ISSN:1052-5378

Compiled By:
Karl R. Schneider
Reference Section
Reference and User Services Branch
National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351

National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:

Schneider, Karl, 1946-

Alternative Crops : July 1993-June 1996.

(Quick bibliography series ; 96-11)

1. Alternative agriculture--Bibliography. 2. New Crops--Bibliography. 3. Cropping systems--Bibliography. I. Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.96-11

Compiler's Notes

Alternative Crops

2.
NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Agricultural adjustment in the Carolinas and Georgia through alternative cropping systems.
Sanders, D. C. HortScience v.26(9): p.1131-1133. (1991 Sept.)
Paper presented at the "Colloquium on Alternative Crops Research and Development Programs--Strategies to Reduce the Plight of the Farmer," August 1, 1989, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; cropping-systems; vegetables; marketing; crop-production; research-projects; north- carolina; south-carolina; georgia

3.
NAL Call No.: S603.U73--1992
Agricultural systems with crop rotation and alternative crops. Sistemas agricolas con rotaciones y alternativas de cultivos.
Urbano Terron, P. P.; Moro Serrano, R. R. Madrid : Ediciones Mundi-Prensa, 1992. 134 p. : ill. (chiefly col.), Includes bibliographical references (p. 131).
Descriptors: Crop-rotation; Alternative-agriculture; Agricultural-systems

4.
NAL Call No.: SB950.A1P3
Alternate cropping in the management of Radopholus similis and Cosmopolites sordidus, two important pests of banana and plantain.
Price, N. S. Int-j-pest-manag. London : Taylor & Francis Ltd., 1993-. July/Sept 1994. v.40 (3) p. 237-244.
Includes references.
Descriptors: musa; insect-pests; cosmopolites-sordidus; plant-parasitic-nematodes; radopholus-similis; host-range; zea- mays; arachis-hypogaea; crop-damage; hoplolaimus-pararobustus; insect-control; nematode-control; cultural-control; cropping- systems; cameroon

5.
NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Alternative crop development efforts in Minnesota.
Waters, L. Jr. HortScience v.26(9): p.1129-1131. (1991 Sept.)
Paper presented at the "Colloquium on Alternative Crops Research and Development Programs--Strategies to Reduce the Plight of the Farmer," August 1, 1989, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Descriptors: asparagus; broccoli; cauliflowers; product-development; research-projects; marketing; horticultural- crops; minnesota

6.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.A65A49
Alternative crop notebook. Alternative crops notebook.
Canada. Crop Development Division. [Ottawa] Canada : Agriculture Development Branch, Crop Development Division, 1989- v.
Title varies slightly: Alternative crops notebook.
Descriptors: Alternative-agriculture-Canada-Periodicals

7.
NAL Call No.: HD2006.A1R3--nr.66
Alternative crops. Alternative afgroder : markedsmaessige og okonomiske muligheder.
Andreasen, L. M. Kobenhavn : Statens jordbrugsokonomiske institut, 1992. 138 p. : ill., Summary in English.

8.
NAL Call No.: S601.A34
Alternative crops for sustainable agricultural systems.
Becker, R.; Meyer, P.; Saunders, R. M.; Wagoner, P. Agric- Ecosyst-Environ v.40(1/4): p.265-274. (1992 May)
In the Special Issue: Biotic Diversity in Agroecosystems / edited by M.G. Paoletti and D. Pimentel. Proceedings from a symposium on Agroecology and Conservation Issues in Tropical and a Temperate Regions, September 26-29, 1990, Padova, Italy.
Descriptors: amaranthus; prosopis; thinopyrum; crops; uses; nutritive-value; nutrients; sustainability

9.
NAL Call No.: 100-K133P
Alternative crops for the rotation of two crops in 3 years.
Norwood, C. Rep-prog-Kans-Agric-Exp-Stn (739): p.3-4. (1995 Aug.)
Descriptors: field-crops; rotations; crop-management; tillage; comparisons; crop-yield; averages

10.
NAL Call No.: aZ5071.N3
Alternative crops: January 1991 - June 1993.
Schneider, K. Quick-bibliogr-ser. Beltsville, Md., National Agricultural Library. July 1993. (93-53) 45 p.
Updates QB 92-08.
Descriptors: crops; alternative-farming; diversification; production-possibilities; bibliographies

11.
NAL Call No.: S1.M57
Alternative forage crops--adding value to land and livestock.
Shepherd, W. Small-Farm-Today v.10(2): p.35-36. (1993 Apr.)
Descriptors: brassica; fodder-crops; cultivation

12.
NAL Call No.: 100-Ar4M
An alternative paper crop from the Southwest.
McGinley, S. Res-Rep-Ariz-Agric-Exp-Stn p.13-14. (1992)
Descriptors: hesperaloe; pulp-and-paper-industry; water-requirements; pest-resistance; arizona

13.
NAL Call No.: HD1.A3
An analysis of alternative cropping decision rules.
Novak, F. S.; Armstrong, G. W.; Taylor, C. R.; Bauer, L. Agric-syst v.46(1): p.19-31. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cropping-systems; decision-making; income- tax; returns; risk; farm-management; stochastic-models; simulation; soil-water; fertilizers; cost-analysis; alberta

14.
NAL Call No.: Film--S-1642
Annual report. Annual report (New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. On-Farm and Ranch Demonstration Plot Program).
New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. On Farm and Ranch Demonstration Plot Program. [Las Cruces, N.M.?] : Agricultural Extension Service, Dept. of Agricultural Services, New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, [1954?- 1957?] 4 v.
Title from cover of 2nd annual report; 1st report lacks t.p.
Descriptors: Crops-Diseases-and-pests-Control-New- Mexico-Periodicals; Plants,-Protection-of-New-Mexico-Periodicals; Plant-varieties-New-Mexico-Periodicals; Fertilizers-New-Mexico- Periodicals; Agricultural-extension-work-New-Mexico-Periodicals

15.
NAL Call No.: Film--S-1642
Annual report. Annual report (New Mexico State University. On-Farm and Ranch Demonstration Plot Program).
New Mexico State University. On Farm and Ranch Demonstration Plot Program. [Las Cruces, N.M.?] : Cooperative Extension Service and the Dept. of Agricultural Services of the New Mexico State University, [1958?-1959?] 2 v.
Title from cover.
Descriptors: Crops-Diseases-and-pests-Control-New- Mexico-Periodicals; Plants,-Protection-of-New-Mexico-Periodicals; Plant-varieties-New-Mexico-Periodicals; Agricultural-extension- work-New-Mexico-Periodicals

16.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Black beans: a potential new crop for Florida.
Stoffella, P. J.; Scully, B. T. Acta-Hortic (318): p.187-193. (1992 Nov.)
In the series analytic: Specialty and exotic vegetable crops / by D. N. Maynard. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium, March 15-19, 1992, Miami, Florida.
Descriptors: phaseolus-vulgaris; variety-trials; genotypes; plant-breeding; selection-criteria; florida

17.
NAL Call No.: HT401.J68
Bolivian farmers and alternative crops: some insights into innovation adoption.
Sturm, L. S.; Smith, F. J. J-rural-stud v.9(2): p.141- 151. (1993 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: farmers'-attitudes; alternative-farming; crops; innovation-adoption; risk; profitability; decision-making; agricultural-regions; bolivia

Abstract: The Bolivian Institute for Agricultural Technology, with financial and technical backing from USAID/Bolivia, has recently intensified its efforts to develop and promote cropping systems to serve as alternatives to coca cultivation in the Chapare region of Bolivia. A study was conducted in which 85 farmers were visited and interviewed in order to identify problems faced by farmers of the Chapare, understand the farming practices of the region, and determine the attributes of the new crops that were contributing to their adoption or rejection. Interviews were conducted in an informal manner using an interview guide consisting primarily of open- ended questions. The results of this study indicate that the capital outlay required and the expected profitability, both economic and otherwise, are the attributes of the new crops which most strongly influenced farmers' initial adoption/rejection decisions. The major obstacle to innovation adoption in the Chapare seems to be new crops whose adoption presents unacceptably high levels of risk coupled with low anticipated profitability. Recommendations for the development of the alternative crops program and the Chapare region conclude the paper.

18.
NAL Call No.: SB379.A9A9
California's hot new crop: Cashing in on water.
Thompson, W. Calif-Grow v.17(4): p.18-21. (1993 Apr.)
Descriptors: water-resources; regulations; state- government; federal-government; environmental-management; water- policy; marketing; urban-areas; crop-production; water-systems; california

19.
NAL Call No.: SB306.U6K65-1989
Capers : a new crop for California?. Rev.
Kontaxis, D. G. Davis, CA : Small Farm Center, University of California : Cooperative Extension, University of California, [1989?] 4 p. : ill., Caption title.
Descriptors: Capparis-spinosa-California

20.
NAL Call No.: HD1401.A47
Cardinal criteria for ranking uncertain prospects.
Bigman, D. Agric-econ v.8(1): p.21-31. (1992 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: wheat; triticum-aestivum; rotations; irrigated-farming; uncertainty; ranking; risk; farmers'- attitudes; mathematical-models; israel; risk-aversion

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to develop criteria for comparing and ranking uncertain prospects when we have some information on the extent to which agents are risk- averse. The basis for these comparisons is the value of the certainty equivalent outcome of the corresponding uncertain prospects. Clearly, the ranking established by the values of the certainty equivalent outcome is identical to the ranking established by the expected utility of the outcome. By comparing the former values, however, we can determine not only the ranking of the uncertain prospects under consideration but we can also determined by how much one prospect would be more valuable than the other in terms of money -- for that particular agent. The paper develops expressions for approximating the values of the certainty equivalent outcomes on the basis of the central moments of their distribution and the value of the underlying coefficient of variation. These criteria are then applied for comparing alternative crop rotation and irrigation practices of wheat in Israel.

21.
NAL Call No.: 100-N813B
Choosing among alternative crops.
Gardner, J. C. N-D-farm-res v.50(2): p.3-5. (1994 Winter)
Includes references.
Descriptors: crops; alternative-farming; agricultural- research; north-dakota

22.
NAL Call No.: 381-J8223
Compositional and morphological characteristics of cow cockle (Saponaria vacaria) seed, a potential alternative crop.
Mazza, G.; Biliaderis, C. G.; Przybylski, R.; Oomah, B. D. J- agric-food-chem v.40(9): p.1520-1523. (1992 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vaccaria-hispanica; seeds; morphology; chemical-composition; proximate-analysis; amino-acids; fatty- acids; lipids; minerals; saponins

Abstract: Seeds from cow cockle, an annual weed commonly found in grain fields of North America, were analyzed for their morphological and physical characteristics, proximate chemical composition, mineral constituents,and amino acid, lipid, and fatty acid composition. The results revealed that the composition of whole, mature seed of cow cockle is similar to that of most cereal grains. Dehulled seeds, however, contain over 77% starch with very small (0.5-1.0 microgram) granules of uniform size, while the hulls contain about 1% saponins; these seed constituents may find unique applications in the food/feed and cosmetics industries.

23.
NAL Call No.: QK867.J67; LNSU QK867.J67
Constraints for potato production in the tropics.
Manrique, L. A. J-plant-nutr v.16(11): p.2075-2120. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; crop-production; tropics; crop-yield; sustainability; tropical-soils; literature- reviews; fertilizers; nutrient-availability; application-rates; mineral-deficiencies; nutrient-deficiencies; nitrogen

Abstract: Potato tuber yields in the tropics are extremely low compared to those of temperate zones. The low yields merely reflect the inability of the current technology to overcome soil and environmental constraints. Given the various constraints affecting potato production in the tropics, few viable soil and crop management options remain. This paper reviews key constraints for potato production, assesses the impact of indigenous and/or adapted technology in managing them, and examines basic relationships describing productivity changes as management takes place. The overall intent of this paper is to outline the scientific basis for developing management strategies to sustain and improve potato production in the tropics.

24.
NAL Call No.: SB13.E97
The contribution of crop physiology to strategies for new arable crops for cool wet regions: a case history from Scotland.
Hay, R. K. M. Eur-J-agron v.2(3): p.161-171. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: crops; plant-physiology; photoperiod; environmental-factors; environmental-temperature; soil-water- regimes; arable-land; agricultural-meteorology; latitude; crop- yield; scotland; alternate-crops

25.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
Cool-season forage crops seeded over dormant rhizoma peanut.
Dunavin, L. S. J-prod-agric v.3(1): p.112-114. (1990 Jan.-1990 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: arachis-glabrata; secale-cereale; lolium- multiflorum; oversowing; dry-matter-accumulation; digestibility; nutritive-value; alternate-crops

Abstract: The rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) is a summer perennial legume which may offer considerable promise as a grazing and hay crop in the Southern USA. It is not used for nut production. A need exists to determine whether other crops can be grown successfully on dormant peanut fields during the cool season. Two field experiments were conducted on a Red Bay sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Rhodic Paleudult) and an Orangeburg sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudult) to investigate the feasibility of seeding the cool- season annuals rye (Secale cercale L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) into dormant 'Florigraze' rhizoma peanut, to determine their yield and forage quality, and to determine the yield of the succeeding crop of peanut. Dry matter (DM) yield of these cool-season crops was in the 3000 to 4500 1b/acre range. When planted at the beginning of peanut dormancy, comparison of annuals planted into areas either with or without peanuts revealed no differences with regard to production of DM, digestible organic matter (DOM), or crude protein (CP). Ryegrass produced more DM, DOM, and CP than rye grown over rhizoma peanut but was no more productive than a mixture of rye and ryegrass. No differences existed for the yield of rhizoma peanut following either of the cool-season crops, a mixture of the two, or volunteer winter weeds. Both crops can be grown over dormant rhizoma peanut; however, ryegrass or a mixture of rye and ryegrass is preferable from the standpoint of total forage yields.

26.
NAL Call No.: SB111.D85--1993
CRC handbook of alternative cash crops. Handbook of alternative cash crops.
Duke, J. A. 1.; DuCellier, J. L. 1. Boca Raton : CRC Press, c1993. 536 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references (p. 474-507) and index.
Descriptors: Tropical-crops; Alternative-agriculture- Tropics

27.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Creative marketing--the key to successful new crop introduction.
Jones, G. Acta-Hortic (318): p.377-379. (1992 Nov.)
In the series analytic: Specialty and exotic vegetable crops / by D. N. Maynard. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium, March 15-19, 1992, Miami, Florida.
Descriptors: vegetables; marketing-techniques; usa; specialty-vegetables

28.
NAL Call No.: S93.T42-no.6
Crop cost and return estimates in New Mexico, by county and by crop, 1988.
Libbin, J. D.; Word, W. B.; Morgan, T. L.; New Mexico State University. Agricultural Experiment Station. Las Cruces, NM : New Mexico State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1992. 164 p. : map, Cover title.
Descriptors: Agriculture-Economic-aspects-New-Mexico- Statistics; Field-crops-Economic-aspects-New-Mexico-Statistics

29.
NAL Call No.: SB193.3.A8T7-no.77
Crop Economics : a program for assessing the economic viability of new crops.
Beech, D. F. Brisbane : CSIRO Division of Tropical Crops and Pastures, 1992. 37 p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references (p. 14-15).

30.
NAL Call No.: QK867.J67
Crop production in the tropics: a review.
Manrique, L. A. J-plant-nutr v.16(8): p.1485-1516. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: crops; crop-production; cropping-systems; tropics; literature-reviews

Abstract: Intensive land use and concomitant land degradation are strongly undermining the sustainability of current crop production systems in the tropics. Thus, finding alternative cropping strategies to overcome soil and environmental stresses is an integral part of the ongoing process of maintaining and improving crop productivity. In this paper, major features of crops and crop production systems were reviewed. Production systems such as pastures, perennial crops, and agroforestry were found to be highly effective in promoting high and stable crop productivity, restoring and/or enhancing soil fertility, and minimizing erosion risk.

31.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
Cropping systems for clay soil: crop rotation and irrigation effects on soybean and wheat doublecropping.
Wesley, R. A.; Heatherly, L. G.; Elmore, C. D. J-prod- agric v.4(3): p.345-352. (1991 July-1991 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: glycine-max; triticum-aestivum; winter- wheat; zea-mays; sorghum-bicolor; double-cropping; continuous- cropping; rotations; clay-soils; irrigated-conditions; dry- conditions; crop-yield; seeds; income

Abstract: Doublecropping soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most popular crop rotation in the USA. Field experiments were conducted from 1984 to 1989 to evaluate alternate cropping systems for a Tunica clay soil (clayey over loamy, montmorillonitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Haplaquept) in the lower Mississippi River Valley. Specific objectives were to (i) determine the seed yield response of monocrop soybean and doublecrop soybean and wheat grown in rotation in irrigated and nonirrigated environments, and (ii) determine the increase in gross income for soybean due to irrigation. Seed yields of monocrop soybean averaged over the 6-yr test period exceeded yield from doublecrop soybean in the irrigated (41.3 vs. 32.5 bu/acre) and nonirrigated (18.0 vs. 9.2 bu/acre) environments, respectively. Yields of soybean from corn (Zea mays L.)/wheat- soybean and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.]/wheat- soybean rotations were similar in the irrigated and in the nonirrigated experiments. Average wheat yields from the wheat-soybean, corn/wheat-soybean, and sorghum/wheat-soybean systems indicated no great advantage for any system. Irrigation of soybean increased yields and gross income in all years except 1989. Gross income and returns per inch of irrigation water varied considerably across years, however, and were a function of commodity prices and the amount of irrigation water applied.

32.
NAL Call No.: SB193.3.A8T7-no.71
Cropsieve : a computer program to select out potential new crops.St. Lucia, Brisbane : CSIRO Division of Tropical Crops and Pastures, 1992. 28, [2] p. : ill., Includes bibliographical references (p. 14).

33.
NAL Call No.: SB323.A52-1992
Cultivation methods for newly introduced vegetable species. Anbauverfahren fur neu eingefuhrte Gemusearten.
Institut fur Gemuse und Zierpflanzenbau Grossbeeren Erfurt. Braunschweig : B. Thalacker, 1992. 152 p. : ill. (some col.), Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-148) and index.
Descriptors: Vegetables-Germany; New-crops-Germany

34.
NAL Call No.: HD1.A3
A decision support system for rapid assessment of lowland rice-based cropping alternatives in Thailand.
Jintrawet, A. Agric-syst v.47(2): p.245-258. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oryza-sativa; crop-production; photoperiod; simulation-models; validity; cropping-systems; farm- management; lowland-areas; thailand

35.
NAL Call No.: HD1.A3
Diagnosing alternatives in conventional crop rotations: sunflowers as an alternative to wheat in the cotton-based cropping systems of Pakistan's Punjab.
Shafiq, M.; Azeem, M. Agric-Syst v.42(3): p.245-264. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: gossypium; triticum-aestivum; helianthus- annuus; rotations; cropping-systems

36.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8552
Disease and insect management using new crop rotations for sustainable production of row crops.
Cunfer, B. M. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research projects Southern Region. [1988-. 1995. 26 p.
SARE Project Number: LS94-57. Record includes floppy disk and brochure from Forages field day, April 13, 1995. Date of this report is November 1995.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; secale-cereale; glycine-max; pennisetum-americanum; brassica-napus; rotations; double-cropping; gaeumannomyces-graminis; plant- pathogenic- fungi; insect-pests; crop-yield; yield-losses; sustainability; georgia

37.
NAL Call No.: SB599.C35
Diseases of alternative crops in Missouri.
Mihail, J. D. Can-J-plant-pathol v.15(2): p.119-122. (1993 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: leymus; guizotia-abyssinica; fagopyrum- esculentum; linum-usitatissimum; plant-diseases; new-host- records; host-specificity; disease-surveys; phytophthora- nicotianae-var; -parasitica; claviceps-purpurea; pythium- aphanidermatum; pythium; host-range; erysiphe-cichoracearum; missouri; leymus-racemosus; pythium-palingenes

38.
NAL Call No.: 450-C16
Economic analysis of alternative cropping systems for a bean/wheat rotation on light-textured soils.
Yiridoe, E. K.; Weersink, A.; Roy, R. C.; Swanton, C. J. Can- J-Plant-Sci-Rev-Can-Phytotech v.73(2): p.405-415. (1993 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; glycine-max; phaseolus- vulgaris; no-tillage; tillage; rotations; sandy-loam-soils; crop- yield; returns; production-costs; cover-crops; secale-cereale; triticum-aestivum; zea-mays; ontario; loamy-sand-soils; net- returns

39.
NAL Call No.: 100-K133P
An economic analysis of conventional and alternative cropping systems for northeast Kansas.
Diebel, P. L.; Llewelyn, R. V.; Williams, J. R. Rep-prog- Kans-Agric-Exp-Stn. Manhattan, Kan. : Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State College of Agriculture and Applied Science,. Sept 1993. (687) 58 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: farm-budgeting; farm-enterprises; cropping-systems; costs; returns; economic-analysis; fertilizers; application-rates; rotations; kansas

40.
NAL Call No.: 275.29-W27P
An economic analysis of crop rotation alternatives on dryland grain farms, Horse Heaven Hills area, Washington, 1993.
Van Doren, G.; Willett, G. S. Ext-bull-Wash-State-Univ,-Coop- Ext. Pullman, Wash. : The Extension,. Apr 1994. (1782) 28 p.
Descriptors: economic-analysis; rotations; triticum-aestivum; summer-fallow; crop-enterprises; farm-budgeting; washington

41.
NAL Call No.: S589.7.E57-1994
Economic and environmental analysis of conventional and alternative cropping systems for a northeast Kansas.
Koo, S.; Diebel, P. L. Environmentally sound agriculture proceedings of the second conference 20-22 April 1994 / p.38-44. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: water-pollution; surface-water; contamination; atrazine; pollution-control; economic-viability; alternative-farming; cropping-systems; environmental-impact; economic-impact; kansas

42.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
Economic and environmental simulation of alternative cropping sequences in Michigan.
Hewitt, T. I.; Lohr, L. J-sustain-agric v.5(3): p.59-86. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: crop-production; cropping-systems; sustainability; economic-impact; environmental-impact; economic- viability; simulation-models; stochastic-models; farming-systems- research; decision-making; michigan; alternative-cropping-systems

43.
NAL Call No.: 100--D37S-no.501
The economics of grain sorghum as an alternative crop for Delaware.
Ramsey, S.; University of Delaware. Agricultural Experiment Station. Newark, DE : University of Delaware, College of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1994. vii, 66 p., Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-51).
Descriptors: Sorghum-industry-Delaware

44.
NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
The effect of crops alternation as well as fertilization on soil productivity, yield and quality of vegetables.
Gontcharenko, V. E. Acta-hortic (371): p.431-434. (1994 July)
Paper presented at the Seventh International Symposium on Timing Field Production of Vegetables held August 23-27, 1993, Skierniewice, Poland.
Descriptors: cucumis-sativus; lycopersicon-esculentum; brassica-oleracea-var; -capitata; solanum-tuberosum; allium-cepa; rotations; soil-fertility; fertilizers; biological- activity-in- soil; crop-yield; ukraine

45.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Energy and economic savings from the use of legume cover crops in Virginia corn production.
Ess, D. R.; Vaughan, D. H.; Luna, J. M.; Sullivan, P. G. Am- J-altern-agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. Fall 1994. v. 9 (4) p. 178-185.
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; leguminosae; vetch; cover-crops; incorporation; herbicides; nitrogen-fertilizers; nitrogen; nutrient-sources; comparisons; energy-requirements; energy- consumption; crop-yield; dry-matter-accumulation; economic- analysis; profitability; virginia

Abstract: Energy analysis provides a measure of the effectiveness of sustainable agricultural systems in reducing inputs purchased from off-farm sources. This study compares the total (direct plus indirect) energy costs of growing corn for silage using manufactured N fertilizer or N-fxing legume cover crops. The cover crop either was killed with herbicide in a no- till system or disked in the spring. Economically competitive alternative crop production practices are identified. In both the no-till and the disked versions, cover-cropped treatments used about half as much energy per hectare as the corresponding winter fallow N-fertilizer treatments. Using vetch to provide N significantly lowered energy use per unit of crop output compared with the N-fertilized treatments. For the treatments that used hairy vetch, either alone or in combination with bigflower vetch, net revenue was statistically equivalent to that of standard- practice treatments in each year of the study.

46.
NAL Call No.: 23-Au783
Estimates of nitrogen fixations by legumes in alternate cropping systems at Warra, Queensland, using enriched-15N dilution and natural 15N abundance techniques.
Hossain, S. A.; Waring, S. A.; Strong, W. M.; Dalal, R. C.; Weston, E. J. Aust-j-agric-res v.46(3): p.493-505. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: legumes; grasses; rotations; triticum- aestivum; continuous-cropping; biomass-production; dry-matter; nitrogen; yields; nitrogen-fixation; soil-fertility; vertisols; queensland

47.
NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Ethnic crop production: an overview and implications for Missouri.
Marsh, D. B. HortScience v.26(9): p.1133-1135. (1991 Sept.)
Paper presented at the "Colloquium on Alternative Crops Research and Development Programs--Strategies to Reduce the Plight of the Farmer," August 1, 1989, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Descriptors: vegetables; exotics; ethnicity; markets; crop-production; imports; marketing; market-prices; market- competition; missouri

48.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
Evaluating alternative crops from a marketing perspective: the case of canola.
Thompson, S.; Hauser, R. J.; Guither, H. D.; Nafziger, E. D. J-prod-agric v.6(4): p.575-584. (1993 Oct.-1993 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: brassica-napus; glycine-max; evaluation; marketing; risk; brassica-napus-var; -napus

49.
NAL Call No.: TD365.C54-1995
Evaluation of alternative cropping practices under herbicide use/soil loss restrictions.
Pfeifer, R. A.; Rudstrom, M.; Mitchell, S. N.; Doering, O. C. I. Clean water, clean environment, 21st century team agriculture, working to protect water resources conference proceedings, March 5-8, 1995, Kansas City, Missouri /. St. Joseph, Mich. : ASAE, c1995.. v. 1 p. 145-148.
Includes references.
Descriptors: atrazine; alachlor; glyphosate; no- tillage; chiselling; plowing; returns; farm-results; low-input- agriculture; decision-making; farm-size; models; weed- control; decision-making-flow-chart; herbicide-restrictions

50.
NAL Call No.: HD1401.A47
Farmer-to-farmer transfer of new crop varieties: an empirical analysis on small farms in Uganda.
Grisley, W. Agric-econ v.11(1): p.43-49. (1994 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: phaseolus-vulgaris; small-farms; technology-transfer; diffusion-of-information; innovation- adoption; variety-trials; acreage; decision-making; mathematical- models; uganda

Abstract: Farmer-to-farmer transfer or dissemination of technologies is a neglected area of research even though successful diffusion of many researcher and farmer-developed technologies is highly dependent upon farmers' private initiatives. This is particularly true in many developing countries where formal market mechanisms used in dissemination are often ineffective. Successful dissemination of new technologies to marginal farmers require greater knowledge and use of indigenous dissemination methods. The determinants of farmer-to-farmer transfer of new bean varieties experimented with by small-scale farmers in Uganda are investigated. Farmers were experimenting with new varieties received through earlier on-farm trials and were transferring small quantities of grain to other farmers for experimental purposes. On-farm trials may thus be an effective, but limited method for diffusing new varieties. Factors directly associated with the transfer decision were farm size and variables identifying a willingness to experiment with new varieties. The Production risk reducing strategies of intercropping and sowing of a larger number of non-climbing bean varieties were negatively associated with the probability to transfer grain. The quantity of grain available to transfer was not associated with the transfer decision. Farmers were not transferring grain of the five varieties at different rates even though significant differences in yield were found.

51.
NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Field production of cut flowers.
Kelly, J. W. HortScience v.26(9): p.1136-1138. (1991 Sept.)
Paper presented at the "Colloquium on Alternative Crops Research and Development Programs--Strategies to Reduce the Plight of the Farmer," August 1, 1989, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Descriptors: cut-flowers; crop-production; field-crops; profitability; market-competition; guidelines; harvesting; marketing; factors-of-production

52.
NAL Call No.: SB193.3.A8T7-no.75
A global market analysis of FAO data as a guide to selection of potential new crops for Australia.
Russell, J. S. J. S. 1. Brisbane : CSIRO Division of Tropical Crops and Pastures, 1992. 1 v. (various pagings) : ill., Includes bibliographical references (p. 11).

53.
NAL Call No.: S1.M57
Growing borage for profit.
Polachic, D. Small-farm-today v.13(1): p.45. (1996 Feb.)
Descriptors: borago-officinalis; cultivation; small- farms; saskatchewan; alternative-crops

54.
NAL Call No.: SB599.C35
Head smut [Ustilago bullata] of grasses on the Canadian prairies: distribution, impact, and control.
Gossen, B. D.; Turnbull, G. D. Can-J-plant-pathol v.17(1): p.49-56. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: ustilago; fungal-diseases; disease- surveys; prairies; incidence; disease-prevalence; bromus- riparius; bromus-japonicus; bromus-tectorum; bromus-inermis; agropyron-cristatum; hordeum-jubatum; elymus-trachycaulus; pathotypes; plant-disease-control; chemical-control; efficacy; seed-treatment; fungicides; disease-distribution; spore- germination; survival; saskatchewan; alberta

Abstract: Production of meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius), a recently introduced forage grass, is increasing rapidly on the Canadian prairies. A study was undertaken to examine the effect of head smut [Ustilago bullata] on this new crop. U. bullata was present in over 60% of the meadow bromegrass seed fields examined in Saskatchewan and Alberta. It occurred frequently where susceptible grass species were dominant; in 65% of the sites dominated by downy brome (B. tectorum) or foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum), in 45% of sites dominated by Japanese brome (B. japonicus), but in only 5% sites where slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus) predominated. It was not found on crested wheatgrass (Agropryon cristatum) or smooth bromegrass (B. inermis). Incidence was generally low, but 95% of downy brome plants at one site were infected. At many sites, several host species were present but only one was infected. This result indicates that several pathotypes may exist in the region. Seed treatment with the fungicides carbathiin, captan, thiram, propiconazole, and hexaconazole all controlled head smut in greenhouse and field trials and there was no evidence of phytotoxicity. Storage of smut spores and infected seed for up to one year at temperatures from -7 to 36 degrees C did not influence survival and germination of smut spores or incidence of smut in plants grown from infected seed. Smutted plants suffered greater winterkill than healthy plants in one year out of three, and exhibited reduced incidence and severity of smut symptoms in two of three years.

55.
NAL Call No.: 382-So12
Helianthus tuberosus as an alternative forage crop for cool maritime regions: a preliminary study of the yield and nutritional quality of shoot tissues from perennial stands.
Hay, R. K. M.; Offer, N. W. J-sci-food-agric v.60(2): p.213-221. (1992)
Includes references.
Descriptors: helianthus-tuberosus; forage; crop- production; shoots; nutritive-value; plant-composition; digestibility; crop-yield; marine-areas

Abstract: This paper presents the results of a preliminary investigation of the potential of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) as a perennial forage crop for cool wet areas of northern Europe. The experimental work included a 3-year study of crop growth and development, and a two-season evaluation of the nutritional value of the shoot tissues for livestock. Under low-input management, crop stands produced yields which are comparable with the potential yield of cereals or grassland in the UK. However, the ability of the crop to take up mineral nutrients from non-fertiliser sources indicates that the success of perennial cropping would depend upon fertiliser application. The crops were free of obvious pests and diseases. Observations over two seasons indicate that the crop can be harvested during August (after tuber initiation) without incurring serious yield penalties in subsequent seasons. Digestibility studies showed that the shoot tissues had a nutritional value to the ruminant which was similar to that of good-quality grass hay, but that the protein level was lower. Ensilage of the shoot material with molasses yielded a well- preserved lactic silage, and intakes of silage dry matter were higher than would have been predicted for grass silages of similar composition. It was concluded that these findings justify further evaluation of the species as an alternative crop for cool wet areas.

56.
NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
How can economists and horticulturists cooperate on alternative crop research and development programs.
Estes, E. A. HortScience v.26(9): p.1138-1140. (1991 Sept.)
Paper presented at the "Colloquium on Alternative Crops Research and Development Programs--Strategies to Reduce the Plight of the Farmer," August 1, 1989, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Descriptors: horticultural-crops; research-projects; diversification; farm-enterprises; growers; cooperation; market- research

57.
NAL Call No.: 1-AG84Y
How farm programs offer the opportunity to try new crops.
Langley, J. A. Yearb-Agric. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1992. p. 62-68.
Descriptors: crop-production; innovations; support-measures; federal-government; law; usa

58.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Identifying suitable regions for amaranth production using a geographic information systems approach.
Myers, R. L. Am-J-altern-agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. Summer 1994. v. 9 (3) p. 122-126.
Includes references.
Descriptors: amaranthus; alternative-farming; land- capability; geographical-information-systems; environmental- factors; soil; rain; labor; plant-diseases; sorghum; crop- production; missouri; alternative-crops; labor-availability; disease-potential

Abstract: Amaranth is an alternative grain crop that shows significant promise in the U.S. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to analyze the most suitable regions for growing amaranth in Missouri GIS software provides tools to manipulate and display geographically based information, in this case the factors affecting amaranth's suitability. Of several such factors considered, the ones used were soils, rainfall, sorghum production, disease potential, and labor availability. Soil, rainfall, and disease information were assumed to be direct factors in yield potential. Current sorghum production areas were considered likely areas for amaranth production, given the similarities between the crops. Labor availability also was assumed to affect adoption, since amaranth requires more labor than traditional grain crops. The analysis showed that central and southeastern Missouri would be the most favorable areas for amaranth production. Other suitable areas are along the Mississippi and Missouri river valleys and in western Missouri. This GIS approach can be modified to include additional factors and refinements, and could be used with other alternative crops or for other regions of the country.

59.
NAL Call No.: S441.S855
Improving crop adaptation to alternative systems.
Smith, M. E. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE or Agriculture in Concert with the Environment ACE research projects. [1988-. 1990. 48 p.
SARE Project Number: 91-COOP-1-6593.
Descriptors: zea-mays; varieties; low-input- agriculture; sustainability; cropping-systems; traits; no- tillage; new-york

60.
NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Intensive cultivation of Taxus species for the production of Taxol--integrating research and production in a new crop plant.
Piesch, R. F.; Wheeler, N. C. Acta-hortic (344): p.219- 228. (1993 Nov.)
Paper presented at the "International Syposium on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants," March 22-25, 1993, Tiberias, Israel.
Descriptors: taxus; forest-nurseries; intensive- silviculture; bark; diterpenes; antineoplastic-agents; taxus- brevifolia

61.
NAL Call No.: 4-AM34P
Intercrop performance of pearl millet, amaranth, cowpea, soybean, and guar in response to planting pattern and nitrogen fertilization.
Clark, K. M.; Myers, R. L. Agron-j v.86(6): p.1097-1102. (1994 Nov.-1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pennisetum-americanum; amaranthus- hypochondriacus; vigna-unguiculata; glycine-max; cyamopsis- tetragonoloba; intercropping; crop-yield; grain; row- spacing; strip-cropping; continuous-cropping; missouri

Abstract: Intercropping is a common practice in developing countries because it may produce higher total yields than monocropping. The objective of this study was to apply intercropping principles to alternative and traditional crops in the USA under mechanized conditions. Although these crops have been examined in intercropping systems, in most cases studies were not conducted with improved varieties found in the USA or in strip widths that can accommodate machinery. A field study was conducted at two central Missouri locations in 1991 and 1992 to determine the effect of intercropping on grain yields of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.], amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. X A. hybridus L.), cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.], and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Treatments were assigned in an incomplete factorial design and consisted of planting pattern (monocrops, narrow and wide row strips, and alternate row intercrops), N fertilizer (0, 56, or 112 kg N ha-1), and component crop combination. Each intercrop consisted of a legume (cowpea, soybean, or guar) and a nonlegume (pearl millet or amaranth). In the strip intercrops, only cowpea showed a consistent yield response to planting pattern, with the narrow strip arrangement with amaranth yielding 53 and 39% lower than its monocrop in two environments. Land equivalent ratios of amaranth and pearl millet grown in alternate rows with cowpea were not significantly different from their monocrops. At the Columbia site, yields of alternate row intercrops generally did not increase upon addition of N and in 1992, amaranth yield at 0 kg N ha-1 was 25% higher in. monocrops.

62.
NAL Call No.: 64.8-C883
Intercropping stokes aster: effect of shade on photosynthesis and plant morphology.
Callan, E. J.; Kennedy, C. W. Crop-sci v.35(4): p.1110- 1115. (1995 July-1995 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: stokesia-laevis; oilseed-plants; intercropping; light-relations; shade; light-intensity; photosynthesis; chlorophyll; growth-rate; dry-matter- accumulation; root-shoot-ratio; net-assimilation-rate; leaf-area; compensation-point; plant-morphology; vernolic-acid; photosynthetic-rate; light-compensation-point; light-saturation- point

Abstract: Stokes aster [Stokesia laevis (Hill) E. Greene] is a potential new crop source of an epoxy acid but grows slowly and does not yield the first summer. It could be intercropped that year. To evaluate Stokes aster's response to intercrop shade, plants were grown under 1010 [high light (HL)], 320 [medium light (ML)], or 120 [low light (LL)] micromoles m-2 s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) for 50 d prior to measurements of photosynthetic rate, light compensation point, light saturation point, chlorophyll concentration, and morphology of whole plants. Near light saturation points, LL and ML plants had the highest net CO2 assimilation based on leaf area and ML plants were highest based on land area. High light plants were least efficient due to a vertical leaf orientation. As environment light intensity (LI) declined, plants had more chlorophyll per unit dry weight (DW), a higher chl b/chl a ratio, less leaf DW, less leaf area, and a lower root/shoot ratio. Light compensation points were 25, 55, and 185 micromoles m-2 s-1 PPFD for LL, ML, and HL plants, respectively. Saturation points were between 400 and 800 micromoles m-2 s-1 for LL plants and between 800 and 1500 micromoles m-2 s-1 PPFD for ML and HL plants. In an intercrop, stokes aster should produce efficiently on a leaf area basis but less efficiently on a land area basis when grown under a LI of 120 micromoles m-2 s-1 or less. Growth in full sun after the overstory crop is harvested would not be a problem for intercropped plants.

63.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
An interdisciplinary, experiment station-based participatory comparison of alternative crop management systems for California's Sacramento Valley.
Temple, S. R.; Friedman, D. B.; Somasco, O.; Ferris, H.; Scow, K.; Klonsky, K. Am-J-altern-agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. Winter/Spring 1994. v. 9 (1/2) p. 64-71.
Papers presented at the conference on "Science and Sustainability", October 24-26, 1993, Seattle, Washington.
Descriptors: organic-farming; low-input-agriculture; farming-systems; sustainability; farming-systems-research; experimental-design; research-projects; rotations; crop- yield; california

Abstract: In 1989, a group of researchers, farmers and farm advisors initiated an interdisciplinary study of the transition from conventional to low-input and organic management of a 4-year, five-crop rotation. Crop yields initially varied among systems, but now appear to be approaching each other after a transition period that included the development of practices and equipment most appropriate for each system. Farming practices and crop production costs are carefully documented to compare the various systems' economic performance and biological risk. Supplying adequate N and managing weeds were challenges for the low-input and organic systems during the first rotation cycle, and experiments are being conducted on an 8-acre companion block to find solutions to these and other problems. Leading conventional and organic growers provide a much needed farmer perspective on cropping practices and economic interpretations, because we try to provide "best farmer" management of each system. Research groups within the project are focusing on soil microbiology, economics, pest management, agronomy and cover crop management.

64.
NAL Call No.: 1-Ag84y
James A. Duke: Duke of the offbeat plants.
Kaplan, J. K. Yearb-agric. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., [1980- . 1990. p. 104-105.
In the series analytic: Americans in agriculture: portraits of diversity / edited by D. Smith.
Descriptors: crops; germplasm; collection; usa; alternative-crops

65.
NAL Call No.: 100-L939
Kenaf: a new crop for Louisiana.
Hallmark, W. B.; Brown, L. P.; Viator, H. P.; Habetz, R. J.; Caldwell, W. D.; Cook, C. G. La-agric v.37(2): p. 28-31. (1994 Spring)
Descriptors: hibiscus-cannabinus; plant-fibers; uses; varieties; planting-date; nitrogen-fertilizers; crop-yield; drills; irrigation; harvesting-date; louisiana

66.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Land use options on a semi-arid Alfisol.
Das, S. K.; Sharma, S.; Sharma, K. L.; Saharan, N.; Nimbole, N. N.; Reddy, Y. V. R. Am-J-altern-agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. 1993. v. 8 (1) p. 34-39.
Includes references.
Descriptors: land-use; sustainability; horticulture; agroforestry; agrosilvicultural-systems; cropping-systems; rain; soil-types; agrihorticulture

Abstract: Four land use options - annual cropping, agroforestry, agrihorticulture, and agrosilviculture - were tried on a Land Capability Class IVs Alfisol under rainfed conditions to find a farming system that would be profitable and sustainable. The agrihorticultural system required more cash input but gave a value/cost ratio of 2.16 compared with 1.95 with annual cropping, 1.69 with agroforestry and 1.52 with agrosilviculture. Runoff was 4.9% in the agrihorticultural system, and 10.6% with agroforestry. Economic and soil health considerations led to the conclusion that the agrihorticultural system would be a sustainable land use option for the semi- arid Alfisol. However, other options also are profitable, with value/cost ratios of more than 1.50. Therefore, land users can choose among several systems, depending on their desired production level and their investment capacity.

67.
NAL Call No.: 4-AM34P
Legume cover crop options for grain rotations in Wisconsin.
Stute, J. K.; Posner, J. L. Agron-j v.85(6): p.1128- 1132. (1993 Nov.-1993 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cover-crops; trifolium-pratense; medicago- sativa; trifolium-hybridum; trifolium-repens; vicia-villosa; melilotus-officinalis; rotations; crop-establishment; timing; zea-mays; grain-crops; avena-sativa; pisum-sativum; canned- vegetables; crop-yield; dry-matter; silt-loam-soils; wisconsin; preceding-crops

Abstract: Use of forage legumes as cover crops in the year prior to corn (Zea mays L.) is one way to reduce the amount of N fertilizer used in corn production. This study evaluated several forage legumes for dry matter (DM) production during the seeding year when established in grain rotations. Field studies were conducted near Arlington and Marsh-field Geld, WI, in 1989 and 1990. Treatments consisted of nine forage legumes: medium and mammoth red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), dormant and nondormant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), alsike clover (T. hybridum L.), ladino clover (T. repens L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and two cultivars of yellow sweetclover [Melilotus officinalis L.) Lam.]. Five establishment treatments tested were: seeded in the spring, companion-seeded with oat (Avena sativa L.), interseeded into corn at last cultivation, and seeded following harvest of either canning pea (Pisum sativum L.), or oat for grain. In general, legume DM yields were highest in establishment periods which offered the longest growing season with the least amount of competition from the primary crop. Hairy vetch, the only annual legume used in the study, produced the highest yields in each of the five establishment periods, as high as 9.76 Mg ha-1 when spring seeded. The climbing nature of this legume, however, makes it an unwise choice for companion seeding with small grains, a situation where the true clover species are best adapted. Dry soil conditions following pea or oat harvest often limited legume germination. results of this study, we conclude that several legume-establishment period combinations could be used successfully to produce N-containing biomass.

68.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
Legume cover crops as a nitrogen source for corn in an oat-corn rotation.
Stute, J. K.; Posner, J. L. J-prod-agric v.8(3): p.385- 390. (1995 July-1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; avena-sativa; rotations; trifolium-pratense; vicia-villosa; cover-crops; green-manures; nitrogen; nutrient-sources; crop-yield; nutrient-uptake; economic-analysis; viability

Abstract: The use of legume cover crops as green manures is a means of reducing the amount of N fertilizer used in corn (Zea mays L.) production, but has not been adequately tested in the upper Midwest. A field study was conducted from 1989 to 1993 near Arlington, WI, to determine the value of legume cover crops in a 2-yr oat (Avena sativa L.)/legume-corn rotation. The objectives of this study were to identify the most productive legume species and planting method to be used with oat, to measure the effect on subsequent corn grain yield, and to evaluate the economic viability of oat/legume-corn rotations. Corn yields following the legumes were compared with those of corn following oat without a legume, using six rates of N fertilizer to estimate the fertilizer replacement value of the legumes. Maximum seeding year N yields (tops and roots) were produced by medium red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) companion seeded with oat, and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) seeded after oat harvest. Averaged over years, these two cover crop options yielded 118 lb N/acre in the seeding year. Mean corn grain yields (bushels per acre) following these two legumes were 163 for red clover and 167 for hairy vetch. Estimated fertilizer replacement values of these legumes ranged from 65 to 103 lb N/acre. Gross margins (2-yr rotation mean) of these oat/legume- corn rotations were $166/acre using red clover and $153/acre using hairy vetch and were similar to those obtained with an oat- corn and continuous corn rotation where corn was grown with 160 lb fertilizer N. These results indicate a great potential for reducing fertilizer N inputs in corn production by using legume cover crops, without economic penalty for producers who adopt the.

69.
NAL Call No.: SB16.N6L67-1993
Lost crops of Nigeria : implications for food security : proceedings of the seminar held at the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, 21st-22nd May 1992.
Okojie, J. A.; Okali, D. U. U.; University of Agriculture, A. Abeokuta, Nigeria : University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, [1993] xxxi, 339 p. : ill., maps, "January 1993."
Descriptors: Crops-Nigeria-Congresses; New-crops- Nigeria-Congresses; Endangered-plants-Nigeria-Congresses

70.
NAL Call No.: 10-Ex72
Low input technology options for millet-based cropping systems in the Sahel.
Klaij, M. C.; Renard, C.; Reddy, K. C. Exp-agric v.30(1): p.77-82. (1994 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pennisetum-americanum; vigna-unguiculata; varieties; intercropping; continuous-cropping; rotations; phosphorus-fertilizers; tillage; crop-yield; soil-ph; soil- organic-matter; subsistence-farming; low-input-agriculture; sahel; niger

71.
NAL Call No.: 100-Al1H
Lupin, a potential new crop for Alabama.
Van Santen, E.; Reeves, D. W.; Mullins, G. L. Highlights-agr- res v.40(4): p.15. (1993 Winter)
Descriptors: lupinus-albus; crop-production; alabama

72.
NAL Call No.: 450-Ec7
Lycianthes moziniana (solanaceae): an underutilized Mexican food plant with "new" crop potential.
Williams, D. E. Econ-bot v.47(4): p.387-400. (1993 Oct.- 1993 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: solanaceae; edible-species; fruits; crop- production; ethnobotany; history; proximate-analysis; nomenclature; nutritive-value; mexico; ethnotaxonomy

73.
NAL Call No.: 56.9-So3
Maintenance of yields and soil fertility in nonmechanized cropping systems, Bolivia.
Barber, R. G.; Diaz, O. Soil-Sci-Soc-Am-j. [Madison, Wis.] Soil Science Society of America. May/June 1994. v. 58 (3) p. 858- 866.
Includes references.
Descriptors: arachis-hypogaea; zea-mays; phaseolus- vulgaris; vigna-unguiculata; cropping-systems; low-input- agriculture; sustainability; soil-fertility; crop-yield; weed- control; fertilizers; application-rates; bolivia

Abstract: Slash and burn farmers in the tropical rain forests of eastern Bolivia are abandoning land after one rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop because of declining yields. A trial was conducted on a Typic Paleudult for 41 mo to investigate whether alternative low-input nonmechanized cropping systems could prolong soil fertility and yield maintenance, and whether soil fertility or weeds were responsible for declining yields. Twelve cropping systems were investigated in a factorial design, with three summer-winter crop sequences: rice-peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), corn (Zea mays L.)-bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) later substituted by cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], and rice-fallow (control); two weed control treatments: minimal and optimal; and two fertilizer treatments: with and without 60 kg N ha(-1) and 17.5 or 35 kg P ha(-1). Crop sequences significantly increased exchangeable acidity; the rice sequences significantly reduced exchangeable Ca, and corn- bean/cowpea and rice-peanut significantly reduced exchangeable Mg. Fertilization significantly increased soil P but decreased Ca. Foliar analysis revealed N, Mg, and Zn deficiencies in all cropping systems. Rice yields, unlike corn, were significantly increased by optimal weeding. Corn yields were dominated by fertilization, whereas rice yields were mainly influenced by fertilization in the first and fourth years, and by weeds in the intervening years. Without fertilizers, rice- fallow was not sustainable, and only corn- bean/cowpea was sustainable for 3 yr. With fertilization, rice- fallow plus optimal weed control and corn-bean/cowpea with minimal or optimal weeding were sustainable for 3 yr. Additional fertilization and future liming.

74.
NAL Call No.: 280.8-J822
Multiattribute assessment of alternative cropping systems.
Foltz, J. C.; Lee, J. G.; Martin, M. A.; Preckel, P. V. Am- j-agric-econ v.77(2): p.408-420. (1995 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; glycine-max; medicago-sativa; cropping-systems; profitability; low-input-agriculture; simulation-models; decision-analysis; corn-belt-states-of- usa

Abstract: Multiattribute rankings of seventy-two alternative midwestern cropping systems involving corn, soybeans, and alfalfa hay are analyzed from profitability and environmental quality perspectives. Environmental consequences are simulated using EPIC and GLEAMS, and profitability is based on budget analysis. Results are analyzed using an algorithm based on multiattribute decision theory. A corn-soybean rotation using low input levels and minimum tillage on high-productivity soil, and continuous corn using low input levels and minimum tillage on low-productivity soil are in the preferred set regardless of whether profits or preserving the environment is the first priority for the decision maker.

75.
NAL Call No.: QD1.A45
New chemical approaches for control of biennial bearing of apples.
Williams, M. W. ACS-symp-ser. Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society, 1974-. 1994 (557) p. 16-25.
In the series analytic: Bioregulators for crop protection and pest control / edited by P.A. Hedin.
Descriptors: apples; malus-pumila; irregular-bearing; deblossoming; chemical-control; carbaryl; blossom-thinning; elargonic-acid; endothallic-acid; sulfcarbamide

Abstract: The chemicals sulfcarbamide (monocarbamide dihydrogen sulfate), pelargonic acid [CH3CH2)7CooH] and endothallic acid [7,oxybicylo(2,2,2)heptane-2-3 dicarboxylic acid] are new, effective blossom thinning agents used to prevent alternate year cropping of apples. Early removal of potential fruit reduces competition for photosynthates and favors flower initiation for the next year's crop. Sulfcarbamide is nearing full registration for commercial use. Pelargonic acid and endothallic acid require further testing for commercial development. Early application of the post-bloom thinner carbaryl (1-naphthyl-n-methyl carbamate) at petal fall time is effective for reducing fruit set and provides an alternative approach to blossom thinning for preventing biennial bearing.

76.
NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
New crop introduction: exploration, research and commercial ization of aromatic plants in the New World.
Simon, J. E. Acta-hortic (331): p.209-221. (1993 Sept.)
Paper presented at the First World Congress on "Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Human Welfare, WOCMAP: Raw material production, product introduction," July 19-25, 1992, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Descriptors: plant; aromatic-compounds; essential-oils; resins; crop-production; usa

77.
NAL Call No.: SB160.N38-1991
New crops.
Janick, J. 1.; Simon, J. E.; National Symposium NEW CROPS: Exploration, R. a. C. 2. 1. I. I. New York : Wiley, c1993. xxi, 710 p. : ill., "Proceedings of the Second National Symposium NEW CROPS--Exploration, Research, and Commercialization, Indianapolis, Indiana, October 6-9, 1991, in cooperation with the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops; society sponsors, American Society for Agronomy ... [et al.]"--P. preceding t.p.
Descriptors: New-crops-Congresses

78. NAL Call No.: Videocassette- no.1576
New crops.
National Audiovisual Center. Capitol Heights, MD : Distributed by National Audiovisual Center, [199-?] 1 videocassette (11 min., 38 sec.) : sd., col..
"A19170.VNB1.".
Descriptors: New-crops

Abstract: Describes new varieties of carrots, lettuce, oranges, onions, strawberries, and kenaf developed by USDA scientists.
79.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
New crops for South America's farmers.
Popenoe, H. L. Acta-Hortic (318): p.209-210. (1992 Nov.)
In the series analytic: Specialty and exotic vegetable crops / by D. N. Maynard. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium, March 15-19, 1992, Miami, Florida.
Descriptors: food-crops; vegetables; fruit-crops; nuts; south-america

80.
NAL Call No.: SB160.N49-1993
New crops for temperate regions. 1st ed.
Anthony, K. R. M.; Meadley, J.; Robbelen, G. London ; New York : Chapman & Hall, 1993. xxvii, 247 p. : ill., Papers originally presented at the Symposium on New Crops for Europe organized by the International Centre for Underutilized Crops and held Dec. 12-13, 1991.
Descriptors: New-crops-Congresses; New-crops-Europe- Congresses

81.
NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
New crops in the U.S.A.
Lawson, R. H.; Roh, M. S. Acta-hortic (397): p.31-42. (1995 Mar.)
Paper presented at the symposium "New Ornamental Crops and the Market for Floricultural Products," August 21-27, 1994, Kyoto, Japan.
Descriptors: ornamental-plants; cupressus; eustoma; ornithogalum; lachenalia; new-products; product-development; research; floriculture; usa

82.
NAL Call No.: S562.A8W35--1990
New England budget handbook : summer crops, 1990. Summer crops, 1990.
Welsh, R. [Gunnedah, N.S.W.?] : NSW Agriculture & Fisheries, New England, Hunter & Metropolitan Region, [1990?] 52 p., Cover title.
Descriptors: Field-crops-Economic-aspects-Australia- New-South-Wales

83.
NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
New fruits from old genes.
Janick, J. Acta-Hortic v.1(297): p.25-42. (1992 Apr.)
Paper presented at the "Second International Symposium on Kiwifruit," February 18-20, 1991, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Descriptors: fruit-crops; centers-of-origin; genotypes; interspecific-hybridization; diversity; domestication; germplasm; genetic-improvement; plant-breeding; breeding- programs; cultivars; exchange-of-crops; exchange-of-genes; new-fruit-crops

84.
NAL Call No.: TD365.C54-1995
Nitrate leaching in alternate cover crop systems.
Herbert, S. J.; Mangan, F. X.; Liu, G.; Daliparthy, J.; Barker, A. V.; Moffitt, L. J. Clean water, clean environment, 21st century team agriculture, working to protect water resources conference proceedings, March 5-8, 1995, Kansas City, Missouri /. St. Joseph, Mich. : ASAE, c1995.. v. 2 p. 71-74.
Descriptors: vicia-villosa; cover-crops; secale-cereale; zea- mays; nitrate; leaching; nitrogen-fertilizers; application-rates; rotations; low-input-agriculture; crop-yield; soil- water

85.
NAL Call No.: S441.S855
Novel rotation crops as alternatives to fu migant nematicide treatment in deciduous tree fruit production.
Halbrendt, J. M. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE or Agriculture in Concert with the Environment ACE research projects. [1988-. 1990. 20 p.
SARE Project Number: LNE 90-22.
Descriptors: fruit-trees; rotations; crops; brassica; calendula; xiphinema; plant-parasitic-nematodes; tomato-ringspot- nepovirus; disease-vectors; population-density; cultural-control; nematode-control; glucosinolates; plant-extracts; toxicity; bioassays; efficacy; low-input-agriculture; pennsylvania; west- virginia; maryland

86.
NAL Call No.: 307.8-J82
Oil content and fatty acid composition of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) from five northwestern locations in Argentina.
Ayerza, R. J-Am-Oil-Chem-Soc v.72(9): p.1079-1081. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: salvia; food-crops; seed-oils; fatty- acids; chemical-composition; climatic-factors; geographical- distribution; argentina; new-crops; industrial-crops

87. NAL Call No.: Graphic--no.- 294
Pasture varieties.
NSW Agriculture & Fisheries. Pasture Section. [S.l.] : NSW Agriculture & Fisheries, 1991. 1 chart : col..
Descriptors: Grasses-Australia-New-South-Wales/ Forage- plants-Australia-New-South-Wales/ Pastures-Australia-New-South- Wales/ Field-crops-Australia-New-South- Wales

Abstract: Varieties of temperate and tropical grasses and legumes recommended by NSW Agriculture & Fisheries.
88.
NAL Call No.: 64.8-C883
Patterns of variation in a collection of perennial ryegrass accessions.
Casler, M. D. Crop-sci v.35(4): p.1169-1177. (1995 July- 1995 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lolium-perenne; plant-collections; genetic-variation; cultivars; germplasm; agronomic- characteristics; seedlings; vigor; leaves; crop-yield; forage; disease-resistance; puccinia-coronata; cluster-analysis; core- collections

Abstract: Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a relatively new crop in temperate North America. Cultivars for use in this region have been introduced from temperate regions of Europe, Australia, or New Zealand. Because environmental conditions of these areas differ from those of temperate North America, currently used cultivars may not be the most appropriate for this latter region. The objectives of this study were to (i) estimate and describe quantitative genetic variation in the USDA perennial ryegrass collection, (ii) use this information to develop recommendations for future germplasm exploration, and (iii) initiate development of a core collection. Plants of 375 accessions, representing the entire collection to date, were evaluated at two Wisconsin locations for seedling vigor, leaf width, reaction to crown rust (Puccinia coronata Corda), and forage yield in 1991 and 1992. Accessions collected from cultivated sources averaged 6% greater seedling vigor, 6% wider leaves, 22% lower incidence of crown rust, and 20% higher forage yield than those from naturalized (cultivar adaptation to a local ecosystem) sources. Genotypic and phenotypic variance estimates were similar for both naturalized and cultivated groups. Thus, more than 60 yr of intensive ryegrass breeding has not greatly reduced genotypic variation among cultivated populations. Based on principal components analysis, expansion of the collection should focus on the Mediterranean Basin if the goal is to preserve natural variation, or on Eastern Europe and New Zealand if the goal is to collect germplasm with maximum forage yield for environments similar to southern and central Wisconsin. Cluster analysis was useful in identifying groups of accessions. within the entire collection.

89.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
Popcorn, sweet corn, and sorghum as alternative silage crops.
Kurle, J. E.; Sheaffer, C. C.; Crookston, R. K.; Peterson, R. H.; Chester Jones, H.; Lueschen, W. E. J-prod-agric v.4(3): p.432-436. (1991 July-1991 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; varieties; sorghum-bicolor; fodder-crops; alternative-farming; forage; crop-yield; dry- matter-accumulation; crop-quality; silage-quality; digestibility; silage-fermentation; profitability; returns

Abstract: Current farm program restrictions limit dent corn (Zea mays L.) acreage planted for grain or silage production. Popcorn, sweet corn, or sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] have been suggested as alternative silage crops. The objective of this study was to determine the relative forage yields, forage quality, and returns over production costs of the four crops. The silage fermentation characteristics of each crop also were determined. Studies were conducted in southern Minnesota on a Waukegan silt loam (fine-silty, over sandy- skeletal, mixed mesic Typic Hapludoll) and a Webster clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed mesic Typic Haplaquoll). Fodder dry matter yields of popcorn and sweet corn were similar and averaged 42% lower than those of dent corn and sorghum (average yield of 8.9 ton/acre). Dent corn forage crude protein (CP, average of 6.81%) and in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM, average 68.2%) were consistently higher and neutral detergent fiber (NDF, average of 43.4%) consistently lower than that of sorghum (CP average of 5.67%; IVDDM average of 60.7%; NDF average of 49.4%) Higher sorghum forage yields, however, resulted in CP and IVDDM yields similar to those of dent corn. Average CP and IVDDM concentrations of popcorn and sweet corn forage were higher than those of sorghum; however, and IVDDM yields of popcorn and sweet corn were lower. Desirable fermentation occurred with all four crops. Dent corn produced the highest cash return per acre followed by sorghum. Sweet corn and popcorn lodged and were difficult to harvest. In addition, sweet corn grain dried slowly and was susceptible to spoilage. We concluded that sorghum is a better alternative silage crop than. digestibility of some sorghum cultivars may limit their use for livestock with high nutrient intake requirements.

90.
NAL Call No.: HD1401.S73--no.94-8
Potential environmental contamination from conventional and alternative cropping systems in northeast Kansas.
Koo, S. Manhattan, KS : Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University, [1994] 19 p. : ill., April 1994.

91.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
The potential of quackgrass for forage production.
Sheaffer, C. C.; Wyse, D. L.; Marten, G. C.; Westra, P. H. J- prod-agric v.3(2): p.256-259. (1990 Apr.-1990 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: elymus-repens; biotypes; forage; crop- yield; crop-quality; phalaris-arundinacea; bromus-inermis; comparisons; cutting-frequency; minnesota; alternate-crops

Abstract: Quackgrass [Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski] is a competitive perennial invader of pastures and hay meadows which is frequently harvested as forage in mixtures with desired forage species or in pure natural stands. The forage potential of morphologically diverse quackgrass biotypes in relation to that of standard forage grasses has not been adequately determined for diverse cutting schedules. Our objective was to determine the forage yield and quality of quackgrass biotypes compared to reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) when all were subjected to varying cutting schedules. Field experiments were conducted on a Waukegan silt loam (fine-silty over sandy skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll) in southern Minnesota and on a Colvin silty clay loam (fine-silty, frigid Typic Calciaquolls) in northern Minnesota. Quackgrass forage yield and quality did not consistently differ among biotypes over the two locations and were not consistently different than those of reed canarygrass and smooth bromegrass. Increased cutting frequency, which decreased relative maturity at cutting, increased forage quality and decreased long-term yields of all grasses. Quackgrass appears to be a viable alternative to the use of reed canarygrass and smooth bromegrass for forage. Eradication of natural quackgrass stands to permit establishment of reed canarygrass or smooth bromegrass for forage production may be unwise, provided quackgrass is not allowed to spread to cultivated cropland.

92.
NAL Call No.: SB160.I57-1990
Proceedings. New industrial crops and products.
Naqvi, H. H.; Estilai, A. 1.; Ting, I. P.; International Conference on New Industrial Crops and Products (1st : 1990 : Riverside, C. Riverside, Calif. : Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops, [1992] xiii, 245 p. : ill., Spine title: New industrial crops and products.
Descriptors: New-crops-Congresses; Plant-products- Congresses

93.
NAL Call No.: 58.8-J82
The profitability of growing a consistent sunflower crop in the U.K.
Sells, J. E. J-agric-eng-res v.56(3): p.201-209. (1993 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: helianthus-annuus; crop-production; profitability; environmental-temperature; heat-sums; linear- programming; models; uk

Abstract: With crop surpluses there is increasing demand for alternatives. Sunflower is a potential alternative crop for the British farmer, particularly on cereal farms where similar equipment and husbandry techniques could be used to cultivate the crop. However, with present varieties the U.K. is at the fringe of the growing area in terms of climate, thus the crop is risky to grow, behaving inconsistently from year to year. Weather data for some southern regions of the U.K. show that low ground temperatures in spring are common thus present varieties of sunflower would have to be drilled later to avoid damage. In order to harvest a mature crop by the end of September, the crop would need about 1200 degrees C cumulative heat units for development compared with about 1500 degrees C for varieties grown in France. By assuming the sunflower crop could be grown consistently it is possible to assess its profitability on British farms. A whole farm model using the technique of linear programming calculates the profitability of sunflower for given farm and crop constraints. On cereal farms with average yields the alternative crop is profitable if it yields at least 2t/ha and is combined after the cereal harvest, at the end of September (or later with no loss of yield).

94.
NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Progress of new crops research--a cooperative program between the government and industry.
Roh, M. S.; Lawson, R. H. Acta-hortic (337): p.145-152. (1993 Apr.)
Paper presented at the Second International Symposium on the "Development of New Floricultural Crops," September 15-21, 1991, Baltimore, Maryland.
Descriptors: floriculture; research-projects; plant- breeding; breeding-programs; crop-production; germplasm; diversity; usa; new-crop-production

95.
NAL Call No.: 23-W52J
Pulses: profitable new crops for the wheatbelt.
Siddique, K.; Loss, S.; Pritchard, I. J-agric. South Perth, W.A. : Dept. of Agriculture, 1972-. 1995. v. 36 (4) p. 112- 116.
Descriptors: grain-legumes; crop-production; crop-yield; crop- quality; markets; western-australia

96.
NAL Call No.: SB13.E97
Quinoa--Morphology, phenology and prospects for its production as a new crop in Europe.
Jacobsen, S. E.; Stolen, O. Eur-J-agron v.2(1): p.19-29. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: chenopodium-quinoa; crop-production; phenology; plant-morphology; agronomic-characteristics; plant- breeding; inheritance; tetraploidy; cultivars; europe

97.
NAL Call No.: 100-Id14
Rapeseed: an alternative crop for Idaho.
Melfi, J. A.; Withers, R. V. Bull-Univ-Ida,-Coll-Agric. Moscow : Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, 1953-. July 1993. (EXP 752) 12 p.
Includes references.
Descriptors: brassica-napus; crop-production; crop- enterprises; rapeseed-oil; rapeseed-oilmeal; soybean-oil; soybean-oilmeal; production-costs; estimated-costs; production- costs; total-costs; variable-costs; returns; domestic-markets; world-markets; exports; idaho; canada; japan

98.
NAL Call No.: QH301.A76
Rationalisation of new crop options in Scotland.
Walker, K. C.; Entwistle, G.; Taylor, B. R.; Booth, E. J.; Batchelor, S. E.; Mitchell, P.; Robertson, J. F.; Watters, M. Asp-appl-biol (40,pt.1): p.151-157. (1994)
In the series analytic: Arable farming under CAP reform / edited by J. Clarke, A. Lane, A. Mitchell, M. Ramans and P. Ryan.
Descriptors: industrial-crops; agronomic- characteristics; crop-production; ranking; land-banks; field- crops; scotland

99.
NAL Call No.: SB160.N32--1993
Renewable raw materials. Nachwachsende Rohstoffe : haben nachwachsende Rohstoffe und Sonderkulturen eine Chance.
Brandenburg (Germany). Ministerium fur Ernahrung, L. u. F. Potsdam : Ministerium fur Ernahrung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, [1993?] 71 p. : ill. (some col.), map, Descriptors: New-crops-Germany-Brandenburg; Energy-crops-Germany- Brandenburg; Renewable-natural-resources-Germany-Brandenburg

100.
NAL Call No.: HD1401.S73--no.95-8
A review of economic analyses of alternative cropping systems in Kansas.
Williams, J. R. Manhattan, KS : Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University, [1995] 20 p., "April 1995."

101.
NAL Call No.: SB87.A82W4-1992
A review of four potential new crops for Australian agriculture : Amaranthus caudata, Chenopodium quinoa, Grindelia camporum and Stevia rebaudiana.
Hoyle, F. C. South Perth, W.A. : Division of Plant Industries, Dept. of Agriculture, 1992. 35 p. : maps, "January 1992."

102.
NAL Call No.: S603.R68--1992
Rotations and farming systems for southern and central New South Wales : papers presented to a workshop, Agricultural Research Institute, Wagga Wagga, 27 February 1992. Rotations & farming systems for southern & central New South Wales.
Murray, G. M.; Heenan, D. P.; Agricultural Research Institute, W. W. Wagga Wagga : NSW Agriculture, The Institute, 1992. vi, 66 p. : ill., 1 map, Cover title: Rotations & farming systems for southern & central New South Wales.
Descriptors: Crop-rotation-Australia-New-South-Wales- Congresses; Cropping-systems-Australia-New-South-Wales-Congresses

103.
NAL Call No.: QL391.N4J62
Rotations with coastal bermudagrass, cotton, and bahiagrass for management of Meloidogyne arenaria and southern blight in peanut.
Rodriguez Kabana, R.; Kokalis Burelle, N.; Robertson, D. G.; King, P. S.; Wells, L. W. J-nematol v.26(4,suppl.): p.665-668. (1994 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: arachis-hypogaea; rotations; monoculture; cynodon-dactylon; gossypium-hirsutum; paspalum-notatum; meloidogyne-arenaria; plant-parasitic-nematodes; population- density; aldicarb; corticium-rolfsii; plant-pathogenic-fungi; nematode-control; cultural-control; crop-yield; alabama

Abstract: The efficacy of coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) as a rotation crop for control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria) in 'Florunner' peanut (Arachis hypogaea) was evaluated in a 3-year field trial. Coastal bermudagrass- peanut rotation (CBP) was compared with peanut monoculture without nematicide (P-) and peanut monoculture with aldicarb (P+). The performance of CBP was also compared with 'Pensacola' bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum)- peanut (BP), and 'Deltapine 90' cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)-peanut (CP) rotations. Each rotation crop was grown for 2 years (1991, 1992) and peanut was planted without nematicide the third year (1993). In contrast with peanut, the alternate crops of bahiagrass, bermudagrass, and cotton did not support M. arenaria populations. In 1993, the lowest numbers of M. arenaria second-stage juveniles (J2) in soil were in plots with CP and BP; these rotations resulted in the highest peanut yields. CBP failed to increase peanut yield and resulted in the highest population densities of M. arenaria J2. In 1993, aldicarb reduced J2 densities in the soil but did not increase peanut yields. Rotations of BP and CP reduced incidence of southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii) in peanut, but neither CBP nor aldicarb affected the disease.

104.
NAL Call No.: 4-AM34P
Ryegrass companion crops for alfalfa establishment. I. Forage yield and alfalfa suppresion.
Sulc, R. M.; Albrecht, K. A.; Casler, M. D. Agron-J v.85(1): p.67-74. (1993 Jan.-1993 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: medicago-sativa; crop-establishment; companion-crops; lolium-multiflorum; crop-yield; forage; cultivars; lolium; sowing-rates; crop-mixtures; crop-density; interspecific-competition; plant-competition; lolium-perenne; species-differences; lolium-hybridum; festulolium-braunii

Abstract: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is often established with a small grain companion crop in the northcentral USA. Information on alternative companion crop species is limited. This study was conducted to evaluate forage yield and alfalfa establishment when ryegrasses (Lolium spp.) are used as companion crops. Five ryegrass cultivars representing four species were sown at 215, 430, and 645 seeds m-2 with alfalfa at two locations in Wisconsin in April of 1988, 1989, and 1990. Alfalfa was also established alone or with oat (Avena sativa L. 'Ensiler'). Three harvest schedules, based on oat maturity at the first harvest, were imposed during the seeding year. The ryegrass-alfalfa mixtures usually had lower forage yields in the seeding year than the oat companion treatment. But mixtures with the diploid annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum Lam. 'Surrey') yielded up to 1.17 Mg ha-1 more than the oat companion treatment in environments with adequate rainfall. When rainfall was limiting during early establishment, alfalfa predominated in all ryegrass-alfalfa mixtures and forage yield and alfalfa plant density the next year were excellent in the ryegrass companion treatments. Ryegrass was very competitive with alfalfa in seeding years with adequate rainfall, and forage yield and alfalfa plant density the next year varied considerably with ryegrass cultivar, ryegrass seeding rate, and harvest schedule. The diploid annual ryegrass (Surrey) sown at 215 seeds m-2 was the most suitable ryegrass companion crop for alfalfa establishment because it established rapidly, produced high forage yields in the establishment year, and had the least detrimental effect on forage yield and alfalfa plant density the year after seeding.

105.
NAL Call No.: SB160.N38-1991b
Second National Symposium NEW CROPS--Exploration, Research, Commercialization : program & abstracts : October 6-9, 1991, Hyatt Regency Hotel, Indianapolis, Indiana. Program & abstracts.
National Symposium NEW CROPS: Exploration, R. a. C. 2. 1. I. I. [U.S. : s.n., 1991?] 74 p. : ill., Cover title.
Descriptors: New-crops-Congresses

106.
NAL Call No.: TX501.J68
Seed lipid content and fatty acid composition of three quinoa cultivars.
Wood, S. G.; Lawson, L. D.; Fairbanks, D. J.; Robison, L. R.; Andersen, W. R. J-food-compos-anal v.6(1): p.41-44. (1993 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: chenopodium-quinoa; seeds; cultivars; fatty-acids; lipids; nutrient-content; food-composition

Abstract: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a human food staple of Andean South America that has received attention as an alternative crop elsewhere in the world because of its high nutritional value, due in particular to the favorable amino-acid composition of seed proteins. Although claims of a nutritionally favorable quantity of lipids in quinoa seed have been made, only limited information is available on the seed fatty-acid composition. The purpose of this research was to determine the seed lipid content and fatty-acid composition from three genetically diverse cultivars of quinoa. Total seed lipid content and fatty-acid composition varied little among the three cultivars examined. The average seed lipid content was 5.3%, 85% of which yielded fatty acids. Approximately 11% of the fatty acids were saturated, with palmitic acid predominating. Linoleic, oleic, and alpha-linolenic acids accounted for 52.3, 23.0, and 8.1%, respectively, of the total fatty acids. Erucic acid was slightly below 2% in all samples. Quinoa oil appears to be a high quality edible oil, similar in fatty-acid composition to soybean oil.

107.
NAL Call No.: SB450.9.J68
A socio-economic impact of new crops production on diverse groups of people: a case study in northwest Missouri.
Ching, A.; Jewell, D. J-home-consum-hortic v.1(4): p.383-393. (1994)
Paper presented at the "Symposium on People-Plant Relationships: Setting Research Priorities," April 24-26, 1992, East Rutherford, New Jersey.
Descriptors: small-farms; crop-production; urban-rural- migration; socioeconomic-status; missouri

108.
NAL Call No.: HD1401.A47
Soil, water and crop management alternatives in rainfed agriculture in the Sahel: an economic analysis.
Day, J. C.; Hughes, D. W.; Butcher, W. R. Agric-econ v.7(3/4): p.267-287. (1992 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural-production; rain; crop- management; soil-water; soil-management; water-management; npk- fertilizers; technical-progress; traditional-farming; case- studies; economic-analysis; linear-programming; sahel; mali

Abstract: Most agriculture in the Sahel Region is carried out under rainfed conditions where low and uncertain soil moisture levels limit productivity. Improved soil, water and crop management practices are required to reverse the steady decline in per capita food production and sustain output over the long term. Several technological innovations and related farm management practices are evaluated in a case study of a typical farm in Mali. Through use of a soil-water balance model and a whole-farm economic model an optimal mix of these measures is identified. Compared to a base case where no modern inputs ate utilized, the combination of animal traction (oxen team), low levels of NPK fertilizer, tied-ridges, traditional long-season food grain crops and early planting was most effective: food grain output was 35% higher than with the traditional base case; soil erosion was reduced by 72%; and even with residual future soil erosion damage capitalized into current income, net farm income was larger by a factor of almost 45.

109.
NAL Call No.: 56.9-So3
Soil water and nutrient change in stands of three perennial crops.
Piper, J. K. Soil-Sci-Soc-Am-j. [Madison, Wis.] Soil Science Society of America. Mar/Apr 1993. v. 57 (2) p. 497-505.
Includes references.
Descriptors: leymus; tripsacum-dactyloides; desmanthus; perennials; low-input-agriculture; nutrient-uptake; water-uptake; seasonal-variation; soil-water-content; nutrient-content; soil- fertility; soil-organic-matter; carbon; kansas; leymus-racemosus; desmanthus-illinoensis

Abstract: Perennial grains have potential as alternative crops for low-input agricultural systems. This study was conducted to describe seasonal and spatial patterns of soil water and nutrient change in experimental stands of wildrye [Leymus racemosus (Lam.) Tsvelev], eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.], and Illinois bundleflower [Desmanthus illinoensis (Michx.) MacM.]. Changes in soil water pressure, organic C, and nutrient concentrations were monitored regularly at three depths 5-15, 35-45, and 90-100 cm) from March 1988 through October 1989, and soil nutrients were sampled again in April 1991 and March 1992, to document species differences in resource use and effects on soil nutrient balance with time. During the first two growing seasons, crops showed strong seasonal and spatial differences in resource extraction. Annual precipitation in 1988 and 1989 was below normal. Soil water pressure under bundleflower stands declined rap. idly by mid- summer 1988 and approached -1.5 MPa at 100 cm by late summer 1988. Water pressure declined more gradually in the grass stands, remaining generally highest in wildrye. Bundleflower and gamagrass depleted relatively more sod water in summer, whereas wildrye used relatively more soil water in spring and autumn 1989. Inorganic N increased at 10 and 40 cm in wildrye stands in the first year and remained higher than in stands of the other two species from late 1988 through late summer 1989. In general, P increased at 10 cm in grass stands, especially in wildrye. Otherwise, there were few consistent differences among species in levels of soil C, P, K, Ca, Mg, and pH during the first two growing seasons. After three years, soil organic C was generally highest in gamagrass stands, whereas NO3- concentration was highest for wildrye. The next year, however, NO3- was highest in.

110.
NAL Call No.: 56.8-C162
Soil water conventional and alternative cropping systems in cryoboreal subhumid central Alberta.
Izaurralde, R. C.; Chanasyk, D. S.; Juma, N. G. Can-j-soil- sci v.74(1): p.85-92. (1994 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: hordeum-vulgare; vicia-faba; pisum- sativum; festuca-rubra; monoculture; intercropping; deep-tillage; no-tillage; soil-water-content; soil-variability; spatial- distribution; temporal-variation; water-use; water-availability; water-use-efficiency; crop-yield; water-requirements; alberta

111. NAL Call No.: Videocassette-- no.2059
Sustainable agriculture.
Harrigan, J. & San Luis Video Publishing. San Luis Obispo, CA : San Luis Video Publishing, c1991. 1 videocassette (23 min.) : sd., col..
Descriptors: Sustainable-agriculture/ Cropping-systems/ Alternative-agriculture/ Organic-farming

Abstract: Discusses alternative crops, tillage styles and systems, pest management, and soil fertility in terms of improving farms while preserving the environment. Visits several farms managed as sustainable operations.
112.
NAL Call No.: HD1401.S73--no.95-6
A target motad analysis of double-cropping and alternative crop rotations.
Burton, R. O. Manhattan, Kan. : Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University, [1995] 20 p., "January 1995."

113.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Thermal stability and activities of soil enzymes as influenced by crop rotations.
Miller, M.; Dick, R. P. Soil-biol-biochem v.27(9): p.1161-1166. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: soil-enzymes; asparaginase; amidase; beta- glucosidase; enzyme-activity; thermal-properties; stability; zea- mays; triticum; brassica-oleracea; fallow; trifolium-pratense; rotations; green-manures; long-term-experiments

Abstract: Soil samples were collected to a depth of 10 cm in 1991 and 1993 from a vegetable crop rotation experiment initiated in 1989. The two cropping treatments, with either 0 or 280 kg N ha-1, represented the traditional vegetable rotation (TVR) and an alternative legume vegetable rotation (LVR) when a vegetable crop alternated with a red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed-crop that was incorporated as green manure in the following spring. The enzyme activities of L- asparaginase, amidase and beta-glucosidase were determined on whole soil and five soil aggregate size fractions: 1.00-2.00, 0.50-1.00, 0.25- 0.50, 0.10-0.25 and < 0.1 mm. Thermal stability of the enzymes was determined by conditioning soil samples at 85 degrees C for 2 h or by exposing soil samples to five successive freeze- thaw cycles prior to enzyme assays. Enzyme activities for LVR were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than TVR for beta-glucosidase and amidase at both N-rates in 1991. This difference in activity for these enzymes was sustained only at the high N-rate in 1993. The activity of L-asparaginase was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the LVR in 1993. Sixty to seventy percent of the soil enzyme activity (on a mass basis) was associated with macroaggregates with specific distribution of activity across aggregate fractions varying with enzyme. Average beta-glucosidase activity decreased by 50% from 1991 to 1993. In contrast, amidase activity increased 1.43-fold over the same period. beta- glucosidase activity was sensitive to temporal trends, showing proportional decreases in activities in each system that were consistent with decreases in organic C. Furthermore, beta- glucosidase activity showed significantly higher (P < 0.05). results showed that soil enzyme activity is a sensitive biological indicator of the effects of soil management practices.

114.
NAL Call No.: S441.S855
This project will utilize CRP land to demonstrate livestock grazing systems that will be an economically feasible and environmentally sound alternative to row crop production on highly erodible land at the completion of the CRP contract.
Nelson, C.; Riley, W. D. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE or Agriculture in Concert with the Environment ACE research projects. [1988-. 1991. 45 p.
SARE Project Number" LWF 62-016-02989.
Descriptors: agricultural-land; federal-programs; cattle-farming; rotational-grazing; feasibility; electric-fences; economic-analysis; sustainability; iowa; erodible-land; conservation-reserve-program

115.
NAL Call No.: SD414.N45P66-1992
Tomorrow's trees. Trees.
Poole, L.; Johns, J. [Christchurch, N.Z.] : Caxton Press in association with Carter Holt Harvey, c1992. viii, 189 p. : ill. (some col.), Includes bibliographical references and index.
Descriptors: Forests-and-forestry-Protection-New- Zealand; Trees-Protection-New-Zealand; Tree-crops-Protection-New- Zealand; Tree-crops-Economic-aspects-New- Zealand

116.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
Water-yield relations of several spring-planted dryland crops following winter wheat.
Lyon, D. J.; Boa, F.; Arkebauer, T. J. J-prod-agric v.8(2): p.281-286. (1995 Apr.-1995 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: zea-mays; sorghum-bicolor; phaseolus- vulgaris; panicum-miliaceum; helianthus-annuus; triticum- aestivum; winter-wheat; rotations; soil-water-content; water-use; crop-yield; correlation; nebraska; soil-water-at-planting

Abstract: A winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow cropping system has developed in the central Great Plains as a means to stabilize crop production in a highly variable climate. As an alternative, a flexible cropping system partially based on soil water at planting may allow producers to minimize risk while allowing some additional crop production during wetter climate cycles. Water-yield relations are critical in the development of flexible cropping systems. The experiment was conducted near Sidney, NE, on a Keith silt loam (fine silty, mixed mesic Aridic Argiustoll) to determine the response of five spring-planted crops (corn (Zea mays L.), grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)) to three different soil water levels the year following winter wheat harvest. Water use of all crops increased with increasing soil water at planting. The grain yield of pinto bean and proso millet responded positively to soil water at planting. Soil water at planting accounted for less than half of the total variability in grain yield for corn, grain sorghum, and sunflower. Soil water at planting appears to be useful in determining the success of planting the two short duration crops (pinto bean and proso millet) the year after winter wheat harvest. For the long duration crops (corn, grain sorghum, and sunflower) other factors, such as precipitation near the time of flowering, may be more important in determining success.

117.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Whole farm systems research: an integrated crop and livestock systems comparison study.
Luna, J.; Allen, V.; Fontenot, J.; Daniels, L.; Vaughan, D.; Hagood, S.; Taylor, D.; Laub, C. Am-J-altern-agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for Alternative Agriculture. Winter/Spring 1994. v. 9 (1/2) p. 57-63.
Papers presented at the conference on "Science and Sustainability", October 24-26, 1993, Seattle, Washington.
Descriptors: alternative-farming; low-input- agriculture; farming-systems; livestock-enterprises; crop- enterprises; integrated-systems; farming-systems; research- projects; crop-management; grazing-systems; long-term- experiments; virginia

Abstract: To examine the long-term productivity, profitability, and ecological interactions associated with whole farming systems, we established an interdisciplinary replicated comparison of a conventional and an experimental alternative crop-livestock farming system in southwest Virginia in 1988. The conventional system uses the best management practices commonly used in the mid-Atlantic region. The alternative system puts more emphasis on crop rotation, grazing and forage management, conservation tillage, cover crops, and integrated pest management. Each is managed as a year-round system, with management decisions based on the system's overall goals. The comparison is planned to run for 10 years, so that only preliminary conclusions can be drawn so far. These include the following: 1) similar total productivity can be achieved with either reduced or full use of herbicides and insecticides; 2) the need for N fertilization can be decreased using grazing management and short-rotation alfalfa; and 3) recycling of manure from cattle fed corn silage provides most nutrients needed for the following corn crop. The comparative profitability of the two systems has fluctuated among years, and it is too early to know which system is more profitable. The process of interdisciplinary systems research has increased our knowledge of total system interactions, challenged prior assumptions, and clarified the methodological problems of integrated systems research.

118.
NAL Call No.: 450-Ec7
Wild food plants in South Korea: market presence, new crops, and exports to the United States.
Pemberton, R. W.; Lee, N. S. Econ-bot v.50(1): p.57-70. (1996 Jan.-1996 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: edible-species; wild-foods; foodways; food-crops; exports; surveys; farmers'-markets; street-markets; supermarkets; korea-republic; usa

119.
NAL Call No.: 4-AM34P
Yield and quality of soybean forage as affected by cultivar and management practices.
Hintz, R. W.; Albrecht, K. A.; Oplinger, E. S. Agron-j v.84(5): p.795-798. (1992 Sept.-1992 Oct.)
This record replaces IND 93003870 which was attached to the wrong title.
Descriptors: glycine-max; cultivars; fodder-crops; row- spacing; plant-density; harvesting; maturity; crop-yield; crop- quality; developmental-stages; wyoming

Abstract: Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has potential for use as an alternative forage crop, however, little is known about the effects of cultural practices on forage yield and quality. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cultivar, row spacing, plant density, and harvest maturity on the yield and quality of soybean forage. The study was conducted at the Univ. of Wisconsin Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI on a Plano silt-loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, mesic, Typic Argiudoll) in 1987 and 1989. The cultivars Corsoy 79, Pella, and Williams 82 were grown at 20- and 76-cm row spacings at planting rates of 280 000 and 890 000 seeds ha-1 and were harvested at the R1, R3, R5, and R7 stages of development. Harvest maturity had the greatest effect on soybean forage yield and quality of the management practices evaluated. The yield of soybean forage increased from 2.4 Mg ha-1 when harvested at R1 to 7.4 Mg ha-1 when harvested at R7, but quality declined between stages R1 and R5 then increased from R5 to R7 as pods developed and seeds filled. Late maturing cultivars (Maturity Group III vs. Maturity Group II) produced greater forage yields but lower quality forage when harvested at the same stage of development. The 20-cm row spacing produced 1.2 Mg ha-1 more forage than the 76-cm row spacing, but crude protein concentration was 8 g kg less. The results of this experiment indicate that soybean can produce forage similar in quality to alfalfa and that management practices typically used for grain production are suitable for forage production.

120.
NAL Call No.: 4-AM34P
Yield response of canola to nitrogen, phosphorus, precipitation, and temperature.
Nuttal, W. F.; Moulin, A. P.; Townley Smith, L. J. Agron- j v.84(5): p.765-768. (1992 Sept.-1992 Oct.)
This record replaces IND 93003864 which was attached to the wrong title.
Descriptors: brassica-napus-var; -oleifera; crop-yield; responses; nitrogen-fertilizers; phosphorus-fertilizers; application-rates; environmental-impact; temperature; precipitation; soil-chemistry; nitrogen-content; phosphorus; silty-soils; clay-soils; correlated-traits; saskatchewan

Abstract: Canola (Brassica napus L.) is a major crop in western Canada, and been used extensively as an alternative crop to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Yet, little information is available on the response of this crop to N and P fertilizers in relation to soil tests for these elements under varying environmental conditions. Accordingly, this study was conducted for a 16-yr period to determine the yield response of canola to N and P fertilizers in relation to soil tests for these elements in northeastern Saskatchewan on black Melfort silty clay (Typic Cryoboroll) previously cropped to spring wheat. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 45 and 134 kg N ha-1 in factorial combination with 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 kg P ha-1. Extra treatments consisted of 10N-20P kg ha-1 and a control with no fertilizer applied. Canola grain and straw response to N and P fertilizer was significant, but the N by P interaction was not significant. The interaction effects of Year by P and Year by N were significant, indicating a wide range of response to applied elements among years because of temperature, precipitation and sod nutrient effects. Grain yield was positively correlated to total precipitation and negatively correlated to mean maximum daily temperature for the months of July and August (R2 = 0.32). The highest grain yield (2.46 t ha-1) was obtained in 1987 with P fertilizer applied at kg P ha-1 (averaged across N rates), 162 mm of rainfall and an average maximum temperature of 21.2 degrees C. The lowest yield (0.37 t ha-1) was obtained in 1989 with P fertilizer applied at 20 kg P ha-1, 95 mm of rainfall and an average maximum temperature of 25.1 degrees C. In conclusion, soil tests for N and P accounted for much of the variation in yield.

Author Index

Subject Index