576-583; 1993 May. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Kentucky; Cabt; Glycine max; Double cropping;
 Triticum aestivum; Soil water content; Crop growth stage;
 Sowing date; Crop yield; Seeds; Rain; Dry conditions; Water
 stress; Drought; Growth rate
 
 Abstract:  Double-crop soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
 comprises nearly one-third of the total soybean hectarage in
 the southeastern USA. This study was initiated to investigate
 the water relations of soybean following winter wheat
 [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Thell], with emphasis on the
 role of stored soil water. A treatment scheme was devised in
 which wheat was killed at heading, mid-grain fill, and
 maturity, resulting in three different levels of stored soil
 water at soybean planting. In 1986, soil water levels at
 planting were 26.0, 23.1 and 21.4 cm of water in the 0.9-m
 profile, respectively. A relatively dry early summer resulted
 in poor soybean stands and slow early growth; however,
 rainfall was well distributed during the latter half of the
 growing season. Soybean yields in 1986 were 2.76, 1.60, and
 0.44 Mg ha(-1, respectively. Initial soil water levels in 1987
 were 31.1, 27.5, and 25.1 cm of water in the 0.9-m profile. A
 wet early summer resulted in good stands and vigorous early
 growth, but a late summer drought caused severe stress during
 the reproductive growth period. Soybean yields recorded in
 1987 were 0.97, 0.54, and 0.30 Mg ha(-1, respectively'. In
 1989, soil water levels at planting were 33.1, 34.3, and 31.6
 cm and associated yields were 1.51, 1.81, and 1.11 Mg ha(-1).
 Rainfall was above average and well distributed during the
 1989 season. Within each of the years there was a positive
 relationship between soil water level at planting and yield of
 double-crop soybean; however, between years the amount and
 distribution of rainfall had a more dominant influence on
 yield than did soil water level at planting.
 
 
 70                                   NAL Call. No.: 470 C16C
 The development of spatial pattern in shoots of Linaria
 vulgaris (Scrophulariaceae) growing on fallow land or in a
 barley crop. Nadeau, L.B.; Dale, M.R.T.; King, J.R.
 Ottawa, Ont. : National Research Council of Canada; 1991 Nov.
 Canadian journal of botany; Journal canadien de botanique v.
 69 (1): p. 2539-2544; 1991 Nov.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Alberta; Linaria vulgaris; Shoots; Developmental
 stages; Spatial distribution; Growth; Fallow; Companion crops;
 Hordeum vulgare; Plant density; Seasonal variation; Weed
 biology; Stand establishment
 
 
 71                                  NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
 Differential response of Fe-efficient corn and Fe-inefficient
 corn and oat to phytosiderophore released by Fe-efficient
 Coker 227 oat.
 Jolley, V.D.; Brown, J.C.
 New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
 Journal of plant nutrition v. 14 (1): p. 45-58; 1991. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Avena sativa; Zea mays; Iron; Nutrient uptake;
 Mineral deficiencies; Stress; Siderophores; Cultivars; Crop
 mixtures; Nutrient availability; Solubilization; Mineral
 content; Ferric ions; Chlorosis; Leaves; Genotype mixtures
 
 Abstract:  Iron-efficient Coker 227 oat responds to Fe-
 deficiency stress by producing a phytosiderophore that
 solubilizes Fe while Fe-inefficient TAM 0-312 does not. WF9
 and ys1 corn are also Fe efficient and inefficient,
 respectively, but neither produce much phytosiderophore during
 Fe-deficiency stress. The objective of this study was to
 determine if phytosiderophore released by Fe-deficiency
 stressed Coker 227 oat would increase the availability of Fe
 to TAM 0-312 oat, WF9 corn, or ys1 corn. These cultivars were
 grown in a modified Steinberg solution with 1.2 mg/L Fe and in
 ratios of (Coker:TAM) 28:0, 21:7, 14:14, 7:21, and 0:28 and
 (Coker:corn) of 28:0, 21:1. 14:2. 7:3 and 0:4. Daily chlorosis
 ratings and periodic measurements of leaf and root Fe contents
 and phytosiderophore release were determined. Iron solubilized
 by the phytosiderophore released by Fe-stressed Coker 227 oat
 made Fe available to WF9 corn at the 21:1 and 14:2 Coker:WF9
 ratios as reflected in chlorosis ratings and leaf Fe contents,
 but ys1 was incapable of obtaining Fe at any of the ratios.
 TAM 0-312 oat was less efficient in obtaining Fe from Fe-
 phytosiderophore than was WF9 corn. As the ratio of Coker:WF9
 and Coker:TAM decreased, Coker 227 oat either became more
 cholorotic and/or leaf Fe declined, but this did not occur
 with Coker 227 growing with ys1 corn. Thus, ability to absorb
 Fe from Fe-phytosiderophore released by Fe-stressed Coker 227
 oat was in the order WF9 corn > TAM 0-312 oat > ys1 corn.
 
 
 72                             NAL Call. No.: S592.17.A73A74
 Dinitrogen fixation and transfer in legume-crested wheatgrass
 mixtures on semiarid rangelands.
 Gebhart, D.L.; Call, C.A.; Weaver, R.W.
 Washington, DC : Taylor & Francis; 1993 Jan.
 Arid soil research and rehabilitation v. 7 (1): p. 1-13; 1993
 Jan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Utah; Agropyron cristatum; Agropyron desertorum;
 Crosses; Medicago sativa; Melilotus alba; Interplanting;
 Ratios; Rangelands; Nitrogen fixation; Transfer; Nitrogen; Dry
 matter accumulation; Nutrient content; Site factors; Seasonal
 variation; Semiarid climate
 
 
 73                                  NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
 Dinitrogen fixation, nitrogen transfer, and productivity of
 forage legume-grass communities.
 Heichel, G.H.; Henjum, K.I.
 Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1991 Jan.
 Crop science v. 31 (1): p. 202-208; 1991 Jan.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Lotus corniculatus; Trifolium
 pratense; Trifolium repens; Phalaris arundinacea; Rhizobium;
 Nitrogen fixation; Mixed pastures; Nutrient availability;
 Nitrogen content; Nitrogen cycle; Dry matter accumulation;
 Crop yield
 
 Abstract:  The extent of N2 fixation in legume-grass mixtures
 grown in the northcentral USA and the importance of legume to
 grass N transfer are not well understood. The objective of
 this 4-yr field experiment was to determine seasonal N2
 fixation and N transfer by stable isotope methods in swards of
 alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus
 corniculatus L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and
 ladino white clover (T. repens L.) with reed canarygrass
 (Phalaris arundinacea L.). Alfalfa in mixture with grass fixed
 the most N2 per season (82 to 254 kg N ha-1) and ladino white
 clover the least (1 to 20 kg N ha-1). For all mixtures except
 birdsfoot trefoilgrass, fixation was greatest during Year 2 of
 the stands. The proportion of legume N from symbiotic fixation
 increased progressively from Year 1 through 4 and averaged
 >93% for all legumes in Year 4. Legume to grass N transfer was
 greatest in Year 2 of the stands and averaged approximately
 36% of grass N across all mixtures. On a land area basis, N
 transfer in Year 2 ranged from 29 to 53 kg N ha-1 and was
 greatest for the ladino white clover-grass mixture. The
 decline in N transfer in Years 3 and 4 was associated with a
 loss in sward legume content, reduced whole-plant dry matter
 accumulation in legume and grass, and large losses in root-
 plus-crown dry matter accumulation by grass in Year 4. The
 results indicate that forage legumes in mixture with grass are
 virtually self-sufficient for N and can concurrently transfer
 appreciable N to the companion grass.
 
 
 74                                  NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
 Double cropping and interplanting: January 1989-May 1991.
 Gates, J.P.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1991 Jul.
 Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
 National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (91-122): 43 p.; 1991
 Jul.  Updates QB 89-97. Bibliography.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Double cropping; Interplanting; Bibliographies
 
 
 75                                 NAL Call. No.: 309.9 N216
 Double planting of collard greens and watermelons with two
 types of plastic mulches and VisPore row cover.
 Khan, V.A.; Stevens, C.; Lu, J.Y.; Brown, J.E.; Rhoden, E.G.;
 Wilson, M.A.; Kabwe, M.K.; Haung, Z.
 St. Augustine, FL : American Society for Plasticulture; 1991.
 Proceedings of the ... National Agricultural Plastics Congress
 (23rd): p. 134-138; 1991.  Meeting held Sept. 29 - Oct. 3,
 1991, Mobile, Alabama. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Brassica oleracea; Citrullus lanatus; Double
 cropping; Plastic film; Covers
 
 
 76                                   NAL Call. No.: S671.A66
 Double-cropping interseeding system for wheat, soybeans, and
 cotton. Hood, C.E.; Khalilian, A.; Palmer, J.H.; Garner, T.H.;
 Garrett, T.R.; Hayes, J.C.
 St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
 Engineers; 1991 Sep. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 7
 (5): p. 530-536; 1991 Sep.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; Gossypium
 hirsutum; Double cropping; Interplanting; Intercropping;
 Planters
 
 Abstract:  Double-cropping planting schemes and equipment have
 been developed and successfully tested for interseeding
 (intercropping) soybeans and cotton in standing wheat. The
 system accommodates annual controlled-traffic planting,
 fertilization, chemical application, and crop harvesting. A
 versatile toolbar design allows for mounting seeding
 components to minimize damage to the wheat crop during the
 interseeding operation. Yield results for coastal plain soils
 of die southeast indicate that wheat, soybean, and cotton
 yields are usually higher than with conventional double-
 cropping methods. Major advantages include a reduction in
 energy for deep tillage, elimination of wheat straw burning,
 and a reduction in herbicide usage.
 
 
 77                                     NAL Call. No.: S79.E8
 Doublecropping systems for soybean and beef production.
 Hovermale, C.H.; Davis, J.D.; St. Louis, D.G.
 Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1992 Apr.
 Technical bulletin - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry
 Experiment Station (181): 8 p.; 1992 Apr.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mississippi; Glycine max; Beef cattle; Double
 cropping; Grazing; No-tillage; Aerial sowing; Crop yield;
 Stocking rate
 
 
 78                         NAL Call. No.: FUS603.7.H621 1992
 Double-cropping vegetables on polyethylene-mulched beds.
 Hochmuth, George J.
 Gainesville, Fla. : Florida Cooperative Extension Service,
 Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of
 Florida,; 1992.
 [6] p. : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm.  SP 109.  March 1992. 
 Includes bibliographical references (p. [6]).
 
 Language:  English; English
 
 Descriptors: Double cropping; Mulching; Vegetables
 
 
 79                                NAL Call. No.: SB191.R5I59
 Dual-purpose legumes in the rainfed lowland rice-based system
 in the Philippines.
 Ahmed, N.U.; Hildebrand, P.E.; Carangal, V.R.
 Manila : The Institute; 1991 Aug.
 IRRI research paper series - International Rice Research
 Institute (146): 13 p.; 1991 Aug.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Philippines; Oryza sativa; Dry farming; Lowland
 areas; Intercropping; Vigna unguiculata; Vigna radiata;
 Cajanus cajan; Monoculture; No-tillage; Plowing; Harrowing;
 Soil water content; Water stress; Growth rate; Crop yield;
 Grain; Profitability; Productivity; Returns; Multiple use;
 Fodder crops; Grain crops
 
 
 80                                  NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W412
 Dynamics of competition between wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and
 winter cereals. Cousens, R.D.; Weaver, S.E.; Martin, T.D.;
 Blair, A.M.; Wilson, J. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific
 Publications; 1991 Aug.
 Weed research v. 31 (4): p. 203-210; 1991 Aug.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Uk; Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat; Hordeum
 vulgare; Crop weed competition; Avena fatua; Monoculture; Crop
 mixtures; Growth rate; Crop establishment; Plant height; Dry
 matter accumulation; Leaf area
 
 
 81                                   NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
 The dynamics of different organic and inorganic phosphorus
 fractions in soils from the south of Santa Fe Province,
 Argentina.
 Vazquez, M.E.; Noellemeyer, E.; Coremberg, P.
 New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1991.
 Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 22
 (11/12): p. 1151-1163; 1991.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Argentina; Inorganic phosphorus; Organophosphorus
 compounds; Nutrient availability; Soil types (genetic);
 Nutrient uptake; Nutrient content; Mineral content;
 Lycopersicon esculentum; Pastures; Mixed pastures; Fields;
 Fertilizer requirement determination; Dry matter accumulation
 
 
 82                                NAL Call. No.: 100 L93 (3)
 Economics of enterprise selection and whole farm decision
 making the Louisiana rice growing areas.
 Heagler, A.M.; Giesler, G.G.
 Crowley, La. : The Station; 1991.
 Annual research report - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
 Station (83rd): p. 325-329; 1991.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Louisiana; Oryza sativa; Cost benefit analysis;
 Crop production; Decision making; Double cropping; Farm
 budgeting
 
 
 83                                 NAL Call. No.: HM206.A1H8
 The economics of monocropping and intercropping by
 smallholders: the case of coconuts in Indonesia.
 Godoy, R.; Bennett, C.P.A.
 New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Mar.
 Human ecology v. 19 (1): p. 83-98; 1991 Mar.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Indonesia; Coconuts; Continuous cropping;
 Intercropping; Profitability; Small farms; Returns; Case
 studies
 
 
 84                                    NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
 Economics returns from yam/maize intercrops with various stake
 densities in a high-rainfall area.
 Ndegwe, N.A.
 London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Apr.
 Tropical agriculture v. 69 (2): p. 171-175; 1992 Apr. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Nigeria; Dioscorea rotundata; Zea mays;
 Intercropping; Production costs; Staking; Yield components
 
 
 85                                 NAL Call. No.: SB327.A1B5
 Ecophysiological observations within the Phaseolus coccineus
 complex. Castellanos, A.E.; Martinez, D.
 Fort Collins, Colo : Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State
 University; 1992. Annual report of the Bean Improvement
 Cooperative v. 35: p. 209-210; 1992. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mexico; Phaseolus coccineus; Zea mays; Plant
 water relations; Crop production; Intercropping
 
 
 86                                  NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82
 Effect of grazing, spraying, and seeding on knapweed in
 British Columbia. Maxwell, J.F.; Drinkwater, R.; Clark, D.;
 Hall, J.W.
 Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 Mar.
 Journal of range management v. 45 (2): p. 180-182; 1992 Mar. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: British Columbia; Centaurea diffusa; Weed
 control; Rangelands; Chemical control; Picloram; Biological
 control; Grazing effects; Cattle; Plant competition; Crop
 mixtures; Medicago sativa; Agropyron cristatum;
 Psathyrostachys juncea; Sown grasslands
 
 Abstract:  The effects of late fall grazing, application of
 picloram (4 amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid),
 and seeding on the reinfestation by knapweed (Centaurea
 diffusa Lam.) were investigated on a knapweed-infested
 grassland range in southern British Columbia. The seeding
 treatments were an unseeded control, crested wheatgrass
 (Agropyron cristatum L.), Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys
 junceus (Fisch.) Nevski)), 'Drylander' alfalfa (Medicago
 sativa L.), and a rangeland seed mix. The spraying treatment
 was applied (0.56 kg a.i. per ha.) to only the unseeded
 control, Russian wildrye, and crested wheatgrass treatments.
 Re-establishment of knapweed and establishment of seeded and
 indigenous species were observed over 4 years. Knapweed cover
 never exceeded 10% on sprayed plots but ranged from 35% to 60%
 on unsprayed plots. Knapweed cover was greater on unsprayed
 grazed plots and re-establishment was more rapid on sprayed
 grazed plots than on ungrazed ones. Seeding produced little
 difference in knapweed cover but crested wheatgrass and
 rangeland mix (which contained crested wheatgrass) had the
 lowest coverage of knapweed on unsprayed plots. Russian
 wildrye did not establish and this failure plus the
 disturbance created by seeding provided ideal conditions for a
 surge of knapweed growth. No differences in knapweed cover
 were detected among seeding treatments on sprayed plots. It is
 concluded that spraying is far more important than seeding for
 controlling knapweed, and grazing pressure must be carefully
 controlled to prolong the effects of treatment.
 
 
 87                                  NAL Call. No.: S451.M9M9
 Effect of harvest management and nurse crop on production of
 five small-seeded legumes.
 Welty, L.E.; Westcott, M.P.; Prestbye, L.S.; Knox, M.L.
 Bozeman, Mont. : The Station; 1991.
 Montana agresearch - Montana Agricultural Experiment Station,
 Montana University v. 8 (1): p. 11-17; 1991.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Montana; Green manures; Trifolium alexandrinum;
 Medicago sativa; Trifolium resupinatum; Companion crops; Avena
 sativa; Harvesting; Management
 
 
 88                                   NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
 Effect of inter-cropping on the incidence of potato tuber
 moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller).
 Lal, L.
 Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1991 Aug.
 Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 36 (3/4): p.
 185-190; 1991 Aug. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Phthorimaea operculella; Solanum tuberosum;
 Intercropping; Larvae; Infestation; Pest management
 
 
 89                                   NAL Call. No.: GB611.A3
 Effect of intercropping patterns of forage cowpeas with two
 types of grain sorghum on growth, yield and quality.
 Abdel Gawad, A.M.; Seif, A.S.; Bashir, M.I.
 Chur, Switzerland : Harwood Academic Publishers; 1991.
 Advances in desert and arid land technology and development v.
 5: p. 407-421; 1991.  In series analytic: Desert Development,
 Part 1: Desert Agriculture, Ecology and Biology / edited by A.
 Bishay and H. Dregne. Proceedings of the Second International
 Desert Development Conference, held Jan 25-31, 1987, Cairo,
 Egypt.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Grain; Sorghum; Vigna unguiculata; Intercropping;
 Growth; Crop yield; Crop quality
 
 
 90                                    NAL Call. No.: S31.T84
 The effect of intercropping sweetpotato and okra on yield
 efficiency. Rhoden, E.G.; Bonsi, C.K.; Khan, V.A.
 Tuskegee, Ala. : Sch. of Agric. & Home Econ., Tuskegee Univ.,
 George Wash. Carver Agric. Exp. Stn; 1991.
 Tuskegee horizons v. 2 (2): p. 27; 1991.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Alabama; Ipomoea batatas; Abelmoschus esculentus;
 Intercropping; Crop yield
 
 
 91                                    NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
 Effect of mixed row cropping of early and late maturing rice
 varieties on crop productivity under intermediate deepwater
 conditions.
 Reddy, M.D.; Sharma, A.R.; Panda, M.M.
 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Jan.
 Experimental agriculture v. 27 (1): p. 79-85; 1991 Jan. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: India; Oryza sativa; Deep water rice; Inbred
 lines; Mixed cropping; Varieties; Yield components; Crop
 yield; Lowland areas
 
 
 92                                    NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
 Effect of mono and mixed culture of tall fescue and birdsfoot
 trefoil on yield and quality.
 Beuselinck, P.R.; Sleper, D.A.; Bughrara, S.S.; Roberts, C.A.
 Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Mar.
 Agronomy journal v. 84 (2): p. 133-137; 1992 Mar.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Festuca arundinacea; Lotus corniculatus;
 Monoculture; Crop mixtures; Cultivars; Habit; Genotype
 mixtures; Mixed cropping; Crop yield; Herbage; Crop quality;
 Fiber content; In vitro digestibility; Crude protein;
 Interspecific competition; Plant competition
 
 Abstract:  Growth habit of grass and legume cultivars may
 affect their competitiveness, yield, and herbage quality in
 grass-legume mixes. The objective of this research was to
 examine herbage yield and quality of mixed cultures of tall
 fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) genotypes and birdsfoot
 trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) cultivars with contrasting
 growth habits. High (HLAER) and low (LLAER) leaf-area-
 expansion-rate tall fescue populations and prostrate ('Dawn')
 and upright ('Viking') birdsfoot trefoil cultivars were used.
 Eight treatments comprising monocultures of the four entries
 (HLAER, LLAER, Dawn, Viking) and 1:1 mixed cultures of each
 possible interspecific combination of the entries were
 transplanted into field plots in June 1983 and harvested at a 3-
  or 6-wk frequency in 1984 and 1985. Mixed cultures were hand-
 separated into tall fescue and birdsfoot trefoil components
 prior to drying. Herbage dry weight (DWT), in vitro dry matter
 digestibility (IVDMD), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent
 fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were measured.
 Mixtures of tall fescue and birdsfoot trefoil were moderately
 compatible regardless of growth form of species. When grown in
 mixed cultures, yield of tall fescue and birdsfoot trefoil was
 reduced by interspecific competition. Growth form of either
 species did not appear to affect DWT of mixed cultures.
 Herbage yield of tall fescue and birdsfoot trefoil was
 influenced by harvest frequency. Yield and quality of tall
 fescue-birdsfoot trefoil mixed cultures can be greater than
 monocultured tall fescue.
 
 
 93                                    NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
 Effect of N and P fertilizer on establishment of alfalfa with
 a wheat companion crop.
 Bittman, S.; Pulkinen, D.A.; Waddington, J.
 Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 Jan.
 Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
 phytotechnie v. 71 (1): p. 105-113; 1991 Jan.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Medicago varia; Crop establishment;
 Growth; Nitrogen fertilizers; Phosphorus fertilizers; Sowing
 date; Crop yield; Companion crops; Triticum aestivum; Seeds;
 Protein content
 
 
 94                                    NAL Call. No.: S79 .E3
 Effect of rate and date of ammonium nitrate application on
 yield of ryegrass. Hovermale, C.H.
 State College, Miss. : Mississippi State University,
 Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, 1970-; 1993 Feb.
 Bulletin (992): 10 p.; 1993 Feb.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lolium; Ammonium nitrate; Application rates;
 Application date; Crop yield; Legumes; Interplanting; Nitrogen
 fixation; Costs; Returns
 
 
 95                                NAL Call. No.: HD1773.A3N6
 Effect of risk preferences on incorporation of double-crop
 soybeans into traditional rotations.
 Harper, J.K.; Williams, J.R.; Burton, R.O. Jr; Kelley, K.W.
 East Lansing, Mich. : Michigan State University; 1991 Jul.
 Review of agricultural economics v. 13 (2): p. 185-200; 1991
 Jul.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Kansas; Soybeans; Wheat; Sorghum; Double
 cropping; Farm management; Risk; Decision making; Innovation
 adoption; Returns; Market prices; Crop yield; Production
 costs; Federal programs; Interest rates; Target prices;
 Mathematical models
 
 Abstract:  Six enterprise combinations, four including a
 double-crop sequence of wheat followed immediately after
 harvest by soybeans, were evaluated for southeastern Kansas
 given the requirements for participation in the government
 commodity program. Stochastic dominance analysis was used to
 select the preferred combination under six different classes
 of risk preferences. A two-year sequence of wheat double-
 cropped with soybeans followed by full-season soybeans was the
 preferred combination for all classes of risk preferences
 analyzed. Sensitivity analysis indicated that if labor,
 machinery, or field time constraints limit the number of acres
 of double-cropped soybeans and/or if farm yields are
 sufficiently less than those included in the data set, results
 would either favor rotations that do not double-crop or those
 that double-crop less than the maximum number of acres each
 year.
 
 
 96                                    NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
 Effect of row arrangement on yield and yield advantages in
 sorghum/finger millet intercrops.
 Ssekabembe, C.K.
 Guildford : Butterworth Scientific; 1991 Jan.
 Tropical agriculture v. 68 (1): p. 19-22; 1991 Jan.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Uganda; Sorghum bicolor; Eleusine coracana; Crop
 yield; Intercrops; Plant density
 
 
 97                                 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
 Effect of ryegrass endophyte in mixed swards of perennial
 ryegrass and white clover under two levels or irrigation and
 pesticide treatment. Lewis, G.C.
 Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications,; 1992 Sep.
 Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
 Grassland Society v. 47 (3): p. 302-305; 1992 Sep.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Uk; Cabt; Grass sward; Lolium perenne; Trifolium
 repens; Mixed pastures; Endophytes; Acremonium; Crop yield;
 Herbage; Irrigation scheduling; Carbosulfan; Insect control
 
 
 98                                 NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
 Effect of ryegrass endophyte in mixed swards of perennial
 ryegrass and white clover under two levels or irrigation and
 pesticide treatment. Lewis, G.C.
 Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications,; 1992 Sep.
 Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
 Grassland Society v. 47 (3): p. 302-305; 1992 Sep.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Uk; Cabt; Grass sward; Lolium perenne; Trifolium
 repens; Mixed pastures; Endophytes; Acremonium; Crop yield;
 Herbage; Irrigation scheduling; Carbosulfan; Insect control
 
 
 99                                 NAL Call. No.: SB197.A1T7
 The effect of seedbed and sowing time on establishment of
 Siratro and Gatton panic into native pasture.
 Lowe, K.F.; Bowdler, T.M.
 St Lucia : Tropical Grassland Society of Australia; 1991 Mar.
 Tropical grasslands v. 25 (1): p. 37-46; 1991 Mar.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Queensland; Macroptilium atropurpureum;
 Oversowing; Natural grasslands; Range pastures; Stand
 establishment; Seedbed preparation; Sowing date; Crop
 mixtures; Panicum maximum; Environmental factors; Rain;
 Seasonal variation; Grassland improvement; Crop yield; Dry
 matter accumulation; Botanical composition
 
 
 100                                NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
 Effect of strip-intercropping corn and soybean on yield and
 profit. West, T.D.; Griffith, D.R.
 Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jan.
 Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (1): p. 107-110; 1992
 Jan.  Paper presented at a symposium on "Ecology and
 Management of Grazing Systems" presented at the annual meeting
 of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,
 January 14-19, 1991, San Francisco, California. Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Indiana; Glycine max; Zea mays; Strip cropping;
 Intercropping; Crop yield; Profitability; Crop management
 
 
 101                                NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
 The effect of suppression treatments on the uptake of 15N by
 intercropped corn from labeled alfalfa (Medicago sativa).
 Jordan, D.; Rice, C.W.; Tiedje, J.M.
 Berlin ; a Secaucus, N.J. : Springer International, 1985-;
 1993. Biology and fertility of soils v. 16 (3): p. 221-226;
 1993.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Crop management; Cutting;
 Glyphosate; Intercropping; Zea mays; Isotope labeling;
 Nitrogen; Nitrogen cycle; Nutrient uptake
 
 
 102                                NAL Call. No.: SB327.A1B5
 The effect of varied crop proportions and soil N-levels in a
 maize/bean intercrop: growth morphological changes.
 Ugen, M.A.; Wien, H.C.
 Fort Collins, Colo : Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State
 University; 1993. Annual report of the Bean Improvement
 Cooperative v. 36: p. 105-106; 1993.  In the series analytic:
 Annual report of the bean improvement cooperative. Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Maize; Phaseolus vulgaris; Intercrops; Nitrogen;
 Application rates; Crop yield; Morphology
 
 
 103                                NAL Call. No.: SB327.A1B5
 The effect of varied crop proportions and soil N-levels in a
 maize/bean intercrop:insect pest damage on beans.
 Ugen, M.A.; Wien, H.C.
 Fort Collins, Colo : Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State
 University; 1993. Annual report of the Bean Improvement
 Cooperative v. 36: p. 126-127; 1993.  In the series analytic:
 Annual report of the bean improvement cooperative. Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Phaseolus vulgaris; Maize; Intercrops; Popillia
 japonica; Epilachna varivestis; Crop damage
 
 
 104                                  NAL Call. No.: SB13.I53
 The effect of water stress on nitrogen absorption of soybean.
 Masyhudi, M.F.; Patterson, R.P.
 Jakarta, Indonesia : Agency for Agricultural Research and
 Development, Ministry of Agriculture; 1991 Jul.
 Indonesian journal of crop science v. 6 (2): p. 43-63; 1991
 Jul.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: North Carolina; Glycine max; Water stress; Crop
 growth stage; Sexual reproduction; Crop yield; Seeds;
 Symbiosis; Nitrogen fixation; Nitrogen fertilizers;
 Application rates; Water deficit; Nutrient uptake; Nitrogen;
 Dry matter accumulation; Root nodules; Planting date; Double
 cropping
 
 
 105                                  NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
 Effects of aldicarb, Datura stramonium, Datura metel and
 Tagetes minuta on the pathogenicity of root-knot nematodes in
 Kenya.
 Odour-Owino, P.
 Oxford : Butterworths-Heinemann Ltd; 1993 Jun.
 Crop protection v. 12 (4): p. 315-317; 1993 Jun.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Kenya; Cabt; Lycopersicon esculentum; Meloidogyne
 javanica; Pathogenicity; Galls; Aldicarb; Soil treatment;
 Datura stramonium; Datura metel; Tagetes minuta; Mixed
 cropping; Growth; Crop yield; Greenhouse culture; Field tests;
 Integrated pest management; Nematicidal plants; Nematode
 control
 
 
 106                                  NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
 Effects of cassava-based cropping systems on physico-chemical
 properties of soil and earthworm casts in a tropical Alfisol.
 Hulugalle, N.R.; Ezumah, H.C.
 Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1991 Mar.
 Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 35 (1): p. 55-63;
 1991 Mar. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Nigeria; Manihot esculenta; Intercropping;
 Rotations; Soil chemistry; Soil physical properties; Tropical
 soils; Worm casts; Alfisols
 
 
 107                                NAL Call. No.: 442.8 An72
 Effects of cereal borders, admixture with cereals and plant
 density on the spread of bean yellow mosaic potyvirus into
 narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius).
 Jones, R.A.
 Warwick : Association of Applied Biologists; 1993 Jun.
 Annals of applied biology v. 122 (3): p. 501-518; 1993 Jun. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lupinus angustifolius; Bean yellow mosaic
 potyvirus; Spread; Cultural control; Mixed cropping; Crop
 density; Border effects; Myzus persicae; Acyrthosiphon kondoi;
 Disease vectors
 
 
 108                                NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
 The effects of contrasting cutting regimes on the components
 of clover and grass growth in microswards.
 Grant, S.A.; Barthram, G.T.
 Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Mar.
 Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
 Grassland Society v. 46 (1): p. 1-13; 1991 Mar.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Scotland; Trifolium repens; Lolium perenne; Crop
 mixtures; Cutting height; Cutting frequency; Growth rate;
 Stand density; Tillering; Responses; Grazing intensity;
 Simulation; Defoliation; Shading; Effects
 
 
 109                                 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
 The effects of crop combination and row arrangement in the
 intercropping of lettuce, favabean and pea on weed biomass and
 diversity and on crop yields. Sharaiha, R.; Gliessman, S.
 Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1992.
 Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
 journal v. 9 (1): p. 1-13; 1992.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Lactuca sativa; Pisum sativum; Vicia
 faba; Intercrops; Intercropping; Organic farming; Weed
 control; Crop weed competition; Species diversity; Biomass;
 Crop yield
 
 
 110                                NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
 Effects of cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea
 Schreb.) on the batanical composition of mixed swards.
 Sugiyama, S.; Nakashima, H.
 Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Dec.
 Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
 Grassland Society v. 46 (4): p. 365-373; 1991 Dec.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Festuca arundinacea; Cultivars; Mixed pastures;
 Dactylis glomerata; Trifolium repens; Botanical composition;
 Competitive ability; Plant competition; Interspecific
 competition; Crop yield; Herbage; Yield components; Soil
 fertility
 
 
 111                                NAL Call. No.: SB327.A1B5
 Effects of distance of bean rows from maize rows on yield of
 both crops grown in association.
 Mmbaga, M.E.T.; Edje, O.T.
 Fort Collins, Colo : Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State
 University; 1992. Annual report of the Bean Improvement
 Cooperative v. 35: p. 173-174; 1992. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Tanzania; Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays; Crop
 production; Crop yield; Row spacing; Intercropping
 
 
 112                                 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
 Effects of intercropping groundnut with sunhemp on termite
 incidence and damage in India.
 Gold, C.S.; Wightman, J.A.
 Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1991 Jun.
 Insect science and its application v. 12 (1/3): p. 177-182;
 1991 Jun. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: India; Arachis hypogaea; Crop damage;
 Microtermes; Odontotermes; Incidence; Insect control;
 Intercropping; Crotalaria juncea
 
 Abstract:  The effects of intercropping groundnut with
 sunnhemp on termite incidence and damage were studied in the
 rainy and post-rainy season at ICRISAT Center in central
 India. Termite incidence in different cropping systems was
 determined by baiting with bamboo stakes. Damage to groundnut
 plants and pods was evaluated at harvest. Intercropping
 groundnut with sunnhemp did not affect termite abundance or
 damage to groundnut. These results contrast with a Colombian
 intercropping study in which sunnhemp exudates repelled
 cassava burrowing bugs. Termite biology, including recruitment
 of foragers and construction of protected runways, may have
 reduced exposure to sunnhemp, thereby minimizing effects.
 
 
 113                                 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
 Effects of intercropping sorghum-cowpea on natural enemies of
 the sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata (Diptera:Muscidae),
 in Burkina Faso. Zongo, J.O.; Vincent, C.; Stewart, R.K.
 Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1993.
 Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
 journal v. 9 (3): p. 201-213; 1993.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Burkina faso; Sorghum bicolor; Vigna unguiculata;
 Intercropping; Atherigona soccata; Natural enemies;
 Parasitoids; Biological control agents; Biological control
 
 
 114                                NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Effects of intercropping with maize on the incidence and
 damage caused by pod borers of common beans.
 Karel, A.K.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993 Oct.
 Environmental entomology v. 22 (5): p. 1076-1083; 1993 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Tanzania; Cabt; Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays;
 Maruca testulalis; Helicoverpa armigera; Intercropping;
 Population density; Insect control; Crop yield
 
 Abstract:  Effects of intercropping common bean, Phaseolus
 vulgaris L., with maize, Zea mays L., at four plant
 populations on the pod borers Maruca testulalis Geyer and
 Heliothis armigera Hubner on common bean were studied. The
 incidence of M. testulalis and H. armigera larvae was
 significantly (P < 0.05) lower in intercropped and higher
 plant populations than in pure stands and lower plant
 populations of common bean; larval populations of M.
 testulalis increased 45-59 d after planting, followed by a
 decrease up to 66 d after planting. Percentages of damage to
 flowers and pods by larvae of the two pod borer species were
 significantly (P < 0.05) lower in an intercrop combination of
 one-third bean-two-thirds maize (BMM) than in pure bean (BBB).
 Flower and pod damage decreased when plant populations
 increased from 66,666 to 1,333,333 plants per ha. The
 relationship of intercrop combinations and individual plant
 populations to incidence and damage by pod borer larvae was
 established by exponential and power regression models. Seed
 yields of intercrop combinations of BBM and BMM were higher
 than those of the two crops when grown in monoculture at
 133,333 and 266,666 plants per ha. "Relative yield total" thus
 indicated yield advantages of 16-29% for plant populations of
 133,333 plants per ha in both BBM and BMM intercrop
 combinations, which was associated with lower incidence and
 damage by pod borer species. Intercropping beans with maize
 was considered useful as a cultural method for controlling pod
 borers on common beans and for higher seed yield of the two
 crops.
 
 
 115                                   NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
 Effects of intercropping young plants of the compact arabica
 coffee hybrid cultivar Ruiru 11 with potatoes, tomatoes, beans
 and maize on coffee yields and economic returns in Kenya.
 Njoroge, J.M.; Waithaka, K.; Chweya, J.A.
 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1993 Jul.
 Experimental agriculture v. 29 (3): p. 373-377; 1993 Jul. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Kenya; Coffea arabica; Hybrid varieties;
 Intercropping; Crop yield; Economic analysis; Lycopersicon
 esculentum; Phaseolus vulgaris; Solanum tuberosum; Zea mays
 
 
 116                                NAL Call. No.: SB123.P535
 Effects of interspecific competition on the inheritance of
 quantitative traits in white clover.
 Hill, J.
 Berlin, W. Ger. : Paul Parey; 1993 Apr.
 Plant breeding; Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenzuchtung v. 110 (3):
 p. 212-219; 1993 Apr.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Trifolium repens; Lolium perenne; Inheritance;
 Quantitative traits; Plant competition; Cultivars; Plant
 height; Dry matter accumulation; Epistasis; Mixed cropping
 
 
 117                                  NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
 Effects of leaf removal and intercropping on the incidence and
 severity of black Sigatoka disease at the establisment phase
 of plantains (Musa spp. AAB). Emebiri, L.C.; Obiefuna, J.C.
 Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 Apr.
 Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 39 (3/4): p.
 213-219; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Nigeria; Musa; Mycosphaerella fijiensis;
 Defoliation; Intercropping; Monoculture; Manihot esculenta;
 Crop density; Plant disease control; Cultural control; Fungus
 control; Disease transmission; Leaf age
 
 
 118                                NAL Call. No.: SB327.A1B5
 Effects of maize planting pattern on maize and bean
 productivity in an intercrop.
 Mmbaga, M.E.T.; Edje, O.T.
 Fort Collins, Colo : Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State
 University; 1992. Annual report of the Bean Improvement
 Cooperative v. 35: p. 171-172; 1992. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Tanzania; Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays; Crop
 production; Crop density; Crop yield; Intercropping
 
 
 119                                 NAL Call. No.: 100 AR42F
 Effects of management on the water use and yield of double-
 cropping wheat and soybeans.
 Daniels, M.B.; Scott, H.D.
 Fayetteville, Ark. : The Station; 1991 Jul.
 Arkansas farm research - Arkansas Agricultural Experiment
 Station v. 40 (4): p. 3-4; 1991 Jul.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Arkansas; Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; Double
 cropping; Irrigated farming; Water use; Yield response
 functions
 
 
 120                                   NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer, cutting frequency, and
 companion legume on herbage production and quality of four
 grasses.
 Fairey, N.A.
 Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 Jul.
 Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
 phytotechnie v. 71 (3): p. 717-725; 1991 Jul.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Alberta; Bromus inermis; Bromus biebersteinii;
 Phleum pratense; Alopecurus pratensis; Medicago sativa;
 Trifolium hybridum; Lotus corniculatus; Grassland management;
 Crop yield; Nitrogen fertilizers; Cutting frequency; Companion
 crops; Herbage; Grazing effects
 
 
 121                                   NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
 Effects of nitrogen supply and spatial arrangement on the
 grain yield of a maize/soybean intercrop in a humid
 subtropical climate.
 Clement, A.; Chalifour, F.P.; Bharati, M.P.; Gendron, G.
 Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Jan.
 Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
 phytotechnie v. 72 (1): p. 57-67; 1992 Jan.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Nepal; Zea mays; Glycine max; Crop production;
 Crop yield; Nitrogen fertilizers; Intercropping; Subtropics;
 Plant density; Row spacing; Nitrogen fixation; Nodulation
 
 
 122                                 NAL Call. No.: S631.F422
 Effects of nitrogen supply on cassava/pigeonpea intercropping
 with three contrasting cassava cultivars.
 Cenpukdee, U.; Fukai, S.
 Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991 Sep.
 Fertilizer research : an international journal on fertilizer
 use and technology v. 29 (3): p. 275-280; 1991 Sep.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Australia; Manihot esculenta; Cultivars; Cajanus
 cajan; Intercropping; Continuous cropping; Urea; Application
 rates; Interspecific competition; Varietal reactions; Canopy;
 Width; Plant height; Growth; Crop yield; Tubers; Seeds; Dry
 matter accumulation
 
 Abstract:  Three cassava cultivars of contrasting canopy size
 were grown as a sole crop and in intercropping with pigeonpea
 under two N supply levels to examine whether the effect of N
 fertilizer was different in sole crop cassava and in
 intercropping, and whether it depended on the canopy type of
 cassava cultivar. Application of N promoted plant height and
 canopy width of cassava in both cropping systems, and this
 resulted in increased competitiveness of cassava in
 intercropping. However, when the most vigorous cassava
 cultivar was used in intercropping, N supply caused excessive
 top growth with no increase in tuber yield. The yield of
 pigeonpea on the other hand was always reduced with N supply
 in intercropping with any cassava cultivar.
 
 
 123                                NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Effects of plant populations and intercropping on the
 population patterns of bean flies on common beans.
 Karel, A.K.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Feb.
 Environmental entomology v. 20 (1): p. 354-357; 1991 Feb. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Tanzania; Phaseolus vulgaris; Zea mays;
 Intercropping; Crop density; Ophiomyia phaseoli; Ophiomyia
 centrosematis; Melanagromyza; Population dynamics
 
 Abstract:  Effects of four plant populations and intercropping
 beans with maize on the population patterns of bean flies
 (Ophiomyia phaseoli Tryon, O. centrosematis de Meijere, and
 Melanagromyza spencerella Greathead) on common beans were
 studied. Percentage of plants infested by bean Dies was
 significantly less in the one-third beans and two-thirds maize
 intercrop combination than in pure stand beans. The incidence
 of bean flies decreased with increasing plant populations from
 66,666 to 533,332 plants per ha. Ovipunctures made by bean
 flies in the leaves of beans were not significantly different
 among the various treatments. A significant and gradual
 decrease in the number of ovipunctures from lower to higher
 plant populations was recorded. The bean fly larva-pupal
 counts were significantly lower in both intercrop combinations
 than in pure stand beans; larval-pupal counts were
 significantly lower in higher plant populations in 1983
 season. Possible reasons for population patterns of bean flies
 are discussed.
 
 
 124                                   NAL Call. No.: 10 J822
 Effects of shifting and continuous cultivation of cassava
 (Manihot esculenta) intercropped with maize (Zea mays) on a
 forest alfisol in south-western Nigeria.
 Aweto, A.O.; Ayanniyi, O.O.
 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Apr.
 The Journal of agricultural science v. 118 (pt.2): p. 195-198;
 1992 Apr. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Nigeria; Manihot esculenta; Shifting cultivation;
 Continuous cropping; Intercropping; Zea mays; Forest soils;
 Alfisols; Fertilizer requirement determination
 
 
 125                               NAL Call. No.: aSB205.S7S6
 Effects of some growth regulators on double-cropped soybean
 production. Arioglu, H.
 Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1991.
 Soybean genetics newsletter - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
 Agricultural Research Service v. 18: p. 165-168; 1991. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Turkey; Glycine; Crop production; Double
 cropping; Yield components
 
 
 126                                   NAL Call. No.: 10 J822
 Effects of sowing a companion grass (Lolium perenne),
 application of grass suppressant and choice of clover variety
 on the growth and seed production potential of white clover.
 Wilman, D.; Fisher, A.; Marshall, A.H.
 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Aug.
 The Journal of agricultural science v. 117 (pt.1): p. 47-56;
 1991 Aug. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Trifolium repens; Cultivars; Growth; Growth
 inhibitors; Production possibilities; Seed production; Yield
 components; Interplanting; Lolium perenne
 
 
 127                                NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
 Effects of strip intercropping and no-tillage on some pest and
 beneficial invertebrates of corn in Ohio.
 Tonhasca, A. Jr; Stinner, B.R.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Oct.
 Environmental entomology v. 20 (5): p. 1251-1258; 1991 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ohio; Zea mays; Agrotis ipsilon; Mythimna
 unipuncta; Slugs; Diabrotica virgifera; Ostrinia nubilalis;
 Intercropping; No-tillage; Predators of insect pests;
 Biological control agents
 
 Abstract:  We tested two agronomic practices that are likely
 to increase plant and structural diversity, no-tillage and
 strip intercropping, for effects on corn invertebrate fauna.
 Some of the most common herbivores and natural enemies were
 sampled by direct counts and damage estimation from 1988
 through 1990 on monoculture corn and strips of corn alternated
 with soybean, under no-tillage and conventional tillage. Among
 soil pests, cut-worms (mostly the black cutworm, Agrotis
 ipsilon (Hufnagel)); armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta
 (Haworth); and slugs (Gastropoda) were more abundant in no-
 tillage plots, although only slugs caused severe damage. The
 western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte,
 and the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubitalis (Hubner), were
 generally more abundant in conventional tillage plots. Despite
 crop rotation, the strip-intercropping system (four rows of
 each crop) was less effective in reducing western corn
 rootworm infestation, especially in conventional tillage
 plots. In 1990 only, ladybugs (mostly Coleomegilla maculata
 (DeGeer)) were more abundant in conventional tillage plots,
 whereas tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de
 Beauvois), were more abundant in no-tillage plots. Japanese
 beetle, Popillia japonica Newman; stink bugs, Acrosternum
 hilare (Say) and Euschistus serous (Say); and spiders (Aranea)
 were not significantly affected by treatments.
 
 
 128                        NAL Call. No.: FULD1780 1991.K881
 Effects of stylosanthes interplanting on millet grain yield,
 herbage yield, water use efficiency, and yields of subsequent
 millet crop.
 Kouame, Christophe N.,
 1991; 1991.
 xi, 119 leaves ; 29 cm.  Typescript.  Vita.  Includes
 bibliographical references (leaves 109-117).
 
 Language:  English; English
 
 Descriptors: Intercropping; Stylosanthes; Millet
 
 
 129                                NAL Call. No.: 60.19 B773
 The effects of sward height and nitrogen fertilizer
 application on changes in sward composition, white clover
 growth and the stock capacity of an upland perennial
 ryegrass/white clover sward grazed by sheep for four years.
 Barthram, G.T.; Grant, S.A.; Elston, D.A.
 Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications,; 1992 Dec.
 Grass and forage science : the journal of the British
 Grassland Society v. 47 (4): p. 326-341; 1992 Dec.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Scotland; Cabt; Mixed pastures; Lolium perenne;
 Trifolium repens; Plant height; Nitrogen fertilizers;
 Application rates; Botanical composition; Stand density;
 Temperature; Rain; Growth rate; Branching; Sheep; Stocking
 rate; Liveweight gain; Grazing effects; Statistical analysis
 
 
 130                                  NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P
 Effects of tillage, row width, and cultivar on foliar diseases
 of double-crop soybean.
 Wrather, J.A.; Anderson, S.H.; Wollenhaupt, N.C.; Anand, S.C.;
 Kendig, S.R. St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological
 Society; 1993 Nov. Plant Disease v. 77 (11): p. 1151-1152;
 1993 Nov.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Septoria; Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea;
 Plant diseases; Foliage; Glycine max; Cultivars; Double
 cropping; Tillage; Row spacing; Genotype environment
 interaction; Disease resistance
 
 
 131                                 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
 Effects of tree legumes in hedgerows on soil fertility changes
 and crop performance in the semi-arid highlands of Rwanda.
 Balasubramanian, V.; Sekayange, L.
 Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1991.
 Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
 journal v. 8 (1): p. 17-32; 1991.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Rwanda; Calliandra calothyrsus; Cassia
 spectabilis; Leucaena diversifolia; Leucaena leucocephala;
 Sesbania sesban; Hedgerow plants; Alley cropping; Phaseolus
 vulgaris; Sorghum bicolor; Zea mays; Ipomoea batatas;
 Continuous cropping; Intercropping; Productivity; Crop yield;
 Soil fertility; Interspecific competition; Highlands; Semiarid
 climate; Acid soils; Biomass production; Growth; Pruning;
 Mulches; Biomass; Incorporation; Soil organic matt