Compiled By:
Mary V. Gold
Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, Information Centers Branch
National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture
Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351
| SET | DESCRIPTION |
| 1 | (compost* or vermicompost* or cocompost*)/TI,DE,ID |
| 2 | (farm* or dairy* or dairies or ranch* or (low input*)
or (ancillary enterprise*) /TI,DE,ID |
| 3 | (manure* not (green manure*)) or (animal waste*) or
slurr* or (crop* residue*) or hay or straw /TI,DE,ID |
| 4 | (chicken* or poultry or broiler*) near litter /TI,DE,ID |
| 5 | waste* near agricultur* /TI,DE,ID |
| 6 | (waste* near (disposal or utilization or treatment*) and agriculture*) /TI,DE,ID |
| 7 | #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 |
| 8 | #1 and #7 |
| 9 | #8 not (mushroom* or factory or sludge or (growing media)) |
| 10 | #9 and LA=English |
| 11 | #10 and PY=1990-1997 |
1.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Adding coal ash to the composting mix.
Beaver, T. Biocycle. v.36(3): p.88-89. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; coal; ash; manures; food
wastes; waste paper; litter plant
2.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Adding value to composted manure.
Biocycle. v.36(3): p.61-62. (1995 Mar.)
Descriptors: organic fertilizers; composts; poultry
manure; granules; value-added; waste utilization
3.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Aeration experiments for swine waste composting.
Lau, A. K.; Lo, K. V.; Liao, P. H.; Yu, J. C. Bioresource-
technol. v.41(2): p.145-152. (1992)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pig manure; waste treatment; composting;
aeration; temperature; composts; physicochemical properties
4.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Aerobic composting of plant wastes and their effect on
the yield of ryegrass and tomatoes.
Kostov, O.; Tzvetkov, Y.; Petkova, G.; Lynch, J. M. Biol-
fertil-soils. v.23(1): p.20-25. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lolium multiflorum; lycopersicon
esculentum; composts; quality; rice husks; crop residues; oryza
sativa; linum usitatissimum; vitis vinifera; waste utilization;
composting; nitrogen content; biomass; carbon; carbon-nitrogen
ratio; microbial activities; nitrification; nitrate nitrogen;
crop yield; crop quality; cephalosporium; dry matter
accumulation; plant composition; fertilizers; manures; organic
fertilizers; organic versus mineral fertilizers
Abstract: Vine branches, rice husks and flax residues
were composted. The dynamics of biomass carbon, C/N ratios and
nitrification were studied. The highest quality level and the
most stabilized composts with the highest values of total N (1.3-
1.6%) and the smallest C/N ratios (8.0-9.0) were found with the
vine branch composts. Compost application significantly increased
the yield of tomatoes (24.0-61.1%) and the quality of fruits
compared to soil treated with mineral fertilizers and manure.
Inoculation of the vine branch compost with a Cephalosporium sp.
had a positive effect on the yield and the quality of both
ryegrass and tomatoes. The stabilization of the microbial biomass
C level in the composts coincided with the beginning of
intensive nitrification. Inoculation lowered the conductivity
values and nitrate contents in all composts. It appeared that
when nitrate N concentrations in the composts were more than 5%
of the total N, NO3 accumulation in the fruits could result.
However, the results can be applied to similar substrates and
conditions of composting.
5.
NAL Call No.: TP1.P7
Aerobic processing of solid organic wastes for the
production of a peat alternative: a review.
Biddlestone, A. J.; Gray, K. R. Process-biochem.
v.26(5): p.275-279. (1991 Oct.)
Literature review.
Descriptors: agricultural wastes; crop residues; animal
wastes; aerobic treatment; composting; composts; peat; literature
reviews; microbial degradation
6. NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7
v.33 no.8
Aerobic thermophilic composting of piggery solid
wastes.
Bhamidimarri, S. M. R.; Pandey, S. P. Appropriate waste
management technologies for developing countries selected
proceedings of the 3rd IAWQ Specialized Conference on
Appropriate Waste Management Technologies for Developing
Countries, held in Nagpur, India, 25-26 February 1995. (1st
edition) p.89-94. (1996)
IAWQ Specialized Conference on Appropriate Waste Managment
Technologies for Developing Countries (New York: Pergamon Press);
includes references.
Descriptors: composting; pig manure; pig slurry;
sawdust; aerobic treatment; thermophilic bacteria; streptococcus;
waste treatment; nutrient content; nitrogen content; phosphorus
7.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Agricultural composting in the United States.
Kashmanian, R. M.; Rynk, R. F. Compost-sci-util. v.3(3):
p.84-88. (1995 Summer)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; on-farm processing; surveys;
cattle manure; poultry; pigs; carcasses; poultry manure; pig
manure; crop residues; usa
8.
NAL Call No.: 56.8 J822
Agricultural composting in the United States: trends and
driving forces.
Kashmanian, R. M.; Rynk, R. F. J-soil-water-conserv.
v.51(3): p.194-201. (1996 May-1996 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; on-farm processing; trends;
surveys
9.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.A2C47
Agricultural producer--self environmental
assistance.
LaPrade, J. C.; Hairston, J. E. Circ-ANR. [Auburn, Ala.:
Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn University].
#801, 11p. (1993 July)
Descriptors: farm management; fertilizers;
questionnaires; pesticides; composting
10.
NAL Call No.: TD419.R47
Agricultural waste.
Marr, J. B.; Facey, R. M. Water-environ-res. v.66(4):
p.387-394. (1994 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural wastes; characteristics;
anaerobic treatment; recycling; composting; literature reviews
11.
NAL Call No.: TD419.R47
Agricultural waste.
Marr, J. B.; Facey, R. M. Water-environ-res. v.67(4):
p.503-507. (1995 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: waste treatment; waste water treatment;
animal wastes; agricultural wastes; composting; literature
reviews
12.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Agricultural waste composting.
Biocycle. v.31(5): p.33. (1990 May)
Descriptors: composting; agricultural wastes; research;
usda; federal programs; legislation; usa
13.
NAL Call No.: TD419.R47
Agricultural wastes.
Walsh, J. L.; Valentine, G. E.; Ross, C. C. Res-j-water-
pollut-control-fed. v.63(4): p.452-458. (1991 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural wastes; waste treatment;
waste disposal; recycling; usage; anaerobic treatment;
composting; manures; water pollution; feeds; chemicals; reviews
14.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Agronomic effectiveness of poultry manure
composts.
Mahimairaja, S.; Bolan, N. S.; Hedley, M. J. Commun-soil-sci-
plant-anal. v.26(11/12): p.1843-1861. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: brassica oleracea var. capitata; zea mays;
composts; poultry manure; rock phosphate; sulfur; urea;
comparisons; crop yield; nitrogen; use efficiency; phosphorus;
nutrient uptake; recovery; nitrate; leaching; residual effects;
ammonium nitrogen; nitrate nitrogen; movement in soil;
sulfocomposts; phosphocomposts
Abstract: Two field experiments were conducted to
examine the agronomic value of poultry manure composted in the
presence of both phosphate rock (PR) and elemental sulphur (So)
(sulphocompost) and PR alone (phosphocompost). Winter cabbage and
summer maize were used as test crops. For the first season's
winter cabbage, the phosphocompost and sulphocompost were
approximately 12% and 60% as effective as urea and both composts
were equally effective as urea for the second season's maize
crop. The greater agronomic effectiveness of sulphocompost could
be attributed to the improved nitrogen (N)-use efficiency
increased PR dissolution and improved S nutrition. Distribution
of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in the soil profile of field plots
indicated greater potential for winter leaching of N from urea
than poultry manure which could be the reason for the improved
residual value of the manure reflected in summer maize yields.
The results from the field experiments indicated that composting
poultry manure with So and PR not only reduces environmental
pollution associated with manure application, but also increases
the agronomic effectiveness of manure.
15.
NAL Call No.: 47.8 AM33P
Alternatives for the disposal of poultry
carcasses.
Blake, J. P.; Donald, J. O. Poult-sci. v.71(7): p.1130-
1135. (1992 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: poultry farming; waste disposal; carcass
disposal; rendering; fermentation; composting; extrusion; burial;
incineration
Abstract: Every broiler production facility is faced
with the reality of carcass disposal. Nationwide, this represents
a tremendous amount of organic matter that requires
environmentally and biologically safe disposal or utilization.
Disposal of poultry carcasses has been identified as one of the
major problems facing the poultry industry. If poultry carcasses
resulting from death by natural occurrences at such high levels
of production are not disposed of by environmentally acceptable
methods, future industry expansion will be limited or regulatory
constraints will be imposed. Methods for the disposal of poultry
carcasses include burial, incineration, composting, and
rendering. Burial and incineration impose environmental concerns
that are becoming less acceptable. Composting is environmentally
sound, relatively inexpensive, and is gaining widespread
acceptance. Rendering carcasses into a valued protein by-product
meal is another alternative. Methods for transporting fresh or
refrigerated carcasses to a rendering facility are being
investigated. When coupled with rendering, fermentation is an
excellent alternative for storing and sporting pathogen-free
poultry carcasses. Extrusion of carcasses provides an alternative
to conventional by-product rendering. AD methods that allow for
the environmentally safe and biosecure disposal of poultry
carcasses should be considered. No single method will completely
solve the problem.
16.
NAL Call No.: TP995.A1I5
Anaerobic composting with methane recovery from
agricultural and village wastes.
Badawi, M. A.; Blanc, F. C.; Wise, D. L.; El Shinnawi, M. M.; Abo
Elnaga, S. A.; El Shimi, S. A. Proc-ind-waste-conf.
(46): p.727-739. (1992)
Meeting held May 14-16, 1991, West Lafayette, Indiana.
Descriptors: composting; methane production; biogas;
anaerobic digestion; biological treatment; crop residues; maize
silage; cattle manure; refuse
17.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Anaerobic gasification advances.
Skajaa, J.; Hannibal, E. Biocycle. v.32(10): p.74-77.
(1991 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: biogas; anaerobic conditions; composting;
gasification; bioenergy; agricultural wastes; industrial wastes;
refuse; biomass; fertilizers; ownership; denmark
18.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Analyzing contaminants in the organic waste
stream.
McEvoy, M. Biocycle. v.34(5): p.71-72. (1993 May)
Descriptors: organic fertilizers; composts;
contaminants; heavy metals; organochlorine pesticides; polycyclic
hydrocarbons; antibiotics; animal manures; seafoods; food
wastes; washington
19.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.N3C66
Animal waste management for the horseowner.
Wheeler, G.; Cirelli, A. Jr. Fact-sheet-Max-C-Fleischmann-
Coll-Agric,-Coop-Ext-Serv. [Reno, Nev.: The College]. #95-
11, 4p. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: horses; horse manure; waste disposal;
suburban areas; composting; odor abatement; dust control;
application to land; nutrient content
20.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.B563A47
Application of a pO2-auxostat as a model in thermophilic
composting of manure at low partial pressures of oxygen.
Pel, R.; Gottschal, J. C.; Zwart, K. B. Agricultural
biotechnology in focus in the Netherlands / J.J. Dekkers, H.C.
van der Plas & D.H. Vuijk (eds.). [Wageningen, Netherlands:
Pudoc]. p.243-249. (1990)
Includes references.
Descriptors: manures; composting; thermophilic
microorganisms; aerobes; anaerobes; bioreactors; oxygen
consumption; biotechnology
21.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Application of natural zeolites for the reduction of
ammonia emissions during the composting of organic wastes in a
laboratory composting simulator.
Bernal, M. P.; Lopez Real, J. M.; Scott, K. M. Bioresource-
technol. v.43(1): p.35-39. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; straw; pig slurry; mixtures;
ammonia; emission; nitrogen; losses; zeolites; adsorbents
22.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Aspergillus in compost: Straw man or fatal law.
Haines, J. Biocycle. v.36(4): p.32-35. (1995 Apr.)
Descriptors: composting; aspergillus; health hazards
23.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
An assessment of composting in cloth bags without
enforced aeration.
Yu, J. C.; Lau, A. K.; Liao, P. H.; Lo, K. V. Bioresource-
technol. v.37(1): p.103-106. (1991)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; bags; cattle manure; peat;
mosses; chopping; paper; mixtures; temperature; weight; ph;
moisture content; carbon nitrogen ratio; monitoring; weight
losses; enclosed composting
24.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Bavarian on-farm composting.
Brinton, R. B.; Brinton, W. F. Jr. Biocycle. v.35(6):
p.47-49. (1994 June)
Descriptors: yards; wastes; food wastes; composting;
waste utilization; on-farm processing; germany
25.
NAL Call No.: 47.8 Am33P
Biodegradability and microbial activities during
composting of poultry litter.
Atkinson, C. F.; Jones, D. D.; Gauthier, J. J. Poultry-
sci. v.75(5): p.608-617. (1996 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: poultry manure; composting; microbial
degradation; sawdust; nitrogen content; fiber content; volatile
compounds; indoles; plate count; decay fungi; temperature; carbon
dioxide; microbial activities; 4,4-diamidino 2-phenylindole
Abstract: Poultry litter is composted to reduce odor
and pathogens and to improve its quality as a soil amendment.
Organic material, e.g., sawdust, is added to increase the C:N
ratio to achieve optimum degradation of organic C and retention
of N through microbial biomass formation. However, the relative
biodegradabilities of the organic material in poultry litter and
the amendment are usually not known. Furthermore, it is assumed
that as microorganisms metabolize organic compounds and produce
CO2, they increase in biomass and, therefore, retain N. In this
study, bench-scale compost reactors were used to determine the
relative contributions of poultry litter and of the amendment
(sawdust) to the biodegradability of a compost mix.
Approximately 29% of the volatiles lost from the poultry litter
mix came from the sawdust. Fiber analyses revealed that only a
small portion of cellulose was degraded. Although microbial
subpopulations able to degrade selected macromolecules were
present at varying levels, the overall level of microorganisms
did not change markedly. Populations capable of degrading
bacterial cell walls were present throughout the composting
period, and microbiological assays indicated that inorganic
nutrients were available to support limited microbial growth.
These results suggest that N compounds and inorganic nutrients
are recycled, rather than fixed during composting.
26.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Biodegradation of paddy straw with cellulolytic fungi and
its application on wheat crop.
Kanotra, S.; Mathur, R. S. Bioresour-technol. v. 47(2):
p.185-188. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: rice straw; biodegradation; cellulolytic
microorganisms; fungi; composting; triticum aestivum; crop yield;
india
27.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.B563A47
Biotechnological aspects of manure and manure cake
composting.
Zwart, K. B. Agricultural biotechnology in focus in the
Netherlands / J.J. Dekkers, H.C. van der Plas & D.H. Vuijk
(eds.). [Wageningen, Netherlands: Pudoc]. p. 240-242.
(1990)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; animal manures; animal wastes;
waste treatment; biotechnology; ammonia; emission; air pollution
28.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Blending composts with fertilizers.
Biocycle. v.34(2): p.71. (1993 Feb.)
Descriptors: triticum aestivum; nitrogen; sugarcane
bagasse; composts; fertilizers; jute; agricultural wastes; usa;
pakistan
29.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
By George! composting at Mount Vernon.
Arner, R. Biocycle. v.36(12): p.79-80. (1995 Dec.)
Descriptors: composting; animal manures; waste
utilization; history; virginia
30.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
California egg ranch solves manure problem.
Buchanan, M.; Fulford, B. Biocycle. v.33(3): p.56-57.
(1992 Mar.)
Descriptors: poultry manure; composting; waste
treatment; recycling; california; santa cruz, california
31.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Challenges of on-farm composting.
Oshins, C.; Fiorina, L. Biocycle. v.34(11): p.72-73.
(1993 Nov.)
Descriptors: composting; on-farm processing; regional
surveys; pennsylvania
32.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Change in N fractions during composting of wheat
straw.
Bannick, C. G.; Joergensen, R. G. Biol-fertil-soils.
v.16(4): p.269-274. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: wheat straw; composting; nitrogen; amino
acids; amino sugars; composts; decomposition
33.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Changes during processing in the organic matter of
composted and air-dried poultry manure.
Mondini, C.; Chiumenti, R.; Da Borso, F.; Leita, L.; De Nobili,
M. Bioresour-technol. v.55(3): p.243-249. (1996 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: poultry manure; composting; air drying;
organic matter; carbon; nitrogen; carbon-nitrogen ratio;
humification; nutrient content
Abstract: Composting and active drying are the main
techniques employed to prevent losses of NH3 and development of
undesirable odours from poultry manure. We studied the effects
of these treatments on C and N content and stabilization of
organic matter. Carbon and N contents of composted poultry
manure (CPM) at the end of the processes were 82.9 and 56.1%,
respectively, of the initial material, whereas the C content of
dried poultry manure (DPM) remained practically the same, while
the N content slightly increased with time. Nitrogen content of
DPM at the end of the process was about three times higher than
that of CPM (55.1 and 19.2 mg/g, respectively). The humification
index (HI) showed a decreasing trend in both products,
indicating the formation of humic substances in both processes,
although to different extents: even at 20 days CPM showed HI
values typical of a well-matured material (0.50), whereas HI for
DPM at the end of the process was 1.14, indicating that this
material did not achieve stabilization. Application of
electrofocusing (EF) to characterize the qualitative evolution of
humic substances showed a more complex EF profile in the case of
CPM and confirmed the higher stabilization of OM in the composted
material. CPM could be useful as a soil amendment because of its
high degree of stabilization, whereas DPM can be considered
mainly as an organic fertilizer, because of its high content of
N. If DPM was piled for a long period its OM could achieve a high
degree of humification, so increasing the agronomic quality of
this fertilizer.
34.
NAL Call No.: QR100.M5
Changes in functional abilities of the microbial
community during composting of manure.
Insam, H.; Amor, K.; Renner, M.; Crepaz, C. Microb-ecol.
v.31(1): p.77-87. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cattle manure; composting; turning;
frequency; microbial flora; biomass production; respiration;
maturity; compost maturity
Abstract: The objective of this study was (a) to detect
changes of the functional abilities of the microflora during
composting of manure as a result of windrow turning frequency
and (b) to detect differences between distinct zones within the
windrows. Biolog GN microtiter plates containing 95 different
carbon sources were inoculated with diluted suspensions of
compost material containing 15,000 microorganisms per well (120
microliter). We found a dramatic shift in functional microbial
community structure during the 8-week composting process. The
shift was more rapid when the compost windrows were turned. The
substrate use pattern in the outer, well-aerated zone of the
unturned windrow was similar to that of the turned windrows.
Microbial biomass and respiration decreased more rapidly in the
turned than in the unturned windrows, indicating a different
pace of compost maturation. The data suggest that the Biolog
assay may be a suitable approach to determine compost maturity.
35.
NAL Call No.: 56.9 So3
Characterization of water extracts of two manures and
their adsorption on soils.
Liang, B. C.; Gregorich, E. G.; Schnitzer, M.; Schulten, H. R.
Soil-sci-soc-am-j. [Madison, Wis. Soil Science Society of
America]. v.60(6): p.1758-1763. (1996 Nov.-1996 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cattle manure; composts; comparisons;
extracts; characterization; chemical composition; organic matter;
adsorption; soil types textural; soil texture; clay; stockpiled
versus composted dairy manure; dissolved organic carbon
Abstract: To uncover possible chemical differences
between stockpiled and composted dairy manures, water extracts of
these manures were analyzed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR) and by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-
FIMS). Judging from the 13C NMR, which took into consideration
all of the organic C present, aliphatic and aromatic C in the
composted and stockpiled manure extracts were similar but the
composted manure extract appeared to be richer in protein C,
phenolic C, and carboxylic C and poorer in carbohydrate C than
the stockpiled manure extract. Major components of the extract of
the stockpiled manure extract determined by Py-FIMS, which
measured only volatile organics, were N compounds > phenols +
monolignins > carbohydrates > alkylaromatics > peptides
= lipids > lignin dimers > sterols > fatty acids >
suberins. On the other hand, the quantitative order of organic
components of the composted manure extract was phenols +
monolignins > N compounds > carbohydrates > peptides
> alkylaromatics > lipids > fatty acids > sterols =
lignin dimers > suberins. The relatively low total ion
intensity of the water extract of the composted manure and its
greater aromaticity suggested that composting increased
polymerizathin and cross-linking and so led to the formation of
larger molecules. Water-soluble organic C (DOC) extracted from
the manures was used to study adsorption isotherms on soils
varying in clay content from 3 to 54%. The adsorption of the DOC
by the soils increased as the clay and organic matter contents
and the surface areas of the soils increased. Increased
adsorption of the DOC extracted from the composted manure
appeared to be due to increased molecular weights.
36.
NAL Call No.: QH541.5.D4J6
Chemical, physico-chemical and microbiological
examination of town refuse compost and chicken manure as organic
fertilizers.
El Nadi, A. H.; Rabie, R. K.; Abdel Magid, H. M.; Sabrah, R. E.
A.; Abdel Aal, S. I. J-arid-environ. v.30(1): p.107-113.
(1995 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: refuse compost; poultry manure; mineral
content; nutrient content; chemical composition; water holding
capacity; bacteria; fungi
37.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.O74
China's changing garden.
Rodale, R. Org-gard. v.37(9): p.23-24, 26. ill. (1990
Dec.)
Descriptors: gardens; composting; organic culture;
organic farming; china
38.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
Co-composted poultry mortalities and poultry litter:
composition and potential value as a fertilizer.
Cummins, C. G.; Wood, C. W.; Delaney, D. P. J-sustain-
agric. v.4(1): p.7-19. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composts; poultry manure; poultry;
carcasses; carcass disposal; waste utilization; chemical
properties; chemical composition; composting; surveys; alabama
39.
NAL Call No.: S1.N32
Co-composting works: but can you make it pay.
Shirley, C. New-farm. v.14(2): p.47. (1992 Feb.)
Descriptors: composting; animal manures; municipal
refuse disposal; cooperation; farmers; pennsylvania; the farm co-
compost project
40.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Combining legumes and compost: a viable alternative for
farmers in conversion to organic agriculture.
Astier, M.; Gersper, P. L.; Buchanan, M. Compost-sci-
util. v.2(1): p.80-87. (1994 Winter)
Includes references.
Descriptors: brassica oleracea var. italica; organic
farming; conversion; poultry manure; legumes; composts; ammonium
sulfate; crop yield; california
41.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A55 1995
Commercial and on-farm production and marketing of animal
waste compost products.
Carr, L.; Grover, R.; Smith, B.; Richard, T.; Halbach, T.
Animal waste and the land-water interface [Boca Raton: Lewis
Publishers]. p.485-492. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: animal wastes; composting; techniques;
composts; quality; marketing
42.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Comparative effects of peat and sawdust employed as
bulking agents in composting.
Martin, A. M.; Evans, J.; Porter, D.; Patel, T. R.
Bioresource-technol. v.44(1): p.65-69. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: fish scrap; poultry manure; crab waste;
composting; peat; sawdust; bulking agents; canada
43.
NAL Call No.: 290.9 Am32T
Comparison between the nitrogen fluxes from composting
farm wastes and composting yard wastes.
Ballestero, T. P.; Douglas, E. M. Trans-ASAE. v.39(5):
p.1709-1715. (1996 Sept.-1996 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: agricultural wastes; litter plant;
composting; composts; nitrogen; movement in soil; comparisons;
groundwater; water quality; nitrate nitrogen; ammonium nitrogen;
nitrous oxide; water content; forest soils; clearcutting; bulk
density; transport processes
Abstract: A nitrogen transport and mass-balance study
was performed at a large-scale composting facility in order to
evaluate the impact of such facilities on groundwater quality.
In the soil zone, soil moisture NO3-N concentrations in excess of
100 mg/L were consistently observed at depths as great as 1.5 m
below a farm waste windrow, and reached levels as high as 900
mg/L by the end of the composting process. There was a strong
inverse relationship between NH4-N changes in the farm waste and
NO3-N changes in the soil directly below the windrow. Little
attenuation occurred as NO3-N was transported downward through
the soil. NO3-N in soil moisture 1.5 m below the yard waste
remained at ambient levels for much of the two-month sampling
period. Quantified nitrogen losses during the composting process
were nearly 10 times higher in the farm waste than in the yard
waste. Of the nitrogen species sampled, dissolved NO3-N was by
far the predominant pathway for nitrogen loss from the
composting farm waste, while gaseous N2O losses predominated in
the composting yard waste. The major factors determining the
degree to which nitrogen was lost during the composting process
were waste characteristics of: the type of organic carbon
present, the percentage of inorganic nitrogen, the bulk density,
and moisture content.
44.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Comparison of chemical and microbiological methods for
the characterization of the maturity of composts from contrasting
sources.
Forster, J. C.; Zech, W.; Wurdinger, E. Biol-fertil-
soils. v.16(2): p.93-99. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: bark compost; barley straw; composts; rape
straw; refuse compost; straw disposal; wheat straw;
ammonification; arginine; enzyme activity; fulvic acids; humic
acids; immobilization; nitrogen; oxidoreductases; soil enzymes;
soil fertility
45.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Compost has key role in shift to organic
farming.
Grealy, S. Biocycle. v.38(1): p.67-68. (1997 Jan.)
Descriptors: composting; on-farm processing; organic
farming; desert soils
46.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Compost pays off in the orchard.
Farrell, M. Biocycle. v.37(10): p.40, 42. (1996 Oct.)
Descriptors: orchards; organic farming; orchard soils;
composts; on-farm processing; composting; oregon
47.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Compost pelletization eases end use in Nigeria.
John, N. M.; Adeoye, G. O.; Sridhar, M. K. C. Biocycle.
v.37(6): p.55-56. (1996 June)
Descriptors: composts; pelleting; poultry manure;
research projects; nigeria
48.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.A2C47
Composting agricultural wastes in Alabama.
Donald, J. O.; Mitchell, C. C.; Gilliam, C. H. Circ-ANR-ala-
coop-ext-serv-auburn-univ. [Auburn, Ala.: The Service].
#572, 4p. (1990 July)
In subseries: Agricultural Engineering.
Descriptors: agricultural wastes; composting; alabama
49.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.A2C47
Composting agricultural wastes in Alabama.
Donald, J. O.; Mitchell, C. C.; Gilliam, C. H. Circ-ANR.
[Auburn, Ala.: Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn
University]. #572, 4p. (1994 Oct.)
In the subseries: Agricultural Engineering.
Descriptors: agricultural wastes; composting; particle
size; moisture content; carbon-nitrogen ratio; temperature;
windrows; bins; aeration; soil amendments; fertilizers;
application rates; alabama
50.
NAL Call No.: SF5.A8 1990
Composting and land application of animal
wastes.
Harada, V. Proceedings, the 5th AAAP Animal Science Congress,
May 27-June 1, 1990, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
v.1: p.264-287. (1990)
Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan: The Organization Committee, Fifth AAAP
Animal Science Congress; includes references.
Descriptors: animal wastes; composting; waste disposal;
waste treatment; japan
51.
NAL Call No.: SF55.A78A7
Composting and land application of animal
wastes.
Harada, Y. Asian-australasian-j-anim-sci. v.5(1): p.
113-121. (1992 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: animal wastes; composting; application to
land; japan
52.
NAL Call No.: 30.98 AG8
Composting and the roots of sustainable
agriculture.
Blum, B. Agric-hist. v.66(2): p.171-188. (1992 Spring)
In the series analytic: History of Agriculture and the
Environment / edited by D.E. Bowers and D. Helms. A Special
Symposium, June 19- 22, 1991, Washington, D.C.
Descriptors: agriculture; history; composting;
sustainability; waste disposal; literature reviews; usa; europe
53.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Composting animal manure with municipal yard
trimmings.
Wetterauer, D.; Killorn, R. Biocycle. v.37(10): p.54,
56-57. (1996 Oct.)
Descriptors: composting; waste utilization; animal
manures; litter plant; yards; wastes; rural communities;
projects; iowa; cocomposting
54.
NAL Call No.: 290.9 Am32T
Composting broiler litter from two management
systems.
Henry, S. T.; White, R. K. Trans-ASAE. v.36(3): p.873-
877. (1993 May-1993 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: poultry manure; waste disposal; broilers;
composting; litter; poultry farming; south carolina; usa
Abstract: The physical and chemical properties of
litter and its compost were investigated for two broiler
management systems. Management practice one removed all litter
after each group of birds, while management practice two removed
litter after every third group of birds. Both practices had mass
reductions due to composting of approximately 25%. Management
practice two had higher concentrations (dry basis) of all
chemical constituents, except nitrogen (N) and total organic
carbon (TOC). The concentrations of chemical constituents, except
Al and TOC, increased due to composting. The litter and the
resulting compost showed significant differences for both
management practice one and two. However, the characteristics of
the compost produced from management practice one were similar to
the characteristics of the compost for management practice two.
55.
NAL Call No.: SF481.J68
Composting cage layer manure with poultry
litter.
Haque, A. K. M. A.; Vandepopuliere, J. M. J-appl-poult-
res. v.3(3): p.268-273. (1994 Fall)
Includes references.
Descriptors: poultry manure; composting; litter;
turkeys; broilers; bacterial count; escherichia coli; salmonella;
moisture content
56.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Composting dog manure in Fairbanks.
Freeborne, J. Biocycle. v.35(1): p.70-71. (1994 Jan.)
Descriptors: composting; animal manures; dogs; alaska
57.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Composting food and vegetative waste.
Jones, B. J. Biocycle. v.33(3): p.69-71. (1992 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; food wastes; organic wastes;
agricultural wastes; economic impact; farmers; businesses;
cooperation; maine
58.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Composting food waste on the farm.
Adams, N. E. Biocycle. v.34(6): p.73-75. (1993 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; food wastes; farm tests; state
government; law; cost benefit analysis; new hampshire
59.
NAL Call No.: TD172.J6
Composting gin trash reduces waste disposal and pollution
problems.
Pessarakli, M. J-environ-sci-health-part-A-environ-sci-
eng. v.25(8): p.1037-1047. (1990)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cotton gin trash; waste treatment;
composting; mixtures; poultry manure; ratios; techniques
60.
NAL Call No.: aS622.S6
Composting improves water quality.
Soil-water-conserv-u-s-dep-agric-soil-conserv-serv.
v.13(1): p.16-18. (1992 May-1992 June)
Descriptors: poultry farming; mortality; composting;
watershed management; water quality; southern states of usa
61.
NAL Call No.: TD927.N38 1994
Composting manures using various carbon sources.
Lufkin, C. S.; Kenny, M.; Loudon, T. L.; Scott, J.
Proceedings of the National Symposium on Protecting Rural
America's Water Resources: Partnerships for Pollution Solutions,
October 23- 26, 1994, Omni Shoreham Hotel, Washington, DC.
p.105-112. (1994)
National Symposium on Protecting Rural America's Water Resources:
Partnerships for Pollution Solutions. Oklahoma, City, OK: Ground
Water Protection Council; includes references.
Descriptors: cattle manure; composting; leaves; straw;
hay; sawdust; windrowing; windrowers; dairy manure
62.
NAL Call No.: DISS F1990069
The composting of farmyard manure with mineral additives
and under forced aeration and the utilization of FYM and FYM
compost in crop production = Die Kompostierung von Stallmist mit
Zuschlagstoffen und unter Zwangsbeluftung und die Verwendung von
Stallmist und Stallmistkompost im Pflanzenbau.
Ott, P. ill., 289p. Witzenhausen, Germany (1990)
Thesis (doctoral)--Universitat des Landes Hessen, 1990; includes
bibliographical references (p. 277-289); summary in German
Descriptors: farmyard manure; composting
63.
NAL Call No.: QR1.M562
Composting of goat dung with various additives for
improved fertilizer capacity.
Agamuthu, P. World-j-microbiol-biotechnol. v.10(2):
p.194-198. (1994 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: goats; animal manures; composts;
additives; pennisetum purpureum; temperature; ph; moisture
content; water holding capacity
64.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.G74 1990
Composting of poultry litter, leaves, and
newspaper.
Gresham, C. W.; Janke, R. R.; Moyer, J.; Rodale Research
Center. ill., v, 35p. "Supported by a grant from the
Pennsylvania Energy Office." (Kutztown, Pa.: Rural Urban
Office, Rodale Research Center, Rodale Institute, c1990)
Descriptors: compost; poultry manure
65.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86S8
Composting of poultry wastes: implications for dead
poultry disposal and manure management.
Sims, J. T.; Murphy, D. W.; Handwerker, T. S. J-sustain-
agric. v.2(4): p.67-82. (1992)
Includes references.
Descriptors: chickens; carcass disposal; composting;
composts; nitrogen; mineralization
66.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Composting of salmon-farm mortalities.
Liao, P. H.; Vizcarra, A. T.; Lo, K. V. Bioresour-
technol. v. 47(1): p.67-71. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: fish farms; salmon; mortality; waste
treatment; composting
67.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Composting of salmon farm mortalities with passive
aeration.
Liao, P. H.; Vizcarra, A. T.; Chen, A.; Lo, K. V. Compost-
sci-util. v.2(4): p.58-66. (1994 Autumn)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; composts; fish; aeration;
volatile fatty acids; phenol; phytotoxicity; fish composts
68.
NAL Call No.: TD172.J6
Composting of separated solid swine manure.
Liao, P. H.; Vizcarra, A. T.; Chen, A.; Lo, K. V. J-environ-
sci-health,-part-A,-environ-sci-eng. [New York, Marcel
Dekker]. v.28(9): p.1889-1901. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pig manure; composting; efficiency;
moisture content; temperature; volatile fatty acids; volatility;
odor emission; waste treatment
69.
NAL Call No.: 58.8 J82
Composting of separated solid swine wastes.
Lo, K. V.; Lau, A. K.; Liao, P. H. J-agric-eng-res.
v.54(4): p.307-317. (1993 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pig manure; solid wastes; separation;
composting; waste treatment; bulking agents; composts; quality
Abstract: The effects of various bulking agents were
examined on the efficiency of composting the fibrous solids
obtained from swine manure after a liquid/solids separation
process. The effects on the quality of the resulting composts
were also examined. The separated solids were either composted
without bulking agents, or mixed with different portions of peat
moss and/or sawdust. Aeration rates were also varied in different
experimental sets. A self-heating mode of operation was adopted.
The results indicated that the fibrous solids from a
liquid/solids separation process could be composted in small
reactors with or without the addition of bulking agents. The
composting masses reached thermophilic temperatures (45-70
degrees C) and met regulatory requirements with or without
aeration. Aeration rates of 0.04 to 0.08 1/min per kg volatile
matter and an intermittent mode of aeration are recommended for
the composting of separated swine manure. Based on measured
compost characteristics and composition, the finished composts
made from a manure/peat moss mixture had the best quality in
terms of moisture content, nitrogen content, carbon-to-nitrogen
ratio and colour of the product.
70.
NAL Call No.: 80 AC82
Composting of three kinds of residues of very different
origin.
Soliva, M.; Giro, F. Acta-hortic. (302): p.181-192.
(1992 Mar.)
In the series analytic: Compost Recycling of Wastes / edited by
C. Balis, M. De Bertoldi, G.L. Ferrero, V. Maniow, and E.
Kapetanios. Proceedings of an International Symposium, October
4-7, 1989, Athens, Greece.
Descriptors: composting; plant residues; cattle manure;
rabbit droppings; poultry droppings; spain
71.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Composting on Pennsylvania farms.
Abel, J.; Oshins, C. Biocycle. v.36(9): p.66-68. (1995
Sept.)
Descriptors: composting; on-farm processing; surveys;
pennsylvania
72.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Composting on the urban fringe.
Bye, J. Biocycle. v.32(4): p.60-62. (1991 Apr.)
Descriptors: farm enterprises; composting; waste
utilization; cattle manure; fish scrap; horse manure; organic
wastes; windrows; massachusetts; off-farm wastes
73.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C66 1990
Composting potato culls and potato processing wastes: a
feasibility study.
Woods End Research Laboratory. ill., 45p. (Woods End Research
Laboratory, Inc., Mount Vernon, Me., 1990)
Running title: Potato cull composting feasibility study.
Resources; sponsored by: Central Aroostook Soil & Water
Conservation District"--Cover.
Descriptors: compost-maine; potato waste; agricultural
wastes-maine-recycling
74.
NAL Call No.: 290.9 Am32P
A composting process design computer model.
Person, H. L.; Shayya, W. H. Pap-am-soc-agric-eng. [St.
Joseph, Mich.: American Society of Agricultural Engineers].
#934030, 15p. (1993 Summer)
Paper presented at the "1993 International Summer Meeting
sponsored by The American Society of Agricultural
Engineers," and The Canadian Society of Agricultural
Engineering," June 20-23, 1993, Spokane, Washington.
Descriptors: composting; design; computer software;
models; animal wastes; waste utilization
75.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Composting record diagnosis and prognosis.
Golueke, C.; Diaz, L. Biocycle. v.31(7): p.64, 66, 68-
69. (1990 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; agricultural wastes; waste
treatment
76.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Composting regulations stir up California
farmers.
Timmons, L. Biocycle. v.36(10): p.79-80, 82-83. (1995
Oct.)
Descriptors: composting; on-farm processing;
regulations; california
77.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Composting residential and commercial streams.
Gies, G. Biocycle. v.36(5): p.78-79. (1995 May)
Descriptors: composting; waste utilization; food
wastes; waste paper; agricultural wastes; ontario
78.
NAL Call No.: 100 Al1H
Composting sweetens smell of swine manure.
McCaskey, T.; Little, J. Highlights-agr-res. v.41(4):
p.13-14. (1994 Winter)
Descriptors: pigs; pig manure; fertilizers; odors;
composting; waste disposal; economic analysis
79.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.N7N45
Consider composting yard and agricultural
wastes.
Richard, T. News-views v.75(5): p.6-7. (1990 May)
Descriptors: composting; agricultural wastes; farm
income; waste treatment
80.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.N7A4
Considering on-farm composting? many options
open.
Richard, T. Agfocus-publ-cornell-coop-ext-orange-cty.
13p. (1991 Aug.)
Descriptors: agricultural wastes; composting; animal
wastes; animal manures
81.
NAL Call No.: S544.3.A2C47
Construction of a dead-poultry composter.
Donald, J. O.; Blake, J. P. Circ-ANR-ala-coop-ext-serv-
auburn-univ. [Auburn, Ala.: The Service]. #604, 4p. (1991
July)
In subseries: Agricultural Engineering.
Descriptors: poultry; carcass disposal; composting;
farm buildings; alabama
82.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Controlled, high rate composting of mixtures of food
residuals, yard trimmings and chicken manure.
Elwell, D. L.; Keener, H. M.; Hansen, R. C. Compost-sci-
util. v.4(1): p.6-15. (1996 Winter)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; yards; wastes; food wastes;
poultry manure; mixtures; monitoring; carbon-nitrogen ratio; dry
matter; losses; aeration; temperature; air flow; oxygen;
consumption; moisture content; carbon dioxide; emission; ammonia;
gas production
83.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Controlling ammonia emission at composting
plants.
Bonazzi, G.; Valli, L.; Piccinini, S. Biocycle.
v.31(6): p.68-71. (1990 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: poultry manure; composting;
biodegradation; temperature; ph; moisture content; ammonia;
vaporization; italy
84.
NAL Call No.: 290.9 AM32P
Conversion of potato harvesting machinery to invert
compost windrows of food and agricultural waste.
Whitney, L. F.; Rynk, R. E.; Grant, R. J. Pap-amer-soc-agric-
eng. [St. Joseph, Mich.: The Society]. #90-6563, 12p. (1990
Winter)
Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter
Meeeting", December 18-21, 1990, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: solanum tuberosum; agricultural wastes;
composting; farm machinery; mechanization
85.
NAL Call No.: 100 M69MI
Cookbook for poultry litter may solve industry
problems.
Broadway, R. MAFES-res-highlights-miss-agric-for-exp-
stn. v.54(12): p.7. (1991 Dec.)
Descriptors: poultry manure; composting; waste
disposal; mississippi
86.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Dairy farmers shift to composting.
Rynk, R. Biocycle. v.35(4): p.58-59. (1994 Apr.)
Descriptors: composting; cattle manure; dairy farms;
on-farm processing; surveys; usa; canada
87.
NAL Call No.: 47.8 Am33P
Degradation of aflatoxin by poultry litter.
Jones, F. T.; Wineland, M. J.; Parsons, J. T.; Hagler, W. M. Jr.
Poultry-sci. v.75(1): p.52-58. (1996 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: maize; poultry manure; aflatoxins;
microbial degradation; detoxification; composting; temperature;
moisture content; ammonia
Abstract: Two trials were conducted to determine
whether deep stacking of contaminated corn with poultry litter
destroys aflatoxin. Contaminated corn was ground and mixed with
litter to carbon:nitrogen ratios of 30:1. Moistures were adjusted
by adding tap water just prior to incubation or stacking. The
initial laboratory trial included only broiler litter at 40%
moisture, whereas the subsequent field trial involved a 2 X 2
factorial design with litter type (turkey or broiler) and
moisture (20 or 40%) as main effects. Aflatoxin assays were
reduced in the laboratory trial from 433 and 402 to 54 and 8 ppb
in Containers 1 and 2, respectively, after 35 d of incubation at
28 C. In the field trial, aflatoxin disappeared from broiler and
turkey litter mixtures with projected moistures of 20% after 10
and 6 wk of storage, respectively, whereas disappearance in
mixtures containing projected moistures of 40% required 5 and 3
wk, respectively. Differences in moisture appear to account for
differences in the ability of turkey and broiler litter to
detoxify aflatoxin. Hence, turkey and broiler litter would appear
equal with respect to the ability to detoxify aflatoxin-
contaminated corn. Disappearance of aflatoxin during storage with
litter could have occurred as a result of ammonia release during
storage or microbial detoxification mechanisms. However, nitrogen
values suggest that microbial action was responsible for much of
the detoxification, as aflatoxin disappeared from mixtures with
little apparent ammonia release.
88.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Denitrification losses of N from fresh and composted
manures.
Mahimairaja, S.; Bolan, N. S.; Hedley, M. J. Soil-biol-
biochem. v.27(9): p.1223-1225. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: animal manures; composts; denitrification;
nitrogen; losses; composting; wood chips; sulfur; wheat straw;
zeolites; fresh manures; biological denitrification
89.
NAL Call No.: SB249.N6
The derived demand for poultry litter and poultry litter
compost in delta cotton production.
Danforth, D.; Cochran, M. J.; Miller, D. Proc-beltwide-
cotton-conf. p.475-477. (1993)
Meeting held January 10-14, 1993, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Descriptors: cotton; crop production; poultry manure;
demand
90.
NAL Call No.: 290.9 Am32P
Design parameters for in-vessel poultry manure
composting.
Keener, H. M.; Marugg, C.; Hoitink, H. A. J.; Hansen, R. C.
Pap-am-soc-agric-eng. [St. Joseph, Mich.: American Society of
Agricultural Engineers]. #914001, 18p. (1991 Summer)
Paper presented at the "1991 International Summer Meeting
sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural
Engineers," June 23-26, 1991, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Descriptors: poultry manure; composting; systems;
environmental protection; models
91.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Determination of compost biomaturity. II. Optical density
of water extracts of composts as a reflection of their
maturity.
Mathur, S. P.; Dinel, H.; Owen, G.; Schnitzer, M.; Dugan, J.
Biol-agric-hortic. v.10(2): p.87-108. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composts; maturation; stability;
determination; colorimetry; absorbance; wavelengths; extracts;
solubility; organic matter; carbon; biochemical oxygen demand;
ammonium nitrogen; nitrate nitrogen; nitrogen content; ash;
moisture content; environmental temperature; aerobiosis; oxygen;
ammonia; hydrogen sulfide; lepidium sativum; seed germination;
composting; humification; farmyard manure; waste paper;
dissolved organic carbon; biostability
92.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Determination of compost biomaturity. III. Evaluation of
a colorimetric test by 13C-NMR spectroscopy and pyrolysis-field
ionization mass spectrometry.
Schnitzer, M.; Dinel, H.; Mathur, S. P.; Schulten, H. R.; Owen,
G. Biol-agric-hortic. v.10(2): p.109-123. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composts; maturation; stability;
determination; evaluation; colorimetry; extracts; spectral
analysis; carbon; organic compounds; structure; aromaticcompounds; heterocyclic nitrogen compounds; humification;
composting; farmyard manure; waste paper; mass spectrometry;
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; biostability; humic
substances; aliphatic compounds
93.
NAL Call No.: 290.9 Am32P
Development of a composting recipe for swine
manure.
Collins, E. R. Jr.; Parson, S. C. Pap-am-soc-agric-eng. [St.
Joseph, Mich.: American Society of Agricultural Engineers].
#934033, 29p. (1993 Summer)
Paper presented at the "1993 International Summer Meeting
sponsored by The American Society of Agricultural
Engineers," and The Canadian Society of Agricultural
Engineering," June 20-23, 1993, Spokane, Washington.
Descriptors: pig manure; composting; recipes;
performance
94.
NAL Call No.: SF395.P62
Disposing of dead swine.
Murphy, D. W.; Estienne, M. J.; Dobbins, C. N.; Foster, K. A.
Pork industry handbook .[West Lafayette, Ind.: Cooperative
Extension Service, Purdue University]. (PIH-133): p.4 (1995
June)
Management, PIH-133, June 1995.
Descriptors: pigs; carcass disposal; pig farming;
composting; fermentation; lactobacillus
95.
NAL Call No.: S631.F422
Dissolution of phosphate rock during the composting of
poultry manure: an incubation experiment.
Mahimairaja, S.; Bolan, N. S.; Hedley, M. J. Fertil-res.
v.40(2): p.93-104. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; poultry manure; rock
phosphate; mixtures; phosphorus; solubility; determination;
amendments; calcium; sulfur; ph; composts; ammonium nitrogen;
nitrate nitrogen; nitrogen content
Abstract: Dissolution of phosphate rocks (PRs) during
composting with poultry manure was examined using a radioactive
32p labelled synthetic francolite and North Carolina phosphate
rock (NCPR) through laboratory incubation experiments. Francolite
or NCPR was mixed with different poultry manure composts at a
rate equivalent to 5 mg P g-1 and the dissolution was measured
after 60 and 120 days incubation by a sequential phosphorus (P)
fractionation procedure. The use of 32p labelled francolite
showed that in manure systems, PR dissolution can be measured
more accurately from the increases in NaOH extractable P
(deltaNaOH-P) than from the decreases in HCl extractable P
(deltaHCl-P) in the PR treated manure over the control. The
dissolution measurements showed that approximately 8 to 20% of
francolite and 27% of NCPR dissolved during incubation with
poultry manure composts in the presence of various amendments.
Addition of elemental sulphur (S degrees) to the compost
enhanced the dissolution of PRs. The results provide no evidence
for the beneficial effect of protons (H+), produced during the
nitrification of NH4+ in manure composts, on PR dissolution. The
low level of dissolution of PR in poultry manure composts was
attributed mainly to the high concentration (4.8 X 10(-2) mol L-
1) of calcium (Ca2+) in manure solution.
96.
NAL Call No.: S441.S855
Ecological management of potato cropping
systems.
Porter, G. A. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education
SARE research projects Northeast Region. 12p. (1995)
SARE Project Number: LNE93-36/ANE93-18. Record includes floppy
disk. Date of report is December 1995. Record includes several
attachments about the project.
Descriptors: solanum tuberosum; leptinotarsa
decemlineata; perillus bioculatus; coleomegilla maculata;
bacillus thuringiensis; beauveria bassiana; green manures;
composts; cattle manure; soil physical properties; nitrate
nitrogen; leaching; growth; plant water relations; crop yield;
low input agriculture; maine
97.
NAL Call No.: S89.E2
An economic analysis of on-farm food waste
composting.
Cook, T. E.; Halstead, J. M.; Sciabarrasi, M. R.; Estes, G. O.
Res-rep-nh-agric-exp-stn. [Durham, N.H.: New Hampshire
Agricultural Experiment Station]. #129, 22p. (1994 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: food wastes; composting; farms; composts;
waste paper; economic analysis; estimated costs; new hampshire
98.
NAL Call No.: HD1401.S73 no.93 7
An economic comparison of composted manure and commercial
nitrogen with imperfect information.
Berends, P. T. 17p. (Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Kansas
State University, Manhattan, Kan., 1993)
"January 1993."
Descriptors: comparisons; economic analysis
99.
NAL Call No.: HD1773.A2N6
The economic feasibility of poultry litter composting
facilities in Eastern West Virginia.
Fritsch, D. A.; Collins, A. R. Agric-resour-econ-rev.
v.22(2): p.199-209. (1993 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: poultry manure; composting; economic
viability; feasibility; waste disposal; fees; location of
production; west virginia; off-farm composting
100.
NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
Economic feasibility of using composted manure on
irrigated grain sorghum.
Williams, J. R.; Diebel, P. L.; Berends, P. T.; Schlegel, A. J.
J-prod-agric. v.7(3): p.323-327. (1994 July-1994 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sorghum bicolor; irrigated stands; animal
manures; composts; nitrogen fertilizers; application rates; crop
yield; economic analysis; feasibility; costs; returns; kansas
101.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Effect of different organic manures and garden waste
compost on the nitrate dynamics in soil, N uptake and yield of
winter wheat.
Berner, A.; Scherrer, D.; Niggli, U. Biol-agric-hortic.
v.11(1/4): p.289-300. (1995)
Paper presented at a workshop on Nitrate Leaching in Ecological
Agriculture held October 1993, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Descriptors: triticum aestivum; winter wheat; farmyard
manure; composts; slurries; nitrogen; nutrient sources; npk
fertilizers; top dressings; mineralization; nutrient
availability; nutrient uptake; crop growth stage; nitrogen
content; soil water; crop yield; grain; dry matter accumulation;
wheat straw; growth rate; switzerland; organic versus inorganic
fertilizers
102.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Effect of lignite humic acid treatment on the rate of
decomposition of wheat straw.
Whiteley, G. M.; Pettit, C. Biol-fertil-soils. v.17(1):
p.18-20. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: wheat straw; decomposition; humic acids;
lignite; composts; composting
103.
NAL Call No.: 80 Ac82
The effect of manure composted with drum composter on
aromatic plants.
Aflatuni, A. Acta-hortic. (344): p.63-68. (1993 Nov.)
Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants," March 22-25, 1993, Tiberias, Israel.
Descriptors: culinary herbs; medicinal plants;
composts; cattle manure; dry matter; crop yield; essential oils;
greenhouse culture; finland
104.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Effect of straw composting on the degradation and
stabilization of chlorophenols in soil.
Benoit, P.; Barriuso, E. Compost-sci-util. v.3(3): p.31-
37. (1995 Summer)
Paper presented at the symposium on the Biogeochemistry of
Compost held August 1994 as part of the 36th Rocky Mountain
Conference.
Descriptors: polluted soils; 2,4-dichlorophenol;
chlorinated hydrocarbons; pesticide residues; immobilization;
soil organic matter; wheat straw; humification; composts;
biodegradation; transformation; soil flora; biological activity
in soil; 4 chlorophenol; biological transformation
105.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Effective cation exchange capacity of manure compost of
varying maturity stages determined by the saturation-displacement
method.
Saharinen, M. H.; Vuorinen, A. H.; Hostikka, M. Commun-soil-
sci-plant-anal. v.27(15/17): p.2917-2923. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composts; quality; composting; cation
exchange capacity; determination; test procedure; cation
saturation; displacement; compost maturity
Abstract: The effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC)
of manure composts, at the start and during the composting
process, were determined. During this study we developed a new
saturation-displacement principle based method for compost
samples. It was clearly demonstrated that ECEC of manure
compost, as analyzed from three successive composting series,
profoundly increased as compost matured. In addition, the ECEC
values were highly repeatable, due to the proper mixing of the
matrix with the saturation, washing, and displacement solutions,
as well as to the preventing of any matrix losses with the
separation of the matrix from those solutions with careful
centrifugation-filtration procedure.
106.
NAL Call No.: QH545.A1E52
Effects of composting on phytotoxicity of spent pig-
manure sawdust litter.
Tiquia, S. M.; Tam, N. F. Y.; Hodgkiss, I. J. Environ-
pollut. v.93(3): p.249-256. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pig manure; composting; moisture content;
phytotoxicity; brassica alboglabra; brassica parachinensis;
allium sativum; cucumis sativus; amaranthus; lycopersicon
esculentum; amaranthus espinosus
107.
NAL Call No.: TD172.A7
Effects of fertilizer on insecticides adsorption and
biodegradation in crop soils.
Rouchard, J.; Thirion, A.; Wauters, A.; Steene, F. v. de.;
Benoit, F.; Ceustermans, N.; Gillet, J.; Marchand, S.; Vanparys,
L. Arch-environ-contam-toxicol. v.31(1): p.98-106. (1996
July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cattle manure; pig slurry; green manures;
crop residues; composts; aldicarb; thiofanox; insecticides;
adsorption; persistence; half life; soil organic matter; beta
vulgaris; beta vulgaris var. saccharifera; belgium; imidacloprid
108.
NAL Call No.: 80 AC82
Elimination of cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus
by composting infected cucumber residues.
Avgelis, A. D.; Manios, V. I. Acta-hortic. (302): p.311-
314. (1992 Mar.)
In the series analytic: Compost Recycling of Wastes / edited by
C. Balis, M. De Bertoldi, G.L. Ferrero, V. Maniow, and E.
Kapetanios. Proceedings of an International Symposium, October
4-7, 1989, Athens, Greece.
Descriptors: cucumis sativus; plants; infections;
cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus; plant residues;
composting; disease control; greece
109.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Emissions of malodorous compounds and greenhouse gases
from composting swine feces.
Kuroda, K.; Osada, T.; Yonaga, M.; Kanematu, A.; Nitta, T.;
Mouri, S.; Kojima, T. Bioresour-technol. v.56(2/3):
p.265-271. (1996 May-1996 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pig manure; composting; aeration; odor
emission; methane; nitrous oxide; ammonia; thiols; methyl
sulfide; hydrogen sulfide; sulfur; processing losses; sulfur
compounds; dimethyl disulfide; methylmercaptan; nitrogen losses
Abstract: Emissions of harmful gases, malodorous
compounds and greenhouse gases emitted during composting of swine
feces under continuous aeration were studied using a laboratory-
scale composting apparatus. Concentrations of ammonia and sulfur
compounds in the exhaust gas rose remarkably after starting and
at every turning, and their changes reflected the odor
concentrations calculated from sensory tests. Volatile fatty
acids, in high concentrations at the start, were rapidly reduced
within several hours from starting and did not rise again.
Methane emission was observed within only 1 day from starting.
Nitrous oxide repeatedly rose and fell after every turning, as
did ammonia. From the viewpoint of nitrogen loss during
composting, however, the total amount of nitrous oxide emission
seemed quite small compared with that of ammonia.
110.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Evaluation of parameters related to chemical and
agrobiological qualities of wheat-straw composts including
different additives.
Blanco, M. J.; Almendros, G. Bioresour-technol.
v.51(2/3): p.125-134. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composts; wheat straw; maturity;
additives; organic matter; phytotoxicity; lepidium sativum;
bioassays; seed germination; crop yield; lolium rigidum; organic
additives; mineral additives.
Abstract: The chemical and agrobiological
characteristics of 37 composts from wheat straw with different
additives were evaluated through routine tests. In general, the
plant yield under greenhouse conditions in soils amended with
these composts was unrelated to data from the phytotoxicity
germination biotest, but with the chemical parameters reflecting
selective biopolymer degradation in straw. This suggests that
factors such as microbial immobilization of nutrients had
greater influence than phytotoxic inhibitor compounds in the
plant yield of the soils amended with the composts studied.
Monitoring the composition of the water-soluble fraction was also
useful as regards crop yield of soils improved with compost. The
factors potentially connected with the positive or depressive
effect of composts in soil were assessed through factorial design
experiments involving successive harvesting, calcium carbonates
and mineral fertilization. In general, mineral fertilization may
lead to decreased yields in soils to which immature composts are
applied. The effects on compost maturity of the different by-
products used as additives are discussed for the system studied.
111.
NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7
The evaluation of sawdust swine waste compost on the soil
ecosystem, pollution and vegetable production.
Kao, M. M. Water-sci-technol-j-int-assoc-water-pollut-res-
control. v.27(1): p.123-131. (1993)
In the series analytic: Appropriate Waste Management Technologies
/ edited by G. Ho and K. Mathew. Proceedings of the International
Conference, held November 27-28, 1991, Perth, Australia.
Descriptors: composts; pig slurry; sawdust; mixtures;
soil pollution; zinc; copper; brassica pekinensis; crop yield;
taiwan
112.
NAL Call No.: TD172.J6
Evaluation of swine waste composting in vertical
reactors.
Lau, A. K.; Liao, P. H.; Lo, K. V. J-Environ-sci-health-part-
a-environ-sci-eng. v.A28(4): p.761-777. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pig manure; pig slurry; composting; waste
treatment; moisture content; height; temperature; particle size
distribution; shrinkage; compaction; statis pile system
113.
NAL Call No.: 58.8 J82
Evaluation of the maturity of compost made from salmon
farm mortalities.
Liao, P. H.; Chen, A.; Vizcarra, A. T.; Lo, K. V. J-agric-
eng-res v.58(4): p.217-222. (1994 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composts; maturity; indicators; organic
acids; phenols; concentration; storage; duration; moisture
content; ph; composting; salmon; salmon culture; waste treatment;
carbon-nitrogen ratio
114.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Evaluation of the stabilization level of pig organic
waste: influence of humic-like compounds.
Govi, M.; Ciavatta, C.; Sitti, L.; Gessa, C. Commun-soil-sci-
plant-anal. v.26(3/4): p.425-439. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pig slurry; sludges; pig manure; straw;
composting; composts; maturation; decomposition; humification;
humic acids; fulvic acids; organic matter; isoelectric focusing;
degradation; degree of humification
115.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Expanding markets for composted products.
Conrad, P. Biocycle. v.35(11): p.63-65. (1994 Nov.)
Descriptors: composts; dairy wastes; cattle manure;
marketing; ancillary enterprises
116.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Expanding uses for poultry litter.
Collins, A. R.; Fritsch, D. A.; Diener, R. Biocycle.
v.34(1): p.64-67. (1993 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: poultry manure; waste disposal; waste
treatment; cattle feeding; soil amendments; composting; cost
benefit analysis; transport costs; water pollution; state
government; west virginia
117.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Farm composters play significant management
role.
Kamp, M. v. d. Biocycle. v.33(11): p.67-69. (1992 Nov.)
Descriptors: composting; on-farm processing; composts;
uses; massachusetts
118.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Farm composting project explores key areas.
Biocycle. v.32(7): p.38-40. (1991 July)
Descriptors: composting; food wastes; waste paper;
recycling; research projects; farmers; maine; pittston, maine;
commercial composting
119.
NAL Call No.: S661.F37 1995
Farm scale composting. Biocycle. ill.(some
col.), 80p. (JG Press, Emmaus, Pa., 1995)
Cover title.
Descriptors: compost management; compost economic
aspects
120.
NAL Call No.: SF481.2.F56
Farm structures for manure storage and composting
mortality.
Ouart, M. D.; Bucklin, R. A.; Douglas, C. R. Proc-fla-poult-
inst. (501): p.18-24. (1992)
Meeting held Oct 13-14, 1992, Gainesville, Florida.
Descriptors: farm storage; farm buildings; poultry
manure; carcasses; composting; carcass disposal; broilers
121.
NAL Call No.: S441.S855
Farmer-to-farmer compost exchange.
Conkling, D. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education
SARE or Agriculture in Concert with the Environment ACE research
projects. 32p. (1992)
SARE Project Number: ANE92.10. Record includes 3 1/2 floppy disk.
Includes Appendices.
Descriptors: composts; leaves; animal wastes; dairy
farms; low-input agriculture; sustainability; connecticut;
sustainable farm practices
122.
NAL Call No.: S661.N55 1994
A farmers' guide to Maryland compost
regulations.
Nilsson, J.; Strahl, S. D.; Pickering Creek Environmental
Center. iii, 12p. (Pickering Creek Environmental Center, Easton,
Md., 1994)
Includes bibliographical references (p. 11-12).
Descriptors: compost-maryland; agricultural wastes-
environmental aspects-maryland; nonpoint source pollution-
maryland-prevention
123.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.D74 1990
Feasibility of on-farm composting.
Dreyfus, D. iii, 31p. (Rural Urban Office, Rodale Research
Center, Rodale Institute, Kutztown, PA , 1990)
"Supported by a grant from the Pennsylvania Energy
Office."
Descriptors: compost-pennsylvania-berks county;
compost-pennsylvania-lancaster county; agricultural wastes-
recycling; recycling waste, etc. pennsylvania berks county;
recycling waste, etc. pennsylvania lancaster county
124.
NAL Call No.: S661.F56 1993
Final report: on-farm composting of grass straw.
Hashimoto, A. G.; Oregon State University. ill., 23 leaves..
(Oregon State University, Corvallis, Ore., 1993)
Other title: On-farm composting of grass straw;
"Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service."
Descriptors: compost; straw as fertilizer
125.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
A five year study on nitrate leaching under crops
fertilised with mineral and organic fertilisers in
lysimeters.
Leclerc, B.; Georges, P.; Cauwel, B.; Lairon, D. Biol-agric-
hortic. v.11(1/4): p.301-308. (1995)
Paper presented at a workshop on Nitrate Leaching in Ecological
Agriculture held October 1993, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Descriptors: crops; rotations; organic fertilizers;
composts; npk fertilizers; nutrient sources; nitrogen; losses
from soil; leaching; nutrient uptake; soil fertility; france;
organic versus inorganic fertilizers; manure compost; urban
compost; brushwood compost
126.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Food residues become community asset.
Steuteville, R. Biocycle. v.33(4): p.56-57. (1992 Apr.)
Descriptors: food wastes; animal manures; composting;
waste treatment; cooperation; wisconsin; kenosha, wisconsin; duck
litter
127.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Food waste composting facility plants recycling
seeds.
Spencer, R. Biocycle. v.32(4): p.42-44. ill. (1991 Apr.)
Descriptors: food wastes; composting; recycling;
educational programs; mixtures; wood chips; animal manures; waste
utilization; new york
128.
NAL Call No.: S494.5.S86M53 no.4
Forage based farming, manure handling and farm
composting.
Koepf, H. H. ill., 48p. (Michael Fields Agricultural Institute,
East Troy, Wis., 1993)
"This is a compilation of the proceedings of a one day
conference held on Thursday, March 18, 1993, at Michael Fields
Agricultural Institute, Inc., in East Troy, Wisconsin."
Descriptors: forage plants-congresses; manure handling-
congresses; sustainable agriculture-congresses
129.
NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Forecasting agrobiological properties of wheat straw with
different additives--multiple regression models including
chemical parameters.
Blanco, M. J.; Almendros, G. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal.
v.26(15/16): p.2473-2484. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composts; wheat straw; quality; additives;
comparisons; stability; chemical properties; lolium rigidum;
yields; crop growth stage; compost maturity; compost quality
Abstract: The agrobiological properties of 37 composts
prepared from wheat straw with a series of organic or mineral
additives have been determined through standard chemical
analyses and greenhouse experiments with soils of different
carbonate content and in the presence, or absence of mineral
fertilization. Plant yield on soils treated with the composts was
studied in successive stages of development of rye grass (Lolium
rigidum), showing significant differences that paralleled the
values of a limited number of compost parameters. Under
greenhouse conditions and in the presence of mineral supply, the
least matured composts led to improved plant yield only in the
early harvests, decreasing thereafter which points to a behavior
typical for the microbial immobilization of the additional
nutrients. The germination (phytotoxicity) index was found
poorly correlated with the yield in the different soils, whereas
the N and lignin contents provided the most significant
information, the results suggesting no cause-to-effect
relationship in such correlations. The multiple regression models
showed significant differences as regards the system studied
when the limiting influence of nitrogen (N) was reduced through
additional fertilization. The most significant coefficients for
the plant yield were those reflecting the total mineralization
rates of the compost, the composition of the water-soluble
fraction, and the concentration of lipids whereas, when no
mineral solution was added, the yield was explained mainly by the
N content in compost and in water-soluble products. In
successive harvests, the significance level of the compost N
level tended to increase, whereas that of lipid decreased, the
former factor showing the greatest influence when carbonates are
present in the soil.
130.
NAL Call No.: S75.F87
From an unmentionable to a commodity.
DePolo, J. Futures-mich-state-univ-agric-exp-stn.
v.8(3): p.19-20. ill. (1990 Fall)
Descriptors: manures; composting; michigan
131.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Growth and cocoon production of Drawidia nepalensis
(Oligochaeta).
Kaushal, B. R.; Bisht, S. P. S. Biol-fertil-soils.
v.14(3): p.205-212. (1992)
Includes references.
Descriptors: drawida; cocoons; earthworms; growth;
incubation; laboratory rearing; nutrition; vermicomposting;
cattle manure; horse manure; soil water
132.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Growth and reproduction of the vermicomposting earthworm
Perionyx excavatus as influenced by food materials.
Manna, M. C.; Singh, M.; Kundu, S.; Tripathi, A. K.; Takkar, P.
N. Biol-fertil-soils. v.24(1): p.129-132. (1997)
Includes references.
Descriptors: vermicomposting; waste utilization;
perionyx excavatus; earthworms; farmyard manure; wheat straw;
maize stover; soy straw; straw; refuse; comparisons; food;sources; decomposition; mineralization; population dynamics;
reproduction; growth; survival; composts; quality; stability;
chemical composition; india; chickpea straw; compost maturity;
reproduction potential
Abstract: An outdoor study was undertaken using
polyethylene containers to assess the suitability of different
organic residues, soybean straw (Glycine max L. Merrill), wheat
straw (Triticum aestivum L.), maize stover (Zea mays L.),
chickpea straw (cicer arietinum L.) and city garbage, as food
for the tropical epigeic earthworm Perionyx excavatus, and to
assess the influence of this earthworm on the decomposition of
these materials. Maize stover was found to be the most suitable
of the food materials used. Population growth of P. excavatus was
enhanced by addition of these organic materials in the
temperature range 24-30 degrees C, while the population was
adversely affected above 30 degrees C in a vermiculture system.
Addition of earthworms accelerated the breakdown of residues,
which ultimately resulted in a lowering of the C:N ratio, water-
soluble carbon and carbohydrates, and increased ash percentage
and cation exchange capacity compared with their respective
controls.
133.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Handling liquids and solids on hog farms.
Haywood, F. Biocycle. v.38(3): p.55-57. (1997 Mar.)
Descriptors: composting; pig manure; waste utilization;
colorado
134.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
How a landscaper became an on-farm composter.
Segall, L. Biocycle. v.36(3): p.63-64. (1995 Mar.)
Descriptors: composting; on-farm processing; waste
utilization
135.
NAL Call No.: 56.9 SO3
Humic substances formed during the composting of organic
matter.
Inbar, Y.; Chen, Y.; Hadar, Y. Soil-sci-soc-am-j.
v.54(5): p.1316-1323. (1990 Sept.-1990 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cattle slurry; humic acids; soil organic
matter; composting
Abstract: Humic substances (HS) were extracted from
separated cattle-manure compost (CSM) at various stages of
decomposition. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR)
and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements
were performed on the purified humic acids (HA) as well as crude
fiber and chemical analyses. Levels of HS extracted from the CSM
samples doubled during the composting (from 377 to 710 g kg-1
organic matter [OM]). The HS were divided into: (i) HA, which
increased from 184 to 457 g kg-1 OM; and (ii) a fulvic fraction
(FF). The FF was separated on XAD-8 resin to: (i) fulvic acid
(FA), which maintained an unchanged level during composting (80-
100 g kg-1), and (ii) a nonhumic fraction (NHF), which increased
from 107 to 170 g kg-1 OM during the process. The ratios between
the concentrations of these fractions were tested as
humification indexes. These indexes changed significantly during
the process and were found to correlate exponentially with the
composting time, C/N ratio, or both. Quantities of low-molecular-
weight components (FF and NHF) rapidly increased during the
first 40 d of composting and were nearly constant thereafter. The
HA and HS contents reached nearly constant values after
approximately 90 d. Only slight compositional and structural
changes in CSM HA were detected with cross-polarization magic-
angle spinning (CPMAS) 13C-NMR, FTIR spectra, and chemical
analyses. The elemental composition and functional groups of CSM
RA resembled those reported for HA of plant residues, peats, and
incompletely humified materials. The CPMAS 13C-NMR spectra of the
CSM HA resembled that of lignin. The aromaticity of the HA was
about 40% and the lignin content was approximately 60%. The NMR
data correlated web with results obtained by FTIR spectroscopy,
both indicating that the CSM HA are composed of partially
degraded constituents of plant tissue, which still retain to
some extent their chemical structures. The major plant components
identified in the HA were lignin, carbohydrates, and long-chain
aliphatic structural groups.
136.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Humic substances in straw compost with rock
phosphate.
Singh, C. P.; Amberger, A. Biol-wastes. v.31(3): p.165-
174. (1990)
Includes references.
Descriptors: wheat straw; composting; waste treatment;
waste utilization; rock phosphate; phosphorus; calcium;
retention; capacity; humic acids; fulvic acids; molasses;
incorporation
137.
NAL Call No.: 450 P699
Identification and biological activity of germination-
inhibiting long-chain fatty acids in animal-waste
composts.
Marambe, B.; Nagaoka, T.; Ando, T. Plant-cell-physiol.
[Kyoto, Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists]. v.34(4):
p.605-612. (1993 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sorghum bicolor; seed germination; water
uptake; atp; alpha amylase; enzyme activity; long chain fatty
acids; composts; poultry droppings; pig slurry; cattle dung;
phenolic compounds
Abstract: Long-chain fatty acids in germination-
inhibiting animal-waste composts were identified by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry as myristic, palmitic, stearic,
oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. These acids were found at
concentrations greater than 0.25 mg (g dry compost)-1. The
identified acids, together with lauric acid, and five kinds of
short- and medium-chain fatty acid, were tested for their effects
on the germination process of sorghum seeds. The authentic long-
chain fatty acids, which were dissolved in a 1: 9 (v/v) mixture
of methanol and distilled water at 40 mg liter-1, significantly
reduced the alpha-amylase activity, physiological water uptake,
and ATP content of the germinating seeds during the first 24 h
of imbibition, as well as the rate of germination of seeds. Among
the tested fatty acids, myristic and palmitic acids were the
most potent inhibitors of germination. The inhibitory effects of
long-chain fatty acids were stronger than those of the phenolic
acids. The short- and medium-chain fatty acids did not have any
significant germination-inhibitory effects at 40 mg liter-1. The
results indicate that the long-chain fatty acids are the
dominant inhibitors of germination in animal-waste composts, and
that the inhibition of the alpha- amylase activity in germinating
sorghum seeds is one aspect of the mode of action of these long-
chain fatty acids.
138.
NAL Call No.: 100 C12CAG
Incorporating rice straw into soil may become disposal
option for growers.
Blank, S. C.; Jetter, K.; Wick, C. M.; Williams, J. F. Calif-
agric. v.47(4): p.8-12. (1993 July-1993 Aug.)
Descriptors: rice straw; straw disposal; plowing; straw
burning; composting; total costs; california
139.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Influence of low-molecular-weight organic acids on the
solubilization of phosphates.
Bolan, N. S.; Naidu, R.; Mahimairaja, S.; Baskaran, S. Biol-
fertil-soils. v.18(4): p.311-319. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: organic acids; adsorption; rhizosphere;
litter plant; composts; poultry manure; phosphorus;
solubilization; nutrient uptake; phosphorus fertilizers; lolium
rigidum
140.
NAL Call No.: 290.9 Am32T
Influence zone of aeration pipes and temperature
variations in passively aerated composting of manure
slurries.
Sartaj, M.; Fernandes, L.; Patni, N. K. Trans-ASAE.
v.38(6): p.1835-1841. (1995 Nov.-1995 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: poultry manure; slurries; peat; aeration;
composting; methodology; temperature profile; physicochemical
properties; pipes; composts ; ontario; perforated aeration pipes;
zone of influence
Abstract: Natural and passive aeration methods of
composting under high initial moisture content condition (76%)
were studied. Compost material consisted of poultry manure
slurry as the waste and peat as the bulking agent. Piles were
trapezoidal in section with an initial volume and height of 5 m3
and 1.2 m, respectively. Correlation factors of temperature
readings of identical positions in replicate piles showed that
the process was quite stable and reproducible. Influence zone of
passive aeration pipes was limited to the interior portion of the
bottom half of the pile. Temperature distribution inside the
piles indicated that passive aeration pipes were effective in
providing more air than natural aeration. Passive aeration
process finished two weeks earlier than natural aeration process.
The final product had a dark brown color and was rich in total
nitrogen and phosphorus.
141.
NAL Call No.: S441.S855
Integrated hog farming and market gardening for small
farmers in tropical areas of the western region.
Fleming, K. Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education
SARE or Agriculture in Concert with the Environment ACE research
projects. 6, 9p. (1993)
SARE Project Number: LWE 92-2. Reporting period for this report
is October 1992 to September 1993.
Descriptors: pig farming; composting; agricultural
wastes; market gardens; tree fruits; sustainability; economic
analysis; small farms; demonstration farms; tropics; hawaii
142.
NAL Call No.: S441.S8552
Integration of animal waste, winter cover crops and
biological antagonists for sustained management of Columbia lance
and other associated nematodes on cotton.
Barker, K. R.; Koenning, S. R.; Mikkelsen, R. L.; Edmisten, K. L.
Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE research
projects Southern Region. 31p. (1995)
SARE Project Number: LS94-60. Record includes floppy disk.
Descriptors: gossypium; plant parasitic nematodes;
poultry manure; composts; cover crops; secale cereale; green
manures; paecilomyces; biological control agents; nitrogen
fertilizers; use efficiency; nematode control; cultural control;
biological control; sustainability; north carolina; municipal
waste compost
143.
NAL Call No.: S592.17.A73A74
Kinetics of composting rice straw with glue waste at
different carbon: nitrogen ratios in a semiarid
environment.
Jhorar, B. S.; Phogat, V.; Malik, R. S. Arid-soil-res-
rehabil. v.5(4): p.297-306. (1991 Oct.-1991 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; kinetics; rice straw;
adhesives; industrial wastes; carbon-nitrogen ratio; semiarid
zones; cocomposting
144.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Leaves prove best bulking agent for grass
clippings.
Barnes, J.; Heimlich, J. Biocycle. v.33(5): p.38-39.
(1992 May)
Descriptors: composting; grass clippings; bulking;
leaves; wood chips; straw; bulking agents; composts;
decomposition; ohio
145.
NAL Call No.: QL336.Z6
Life-cycle of the European compost worm Dendrobaena
veneta (Oligochaeta).
Viljoen, S. A.; Reinecke, A. J.; Hartman, L. S-afr-j-zool-s-
afr-tydskr-dierkd. v.26(1): p.43-48. (1991 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dendrobaena; biological development;
cattle manure; cocoons; growth; incubation; life cycle;
reproduction; vermiculture; german federal republic
146.
NAL Call No.: QL336.Z6
Life cycle of the oriental compost worm Perionyx
excavatus (Oligochaeta).
Hallatt, L.; Reinecke, A. J.; Viljoen, S. A. S-afr-j-zool-s-
afr-tydskr-dierkd. v.25(1): p.41-45. (1990 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: oligochaeta; soil fauna; life cycles;
cattle manure; composting; waste disposal
147.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Loss of nitrogenous compounds during composting of animal
wastes.
Martins, O.; Dewes, T. Bioresource-technol. v.42(2):
p.103-111. (1992)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; mixtures; chopping; straw;
liquid manures; poultry manure; pig manure; cattle manure;
nitrogen; losses; leachates; gases; emission; ph; nitrogen
balance
148.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Losses and transformation of nitrogen during composting
of poultry manure with different amendents: an incubation
experiment.
Mahimairaja, S.; Bolan, N. S.; Hedley, M. J.; Macgregor, A. N.
Bioresour-technol. v. 47(3): p.265-273. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: poultry manure; composting; aerobic
treatment; anaerobic treatment; amendments; nitrogen; losses;
transformation
149.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Losses of nutrients through leaching and surface runoff
from manure-containing composts.
Ulen, B. Biol-agric-hortic. v.10(1): p.29-37. (1993)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composts; manures; nitrogen; nutrients;
losses; leaching; runoff; environmental impact; manure heaps
150.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Low cost composting methods for farmers.
Wilkinson, E. A.; Amick, D. R. Biocycle. v.36(3): p.65-
66. (1995 Mar.)
Descriptors: composting; on-farm processing; waste
utilization
151.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Low cost options for fish waste.
Brinton, R. Biocycle. v.35(3): p.68-70. (1994 Mar.)
Descriptors: fish scrap; wheat straw; composting
152.
NAL Call No.: 290.9 Am32P
Low-input composting of crab waste.
Brodie, H. L.; Carr, L. E.; Tolley, A. T. Pap-Am-Soc-Agric-
Eng. [St. Joseph, Mich.: American Society of Agricultural
Engineers]. #916004, 9p. (1991 Summer)
Paper presented at the "1991 International Summer Meeting
sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural
Engineers," June 23-26, 1991, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Descriptors: crab waste; food processing; waste
disposal; composting
153.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43
Low-input, on-farm composting of high C:N ratio
residues.
Churchill, D. B.; Horwath, W. R.; Elliott, L. F.; Blisland, D. M.
Am-j-altern-agric. v.11(1): p.7-9. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: crop residues; straw; lolium perenne;
composting; on-farm processing; windrows; carbon-nitrogen ratio;
low-input agriculture; sustainability; low-input composting
Abstract: Farm residues with high C:N ratios are
difficult to use because of their low economic value and
excessive volume. Composting is ideal for upgrading such
residues, but was not thought possible without co-composting or
lowering of the C:N ratio. We developed a low-input method to
compost perennial ryegrass straw on-farm by forming windrows and
fuming them either zero, two, four, or six times throughout the
year with a commercial, straddle-type turner. No water beyond
normal rainfall and no N other than that contained in the straw
was added. The volume of straw was reduced by up to 88% with
four or six turns over 20 to 24 weeks. The average internal
temperature of straw windrows reached a maximum of 54 degrees C
with four turns. The ability to compost these residues will help
in the development of sustainable farming systems by allowing
recycling of straw waste.
154.
NAL Call No.: SF481.2.F56
Management and handling of poultry manure.
Nordstedt, R. A. Proc-fla-poult-inst. (49th): p.34-35.
(1990)
Meeting held on October 9-10, 1990, Gainesville, Florida.
Descriptors: poultry manure; waste utilization;
pollution; composting; waste treatment
155.
NAL Call No.: 290.9 Am32P
Management of on-farm composting in the Intermountain
West.
Miller, B. E.; Farrell Poe, K.; Pace, M. G.; Miller, R. L.
Pap-am-soc-agric-eng. [St. Joseph, Mich.: American Society of
Agricultural Engineers]. #94-4042/94-4082, 7p. (1994 Summer)
Paper presented at the 1994 International Summer Meeting
Sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, June
19-22, 1994, Kansas City, Missouri.
Descriptors: waste treatment; composts; dairies;
mountain states of usa
156.
NAL Call No.: HD1775.A2A5
Managing and using wastes.
Donald, J.; Mitchell, C.; Ruffin, B. G. Ala-agribusiness-
auburn-univ-ala-coop-ext-serv. v.29(4): p.4-6. (1991 Apr.)
Descriptors: animal wastes; waste utilization; waste
disposal; composting
157.
NAL Call No.: 57.8 C734
Manure handling alternatives cut costs.
Logsdon, G. Biocycle. v.34(7): p.52-54. (1993 July)
Descriptors: animal manures; composting; costs; organic
farming
158.
NAL Call No.: 100 ID14
Market alternatives for Treasure Valley cull
onions.
Levi, A. E.; Fellman, J. K.; Guenthner, J. F.; Makus, L. D.;
Thornton, M. K. Bull-idaho-agric-exp-stn. [Moscow, Idaho: The
Station]. #730, 14p. (1992 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: allium cepa; quality controls;
agricultural wastes; dehydrated foods; frozen foods; plant oils;
livestock feeding; composting; idaho; oregon
159.
NAL Call No.: 381 J8223
Maturity assessment of wheat straw composts by
thermogravimetric analysis.
Blanco, M. J. J-agric-food-chem. v.42(11): p.2454-2459.
(1994 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: wheat straw; composts; decomposition;
thermal degradation; thermogravimetry
Abstract: Thermogravimetric analysis in oxidizing
atmosphere has been used to characterize composts prepared from
wheat straw with different organic and mineral additives. After
a wide range of classical parameters were determined for the
chemical maturity of composts, plant yield improvement was
studied in a greenhouse experiment. It was found that most
chemical and agrobiological maturity indices paralleled peak area
values in the differential thermogravimetric curves. In
particular, the weight loss corresponding to compost material
destroyed between 360 and 540 degrees C showed a very
significant correlation with the germination index and the plant
yield of the soils amended with compost. As expected, the extent
of such thermal effects reflected also the H/C, O/C, and C/N
ratios and the lignin content of the composts. Experiments
during the methodological optimization of thermogravimetric
analyses have shown the importance of removing the compost water-
soluble fraction to prevent spurious results, probably due to
the effect of salts on thermal decomposition in the
lignocellulosic substrate.
160.
NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58
Mechanisms regulating composting of high carbon to
nitrogen ratio grass straw.
Horwath, W. R.; Elliott, L. F.; Churchill, D. B. Compost-sci-
util. v.3(3): p.22-30. (1995 Summer)
Includes references.
Descriptors: composting; straw; grasses; feasibility;
carbon-nitrogen ratio; field experimentation; laboratory methods;
windows; mineralization; microbial activities; environmental
temperature; microorganisms; biomass; carbon; nitrogen; lignin;
windrow composting; windrow turning
161.
NAL Call No.: 290.9 Am32P
Method for composting grass seed straw residue.
Churchill, D. B.; Bilsland, D. M.; Elliott, L. F. Pap-am-soc-
agric-eng. [St. Joseph, Mich.: American Society of Agricultural
Engineers]. #93-8505, 12p. (1993 Winter)
Paper presented at the "1993 International Winter Meeting
sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural
Engineers," December 14- 17, 1993, Chicago, Illinois.
Descriptors: ryegrass straw; straw disposal;
composting; windows
162.
NAL Call No.: S671.A66
Method for composting grass seed straw residue.
Churchill, D. B.; Bilsland, D. M.; Elliott, L. F. Appl-eng-
agric. v.11(2): p.275-279. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: straw; plant residues; composting;
windrows; machinery; temperature; volume; oregon
Abstract: Long and short straw from grass seed
production fields were collected, formed into windrows, and
turned with a commercial compost turner zero, two, four, or six
times over a nine-month period. Internal temperature and volume
reduction of windrows were monitored weekly from October 1992,
to June 1993. Volume was reduced by as much as 88% for long-straw
windrows and 80% for short-straw windrows. Near- maximum volume
reductions were achieved with as few as four turns for the short
straw and two turns for the long straw. Number of turns had a
significant effect on the rate of volume reduction. Four or more
turns were necessary to produce a compost product with a soil-
like texture. Temperatures necessary to kill all seed contained
in the compost were not achieved and use of the compost should be
limited to situations where crop and weed seedlings are not a
concern.
163.
NAL Call No.: TS1960.A33
Methods of disposal of paunch contents with emphasis on
composting.
Wilson, D. Adv-meat-res. v.8: p.265-281. (1992)
In the series analytic: Inedible Meat By-products, edited by A.
M. Pearson and T. R. Dutson.
Descriptors: meat byproducts; stomach; composting;
waste treatment; manures
164.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Microbial activities during composting of spent pig-
manure sawdust litter at different moisture contents.
Tiquia, S. M.; Tam, N. F. Y.; Hodgkiss, I. J. Bioresour-
technol. v.55(3): p.201-206. (1996 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pig manure; litter; sawdust; composting;
moisture content; microbial activities; oxygen consumption; atp;
temperature; air temperature; biomass; carbon; nitrogen;
oxidoreductases; enzyme activity; correlation; environmental
factors; aerobic heterotrophs; compost temperature
Abstract: The changes in microbial properties,
including total aerobic heterotrophs, O2-consumption rate, ATP
content, dehydrogenase activity and microbial biomass C and N of
the spent pig-manure sawdust litter were examined during further
composting. The effects of three moisture levels, 50% (pile A),
60% (pile B) and 70% (pile C), on the composting process were
also evaluated. Piles A and B had very similar trends of change
in temperature and microbial properties during the composting
period but pile C was significantly different. Temperatures in
the first two piles increased to a peak of 64-69 degrees C by
day 4, while that of pile C rose to a lower peak (58 degrees C)
on day 7. The high moisture content (about 70%) of pile C led to
early cooling of the pile and decreased the production of
microbial activity and biomass. Although water was added
frequently to maintain the moisture content of each pile, it was
difficult in practice to maintain the moisture content of pile C
at 70%, since water leaked out from the pile. Therefore, a
moisture content of between 50 and 60% can be considered as the
optimal moisture level for further composting of the spent
litter. In general, the total aerobic heterotrophs, O2
consumption rate and ATP content of all piles increased
dramatically during the thermophilic stage of composting, but
then decreased slowly and were maintained at lower levels at the
end of the composting process. Stability of microbial properties
was observed at day 60, indicating that two months is enough to
convert spent litter to a mature compost. Temperature was found
to be correlated with ATP content, dehydrogenase activity and
oxygen consumption rate, and so these parameters could be used
to indicate.
165.
NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46
Microbial C and N dynamics during mesophilic and
thermophilic incubations of ryegrass.
Horwath, W. R.; Elliott, L. F. Biol-fertil-soils.
v.22(1/2): p.1-9. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lolium perenne; crop residues; ryegrass
straw; decomposition; composting; microbial degradation;
microbial flora; biomass; carbon; nitrogen; nutrient
requirements; mineralization; solubility; environmental
temperature; carbon-nitrogen ratio; low-input agriculture;
mesophiles; thermophiles
Abstract: Laboratory studies were conducted to
determine C and N dynamics during the decomposition of ryegrass
straw under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. A K(C) of
0.61 was developed for the chloroform-fumigation extraction
method to estimate microbial biomass C. These estimates showed
that the C and N requirement of the thermophilic biomass was
approximately 50% of the mesophilic biomass. There was no
relationship between chloroform-fumigation microbial biomass
estimates and plating of microorganisms from straw on specific
media. Mineralized C was measured as 185 and 210 g kg-1 straw in
the 25 degrees C and 50 degrees C treatments, respectively. The
efficiency of microbial substrate use, on a total straw basis,
was 34 and 28% in the 25 degrees C and 50 degrees C incubations,
respectively. The level of soluble C declined more slowly than
total C mineralization at both temperatures, indicating that a
portion of the labile C was not readily biodegradable. The
addition of N decreased the rate of C mineralization at both
temperatures. The reduced N requirement of the thermophiles
explains why rapid degradation of the high C:N residue occurred
without additional N or the need for the addition of a low C:N
ratio substrate. Additional inoculum did not affect the
decomposition process. We conclude that the promotion of
thermophilic biomass activities, through composting for example,
may prove useful in upgrading agricultural wastes for
introduction into sustainable cropping systems.
166.
NAL Call No.: TD930.A32
Microbiological and biochemical changes during the
composting of oil palm empty-fruit-bunches. Effect of nitrogen
supplementation on the substrates.
Thambirajah, J. J.; Zulkali, M. D.; Hashim, M. A. Bioresour-
technol. v.52(2): p.133-144. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: elaeis guineensis; agricultural wastes;
crop residues; composting; cattle manure; goats; animal manures;
poultry manure; carbon nitrogen ratio; decomposition;
thermophilic bacteria; thermophilic fungi; lignocellulosic
wastes
Abstract: The composting of oil palm empty-fruit-bunches
and of oil palm empty-fruit-bunches in supplementation with
either goat dung, cow dung or chicken manure differed in the
resulting C:N ratios. The initial C:N ratios (52:1, 35:1, 48:1,
47:1) for the four compost heaps were significantly reduced to
24:1, 14:1, 18:1 and 12:1, respectively, after 60 days of
composting, resulting in the production of a stable humus that is
suitable for crop production. A temperature of 70 degrees C was
maintained for 3 days at the onset of composting. Both mesophilic
and thermophilic bacteria showed consistent activity throughout
the process, whereas fungal activity was completely suppressed
during the peak heating phase. The rate of utilization of
cellulosic material showed a positive correlation with the
increase in the nitrogen content of the compost.
167.
NAL Call No.: 290.9 Am32P
Microbiological safety of composted poultry farm
mortalities.
Conner, D. E.; Blake, J. P.; Donald, J. O. Pap-am-soc-agric-
eng. [St. Joseph, Mich.: American Society of Agricultural
Engineers]. #91-4053, 12p. (1991 Summer)
Paper presented at the "1991 International Summer Meeting
sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural
Engineers," June 23-26, 1992, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Descriptors: poultry; mortality; waste disposal;
composting; bacteria; fungi
168.
NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5
Mineralization of composted 15N-labelled farmyard manure
during soil incubations.
Cheneby, D.; Nicolardot, B.; Godden, B.; Penninckx, M. Biol-
agric-hortic. v.10(4): p.255-264. (1994)
Includes references.
Descriptors: silty soils; nitrogen; carbon;
mineralization; nutrient availability; composts; farmyard manure;
soil organic matter; decomposition
169.
NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6
Moisture requirements of Dendrobaena veneta
(Oligochaeta), a candidate for vermicomposting.
Muyima, N. Y. O.; Reinecke, A. J.; Viljoen Reinecke, S. A.
Soil-biol-biochem. v.26(8): p.973-976. (1994 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dendrobaena; earthworms; growth;
maturation; cocoons; cattle manure; environmental factors;
moisture content; vermicomposting; moisture; moisture perferences
Abstract: Dendrobaena veneta, an earthworm species from
Europe, has been reported to have the potential to combat organic
waste problems and to be a producer of protein. This study was
concerned with the effect of moisture on growth, maturation and
cocoon production of this species. Moisture preferences of
clitellate worms were studied with the aid of cylindrical
moisture towers filled with cattle manure, ground to a particle
size of betwe