TITLE:  Control of Plant Diseases and Pests:  Horticultural Crops
 PUBLICATION DATE: October 1996
 ENTRY DATE: October 22, 1996
 EXPIRATION DATE: None
 UPDATE FREQUENCY: Periodically
 CONTACT: Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, 
      National Agricultural Library
      Agricultural Research Service
           U. S. Department of Agriculture
      10301 Baltimore Ave., Room 132
      Beltsville MD 20705-2351
      phone 301-504-6559
      fax 301-504-6409
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 DOCUMENT TYPE: Text


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          IPM AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT DISEASES 
                 AND PESTS:  HORTICULTURAL CROPS
 
 JANUARY 1994 - JUNE 1996
 219 citations from AGRICOLA
 by Mary V. Gold
 (This bibliography updates Quick Bibliography 94-12 which covers the above topic from 1992
 through 1993.)
 
 1.   NAL Call No.:  S605.5.O74
 10 pests and their natural enemies.
 Poncavage, J. Org-gard v.43(5): p.41-46. (1996 May-1996 June)
 Descriptors:  horticultural-crops; plant-pests; pest-control; biological-control;
 biological-control-agents
 
 2.   NAL Call No.:  S544.3.N6N62
 1994 Peanuts.
 Sullivan, G. A.; Ferguson, J. M.; Linker, H. M.; Mueller, J. P.; York, A. C.; Yelverton, F. H.;
 Brandenburg, R. L.; Brown, A. B.; Bailey, J. E.; Perry, K. B.; Roberson, G. T.
 AG-NC-Agric-Ext-Serv. Raleigh : North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service  v.331,
 rev.p.110 (1994 Jan.)
 Descriptors:  arachis-hypogaea; crop-production; world-markets; federal-programs;
 production-costs; weather-data; sustainability-; integrated-pest- management; weed-control;
 plant-disease-control; water-quality; pesticides-; north-carolina
 
 3.   NAL Call No.:  275.29-W27P
 1994 Pest Management Guide for commercial small fruits.
 Ext-bull-Wash-State-Univ,-Coop-Ext. Pullman, Wash. : The Extension  v.149, rev.p.48 (1994)
 Descriptors:  vaccinium-; rubus-idaeus; fragaria-; pests-; pesticides-;
 integrated-pest-management; safety-; hazards-; poisoning-; symptoms-; regulations- ; handling-;
 transport-; storage-; disposal-; application-; application-date; guidelines-; plant-disease-control;
 environmental-protection
 
 4.   NAL Call No.:  S67.P82
 1995 Insect control guide.
 Pub-La-Coop-Ext-Serv. [Baton Rouge, La.?] : Cooperative Extension Service, Center for
 Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development,  Louisiana State University & Agricultural &
 Mechanical College  v.1838, rev.p.186 (1995 Apr.)
 Descriptors:  insect-pests; rodents-; chemical-control; field-crops; ornamental-plants; trees-;
 livestock-; stored-products; insecticides-; application- methods; application-rates;
 biological-control-agents; insect-traps; application-date; greenhouses-; domestic-gardens;
 identification-; safety-at- work; economic-thresholds; toxicity-; louisiana-
 
 5.   NAL Call No.:  420-K13
 Abundance and seasonal activity of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a raspberry
 plantation and adjacent sites in southern Quebec  (Canada).
 Levesque, C.; Levesque, G. Y. J-Kans-Entomol-Soc v.67(1): p.73-101. (1994 Jan.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  rubus-idaeus; carabidae-; population-density; seasonality-; predators-of-insect-pests
 
 6.   NAL Call No.:  80-Ac82
 Accumulation of phytoalexins scoparone and scopoletin in citrus fruits subjected to various
 postharvest treatments.
 Rodov, V.; D'hallewin, G.; Castia, T. Acta-hortic (381): p.517-523. (1994 Dec.)
 Paper presented at the International Symposium on Natural Phenols in Plant Resistance, Volume
 II, September 13-17, 1993,  Weihenstephan, Germany.
 Descriptors:  citrus-; postharvest-decay; postharvest-treatment; heat-treatment;
 ultraviolet-radiation; biological-control-agents; phytoalexins-; concentration-; plant-diseases
 
 7.   NAL Call No.:  421-An72
 Acremonium endophyte interactions with enhanced plant resistance to insects.
 Breen, J. P. Annu-rev-entomol. Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc. v.39p.401-423 (1994)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  acremonium-; endophytes-; host-plants; mutualism-; pathogenicity-;
 geographical-distribution; taxonomy-; infection-; pest-resistance; insect-pests; allelochemicals-;
 disease-resistance; strain-differences; grasses-; lawns-and-turf; cultivars-; biological-control;
 insect-control; pastures-; livestock-; poisoning-; literature-reviews
 
 8.   NAL Call No.:  SB945.F8F79-1996
 Action programs against fruit flies of economic importance: session overview.
 Hendrichs, J. Fruit fly pests  a world assessment of their biology and management / p.513-519.
 (1996)
 Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance
 held June 5-10, 1994, Sand Key, Florida.
 Descriptors:  tephritidae-; insect-pests; insect-control; control-programs; orchards-;
 integrated-control; integrated-pest-management; disinfestation-; quarantine-;
 sterile-insect-release
 
 9.   NAL Call No.:  HD101.S6
 The adoption of IPM techniques by vegetable growers in Florida, Michigan and Texas.
 Fernandez Cornejo, J.; Beach, E. D.; Huang, W. Y. J-agric-appl-econ v.26(1): p.158-172. (1994
 July)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  vegetables-; integrated-pest-management; innovation-adoption; farm-management;
 risk-; florida-; michigan-; texas-
 
 Abstract:  Abstract: Factors influencing the adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IP)
 techniques are studied using survey data from individual  vegetable producers from Florida,
 Michigan, and Texas. Farmers who adopt IPM tend to be less risk averse and use more
 managerial time on  farm activities than nonadopters. Adopters are also more likely to operate
 large, irrigated farms and use more family labor. Locational factors  and the type of crop grown
 are also influential in IPM adoption. The analysis uses a logit framework and introduces adopter
 categories first  conceptualized by rural sociologists.
 
 10.  NAL Call No.:  100-C12Cag
 Almond growers reduce pesticide use in Merced County field trials.
 Hendricks, L. C. Calif-agric v.49(1): p.5-10. (1995 Jan.-1995 Feb.)
 Descriptors:  orchards-; pest-management; prunus-dulcis; insecticides-; insect-pests;
 beneficial-insects; soil-organic-matter; soil-fertility; oligochaeta-; parasites-of-insect-pests;
 crop-yield; california-
 
 11.  NAL Call No.:  275.29-M381Fr
 Apple integrated pest management in 1993: Insects and mites in second-level orchard blocks.
 Mason, J.; Prokopy, R.; Wright, S.; Goodall, S.; Jones, K.; Ma, Y.; Mohr, V.; Nogaki, M.
 Fruit-notes v.59(1): p.1-7. (1994 Winter)
 Descriptors:  integrated-pest-management; meadow-orchards; crop-damage; insect-pests; acari-;
 insecticides-; acaricides-; natural-enemies; massachusetts-
 
 12.  NAL Call No.:  275.29-M381Fr
 Apple integrated pest management in 1994: insects and mites in second-level orchard blocks.
 Mason, J.; Prokopy, R.; Wright, S.; Black, J.; Chang, C.; Cook, J.; Goodall, S.; Ma, Y.
 Fruit-notes v.60(1): p.1-7. (1995 Winter)
 Descriptors:  malus-pumila; integrated-pest-management; pesticides-; insect-pests; mites-;
 natural-enemies; beneficial-insects; parasitoids-; massachusetts-
 
 13.  NAL Call No.:  275.29-M381Fr
 Apple orchards in Switzerland: differences small and large.
 Weber, D. C. Fruit-notes v.59(3): p.22-25. (1994 Summer)
 Descriptors:  orchards-; crop-production; varieties-; cultivars-; fruit-trees; subsidies-;
 insect-growth-regulators; tortricidae-; dysaphis-; integrated-pest- management; switzerland-
 
 14.  NAL Call No.:  1.9-P69P
 Application of antitranspirant and reduced rate fungicide combinations for fruit rot management
 in cranberries.
 Sandler, H. A. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]  v.79
 (9)p.956-961 (1995 Sept.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  vaccinium-macrocarpon; phyllosticta-; physalospora-; deuteromycotina-;
 helotiales-; phomopsis-; glomerella-cingulata; fungal-diseases; plant-disease-control;
 chlorothalonil-; antitranspirants-; adjuvants-; mixtures-; integrated-pest-management;
 phyllosticta-vaccinii; physalospora-vaccinii; phomopsis-vaccinii; coleophoma-empetri;
 godronia-cassandrae
 
 Abstract:  Studies were conducted over a 3-year period to evaluate the efficacy of reduced rate
 combinations of chlorothalonil and an antitranspirant  (AT), Wilt-Pruf, for control of fruit rot in
 cranberries. Several reduced rate combinations provided control comparable to that with the
 fungicide  used alone at suggested label rates of 0.76 to 1.34 liters/ha (4 to 7 pt/A) in field trials.
 In two trials, higher concentrations of the AT (3 to 5%)  had a detrimental effect on total and
 usable yield at higher fungicide rates. The lowest rate of chlorothalonil that can be effectively
 used in  combination with any tested rate of Wilt-Pruf is 0.76 liters/ha (4 pt/A). Using 0 or 0.38
 liters/ha (0 or 2 pt/A) with any tested rate of the AT  inadequately protected the berries against
 fruit rot infection. The incorporation of reduced rate combinations may offer the management 
 advantage of lowered environmental risk per fungicide application in certain situations.
 
 15.  NAL Call No.:  SB925.B5
 Application of Candida guilliermondii in commercial citrus coatings for biocontrol of
 Penicillium digitatum on grapefruits.
 McGuire, R. G. Biol-control v.4(1): p.1-7. (1994 Mar.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  grapefruits-; citrus-paradisi; penicillium-digitatum; plant-disease-control;
 biological-control; candida-guilliermondii; protective-coatings; mixtures-;
 biological-control-agents; fungal-antagonists; storage-decay; postharvest-treatment
 
 16.  NAL Call No.:  S542.A8A34
 Application of Candida guilliermondii in commercial citrus waxes for biocontrol of Pencillium
 on grapefruit.
 McGuire, R. G. ACIAR-proc (50): p.464-468. (1994)
 In the series analytic: Postharvest handling of tropical fruits / edited by B.R. Champ, E. Highley,
 and G.I. Johnson.
 Descriptors:  grapefruits-; penicillium-; candida-guilliermondii; fungal-antagonists;
 fungus-control; biological-control; efficacy-; postharvest-decay; postharvest-treatment;
 wax-coatings
 
 17.  NAL Call No.:  SB925.B5
 Bacillus thuringiensis strain Buibui for control of cupreous chafer, Anomala cuprea (Coleoptera:
 Scarabaeidae), in turfgrass and sweet  potato.
 Suzuki, N.; Hori, H.; Tachibana, M.; Asano, S. Biol-control. Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press, Inc. 
 v.4 (4)p.361-365 (1994 Dec.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  lawns-and-turf; grasses-; ipomoea-batatas; insect-pests; anomala-cuprea;
 insect-control; larvae-; biological-control; biological-control- agents; bacillus-thuringiensis;
 strains-; bacterial-toxins; efficacy-; developmental-stages
 
 Abstract:  The efficacy of the toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar japonensis (strain
 Buibui), which is specific to scarabaeid larvae, was  evaluated in turfgrass pots. The toxin
 controlled first and second instars of the cupreous chafer, Anomala cuprea, at 2 mg protein/pot
 and the  greenness of the turfgrass did not deteriorate. On the other hand, the efficacy against the
 third instar was less than that against the first and  second instars, and the greenness and dry
 weight of the turfgrass were reduced. However, the mortality against the third instar was 48% 
 compared with 8% for the control. In the field, the effectiveness of the Buibui toxin was
 evaluated in sweet potato plots. The ratio of damaged  potatoes in the treated plots with the
 Buibui toxin was 31% compared with 69% for the control plots. The index of damage to sweet
 potato in  the treated and untreated plots was 23 and 55, respectively.  These results suggest that
 the toxin at 100 mg/m2 effectively controlled the  cupreous chafer in the sweet potato fields.
 
 18.  NAL Call No.:  SB945.F8F79-1996
 Behavioral control of apple maggot flies.
 Prokopy, R. J.; Mason, J. Fruit fly pests  a world assessment of their biology and management /
 p.555-559. (1996)
 Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance
 held June 5-10, 1994, Sand Key, Florida.
 Descriptors:  rhagoletis-pomonella; insect-control; integrated-pest-management;
 colored-sticky-traps; insect-attractants; orchards-; malus-pumila; massachusetts-;
 butyl-hexanoate
 
 19.  NAL Call No.:  QL461.E532
 Behaviors of female Eretmocerus sp. nr. californicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) attacking
 Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)  on sweet potato.
 Headrick, D. H.; Bellows, T. S. Jr.; Perring, T. M. Environ-entomol v.24(2): p.412-422. (1995
 Apr.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  eretmocerus-; females-; biological-control-agents; parasitoids-; searching-behavior;
 locomotion-; behavior-patterns; bemisia-; nymphs-; oviposition-; feeding-behavior;
 ipomoea-batatas
 
 Abstract:  Behaviors of Eretmocerus sp. nr. californicus Howard females on Bemisia argentifolii
 Bellows & Perring infesting sweet potato, Ipomoea  batatas (L.) Lam, were described and
 quantified. Waling speeds of up to 1.3 mm/s were calculated for females searching for host
 whitefly  nymphs on sweet potato leaves. Females encountered all host stages during searching
 with approximately the same relative frequency as their  relative abundance (average of 17.03%
 of hosts available were encountered). Females also arrested and antennated all of the host stages
 with  the same relative frequency as their encounter rate (62.8%). Females showed a clear and
 significant preference for probing second instars over  all other stages. Of the hosts probed,
 females chose all stages for oviposition with the same relative frequency. Successful exsertion of
 the  ovipositor under a host nymph occurred after initial probes 12 times and after repeated
 probing attempts 15 times. Oviposition occurred under  13.5% of the hosts assessed by
 antennation; however, 20 of the 27 (74%) nymphs under which the ovipositor was exserted
 received an egg.  Females spent 41% of the total time in searching, host assessment, probing, and
 oviposition; the remainder of the time (59%) was spent host  feeding, grooming, and resting.
 
 20.  NAL Call No.:  S544.3.N6N62
 Bermudagrass, Centipedegrass, Zoysiagrass, and St. Augustinegrass.
 Lucas, L. T.; Bruneau, A. H. AG-NC-Agric-Ext-Serv. Raleigh : North Carolina Agricultural
 Extension Service  v.360, rev.p.4 (1994 Apr.)
 Descriptors:  zoysia-japonica; stenotaphrum-secundatum; lawns-and-turf; plant-diseases;
 symptoms-; plant-disease-control; integrated-pest-management
 
 21.  NAL Call No.:  S544.3.N6N62
 Bermudagrass: lawn and maintenance calendar.
 Bruneau, A. H.; Lucas, L. T.; Lewis, W. M.; Brandenburg, R. L.; Peacock, C. H.
 AG-NC-Agric-Ext-Serv. Raleigh : North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service  v.431, rev.p.4
 (1994 Jan.)
 Descriptors:  cynodon-dactylon; mowing-; fertilizers-; irrigation-; soil-types-textural;
 integrated-pest-management; weed-control; insect-control; application-date
 
 22.  NAL Call No.:  1.98-Ag84
 Beyond methyl bromide.
 Wood, M.; Stelljes, K. B.; Senft, D. Agric-res v.43(1): p.14-18. (1995 Jan.)
 Descriptors:  methyl-bromide; ozone-depletion; temperate-fruits; plodia-interpunctella;
 amyelois-transitella; cydia-pomonella; soil-fumigation; controlled-atmosphere-storage;
 biological-control-agents; habrobrachon-hebetor
 
 23.  NAL Call No.:  QD415.A1J6
 A bioassay system for collecting volatiles while simultaneously attracting tephritid fruit flies.
 Heath, R. R.; Manukian, A.; Epsky, N. D.; Sivinski, J.; Calkins, C. O.; Landolt, P. J. J-chem-ecol
 v.19(10): p.2395-2410. (1994 Oct.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  anastrepha-suspensa; monitoring-; volatile-compounds; insect-attractants;
 pheromones-; wind-tunnels; insect-control; biological-control
 
 Abstract:  A bioassay system was developed that permits the testing of various substrates for
 biological activity in a flight tunnel, while  simultaneously collecting a portion of the volatiles
 from the attractive source for subsequent chemical identification and quantification.  Bioassays
 of the response of virgin female Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) (Diptera:
 Tephritidae), to volatiles released by  calling males were conducted in a greenhouse under natural
 light cycles and fluctuating environmental conditions, similar to those in the field.  Using this
 system, the periodicity of response of the female flies between 1300 and 1845 hr (EST) was
 tested. Fifty to 75% response occurred  between 1700 and 1845 hr. Male pheromone release was
 greatest between 1500 and 1800 hr. Videotaped records of insects, taken between  1700 and 1800
 hr as flies approached and entered the traps, were analyzed to interpret the communicative role of
 the volatiles released.  Significantly more flies landed on and entered the pheromone-emitting
 trap than the control trap. There was no difference in the amount of time  spent on the trap face,
 an indication that volatiles were attractants. The system described should be of general utility in
 determination of the  attraction of pest fruit flies to suspected attractants.
 
 24.  NAL Call No.:  S592.7.A1S6
 Bioautography shows antibiotic production by soil bacterial isolates antagonistic to fungal dry
 rot of potatoes.
 Burkhead, K. D.; Schisler, D. A.; Slininger, P. J. Soil-biol-biochem v.27(12): p.1611-1616.
 (1995 Dec.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  gibberella-pulicaris; biological-control; biological-control-agents; soil-bacteria;
 strains-; antagonists-; biosynthesis-; antibiotics-; detection- ; antifungal-properties; screening-;
 mode-of-action
 
 Abstract:  Twenty bacterial antagonists of postharvest dry rot of potatoes (caused by Fusarium
 sambucinum) were screened for the production of  antibiotics by bioautography. Samples of
 liquid cultures of bacterial strains harvested at three growth times and extracted with three
 solvents at  three pHs were used to directly detect antibiotics inhibitory to F. sambucinum grown
 on the surface of thin-layer chromatography plates. All of  the bacterial isolates tested produced
 one or more antifungal compounds. Knowledge of the role of the antibiotics in biological control 
 mechanisms is expected to influence the design of successful methods of mass production and
 formulation of these bacterial strains as  biocontrol agents.
 
 25.  NAL Call No.:  QL461.E532
 Biological control of apple mites by a phytoseiid mite complex and Zetzellia mali (Acari:
 Stigmaeidae): long-term effects and impact of  azinphosmethyl on colonization by Amblyseius
 andersoni (Acari: Phytoseiidae).
 Croft, B. A. Environ-entomol v.23(5): p.1317-1325. (1994 Oct.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  typhlodromus-pyri; metaseiulus-occidentalis; zetzellia-mali; amblyseius-;
 panonychus-ulmi; eotetranychus-; aculus-schlechtendali; azinphos-methyl-; colonizing-ability;
 predators-of-insect-pests; interspecific-competition; insect-control; biological-control;
 chemical-control; malus-pumila; orchards-; integrated-pest-management
 
 Abstract:  Long-established populations of Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten were less common in
 plots in 1993 with dense Zetzellia mali (Ewing) than  in plots with sparse Z. mali. Also, newly
 released T. pyri had more difficulty colonizing plots with Z. mali than without, but less difficulty
 than  Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) had had in 1992. Newly released Z. mali did not
 establish well in a plot that had T. pyri only, but Z. mali  seemed to be displacing T. pyri after 4
 yr in some mixed-species release plots of M. occidentalis and T. pyri. After immigration from
 nearby  vegetation to apple, colonization by Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) was less in
 azinphosmethyl-treated plots than in similar untreated plots.  Colonization by A. andersoni was
 greatest in plots with few T. pyri or Z. mali or both but some occurred in all plots not sprayed in
 1993 (those  originally receiving no releases, single or mixed-species releases of T. pyri, and M.
 occidentalis in 1990). Colonization by A. andersoni was  greatest where M. occidentalis had been
 displaced in 1991 or 1992 by Z. mali. Results are discussed in relation to long-term biological
 control  and more biologically based integrated pest management.
 
 26.  NAL Call No.:  390.9-Am33
 Biological control of grape crown gall with non-tumorigenic Agrobacterium vitis strain F275.
 Burr, T. J.; Reid, C. L. Am-j-enol-vitic. Davis, Calif. : American Society of Enologists  v.45 (2)
 p.213-219 (1994)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  vitis-vinifera; agrobacterium-tumefaciens; crown-gall; agrobacterium-;
 biological-control
 
 27.  NAL Call No.:  SB599.C8
 Biological control of grape grey mould by Trichoderma harzianum.
 Elad, Y. Crop-prot v.13(1): p.35-38. (1994 Feb.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  vitis-vinifera; botrytis-cinerea; plant-pathogenic-fungi; trichoderma-harzianum;
 biological-control-agents; vinclozolin-; iprodione-; carbamate-pesticides; carbendazim-;
 biological-control; chemical-control; fungus-control; plant-disease-control;
 integrated-pest-management; diethofencarb-
 
 28.  NAL Call No.:  SB608.F8B56--1994
 Biological control of postharvest diseases : theory and practice.
 Wilson, C. L.; Wisniewski, M. E.  182 p. ( CRC Press, Boca Raton FL, 1994)
 Includes bibliographical references and index.
 Descriptors:  Fruit-Postharvest-diseases-and-injuries-Biological-control;
 Vegetables-Postharvest-diseases-and-injuries-Biological-control
 
 29.  NAL Call No.:  421-C16
 Biological control of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera:
 Chrysomelidae) in Quebec by augmentative  releases of the two-spotted stinkbug Perillus
 bioculatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).
 Cloutier, C.; Bauduin, F. Can-entomol v.127(2): p.195-212. (1995 Mar.-1995 Apr.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  leptinotarsa-decemlineata; perillus-bioculatus; predators-of-insect-pests;
 predator-augmentation; predatory-insects; comparisons-; bacillus- thuringiensis; predation-; ova-;
 larvae-; fields-; solanum-tuberosum; quebec-
 
 30.  NAL Call No.:  420-F662
 Biological control of the two-spotted spider mite (Acarina: Tetranychidae) on commercial
 strawberries in Florida with Phytoseiulus  persimilis (Acarina: Phytoseiidae).
 Decou, G. C. Fla-entomol v.77(1): p.33-41. (1994 Mar.)
 Symposium: Insect Behavioral Ecology--'93.
 Descriptors:  fragaria-; tetranychus-urticae; arthropod-pests; phytoseiulus-persimilis;
 biological-control; mite-control; chemical-control; acaricides-; efficacy-; crop-yield; florida-
 
 31.  NAL Call No.:  SB476.G7
 Biological controls.
 Rogers, M. Grounds-maint v.29(3): p.90-94. (1994 Mar.)
 Descriptors:  lawns-and-turf; plant-disease-control; pest-control; biological-control;
 microbial-pesticides
 
 32.  NAL Call No.:  SB317.5.H68
 Biological seed treatments using Trichoderma harzianum for horticultural crops.
 Taylor, A. G.; Harman, G. E.; Nielsen, P. A. HortTechnology v.4(2): p.105-108. (1994
 Apr.-1994 June)
 Paper presented at the "Workshop on New Chemical and Biological Treatments for Horticultural
 Seeds," July 26, 1993, Nashville,  Tennessee.
 Descriptors:  horticultural-crops; seed-dressings; seed-treatment; biological-control-agents;
 trichoderma-harzianum; plant-disease-control; biological- control; fungal-diseases;
 chemical-control; zea-mays
 
 33.  NAL Call No.:  60.18-UN33
 Black cutworms: where are they coming from.
 Williamson, R. C.; Shetlar, D. J. USGA-Green-Sect-rec v.32(5): p.5-7. (1994 Sept.-1994 Oct.)
 Descriptors:  lawns-and-turf; agrotis-ipsilon; larvae-; ova-; crop-damage; injuries-; monitoring-;
 insect-control; chemical-control; biological-control
 
 34.  NAL Call No.:  275.29-M58B
 Bluegrass billbug.
 Smitley, D. Ext-bull-Coop-Ext-Serv,-Mich-State-Univ. East Lansing : Michigan State
 University, Cooperative Extension Service  v.E- 2497, rev.p.2 (1994 Oct.)
 In the subseries: Turf tips for the homeowner.
 Descriptors:  lawns-and-turf; sphenophorus-parvulus; crop-damage; host-plants; symptoms-;
 characteristics-; life-cycle; insect-control; insecticides-; biological-control-agents
 
 35.  NAL Call No.:  S544.3.N6N62
 Cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and greens production in North Carolina.
 Sanders, D. C. ed.; Davis, J. M.; Baird, J. V.; Sneed, R. E.; Walgenbach, J. F.; Sorensen, K. A.;
 Duncan, H. E.; Shoemaker, P. B.; Monks, D. W.; Wilson, L. G. AG-NC-Agric-Ext-Serv. Raleigh
 : North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service  v.487p.26 (1995 Apr.)
 Descriptors:  brassica-oleracea; leafy-vegetables; cultivars-; crop-production; edaphic-factors;
 insect-pests; plant-diseases; plant-disorders; weeds-; plant-pathogens;
 integrated-pest-management; plant-disease-control; harvesting-; food-storage; marketing-;
 production-costs; returns-; acreage-; north-carolina
 
 36.  NAL Call No.:  23-Au792
 Chemical and biological control of Rhizoctonia solani on potato seed tubers.
 Wicks, T. J.; Morgan, B.; Hall, B. Aust-j-exp-agric v.35(5): p.661-664. (1995)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  potatoes-; rhizoctonia-solani; plant-pathogenic-fungi; postharvest-treatment;
 dipping-; formaldehyde-; dusting-; tolclofos-methyl-; spraying-; fungicides-; pencycuron-;
 sodium-hypochlorite; verticillium-; bacillus-; gliocladium-; trichoderma-;
 biological-control-agents; fungus- control; chemical-control; biological-control; efficacy-;
 fenpiclonil-; verticillium-biguttatum
 
 37.  NAL Call No.:  SB950.A1I66
 Chinese IPM for citrus leafminer.
 Zhang, A.; O'Leary, C.; Quarles, W. IPM-pract v.16(8): p.10-13. (1994 Aug.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  citrus-; phyllocnistis-; phyllocnistis-citrella; integrated-pest-management;
 insect-control; predators-of-insect-pests; parasites-of-insect- pests; biological-control;
 biological-control-agents; bacillus-thuringiensis; chemical-control; monitoring-; pest-resistance;
 china-
 
 38.  NAL Call No.:  421-J822
 Colonization of newly planted coffee fields: dominance of Mediterranean fruit fly over oriental
 fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae).
 Vargas, R. I.; Walsh, W. A.; Nishida, T. J-econ-entomol v.88(3): p.650-627. (1995 June)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  coffea-arabica; ceratitis-capitata; bactrocera-dorsalis; biosteres-arisanus;
 parasitoids-; colonizing-ability; colonization-; populations-; population-ecology; dominance-;
 parasitism-; parasites-of-insect-pests; plantations-; hawaii-
 
 Abstract:  Previous studies in Hawaii indicated that Ceratitis  capitata (Wiedemann),
 Mediterranean fruit fly, became  scarce at low elevations  subsequent to accidental  introduction
 of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), oriental  fruit fly. The conclusion was that competitive 
 displacement,  elevation, and parasites were major determinants in the ranges of these two fruit
 flies.  Recently, commercial coffee, Coffea arabica L. was  planted  in former sugarcane,
 Saccharum officinarum L., fields at an  elevation of 122 m on Kauai Island, HI. During a 3-yr 
 period we studied  colonization of fruits by C. capitata, B.  dorsalis, and Biosteres arisanus
 (Sonan), a beneficial solitary wasp that attacks both species of fruit  flies.  During seasons 1 and
 2, mean numbers of C. capitata were  greater than those of B. dorsalis. Lack of an inverse 
 correlation between  numbers of the two tephritids emerging from fruits suggested that these
 species were not  competitors. B. arisanus parasitization rates on the  basis  of live and dead
 parasitoids recovered from C. capitata and  B. dorsalis pupae were modest. Studies during season
 3  indicated B. arisanus  parasitization rates were higher for  C. capitata than those for B.
 dorsalis. Numbers of C.  capitata and B. arisanus were correlated during both   seasons,
 suggesting a density-dependent relationship between the most abundant host and the parasitoid.
 Fruit infestation data demonstrated that  C. capitata exploits  fruits at an earlier ripeness stage and
 emerges sooner  from fruits than B. dorsalis. Analysis of three annual  coffee crops  indicated
 that C. capitata was the dominant  fruit fly species in the coffee agroecosystem by the end of  the
 season. This finding differs from.
 
 39.  NAL Call No.:  SB317.5.H68
 Comparing integrated pest management and protectant stategies for control of apple scab and
 codling moth in an Iowa apple orchard.
 Gleason, M. L.; Ali, M. K.; Domoto, P. A.; Lewis, D. R.; Duffy, M. D. HortTechnology v.4(2):
 p.136-141. (1994 Apr.-1994 June)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  malus-pumila; integrated-pest-management; plant-disease-control;
 venturia-inaequalis; insect-control; cydia-pomonella; orchards-; integrated-control;
 cost-benefit-analysis; chemical-control; low-input-agriculture; insecticides-; fungicides-; iowa-
 
 40.  NAL Call No.:  S494.5.S86S8
 Comparison of corn and fescue rotations on pathogenic nematodes, nematode biocontrol agents,
 and soil structure and fertility on an apple  replant site.
 Biggs, A. R.; Kotcon, J. B.; Baugher, T. A.; Collins, A. R.; Glenn, D. M.; Hogmire, H. W.;
 Byers, R. E.; Sexstone, A. J.; Lightner, G. W. J-sustain-agric v.4(4): p.39-56. (1994)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  nematoda-; malus-pumila; zea-mays; festuca-arundinacea; rotations-; orchard-soils;
 biological-control-agents; soil-fertility; soil-structure; economic-analysis; farm-management;
 soil-management; comparisons-; west-virginia
 
 41.  NAL Call No.:  421-C16
 A comparison of epigaeic Coleoptera assemblages in organic, conventional, and abandoned
 orchards in Nova Scotia, Canada.
 Pearsall, I. A.; Walde, S. J. Can-entomol v.127(5): p.641-658. (1995 Sept.-1995 Oct.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  coleoptera-; carabidae-; malus-pumila; orchards-; species-diversity;
 population-ecology; community-ecology; predatory-insects; organic- farming; comparisons-;
 feeding-behavior; seasonal-abundance; predators-of-insect-pests; nova-scotia;
 species-abundance; conventional-orchards; nonpredaceous-beetles
 
 42.  NAL Call No.:  SB945.F8F79-1996
 Comparison of the biology of Anastrepha obliqua reared in mango (Mangifera indica L.) and in
 mombin (Spondias mombin) infested under  field conditions.
 Toledo, J.; Lara, J. R. Fruit fly pests  a world assessment of their biology and management /
 p.359-362. (1996)
 Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance
 held June 5-10, 1994, Sand Key, Florida.
 Descriptors:  anastrepha-obliqua; mangifera-indica; spondias-mombin; fruits-; infestation-;
 fecundity-; female-fertility; pupae-; larvae-; biological- development; weight-;
 parasites-of-insect-pests; parasitism-
 
 43.  NAL Call No.:  QL391.N4J62
 Comparison of two steinernematid species for control of the root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus.
 Schroeder, W. J. J-nematol v.26(3): p.360-362. (1994 Sept.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  diaprepes-abbreviatus; steinernema-; entomophilic-nematodes; biological-control;
 larvae-; biological-control-agents; citrus-aurantium; helminth-insecticides;
 steinernema-carpocapsae; steinernema-riobravis
 
 Abstract:  Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser All strain was compared to Steinernema riobravis
 Cabanillas, Poinar, and Raulston for control of the root  weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), in
 the laboratory and in potted citrus. In the laboratory bioassay, D. abbreviatus larvae were
 exposed to 30,  60, and 120 nematodes/cm3 in sand. Insect mortality 1 week after application
 was greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) for S. riobravis than for  S. carpocapsae in the
 laboratory bioassay. In the greenhouse bioassay, D. abbreviatus larvae were exposed to 3 and 9
 nematodes per cm3 of soil  in potted citrus. Again, at each rate, mortality was greater (P less than
 or equal to 0.05) in pots treated with S. riobravis than in pots treated with  S. carpocapsae. The
 results of this study suggest that S. riobravis is a better biological control agent against D.
 abbreviatus larvae in potted  plants than S. carpocapsae.
 
 44.  NAL Call No.:  421-C16
 Control of oriental fruit moth by mating disruption using sex pheromone in the Niagara
 Peninsula, Ontario.
 Pree, D. J.; Trimble, R. M.; Whitty, K. J.; Vickers, P. M. Can-entomol v.126(6): p.1287-1299.
 (1994 Nov.-1994 Dec.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  prunus-persica; cydia-molesta; mating-disruption; sex-pheromones; insecticides-;
 crop-damage; population-density; efficacy-; biological- control; ontario-
 
 45.  NAL Call No.:  SB951.P47
 Control of Phytophthora crown and root rot of apple trees with fosetyl-aluminium in new
 plantings.
 Utkhede, R.; Smith, E. Pestic-sci v.45(2): p.117-122. (1995 Oct.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  malus-pumila; phytophthora-cactorum; plant-pathogenic-fungi; fosetyl-;
 monoammonium-phosphate; enterobacter-aerogenes; biological- control-agents; infectivity-;
 crown-; roots-; growth-; crop-yield; fungal-diseases; fungus-control; chemical-control;
 biological-control; efficacy-; british-columbia; disease-severity
 
 Abstract:  Fosetyl-aluminium applied as a foliar spray, monoammonium phosphate (MAP) as a
 planting hole treatment, and a combination of MAP  and Enterobacter aerogenes (Kruse)
 Hornaeche & Edwards (B8) were evaluated for eight years for control of Phytophthora cactorum
 (Lebert &  Cohn) Schroet. crown and root rot in newly planted and artificially infected Macspur
 apple trees on MM.106 rootstock in the Okanagan valley  of British Columbia.
 Fosetyl-aluminium completely controlled the disease, and increased growth and fruit yield. The
 combination of planting  hole treatment with MAP plus annual drench applications of strain B8
 significantly increased trunk cross-sectional area for the first three years  after planting. The
 application of MAP alone did not have any effect on the disease, growth, or fruit yield of apple
 trees.
 
 46.  NAL Call No.:  275.29-Or32c
 Controlling diseases and insects in home orchards.
 Pscheidt, J. W.; DeAngelis, J. D.; Morgan, S.; Reisinger, R. Ext-circ-Or-State-Univ-Ext-Serv.
 Corvallis : The Service  v.631, rev.p.2 (1994 Feb.)
 Descriptors:  home-gardens; orchards-; plant-disease-control; insect-control; tree-fruits;
 insect-pests; insecticides-; fungicides-; cultural-control; biological-control; bactericides-; oregon-
 
 47.  NAL Call No.:  SB950.2.C8H67
 Controlling insects and other common pests of lawns.
 Marrotte, E. L. Hortic-fact-sheet. [Storrs, CT] : The System  v.94-7p.2 (1994)
 Descriptors:  lawns-and-turf; pests-; chemical-control; pesticides-; biological-control;
 physical-control; habitats-
 
 48.  NAL Call No.:  S544.3.N6N62
 Controlling white grubs in turf.
 Brandenburg, R. L. AG-NC-Agric-Ext-Serv. Raleigh : North Carolina Agricultural Extension
 Service  v.366, rev.p.4 (1995 Mar.)
 Descriptors:  lawns-and-turf; popillia-japonica; insect-pests; life-cycle; chemical-control;
 biological-control; insecticides-; bacterial-insecticides; formulations-; application-rates;
 application-date; identification-; north-carolina
 
 49.  NAL Call No.:  S544.3.A2C47
 Controlling whiteflies on ornamentals.
 Cobb, P. Circ-ANR. [Auburn] Ala. : Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn
 University  v.272p.2 (1994 Feb.)
 In subseries: Pest management.
 Descriptors:  aleyrodidae-; biological-control; chemical-control; insecticides-; natural-enemies;
 life-cycle; ornamental-plants; alabama-
 
 50.  NAL Call No.:  448.3-Ap5
 Derivation of mutants of Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum deficient in export of
 pectolytic enzymes with potential for biological  control of potato soft rot.
 Costa, J. M.; Loper, J. E. Appl-environ-microbiol v.60(7): p.2278-2285. (1994 July)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  solanum-tuberosum; erwinia-carotovora-subsp; -carotovora; plant-diseases; tubers-;
 plant-disease-control; antagonism-; erwinia-carotovora- subsp; -betavasculorum; mutants-;
 induced-mutations; secretion-; pectate-lyase; antibiotics-; antibacterial-properties; out-genes
 
 Abstract:  Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum Ecb168 produces an antibiotic(s) that
 suppresses growth of the related bacterium Erwinia  carotovora subsp. carotovora in culture and
 in wounds of potato tubers. Strain Ecb168 also produces and secretes pectolytic enzymes and 
 causes a vascular necrosis and root rot of sugar beet. Genes (out) involved in secretion of
 pectolytic enzymes by Ecb168 were localized to two  HindIII fragments (8.5 and 10.5 kb) of
 Ecb168 genomic DNA by hybridization to the cloned out region of E. carotovora subsp.
 carotovora and  by complementation of Out- mutants of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. Out-
 mutants of Ecb168, which did not secrete pectate lyase into the  culture medium, were obtained
 when deletions internal to either HindIII fragment were introduced into the genome of Ecb168
 through marker  exchange mutagenesis. Out- mutants of Ecb168 were complemented to the Out+
 phenotype by introduction of the corresponding cloned HindIII  fragment. Out- mutants of
 Ecb168 were less virulent than the Out+ parental strain on potato tubers. Strain Ecb168 and Out-
 derivatives  inhibited the growth of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora in culture, indicating that the
 uncharacterized antibiotic(s) responsible for antagonism  was exported through an
 out-independent mechanism. Strain Ecb168 and Out- derivatives reduced the establishment of
 large populations of E.  carotovora subsp. carotovora in wounds of potato tubers and suppressed
 tuber soft rot caused by E. carotovora subsp. carotovora.
 
 51.  NAL Call No.:  421-J829
 Development of a botanical fungicide against blue mould of mandarins.
 Dixit, S. N.; Chandra, H.; Tiwari, R.; Dixit, V. J-stored-prod-res v.31(2): p.165-172. (1995 Apr.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  penicillium-italicum; plant-pathogenic-fungi; growth-; inhibition-;
 ageratum-conyzoides; plant-extracts; leaves-; essential-oils; temperature- ; dipping-; fumigation-;
 mandarins-; food-quality; postharvest-treatment; fungus-control; biological-control;
 storage-temperature; fruit-quality
 
 Abstract:  During screening of vapours emitted by leaf extracts of 30 species of higher plants
 against Penicillium italicum causing blue mould rot of  mandarins, the vapours of Ageratum
 conyzoides exhibited the strongest toxicity inhibiting the mycelial growth of the test fungus
 completely.  Fungitoxicity in leaves stored at ambient room temperature persisted up to 8 days.
 The volatile fungitoxic constituent from leaves was isolated  in the form of essential oil which
 was standardized by its various physicochemical properties. The minimum inhibitory
 concentration (MIC) of  the oil was found to be 0.2% at which the oil exhibited fungistatic nature
 and showed broad fungitoxic spectrum, inhibiting 32 storage fungi out  of 35 tested. The efficacy
 of the oil on storage at ambient room temperature persisted for 330 days and remained unaltered
 even on heating up  to 100 degrees C. The oil by dipping and fumigation successfully controlled
 blue mould rot of mandarins and imparted no adverse effect on the  quality of treated fruits.
 
 52.  NAL Call No.:  448.3-Ap5
 Development of a microbial community of bacterial and yeast antagonists to control
 wound-invading postharvest pathogens of fruits.
 Janisiewicz, W. J.; Bors, B. Appl-environ-microbiol v.61(9): p.3261-3267. (1995 Sept.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  pseudomonas-syringae; sporobolomyces-; fungal-antagonists; mixtures-;
 biological-control; biological-control-agents; antagonism-; penicillium-expansum;
 postharvest-decay; apples-; asparagine-; population-dynamics; nitrogen-metabolism;
 carbohydrates-; organic-nitrogen- compounds; sporobolomyces-roseus
 
 Abstract:  Two antagonists, the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae and the pink yeast
 Sporobolomyces roseus, against blue mold (caused by  Penicillium expansum) on apple
 controlled this disease more effectively when combined at approximately equal biomass (50:50
 of the same  turbidity) than in individual applications. Addition of L-asparagine enhanced the
 biocontrol effectiveness of P. syringae but decreased that of S.  roseus and had no significant
 effect when the antagonists were combined. Populations of both antagonists increased in apple
 wounds and were  further stimulated by the addition of L-asparagine. The carrying capacity of
 wounds for P. syringae was not affected by S. roseus. Populations  of P. syringae in wounds
 inoculated individually or in a 50:50 mixture with S. roseus reached the same level after 3 days at
 22 degrees C.  However, populations of S. roseus recovered after applications of the mixture
 were consistently lower than those recovered after individual  applications. Similar effects were
 observed in in vitro tests in which populations of S. roseus grown in mixtures with P. syringae
 were  consistently lower than those grown alone, while the populations of P. syringae were not
 affected by the presence of S. roseus. A total of 36  carbon and 35 nitrogen compounds were
 tested for utilization by both antagonists. Fourteen nitrogenous compounds were utilized by both
 P.  syringae and S. roseus, and an additional nine compounds were utilized by P. syringae. S.
 roseus and P. syringae utilized 17 and 13 carbon  sources, respectively; 9 sources were common
 to both antagonists. Populations of these antagonists in apple wounds appear to form a relatively 
 stable community.  limiting growth factor in carbon-rich apple wounds.
 
 53.  NAL Call No.:  421-B87
 The development of suppression tactics for Biprorulus bibax (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) as part
 of an integrated pest management  programme in citrus in inland south-eastern Australia.
 James, D. G. Bull-entomol-res v.84(1): p.31-37. (1994 Mar.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  citrus-limon; pentatomidae-; insect-control; trissolcus-; parasitoids-; endosulfan-;
 integrated-pest-management; biological-control-agents; new-south-wales; trissolcus-oenone
 
 54.  NAL Call No.:  420-F662
 Discovery of the male of Ageniaspis citricola (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Parasitoid of the citrus
 leafminer Phyllocnistis Citrella
 Evans, G. A. Fla-entomol v.78(1): p.134-136. (1995 Mar.)
 Symposium: Insect Behavioral Ecology 1994.
 Descriptors:  phyllocnistis-citrella; ageniaspis-; introduced-species; parasitoids-; males-;
 descriptions-; biological-control; insect-control
 
 55.  NAL Call No.:  QL461.E532
 Disruption of pheromone communication in three sympatric leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
 pests of apple in British Columbia.
 Deland, J. P.; Judd, G. J. R.; Roitberg, B. D. Environ-entomol v.23(5): p.1084-1090. (1994 Oct.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  choristoneura-rosaceana; mating-disruption; pheromones-; chemical-composition;
 application-rates; pheromone-traps; biological-control; orchards-; british-columbia
 
 Abstract:  Fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospila (Walker), oblique banded leafroller,
 Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), and European leafroller  Archips rosana (Robinson), all use
 Z11-14:OAc and E11-14:OAc as components of their species-specific pheromone blends.
 Small-plot  experiments (0.09 ha) were conducted in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia to
 evaluate the effects of atmospheric permeation with  different concentrations of Z11-14:OAc and
 E11-14:OAc, applied in a ratio of 93:7, on pheromone communication of these sympatric
 species.  The relative response of male moths to synthetic and natural pheromone-baited traps in
 pheromone-treated and untreated plots was used to  measure disruption of pheromone
 communication. The pheromone-disruption blend was released by polyethylene tube-type
 dispensers applied  at various densities. Catches of A. argyrospila in synthetic pheromone traps
 decreased by >92 and 97% when pheromone was applied at rates of  5-10 mg/h/ha and 20-40
 mg/h/ha, respectively. Catches of A. argyrospila in virgin female-baited traps were reduced by
 99% at pheromone  application rates of 20-40 mg/h/ha. Catches of C. rosaceana and A. rosana in
 synthetic pheromone-baited traps decreased by 88-96% when the  pheromone disruptant was
 applied at rates of 20-40 mg/h/ha. In pheromone-disrupted plots, more male A. argyrospila were
 caught in traps  baited with pheromone blends of C. rosaceana and A. rosana containing a higher
 percentage of Z11-14:OAc than the reported pheromone blend  of A. argyrospila. These results
 suggest an alteration of the normal pheromonal response of A. argyrospila on exposure to a high
 concentration  of Z11-14:OAc for a sustained time.
 
 56.  NAL Call No.:  421-J822
 Distance, rotation, and border crops affect Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
 colonization and population density and  early blight (Alternaria solani) severity in rotated potato
 fields.
 Weisz, R.; Smilowitz, Z.; Christ, B. J-econ-entomol v.87(3): p.723-729. (1994 June)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  solanum-tuberosum; leptinotarsa-decemlineata; alternaria-solani; rotations-;
 population-density; insecticides-; integrated-pest-management
 
 Abstract:  The effect of distance between rotated potato fields on Colorado potato beetle,
 Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), and early blight,  Alternaria solani, incidence was evaluated for
 2 yr. In eight newly established potato fields, the timing of adult beetle colonization, population 
 densities, and early-season defoliation were related closely to how isolated the fields were from
 the previous year's planting. Even short  distances between rotated locations resulted in
 significant reductions of Colorado potato beetle densities. An integrated pest management 
 program resulted in an inverse relationship between distance and the number of insecticides
 applied for the Colorado potato beetle. Compared  with a nonrotated field, a distance of 0.3 to 0.9
 km was sufficient to reduce insecticide requirements by 50%. Winter wheat and hay buffers 
 significantly delayed overwintered adult colonization compared with fallow corn stubble. Early
 blight severity decreased as the distance  between the rotated locations increased. Colorado
 potato beetle population densities, defoliation, and early blight severity followed a similar 
 exponential decline with distance. The effects of winter wheat and hay buffer crops on beetle
 infestations and early blight severity were also  similar. Factors that reduced early-season
 Colorado potato beetle immigration also lowered the early blight severity.
 
 57.  NAL Call No.:  SB599.E97
 Dynamics of Rhizoctonia solani (black scurf) in successive potato crops.
 Jager, G.; Velvis, H. Eur-j-plant-pathol v.101(4): p.467-478. (1995 July)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  solanum-tuberosum; continuous-cropping; rotations-; plant-pathogenic-fungi;
 population-dynamics; rhizoctonia-solani; anastomosis-; groups-; biological-control-agents;
 verticillium-; fungal-antagonists; incidence-; netherlands-; verticillium-biguttatum
 
 58.  NAL Call No.:  421-J822
 Economic analysis of a Bacillus thuringiensis-based integrated pest-management program in
 fresh-market tomatoes.
 Trumble, J. T.; Carson, W. G.; White, K. K. J-econ-entomol v.87(6): p.1463-1469. (1994 Dec.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  lycopersicon-esculentum; insect-pests; bacillus-thuringiensis;
 integrated-pest-management; methomyl-; permethrin-; chemical-control; insect-control;
 crop-damage; crop-yield; costs-; profitability-; economic-analysis; california-
 
 Abstract:  Economic analyses were conducted on fresh-market tomato plantings in 1992 and
 1993 that compared the benefit of an integrated pest- management (IPM) program based on a
 registered Bacillus thuringiensis preparation with the current chemical-standard pesticide
 practices and  an untreated control. The IPM program used three or four applications of B.
 thuringiensis as needed. The chemical-standard treatment consisted  of seven to nine applications
 of methomyl and permethrin. The effect of each pesticide-use program on insect populations,
 fruit damage, yield,  crop value, cost of control, and net profit was determined. The
 chemical-standard and IPM treatments reduced pest populations and damage,  resulting in better
 yield and net profits as compared with the control treatment. In 1992, net profits were higher by
 approximately $500-1,000/ha  in the IPM program as compared with the chemical-standard
 treatment. In 1993, the chemical-standard program performed slightly better by  approximately
 $300/ha. However, given shipping prices over the past 5-yr period, the IPM approach would
 outperform the chemical-standard  treatment in terms of net profit > 80% of the time. In addition,
 the economic results from the IPM program are conservative because some  significant benefits,
 such as a potential reduction in development of pesticide resistance, reduced soil compaction,
 less potential for damage to  the environment, and less possibility of human health concerns,
 were not included.
 
 59.  NAL Call No.:  80-Ac82
 Economic analysis of three tomato production systems.
 Brumfield, R. G.; Adelaja, F. E.; Reiners, S. Acta-hortic (340): p.255-260. (1995 Jan.)
 Paper presented at the XII International Symposium on Horticultural Economics / edited by J.-C
 Montigaud, L.M. Albisu, U. Avermaete,  L. Ekelund, D. Meijaard, and E. de Kleijn.
 Descriptors:  lycopersicon-esculentum; crop-production; cropping-systems; organic-farming;
 organic-culture; integrated-pest-management; crop-yield; production-costs; returns-;
 production-costs; economic-viability; new-jersey; conventional-farming; gross-returns;
 net-returns
 
 60.  NAL Call No.:  QL391.N4J62
 Effect of Hirsutella rhossiliensis on infection of potato by Pratylenchus penetrans.
 Timper, P.; Brodie, B. B. J-nematol v.26(3): p.304-307. (1994 Sept.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  solanum-tuberosum; pratylenchus-penetrans; hirsutella-; fungal-antagonists;
 biological-control-agents; pathogens-; biological-control; nematophagous-fungi; roots-;
 infections-
 
 Abstract:  We evaluated the ability of the nematode-pathogenic fungus Hirsutella rhossiliensis
 (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) to reduce root  penetration and population increase of
 Pratylenchus penetrans on potato. Experiments were conducted at 24 C in a growth chamber.
 When  nematodes were placed on the soil surface 8 cm from a 14-day-old potato cutting, the
 fungus decreased the number entering roots by 25%. To  determine the effect of the fungus on
 population increase after the nematodes entered roots, we transplanted potato cuttings infected
 with P.  penetrans into Hirsutella-infested and uninfested soil. After 60 days, the total number of
 nematodes (roots and soil) was 20 +/- 4% lower in  Hirsutella-infested than in uninfested soil.
 
 61.  NAL Call No.:  23-Au792
 Effect of inoculating fungi into compost on growth of tomato and compost microflora.
 Sivapalan, A.; Morgan, W. C.; Franz, P. R. Aust-j-exp-agric v.34(4): p.541-548. (1994)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  lycopersicon-esculentum; growth-rate; plant-height; dry-matter; weight-; leaf-area;
 flowers-; fruits-; composts-; growing-media; acremonium-; chaetomium-globosum;
 gliocladium-roseum; trichoderma-hamatum; biological-control-agents; population-density;
 microbial- flora; acremonium-butyri; zygorrhynchus-moelleri
 
 62.  NAL Call No.:  QL391.N4J62
 Effect of lime on Criconemella xenoplax and bacterial canker in two California orchards.
 Underwood, T.; Jaffee, B. A.; Verdegaal, P.; Norton, M. V. K.; Asai, W. K.; Muldoon, A. E.;
 McKenry, M. V.; Ferris, H. J-nematol v.26(4,suppl.): p.606-611. (1994 Dec.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  prunus-persica; prunus-dulcis; liming-; application-rates; soil-treatment;
 criconemella-; plant-parasitic-nematodes; population-density; soil- ph; cankers-; hirsutella-;
 nematophagous-fungi; nematode-control; biological-control; cultural-control; california-;
 hirsutella-rhossiliensis
 
 Abstract:  In a peach orchard with an initial soil pH of 4.9, preplant application of 0, 13.2, 18.2,
 27.3, or 54.2 kg lime/tree site altered soil pH (range  after 1 year = 4.8-7.3) but did not affect
 numbers of Criconemella xenoplax or tree circumference. Liming also failed to reduce the
 incidence of  bacterial canker, which affected 17% of the trees by the sixth year after planting.
 Four years after planting, numbers of C. xenoplax exceeded  400/100 cm3 soil, regardless of
 treatment. Trees with higher densities of C. xenoplax had a higher incidence of canker. The
 nematophagous  fungus Hirsutella rhossiliensis was not detected until the fourth year. Thereafter,
 the incidence of H. rhossiliensis and percentage C. xenoplax  parasitized by H. rhossiliensis
 increased, but the increases lagged behind increases in numbers of nematodes. In an almond
 orchard with an  initial soil pH of 4.6, preplant application of 0, 6.4, 12.8, or 25.0 kg lime/tree
 site altered soil pH (range after 1 year = 4.7-7.1). Numbers of C.  xenoplax remained low (<
 20/100 cm3 soil), whereas numbers of Paratylenchus sp. increased to high levels (> 500/100 cm3
 soil), regardless of  treatment. Low levels (< 20/100 cm3 soil) of H. rhossiliensis-parasitized
 Paratylenchus sp. were detected. No bacterial canker occurred, but tree  circumference was
 greater after 6 years if soil pH was intermediate (6.0-7.0).
 
 63.  NAL Call No.:  QL461.E532
 Effect of second-stage IPM practices on parasitism of apple blotch leafminer (Lepidoptera:
 Gracillariidae) larvae in Massachusetts apple  orchards.
 Van Driesche, R. G.; Prokopy, R. J.; Christie, M. Environ-entomol v.23(1): p.140-146. (1994
 Feb.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  malus-pumila; phyllonorycter-crataegella; sympiesis-marylandensis; parasitoids-;
 rhagoletis-pomonella; integrated-pest-management; orchards-; massachusetts-
 
 Abstract:  In 1989 and 1990, parasitism of the apple blotch leafminer, Phyllonorycter crataegella
 (Clemens), was assessed in 17 and 16 apple  orchards, respectively, in Massachusetts to
 determine the effect of integrated pest management (IPM) practices that reduced pesticide use 
 between early June and late August. In test blocks on each farm, broadcast pesticide applications
 for control of the apple maggot, Rhagoletis  pomonella (Walsh), were replaced by use of either
 red spherical sticky traps on perimeter apple trees to intercept immigrating apple maggot  flies or
 by applications of pesticides to perimeter apple trees. In either case, no insecticides or miticides
 were applied to the interior of test  blocks after early June. Use of these methods was designed as
 second-stage IPM, and apple blotch leafminer parasitism under such management  was compared
 with an adjacent block in each orchard using conventional pesticide tactics. Average parasitism
 of tissue-feeding apple blotch  leafminer larvae across all orchards was slightly greater in the
 second and third host generations in blocks in which second-stage IPM practices  were used than
 in conventionally managed blocks on the same farms. Most enhancement of apple blotch
 leafminer parasitism occurred in  orchards in which traps were used to control apple maggot
 flies. Orchards in which perimeter-pesticide applications were made showed little or  no
 difference in parasitism levels from those of full spray blocks. None of six orchard or insect
 variables examined (block size, ratio of interior  trees to edge trees, nature of surrounding
 vegetation, number of pesticide applications per leafminer generation, density of tissue-feeding
 stage  apple blotch leafminer mines, or.  seen among orchards and blocks in correlation analyses.
 Suppression of first generation apple blotch leafminer densities in 1990 was followed  by lower
 average parasitism across orchards compared with 1989.
 
 64.  NAL Call No.:  421-J822
 Effects of cyromazine on larval survival, pupation, and adult emergence of Colorado potato
 beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).
 Sirota, J. M.; Grafius, E. J-econ-entomol v.87(3): p.577-582. (1994 June)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  solanum-tuberosum; leptinotarsa-decemlineata; cyromazine-; insect-control;
 integrated-pest-management; crop-yield; yield-increases; michigan-
 
 Abstract:  Results of laboratory and field experiments to test the effects of the insect growth
 regulator cyromazine on Colorado potato beetle,  Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), are reported. 
 We describe symptoms of cyromazine poisoning of larvae.  When second instars were fed 
 cyromazine-treated potato foliage in laboratory bioassays, all larvae died within 10 d. Second
 instars of the insecticide-resistant Long Island  strain survived longer than those of the
 susceptible Vestaburg strain when fed a low concentration, but survival between strains fed at a
 higher  concentration did not differ.  Survival to pupation of fourth instars fed
 cyromazine--treated foliage was 12-16% lower than that of controls, but  the differences were not
 significant.  Treated larvae pupated later and were less likely to develop into adults than
 untreated larvae.  In the field,  cyromazine sprays reduced the number of first and second instars
 and affected third and fourth instars by inhibiting feeding and lowering rates  of pupation. 
 Cyromazine treatment reduced adult emergence 63-fold and increased yield of size-A potatoes 2-
 to 4.5-fold compared with  results from untreated plots.  The effectiveness of cyromazine at low
 rates and on all stages of insect development makes it a valuable addition  to integrated pest
 management programs for Colorado potato beetle.
 
 65.  NAL Call No.:  QL391.N4J62
 Effects of pesta-pelletized Steinernema carpocapsae (All) on Western corn rootworms and
 Colorado potato beetles.
 Nickle, W. R.; Connick, W. J. Jr.; Cantelo, W. W. J-nematol v.26(2): p.249-250. (1994 June)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  leptinotarsa-decemlineata; diabrotica-virgifera; steinernema-; helminth-insecticides;
 biological-control-agents; entomophilic-nematodes; formulations-; wheat-flour; pellets-;
 biological-control
 
 Abstract:  Pesta-pelletized Steinernema carpocapsae (All) nematodes were used in soil treatments
 in the greenhouse against larvae of Western corn  rootworm and prepupae of Colorado potato
 beetle. The pesta-pellets delivered 100,000 living nematodes/g. Infective-stage nematodes and
 their  associated bacteria survived the pesta-pellet process, emerged from the pellets in large
 numbers in the soil, and reduced adult emergence of both  pest insects by more than 90%.
 
 66.  NAL Call No.:  421-En895
 The effects of weed strips on aphids and aphidophagous predators in an apple orchard.
 Wyss, E. Entomol-exp-appl v.75(1): p.43-49. (1995 Apr.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  aphis-pomi; dysaphis-plantaginea; predators-of-insect-pests; predatory-insects;
 predatory-arthropods; weeds-; habitats-; orchards-; malus- pumila; strip-cropping;
 natural-enemies; population-density; population-dynamics; seasonal-abundance; food-plants;
 host-plants; switzerland-
 
 67.  NAL Call No.:  QL391.N4J62
 Efficacy of Paecilomyces lilacinus in suppressing Rotylenchulus reniformis on tomato.
 Walters, S. A.; Barker, K. R. J-nematol v.26(4,suppl.): p.600-605. (1994 Dec.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  lycopersicon-esculentum; rotylenchulus-reniformis; plant-parasitic-nematodes;
 population-density; paecilomyces-lilacinus; biological- control-agents; shoots-; fruits-; weight-;
 biomass-production; biological-control; nematode-control; greenhouse-culture;
 field-experimentation; north-carolina
 
 Abstract:  Effects of rice-cultured Paecilomyces lilacinus on Rotylenchulus reniformis were
 studied in both greenhouse and field microplot tests with  'Rutgers' tomato. Numbers of R.
 reniformis were reduced (P less than or equal to 0.05) by P. lilacinus, with suppression in the
 initial greenhouse  test ranging from 46 to 48% for two rice + P. lilacinus treatments; the
 rice-only treatment caused a nonsignificant reduction of 25%. In the  second greenhouse test,
 total R. reniformis numbers were restricted (P less than or equal to 0.05) by 41% by the rice + P.
 lilacinus treatment,  whereas the rice-only treatment had a slight negative effect (16% inhibition,
 NS). Total numbers of R. reniformis were suppressed 59 and 36%  at midseason and harvest,
 respectively, in microplots infested with P. lilacinus. The fungus was recovered from egg masses
 via isolations in the  second greenhouse test. Shoot and fruit growth of Rutgers tomato were
 restricted by R. reniformis in the initial greenhouse test irrespective of P.  lilacinus treatment, but
 this nematode did not affect fresh shoot weights in the second greenhouse test. The nematode
 also limited shoot growth  of Rutgers tomato in microplots, and P. lilacinus suppressed R.
 reniformis numbers sufficiently to prevent related impairment of shoot and fruit  growth. This
 study indicated that P. lilacinus has detrimental effects on R. reniformis population development
 under both greenhouse and field  microplot conditions.
 
 68.  NAL Call No.:  SB950.A1I66
 ESA's 1993 Annual Meeting. IV. Turf management.
 Grossman, J. IPM-pract v.16(7): p.14-18. (1994 July)
 Descriptors:  lawns-and-turf; insect-control; endophytes-; biological-control-agents;
 biological-control
 
 69.  NAL Call No.:  QH545.A1E52
 Estimating the risks and benefits of pesticides: considering the agroecosystem and integrated pest
 management in the use of EBDC  fungicides on apples.
 Cooley, D. R.; Manning, W. J. Environ-pollut v.88(3): p.315-320. (1995)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  fungicides-; fungicide-residues; malus-pumila; integrated-pest-management;
 apples-; food-safety; risk-; environmental-policy; risk-assessment
 
 70.  NAL Call No.:  275.29-M58B
 European chafer.
 Smitley, D. Ext-bull-Coop-Ext-Serv,-Mich-State-Univ. East Lansing : Michigan State
 University, Cooperative Extension Service  v.E-2500p.2  (1994 Oct.)
 In the subseries: Turf tips for the homeowner.
 Descriptors:  lawns-and-turf; insect-pests; origin-; geographical-distribution; crop-damage;
 life-cycle; insect-control; irrigation-; insecticides-; biological- control-agents; rhizotrogus-majalis
 
 71.  NAL Call No.:  SB599.C8
 Evaluation of a Pasteuria penetrans alone and in combination with oxamyl, plant resistance and
 solarization for control of Meloidogyne  spp. on vegetables grown in greenhouses in Crete.
 Tzortzakakis, E. A.; Gowen, S. R. Crop-prot v.13(6): p.455-462. (1994 Sept.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  cucumis-sativus; lycopersicon-esculentum; hybrids-; pest-resistance;
 meloidogyne-incognita; meloidogyne-javanica; plant-parasitic- nematodes; bacillus-penetrans;
 biological-control-agents; oxamyl-; soil-solarization; crop-yield; roots-; galls-;
 population-density; efficacy-; nematode-control; biological-control; chemical-control;
 integrated-pest-management; nematode-egg-production
 
 72.  NAL Call No.:  SB599.E97
 Evaluation of antagonistic bacteria for suppression of bacterial ring rot of potato.
 Gamard, P.; De Boer, S. H. Eur-j-plant-pathol v.101(5): p.519-525. (1995 Sept.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  solanum-tuberosum; clavibacter-michiganensis; clavibacter-michiganensis-subsp;
 -sepedonicus; bacterial-diseases; plant-disease-control; biological-control; screening-;
 biological-control-agents; bacteria-; antagonism-
 
 73.  NAL Call No.:  1.9-P69P
 Evaluation of bacterial epiphytes isolated from avocado leaf and fruit surfaces for biocontrol of
 avocado postharvest diseases.
 Korsten, L.; De Jager, E. S.; De Villers, E. E.; Lourens, A.; Kotze, J. M.; Wehner, F. C.
 Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]  v.79 (11)p.1149-1156 (1995
 Nov.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  persea-americana; avocados-; plant-pathogenic-fungi; postharvest-decay;
 disease-control; biological-control; epiphytes-; isolation-; fungal- antagonists; screening-;
 bacillus-subtilis; biological-control-agents; efficacy-; bacterial-epiphytes
 
 Abstract:  Bacteria isolaled from Fuerte avocado leaf and fruit surfaces were evaluated for in
 vitro antagonism toward Dothiorella aromatica. Thirty- three bacteria exhibiting pronounced
 growth inhibition were further tested for antibiosis against Collelotrichum gloeosporioides,
 Thyronectria  pseudotrichia, Phomopsis perseae, Pestalotiopsis versicolor, and Fusarium solani.
 Optimum disease-reducing concentrations of Bacillus subtilis  (isolate B246) exhibiting the
 highest degree of antibiosis were determined according to a checkerboard-type titration assay, by
 artificial  inoculations on Fuerte and Edranol avocado fruit in the laboratory. Various
 concentrations (10(5), 10(6), 10(7), and 10(8) cells ml-1) of B.  subtilis were also incorporated
 into commercial Tag-wax and applied to Hass avocado fruit in the packinghouse for control of
 anthracnose,  Dothiorella/Colletotrichum fruit rot complex (DCC), and stem-end rot (SE). In the
 artificial inoculation study, increasing concentrations of B.  subtilis were effective against
 increasing concentrations of C. gloeosporioides, F. solani, and T. pseudotrichia. Control of D.
 aromatica was  significant at the lower (10(3) and 10(4) cells ml-1) pathogen concentrations,
 whereas inhibition of P. perseae and P. versicolor was more  readily achieved at the lower (10(5)
 and 10(6) cells ml-1) antagonist concentrations. In the packinghouse, a B. subtilis concentration
 of 10(7)  cells ml-1 significantly reduced anthracnose and SE externally and internally, while the
 lower B. subtilis concentrations (10(5) and 10(6) cells  ml-1) were effective against internal
 DCC. Based on treatment means of all external and internal postharvest disease data, all B.
 subtilis  concentrations performed.
 
 74.  NAL Call No.:  S587.T47
 Evaluation of fungicides against potato late blight.
 Platt, H. W.; Reddin, R. D. Tests-agrochem-cultiv v.124(15): p.30-31. (1994 June)
 Supplement to Annals of applied biology, volume 124.
 Descriptors:  solanum-tuberosum; phytophthora-infestans; blight-; plant-disease-control;
 efficacy-; chemical-control; biological-control; fungicides-; pesticide-mixtures;
 bacillus-thuringiensis; incidence-; crop-yield; tubers-
 
 75.  NAL Call No.:  464.8-P56
 Evaluation of Pythium nunn as a potential biocontrol agent against Phytophthora root rots of
 azalea and sweet orange.
 Fang, J. G.; Tsao, P. H. Phytopathology v.85(1): p.29-36. (1995 Jan.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  rhododendron-; citrus-sinensis; phytophthora-cinnamomi;
 phytophthora-citrophthora; phytophthora-nicotianae-var; -parasitica; plant- disease-control;
 biological-control; pythium-; root-rots; pathogenicity-; inoculum-density; hyperparasitism-
 
 Abstract:  Pythium nunn parasitized the hyphae, sporangia, chlamydospores, and sexual organs
 of five isolates of P. cinnamomi, P. citrophthora, and  P. parasitica in vitro, and caused inhibition
 of mycelial growth of these isolates. Population densities of P. nunn in a peat/sand mix,
 monitored  up to 8 wk, declined gradually unless 1% ground rolled oats were added to the mix at
 2 wk. Population densities of all three Phytophthora spp.  also increased after 1% ground rolled
 oats were added. Population densities of P. cinnamomi, P. citrophthora and one isolate of P.
 parasitica in  oat-amended treatments were reduced in the presence of P. nunn, but no reduction
 in population densities of the other isolate of P. parasitica  occurred in the presence of P. nunn,
 with or without oats. The effectiveness of P. nunn in suppressing root rot of azalea
 (Rhododendron spp.)  caused by P. cinnamomi or P. parasitica, and root rot of sweet orange
 (Citrus sinensis) caused by P. parasitica, was evaluated in the peat/sand  mix amended with 1%
 ground rolled oats in greenhouse tests. P. nunn at 300 propagules per gram did not suppress
 azalea or sweet orange root  rot. At 1,000 propagules per gram, it significantly suppressed sweet
 orange root rot caused by P. parasitica P. nunn did not affect the growth of  azalea but slightly
 reduced sweet orange seedling growth.
 
 76.  NAL Call No.:  1.9-P69P
 Evaluation of rhizosphere bacteria for biological control of pythium root rot of greenhouse
 cucumbers in hydroponic culture.
 Rankin, L.; Paulitz, T. C. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]  v.78
 (5) p.447-451 (1994 May)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  cucumis-sativus; pythium-; root-rots; plant-disease-control; biological-control;
 pseudomonas-corrugata; pseudomonas-fluorescens; strains-; biological-control-agents;
 fungal-antagonists; hydroponics-; dry-matter-accumulation; crop-yield; fruits-;
 pythium-aphanidermatum
 
 77.  NAL Call No.:  421-J822
 Evaluation of steinernematid nematodes against Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
 larvae: species, strains, and rinse after  application.
 Selvan, S.; Grewal, P. S.; Gaugler, R.; Tomalak, M. J-econ-entomol v.87(3): p.605-609. (1994
 June)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  lawns-and-turf; popillia-japonica; neoaplectana-glaseri; steinernema-;
 entomophilic-nematodes; biological-control-agents; steinernema-anomali
 
 Abstract:  We evaluated the efficacy of Steinernema glaseri Steiner (strains NC, NJ-43, and a
 strain genetically selected for improved efficacy, SI- 12), Steinernema anomali Kozodai (Ryazan
 strain), and Steinernema sp. (RGV strain) for the control of Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica 
 Newman, larvae in the laboratory and field.  Virulence of nematodes was assessed by the
 mortality of the host larvae and by the number of  nematodes established per host.  In laboratory
 tests, NJ-43 and SI-12 strains of S. glaseri were significantly more virulent to larvae than the NC 
 strain, S. anomali or Steinernema sp.  Similar results were obtained in field tests, where the
 NJ-43 and SI-12 strains produced 66 and 65%  reductions of japanese beetle larval population as
 compared with the NC strain that produced a 44% reduction.  Steinernema anomali and 
 Steinernema sp.  were as effective as the NC strain of S. glaseri.  Nematodes could be
 successfully applied during midday, if washed from the  grass surface with a rinse after
 application.  We conclude that the choice of nematode strain and rinsing of nematodes after
 application are  important factors in obtaining control of japanese beetle populations in turfgrass.
 
 78.  NAL Call No.:  75.8-P842
 Evaluation of yeasts for biological control of Fusarium dry rot of potatoes.
 Schisler, D. A.; Kurtzman, C. P.; Bothast, R. J.; Slininger, P. J. Am-potato-j v.72(6): p.339-353.
 (1995 June)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  potatoes-; potato-stores; storage-decay; dry-rot; gibberella-pulicaris;
 fusarium-solani-var; -coeruleum; fungicide-tolerance; strains-; biological-control;
 cryptococcus-laurentii; pseudomonas-fluorescens; pichia-; debaryomyces-; antagonists-;
 biological-control-agents; pichia-farinosa; debaryomyces-; robertsiae-
 
 79.  NAL Call No.:  SB379.A9A9
 An evolving program of integrated pest management.
 Morse, J. G.; Klonsky, K. Calif-grow v.18(4): p.XXI-XXVI. (1994 Apr.)
 Descriptors:  citrus-; citrus-fruits; insect-control; mite-control; mollusc-control;
 chemical-control; cost-benefit-analysis; integrated-pest-management; california-
 
 80.  NAL Call No.:  S544.3.N7A4
 Expectations for IPM in 1994.
 Ullrich, M. Agfocus p.2. (1994 Mar.)
 Descriptors:  integrated-pest-management; crops-
 
 81.  NAL Call No.:  QL461.A52
 Extension and evaluation of a simplified monitoring program in New York apples.
 Agnello, A. M.; Kovach, J.; Nyrop, J. P.; Reissig, W. H.; Breth, D. I.; Wilcox, W. F.
 Am-entomol v.40(1): p.37-49. (1994 Spring)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  malus-; orchards-; integrated-pest-management; control-programs; insect-control;
 project-implementation; new-york
 
 82.  NAL Call No.:  80-Ac82
 The fertilization efficiency increase in integrated vegetable field production.
 Nowosielski, O. Acta-hortic (371): p.371-379. (1994 July)
 Paper presented at the Seventh International Symposium on Timing Field Production of
 Vegetables held August 23-27, 1993,  Skierniewice, Poland.
 Descriptors:  vegetables-; fertilizer-requirement-determination; plant-analysis; soil-analysis;
 application-methods; integrated-control; crop-production
 
 83.  NAL Call No.:  421-J822
 Field electroantennogram and behavioral responses of Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera:
 Tortricidae) under low pheromone and inhibitor  concentrations.
 Suckling, D. M.; Karg, G.; Bradley, S. J.; Howard, C. R. J-econ-entomol v.87(6): p.1477-1487.
 (1994 Dec.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  epiphyas-postvittana; mating-disruption; pheromones-; mating-disrupters;
 biological-control; efficacy-; orchards-; malus-pumila; new- zealand
 
 Abstract:  Mating disruption of Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) was studied in two 0.1-ha plots at
 a 10.6-ha apple orchard each with either 0, 100,  200, or 400 dispensers per hectare; the
 dispensers released an attractive blend of pheromone (54.9 mg [E]-11-tetradecenyl acetate and
 2.5 mg of  [E,E]-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate) and inhibitor (19.7 mg of [Z]-11-tetradecenyl
 acetate). The incidence of mating of tethered females placed  in treated or untreated plots
 significantly increased with the increased numbers of males released. Mating was reduced with
 estimated  pheromone release rates at dusk from 1.1-4.4 mg/ha/h. In the control plots, trap catch
 (mean +/- SEM) over 173 d was 0.207 +/- 0.074 males  per trap per day. In the pheromone and
 inhibitor treatments, 0.004 +/- 0.003 males per trap per day were caught in the
 100-dispensers-per- hectare plots and 0.001 +/- 0.001 males per trap per day in the
 200-dispensers-per-hectare plots. No moths were caught at 400-dispensers-per- ha level. Mating
 frequency averaged 12.9% of the control level at 173 d after treatment, with release rates from
 0.15-0.51 mg/ha/h.  Electroantennogram signals recorded in treated apple-orchard plots showed a
 significant effect from increasing the rate of dispenser application  after 83 d. Pheromone and
 inhibitor levels had higher variance in the grass between rows of trees than within the tree rows.
 By 140 d after  treatment, no electroantennogram response to pheromone and inhibitor was
 distinguishable above the orchard background volatiles. However,  the standard error of
 electroantennogram responses was negatively correlated with release rate. Time series of
 continuous electroantennogram  recordings over 30-60 s also showed significant.  grass rows.
 
 84.  NAL Call No.:  421-J822
 Field evaluation of insecticide application strategies on development of insecticide resistance by
 Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera:  Chrysomelidae).
 Huang, H.; Smilowitz, Z.; Saunders, M. C.; Weisz, R. J-econ-entomol v.87(4): p.847-857. (1994
 Aug.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  leptinotarsa-decemlineata; fenvalerate-; endosulfan-; azinphos-methyl-; oxamyl-;
 bacillus-thuringiensis; application-methods; insecticide- resistance; integrated-pest-management;
 pennsylvania-; esfenvalerate-; bacillus-thuringiensis-subsp; -tenebrionis
 
 Abstract:  Five insecticide application regimes were evaluated to investigate their influence on
 development of insecticide resistance in field  populations of Colorado potato beetle,
 Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say).  These regimes included season-long sequential esfenvalerate 
 applications; two alternate uses of esfenvalerate, azinphosmethyl, endosulfan, oxamyl, and
 Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. tenebrionis; an integrated  pest management (IPM) program; and one
 early season esfenvalerate application.  Response of Colorado potato beetle from each treatment
 to  four insecticides was determined at the beginning and end of the growing season.  A
 filter-paper technique was used to estimate the  concentration-response relationship for first
 instars, and a topical application bioassay was used to measure response of adults.  Differences in 
 esfenvalerate susceptibility existed among treatments in the early season; these differences were
 correlated with frequency of esfenvalerate  applications during the previous season. Populations
 from all field treatments at the end of season showed an increase in resistance to  esfenvalerate
 and endosulfan but not to azinphosmethyl or oxamyl.  Increases in resistance generally were
 related to the frequency that a  specific chemical was applied.  We observed significant
 correlations between increase in esfenvalerate resistance and number of esfenvalerate 
 applications in a given regime; 10 applications resulted in a 3.6-fold increase. Direct selection by
 esfenvalerate appeared to be the primary  factor in development of resistance in these
 populations. Consequently, we suggest that reduction of repeated pyrethroid use is critical for 
 limiting resistance development.  The lowest increase in.  development.
 
 85.  NAL Call No.:  75.8-P842
 Field selection for esfenvalerate resistance by the Colorado potato beetle.
 Huang, H.; Smilowitz, Z.; Saunders, M. C.; Weisz, R. Am-potato-j v.72(1): p.1-12. (1995 Jan.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  solanum-tuberosum; leptinotarsa-decemlineata; insecticide-resistance;
 pyrethroid-insecticides; azinphos-methyl-; endosulfan-; oxamyl-; bacillus-thuringiensis;
 cryolite-; integrated-pest-management; chemical-control; insecticide-application; regimes-;
 sequential-application
 
 86.  NAL Call No.:  S544.3.N7A4
 Fighting fungi provide biocontrol of grape diseases.
 Bernard, L. Agfocus p.16. (1994 July)
 Descriptors:  fungal-diseases; biological-control; vitis-vinifera; vitis-labrusca; mildews-;
 fusarium-proliferatum; new-york
 
 87.  NAL Call No.:  SB945.F8F75--1994
 Fruit flies and the sterile insect technique.
 Calkins, C. O.;  Klassen, W.;  Liedo, P.; International Congress of Entomology (1992 : Peking,
 C.  258p. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL , 1994)
 Papers from the International Congress of Entomology, held in Beijing, China, June 27-July 4,
 1992.
 Descriptors:  Fruit-flies-Biological-control-Congresses; Insect-sterilization-Congresses
 
 88.  NAL Call No.:  80-Ac82
 Fruit set and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.) under integrated management to reduce ringspot
 viruses effects.
 Perez, E. G.; Hernandez, A. Y. L.; Ortiz, D. T.; Angel, D. N. Acta-hortic (370): p.145-150. (1995
 Sept.)
 Paper presented at the International Symposium on Tropical Fruits: Improving the Quality of
 Tropical Fruits, November 7-12, 1993,  Vitoria, Espirito Santo State, Brazil.
 Descriptors:  carica-papaya; papaw-ringspot-virus; fruiting-; crop-quality; crop-yield;
 crop-management; integrated-control; mexico-
 
 89.  NAL Call No.:  QH540.E23
 Fundamental differences between conventional and organic tomato agroecosystems in California.
 Drinkwater, L. E.; Letourneau, D. K.; Workneh, F.; Van Bruggen, A. H.; Shennan, C. Ecol-appl
 v.5(4): p.1098-1112. (1995 Nov.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  lycopersicon-esculentum; organic-farming; farming-; fertilizers-; pesticides-;
 organic-amendments; biological-control; soil-chemistry; soil- biology; soil-flora; soil-insects;
 soil-arthropods; insect-communities; community-ecology; biological-activity-in-soil;
 pyrenochaeta-lycopersici; fungal-diseases; crop-yield; insect-pests; nitrogen-; mineralization-;
 low-input-agriculture; california-; conventional-farming
 
 90.  NAL Call No.:  SB945.F8F79-1996
 Future trends in fruit fly management.
 Aluja, M. Fruit fly pests  a world assessment of their biology and management / p.309-320.
 (1996)
 Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance
 held June 5-10, 1994, Sand Key, Florida.
 Descriptors:  tephritidae-; insect-pests; insect-control; integrated-pest-management; habitats-;
 sterile-insect-release; biological-control; parasites-of- insect-pests
 
 91.  NAL Call No.:  S605.5.O74
 Get beneficials to protect your garden.
 Poncavage, J. Org-gard v.43(5): p.36-40. (1996 May-1996 June)
 Descriptors:  horticultural-crops; insect-control; biological-control; beneficial-organisms;
 domestic-gardens
 
 92.  NAL Call No.:  80-Am329
 Growing orchids the organic way.
 Kapuler, A. M. Am-Orchid-Soc-bull v.63(7): p.774-779. (1994 July)
 Descriptors:  orchidaceae-; greenhouse-culture; organic-farming; integrated-pest-management
 
 93.  NAL Call No.:  SB608.T87H35--1994
 Handbook of integrated pest management for turfgrass and ornamentals.  Integrated pest
 management for turfgrass and ornamentals.
 Leslie, A. R. 1.  660 p. (Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton FL, 1994)
 Rev. ed. of: Integrated pest management for turfgrass and ornamentals. 1989.
 Descriptors:  Turfgrasses-Diseases-and-pests-Integrated-control-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc;
 Landscape-plants-Diseases-and-pests-Integrated-control- Handbooks,-manuals,-etc;
 Turf-management-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc
 
 94.  NAL Call No.:  SB599.J69
 Host plant resistance to insects in integrated pest management in vegetable crops.
 Eigenbrode, S. D.; Trumble, J. T. J-agric-entomol v.11(3): p.201-224. (1994 July)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  vegetables-; insect-pests; pest-resistance; varietal-resistance;
 integrated-pest-management; integrated-control; plant-breeding
 
 95.  NAL Call No.:  421-J822
 Host preference and suitability of two aphelinid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) for
 aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) on citrus.
 Yokomi, R. K.; Tang, T. Q. J-econ-entomol v.88(4): p.840-845. (1995 Aug.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  aphis-gossypii; aphis-spiraecola; toxoptera-aurantii; aphelinus-; parasitoids-;
 host-preferences; parasitism-; sex-ratio; body-weight; parasites-of-insect-pests;
 biological-control-agents; species-differences; citrus-; aphelinus-spiraecolae; aphelinus-gossypii;
 host-suitability
 
 Abstract:  Laboratory tests were conducted to estimate the host preference and suitability of the
 aphelinid parasitoids, Aphelinus spiraecolae Evans &  Schauff and Aphelinus gossypii
 Timberlake, for the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover; the spirea aphid, Aphis spiraecola
 Patch; and the  black citrus aphid, Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe). Both parasitoids
 attacked all 3 host aphids in choice tests, but A. spiraecolae  showed a preference for the spirea
 aphid; whereas Aphelinus gossypii preferred the melon aphid. Results were similar in no-choice
 tests. Adult  emergence rate of A. spiraecolae was substantially higher when the spirea aphid and
 the black citrus aphid were hosts compared with when the  host was the melon aphid. A.
 spiraecolae female sex ratios were higher when the host was the spirea aphid than with the black
 citrus aphid or  the melon aphid. Aphelinus gossypii adult emergence rates were higher on the
 melon aphid than on the spirea aphid or the black citrus aphid.  Female sex ratios of Aphelinus
 gossypii were 70.2, 54.5, and 62.3% when reared on the melon aphid, spirea aphid, and the black
 citrus aphid,  respectively, but these differences were not statistically significant. Development
 times of the aphelinids reared on the 3 aphid hosts were not  significantly different. Adult
 biomass of A. spiraecolae was higher when reared on the spirea aphid (30.3 and 22.2 micrograms
 for females and  males, respectively) than on the melon aphid (23.1 and 17.9 micrograms) or the
 black citrus aphid (28.8 and 22.0 micrograms). Biomass of  Aphelinus gossypii were higher
 when reared on the melon aphid (33.6 and 22.1 micrograms for females and males, respectively)
 and the black  citrus aphid (32.6.  preferred and suitable host for A. spiraecolae, whereas the
 melon aphid was a preferred host of Aphelinus gossypii under our test conditions.  These
 aphelinids, therefore, may have potential to act in concert as natural enemies of aphids on citrus.
 
 96.  NAL Call No.:  SB599.C8
 Hot pepper (Capsicum spp.) production on Java, Indonesia: toward integrated crop management.
 Vos, J. G. M.; Duriat, A. S. Crop-prot v.14(3): p.205-213. (1995 May)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  capsicum-; crop-production; crop-management; integrated-control; plant-diseases;
 plant-protection; crop-yield; tropics-; indonesia-
 
 Abstract:  In Indonesia, hot pepper (Cupsicum spp.) is the most important low elevation
 vegetable commodity in terms of production area and value.  The yield levels are low (2.8 t ha
 (-1) in 1989). Poor crop health, low quality of seed material, high production costs, fluctuating
 market prices.  and farmers' lack of knowledge are major production constraints. Integrated crop
 management (ICM) is proposed to overcome major problems  with crop health. ICM focuses on
 crop health by optimizing crop conditions. ICM seems to be a suitable approach for vegetable
 production  under tropical lowland conditions, and should lead to ecologically. toxicologically
 and socio-economically sound practices.
 
 97.  NAL Call No.:  448.3-Ap5
 Hrp- mutants of Pseudomonas solanacearum as potential biocontrol agents of tomato bacterial
 wilt.
 Frey, P.; Prior, P.; Marie, C.; Kotoujansky, A.; Trigalet Demery, D.; Trigalet, A.
 Appl-environ-microbiol v.60(9): p.3175-3181. (1994 Sept.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  lycopersicon-esculentum; pseudomonas-solanacearum; wilts-; mutants-;
 antagonism-; biological-competition; plant-disease-control; colonizing-ability; roots-; stems-;
 fruits-; bacteriocins-; antibacterial-properties
 
 Abstract:  There have been many attempts to control bacterial wilt with antagonistic bacteria or
 spontaneous nonpathogenic mutants of Pseudomonas  solanacearum that lack the ability to
 colonize the host, but they have met with limited success. Since a large gene cluster (hrp) is
 involved in the  pathogenicity of P. solanacearum, we developed a biological control strategy
 using genetically engineered Hrp- mutants of P. solanacearum.  Three pathogenic strains
 collected in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) were rendered nonpathogenic by insertion of an
 omega-Km interposon  within the hrp gene cluster of each strain. The resulting Hrp- mutants
 were tested for their ability to control bacterial wilt in challenge  inoculation experiments
 conducted either under growth chamber conditions or under greenhouse conditions in
 Guadeloupe. Compared with the  colonization by a pathogenic strain which spread throughout
 the tomato plant, colonization by the mutants was restricted to the roots and the  lower part of the
 stems. The mutants did not reach the fruit. Moreover, the presence of the mutants did not affect
 fruit production. When the  plants were challenge inoculated with a pathogenic strain, the
 presence of Hrp- mutants within the plants was correlated with a reduction in  disease severity,
 although pathogenic bacteria colonized the stem tissue at a higher density than the nonpathogenic
 bacteria. Challenge  inoculation experiments conducted under growth chamber conditions led, in
 some cases, to exclusion of the pathogenic strain from the aerial  part of the plant, resulting in
 high protection rates. Furthermore, there was evidence that one of the pathogenic strains used for
 the challenge  inoculations produced a bacteriocin that.
 
 98.  NAL Call No.:  420-H312
 Increased green onion yields associated with abamectin treatments for Liriomyza sativae
 (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and Thrips tabaci
 Kawate, M. K.; Coughlin, J. A. Proc-Hawaii-Entomol-Soc. Honolulu : Hawaiian Entomological
 Society  v.32p.103-112 (1995 Aug.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  allium-cepa; liriomyza-sativae; thrips-tabaci; abamectin-; application-rates;
 parasitoids-; mortality-; crop-damage; crop-yield; economic- analysis;
 integrated-pest-management; hawaii-
 
 99.  NAL Call No.:  421-J822
 Indirect effect of insecticides on convergent lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in pecan
 orchards.
 Hurej, M.; Dutcher, J. D. J-econ-entomol v.87(6): p.1632-1635. (1994 Dec.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  hippodamia-convergens; larvae-; developmental-stages; beneficial-insects;
 biological-control-agents; monelliopsis-pecanis; endosulfan-; carbaryl-; phosmet-; methomyl-;
 fenvalerate-; feeding-; mortality-; adult-insects; esfenvalerate-
 
 Abstract:  Indirect toxicity through feeding on insecticide-treated prey was determined for five
 insecticides at two concentrations each to larvae and  adults of convergent lady beetle,
 Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville. Endosulfan (0.375 and 0.75 g [AI]/liter), carbaryl
 (1.2 and 2.4 g  [AI]/liter), phosmet (0.375 and 0.75 g [AI]/liter), methomyl (0.225 and 0.45 g
 [AI]/liter), and esfenvalerate (0.015 and 0.03 g [AI]/liter) were  toxic to larvae and adults when
 convergent lady beetles were fed insecticide-treated yellow pecan aphids, Monelliopsis pecanis
 Bissell.  Esfenvalerate was a fast-acting insecticide, killing all tested convergent lady beetle life
 stages 1 h after feeding on treated yellow pecan aphids.  Carbaryl and phosmet were slow-acting
 insecticides, causing the greatest mortality after 48 h. Methomyl was the only insecticide that did
 not  cause 100% mortality to adult convergent lady beetles 48 h after feeding on
 insecticide-treated yellow pecan aphids, at both rates tested.
 
 100.      NAL Call No.:  1.9-P69P
 Induced tolerance to mal secco disease in Etrog citron and Rangpur lime by infection with the
 citrus exocortis viroid.
 Solel, Z.; Mogilner, N.; Gafny, R.; Bar Joseph, M. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American
 Phytopathological Society]  v.79 (1)p.60-62 (1995 Jan.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  citrus-limonia; citrus-medica; citrus-volkameriana; rootstocks-;
 deuterophoma-tracheiphila; fungal-diseases; citrus-exocortis-viroid; strains-; infections-;
 induced-resistance; symptoms-; incidence-; biological-control; plant-disease-control
 
 101.      NAL Call No.:  SB925.B5
 Influence of guava ripening on parasitism of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis
 (Hendel)(Diptera: Tephritidae), by Diachasmimorpha  longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera:
 Braconidae) and other parasitoids.
 Purcell, M. F.; Jackson, C. G.; Long, J. P.; Batchelor, M. A. Biol-control v.4(4): p.396-403.
 (1994 Dec.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  psidium-guajava; insect-pests; bactrocera-dorsalis; insect-control;
 biological-control; biological-control-agents; braconidae-; parasitoids-; parasites-of-insect-pests;
 ripening-; parasitism-; biosteres-arisanus; tetrastichus-; biosteres-; population-density-cabt;
 estimation-cabt; parasitoid- augmentation-cabt; hawaii-; tetrastichus-giffardianus;
 biosteres-vandenboschi; psyttalia-incisi
 
 Abstract:  The effects of guava ripening on abundance and parasitism rates of parasitoids of
 oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), were  determined in three guava (Psidium guajava
 L.) orchards. Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) was released in Kilauea, Kauai, and 
 Waiakea, Hawaii. Natural densities of this parasitoid were measured in a third orchard in
 Panaewa, Hawaii. Fruits ripening on the tree and the  ground after abscission of fruit were
 classified into four categories, ranging from to mature-green to rotten fruit. The egg parasitoid,
 Biosteres  arisanus (Sonan) was the dominant parasitoid emerging from tree-harvested guavas at
 all sites and composed 90-98% of all parasitoids  recovered but decreased in abundance as guava
 fruit aged on the ground. In all three orchards, D. Longicaudata increased in abundance and 
 parasitism rates were highest in guavas that remained on the ground for 6-10 days. Consequently,
 the impact of this parasitoid is usually  underestimated by sampling commercially ripe guava
 fruit from the tree or freshly fallen fruit on the ground. The eulophid parasitoid,  Tetrastichus
 giffardianus (Silvestri), was more abundant in 4- to 9-day-old ground fruit. We discuss modified
 sampling methods for population  estimation and augmentative release studies of parasitoids of
 oriental fruit fly.
 
 102.      NAL Call No.:  1.9-P69P
 Influence of isolates of Gliocladium virens and delivery systems on biological control of
 southern blight on carrot and tomato in the field.
 Ristaino, J. B.; Lewis, J. A.; Lumsden, R. D. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American
 Phytopathological Society]  v. 78 (2)p.153-156 (1994 Feb.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  daucus-carota; lycopersicon-esculentum; corticium-rolfsii; blight-;
 gliocladium-virens; strains-; biological-control-agents; biological- control; plant-disease-control;
 comparisons-; quintozene-; flutolanil-; incidence-; crop-yield; north-carolina; disease-incidence
 
 103.      NAL Call No.:  80-Ac82
 Influence of soilless cultivation on soilborne diseases.
 Gullino, M. L.; Garibaldi, A. Acta-hortic (361): p.341-354. (1994 June)
 Paper presented at the International Symposium on New Cultivation Systems in Greenhouse held
 April 26-30, 1993, Cagliari, Italy.
 Descriptors:  soilless-culture; greenhouse-crops; fungal-diseases; plant-diseases; plant-pathogens;
 plant-disease-control; biological-control; disease- transmission; horticultural-crops;
 soilborne-pathogens
 
 104.      NAL Call No.:  275.29-M381Fr
 Influence of understory growth and quantity of drops on the establishment of voles in apple
 orchards.
 Prokopy, R.; Mason, J. Fruit-notes v.59(4): p.10-11. (1994 Fall)
 Descriptors:  orchards-; roles-; integrated-pest-management
 
 105.      NAL Call No.:  QL461.E532
 Inoculative release of Steinernema scapterisci (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) to suppress pest
 mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)  on golf courses.
 Parkman, J. P.; Frank, J. H.; Nguyen, K. B.; Smart, G. C. Jr. Environ-entomol v.23(5):
 p.1331-1337. (1994 Oct.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  lawns-and-turf; scapteriscus-; steinernema-; entomophilic-nematodes;
 biological-control; insect-control; golf-courses; florida-
 
 Abstract:  Single inoculative applications of Steinernema scapterisci were made on golf courses
 in north central (Alachua County) and southeastern  (Broward County) Florida.
 Nematode-infected Scapteriscus spp. mole crickets were collected from eight of nine treated
 plots and from five of  six treated plots in Alachua and Broward counties, respectively. However,
 infected individuals were collected with regularity from only two  courses in Alachua County
 where level of infection was greatest during the spring (March-June). Weekly infection levels for
 weeks 1-12 after  treatment ranged from 0-100%. Infection of Scapteriscus spp. adults from
 treated plots in Alachua County, 25.2%, was significantly greater  than that for nymphs, 1.2%;
 and infection of Scapteriscus borellii, 25.0%, was significantly greater than that of S. vicinus,
 11.0%. Nematode- infected mole crickets were collected from four control plots in Alachua
 County and from one in Broward County during the 2nd yr after  treatment. Significantly fewer
 mole crickets were collected in 24-h trap catches the 2nd yr after treatment on all treated plots
 combined and  control plots combined in both counties. Mean trap catch was reduced 68, 62, and
 41% the 2nd yr on treated plots where the nematode  persisted; on control plots where infected
 crickets were collected; and on control plots where the nematode was not detected, respectively. 
 Damage ratings and number of mole crickets soap-flushed from treated plots were significantly
 reduced the 2nd yr after treatment. Results  indicate S. scapterisci can serve as an inoculative
 biological control agent for Scapteriscus of pest populations.
 
 106.      NAL Call No.:  420-B77
 Insect pest and natural enemy populations in paired organic and conventional apple orchards in
 the Yakima Valley, Washington.
 Knight, A. J-Entomol-Soc-BC. Vancouver : The Society  v.91p.27-36 (1994 Dec.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  malus-pumila; mites-; insect-pests; orchards-; organic-farming; natural-enemies;
 predators-of-insect-pests; parasites-of-insect-pests; insect- control; mite-control;
 chemical-control; carbamate-pesticides; organophosphorus-insecticides;
 biological-control-agents; population-density; crop-damage; low-input-agriculture; washington-;
 fruit-injury
 
 107.      NAL Call No.:  HD1476.U52C27
 Insectary plants.
 Long, R. Small-farm-news. Davis, Calif. : U.C.D. Small Farm Center  p. 4 (1995 Sept.-1995
 Oct.)
 Descriptors:  host-plants; attractants-; predators-of-insect-pests; flowering-date; insect-pests;
 biological-control; flowering-plants
 
 108.      NAL Call No.:  100-C12Cag
 Integrated citrus thrips control reduces secondary pests.
 Grafton Cardwell, B.; Eller, A.; O'Connell, N. Calif-agric v.49(2): p.23-28. (1995 Mar.-1995
 Apr.)
 Descriptors:  integrated-pest-management; citrus-fruits; thrips-; crop-damage; insecticides-;
 california-
 
 109.      NAL Call No.:  S3.N672--Suppl.-no.17
 Integrated control of pome fruit diseases : proceedings of the 3rd workshop held 1993 at Lofthus,
 Norway.
 Butt, D. J.; Integrated Control of Pome Fruit Diseases Workshop (3rd : 1992 : Lufthus, N.  441p.
 ( Agricultural University of Norway, Advisory Service , [As, Norway] , 1994)
 Includes bibliographical references.
 
 
 110.      NAL Call No.:  80-Ac82
 Integrated management of papaya in Mexico.
 Flores Revilla, C.; Garcia, C.; Nieto Angel, E.; Teliz Ortiz, A. D.; Villanueva Jimenez, J. A.
 Acta-hortic (370): p.151-158. (1995 Sept.)
 Paper presented at the International Symposium on Tropical Fruits: Improving the Quality of
 Tropical Fruits, November 7-12, 1993,  Vitoria, Espirito Santo State, Brazil.
 Descriptors:  carica-papaya; papaw-ringspot-virus; crop-management; disease-vectors;
 crop-density; crop-yield; integrated-control; integrated-pest- management; mexico-
 
 111.      NAL Call No.:  SB608.P8B63--1994
 Integrated pest management for Idaho : potatoes : pocket manual.  Potatoes : integrated pest
 management for Idaho.
 Bohl, W.;  Bechinski, E.; University of Idaho. Cooperative Extension System.  43p. (College of
 Agriculture, University of Idaho, Cooperative Extension System , Moscow, Idaho , [1994])
 Cover title.
 Descriptors:  Potatoes-Diseases-and-pests-Integrated-control-Idaho-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc;
 Pests-Integrated-control-Idaho-Handbooks,-manuals,-etc
 
 112.      NAL Call No.:  421-An72
 Integrated pest management in European apple orchards.
 Blommers, L. H. M. Annu-rev-entomol. Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, inc.  v.39p.213-241
 (1994)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  integrated-pest-management; apples-; orchards-; malus-pumila; insect-pests;
 dysaphis-plantaginea; insect-control; mite-control; biological- control; chemical-control;
 natural-enemies; biological-control-agents; typhlodromus-pyri; pesticide-resistance;
 predators-of-insect-pests; literature-reviews; europe-
 
 113.      NAL Call No.:  TX341.F662
 Integrated pest management in tree fruit crops.
 Brunner, J. F. Food-rev-int v.10(2): p.135-157. (1994)
 Special issue on Integrated pest management.
 Descriptors:  fruit-trees; integrated-pest-management; history-; pesticide-resistance;
 literature-reviews
 
 114.      NAL Call No.:  80-Ac82
 Integrated pest management in vegetable production.
 Sastrosiswojo, S. Acta-hortic (369): p.85-100. (1994 Sept.)
 Paper presented at the Joint Symposium on Small Scale Vegetable Production and Horticultural
 Economics in Developing Countries, June  23-26, 1992, Bogor, Indonesia.
 Descriptors:  vegetables-; cultivation-; plant-pests; plant-diseases; chemical-control; pesticides-;
 adverse-effects; integrated-pest-management; biological-control; indonesia-
 
 115.      NAL Call No.:  TX341.F662
 Integrated pest management in vegetables.
 Zehnder, G. Food-rev-int v.10(2): p.119-134. (1994)
 Special issue on Integrated pest management.
 Descriptors:  vegetables-; integrated-pest-management; food-acceptability; food-safety;
 literature-reviews
 
 116.      NAL Call No.:  TP248.27.P55P54
 Integrated pest management (IPM) in fruit orchards.
 Edland, T. Plant-microb-biotechnol-res-ser. Cambridge [England] ; New York, NY, USA :
 Cambridge University Press  v.4p.44-50 (1995)
 In the series analytic: Biological control: Benefits and risks / edited by H.M.T. Hokkanen and
 J.M. Lynch.
 Descriptors:  orchards-; fruit-trees; insect-pests; integrated-pest-management; integrated-control;
 insecticides-; acaricides-; biological-control-agents; biological-control; introduced-species;
 natural-enemies; predatory-mites; parasites-of-insect-pests; predators-of-insect-pests;
 literature-reviews
 
 117.      NAL Call No.:  S95.E24
 Integrated pest management on grapes in Ontario.
 McFadden, W. Spec-rep-N-Y-State-Agric-Exp-Stn (68): p.108. (1994 Jan.)
 Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Grapevine Downy Mildew Modeling, held
 Aug 26-30, 1991, Cornell University,  Geneva, New York.
 Descriptors:  vitis-; integrated-pest-management; plant-diseases; plant-disorders; fungicides-;
 ontario-; endopiza-vitieana
 
 118.      NAL Call No.:  SB1.H6
 Integrating biological control into postharvest disease management strategies.
 Roberts, R. G. HortScience v.29(7): p.758-762. (1994 July)
 Paper presented at the colloquium "Management of Postharvest Disease Resistance in
 Horticultural Crops" held at the 88th American  Society for Horticultural Science Annual
 Meeting, July 23, 1991, University Park, Pennsylvania.
 Descriptors:  postharvest-decay; fruit-; apples-; vegetables-; biological-control;
 fungal-antagonists; biological-control-agents
 
 119.      NAL Call No.:  1.9-P69P
 Integration of cultural methods with yeast treatment for control of postharvest fruit decay in pear.
 Sugar, D.; Roberts, R. G.; Hilton, R. J.; Righetti, T. L.; Sanchez, E. E. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn.,
 American Phytopathological Society]  v.78 (8)p.791-795 (1994 Aug.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  pyrus-communis; penicillium-; phialophora-; postharvest-decay;
 cryptococcus-deuteromycotina; cryptococcus-laurentii; biological-control- agents;
 biological-control; integrated-control; thiabendazole-; controlled-atmosphere-storage;
 harvesting-date; calcium-; nitrogen-content; fruits- ; cryptococcus-flavus
 
 120.      NAL Call No.:  450-P5622
 Interactions between the glycoalkaloids solasonine and solamargine in relation to inhibition of
 fungal growth.
 Fewell, A. M.; Roddick, J. G.; Weissenberg, M. Phytochemistry-Oxford v.37(4): p.1007-1011.
 (1994 Nov.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  solanum-khasianum; fruits-; plant-extracts; antifungal-properties; glycoalkaloids-;
 phoma-medicaginis; alternaria-brassicicola; rhizoctonia- solani; plant-pathogenic-fungi;
 plant-disease-control; biological-control; synergism-; mycelium-; growth-; inhibition-
 
 Abstract:  Inhibition of mycelium development in Phoma medicaginis and Rhizoctonia solani by
 solamargine and solasonine generally increased  with increasing pH. P. medicaginis was the
 more susceptible species and solamargine the more potent compound. Solasonine was inactive 
 against R. solani over the tested pH range (5-8). Dose-response curves confirmed these
 differential effects. Solamargine caused 50% growth  inhibition in P. medicaginis at 60
 micromolar (at pH 7) whereas no other treatment achieved this effect at 100 micromolar.
 Combinations of 50  micromolar of each glycoalkaloid produced synergistic effects against both
 fungi, especially R. solani which was essentially unaffected by  either compound, but
 significantly inhibited by a 1:1 mixture of the two. The magnitude of the synergism was not
 affected by a pH change  between 6 and 7. Spore germination in Alternaria brassicicola was
 markedly inhibited by 100 micromolar solamargine but unaffected by 100  micromolar
 solasonine or either compound at 50 micromolar. In P. medicaginis, neither glycoalkaloid was
 inhibitory up to 150 micromolar. In  combination, the two compounds caused synergistic effects
 in both species, but to a much greater extent in A. brassicicola.
 
 121.      NAL Call No.:  SB945.F8F79-1996
 Inundative release of the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata for the control of the
 Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa.
 Burns, R. E.; Diaz, J. D.; Holler, T. C. Fruit fly pests  a world assessment of their biology and
 management / p.377-381. (1996)
 Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance
 held June 5-10, 1994, Sand Key, Florida.
 Descriptors:  anastrepha-suspensa; braconidae-; parasitoids-; parasites-of-insect-pests;
 parasitoid-augmentation; insect-control; florida-
 
 122.      NAL Call No.:  aZ5071.N3
 IPM and biological control of plant pests: horticultural crops, January 1992-December 1993.
 Gates, J. P. Quick-bibliogr-ser. Beltsville, Md., National Agricultural Library  v.94-12p.84 (1994
 Mar.)
 Updates QB 92-41.
 Descriptors:  horticultural-crops; integrated-pest-management; plant-pests;
 biological-control-agents; natural-enemies; bibliographies-
 
 123.      NAL Call No.:  60.18-UN33
 IPM, monitoring, and management plans--a mandate for the future.
 Peacock, C. H.; Smart, M. M. USGA-Green-Sect-rec v.33(3): p.10-14. (1995 May-1995 June)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  integrated-pest-management; golf-courses; insect-pests; lawns-and-turf; pesticides-;
 monitoring-; environmental-management; sustainability-
 
 124.      NAL Call No.:  QH301.N32
 IPM of Thrips palmi in vegetables.
 Johnson, M. W. NATO-ASI-ser,-Ser-A,-Life-sci. New York : Plenum  v.276p.381-387 (1995)
 In the series analytic: Thrips biology and management / edited by B. L. Parker, M. Skinner and
 T. Lewis.  28-30, 1993, Burlington, Vermont.
 Descriptors:  citrullus-lanatus; cucumis-sativus; thrips-palmi; infestation-;
 integrated-pest-management; oxamyl-; avermectins-; chemical-control; low- input-agriculture;
 frankliniella-occidentalis; damage-; leaves-; population-density; crop-yield; hawaii-
 
 125.      NAL Call No.:  81-M384
 IPM systems for orchard soils: groundcover management vs. weed control.
 Merwin, I. N-Engl-fruit-meet. North Amherst, Mass. : Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association 
 v.101p.43-49 (1995)
 Meeting held January 18-19, 1995, Sturbridge, Massachusetts.
 Descriptors:  integrated-pest-management; orchards-; ground-cover-plants; weed-control;
 cover-crops; mulches-; herbicides-; new-york
 
 126.      NAL Call No.:  QL461.E532
 Is the Oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) a natural host for the opiine parasitoid
 Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).
 Ramadan, M. M.; Wong, T. T. Y.; Herr, J. C. Environ-entomol v.23(3): p.761-769. (1994 June)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  bactrocera-dorsalis; braconidae-; parasitoids-; biological-control-agents;
 host-preferences; diachasmimorpha-longicaudata; superparasitism-
 
 Abstract:  Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to determine the suitability of the
 oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), for the  development of Diachasmimorpha tryoni
 (Cameron). In the laboratory, parasitism of individual B. dorsalis larvae by 6-10 D. tryoni eggs
 killed  and prevented the pupation of 8.0 +/- 3.7% of the parasitized hosts and the emergence of
 50.0 +/- 7.1% of the puparia. Mortality of immature B.  dorsalis increased significantly as the
 rate of superparasitism increased. A mean of 68.0 +/- 6.6% of B. dorsalis that received 1-5 D.
 tryoni eggs  per larva pupated and eclosed to morphologically normal flies. These flies contained
 melanized eggs of the parasitoid in their abdomens. In  uneclosed hosts which received 6-10
 parasitoid eggs per larva, melanized eggs along with 1-6 melanized first-instar parasitoids were
 recorded.  Parasitism of B. dorsalis by D. tryoni alone never results in parasitoid development
 beyond the first instar. However, in a heterospecific  parasitism test involving D. tryoni and
 Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), approximately equal to 1/10 of the parasitized
 puparia  eclosed to adult D. tryoni. Average percentage of D. tryoni females emerging from such
 neutralized B. dorsalis (parasitized by D. longicaudata  before or after exposure to D. tryoni to
 block host immunity) was 81 to 92%. Emergence of D. tryoni from field collected B. dorsalis
 was also  very low (0.35% emergence; 8 D. tryoni adults out of 2,279 B. dorsalis puparia). We
 conclude that contrary to the published host-range lists,  neither laboratory-reared nor wild B.
 dorsalis are natural hosts for the opiine parasitoid D. tryoni.
 
 127.      NAL Call No.:  421-J822
 Knowledge-based reasoning in integrated resistance management: the Colorado potato beetle
 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).
 Weisz, R.; Saunders, M.; Smilowitz, Z.; Huang, H.; Christ, B. J-econ-entomol v.87(6):
 p.1384-1399. (1994 Dec.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  leptinotarsa-decemlineata; insect-pests; insecticide-resistance;
 integrated-pest-management; crop-yield; production-; economics-; expert- systems
 
 Abstract:  The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is one of 13 insect and
 mite species in which development of insecticide  resistance has become "critical." In this paper,
 we review methods for controlling this important agricultural pest while managing insecticide 
 resistance. Many of these strategies were incorporated into an integrated pest management (IPM)
 program for northeastern potato growers and  encapsulated in a knowledge-based expert system
 (PotatoES). Three years of field trails evaluating the IPM expert system's ability to act as a 
 surrogate for a human specialist, its capability to manage Colorado potato beetle resistance
 development in experimental and commercial fields,  and its impact on crop yields and
 production economics were conducted. Comparison of management recommendations made by
 PotatoES with  those of a human IPM specialist demonstrated a high degree of agreement. Under
 experimental field conditions Colorado potato beetle  insecticide resistance development was
 always best managed in populations controlled with the IPM program. In commercial production 
 settings, the expert system resulted in similar (under low insect pressure) or superior (under
 higher insect pressure) control of resistance  development compared with grower practices.
 Implementation of the IPM program in commercial production was more expensive than 
 standard practices, but resulted in higher crop yields and greater net profits. These results
 demonstrate the potential utility of knowledge-based  approaches to integrated resistance
 management by showing that these systems can capture and faithfully represent the specialized
 crop, insect,  and disease management knowledge of.  practically used as a treatment in a field
 trial and, as such, be validated in terms of their worth in agricultural decision support.
 
 128.      NAL Call No.:  420-F662
 Laboratory and field olfactory attraction of the Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) to
 metabolites of bacterial species.
 Martinez, A. J.; Robacker, D. C.; Garcia, J. A.; Esau, K. L. Fla-entomol v.77(1): p.117-126.
 (1994 Mar.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  anastrepha-ludens; insect-pests; bacteria-; metabolites-; insect-attractants;
 trapping-; insect-control; biological-control; biological-control- agents
 
 129.      NAL Call No.:  421-J822
 Laboratory evaluation of mineral oils for control of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
 Riedl, H.; Halaj, J.; Kreowski, W. B.; Hilton, R. J.; Westigard, P. H. J-econ-entomol v.88(1):
 p.140-147. (1995 Feb.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  cydia-pomonella; mineral-oils; application-rates; ova-; topical-application; larvae-;
 developmental-stages; mortality-; fruits-; behavior- patterns; insect-control; biological-control;
 efficacy-; adult-insects; avoidance-behavior
 
 Abstract:  Horticultural mineral oils are ovicides against the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.),
 when applied directly to the eggs. The  susceptibility of eggs to the oil varied depending on the
 substrate on which eggs were laid. On an inert surface such as waxed paper, young eggs  were
 three times as susceptible as eggs laid on apples. Susceptibility to oil changed little throughout
 the incubation period except just before  hatch when egg susceptibility dropped markedly. There
 was no difference in ovicidal activity among three commercial horticultural mineral  oils. Eggs
 laid on top of oil residue were not affected at labeled rates. Topical treatment of neonates caused
 no mortality at concentrations  equivalent to field rates. Oil residue on the fruit surface did not
 inhibit neonates from entering fruit tissue. Moths suffered no mortality from  direct oil
 treatments. Although the total number of eggs deposited by oil-treated and untreated moths was
 the same (107.5 and 90.3 eggs per  female, respectively), treated moths discharged their egg
 supply at a faster rate. Female moths avoided fruit surface with oil residue for  oviposition.
 Results suggest that dilute applications of 1% horticultural mineral oil may not be adequate for
 reducing codling moth egg hatch in  the field.
 
 130.      NAL Call No.:  421-J822
 Lack of efficacy of in vivo- and putatively in vitro-produced Bacillus popilliae against field
 populations of Japanese beetle (Coleoptera:  Scarabaeidae) grubs in Kentucky.
 Redmond, C. T.; Potter, D. A. J-econ-entomol v.88(4): p.846-854. (1995 Aug.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  popillia-japonica; bacillus-popilliae; efficacy-; bacterial-spores; formulations-;
 in-vitro; comparisons-; infectivity-; larvae-; entomopathogenic-bacteria; bacterial-diseases;
 feeding-behavior; lawns-and-turf; biological-control; biological-control-agents; kentucky-;
 milky-disease
 
 Abstract:  Use of Bacillus popilliae Dutky, causal agent of milky disease in Japanese beetle
 grubs, has been limited because of its inability to  produce infective spores in vitro. Recently,
 putative milky disease products produced by a patented in vitro process were marketed. We 
 evaluated in vivo- and putatively in vitro-produced commercial spore formulations for efficacy
 against Japanese beetle grubs in laboratory and  field trials. In soil confinement assays,
 infectivity by feeding (per os) was greater for the traditional spore powder made by maceration
 of  diseased grubs than for the putative in vitro formulation. However, in multi-year field trials
 on 2 golf courses, neither product was effective in  inducing higher levels of milky disease or in
 reducing grub populations. Application of a full dose (2 g) of spore powder, the amount normally 
 applied every 1.2 m in a grid pattern, within 0.1-m2 field enclosures failed to induce milky
 disease in grub populations in soil directly beneath  the treated turf. Laboratory-infected 3rd
 instars in late phases of milky disease continued to feed on grass roots. Putatively in
 vitro-produced  formulations were recalled from the market in 1991 because of questions about
 the identity of the bacterial spores they contained. We challenge  the evidence that commercially
 available spore powder, applied according to conventional methods, is effective for suppressing
 localized grub  populations in turfgrass, and suggest that standard recommended practices for use
 of milky disease bacteria should be reevaluated.
 
 131.      NAL Call No.:  421-J822
 Larviposition response of Myiopharus doryphorae (Diptera: Tachinidae) to Colorado potato
 beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) larvae  treated with lethal and sublethal doses of Bacillus
 thuringiensis Berliner subsp. tenebrionis.
 Lopez, R.; Ferro, D. N. J-econ-entomol v.88(4): p.870-874. (1995 Aug.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  leptinotarsa-decemlineata; myiopharus-doryphorae; larvae-; bacillus-thuringiensis;
 bacterial-insecticides; lethal-dose; parasitoids-; parasitism-; sexual-reproduction;
 host-preferences; parasites-of-insect-pests; biological-control-agents
 
 Abstract:  Larviposition response of Myiopharus doryphorae (Riley) toward Colorado potato
 beetle. Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), host larvae fed  for periods of 1 or 24 h on lethal and
 sublethal doses of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. tenebrionis was studied under
 greenhouse  conditions. A significantly shorter delay occurred before the 1st larviposition in
 hosts fed for 1 h on lethal and sublethal doses of B.  thuringiensis compared with the time before
 larviposition in hosts fed untreated foliage (control). Time before 1st larviposition in hosts fed
 for  24 h on sublethal doses of B. thuringiensis was also significantly shorter than that for hosts
 fed lethal doses and control. A substantially lower  total number of parasitoid larvae were
 deposited in hosts fed foliage treated with lethal doses of B. thuringiensis for 24 h than in those
 fed for 1  h; the lowest rate of parasitization occurred in the hosts fed for 24 h at the lethal dose
 level. Parasitoid acceptance of sublethally intoxicated  Colorado potato beetle larvae and their
 ability to overcome weaker defensive reactions of these hosts, together with their rejection of
 lethally  infected hosts, indicated that host selection may be based more on manifestations of host
 vigor and defense than a direct reaction to the presence  or absence of B. thuringiensis toxin.
 
 132.      NAL Call No.:  S451.M6M582
 Lawn care practices to reduce the need for fertilizers and pesticides.
 Mugaas, R. J. [Minnesota Extension Service folders]. St. Paul, Minn. : The Service 
 v.FO-5890-Bp.4 (1995)
 In the subseries: Clean Air.
 Descriptors:  lawns-and-turf; lawn-soils; organic-amendments; irrigation-; mowing-;
 cutting-height; thatch-; cultural-control; pest-control; integrated- pest-management;
 chemical-control; agricultural-chemicals
 
 133.      NAL Call No.:  S441.S855
 A 'living laboratory/classroom' for the integration of research and education efforts on alternative
 vegetable production systems.
 Steffen, K. L. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects Northeast
 Region. p. 47  (1995)
 SARE Project Number: LNE92-32. Record includes floppy disk and Common Ground for
 sustaining agriculture. Reporting period for this  report is January 1995 to December 1995.
 Descriptors:  lycopersicon-esculentum; zea-mays; phaseolus-vulgaris; cucumis-sativus;
 brassica-oleracea-var; -capitata; crop-yield; soil-properties; plant- disease-control;
 integrated-pest-management; sustainability-; plant-analysis; nutrient-content; shoots-; fruits-;
 weed-control; pennsylvania-
 
 134.      NAL Call No.:  1.9-P69P
 Locally established botrytis fruit rot of Myrica faya, a noxious weed in Hawaii.
 Duffy, B. K.; Gardner, D. E. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society] 
 v.78 (9)p.919-923 (1994 Sept.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  myrica-faya; weeds-; botrytis-cinerea; fungal-diseases; weed-control;
 biological-control; disease-surveys; disease-distribution; disease- transmission; disease-vectors;
 seeds-; viability-; hawaii-
 
 135.      NAL Call No.:  SB599.C8
 Management of arthropods on columnar apple trees using exclusionary cages.
 Lawson, D. S.; Reissig, W. H.; Nyrop, J. P.; Brown, S. K. Crop-prot v.13(5): p.346-356. (1994
 Aug.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  malus-; arthropod-pests; population-density; cultural-control; mite-control;
 insect-control; biological-control; biological-control; predatory- mites; panonychus-ulmi;
 tetranychus-urticae; aculus-schlechtendali; zetzellia-mali; predator-prey-relationships;
 protected-cultivation; crop- damage; mesh-cages; typhodromus-pyri
 
 136.      NAL Call No.:  SB415.C625
 Management of fungus gnats and shore flies.
 Lindquist, R. K. Conn-greenh-newsl (183): p.18-22. (1994 Dec.-1995 Jan.)
 Descriptors:  greenhouse-crops; sciaridae-; ephydridae-; crop-damage; disease-transmission;
 life-cycle; cultural-control; chemical-control; biological- control
 
 137.      NAL Call No.:  100-Id14
 Managing benzimidazole resistance in the potato dry rot fungus.
 Nolte, P. Bull-Univ-Ida,-Coll-Agric. Moscow : Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station  v.EXT
 769p.7 (1994 Oct.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  solanum-tuberosum; potatoes-; seed-potatoes; gibberella-pulicaris;
 fungicide-tolerance; etiology-; benzimidazole-; fungicides-; integrated- pest-management;
 diagnostic-techniques; usa-; fungicide-combinations; fungicide-alternation
 
 138.      NAL Call No.:  S67.P82
 Managing nematodes in the home garden.
 Oversteet, C.; Whitam, K.; McGawley, E. Pub-La-Coop-Ext-Serv. [Baton Rouge, La.?] :
 Cooperative Extension Service, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, 
 Louisiana State University & Agricultural & Mechanical College  v.1606, rev.p.16 (1994 July)
 Descriptors:  nematode-control; domestic-gardens; meloidogyne-incognita; horticultural-crops;
 rotylenchulus-reniformis; control-programs; integrated- pest-management; disease-resistance;
 varieties-; louisiana-
 
 139.      NAL Call No.:  QH301.N32
 Manipulation of the predacious mite, Euseius tularensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae), with pruning for
 citrus thrips control.
 Grafton Cardwell, E. E.; Ouyang, Y. NATO-ASI-ser,-Ser-A,-Life-sci. New York : Plenum  .
 v.276 p.251-254 (1995)
 In the series analytic: Thrips biology and management / edited by B. L. Parker, M. Skinner and
 T. Lewis.  28-30, 1993, Burlington, Vermont.
 Descriptors:  euseius-; predatory-mites; predators-of-insect-pests; scirtothrips-citri;
 biological-control-agents; biological-control; encouragement-; shoot- pruning;
 population-density; citrus-sinensis
 
 140.      NAL Call No.:  SB599.J69
 Mating disruption of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with polyethylene tube dispensers:
 determining emission rates and the  distribution of fruit injuries.
 Knight, A. L.; Howell, J. F.; McDonough, L. M.; Weiss, M. J-agric-entomol v.12(2/3): p.85-100.
 (1995 Apr.-1995 July)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  malus-pumila; cydia-pomonella; larvae-; population-density; mating-disruption;
 sex-pheromones; tubes-; crop-damage; biological-control; efficacy-; washington-
 
 141.      NAL Call No.:  QL750.O3
 Mechanisms of interspecific competition that result in successful control of Pacific mites
 following inoculations of willamette mites on  grapevines.
 Hougen Eitzman, D.; Karban, R. Oecologia v.103(2): p.157-161. (1995)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  vitis-; vineyards-; tetranychus-pacificus; eotetranychus-willamettei;
 interspecific-competition; shoots-; crop-damage; induced-resistance; mite-control;
 biological-control; california-
 
 142.      NAL Call No.:  SB415.C625
 Melon aphids.
 Pundt, L. S. Conn-greenh-newsl (179): p.11-14. (1994 Apr.-1994 May)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  horticultural-crops; aphis-gossypii; characteristics-; life-cycle; crop-damage;
 biological-control; chemical-control; insecticides-; weed- control
 
 143.      NAL Call No.:  100-C12Cag
 Minimizing the hazards of dormant sprays to wildlife.
 Calif-agric v.49(3): p.4-5. (1995 May-1995 June)
 Descriptors:  organophosphorus-insecticides; oils-; hawks-; wildlife-; spraying-; orchards-; drift-;
 risk-; cholinesterase-; inhibition-; application-rates; integrated-pest-management; california-;
 red-tailed-hawks
 
 144.      NAL Call No.:  QL461.E532
 Mortality of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs in cotton as a function of oviposition
 sites, predator species, and desiccation.
 Nuessly, G. S.; Sterling, W. L. Environ-entomol v.23(5): p.1189-1202. (1994 Oct.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  gossypium-hirsutum; helicoverpa-zea; ova-; fruits-; flowers-; leaves-; predation-;
 predators-of-insect-pests; mortality-; soil-temperature; desiccation-
 
 Abstract:  Predation rates of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) eggs on cotton plants were determined by
 placing 32P-labeled moth eggs on different types of  plant structures throughout the vertical
 strata of cotton plants. There was a slight trend for predation rates to be greater toward the top of
 the  plants. Egg predation rates were higher on mainstem and fruiting branch terminals, and on
 blooms than on other plant parts. Similar predation  rates (= 75%) were observed on abaxial and
 adaxial leaf surfaces. Seasonal predation rates averaged 81.7 and 81.4 in 1982 and 1983, 
 respectively. Rates began high each year (81.8-100%) and slowly decreased toward the end of
 the growing season when rates ranged from 55 to  80%. Predation by sucking predators ranged
 from 14.2-37.0%; Orius tristicolor (White), O. insidiosus (Say), Geocoris punctipes (Say), and 
 Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) were the most important. Chewing predators accounted for
 0.8-22.9% of the predation. Solenopsis invicta  (Buren) was observed removing more eggs from
 plants than any other predator species. Ground based predators added significantly to egg 
 predation. Mortality rates of eggs dislodged to the soil surface were also investigated. Nearly
 90% of eggs placed on the soil surface were  predated in < 48 h. Eggs that escaped predation but
 that were exposed to high midday soil temperatures (e.g., 45.5 degrees C) died of exposure. 
 Larvae safely enclosed from eggs placed in shaded locations near the plant bases.
 
 145.      NAL Call No.:  QL461.E532
 Native Hawaiian insects attracted to the semiochemical methyl eugenol, used for male
 annihilation of the Oriental fruit fly (Diptera:  Tephritidae).
 Asquith, A.; Kido, M. Environ-entomol v.23(6): p.1397-1408. (1994 Dec.)
 Includes references.
 Descriptors:  drosophila-; muscidae-; phoridae-; nontarget-organisms; susceptibility-;
 methyl-eugenol; bait-traps; height-; bactrocera-dorsalis; insect- control; biological-control;
 hawaii-; malaise-traps
 
 Abstract:  This study addressed the potential susceptibility of native Hawaiian insects to the
 semiochemical methyl eugenol used for male  annihilation of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera
 dorsalis (Hendel). The effects of trap type (methyl eugenol, methyl eugenol + toxin, toxin only, 
 and control) and trap height (0, 1, 2, or 4 m above ground) were studied in native forest on the
 island of Kauai. A malaise trap was used to  determine the relative abundance of insects in the
 immediate vicinity of the methyl eugenol traps. Seven species of native Hawaiian 
 Drosophilidae, two species of Muscidae, and one species of Phoridae were found to be attracted
 to methyl eugenol. For four other taxa,  including species of Miridae, Anobiidae, and
 Proctotrupidae, attraction to methyl eugenol is suggested but equivocal. For all species except 
 Drosophila villosipedis (Drosophilidae) and Brachyserphus hawaiiensis (Proctotrupidae) both
 males and females were attracted to methyl  eugenol. For Drosophila perissopoda, Drosophila
 basimacula, Scaptomyza varipicta, and Scaptomyza rostrata, ground level traps caught 
 significantly more individuals than traps above ground, and for all drosophilids, 4-m high traps
 caught the fewest individuals. Among non- Drosophilidae, trap height was not a significant
 factor in captures for only the Anobiidae and Sarona species (Miridae). Megaselia sp.  (Phoridae)
 was similar to Scaptomyza tantalia (Drosophilidae) in that almost all individuals were captured
 in ground level traps. Orthotylus sp.  (Miridae) was the only species in which 4-m high traps
 caught the greatest number of individuals. For Lispocephala species (Muscidae) and B. 
 hawaiiensis, 1-2-m high traps tended to catch more individuals than the ground-level or 4-m.  (D.
 villosipedis, D. basimacula) or they captured only a portion of the local pool of individuals (S.
 varipicta, D. perissopoda, D. kokeensis,  Lispocephala spp.). Because of the low level of
 attraction displayed by the native insects and the potential to mitigate the impact by placement 
 of baits in the forest canopy, it is suggested that an environmentally acceptable application of
 methyl eugenol can be