TITLE: Allelopathy: The Effects of Chemicals Produced by
Plants
PUBLICATION DATE: September 1994
ENTRY DATE: April 1995
EXPIRATION DATE:
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ISSN: 1052-5378
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Allelopathy: The Effects of Chemicals Produced by Plants
January 1990 - March 1994
QB 94-56
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Allelopathy: The Effects of Chemicals Produced by Plants
January 1990 - March 1994
Quick Bibliography Series: QB 94-56
Updates QB 92-50
244 citations from AGRICOLA
Henry Gilbert
Reference and User Services Branch
September 1994
National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
Gilbert, Henry
Allelopathy : the effects of chemicals produced by plants:
1990 - March 1994.
(Quick bibliography series ; 94-56)
1. Allelopathy--Bibliography. I. Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.94-56
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Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA
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SAMPLE CITATIONS
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appears below.
JOURNAL ARTICLE:
Citation # NAL Call No.
Article title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher. Journal Title.
Date. Volume (Issue). Pages. (NAL Call Number).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8.SCH6
Morrison, S.B. Denver, Colo.: American School Food Service
Association. School foodservice journal. Sept 1987. v. 41
(8). p.48-50. ill.
BOOK:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date. Information
on pagination, indices, or bibliographies.
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL RM218.K36 1987
Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
Kane, June Kozak. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.
Includes index. xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm. Bibliography:
p. 126.
AUDIOVISUAL:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date.
Supplemental information such as funding. Media format
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1 NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV
All aboard the nutri-train.
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Allelopathy: The Effects of Chemicals Produced by Plants
SEARCH STRATEGY
SET DESCRIPTION
S1 ALLELOPATHY?/TI,DE
S2 ALLELOCHEM?/TI,DE
S3 ALLELOPATH?/TI,DE OR ALLELOCHEM?/TI,DE
S4 S3 AND S4
Allelopathy: The Effects of Chemicals Produced by Plants
1 NAL Call. No.: 450 P5622
(20S)-4 alpha-methyl-24-methylenecholest-7-en-3 beta-ol, an
allelopathic sterol from Typha latifolia.
Della Greca, M.; Mangoni, L.; Molinaro, A.; Monaco, P.;
Previtera, L. Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1990.
Phytochemistry v. 29 (6): p. 1797-1798; 1990. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Typha latifolia; Anabaena flos-aquae; Chlorella
vulgaris; Aquatic weeds; Weed control; Allelopathy; Chemical
constituents of plants; Sterols
2 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
2,2'-oxo-1,1'-azobenzene: a microbially transformed
allelochemical from 2,3-benzoxazolinone. I.
Nair, M.G.; Whitenack, C.J.; Putnam, A.R.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Feb.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (2): p. 353-364; 1990 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil analysis; Pesticide residues; Metabolites;
Herbicides; Azo compounds; Allelopathy; Secale cereale
Abstract: 2,2'-Oxo- 1,1'-azobenzene (AZOB), a compound with
strong herbicidal activity, was isolated and characterized
from a soil supplemented with 2,3-benzoxazolinone (BOA). A
parallel experiment with
6-methoxy-2,3-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) yielded AZOB as well as
its mono- (MAZOB) and dimethoxy- (DIMAZOB) derivatives. These
compounds were produced only in the presence of soil
microorganisms, via possible intermediates, I and II, which
may dimerize or react with the parent molecule to form the
final products. In the case of MBOA, it was shown that
demethoxylation precedes the oxidation step. Although BOA and
2,4-dihydroxy-1,4(2H)-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA) were leached
out of rye residues, there were no detectable amounts of the
biotransformation products in the soil. When BOA was mixed
with soil and rye residue, either under field conditions or in
vitro, AZOB was detected. Levels of free BOA in the soil were
greatly reduced by incubation with rye residue. AZOB was more
toxic to curly cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and barnyardgrass
(Echinochloa crusgalli L.) than either DIBOA or BOA.
3 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
2,2'-oxo-1,1'-azobenzene: microbial transformation of rye
(Secale cereale L.) allelochemical in field soils by
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. III. Chase, W.R.; Nair, M.G.;
Putnam, A.R.; Mishra, S.K.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Aug.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (8): p. 1575-1584; 1991 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Secale cereale; Plant composition;
Allelochemicals; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus; Allelopathy;
Microbial activities
Abstract: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, a gram-negative
bacterium isolated from field soil, was found to be
responsible for the biotransformation of 2(3H)-benzoxazolinone
(BOA) to 2,2'-oxo-1,1'-azobenzene (AZOB). Experiments were
conducted to evaluate the transformation of BOA to AZOB by
this microbe in sterile and nonsterile soil. Transformation
studies with soils inoculated with A. calcoaceticus indicated
that the production of AZOB increased linearly with the
concentration of BOA in sterile soil and showed a quadratic
trend in nonsterile soils. This also indicated that all soil
types studied for the transformation experiments might contain
A. calcoaceticus capable of the conversion of
benzoxazolinones.
4 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
2,2'-oxo-1,1'-azobenzene: selective toxicity of rye (Secale
cereale L.) allelochemicals to weed and crop species. II.
Chase, W.R.; Nair, M.G.; Putnam, A.R.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Jan.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (1): p. 9-19; 1991 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Secale cereale; Plant composition;
Allelochemicals; Toxicity; Bioassays; Lepidium sativum;
Cucumis sativus; Phaseolus vulgaris; Synergism; Antagonism;
Weed control
Abstract: Three allelochemicals from rye or its breakdown
products were evaluated for activity on garden cress (Lepidum
sativum L.), barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.)
Beauv.], cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and snap bean
(Phaseolus vulgaris L.). 2,4-Dihydroxy-1,4(2H)-benzoxazin-3-
one (DIBOA), 2(3H)-benzoxazolinone (BOA), and 2,2'-oxo-1,1'-
azobenzene (AZOB) were all applied singly at 50, 100, and 200
ppm and in two- and three-way combinations each at 50 and 100
ppm. AZOB at 100 and 200 ppm produced 38-49% more inhibition
than DIBOA, while combinations of BOA/DIBOA, which contained
AZOB at 100 ppm had 54-90% more inhibition when compared to
DIBOA/BOA combinations. All combinations were slightly
antagonistic to barnyardgrass, while several combinations
caused a synergistic response to garden cress germination and
growth. Cucumbers and snap beans exhibited both types of
responses, depending on the allelochemical combination and
application rate. The plant-produced benzoxazinones were more
inhibitory to crops than weeds. Therefore, improved herbicidal
selectivity would be expected if there were rapid
transformation of the benzoxazinones to the microbially
produced AZOB.
5 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
6,10,14-Trimethylpentadecan-2-one: a Bermuda grass
phagostimulant to fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
Mohamed, M.A.; Quisenberry, S.S.; Moellenbeck, D.J.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1992 Apr.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 18 (4): p. 673-682; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Spodoptera frugiperda; Cultivars; Cynodon
dactylon; Allelopathy; Feeding behavior; Plant composition;
Isoprenoids; Ketones; Bioassays; Phagostimulants; Insect
control
Abstract: A phagostimulant, 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one
(phytone), was isolated and identified from Bermuda grass,
Cynodon dactylon (L.). The phagostimulant activity of this
isoprenoid ketone was established from bioassays of fall
armyworm larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Larvae
displayed increased body mass accumulation as well as
preference to diet supplemented with this molecule. Neonate
larvae fed diet supplemented with chromatographic isolates of
phytone-containing fractions from six Bermuda grass cultivars
showed a 10-40% increase in body mass accumulation as compared
with controls. This variation in larval body mass accumulation
seems attributable to a differential concentration of phytone
in the cultivars, which ranged from 0.5 to 43 ppm.
Additionally, first-instar larvae responded preferentially to
diet pellets topically treated with phytone in concentrations
as low as 0.1 ppm.
6 NAL Call. No.: 450 R11
The action of steroidal alkaloids on the ground meristem
tissue of the root axis of lettuce seedlings.
Ghazi, M.; Myers, G.A.
Oxford : Pergamon Journals; 1990 Apr.
Environmental and experimental botany v. 30 (2): p. 235-242.
ill; 1990 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Solanaceae; Weeds; Lactuca sativa; Phytotoxicity;
Alkaloids; Solanine; Necroses (plant); Histopathology; Roots;
Growth rate; Root meristems; Allelopathy
7 NAL Call. No.: QD241.K453
Alanto- and isoalantolactones.
Milman, I.A.
New York, N.Y. : Consultants Bureau; 1990 Nov.
Chemistry of natural compounds v. 26 (3): p. 251-262; 1990
Nov. Translated from: Khimiia Prirodnykh Soedinenii, v. 26
(3), 1990, p. 307-320. (QD241.K45). Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English; Russian
Descriptors: U.S.S.R.; Sesquiterpenoid lactones; Plant
composition; Isolation; Inula; Physicochemical properties;
Allelopathy
8 NAL Call. No.: QK938.F6C32
Alelopatia v lesnych ekosystemoch [Allelopathy in forest
ecosystems]. Caboun, Vladimir
Bratislava : VEDA, vydavatel'stvo Slovenskej akademie vied,
1990; 1990. 118 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (Biologicke prace).
Summaries in Russian and English. Includes bibliographical
references (p. 99-109).
Language: Slovak
Descriptors: Forest ecology; Allelopathy
9 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Allelochemical content of selected popcorn silks: effects on
growth of corn earworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
Wiseman, B.R.; Snook, M.E.; Wilson, R.L.; Isenhour, D.J.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Dec.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (6): p. 2500-2504; 1992
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Tassels; Allelochemicals; Antibodies;
Pest resistance; Helicoverpa zea; Larvae; Growth; Weight
Abstract: Silks of popcorn, zea mays L., in the Eldredge
collection were evaluated for effects on growth of larvae of
the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and assayed for
content of maysin, chlorogenic acid, apimaysin, and 3'-
methoxymaysin. The weights of 9-d-old larvae ranged from 8 mg
on "PI340856" to 952 mg on "PI340855". Silks from about one-
third of the popcorn collection produced corn earworm larvae
equal to or smaller than larvae that fed on silks of the
resistant standard, "Zapalote Chico". Content of maysin, a
luteolin-C-glycoside, ranged from zero for eighteen PIs to
1.128% for "PI340856". Significant negative correlations were
found between contents of all four allelochemicals assayed and
larval weights. Silks of "PI340853" had no detectable levels
of any of the allelochemicals assayed, yet they produced
larvae with an average weight of only 37 mg. Silks of several
introductions had higher concentrations of chlorogenic acid,
apimaysin, and 3'-methoxymaysin than silks of "Zapalote
Chico".
10 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
An allelochemical elicits arrestment in Apanteles kariyai in
feces of nonhost larvae Acantholeucania loreyi.
Takabayashi, J.; Takahashi, S.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Jun.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (6): p. 2009-2017; 1990 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Apanteles; Noctuidae; Mythimna separata;
Allelochemicals; Oviposition; Interactions; Insect control;
Biological control
Abstract: Females of the larval parasitoid Apanteles kariyai
(Watanabe) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are arrested on fecal
pellets of Acantholeucania loreyi (Duponchel) (Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae) larvae. Upon subsequent antennal contact with an A.
loreyi larva, females sting it with their ovipositor. However,
such stinging did not result in any offspring. The
allelochemical involved in feces has been identified and is
identical to a kairomone of the host Pseudaletia separata
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In contrast to A. loreyi, P.
separata is a suitable host for A. kariyai, and oviposition in
P. separata results in offspring production. The
allelochemical mediating the interaction between A. loreyi and
A. kariyai is discussed in the context of current
allelochemical terminology.
11 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Allelochemical regulation of reproduction and seed germination
of two Brazilian Baccharis species by phytotoxic
trichothecenes. Kuti, J.O.; Jarvis, B.B.; Mokhtari-Rejali, N.;
Bean, G.A. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Dec.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (12): p. 3441-3453; 1990
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Baccharis cordifolia; Baccharis megapotamica;
Allelopathy; Plant composition; Phytotoxins; Seed germination;
Trichothecenes; Pollination; Allelochemicals
Abstract: The potent phytotoxic trichothecene roridins and
baccharinoids occur naturally in the Brazilian plants,
Baccharis coridifolia and B. megapotamica. Biosynthesis of
roridins in B. coridifolia appears to be linked to
pollination, and the phytotoxins then accumulate in the seed.
The roles of the phytotoxins in pollination, seed maturation,
and germination of the Baccharis species were investigated.
The high production of roridins occurred only in seeds
resulting from intraspecific pollination, and the
concentration of the toxins in the seeds generally increased
with seed maturity. Removal of seed coats from trichothecene-
producing Brazilian Baccharis species (B. coridifolia and B.
megapotamica) and non-trichothecene-producing American
Baccharis species (B. halimifolia and B. glutinosa) resulted
in improved seed germination of B. halimifolia and B.
glutinosa but complete inhibition of seed germination of B.
coridifolia and B. megapotamica. Addition of seed coat
extracts of the Brazilian Baccharis species of dilute
solutions (10(-6) micrograms/ml) of roridins or baccharinoids
to the decoated seeds of B. coridifolia and B. megapotamica
resulted in germination, while seeds of B. halimifolia and B.
glutinosa were killed by the phytotoxins. Roridins interacted
with gibberellic acid, a germination promoter, but not with
abscisic acid, a germination inhibitor. The results from this
study suggest that macrocyclic tricothecenes have a regulatory
role(s) on reproduction and germination of Brazilian Baccharis
species in their natural habitat.
12 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Allelochemicals from Polygonum sachalinense Fr. Schm.
(Polygonaceae). Inoue, M.; Nishimura, H.; Li, H.H.; Mizutani,
J.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Publishing Corporation; 1992 Oct.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 18 (10): p. 1833-1840; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Root exudates; Plant composition; Anthraquinones;
Allelopathy; Allelochemicals; Bioassays; Growth; Inhibition;
Seedlings; Weed control
Abstract: The root exudates from Polygonum sachalinense in a
recirculating system significantly inhibited lettuce seedling
growth. The rhizomes and roots of P. sachalinense were
extracted with 80% acetone. Bioassay of the neutral-acidic
fraction on the TLC agar plate showed the inhibitory activity
corresponded to the two yellow pigment bands. Two orange
needles were isolated and identified as anthraquinone
compounds: emodin and physcion. Both compounds exhibited
inhibitory activities against the seedling growth of several
testing plant species. Glucosides were isolated from P.
sachalinense and were identified as emodin-1-O-beta-D-
glucoside and physcion-1-O-beta-D-glucoside, respectively. On
plant growth bioassay, these glucosides showed no phytotoxic
activity against lettuce seedlings. The concentrations of
emodin, physcion, and their glucosides from rhizome with
roots, aerial parts, fallen leaves, and soil were determined.
The rhizome with roots and fallen leaves contained emodin and
physcion at relatively high concentrations. Emodin also occurs
in the soil of this plant community with effective
concentrations in the fall. The results indicate that these
anthraquinones are responsible for the observed interference
and are potent allelopathic substances.
13 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Allelochemicals in foliage of unfavored tree hosts of the
gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. 1. Alkaloids and other
components of Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae), Acer
rubrum L. (Aceraceae), and Cornus florida L. (Cornaceae).
Barbosa, P.; Gross, P.; Provan, G.J.; Pacheco, D.Y.; Stermitz,
F.R. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 May.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (5): p. 1719-1730; 1990 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lymantria dispar; Antifeedants; Liriodendron
tulipifera; Acer rubrum; Cornus florida; Leaves; Plant
composition; Alkaloids; Sesquiterpenoid lactones
Abstract: Early theories on plant chemical defense against
herbivory emphasized that apparent and unapparent plants were
primarily defended by different types of compounds. More and
more evidence suggests that both quantitative and qualitative
defenses are found in apparent plants and that they can play a
defensive role against herbivores. A survey of the literature
on the gypsy moth suggests not only that there is a large
variety of qualitative compounds, as well as the expected
quantitative ones, but that unfavored hosts of the gypsy moth
are associated with the presence of alkaloids. Foliage of
three tree species, Liriodendron tulipifera L., Acer rubrum
L., and Cornus florida L., was examined to confirm the
presence of alkaloids and other major secondary metabolites.
The known sesquiterpene lactone, lipiferolide, and the sugar
derivative, liriodendritol, were components of L. tulipifera
leaves, along with a bisphenylpropanoid previously found only
in nutmeg. Alkaloid content [i.e., (-)-N-methylcrotsparine
content] was low and leaves tested positive for HCN. Leaves of
A. rubrum L. were examined for the presence of gramine, but
none could be detected. No alkaloids were detected in Cornus
florida.
14 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Allelochemicals in foliage of unfavored tree hosts of the
gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. 2. Seasonal variation of
saponins in Ilex opaca and identification of saponin
aglycones.
Barbosa, P.; Gross, P.; Provan, G.J.; Stermitz, F.R.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 May.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (5): p. 1731-1738; 1990 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lymantria dispar; Antifeedants; Ilex opaca;
Leaves; Plant composition; Saponins; Pest resistance; Insect
control; Biological control
Abstract: A greater variety of qualitative chemical defenses
has been reported in eastern forest trees than might be
expected from current interpretation of the plant apparency
theory. For the gypsy moth there is an association between the
occurrence of alkaloids and unfavorability of certain tree
species, as well as the presence of saponins. The latter
association, however, is not statistically significant.
Species in the genus Ilex have been reported to contain both
alkaloids and saponins (Barbosa and Krischick, 1987). In this
study, determinations were made of the occurrence of alkaloids
and saponins in I. opaca and their changes in concentration
over time. No alkaloids were detected. Saponins were isolated,
and the aglycone siaresinolic acid was identified. Saponin
concentration changes seasonally, being highest in early May
and lowest in early June leaves.
15 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A47
Allelochemicals in plant foods and feedingstuffs. 1.
Nutritional, biochemical and physiopathological aspects in
animal production.
Aletor, V.A.
Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University; 1993 Feb.
Veterinary and human toxicology v. 35 (1): p. 57-67; 1993 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Feeds; Antinutritional factors; Allomones;
Literature reviews
16 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Allelochemicals in soil from no-tillage versus conventional-
tillage wheat (Triticum aestivum) fields.
Cast, K.G.; McPherson, J.K.; Pollard, A.J.; Krenzer, E.G. Jr;
Waller, G.R. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Jul.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (7): p. 2277-2289; 1990 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; No-tillage; Tillage;
Allelochemicals; Wheat soils; Chemical composition; Bioassays;
Fatty acids; Roots; Growth
Abstract: Putative allelochemicals found in the soil of no-
tillage and conventional-tillage wheat plots near Stillwater,
Oklahoma, were obtained by a mild alkaline aqueous extraction
procedure, bioassayed to determine their biological activity,
purified, and analyzed with a capillary gas chromatography-
mass spectrometry-data analysis system. The most significant
inhibition was found in bioassays of extracts from soil
collected immediately after harvest in June, July, and August.
No-tillage soils produced significant inhibition during the
rest of the year also. Mass spectrometry showed fatty acids as
the most abundant compounds. However, when bioassayed
authentic samples of the five free fatty acids showed no
significant biological activity toward wheat.
17 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Allelochemicals produced during glucosinolate degradation in
soil. Brown, P.D.; Morra, M.J.; McCaffrey, J.P.; Auld, D.L.;
Williams, L. III New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Oct.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (10): p. 2021-2034; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brassica napus; Oilseeds; Plant composition;
Allelochemicals; Glucosinolates; Degradation; Thiocyanates;
Quantitative analysis; Insect control; Biological control
Abstract: A variety of plant pests are suppressed by the
incorporation of cruciferous plant material into soil.
Although this effect is attributed to decomposition of
glucosinolates into toxic products, little is known concerning
glucosinolate degradation in the soil environment. Arenas (30
X 18 X 8 cm) that contained soil amended with 30 g defatted
winter rapeseed meal (Brassica napus L.)/kg soil on one half
and unamended soil on the other were constructed.
Isothiocyanate concentrations in the soil were measured using
infrared analysis of CCl4 extracts, and ionic thiocyanate
(SCN-) using ion chromatography on aqueous extracts.
Quantities were monitored during a 100-hr time period in
conjunction with a wireworm bioassay. Isothiocyanate
production reached a maximum of 301 nmol/g soil at 2 hr, but
decreased by 90% within 24 hr. Production of SCN- reached a
maximum of 180 nmol/g soil at 8 hr but persisted longer than
isothiocyanate. Separate late instar wireworms (Limonius
infuscatus Mots.) were repelled by the presence of rapeseed
meal in less than 24 hr even though the meal was shown in
separate experiments not to be toxic. We propose that rapidly
produced isothiocyanates are responsible for this repellency,
but other products such as SCN- may play a role.
18 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Allelopathic activity in wheat-conventional and wheat-no-till
soils: development of soil extract bioassays.
Blum, U.; Gerig, T.M.; Worsham, A.D.; Holappa, L.D.; King,
L.D. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Publishing Corporation; 1992 Dec.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 18 (12): p. 2191-2221; 1992
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Cabt; Triticum aestivum; Glycine
max; Allelopathy; Germination; Bioassays; Phenolic acids;
Hydroxamic acids; Soil analysis; Extraction; Tillage;
Pharbitis hederacea; Trifolium incarnatum; Weed control
Abstract: The primary objective of this research was to
determine if soil extracts could be used directly in bioassays
for the detection of allelopathic activity. Here we describe:
(1) a way to estimate levels of allelopathic compounds in
soil; (2) how pH, solute potential, and/or ion content of
extracts may modify the action of allelopathic compounds on
germination and radicle and hypocotyl length of crimson clover
(Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ivy-leaved morning glory
(Ipomoea hederacea L. Jacquin.), and 3) how biological
activity of soil extracts may be determined. A water-autoclave
extraction procedure was chosen over the immediate-water and
5-hr EDTA extraction procedures, because the autoclave
procedure was effective in extracting solution and reversibly
bound ferulic acid as well as phenolic acids from wheat
debris. The resulting soil extracts were used directly in
germination bioassays. A mixture of phenolic acids similar to
that obtained from wheat-no-till soils did not affect
germination of clover or morning glory and radicle and
hypocotyl length of morning glory. The mixture did, however,
reduce radicle and hypocotyl length of clover. Individual
phenolic acids also did not inhibit germination, but did
reduce radicle and hypocotyl length of both species. 6-MBOA
(6-methoxy-2,3-benzoxazolinone), a conversion product of 2-o-
glucosyl-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxacin-3-one, a hydroxamic acid in
living wheat plants, inhibited germination and radicle and
hypocotyl length of clover and morning glory. 6-MBOA, however,
was not detected in wheat debris, stubble, or soil extracts.
Total phenolic acids (FC) in extracts were determined with
Folin and Ciocalteu's phenol reagent. Levels of FC in wheat-
conventional-till soil extracts were not related to
germination or radicle and hypocotyl length either species.
Levels of FC in wheat-no-till soil extracts were also not
related to germination of clover or morning glory, but were
inversely related to radicle and hypocotyl length of clover
and morning glory. FC values, solute potential, and acidity of
wheat-no-till soil extracts appeared to be independent
(additive) in action on clover radicle and hypocotyl length.
Radicle and hypocotyl length of clover was inversely related
to increasing FC and solute potential and directly related to
decreasing acidity. Biological activity of extracts was
determined best from slopes of radicle and hypocotyl length
obtained from bioassays of extract dilutions, Thus, data
derived from the water-autoclave extraction procedure, FC
analysis, and slope analysis for extract activity in
conjunction with data on extract pH and solute potential can
be used to estimate allelopathic activity of wheat-no-till
soils
19 NAL Call. No.: RS160.I47
Allelopathic activity of the essential oils of Nigerian
medicinal plants. Oguntimein, B.O.; Elakovich, S.D.
Lisse, Netherlands : Swets & Zeitlinger; 1991 Feb.
International journal of pharmacognosy v. 29 (1): p. 39-44;
1991 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Eugenia uniflora; Piper guineense;
Chromolaena; Medicinal plants; Lactuca sativa; Plant extracts;
Essential oils; Allelopathins; Allelopathy; Seedling growth;
Bioassays
20 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Allelopathic and autotoxic effects of Anastatica hierochuntica
L. Hegazy, A.K.; Mansour, K.S.; Abdel-Hady, N.F.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Jul.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (7): p. 2183-2193; 1990 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cruciferae; Desert plants; Allelopathy; Plant
composition; Plant extracts; Bioassays; Seedling growth; Seed
germination; Cell division; Inhibition
Abstract: Laboratory experiments were undertaken to
investigate the autotoxic effects of Anastatica hiertochuntica
and possible effects on five other desert plants: Rumex
cyprius, Trigonella stellata, Diplotaxis harra, Cleome
droserifolia, and Farsetia aegyptia. Seed germination.
seedling growth, and cell division of all species tested were
inhibited by the shoot aqueous extract of A. hierochuntica. A
gradual increase in the percentage of prophase and decrease in
the other mitotic stages as well as the mitotic index were
observed with increasing extract concentration. At an extract
concentration of 8% the mitotic index was reduced from the
control by 55% in C. droserifolia, 54% in T. stellata, 45% in
F. aegyptia, 43% in A. hierochuntica, and 35% in R. cyprius.
The inhibitory substances are apparently released onto soil by
repeated washing of the standing plants by rain and dew
interception.
21 NAL Call. No.: 450 AM36
Allelopathic and herbicidal effects of extracts from tree of
heaven (Ailanthus altissima).
Heisey, R.M.
Columbus, Ohio : Botanical Society of America; 1990 May.
American journal of botany v. 77 (5): p. 662-670. ill; 1990
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New York; Ailanthus altissima; Lepidium sativum;
Radicles; Growth rate; Phytotoxicity; Plant extracts;
Herbicidal properties; Allelopathy; Allelopathins; Seasonal
variation; Wood; Bark; Seeds; Leaves
22 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 SO8 (P)
Allelopathic cover crops to reduce herbicide input.
Worsham, A.D.
Raleigh, N.C. : The Society :.; 1991.
Proceedings - Southern Weed Science Society v. 44: p. 58-69;
1991. Paper presented at the meeting on "Perception: Fact or
Fiction", held January 14-16, 1991, San Antonio, Texas.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Cover crops; Allelopathy;
Herbicides; Application rates; Weed control
23 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Allelopathic dominance of Miscanthus transmorrisonensis in an
alpine grassland community in Taiwan.
Chou, C.H.; Lee, Y.F.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Nov.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (11): p. 2267-2281; 1991
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Taiwan; Miscanthus transmorrisonensis;
Allelopathy; Grasslands; Plant communities; Phenolic
compounds; Phytotoxins
Abstract: A study site located at 2600 m elevation in
Tartarchia Anpu, Nantou county, Taiwan, exhibits a unique
grassland community composed of two principal species.
Miscanthus transmorrisonensis and Yushinia niitakayamensis,
and 35 other species. The relative frequencies of the two
species are 12% and 11%, while their relative coverages ate
25% and 19.5%, respectively. The values for the remaining 35
species are lower than 4% each, while species diversity of the
community is -3.04839, indicating great diversity. To
elucidate the mechanism of dominance of M. transmorrisonensis,
allelopathic evaluation of the plant was conducted. Aqueous
extracts of M. transmorrisonensis plant parts with two
ecotypes were bioassayed. The extracts showed significant
phytotoxic effects on seed germination and radicle growth of
four tested plants: rye grass, lettuce, and two varieties of
Chinese cabbage. In addition, rhizosphere soils under
Miscanthus also exhibited significant phytotoxicity,
indicating that allelopathic interaction was involved. Some
responsible phytotoxic phenolics, namely, p-coumaric, ferulic,
vanillic, protocatechuic, o-hydroxyphenylacetic, and m-
hydroxyphenylacetic acids, and 4-hydroxycoumarin and
phloridzin were identified. Allelopathy thus can play an
important role in regulating plant diversity in the field.
24 NAL Call. No.: QK1.A28
Allelopathic effect of Harpullia imbricata Thw. leaf leachate
on Phaseolus mungo L.
Xavier, A.
Meerut, India : Society for Advancement of Botany; 1990 Dec.
Acta botanica Indica v. 18 (2): p. 293-295; 1990 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vigna mungo; Sapindaceae; Allelopathins; Plant
extracts; Leaves; Leachates; Seed germination; Germination
inhibitors; Growth rate; Inhibition; Protein synthesis; Amino
acids; Proteolysis
25 NAL Call. No.: 450 P5622
Allelopathic effect of hydroxamic acids from cereals on Avena
sativa and A. fatua.
Perez, F.J.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1990.
Phytochemistry v. 29 (3): p. 773-776; 1990. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum durum; Avena sativa; Avena fatua; Crop
plants as weeds; Weed control; Allelopathy; Biological
control; Hydroxamic acids; Seed germination; Growth rate
26 NAL Call. No.: S596.53.S69
Allelopathic effect of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivars
on certain weed and vegetable species.
Reinhardt, C.F.; Meissner, R.; Nel, P.C.
Pretoria : Bureau for Scientific Publications, Foundation for
Education, Science and Technology, [1984-; 1993 Feb.
South African journal of plant and soil; Suid-Afrikaanse
tydskrif vir plant en grond v. 10 (1): p. 41-44; 1993 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ipomoea batatas; Cultivars; Allelopathy
27 NAL Call. No.: 470 C16C
Allelopathic effects by Empetrum hermaphroditum on development
and nitrogen uptake by roots and mycorrhizae of Pinus
silvestris.
Nilsson, M.C.; Hogberg, P.; Zackrisson, O.; Fengyou, W.
Ottawa, Ont. : National Research Council of Canada; 1993 Apr.
Canadian journal of botany; Journal canadien de botanique v.
71 (4): p. 620-628; 1993 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Empetrum; Pinus sylvestris; Paxillus involutus;
Allelopathy; Plant extracts; Nitrogen; Nutrient uptake; Roots;
Ectomycorrhizas; Growth; Dry matter accumulation; Root tips;
Seedling growth; Root shoot ratio
28 NAL Call. No.: SD13.C35
Allelopathic effects by Empetrum hermaphroditum on seed
germination of two boreal tree species.
Zackrisson, O.; Nilsson, M.C.
Ottawa, Ont. : National Research Council of Canada; 1992 Sep.
Canadian journal of forest research; Revue canadienne de
recherche forestiere v. 22 (9): p. 1310-1319; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sweden; Pinus sylvestris; Populus tremula;
Allelopathy; Allelopathins; Seedgermination; Empetrum; Forest
litter; Plant secretions; Soil flora; Metabolic
detoxification; Humus; Boreal forests
Abstract: Indoor and outdoor experiments demonstrated that
allelopathy is an important factor explaining seed
regeneration failures of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) in
forest floor vegetation dominated by the dwarf shrub Empetrum
hermaphroditum Hagerup. Scanning electron micrograph views of
the leaf surfaces of E. hermaphroditum reveal secretory glands
that are shown to be involved in the release of water-soluble
phytotoxic substances. Bioassays indicate that low doses and
short exposure times of seeds to leachates have strong
negative effects on germination and early root development.
Activated carbon can eliminate the inhibitory effects of
leachates and litter. This technique demonstrates the
occurrence of allelopathic interference by E. hermaphroditum
on seed germination of both Scots pine and aspen (Populus
tremula L.). In a field experiment the allelopathic effects by
E. hermaphroditum are strong during early spring when
germination and growth initiate and ground ice still is
present. Extracts passed through soils collected from an E.
hermaphroditum site were detoxified. while those passed
through sterilized soil were not. Therefore, microorganisms
may detoxify the allelochemicals under some environmental
conditions.
29 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Allelopathic effects of alfalfa plant residues on emergence
and growth of cucumber seedlings.
Ells, J.E.; McSay, A.E.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1991 Apr. HortScience v. 26 (4): p. 368-370; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Plant residues; Allelopathy;
Phytotoxicity; Cucumis sativus; Seed germination; Seedling
growth; Growing media
Abstract: Growth chamber tests demonstrated that alfalfa
(Medicago sativa L.) residue is toxic to cucumber (Cucumis
sativus L.) seed germination and seedling growth. Ground
alfalfa roots at 0.5% (w/w, dry weight) inhibited germination
when added to the growing medium. Alfalfa roots at 0.5% were
also toxic to pregerminated cucumber seed. However, cucumber
seedlings grew normally if this same medium was watered and
incubated for > 1 day before planting. Alfalfa particle size
in media influenced cucumber performance, with the
intermediate size (1 to 2 mm) being lethal to cucumbers.
30 NAL Call. No.: SD1.I54
Allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus tereticornis on Phaseolus
vulgaris seedlings.
Puri, S.; Khara, A.
Oxon : A B Academic; 1991.
The International tree crops journal v. 6 (4): p. 287-293;
1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Phaseolus vulgaris; Eucalyptus tereticornis;
Seedlings; Allelopathy; Leaves; Bark; Seed germination; Roots;
Shoots; Plant development; Leachates
31 NAL Call. No.: SD1.I54
Allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus on
germination and seedling growth of a few multi-purpose trees
and arable crops.
Swaminathan, C.; Vinaya Rai, R.S.; Suresh, K.K.
Oxon : A B Academic; 1990.
The International tree crops journal v. 6 (2/3): p. 143-150;
1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Acacia leucophloea; Casuarina equisetifolia;
Eucalyptus tereticornis; Leucaena leucocephala; Allelopathy;
Parthenium hysterophorus; Seed germination; Seedlings; Growth;
Lactones
32 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Allelopathic effects of plant seeds on nitrification: effects
on ammonium oxidizers.
Kholdebarin, B.; Oertli, J.J.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Jan.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (1): p. 59-64; 1992 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Quercus rubra; Quercus petraea; Quercus robur;
Camellia sinensis; Seeds; Kernels; Testas; Cotyledons;
Powders; Leaves; Plant extracts; Soil bacteria; Nitrification
inhibitors; Phenolic compounds; Nitrification; Ammonium;
Oxidation; Biological activity in soil; Nitrites; Nitrate;
Ammonium nitrogen; Nitrate nitrogen; Immobilization; Nitrogen
fixation; Chemical reactions; Allelopathy
Abstract: Effects of cotyledon powder from seeds of higher
plants (tea and several varieties of oaks) known to be rich in
phenolic compounds on biological oxidation of NH(+4) and
NO(-2) to NO(-3) were investigated. Treating culture solutions
with cotyledon powder resulted in a rapid disappearance of
both NH(+4)-N and NO(-2)-N during the first 2-3 days of the
experiments. Such losses were believed to be due to fixation
of NH(+4) and volatilization of NO(-2)-N by phenolic
substances and also to reactions with other organic C
compounds present in cotyledon tissues. It is also suggested
that some of the NH(+4)-N and 4 NO(-2)-N may have been
immobilized by heterotrophic bacterial growth.
33 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Allelopathic effects of plant seeds on nitrification: effects
on nitrite oxidizers.
Kholdebarin, B.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1992 Jan.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 24 (1): p. 65-69; 1992 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Camellia sinensis; Quercus robur; Seeds;
Cotyledons; Powders; Soil bacteria; Glucose; Cell cultures;
Nutrient solutions; Sodium nitrite; Oxidation; Nitrate;
Nitrification; Fixation; Organic compounds; Volatilization;
Nitrogen; Ammonium; Allelopathy; Immobilization
Abstract: Effects of cotyledon powder, from tea and oak
seeds, on oxidation of NO(-2) to NO(-3) in nitrification were
investigated. Presence of cotyledon powder or glucose in
culture solutions greatly stimulated the rapid disappearance
of NO(-2) from solutions. However, the amount of NO(-3) as the
end product of nitrification was drastically reduced in the
presence of seed cotyledon or glucose. Based on the results
obtained from double enrichment experiments and also from
experiments done with sterile and non-sterile soil-free
solutions, it was concluded that the decrease in the amount of
NO(-3) in nitrification seems to be due to fixation,
volatilization and immobilization of nitrogen by organic
substances present in ground cotyledons of tea and oak seeds;
direct effects on nitrifying organisms seem to be negligible.
34 NAL Call. No.: S1.T49
Allelopathic effects of two grasses on seed germination of
three wildlife food plants.
Fulbright, N.; Fulbright, T.E.
Canyon, Tex. : The Consortium; 1990.
Texas journal of agriculture and natural resources : a
publication of the Agricultural Consortium of Texas v. 4: p.
31-32; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Colinus Virginianus; Sorghum almum;
Panicum coloratum; Panicum antidotale; Cenchrus ciliaris;
Dichanthium annulatum; Allelopathy; Seed germination;
Leachates; Wildlife management
35 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Allelopathic effects of water extracts of Artemisia princeps
var. orientalis on selected plant species.
Kil, B.S.; Yun, K.W.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1992 Jan.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 18 (1): p. 39-51; 1992 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Artemisia princeps; Allelopathy; Leaves; Stems;
Roots; Extracts; Bioassays; Seed germination; Seedlings
Abstract: The allelopathic effects of wormwood plants
(Artemisia princeps var. orientalis) and their possible
phytotoxicity on receptor species were investigated. The
aqueous extracts of mature leaf, stem, and root of wormwood
plants caused significant inhibition in germination and
decreased seedling elongation of receptor plants, whereas
germination of some species was not inhibited by extracts of
stems and roots. Dry weight growth was slightly increased at
lower concentrations of the extract, whereas it was
proportionally inhibited at higher concentrations. The calorie
value of the organic matter in receptor plants measured by
bomb calorimeter was reduced proportionally to the extract
concentration. However, results with extracts of juvenile leaf
did not correlate with inhibition or promotion of elongation
and dry weight.
36 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Allelopathic inhibition of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. and
other plant species by Euphorbia prostrata L.
Alsaadawi, I.S.; Sakeri, F.A.K.; Al-Dulaimy, S.M.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Sep.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (9): p. 2747-2754; 1990 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Euphorbia prostrata; Allelopathy; Cynodon
dactylon; Soil analysis; Bioassays; Biological control
Abstract: Field observations indicated that Euphorbia
prostrata strongly interferes with Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
Analysis of some physical and chemical soil factors indicated
that competition was not the dominant factor of that
interference. Soil collected from under E. prostrata stands
was very inhibitory to seed germination and seeding growth of
some of the test species including C. dactylon. This suggests
the presence of inhibitory compounds in soil of E. prostrata
stands. Subsequent experiments showed that aqueous extract,
decaying residues, and root exudates of E. prostrata were
inhibitory to most of the test species including C. dactylon.
Thus, it appears that allelopathy is the major component of
the interference, with competition probably accentuating its
effect. It also was found that allelopathy is an important
component of the interference by E. prostrata against
Amaranthus retro-flexus, Medicago sativa, and Gossypium
hirsutum.
37 NAL Call. No.: 450 P5622
Allelopathic inhibition of seed germination by Cinchona
alkaloids?. Aerts, R.J.; Snoeijer, W.; Meijden, E. van der;
Verpoorte, R. Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Phytochemistry v. 30 (9): p. 2947-2951; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cinchona; Catharanthus roseus; Rubiaceae; Ocimum
Americanum; Seed germination; Germination inhibitors; Plant
extracts; Alkaloids; Allelopathins; Roots; Growth inhibitors
Abstract: The inhibition of seed germination by quinoline
alkaloids synthesized by plants of the tropical genus Cinchona
was studied. The germination of Ocimum (a tropical herb), of
Spermacoce and Catharanthus (two tropical, alkaloid-producing
plants), and of Cinchona itself was strongly inhibited by the
alkaloids when applied at concentrations higher than about 0.3
mM. To test for the possible allelopathic significance of this
finding, the soil in which two-year-old Cinchona plants were
grown was examined for its quinoline alkaloid content.
Although the roots of the plants contain high concentrations
of these alkaloids (ca 10 mM), in the soil only very low
concentrations were found (ca 0.02 mM). Upon germination of
seeds sown close by the plants, no toxic effects were
observed. So, although several studies have reported
inhibition of seed germination by Cinchona alkaloids under
laboratory conditions, our results indicate that this property
does not play a role under natural circumstances at realistic
concentrations.
38 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Allelopathic potential of compounds isolated from Ipomoea
tricolor Cav. (Convolvulaceae).
Anaya, A.L.; Calera, M.R.; Mata, R.; Pereda-Miranda, R.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Jul.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (7): p. 2145-2152; 1990 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ipomoea tRicolor; Allelopathy; Plant composition;
Plant extracts; Glycosides; Bioassays; Seeds; Seedling growth;
Weed control; Amaranthus leucocarpus; Echinochloa crus-galli
Abstract: The allelopathic potential of I. tricolor, used in
traditional agriculture as a weed controller, has been
demonstrated by measuring the inhibitory activity of aqueous
lixiviates and organic extracts of the plant material on
seedling growth of Amaranthus leucocarpus and Echinochloa
crusgalli. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the most active
organic extract led to the isolation of the allelopathic
principles, which turned out to be a mixture of glycosides,
having jalapinolic acid as the aglycone portion glycosidically
linked in the 11 position to an oligosaccharide composed of
glucose, rhamnose, and fucose, which also combines with the
carboxyl group of the aglycone to form a macrocyclic ester.
39 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Allelopathic potential of Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibth. & SM.
(Nymphaeaceae). Elakovich, S.D.; Wooten, J.W.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Apr.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (4): p. 707-714; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nuphar lutea; Allelopathy; Bioassays; Lemna
minor; Lactuca sativa; Osmotic pressure
Abstract: Aqueous extracts of Nuphar lurea (L.) Sibth. & Sm.
leaves (blades plus petioles) and roots plus rhizomes were
tested for allelopathic activity using lettuce seedling and
Lemna minor L. assay systems. The 12.5. 25, 125, and 250 parts
per thousand (ppt) treatments of both extracts killed the
lettuce seedlings. At 2.5 ppt of extract, radicle growth of
lettuce was 29% of the control for leaves and 31% of the
control for roots plus rhizomes. Lemna minor frond number was
reduced to 34% of the control by the 25 ppt leaf extract and
to 43% of the control by the 25 ppt roots plus rhizomes
extract. L. minor was killed by concentrations of 125 ppt and
above of both plant part extracts. As expected, the frond
number and total chlorophyll content measured by the L. minor
assay were highly correlated. Osmotic potentials below 143
MOsmol/kg had no influence on L. minor growth. Neither the
osmotic potential nor the pH of the undiluted extracts of N.
lutea were in the range known to influence the growth of
either lettuce seedlings or L. minor. Nuphar lutea extracts
were many times more inhibitory than 16 other hydrophytes we
previously examined.
40 NAL Call. No.: 18 J825
Allelopathic potential of shoot and root leachates of certain
weed species. Rani, M.S.; Babu, R.C.; Sheriff, M.M.; Perumal,
R.K.P.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Paul Parey; 1990.
Zeitschrift fur Acker- und Pflanzenbau v. 164 (2): p. 81-84;
1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tamil nadu; Weeds; Shoots; Roots; Toxic exudates;
Phenolic content; Phytotoxicity; Allelopathy; Sorghum bicolor;
Vigna mungo
41 NAL Call. No.: 470 C16C
Allelopathic potential of western coneflower (Rudbeckia
occidentalis). Ferguson, D.E.
Ottawa, Ont. : National Research Council of Canada; 1991 Dec.
Canadian journal of botany; Journal canadien de botanique v.
69 (12): p. 2806-2808; 1991 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Rudbeckia occidentalis; Allelopathins;
Seed germination; Germination inhibitors; Roots; Growth
inhibitors; Lactuca sativa; Pinus contorta; Picea engelmannii;
Plant extracts
42 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32
Allelopathic response of vegetables to guayule residue.
Schloman, W.W. Jr; Hilton, A.S.; McCrady, J.J.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1991.
Bioresource technology v. 35 (2): p. 191-196; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Parthenium argentatum; Processing; Plant
residues; Phytotoxicity; Application to land; Seed
germination; Germination inhibitors; Vegetables; Allelopathy;
Water; Leachates
43 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Allelopathic substances and interactions of Delonix regia
(Boj) Raf. Chou, C.H.; Leu, L.L.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Publishing Corporation; 1992 Dec.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 18 (12): p. 2285-2303; 1992
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Taiwan; Cabt; Delonix regia; Allelopathy; Leaves;
Flowers; Plant composition; Phenolic compounds; Phytotoxicity;
Undergrowth; Mode of action; Chemical ecology
Abstract: A unique pattern of weed exclusion was found under
the canopy of Delonix regia, which was planted in many places
as an ornamental tree in the south of Taiwan. A quadrat method
was employed to examine the botanical composition between the
area underneath D. regia and its adjacent control grassland.
The number of species and coverage of understory species were
significantly lower in the area of the D. regia than that of
the grassland, indicating the growth of understory species was
suppressed by D. regia. A series of aqueous extracts of
leaves, flowers, and twigs of D. regia were bioassayed against
three species to determine their phytotoxicity, and the
results showed highest inhibition in the flowers. A water-
culture experiment indicated the aqueous extract of flowers of
D. regia on two local understory species (Isachne nipponensis
and Centella asiatica) inhibited growth of both species by
more than 70%. The phytotoxicities of fallen leaves and
flowers of D. regia were not significantly affected by
temperature. When the plant material was subjected to
temperatures above 70 degrees C, however, phytotoxicity was
decreased, indicating that the allelopathic nature of D. regia
could easily be decomposed by fire. By means of paper, thin-
layer, and high-performance liquid chromatography, and UV-
visible spectrophotometry, responsible phytotoxins present in
leaves, flowers, and twigs of D. regia were identified as 4-
hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic, gallic,
3,4-dihydroxycinnamic, 3,5-dinitrobenzoic, and L-azetidine-2-
carboxylic acids, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde. The findings
of bioassays and the number and amount of responsible
allelopathic compounds found in D. regia are well correlated,
thus permitting the conclusion that the exclusion of
understory plants under the canopy of D. regia trees was due
primarily to the allelopathic effect of the fallen flower,
leaves, and twigs of the D. regia. A possible mechanism of
action is discussed.
44 NAL Call. No.: Fiche no.308
Allelopathische Effekte der Salicylsaure am Modellbeispiel von
Vicia faba L vorgelegt von Barbara Manthe [Allelopathic
effects of salicyclic acid on model examples of Vicia faba L].
Manthe, Barbara,
1991; 1991.
92 leaves : ill. Vita. Includes bibliographical references
(leaves 85-92).
Language: German
45 NAL Call. No.: SB617.45.W47N69 1991
Allelopathy.
Stevens, K.L.
Boulder : Westview Press; 1991.
Noxious range weeds / edited by Lynn F. James ... [et al.]..
p. 127-137; 1991. (Westview special studies in agriculture
science and policy). Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Weeds; Rangelands; Plant interaction; Plant
competition
46 NAL Call. No.: QH506.U34
Allelopathy: a viable weed control strategy.
Putnam, A.R.; Nair, M.G.; Barnes, J.P.
New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Liss, Inc; 1990.
UCLA symposia on molecular and cellular biology v. 112: p.
317-322; 1990. In the series analytic: New directions in
biological control: Alternatives for suppressing agricultural
pests and diseases / edited by R.R. Baker and P.E. Dunn.
Proceedings of a UCLA Colloquium, January 20-27, 1989, Frisco,
Colorado. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Weeds; Weed control; Allelopathy; Crops; Crop
residues; Herbicidal properties; Plant competition
Abstract: Allelopathy is the interference plants impose upon
one another through release of chemicals. It has been
implicated most frequently with aggressive weeds in their
interference with crops and less frequently with crops against
weeds. Work in our laboratory has focused on the use of
allelopathic crops or their residues for weed control.
Screening of crop germplasm indicates that differential
allelopathic potential exists within these collections. The
most successful approach we have employed is to use
allelopathic cereal grains in rotation with annual crops or in
companion planting with perennial crops. Rye (Secale cereale
L.) is an example of a plant which provides excellent weed
suppression through both allelopathic and competitive
mechanisms. Rye residues maintained on the soil surface
release 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4(2H)-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA) and a
breakdown product 2(3H)-benzoxazalinone (BOA) both of which
are strongly inhibitory to germination and seedling growth of
dicoytylenous annual weeds. In addition, soil fungi convert
BOA to 2,2'-oxo-1,1'-azo-benzene which is ten-fold more
phytotoxic than BOA. Hence a variety of natural products
contribute to the herbicidal activity of rye residues.
47 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Allelopathy and autotoxicity in alfalfa: characterization and
effects of preceding crops and residue incorporation.
Hegde, R.S.; Miller, D.A.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1990 Nov.
Crop science v. 30 (6): p. 1255-1259; 1990 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Medicago sativa; Sorghum bicolor;
Rotations; Sequential cropping; Allelopathy; Allelopathins;
Phytotoxicity; Crop residues; Roots; Shoots; Incorporation;
Leachates; Bioassays; Seed germination; Growth rate
Abstract: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is known to be both
autotoxic and allelopathic. Greenhouse and laboratory
experiments were conducted to determine if 'WL-316' alfalfa
exhibits short-term autotoxicity and long-term autotoxicity
and allelopathy. Long-term autotoxicity and allelopathy of
alfalfa were verified at Urbana, IL, by comparing the
germination and growth of alfalfa and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor
(L.) Moench] on Flanagan silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic,
mesic Aquic Argiudoll) previously cropped to alfalfa (alfalfa-
soil) and sorghum (sorghum-soil). Short-term autotoxicity of
alfalfa was investigated by studying the effect of
incorporating its roots only and both roots and shoots on the
germination and growth of alfalfa in alfalfa-soil and sorghum-
soil. The data were further supported by a laboratory bioassay
of seedling exudate and shoot leachate of alfalfa and sorghum.
Plant height and fresh weight per plant of alfalfa and fresh
weight per plant of sorghum were lower on alfalfa-soil than on
sorghum-soil. Germination percentages of both alfalfa and
sorghum and plant height of sorghum were unaffected by the
preceding crop. The two soils differed in nutrient content,
but fertility was high and should not have been limiting to
the growth of either crop. As a result, allelopathic/autotoxic
compounds in alfalfa-soil were implicated in the growth
inhibition of the two crops. Soil incorporation of fresh
alfalfa roots only or both roots and shoots reduced alfalfa
emergence, plant height, and dry weight per plant. Primary
effects of water-soluble inhibitory compounds from alfalfa
shoot appeared to be on germination and radicle elongation,
the latter being apparently more sensitive than the former.
Alfalfa allelopathy seems to be more severe than autotoxicity.
A flow diagram describes different kinds of allelopathy and
autotoxicity and various situations that verify the existence
of a particular kind of allelopathy or autotoxicity.
48 NAL Call. No.: SB611.5.S3
Allelopathy application for control of some weed species final
report 1985-1989.
Saric, Taib
Sarajevo : Faculty of Agriculture, 1990; 1990.
31 leaves, [5] leaves of plates : ill. ; 28 cm. Cover title.
Project: (USDA) JF511-11. January 1990. Includes
bibliographical references (leaves 30-31).
Language: English
Descriptors: Allelopathy; Weeds; Allelopathic agents
49 NAL Call. No.: S51.E2
Allelopathy as a factor in the pasture ecosystem.
Smith, A.E.
Athens, Ga. : The Stations; 1991 May.
Research bulletin - University of Georgia, Agricultural
Experiment Stations (399): 11 p.; 1991 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Pastures; Fodder crops; Weeds;
Allelopathy
50 NAL Call. No.: QK911.A46 1991
Allelopathy basic and applied aspects.
Rizvi, S. J. H.,_1955-; Rizvi, V.,
New York : Chapman and Hall, 1991; 1991.
xx, 480 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Allelopathy; Allelopathic agents
51 NAL Call. No.: SD112.F67
Allelopathy in barley: potential for biological suppression of
weeds. Liu, D.L.; Lovett, J.V.
Rotorua : The Institute; 1990.
FRI bulletin - Forest Research Institute, New Zealand Forest
Service (155): p. 85-92. ill; 1990. Paper presented at the
"Conference on Alternatives to the Chemical Control of Weeds,"
held July 25-27, 1989, Rotorua, New Zealand. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hordeum vulgare; Allelopathy; Seed germination;
Radicles; Sinapis alba; Allelochemicals; Gramine; Hordenine;
Phytotoxicity; Biological control; Weed control
52 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Allelopathy of crop residues influences corn seed germination
and early growth.
Martin, V.L.; McCoy, E.L.; Dick, W.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 May.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (3): p. 555-560; 1990 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Zea mays; Seed germination; Growth;
Inhibition; Allelopathy; Crop residues; Oats; Soy straw;
Soybeans; Microbial activities; Phytotoxicity; Temperature;
Aeration; Decomposition
Abstract: Crop residues produce alleochemicals that may
inhibit corn [Zea mays (L.)] seed germination and early
growth. Studies were conducted in which residues of corn,
soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], oat [Avena sativa (L.)], and
mixed grass hay were extracted under N2 gas or air. Organic
debris was removed and half of each extract was filter
sterilized. Corn seeds were incubated in the extracts for 96 h
at 25 degrees C. Percent germination, and lengths of
coleoptile, radicle, and secondary roots were measured.
Residues extracted under N2 gas or air did not differ
significantly in their toxicity. Nonsterile residue extracts
decreased germination to 74% for soybean and oat straw and 27%
for corn and hay residues. Sterile extracts did not affect
germination. Nonsterile soybean and oat extracts did not
reduce coleoptile lengths but did reduce radicle and secondary
root lengths by 34% compared to the water treatment.
Sterilized extracts reduced radicle and secondary root lengths
by 63%. Nonsterile corn and hay extracts reduced coleoptile
lengths by 42% and radicle and secondary root lengths by 81%.
A second extraction was performed by incubating the residues
without aeration at 25 and 0.5 degrees C. Seed germination for
treatments with nonsterile extracts obtained at 25 degrees C
were similar to those for nonsterile extracts of Exp. 1.
Extraction at 0.5 degrees C and filter sterilization also
improved germination. Soybean and oat extracts did not
strongly inhibit coleoptile lengths; however, a 61% reduction
occurred in radicle and secondary root lengths for the
sterilized, 0.5 degrees C extract. Corn and hay residues were
generally more inhibitory to coleoptile, radicle and secondary
root lengths; however, no consistent effects were observed
from temperature and sterilization treatments.
53 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Allelopathy of Sasa cernua.
Li, H.H.; Nishimura, H.; Hasegawa, K.; Mizutani, J.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Publishing Corporation; 1992 Oct.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 18 (10): p. 1785-1796; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sasa; Allelopathy; Volatile compounds; Phenolic
compounds; Growth inhibitors; Allelochemicals; Rhizosphere;
Weed control
Abstract: Sasa (Sasa cernua Makino) is a very serious weed
pest. Its allelopathy was studied using lettuce, wheat,
timothy, and green amaranth as testing species, Cultured in
the rhizosphere soil of Sasa cernua, the seedlings were
inhibited by 42-80% compared with the controls cultured in
normal soil and vermiculite. The phenolic fraction extracted
with 1 M NaOH from the rhizosphere soil of S. cernua caused
significant inhibitions on the seed germination seedling
growth of lettuce, timothy, green amaranth, and barnyard
grass. p-Coumaric, ferulic, vanillic, and p-hydroxybenzoic
acids and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde were identified as the main
allelochemicals in sasa soil by HPLC and [1H]NMR. Their
contents in the rhizosphere soil were 5640, 1060, 860, 810 and
630 micrograms/100 g soil. The neutral fraction inhibited the
seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce in the TLC
direct bioassay. Volatile compounds released from sasa leaves
also inhibited the growth of lettuce, wheat, timothy, and
green amaranth grown under light, and the growth of etiolated
seedlings of barley and wheat. These results confirm that S.
cernua produces typical allelopathy through its rhizosphere
soil and air space.
54 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Allelopathy of small everlasting (Antennaria microphylla)
phytotoxicity to leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) in tissue
culture.
Hogan, M.E.; Manners, G.D.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Mar.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (3): p. 931-939; 1990 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Antennaria microphylla; Extracts; Callus; Cell
suspensions; Phytotoxicity; Euphorbia esula
Abstract: Media and media extracts from callus cultures of
small everlasting (Antennaria microphylla) inhibited leafy
spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) callus tissue and suspension
culture growth (50 and 70% of control, respectively) and were
phytotoxic in lettuce and leafy spurge root elongation
bioassays (64 and 77% of control, respectively). Hydroquinone,
a phytotoxic compound previously isolated from small
everlasting, was also biosynthesized by callus and suspension
cultures of this species. Exogenously supplied hydroquinone
(0.5 mM) was toxic to leafy spurge suspension culture cells
and was only partially biotransformed to its nontoxic water-
soluble monoglucoside, arbutin, by these cells. This report
confirms the chronic involvement of hydroquinone in the
allelopathic interaction between small everlasting and leafy
spurge.
55 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Allelopathy of yellow fieldcress (Rorippa sylvestris):
identification and characterization of phytotoxic
constituents.
Yamane, A.; Nishimura, H.; Mizutani, J.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1992 May.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 18 (5): p. 683-691; 1992 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rorippa sylvestris; Allelopathy; Root exudates;
Plant composition; Bioassays; Seed germination; Inhibition;
Seedlings; Growth; Lactuca sativa; Weed control
Abstract: Both the neutral and acidic fractions of the
acetone extract of yellow fieldcress (Kireha-inugarashi,
Rorippa sylvestris Besser) inhibited lettuce seed germination.
Salicylic, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, and syringic acid were
identified in the acidic fraction. In the neutral fraction,
hirsutin (8-methylsulfinyloctyl isothiocyanate), 4-
methoxyindole-3-acetonitrile, and pyrocatechol were
identified. Bioassay using a root exudate recirculating system
showed R. sylvestris during flowering inhibited the lettuce
seedling growth. Hirsutin (13 micrograms/plant/day) and
pyrocatechol (9.3 micrograms/plant/day) were the major
compounds released into the rhizosphere. Several combinations
of pyrocatechol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and
hirsutin reduced lettuce seedling growth. These compounds
seemed to be allelochemicals.
56 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
Allelopathy: the effects of chemicals produced by plants,
January 1986-January 1990.
Gilbert, H.
Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1990 Apr.
Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculure,
National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (90-46): 28 p.; 1990
Apr. Updates QB 88-62. Bibliography.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plants; Allelopathy; Allelopathins;
Phytotoxicity; Chemical constituents of plants; Bibliographies
57 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
Allelopathy: the effects of chemicals produced by plants--
January 1988-April 1992.
Gilbert, H.
Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1992 Jun.
Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (92-50): 65 p.; 1992
Jun. Updates QB 90-46. Bibliography.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plants; Allelopathy; Allelopathins;
Phytotoxicity; Bibliographies
58 NAL Call. No.: QK911.A44
Allelopatiia i produktivnost' rastenii sbornik nauchnykh
trudov [Allelopathy and the productivity of plants].
Grodzinskii, A. M.
TSentral
Kiev : Nauk. dumka, 1990; 1990.
146 p. : ill. ; 20 cm. "Nauchnoe izdanie"--Colophon. At head
of title: Akademiia nauk Ukrainskoi SSR. TSentral. Includes
bibliographical references.
Language: Russian
Descriptors: Allelopathy; Allelopathic agents; Plant
physiology
59 NAL Call. No.: QK898.A43M6 1990
Allelopatiia v plodovykh sadakh [Allelopathy in orchards].
Moroz, P. A.
Kiev : Haukova dumka, 1990; 1990.
208 p., [4] p. of plates : ill. ; 21 cm. At head of title:
Akademiia nauk Ukrainskoi SSR. Tsentral'nyi respublikanskii
botanicheskii sad.
Language: Russian
Descriptors: Fruit trees; Allelopathic agents
60 NAL Call. No.: 81 SO12
Allelpathic potential of celery residues on lettuce.
Shilling, D.G.; Dusky, J.A.; Mossler, M.A.; Bewick, T.A.
Alexandria, Va. : The Society; 1992 Mar.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science v.
117 (2): p. 308-312; 1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lactuca sativa; Seedlings; Plant residues; Soil;
Incorporation; Apium graveolens; Allelopathy; Phytotoxins;
Seedling emergence; Growth; Adverse effects; Activated carbon;
Greenhouse culture
Abstract: Poor emergence of commercially grown lettuce has
been observed when planted immediately after the removal of a
celery crop. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate
the possible allelopathic effects of celery residue on the
emergence and growth of lettuce. The influence of amount and
type of celery tissue, growth medium and fertility, incubation
time in soil, and amendment of growth medium containing celery
residue with activated charcoal was evaluated with respect to
the allelopathic potential of celery. Celery root tissue was
1.8 and 1.6 times more toxic to lettuce seedling growth than
was celery petiole or lamina tissue, respectively. Lettuce
shoot growth was inhibited to a greater extent when grown in
sand amended with celery residue rather than either amended
vermiculite or potting soil. Incubation of celery root residue
in soil for 4 weeks increased phytotoxicity at 1% (v/v) and
decreased it at 40% (v/v). Increasing the fertility of pure
sand with varying amounts of Hoagland's solution did not
reverse the allelopathic effects of celery residue. The
addition of activated carbon to the medium increased the
growth of lettuce exposed to celery residues. Celery residues
possess allelopathic potential to developing lettuce
seedlings. Celery tissue type and concentration, soil type,
incubation of celery root residue in soil, and addition of
activated carbon to the growing medium influenced the
magnitude of the observed phytotoxicity.
61 NAL Call. No.: 450 AM36
Allyl isothiocyanate release and the allelopathic potential of
Brassica napus (Brassicaceae).
Choesin, D.N.; Boerner, R.E.J.
Columbus, Ohio : Botanical Society of America; 1991 Aug.
American journal of botany v. 78 (8): p. 1083-1090; 1991 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brassica napus; Allyl isothiocyanate;
Biosynthesis; Allelopathins; Plant interaction; Growth
inhibitors; Plant density; Mutants; Genotypes; Genetic
variation
Abstract: The allelopathic potential of Brassica species has
been attributed to release of the mustard oil glycosides which
they produce in large quantities. Upon hydrolysis, these
glucosinolates yield isothiocyanates, compounds with strong
antibiotic properties. The objective of this study was to
assess whether Brassica napus, a common and widespread crop
and weed crucifer, is capable of allelopathic interference,
and if so, whether its glycoside derivative, allyl
isothiocyanate (AI), is capable of producing this
interference. Wild type and low glucosinolate-mutant B. napus
were grown in low organic content soil under greenhouse
conditions, and AI release into soil was monitored. Most
plants released low levels of AI, though approximately 10%
released much higher levels. Wild type plants released more AI
than mutants. Growth of the target species, Medicago sativa,
was not affected by additions of AI to soils at concentrations
equal to the median and 95% quantile from the B. napus soils.
In replacement series experiments, the two B. napus genotypes
suppressed growth of M. sativa equally despite differences in
AI release rate. In an intraspecific replacement series
experiment, the two B. napus genotypes were equal competitors.
Under our experimental conditions, B. napus showed no
indication of being allelopathic, and AI concentrations
typical of soils around B. napus plants did not inhibit target
plants.
62 NAL Call. No.: QK1.A28
Antibiotic effect of Rhizobium sp. towards some soil fungi.
Anbu, D.A.; Sullia, S.B.
Meerut, India : Society for Advancement of Botany; 1990 Dec.
Acta botanica Indica v. 18 (2): p. 213-215; 1990 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Australia; Arachis hypogaea; Rhizobium;
Geographical races; Plant extracts; Antibiotics; Antifungal
agents; Rhizosphere fungi; Allelopathins; Strain differences
63 NAL Call. No.: 81 SO12
Asparagus emergence in Fusarium-treated and sterile media
following exposure of seeds or radicles to one or more
cinnamic acids.
Peirce, L.C.; Miller, H.G.
Alexandria, Va. : The Society; 1993 Jan.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science v.
118 (1): p. 23-28. ill; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Asparagus officinalis; Allelopathy; Cinnamic
acid; Emergence; Growth inhibitors; Radicles; Seeds; Toxicity;
Crop damage; Fusarium
Abstract: Several cinnamic acids have been identified as
principal toxic components of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis
L.) root autotoxin and have been shown to synergize Fusarium
infection of asparagus. The basis for this synergism was
studied by exposing asparagus seeds and radicles from
pregerminated seeds to ferulic (FA), caffeic (CA), or
methylenedioxycinnamic (MDA) acids alone and in combinations
of two or three of these acids. After treatment, seeds were
placed in pots of peat-lite mix, and, depending on the
experiment, all or half were inoculated with F. oxysporum
(Schlecht) f. sp. asparagi (Cohen). Seedling emergence from
each pot was used as a measure of toxicity. All cinnamic acids
at 1% suppressed emergence compared with the control.
Solutions combining FA and CA (0.5%/0.5%, v/v) were
substantially more toxic than 1% solutions of either alone.
Exposure of radicles (early postgermination) for 10 minutes to
combined FA/CA before planting decreased emergence from pots,
whereas emergence following a 10-minute exposure to 1% CA or
FA alone did not differ from the controls. The 2-hour exposure
to FA or to FA/CA and the 24-hour exposure to CA, FA, or FA/CA
decreased emergence, with toxicity progressing as follows: CA
< FA < FA/CA. Root tip squashes showed fewer mitotic figures
in treated than in untreated radicles, and scanning electron
microscopic (SEM) examination of the radicle epidermis
revealed damage to the surface of epidermal cells and
precocious root hair development, the extent of which
paralleled treatment toxicity.
64 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Assessment of allelopathic potential in Artemisia princeps
var. orientalis residues.
Yun, K.W.; Kil, B.S.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Publishing Corporation; 1992 Nov.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 18 (11): p. 1933-1940; 1992
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Artemisia princeps; Plant composition;
Allelopathy; Leaves; Plant residues; Phytotoxicity; Bioassays;
Growth inhibitors; Seedlings
Abstract: Field and laboratory studies were conducted to
examine the differential phytotoxicity of residues of
Artemisia princeps var. orientalis (wormwood) using various
plants as test species. Seedling elongation and dry weights of
receptor plants were inversely proportional to the
concentration and incubation time of dry leaves of A. princeps
var. orientalis in vermiculite. In seedling growth tests with
abandoned field soils (control) and soil underneath wormwood
plants (test), the elongation, dry weight, and caloric content
of seedlings grown in the soil from under wormwood plants were
severely inhibited, thereby suggesting that certain growth
inhibitors were released from wormwood and the inhibitor
remained in the soil.
65 NAL Call. No.: 450 AU72
An assessment of the allelopathic potential of Eucalyptus.
May, F.E.; Ash, J.E.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization; 1990.
Australian journal of botany v. 38 (3): p. 245-254; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australian capital territory; Eucalyptus
globulus; Eucalyptus maculata; Eucalyptus macrorhyncha;
Eucalyptus rossii; Eucalyptus rubida; Allelopathins;
Leachates; Bark; Leaves; Forest litter; Stemflow; Laboratory
methods; Allelopathy; Bioassays
66 NAL Call. No.: 421 EN895
Azadirachtin inhibits secretion of trypsin in midgut of
Manduca sexta caterpillars: reduced growth due to impaired
protein digestion. Timmins, W.A.; Reynolds, S.E.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Apr.
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 63 (1): p. 47-54;
1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Manduca sexta; Midgut; Secretion; Trypsin;
Azadirachtin; Allelochemicals; Antifeedants; Growth
inhibitors; Protein digestion; Proteinases
67 NAL Call. No.: SB925.B5
Behavioral and ecological constraints imposed by plants on
insect parasitoids: implications for biological control.
Kester, K.M.; Barbosa, P.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 Aug.
Biological control v. 1 (2): p. 94-106; 1991 Aug. Paper
presented at the "Symposium on Host/Parasitoid Interactions,"
December 3, 1990, New Orleans, Louisiana. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant pests; Cotesia; Manduca sexta; Biological
control; Parasites of insect pests; Allelochemicals;
Adaptation; Nicotine; Trophic levels; Host parasite
relationships; Feeding behavior; Plant composition
68 NAL Call. No.: 450 P5622
beta-(3-isoxazolin-5-on-2-yl)-alanine from Pisum: allelopathic
properties and antimycotic bioassay.
Schenk, S.U.; Werner, D.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Phytochemistry v. 30 (2): p. 467-470; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pisum sativum; Seedlings; Root exudates; Chemical
analysis; Alanine; Derivatives; Allelopathins; Gramineae;
Lactuca sativa; Germinationinhibitors; Growth inhibitors;
Antifungal properties
Abstract: Grasses and Lactuca sativa when germinated in the
presence of the non-protein amino acid beta-(3-isoxazolin-5-
on-2-yl)-alanine (betaIA) from roots and root exudates of pea
seedlings, showed a pronounced reduction of root length and a
necrosis of the root tips. Growth of legume seedlings was only
slightly affected. We suggest the role of this secondary plant
product as an allelochemical. Besides its effect on plant
morphogenesis, betaIA also exhibits an antimycotic activity
towards Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) of 0.5 ppm.
69 NAL Call. No.: QL495.A7
The biochemical and physiological effects of insect hosts on
the development and ecology of their insect parasites: an
overview.
Lawrence, P.O.
New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Liss; 1990.
Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology v. 13 (3/4): p.
217-228; 1990. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Insect pests; Parasites of insect pests; Host
parasite relationships; Allelochemicals; Molting hormones;
Diapause; Metamorphosis
70 NAL Call. No.: 450 P5622
Biochemical basis for the resistance of barley to aphids.
Corcuera, L.J.
Oxford ; New York : Pergamon Press, 1961-; 1993 Jul.
Phytochemistry v. 33 (4): p. 741-747; 1993 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hordeum; Diuraphis; Metopolophium; Rhopalosiphum;
Schizaphis; Sitobion; Insect pests; Pest resistance;
Allelochemicals; Defense mechanisms; Induction; Plant
morphology; Barriers; Environmental factors; Plant nutrition;
Literature reviews
Abstract: Barley plants may be severely damaged by aphids,
mainly because they may transmit viruses, remove essential
nutrients, and disrupt tissues. This review discusses possible
resistance factors of this plant, such as morphological
defences and natural chemicals that have been shown or
suggested to be involved in protection of barley against
aphids. The available evidence for the role played by waxes,
gramine, aconitic acid, phenolics and amino acids is
presented. A discussion is included on other potentially
protective molecules, such as protease inhibitors, that need
to be studied. Environmental stress also affects plant-aphid
interactions because the chemical composition of the plant
changes. Water stress increases susceptibility, and Nacl and
temperature increase resistance to aphids. The compatible
solute glycine betaine, which accumulates under several types
of stress. increases reproduction of aphids. Temperature and
availability of nitrates increase gramine content of the
leaves and. therefore, resistance to the aphids. A summary of
conclusions and future perspectives focuses on the paramount
importance of environmental stress in plant resistance and on
the need to identify inducible resistance factors.
71 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1B5
Biochemical defence of pro-oxidant plant allelochemicals by
herbivorous insects.
Ahmad, S.
Oxford ; New York : Pergamon Press, 1974-; 1992 Jun.
Biochemical systematics and ecology v. 20 (4): p. 269-296;
1992 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant composition; Oxygen; Allelochemicals;
Antioxidants; Papilio polyxenes; Spodoptera eridania;
Trichoplusia ni; Metabolic detoxification; Literature reviews;
Chemical ecology
Abstract: A new aspect of interactions among insect
herbivores and defensive chemistry of plants in the regulation
of oxygen toxicity exerted by pro-oxidant allelochemic is
described. Endogenous oxygen toxicity results from activation
of the ground state of molecular oxygen to the superoxide
anion radical (O2.-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl
radical (.OH), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), and peroxyl
radicals (LO2. or RO2.). The strongly lipid-peroxidizing
singlet oxygen (1 delta g O2) is also produced during light
activation of photosensitizers. Ingestion of pro-oxidants
exacerbates oxygen toxicity by increasing the production of
these deleterious forms of oxygen. The role of ascorbate,
alpha-tocopherol, glutathione, carotenoids and urate as
antioxidants in insects is apparent, but needs more work for
the elucidation of their roles. The major defence mechanism
includes a group of antioxidant enzymes represented by
superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-
transferase's peroxidative activity (GSTPX), glutathione
reductase (GR), and DT-diaphorase. SOD converts O2.- radicals
to H2O2 and 2, CAT decomposes H2O2 to H2O and O2, GSTPX
reduces LOOHs to LOHs with GSH as reductant, and GSSG formed
from GSH during the GSTPX reaction is reduced to GSH by GR.
DT-diaphorase is an important antioxidant in that it reduces
quinones by a two-electron reduction to stable products,
thereby preventing the one-electron reduction to semiquinone
radicals which generate O2 radicals. Therefore, these enzymes
are crucial for insect herbivores for preventing the free-
radical cascade of oxygen, and terminating the toxic lipid
peroxidation chain reaction, in response to the endogenous and
potential exogenous oxidant-induced injury.
72 NAL Call. No.: QL495.A7
Bioengieering of crop plants and resistant biotype evolution
in insects: counteracting coevolution.
Brattsten, L.B.
New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Liss; 1991.
Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology v. 17 (4): p.
253-267; 1991. Paper presented at a symposium on biochemical
strategies of offense and defense at the plant-insect
interface, 1989, San Antonio, Texas. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Insect pests; Pest resistance; Genetic
engineering; Allelochemicals; Insecticide resistance;
Literature reviews
Abstract: The use, as opposed to the procurement, of
transgenic crop plants is discussed in this paper. Transgenic
crop plants must not be used until appropriate strategies for
their use have been designed and not before crop plants with a
variety of insect defenses have been developed. The use of a
crop plant with a single defense will pose as strong a
selection pressure as the use of a single synthetic
insecticide, since insect herbivores are able to evolve
effective counter-defenses. The defenses of insects in natural
plant-insect associations and with regard to synthetic
insecticides are described to demonstrate that there is
nothing unique about insecticide resistance. It is the
inevitable alternative to local extinction in response to a
persistent and predictable selection pressure. Plants
counteract insect defensive evolution by keeping the selection
pressure as variable as possible. This leads to the conclusion
that the best use of biotechnology in crop protection is to
reintroduce chemical diversity into crop plants.
73 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Biological control of Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae)
by Cassia uniflora Mill (Leguminosae), in Bangalore, India.
Joshi, S.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Apr.
Tropical pest management v. 37 (2): p. 182-184; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Karnataka; Parthenium hysterophorus; Weed
control; Biological control; Cassia; Biological control
agents; Competitive ability; Allelopathy; Seeds; Leachates;
Germination inhibitors; Seed germination
74 NAL Call. No.: 450 P5622
Biologically active labdane-type diterpene glycosides from the
root-stalks of Gleichenia japonica.
Munesada, K.; Siddiqui, H.L.; Suga, T.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1992 May.
Phytochemistry v. 31 (5): p. 1533-1536; 1992 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Japan; Gleichenia japonica; Roots; Chemical
composition; Diterpenes; Glycosides; Growth inhibitors;
Allelopathins; Lactuca sativa
Abstract: A glycoside showing a strong growth inhibition of
lettuce was isolated from the root-stalks of Gleichenia
japonica and its structure was established to be the 3-O-
alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)-beta-glucopyranoside of
13-O-7-rhamnopyranosyl-(+)-3 beta-hydroxymanool. In addition,
two related glycosides were also isolated and they were
characterized as the 3-O-beta-fucopyranosyl-(1 leads to
3)-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)-beta-glucopyranoside
of 13-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(+)-3 beta-hydroxymanool and the
13-O-rhamnopyranoside of the same diterpene alcohol. The
diterpene alcohol accelerated the growth of lettuce.
75 NAL Call. No.: SB610.R47
Biology and control of morningglories (Ipomoea spp.).
Elmore, C.D.; Hurst, H.R.; Austin, D.F.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1990.
Reviews of weed science v. 5: p. 83-114. ill; 1990.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ipomoea; Weed biology; Seed germination; Sexual
reproduction; Asexual reproduction; Taxonomy; Keys;
Competitive ability; Allelopathy; Weed control; Perennial
weeds; Annual habit; Chemical control; Biological control;
Literature reviews
76 NAL Call. No.: QK1.C83
Bioregulator-induced changes in allelochemicals and their
effects on plant resistance to pests.
Hedin, P.A.
Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press; 1990.
Critical reviews in plant sciences v. 9 (5): p. 371-379; 1990.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant pests; Pest resistance; Pest control;
Allelochemicals; Plant growth regulators; Chemical analysis;
Insecticidal properties; Plant extracts; Literature reviews
77 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1I66
Brassica alternatives to herbicides and soil fumigants.
Grossman, J.
Berkeley, CA : Bio-Integral Resource Center,; 1993 Jul.
The IPM practitioner : the newsletter of integrated pest
management v. 15 (7): p. 1-10; 1993 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Weed control; Brassica; Biological
control; Live mulches; Allelopathy; Cover crops; Plant disease
control; Pest control; Cultural control; Nematode control;
Green manures; Soil solarization; Plantparasitic nematodes;
Alternative farming
78 NAL Call. No.: 421 En895
Caterpillars' compensatory feeding response to diluted
nutrients leads to toxic allelochemical dose.
Slansky, F. Jr; Wheeler, G.S.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1992 Nov.
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 65 (2): p. 171-186;
1992 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Camellia; Coffea; Hosts of plant pests;
Anticarsia gemmatalis; Larvae; Plant pests; Toxicity;
Allelochemicals; Caffeine; Eating rates; Feeding behavior;
Nutrients
79 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Cell culture bioassay to evaluate allelochemical toxicity to
Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
Stipanovic, R.D.; Elissalde, M.H.; Altman, D.W.; Norman, J.O.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1990 Jun.
Journal of economic entomology v. 83 (3): p. 737-741; 1990
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Toxic exudates; Toxicity; Bioassays;
Pest resistance; Heliothis virescens; Larvae
Abstract: An insect tissue culture bioassay was developed
with an established cell line (BCIRL-HV-AM1) of Heliothis
virescens (F.). This bioassay substantially reduced the time,
material, and experimental error involved in toxicity
evaluations compared with larval-feeding studies with
artificial diets. LD50's of seven terpenes from the cotton
plant (Gossypium spp.) were determined in the tissue culture
bioassay. Various levels of toxicity were observed. Gossypol,
hemigossypolone, and heliocides H1, H2, and H3 had LD50's of
10 to 16 micrograms/ml. For caryophyllene oxide and
caryophyllene, LD50's were 53 micrograms/ml and 221
micrograms/ml, respectively. Comparison of these values with
ED50's obtained in larval-feeding studies validate the cell
bioassay as an effective in vitro assay, for relative
toxicity. Twelve other terpenes of unknown toxicity to H.
virescens also were evaluated.
80 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
Changing perceptions of allelopathy and biological control.
Lovett, J.V.
Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1991.
Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
journal v. 8 (2): p. 89-100; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alternative farming; Sustainability; Farming
systems; Biological control; Allelopathy; Allelochemicals;
Responses; Plant protection; Weed control; Biological control
agents; Mycoherbicides; Cost benefit analysis; Control
methods; Crop production; Reviews
81 NAL Call. No.: 451 L64J
The chemical composition of Astragalus: a comparison of
seleniferous and non-seleniferous plants growing side by side.
Cowgill, U.M.; Landenberger, B.D.
London : Academic Press; 1992 Jun.
Botanical journal of the Linnean Society v. 109 (2): p.
223-234; 1992 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Astragalus; Species; Chemical composition;
Selenium; Phytotoxicity; Allelochemicals; Phenolic acids;
Flavonoids; Allelopathy; Site types
82 NAL Call. No.: SD112.F67
Chemicals in plant protection: Is there a natural
alternative?. Lovett, J.V.
Rotorua : The Institute; 1990.
FRI bulletin - Forest Research Institute, New Zealand Forest
Service (155): p. 57-65; 1990. Paper presented at the
"Conference on Alternatives to the Chemical Control of Weeds,"
held July 25-27, 1989, Rotorua, New Zealand. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant protection; Pesticides; Allelochemicals;
Allelopathy; Integrated pest management
83 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Chemotypes of Cyperus rotundus in Pacific Rim and Basin:
distribution and inhibitory activities of their essential
oils.
Komai, K.; Tang, C.S.; Nishimoto, R.K.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Jan.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (1): p. 1-8; 1991 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cyperus rotundus; Tubers; Chemical composition;
Plant composition; Essential oils; Allelopathy;
Sesquiterpenes; Geographical distribution
Abstract: Four major chemotypes of Cyperus rotundus L.
(purple nutsedge) have been reported based on the composition
of essential oils in mature tubers. Distribution of the H, M,
K, and O type in countries of the Pacific Rim and Basin was
investigated. In general, the H type dominates on the islands
of Japan, and the O type has the widest range of distribution.
The O type also dominates the Pacific Basin islands except for
Hawaii, where the K-type is dominant. Inhibitory activity of
the essential oils from C. rotundus tubers against the
seedling growth of lettuce and oats was in the order of H > M
> K > O. Seven major sesquiterpenes were isolated from the
oils and their inhibitory activities determined. Results
suggest that C. rotundus of different chemotypes may have
different allelopathic activity in the crop-weed interaction.
84 NAL Call. No.: SB951.P49
Comparative metabolism of the phototoxic allelochemical alpha-
terthienyl in three species of lepidopterans.
Iyengar, S.; Arnason, J.T.; Philogene, B.J.R.; Werstiuk, N.H.;
Morand, P. Duluth, Minn. : Academic Press; 1990 Jun.
Pesticide biochemistry and physiology v. 37 (2): p. 154-164;
1990 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Manduca sexta; Heliothis virescens; Ostrinia
nubilalis; Metabolism; Larvae; Allelopathins; Compositae;
Thiophene; Enzyme activity; Metabolites; Oxidoreductases
85 NAL Call. No.: QL495.A7
Comparative processing of allelochemicals in the Papilionidae
(Lepidoptera). Berenbaum, M.R.
New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Liss; 1991.
Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology v. 17 (4): p.
213-221; 1991. Paper presented at a symposium on biochemical
strategies of offense and defense at the plant-insect
interface, 1989, San Antonio, Texas. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Papilionidae; Allelochemicals; Detoxification;
Cytochrome p-450; Coumarins
Abstract: Within the family Papilionidae (Lepidoptera),
species display a broad range of feeding patterns, from
oligophagy on a single hostplant family to polyphagy on over a
dozen families. Accompanying this diversity of feeding
strategies is a diversity of physiological mechanisms for
processing hostplant allelochemicals. Studies on members of
this family as well as other Lepidoptera suggest that
oligophagy is associated with high activity, in addition to
high substrate specificity, of detoxicative enzymes.
86 NAL Call. No.: 381 J8223
Comparative study of proteinase inhibitors in tropical root
crops and survey of allelochemicals in the edible aroids.
Bradbury, J.H.; Hammer, B.C.
Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society; 1990 Jul.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry v. 38 (7): p.
1448-1453; 1990 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alocasia macrorrhiza; Ipomoea batatas;
Cyrtosperma chamissonis; Dioscorea alata; Dioscorea esculenta;
Xanthosoma sagittifolium; Protease inhibitors; Trypsin
inhibitors; Taro; Sweet potatoes; Yams; Resistance to
parasites
87 NAL Call. No.: 450 B6527
Competition and allelopathy in aquatic plant communities.
Gopal, B.; Goel, U.
Bronx, N.Y. : New York Botanical Garden, 1935-; 1993 Jul. The
Botanical review v. 59 (3): p. 155-210; 1993 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Aquatic plants; Allelopathy; Plant communities;
Plant competition; Interactions; Literature reviews
88 NAL Call. No.: 500 OK42
Composition of essential oil from Proboscidea louisianica
(Martyniaceae). Riffle, M.S.; Waller, G.R.; Murray, D.S.
Oklahoma City, Okla. : The Academy; 1991.
Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science v. 71: p.
35-42; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Proboscidea louisianica;
Allelochemicals; Essential oils; Plant composition
89 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Concentration dependency and stage of crop growth in alfalfa
autotoxicity. Hegde, R.S.; Miller, D.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Nov.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (6): p.
940-946; 1992 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Crop residues; Allelochemicals;
Shoots; Phytotoxicity; Seedlings; Seedling emergence; Phenolic
compounds; Phytotoxins; Characterization; Identification
Abstract: Shoots of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) contain
water-soluble chemical compounds which are autotoxic, i.e.,
inhibit the growth of alfalfa itself. The objectives of this
study were to (i) determine the inhibition threshold of the
water-soluble chemical compounds (autotoxic principle), and
(ii) demonstrate that the inhibition of seed germination on
early seedling growth of alfalfa is due to autotoxinic
compounds from alfalfa shoots and not from microbes. A farmer
must make a decision on whether or not it would be advisable
to replant alfalfa based on the level of alfalfa residue still
growing in the field. Laboratory and greenhouse studies were
conducted to determine if autotoxicity in alfalfa due to
water-soluble compounds is concentration dependent. Filter-
sterilized and non-filter-sterilized shoot aqueous extracts
from vegetative and reproductive stages of 'WL-316' alfalfa
were assayed at 20, 40, 60, and 80 g L-1 (fresh shoot weight
basis) for their effect on seed germination and root and shoot
elongation of seedlings of WL-316 alfalfa in a growth chamber.
Compared with the control, root length, shoot length, and
germination were inhibited beyond 20 g L-1 concentration.
Shoot extract from the reproductive stage was more inhibitory
than from the vegetative stage under laboratory conditions. In
the greenhouse, incorporation of 4-wk-old green herbage from
vegetative stage beyond 48 shoots per square meter level
resulted in severe reductions in seedling emergence and plant
fresh weight per unit area. Among the several phenolic
compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root and shoot
growth of alfalfa, coumarin and trans-cinnamic acid at 60 +/-
10 micrograms mL-1 were the most inhibitory. Mixtures of five
or more phenolic acids were more phytotoxic than their
respective individual components except in the case of trans-
cinnamic acid and coumarin. Autotoxicity in alfalfa may be
caused by an interaction of many, yet uncharacterized chemical
compounds present in shoots
90 NAL Call. No.: 421 EN895
The contribution of symbiotic yeast to toxin resistance of the
cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne).
Dowd, P.F.; Shen, S.K.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1990 Sep.
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 56 (3): p. 241-248.
ill; 1990 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lasioderma serRicorne; Larvae; Mortality;
Detoxification; Allelochemicals; Flavonoids; Phenolic
compounds; Phytotoxins; Resistance; Symbionts; Yeasts
91 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Crop residue reduces jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica)
seedling growth. Anderson, R.L.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993
Jul. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 7 (3): p. 717-722; 1993 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Colorado; Cabt; Triticum aestivum; Cultural weed
control; Aegilops cylindrica; Allelopathy; Crop residues; Zea
mays; Carthamus tinctorius; Panicum miliaceum; Sorghum
bicolor; Nitrogen fertilizers; Immobilization; Nitrogen;
Integrated control; Chemical control; Seedling stage;
Triazinoneherbicides
92 NAL Call. No.: QK1.C83
Crop rotation.
Bullock, D.G.
Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press; 1992.
Critical reviews in plant sciences v. 11 (4): p. 309-326;
1992. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rotations; Soil fertility; Cover crops;
Sustainability; Soil organic matter; Soil structure; Erosion;
Soil flora; Soil fauna; Insect pests; Allelopathy; Literature
reviews
93 NAL Call. No.: QH540.E23
Crop rotation and intercropping strategies for weed
management. Liebman, M.; Dyck, E.
Tempe, Ariz. : Ecological Society of America; 1993 Feb.
Ecological applications v. 3 (1): p. 92-122; 1993 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Weeds; Cultural weed control; Weed biology;
Rotations; Intercropping; Seed banks; Plant density; Crop weed
competition; Allelopathy
94 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Defensive role of Allium sulfur compounds for leek moth
Acrolepiopsis assectella Z. (Lepidoptera) against generalist
predators. Nowbahari, B.; Thibout, E.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Publishing Corporation; 1992 Nov.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 18 (11): p. 1991-2002; 1992
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Allium; Plant composition; Defense;
Allelochemicals; Acrolepiopsis assectella; Organic sulfur
compounds; Volatile compounds; Formica fusca; Formica; Insect
control
Abstract: It has been shown previously that sulfur volatiles
produced by Allium plants affect the behavior of their
specialist phytophages and of their specialist entomophages.
The action of these compounds in protecting the leek moth
Acrolepiopsis assectella against generalist entomophages was
studied in comparison to the proposed original defensive role
of these compounds against generalist herbivorous insects. Two
ants species, Formica selysi and F. fusca, were used as
generalist predators. Six behavioral criteria of the predatory
behavior of the ants were studied in presence of the last-
instar caterpillars (C5). C5 reared on artificial diets with
or without leek components were tested, as well as C5 soaked
in frass of leek-reared caterpillars or disulfide solutions.
In addition, the response of the ants to pure chemicals found
in leek was studied using honey solutions with or without
sulfur compounds. The sulfur allelochemicals of Allium plants
have a negative action on predatory ants. Interestingly, the
nonvolatile precursors of sulfur volatiles of Allium plants
seem to have a protective role for their phytophagous insects
against generalist entomophages.
95 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Delayed seeding of alfalfa avoids autotoxicity after plowing
or glyphosate treatment of established stands.
Tesar, M.B.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993
Mar. Agronomy journal v. 85 (2): p. 256-263; 1993 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Cabt; Medicago sativa; Allelopathy;
Phytotoxicity; Continuous cropping; Sowing; Plowing;
Glyphosate; Poa pratensis; Zea mays; Fallow; Seedlings;
Density; Crop yield
Abstract: Re-establishment of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
has often been unsuccessful because of autotoxic effects of
the crop on seedlings. This study was conducted at East
Lansing, MI on an Udallic Ochraqualfs, fine loamy, mixed,
mesic soil. The first objective was to determine the days
required to eliminate autotoxic effects for l-, 4-, and 6-yr-
old stands of alfalfa with 1.4 Mg ha-1 dry weight of topgrowth
after treatments of plowing or glyphosate [N-
(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. The second objective was to
determine autotoxic effects of 1.4, 2.7, and 4.0 Mg ha-1 dry
weight of topgrowth from year-old alfalfa plowed prior to
seeding the same day. Check treatments were seedings after
plowed Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), corn (Zea mays
L.), or fallow. Alfalfa was seeded for Objective 1 on 23 June
1982, 12 d after plowing alfalfa and 19 d after glyphosate
application on 6-yr-old alfalfa; on 5 June 1984 and 29 May
1985, 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 195 d (29 May 1985 only) after
plowing alfalfa or glyphosate application on year-old alfalfa;
and on 11 June 1986, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d after plowing alfalfa
or glyphosate application on 4-yr-old alfalfa. Seedings for
Objective 2 were made on 5 June 1984. Densities and yields of
seedings equaled checks when made at least 14 d after plowing
alfalfa or 21 d after glyphosate application on established
alfalfa. Seedling densities were similar, but lower than the
check, after three levels of alfalfa topgrowth were plowed and
seeded the same day. Results indicate alfalfa can be re-
established without significant autotoxicity if seedings are
made at least 2 wk after plowing or 3 wk after glyphosate
application on established alfalfa or after seeding failure.
For maximum killing of old alfalfa and to avoid autotoxicity,
plowing of alfalfa and seeding at least 2 wk after plowing, or
early-fall or spring glyphosate application on alfalfa
followed by no-till seeding at least 3 wk after glyphosate
application, are recommended.
96 NAL Call. No.: QK861.M63
The determination of the allelopathic potential of pollen and
nectar. Murphy, S.D.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer-Verlag; 1992.
Modern methods of plant analysis v. 13: p. 333-357; 1992. In
the series analytic: Plant toxin analysis / edited by H.F.
Linskens and J.F. Jackson. Literature review. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plant interaction; Allelopathins; Pollen; Nectar;
Phytotoxicity; Isolation techniques; Bioassays; Chemical
analysis; Literature reviews
97 NAL Call. No.: 421 EN895
Detoxification spectrum of the cigarette beetle symbiont
Symbiotaphrina kochii in culture.
Shen, S.K.; Dowd, P.F.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991 Jul.
Entomologia experimentalis et applicata v. 60 (1): p. 51-59;
1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lasioderma serRicorne; Pesticide resistance;
Symbionts; Yeasts; Hydrolases; Transferases; Allelochemicals;
Microbial degradation; Mycotoxins; Pesticides; Detoxification
98 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Devil's-claw (Proboscidea louisianica), essential oil and its
components: potential allelochemical agents on cotton and
wheat.
Riffle, M.S.; Waller, G.R.; Murray, D.S.; Sgaramello, R.P. New
York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Jun.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (6): p. 1927-1940; 1990 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Proboscidea (martyniaceae); Essential oils;
Chemical composition; Allelopathy; Germination; Phytotoxicity;
Gossypium hirsutum; Triticumaestivum; Insect control;
Biological control
Abstract: The potential allelopathic activity of devil's-claw
[Proboscidea louisianica (Mill.) Thellung] essential oil and a
few of the compounds it contains on the elongation of cotton
(Gossypium hirsutum L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
radicles was studied using a Petri dish bioassay. Essential
oil was collected by steam distillation using an all-glass-
Teflon assembly. Ether extracts of the steam distillates from
fresh devil's-claw were inhibitory to cotton and wheat radicle
elongation. The following six components of devil's-claw
essential oil identified by CGC-MS-DS were inhibitory to
cotton and/or wheat at a concentration of 1 mM: vanillin,
piperitenone, delta-cadinene, p-cymen-9-ol, alpha-bisabolol,
and phenethyl alcohol.
99 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Difference in hydroxamic acid content in roots and root
exudates of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale
cereale L.): possible role in allelopathy.
Perez, F.J.; Ormeno-Nunez, J.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Jun.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (6): p. 1037-1043; 1991 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Secale cereale; Root exudates;
Allelopathy; Chemical composition; Bioassays; Weed control;
Biological control
Abstract: Hydroxamic acids (Hx) produced by some cereal crops
have been associated with allelopathy. However, the release of
Hx to the soil by the producing plant--an essential condition
for a compound to be involved in allelopathy--has not been
shown. GC and HPLC analysis of roots and root exudates of
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.)
cultivars, with high Hx levels in their leaves, demonstrated
the presence of these compounds in the roots of all cultivars
analyzed and in root exudates of rye. Moreover, bioassays
employing root exudates collected from wheat and rye seedlings
demonstrated that only rye exudates inhibited root growth of
wild oats, Avena fatua L., a weed whose root growth is
inhibited by Hx. These results suggest that rye could
potentially interfere with the growth of Avena fatua in nature
and that this interference could be due to the release of Hx
to the soil by way of roots.
100 NAL Call. No.: QP501.C6
Differences in cytochrome p450 activities in tobacco budworm
larvae as influenced by resistance to host plant
allelochemicals and induction. Rose, R.L.; Gould, F.; Levi,
P.E.; Hodgson, E.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology : B : Comparative
biochemistry v. 99 (3): p. 535-540; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heliothis virescens; Larvae; Strains; Cytochrome
p-450; Oxygenases; Isoenzymes; Enzyme activity; 2-tridecanone;
Nicotine; Quercetin; Resistance; Induction; Resistance
mechanisms; Oxidation; Metabolism; Substrates
Abstract: 1. Nicotine and 2-tridecanone resistant strains of
the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F), had elevated
cytochrome P450 content and significant increases in
metabolism of five of six monooxygenase substrates relative to
two susceptible strains. 2. Resistance to quercetin did not
result in an increase in cytochrome P450 content; however,
significant increases in metabolism were observed for two
monooxygenase substrates. 3. P450 content was significantly
induced by nicotine and 2-tridecanone, but not by quercetin.
4. Patterns of substrate oxidations varied between strains and
inducing agents, suggesting that different isozymes of P450
are associated with resistance and induction.
101 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Differential allelochemical detoxification mechanism in tissue
cultures of Antennaria microphylla and Euphorbia esula.
Hogan, M.E.; Manner, G.D.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Jan.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (1): p. 167-174; 1991 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Antennaria microphylla; Euphorbia esula; Cell
suspensions; Callus; Allelochemicals; Hydroquinone; Metabolic
detoxification
Abstract: Callus and suspension cultures of Antennaria
microphylla (small everlasting) and the noxious weed Euphorbia
esula (leafy spurge) can glucosylate benzene-1,4-diol
(hydroquinone) to the corresponding monoglucoside, arbutin.
HPLC analysis of extracts from callus tissue corroborates the
presence of hydroquinone in the cells of small everlasting.
Constitutive levels of a UDPG-dependent glucosyltransferase
were detected in cell-free extracts of this tissue. Although
this detoxification enzyme was induced in leafy spurge
suspension culture cells grown in the presence of
hydroquinone, the activity was six-fold lower than that
measured in small everlasting. Differential ability to
detoxify hydroquinone provides a basis for the observed
allelopathic interaction between small everlasting and leafy
spurge.
102 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Differential inhibition of seed germination by sweetpotato
(Ipomoea batatas) root periderm extracts.
Peterson, J.K.; Harrison, H.F. Jr
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1991 Jan.
Weed science v. 39 (1): p. 119-123; 1991 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ipomoea batatas; Competitive ability; Abutilon
theophrasti; Amaranthus retroflexus; Cassia occidentalis;
Eclipta alba; Eleusine indica; Pharbitis purpurea; Panicum
miliaceum; Solanum nigrum; Seed germination; Germination
inhibitors; Allelopathins; Periderm; Sweet potato extract;
Bioassays; Allelopathy; Crop weed competition
Abstract: The effect of sequential hexane, ethyl acetate, and
aqueous methanol extracts of 'Regal' sweetpotato periderm on
seed germination of sweetpotato, proso millet, and seven weed
species was studied. The hexane extract, which contained the
nonpolar components of the periderm tissue, was least
inhibitory. It inhibited velvetleaf, proso millet, black
nightshade, and redroot pigweed germination, and maximum
inhibition was 56% for black nightshade at 200 mg of periderm
extracted ml-1. The ethyl acetate fraction was inhibitory to
proso millet, velvetleaf, black nightshade, goosegrass, tall
morningglory, coffee senna, and redroot pigweed. The estimated
I50(3) for ethyl acetate ranged from 17 mg periderm extracted
ml-1 for black nightshade to 201 mg ml-1 for coffee senna.
Sweetpotato, tall morningglory, and eclipta germination was
not inhibited by this extract at the concentrations tested.
The aqueous methanol extract was much more inhibitory than the
hexane or ethyl acetate extracts, and there was considerable
variation between species in response to this extract The I50
estimates for the aqueous methanol extract were 0.5, 0.6, 2.8,
4.4, 5.1, 9.6, 15.7, 21.0, and 25.8 mg ml-1 for velvetleaf,
proso millet, black nightshade, goosegrass, sweetpotato, tall
morningglory, eclipta, coffee senna, and pigweed,
respectively.
103 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
Differential response of wheat to retained crop stubbles. I.
Effect of stubble type and degree of decomposition.
Purvis, C.E.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization; 1990.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 41 (2): p.
225-242. ill; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; Triticum aestivum; Sowing date;
Yield response functions; Phytotoxicity; Stubble mulching;
Allelopathy
104 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
Differential response of wheat to retained crop stubbles. II.
Other factors influencing allelopathic potential;
intraspecific variation, soil type and stubble quantity.
Purvis, C.E.; Jones, G.P.D.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization; 1990.
Australian journal of agricultural research v. 41 (2): p.
243-251; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; Triticum aestivum; Yield
response functions; Allelopathy; Growth; Inhibition;
Phytotoxicity; Seedling emergence; Soil types; Stubble
mulching
105 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Do defoliation and subsequent phytochemical responses reduce
future herbivory on oak trees?.
Faeth, S.H.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Publishing Corporation; 1992 Jun.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 18 (6): p. 915-925; 1992 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Quercus; Defoliation; Responses; Chemical
composition; Leaves; Tannins; Protein content;
Allelochemicals; Defense; Chemical ecology
Abstract: Perennial plants are thought to respond to partial
or complete defoliation by producing new foliage that is less
susceptible to herbivores because of induction of
allelochemicals. Here, I tested this hypothesis by manually
removing primary foliage from branches of Quercus emoryi
(Fagaceae) at two different times in the season and monitoring
changes in protein and tannin levels and the amount of
herbivory relative to control branches. New, secondary leaves
had 2.5 X greater hydrolyzable tannin content than mature
foliage of control branches. Condensed tannins, which
constitute a relatively low fraction of leaf mass, were lower,
while protein content was temporarily greater, in new
secondary leaves relative to mature leaves. Despite large
increases in hydrolyzable tannins, herbivory levels were
greater on refoliated branches than on control branches. New
foliage is susceptible to herbivory regardless of when it is
produced in the season, possibly because lower toughness and
higher water content override any induced or developmentally
related changes in allelochemistry. My results do not support
the hypothesis that postherbivore changes in phytochemistry
protect perennial plants from future herbivory, at least
within a growing season.
106 NAL Call. No.: 450 J829
Dynamics of associations between plants in ten old fields
during 31 years of succession.
Myster, R.W.; Pickett, S.T.A.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific; 1992.
Journal of ecology v. 80 (2): p. 291-302; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Jersey; Plant succession; Old fields;
Community ecology; Plant ecology; Plant competition;
Allelopathy
Abstract: The pattern of significant associations between
plants was examined in ten old fields during 31 years of
succession by calculating rank correlations for species pairs
in each old field during each sample year. Three hypotheses
were tested concerning the dynamics of species interactions
through succession, and correspondence was explored between
the pattern of association and published results from field
and glasshouse experiments. The proportion, number and level
of significance of associations between plants all declined
with time. Annuals and biennials had a higher portion of
significant associations and more positive associations than
perennial species. Plant species involved in many, significant
associations and implicated as actively interacting with other
species were generally neither native nor the most abundant.
Seventy per cent of the species analysed in the present study,
that had also been used in field and glasshouse experiments
demonstrating competition reported in the literature, were
involved in significant and repeated negative pairwise
associations. However, only 33% of species used in field and
glasshouse experiments demonstrating allelopathy showed such
correspondence. Grasses may be major inhibitory species
because they were involved in many significant negative plant
associations although they did not achieve high abundance in
these old fields. Lonicera japonica and Rosa multiflora were
woody species involved in many negative associations and may
play major roles by inhibiting later successional species.
Investigations into the role of species interactions during
succession may focus productively on those relatively few
species that are strongly associated. The timing and the
consequences of these associations may illumunate how
interaction mechanisms such as competition and alleopathy
structure successions.
107 NAL Call. No.: 450 AM36
The ecological impact of allelopathy in Ailanthus altissima
(Simaroubaceae). Lawrence, J.G.; Colwell, A.; Sexton, O.J.
Columbus, Ohio : Botanical Society of America; 1991 Jul.
American journal of botany v. 78 (7): p. 948-958; 1991 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Missouri; Ailanthus altissima; Allelopathy; Plant
communities; Growth inhibitors; Species diversity; Toxicity;
Environmental factors
Abstract: Compounds inhibitory to the growth of neighboring
plant species were found in significant concentrations in the
leaves and stems of young Ailanthus altissima ramets. The
surrounding soil also contained appreciable concentrations of
similarly acting toxins. Individuals of neighboring plant
species have either incorporated active portions of inhibitory
compounds or responded to Ailanthus by producing growth-
inhibiting substances. Under greenhouse conditions,
individuals of neighboring plant species previously unexposed
to Ailanthus in the field were found to be more susceptible to
the Ailanthus toxins than individuals previously exposed.
Moreover, seeds produced by unexposed populations were also
more susceptible to Ailanthus toxins than seeds produced by
previously exposed populations. These differences demonstrated
that the allelochemicals of Ailanthus altissima exhibited a
measurable impact upon neighboring plant species. Since the
progeny of these populations displayed a differential response
to Ailanthus toxin, this phenotypic difference between the two
populations may have a heritable basis.
108 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Effect of apiforol and apigeninidin on growth of selected
fungi. Schutt, C.; Netzly, D.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Nov.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (11): p. 2261-2266; 1991
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sorghum bicolor; Disease resistance; Allelopathy;
Seeds; Plant composition; Antifungal properties
Abstract: Selected fungi were grown on agar plates in the
presence of naringenin, apiforol, apiforol 7-O-
rhamnoglucoside, or apigeninidin. Of the four compounds
tested, only apigeninidin inhibited the growth of Fusarium
oxysporum, Gibberella zeae, Gliocladium roseum, Alternaria
solani, and Phytophthora infestans. In contrast, the growth of
Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Rhizopus
stolonifer (- and +) was not effected by any compound. Since
apigeninidin is present in seeds of Sorghum sp., we
hypothesize that apigeninidin may play a role in mold
resistance and that apiforol accumulates as a biosynthetic
precursor of apigeninidin, not as a fungal de