TITLE: Resource Guide to Growing and Using Herbs
 PUBLICATION DATE:  November 1992
 ENTRY DATE:  April 1995
 EXPIRATION DATE:  
 UPDATE FREQUENCY: 
 CONTACT:  Jane Gates
           Alternative Farming Systems Information Center
           National Agricultural Library
           Room 304, 10301 Baltimore Ave.
           Beltsville, MD  20705-2351
           Telephone:  (301) 504-6559
           FAX:  (301) 504-6409
           
 DOCUMENT TYPE:  text
 DOCUMENT SIZE:  43k (24 pages)
 
 
 ==============================================================
 SRB 93-01
 Resource Guide to Growing and Using Herbs
 
 Herbs
 
 What is an "herb"?  The term itself comes from the Latin "herba,"
 meaning green crops.  It originally referred to virtually all
 cultivated and wild plants, especially to their green, succulent
 parts.
 
 To the botanist, an herb is a non-woody plant that dies back to the
 ground in winter.  Most herbalists, however, use "herb" to mean any
 plant, or plant part, that has useful properties beyond garden
 ornament.
 
 In this broad sense, herbs are plants used for flavoring foods and
 beverages; for medicines, cosmetics, dyes, and perfumes; and for
 other household and economic uses.  Herbs so defined may be trees,
 shrubs, vines, and mosses and include plants that are annual,
 biennial, and perennial.  Specific herbs may be valued for their
 leaves (such as basil, parsley), flowers (chamomile), seeds (dill),
 stems (angelica), or underground tissues (garlic, chicory).
 
 Generally, the concept of herbs as flavoring agents excludes those
 plants commonly known as vegetables, and is further limited to
 plants grown in temperate regions.  A contrasting (also imprecise)
 group of economic flora consists of the spice plants.  These are
 usually understood to be plants from the tropics which bear
 aromatic fruits, seeds, or woody barks, that which are used today
 primarily for seasoning foods.  Examples of popular culinary spices
 include cinnamon, ginger, and black pepper.
 
 Herbs have been used for many thousands of years.  They provide a
 tangible link to ancient civilizations and days past, when
 innumerable kinds of plants were an integral part of daily life in
 home and community.  In western societies prior to this century,
 people once turned to herbs to fulfill their physical and spiritual
 needs:  to cure illness, season foods, and dye cloth; for their
 cosmetic properties and pleasing or repellent aromas; as well as
 for their symbolic and magical qualities.  Although interest in
 particular herbs has waxed and waned over time and across cultures,
 we have witnessed a general decline in herbal popularity in the
 industrial era.  Botanicals have, for the most part, been eclipsed
 in usage by synthetic medicines, food additives, chemical dyes and
 pesticides, and other manufactured products.
 
 In the late 20th Century, however, our interest in herbs has been
 rapidly expanding.  This interest consists of rediscovery and
 reevaluation of our pre-industrial herbal heritage, along with new
 focus on beneficial plants, especially the medicinals, with actual
 and potential human value.  More and more people are using herbs to
 flavor food and drink, for natural scents and dye-stuffs, for craft
 and decoration, and for their health enhancing effects.  The
 "herbal renaissance" stems from our general discontent with the
 mass-produced, synthetic products of our time, along with renewed
 appreciation of "natural" substances, and interest in creating more
 sustainable human societies.  Among scientists and others, there
 has been a burgeoning interest in the cultures of indigenous
 peoples, with a focus on their healing traditions using medicinal
 plants.  In addition to the many "proven" drugs derived from plants
 (such as curare, morphine, and digitalis), numerous herbs used in
 the traditional folk medicines of various cultures have been shown,
 through rigorous scientific testing, to offer bonafide health
 benefits.  Thus, our knowledge of the usefulness of herbs may,
 indeed, be just beginning.
 
 In addition to their practical virtues, herbs are being newly
 appreciated for their beauty and versatility in the home garden. 
 Many of our favorite ornamental flowers such as the rose, foxglove,
 and garden heliotrope are, in fact, old time herbs.  Whether
 incorporated into the flower border or specialty garden, herbs are
 being grown for their pleasing scents, interesting colors and
 textures, and even for their pest deterrent properties.  For our
 smaller living spaces, many herbs are also adaptable to indoor
 culture and container gardens.
 
 Beyond the home garden, small farmers seeking diversification are
 finding that herbs may offer a viable alternative to conventional
 cash crops.  Rekindled interest in their natural pest deterrent
 properties may also mean an expanded role for herbs in agriculture
 in general.
 
 The following selection of books, periodicals, articles, and
 bibliographies indicates the expanding interest in herbs among
 gardeners, farmers, householders, hobbyists, business persons, and
 scientists. Herb membership organizations and commercial herb
 suppliers are included for your information as well.  Featured also
 is a selection of books on early American plant usage.  By
 referring to these works, you can learn about the plants, from the
 immigrant as well as native American cultures, that were important
 for survival in the early period of our history.
 
 NOTE:  Publications with NAL call numbers are available at the
 National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705-2351.  See
 attached "Document Delivery Services to Individuals."  Those works
 with ARB call numbers are available by appointment for on-site
 research only at the U.S. National Arboretum Library, 3501 New York
 Avenue, NE, Washington, D.C.  20002-1958.  Telephone (202)
 475-4828.
 
 Early American Plant Usage
 and Heirloom Gardens
 
 NAL SB451.F32
 
 
 Colonial Gardens.  Rudy F. Favretti and Gordon P. DeWolf.  Barre,
 MA:  Barre Publishers, 1972.
 
 An interesting account of herbs and other plants grown in colonial
 America, with advice on how to create or restore historic gardens. 
 Includes listing of authentic colonial gardens and extensive
 bibliography.
 
 NAL SB451.L4
 
 
 Early American Gardens:  "For Meate or Medicine."  Ann Leighton. 
 Boston, MA:  Houghton Mifflin, 1970.
 
 Recreates the gardens of early European settlers in New
 Englandþwhat plants were grown and why, with insights into
 development of the American character.  Subjects include historic
 gardens and plants, influences of the early herbalists, and
 historic seed lists.
 
 NAL BX9785.H6B43 1991
 
 
 The Earth Shall Blossom:  Shaker Herbs and Gardening.  Galen Beale
 and Mary Rose Boswell.  Woodstock, VT:  The Countryman Press, 1991.
 
 Explores the Shakers' herb garden heritage, with colorful
 accounting of their 19th Century seed and herb businesses.  Offers
 practical garden lore, advice for creating one's own Shaker garden,
 and a guide to existing Shaker gardens.  Extensive bibliography.
 
 NAL SB108.U5H68 1978
 
 
 Green Immigrants.  Claire Shaver Haughton.  New York:  Harcourt,
 Brace, Jovanovich, 1978.
 
 An interesting account of immigrant herbs, as well as weeds and
 other cultivated plants, that became part of the North American
 landscape after Columbus.  With botanical notes, history, and folk-
 lore.
 
 NAL SB407.G345 1992
 
 
 The Heirloom Garden:  Selecting and Growing Over 300 Old-Fashioned
 Ornamentals.  Jo Ann Gardner.  Pownal, VT:  Storey Communications,
 1992.
 
 A guide to the diverse array of "heirloom ornamentals," those
 plantsþmany of them herbs in the broad senseþintroduced to American
 gardens from 1600 to 1950.  With advice on how to plan and preserve
 the heirloom garden, and profiles on specific plants.  Includes
 lists of mail order sources, heirloom plant societies, and
 periodicals.
 
 NAL SB351.H5R44
 
 
 A Heritage of Herbs.  Bertha P. Reppert.  Harrisburg, PA: 
 Stackpole Books, 1976.
 
 A well-researched and informative account detailing the legacy of
 herbal wisdom brought to colonial America.  Includes discussion of
 colonial gardens, descriptions of herbs grown, updates of old-time
 recipes, and public gardens of today.
 
 NAL SB319.H32 1988
 
 
 A History of Horticulture in America to 1860.  U.P. Hedrick.  With
 addendum to 1920 by Elisabeth Woodburn.  Portland, OR:  Timber
 Press, 1988.
 
 A well-documented survey of the development of horticultural arts
 and sciences in the colonial and post-revolutionary periods. First
 published in 1950.  Discusses regional developments and nation-
 alistic influences, with focus on native American gardens, botanic
 explorations, and plant breeding.  Includes bibliography,
 black-and-white illustrations.
 
 Works Featuring Herb Cookery (And More)
 
 NAL TX819.H4B4
 
 
 Cooking with Herbs.  Susan Belsinger and Carolyn Dille.  New York: 
 Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1984.
 
 A collection of more than 200 recipes using common herbs from the
 kitchen garden.  Also features herb cultivation, harvest, and
 processing.
 
 NAL TX819.H4R6
 
 
 Cooking with the Healthful Herbs:  Over 300 No-Salt Ways to Great
 Taste and Better Nutrition.  Jean Rogers.  Emmaus, PA:  Rodale
 Press, 1983.
 
 Recipes using flavorful herbs in place of sugar, salt, and fatty
 ingredients.  Includes background on 40 culinary herbs, health
 benefits of herbs, and advice on herb culture, harvest, and
 preservation.
 
 NAL SB351.H5G75 1971
 
 
 Culinary Herbs and Condiments.  Maud Grieve.  New York:  Dover
 Publications, 1971.
 
 A concise, practical guide to herbal cookery by a well-known
 herbarist.  Originally published in 1934.  With descriptions of 33
 herbs, plus recipes for herbal wines and other beverages,
 condiments, and culinary oils.
 
 NAL SB351.H5R63
 
 
 Fresh Herbs:  Over 100 Uses for Growing, Cooking, Cosmetics, and
 Garden Design.  Barbara Radcliffe Rogers.  New York:  Mallard
 Press, 1990.
 
 With emphasis on freshly-grown herbs, features recipes and
 household uses for several dozen popular herbs.  Plus basic advice
 for growing and harvesting.  Numerous color photos.
 
 NAL TX819.H4H45
 
 
 Herbs for All Seasons.  Rosemary Hemphill.  Sydney:  Angus and
 Robertson, 1972.
 
 Herbs for healthful living are emphasized, with culinary ideas and
 simple remedies arranged according to seasons of availability and
 use.  Includes background on herb cultivation and lore. 
 Illustrated with line drawings.
 
 NAL TX819.H4M83
 
 
 Minnie Muenscher's Herb Cookbook.  Minnie Worthen Muenscher. 
 Ithaca, NY: Comstock Publishing Associates, 1978.
 
 Contains hundreds of recipes using 40 herbs from the kitchen
 garden.  Plus additional advice for growing, processing, and using
 culinary herbs.
 
 Herb Garden Design and Landscaping
 
 NAL SB351.H5S92
 
 
 Herb Garden Design.  Faith H. Swanson and Virginia B. Rady. 
 Hanover, NH:  University Press of New England, 1984.
 
 Features more than 50 plans for simple, formal, historic, and
 specialty gardens, along with advice for design and step-by step
 creation.  For the novice as well as more ambitious gardener. 
 Little emphasis given to growing specific herbs or their uses.
 
 NAL SB351.H5A32
 
 
 Landscaping with Herbs.  James Adams.  Portland, OR:  Timber Press,
 1987.
 
 A comprehensive, well-illustrated guide to the uses of herbs as
 landscape plants.  Features designs for traditional, informal,
 contemporary landscapes, and more.  Specific herbs also described. 
 For the experienced gardener.
 
 NAL SB351.H5S76
 
 
 Planning the Organic Herb Garden:  From Pots on Patios to Larger
 Layouts.  Sue Stickland.  New York:  Thorsons Publishing Group,
 1986.
 
 Practical introductory guide to organic herb gardening with
 chapters on garden design, botany, propagation, pest control, and
 harvest.  Includes uses for over 50 culinary, medicinal, cosmetic,
 and fragrant herbs.
 
 NAL SB351.H5K57 1992
 
 
 Using Herbs in the Landscape.  How to Design and Grow Gardens of
 Herbal Annuals, Perennials, Shrubs, and Trees.  Debra Kirkpatrick. 
 Harrisburg, PA:  Stackpole Books, 1992.
 
 A practical guide that focuses on the decorative properties of
 herbs.  Includes information on herb culture and garden design
 elements, detailed profiles of dozens of plants, and plans for more
 than 20 theme gardens.
 
 Selected Works on the History
 of Herb Usage (Including Herbals, Classic and Modern)
 
 NAL SB351.H5M83
 
 
 Garden Spice and Wild Pot-Herbs:  An American Herbal.  Walter C.
 Muenscher and Myron A. Rice.  Ithaca, NY:  Comstock Publishing
 Associates, 1955, 1978.
 
 For gardeners and gourmets, "classic" modern herbal describes 250
 common and exotic herbs, including wild species; how to recognize,
 grow, and harvest, with culinary and medicinal lore.  Illustrated
 with wood engravings.
 
 NAL SB451.C52
 
 
 Green Enchantment.  The Magic and History of Herbs and Garden
 Making.  Rosetta E. Clarkson.  New York:  Collier Books, 1991.
 
 In this classic, artistic work first published in 1940, the author
 draws from ancient wisdom to enlighten modern gardeners and herb
 enthusiasts.  With centuries-old recipes for using edible flowers
 and herbs in foods and medicines.  Contains 100 facsimile woodcuts.
 
 NAL QK41.G3 1975
 
 
 The Herbal or General History of Plants.  John Gerard.  London: 
 Norton, 1597.  The complete 1633 edition as revised and enlarged by
 Thomas Johnson.  New York:  Dover Publications, 1975.
 
 Still immensely popular, the classic work by English herbalist John
 Gerard, with Johnson's revisions.  Describes some 2850 plants with
 herbal virtues, with 2500 original illustrations.  Plants indexed
 by Latin and English names.
 
 ARB QK14.5.A73 1986
 
 
 Herbals:  Their Origin and Evolution:  A Chapter in the History of
 Botany 1470 - 1670.  Agnes Arber.  New York:  Cambridge University
 Press, 1986.
 
 A classic work first published in 1912, revised in 1938.  Traces
 the evolution of the printed herbal in Europe, with emphasis on
 botanic and artistic features.  Contains numerous illustrations and
 extensive bibliography.
 
 NAL QK99.A1L4
 
 
 A History of Herbal Plants.  Richard le Strange.  London:  Angus
 and Robertson, 1977.
 
 Well-researched volume conveying the union of botany and
 plant-based medicine, including botanic notes and historical lore
 on hundreds of herbs.  With cultivation advice, glossary of medical
 terms, and bibliography.  Plants indexed by botanic and common
 names.
 
 ARB QK99.A1.B55X
 
 
 The Illustrated Herbal.  Wilfrid Blunt and Sandra Raphael.  New
 York:  Thames and Hudson, 1979.
 
 A biographic and bibliographic survey of herbalists and their
 works. Traces the evolution of herbal production, with emphasis on
 herbal artistry.  A high quality work containing numerous color
 plates and illustrations reproduced from classic works.
 
 NAL QK99.A1A5
 
 
 An Illustrated History of the Herbals.  Frank J. Anderson.  New
 York:  Columbia University Press, 1977.
 
 A survey of herbal literature for the layperson, featuring selected
 works from the ancient Greeks to 17th Century herbalists. Well-
 illustrated, with extensive bibliography.
 
 NAL QK99.G7
 
 
 A Modern Herbal:  The Medicinal, Culinary, Cosmetic, and Economic
 Properties, Cultivation and Folklore of Herbs, Grasses, Fungi,
 Shrubs, and Trees with All Their Modern Scientific Uses.  Mrs. M.
 Grieve.  New York: Hafner Publishing Company, 1967.  2 Vol. 
 Originally published by Harcourt Brace in 1931.
 
 Encyclopedic work with historic background, cultivation tips, and
 varied uses for over 800 varieties of plants.  Considered a
 "classic modern herbal."  Numerous illustrations.  Common and Latin
 names used.
 
 NAL QK14.5.R6
 
 
 The Old English Herbals.  Eleanour Sinclair Rohde.  New York: 
 Dover Publications, 1989.
 
 Unabridged re-publication of 1922 edition by noted 20th Century
 herbalist.  Recounts the history of the herbal from early
 Anglo-Saxon manuscripts to 17th Century works, including early
 American texts.  Provides a fascinating account of historic plant
 uses. With black-and-white photos.
 
 Introductory Guides to Growing Herbs for Commerce
 
 NAL SB351.H5M52 1992
 
 
 The Potential of Herbs as a Cash Crop.  Richard Alan Miller. 
 Berkeley, CA:  Ten Speed Press, 1992.
 
 A common-sense guide for the small farmer interested in herbs as an
 alternative crop.  Includes basics on growing, processing, and
 marketing herbs, plus useful information on specific herbs.
 
 NAL SB351.H5J32
 
 
 Profitable Herb Growing at Home.  Betty E.M. Jacobs.  Charlotte,
 VT:  Garden Way Publishing, 1976.
 
 An excellent guide offering advice for starting out on a small
 acreage.  Covers horticultural basics for 32 herbs, propagation and
 harvest, marketing, and herbal products.
 
 General References for Growing and Using Herbs
 
 NAL SB351.H5G37
 
 
 The Complete Book of Herbs and Spices.  Sarah Garland.  New York: 
 Viking Press, 1979.
 
 A comprehensive, well-illustrated guide to every possible herbal
 use, from cookery to first-aid and herb crafts.  This "modern
 herbal" highlights 300 herbs, including wild plants.
 
 NAL SB351.H5E52
 
 
 The Encyclopedia of Herbs and Herbalism.  Malcolm Stuart, ed.  New
 York:  Grosset & Dunlap, 1979.
 
 Useful reference work accounting the history of herbalism and
 medicinal plants, with advice on cultivation and garden design. 
 Reference section describes 420 herbsþtheir specific attributes,
 how-to-grow, and uses.
 
 NAL SB351.H5F43
 
 
 Essential Herbs.  The 100 Best for Design and Cultivation.  Derek
 Fell.  New York:  Crescent Books, 1990.
 
 Offers numerous ideas for imaginative herb growing, including
 specialty gardens, details on cultivation, propagation, and uses. 
 Includes encyclopedia of 100 of the most useful herbs.  Many photos
 and diagrams.
 
 ARB SB405.C728
 
 
 Fragrance and Fragrant Plants for House and Garden.  Nelson Coon. 
 Grandview, MI:  Diversity Books, 1967.
 
 Provides an account of the history and role of fragrance for the
 human species, plus description of a vast array of scented flora
 for garden and home use.  With black-and-white photos.
 
 NAL SB351.H5M54 1986
 
 
 Growing and Using Herbs and Spices.  Milo Miloradovich.  New York: 
 Dover Publications, 1986.
 
 Compact, comprehensive handbook for the herb gardener and cook. 
 First published in 1952.  Features historic background and recipes
 for culinary and household herbs and spices, plus advice on garden
 design and cultivation.
 
 NAL SB351.H5B66
 
 
 Growing Herbs in Pots.  John Burton Brimer.  New York:  Simon and
 Schuster, 1976.
 
 Practical advice for growing 23 culinary herbs indoors. With
 instructions for planting, care, and harvest, plus numerous recipes
 for herb cookery.
 
 NAL SB351.H5L55
 
 
 The Harrowsmith Illustrated Book of Herbs.  Patrick Lima. Camden
 East, Ontario:  Camden House, 1986.
 
 An informative guide to herb culture and use, especially suited to
 gardeners in the northern U.S. and Canada.  Discusses kitchen herbs
 and herbs for shade, fragrance, and color.  With garden plans and
 descriptions of dozens of species.  Numerous color photos and
 illustrations.
 
 NAL SB351.H5L9
 
 
 The Herb Garden.  Charles Lyte.  Newbury Park, CA:  Haynes
 Publications, 1986.
 
 A handsome volume exploring the lore, legend, and history of
 medicinal, flowering, and vegetable herbs.  Includes recipes and
 bibliography.
 
 NAL SB434.A75
 
 
 Herbaceous Perennial Plants:  A Treatise on Their Identification,
 Cultivation, and Garden Attributes.  Allan M. Armitage.  Athens,
 GA:  Varsity Press, 1989.
 
 A reference guide to more than 2700 herbaceous perennialsþmany of
 them herbs.  Useful for gleaning information on cultivars and
 varieties.  Entries are very detailed and include lists of books
 for further reading.
 
 NAL SB351.H5F627 1984
 
 
 Herbal Bounty! The Gentle Art of Herb Culture.  Stephen Foster. 
 Salt Lake City, UT:  G.M. Smith, 1984.
 
 A compact manual, beautifully written and illustrated, covering all
 aspects of herb culture.  Special emphasis on herb plants used by
 native Americans.  Describes 80 herbs for home use and the herb
 trade market, with basics of garden design, propagation, and
 harvest.  Includes bibliography.
 
 NAL SB351.H5S48 1990
 
 
 Herbal Treasures.  Phyllis V. Shaudys.  Pownal, VT:  Storey
 Communications, 1990.
 
 Month-by-month guide to hundreds of projects for gardening,
 cooking, and crafting with herbs.  Includes recipes and lists of
 source materials.
 
 NAL SB351.H5T6
 
 
 Herbs:  Gardens, Decorations, and Recipes.  Emelie Tolley and Chris
 Mead.  New York:  C.N. Potter, 1985.
 
 Handsomely illustrated text with wide scope, covering garden
 design, recipes, and herb crafting.  Detailed information,
 including horticultural advice, given for 40 popular herbs.
 
 NAL SB351.H5H345
 
 
 Herbs.  Their Cultivation and Usage.  John and Rosemary Hemphill. 
 Poole, Dorset:  Blandford Press, 1983.
 
 Concise and informative guide to culinary, fragrant, and medicinal
 herbs, with focus on herbs for cookery.  Also contains advice on
 cultivation and garden design.
 
 ARB SB351.H5C49
 
 
 Herbs:  Their Culture and Uses.  Rosetta E. Clarkson.  New York: 
 Macmillan, 1954.
 
 Considered an herbal classic, first published in 1942.  A colorful
 and practical guide to herb gardening and herb uses in the home. 
 Highlights 101 useful herbs, from acantha to yarrow.
 
 NAL SB351.H5B63
 
 
 The Macmillan Treasury of Herbs.  A Complete Guide to the
 Cultivation and Use of Wild and Domesticated Herbs.  Ann Bonar. 
 New York:  Macmillan, 1985.
 
 An informative, artistic work for the herb gardener and herbal
 enthusiast. Describes cultivation, history, and uses for 59 herbs,
 with additional information on herb gardening and enjoyment.
 
 NAL SB351.H5C514 1992
 
 
 Magic Gardens:  A Modern Chronicle of Herbs and Savory Seeds. 
 Rosetta E. Clarkson.  New York:  Macmillan Publishing, 1939.  First
 Collier Books Edition, 1992.
 
 A classic work, rich with lore and practical knowledge on herb
 gardening, cooking, and medicine.  Contains numerous illustrations
 from ancient herbals and gardening texts, plus bibliography.
 
 NAL SB351.H5F625
 
 
 Park's Success with Herbs.  Gertrude B. Foster and Rosemary F.
 Louden.  Greenwood, SC:  Geo. W. Park Seed Company, 1980.
 
 A useful, well-organized guide to herb culture, compiled by two
 herb experts for Geo. W. Park Seed Company.  Includes A-to-Z
 catalog describing over 100 herbs, with history, cultural
 requirements, and advice for culinary and household uses.
 
 NAL SB351.H5R58
 
 
 Rodale's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Herbs.  Claire Kowalchik and
 William H. Hylton, eds.  Emmaus, PA:  Rodale Press, 1987.
 
 Excellent general reference book with horticultural advice and
 garden designs, plus herbal cookery, dyes, medicinals, history, and
 lore.  Myriad uses for 140 herbs presented in A-to-Z format. 
 Supplemented with easy-to-use charts, illustrations, and color
 photos.
 
 NAL SB321.T37 1987
 
 
 Taylor's Guide to Vegetables & Herbs.  Boston:  Houghton Mifflin,
 1987.
 
 A useful manual describing several dozen herbs, with specific
 advice on growing and harvesting.  Includes cultivar and varietal
 information, how to deal with disease and insect problems, and
 numerous charts detailing garden characteristics, cultivation re-
 quirements, and herbal uses.  With full-color plates and line
 drawings of each herb.
 
 Three Books Featuring
 the Resurgence of Interest
 in Medicinal Herbs
 
 NAL QK99.A1D83
 
 
 Handbook of Medicinal Herbs.  James A. Duke.  Boca Raton, FL:  CRC
 Press, 1985.
 
 Informative reference work on plants with medicinal or folk
 medicinal uses, containing information gathered from the scientific
 literature.  Includes line drawings of 365 herb species, chemis-
 tries, medicinal uses, and toxicity rankings.
 
 NAL QK99.K68
 
 
 Green Medicine:  The Search for Plants That Heal.  Margaret B.
 Kreig.  Chicago:  Rand McNally, 1964.
 
 One of the first books to recount the resurgence of interest in
 medicinal herbs.  Author focuses on plant-hunting expeditions to
 Mexico and the Amazon rainforest.  The work has both popular and
 scientific appeal.
 
 NAL QK99.A1M3
 
 
 Magic and Medicine of Plants.  Reader's Digest.  Pleasantville, NY: 
 The Reader's Digest Association, 1986.
 
 A handsome introduction to herbal history and folklore, with
 contemporary research findings on wild and domesticated medicinal
 species.  Profiles of 280 North American herbs include
 descriptions, lore, and uses.  With vivid color illustrations.
 
 
 Journal Articles on Herbs
 
 NAL SB450.9 G37
 Allen, J.  "Hardy herbs."  National Gardening 11(10): 42-47,61
 (Oct. 1988).
 
 Herb businesswoman offers her advice for growing 22 perennial herbs
 in northern climes.
 
 
 NAL SB351.H5H365
 Barker, A.V. "Organic fertilizers for herbs." The Herb, Spice, and
 Medicinal Plant Digest 4(3): 1,2,4-7 (Fall 1986).
 
 How to ensure proper nutrition using organic amendments.
 
 
 NAL SB351.H5H365
 Barker, A.V.  "Mulches for herbs."  The Herb, Spice, and Medicinal
 Plant Digest 8(3): 1-5 (Fall 1990).
 
 Discusses various types of mulching materials to control weeds and
 retain soil moisture.
 
 
 NAL 80.H787
 Damrosch, B.  "Mixing herbs with flowers."  Horticulture 63(3): 
 30-33.
 
 How to incorporate herbs into the flower border, with designs and
 plant lists for three types of gardens.
 
 
 NAL 80.G82
 Falkenberg, G.  "Herbs for you:  guidelines for the Rocky Mountain
 gardener."  The Green Thumb 46(2): 52-58 (Autumn/Winter 1989)
 
 A general overview of herb gardening and history, with advice for
 growing and using 15 popular herbs.
 
 
 NAL S605.5.R64
 Hutson, L.  "Standout southern herbs."  Rodale's Organic Gardening
 34(9): 81-86 (Sept. 1987).
 
 Herbs and varieties recommended for southern gardens.
 
 
 
 NAL SB351.H5H47
 Kaleta-Johnson, K.  "Organic gardening indoors."  The Herb
 Companion 4(1): 30-36 (Oct./Nov. 1991).
 
 The best indoor herbs, plus practical information about soil mixes,
 fertilizers, plant care, and pest control.
 
 
 NAL 450.P694
 Mageau, H.E.  "Herbs:  a sensory approach to gardening with
 children." Plants and Gardens.  Brooklyn Botanic Gardens Record
 40(3): 25-27 (Autumn 1984).
 
 Herb gardening to teach children about the natural world and
 enhance their sensory awareness.
 
 
 NAL 80.N216
 McGourty, F.  "Ruminations on kitchen herbs."  The American
 Horticulturist 65(8): 24-29 (August 1986).
 
 Sage advice for growing and using common culinary herbs.
 
 
 NAL 80.H41
 Russell, C. and H. Shimuzu.  "Procedures for propagating herbs for
 The National Herb Garden."  The Herbarist 54: 53-57 (1988).
 
 Specific details for propagating the dozens of herbs grown at the
 U.S. National Arboretum.
 
 
 NAL SB351.H5H47
 Sheldon, E.  "Gardening in shade."  The Herb Companion 4(6): 40-45
 (Aug./Sept. 1992).
 
 A discussion of herb gardening under shady conditions.  Includes
 two garden designs and a listing of 50-plus recommended plants and
 sources.
 
 
 NAL SB351.H5H47
 Shimuzu, H.H.  "Creating an herbal rock garden."  The Herb
 Companion 2(6): 40-47 (Aug./Sept. 1990).
 
 Basics on site selection, preparation, and garden design.  Includes
 list of recommended plants and their characteristics, plus source
 list and references.
 
 
 NAL SB450.9.G37
 Shimuzu, H.H.  "Mint condition." National Gardening 14(4):
 44-47,73,75 (July/August 1991).
 
 Survey of mints used for cooking, fragrance, and ornament. 
 Includes horticultural basics.
 
 
 NAL SB351.H5H365
 Simon, J.E. and D. Reiss-Bubenheim.  "Field performance of American
 basil varieties."  The Herb, Spice, and Medicinal Plant Digest
 6(1): 1-4 (Spring 1988).
 
 A comparison of several species and cultivarsþuseful for the home
 gardener or commercial grower interested in basil's culinary and
 ornamental properties.
 
 
 NAL 450.P694
 Van Brunt, Elizabeth R., ed.  "An illustrated dictionary of herbs." 
 Plants and Gardens.  Brooklyn Botanic Gardens Record 38(2): 34-62
 (Summer 1982).
 
 General description, herbal uses, and horticultural advice for
 several dozen species.  With black-and-white photographs of each
 herb.
 
 Periodicals Containing Articles on Herbs
 
 
 NAL SB351.H5.B8
 The Business of Herbs.  Shevlin, MN:  Northwind Farm Publications. 
 Bimonthly.  Vol. 1- , 1983- .
 
 A newsletter providing news and resource services for herb
 businesses.
 
 
 NAL SB351.H5H47
 The Herb Companion.  Loveland, CO:  Interweave Press.  Bimonthly. 
 Vol. 1- , 1989- .
 
 Informative, artistic periodical for the general reader as well as
 herb professionalþ"dedicated to all things herbal."
 
 
 NAL 80.AM316
 The Herb Grower Magazine.  Falls Village, CT:  Philip W. Foster,
 Beldon St.  Quarterly. Vol 1-36, 1947-1984 (ceased publication).
 
 Contains articles on specific herbs and general herbal topics,
 recipes, and horticultural advice.
 
 
 NAL SB351.H5H357
 The Herb Quarterly.  Boiling Springs, PA:  Long Mountain Press. 
 Quarterly.  Vol 1- , 1979- .
 
 Informative journal featuring articles on growing and using herbs
 for cooking, health, and enjoyment, plus book reviews.  Handsomely
 illustrated.
 
 
 NAL 351.H5H365
 The Herb, Spice, and Medicinal Plant Digest.  Amherst, MA: 
 Massachusetts Cooperative Extension System.  Quarterly.   Vol 1- ,
 1983- .
 
 Newsletter offering review articles, profiles of herbalists, and
 herb marketing information.  Scientific emphasis.
 
 
 NAL SB351.H5H57
 Herbalgram.  Austin, TX:  American Botanic Council and Herb
 Research Foundation.  Quarterly.  Vol 1- , 1984- .
 
 Primary focus on medicinal herbs, with reviews and feature
 articles, research news, market reports, conference and event
 calendar, and book reviews.  Scientific and educational format.
 
 
 NAL 80.H41
 The Herbarist.  Mentor, OH:  Herb Society of America.  Annual.  Vol
 1- , 1935- .
 
 Contains official society information, plus articles on diverse
 herbal topics and book reviews.
 
 
 NAL 450.P694
 Plants and Gardens.  Brooklyn Botanic Gardens Record.  Brooklyn,
 NY:  Brooklyn Botanic Gardens.  Quarterly. Vol 1- , 1945- .
 
 Each issue consists of a concise, well-illustrated manual covering
 a specific horticultural topic in depth.  Includes many subjects of
 interest to the herb gardener, crafter, and cook.  Recent topics
 include culinary herbs, herbs grown for ornament, natural plant
 dyeing, and oriental herbs and vegetables.
 
 Proceedings of the
 National Herb Growing and Marketing Conference
 
 Published yearly, starting in 1986.  Although presentation topics
 focus on the commercial herb industry, there is also a good deal of
 information concerning herb cultivation, processing, and herbal
 products, to interest the home gardener and herbal enthusiast.
 
 
 NAL HD1775.I6I5
 Proceedings of the First National Herb Growing and Marketing
 Conference (1986).  Simon, J.E. and L. Grant, eds.  Purdue Univer-
 sity Station Bulletin No. 518.  312 pp.  West Lafayette, IN:  Dept.
 of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Experiment Station, Purdue
 University, 1987.
 
 
 NAL HD1775.I6I5
 Proceedings of the Second National Herb Growing and Marketing
 Conference (1987).  Simon, J.E. and L. Grant, eds. Purdue
 University Station Bulletin No. 530.  342 pp.  West Lafayette, IN: 
 Dept. of Agricultural Economics,  Agricultural  Experiment Station,
 Purdue University, 1987.
 
 
 NAL SB351.H5N3 1988
 Proceedings of the Third National Herb Growing and Marketing
 Conference:  June 19-22, 1988, Baton Rouge, LA.  Kestner, A.K. and
 M.A. Buehrle, eds.  Various pagings.  Baton Rouge, LA:  The
 Association, 1988.
 
 
 NAL SB351.H5N3 1989
 Proceedings of the Fourth National Herb Growing and Marketing
 Conference:  July 22-25, 1989, San Jose, CA.  Simon, J.E., A.K.  
 Kestner, and M.A. Buehrle, eds.  466 pp.  San Jose, CA:  The
 Association, 1989.
 
 NOTE:  Published proceedings from the 1990, 1991, and 1992 annual
 conferences of the International Herb Growers and Marketers
 Association are also available.  Contact the Association, at (708)
 566-4566, for specific information concerning these publications.
 
 
 In addition, the following gardening periodicals frequently contain
 articles and information about herbs and herb gardening:
 
 
 Horticulture   NAL 80.H787
 
 HortIdeas      NAL SB317.5.H67
 
 National Gardening  NAL SB450.9.G37
 
 Organic Gardening   NAL S605.5.074
                     NAL S605.5.R64
                     NAL 57.8.OR32
 (Formerly Rodale's Organic Gardening.  There are three call numbers
 due to changes in periodical title).
 
 Bibliographies on Herbs
 
 ARB Z6665.H47.A5
 Andrews, T.  A Bibliography of Herbs, Herbal Medicine, "Natural"
 Foods, and Unconventional Medical Treatment.  With the assistance
 of W. Corya and D.A. Stickel, Jr.  Littleton, CO:  Libraries
 Unlimited, 1982.  339 pp.
 
 Lists 749 publications with descriptions and reviews.  Works
 include general reference sources, popular and scientific books,
 dictionaries, and periodicals.
 
 
 NAL HD1775.I6I5
 Andrews, T.  "The Literature of Herbs."  Proceedings of the Second
 National Herb Growing and Marketing Conference.  Simon, J.E. and L.
 Grant, eds.  Purdue Research Foundation, 1987.  Agriculture
 Experiment Station Bulletin 530: 210-218.
 
 Lists 63 citations including popular and scientific works on the
 topics of herbs and medicinal plants:  general reference books,
 herbals, histories, bibliographies, and periodicals.
 
 
 NAL aZ5071.N3
 Gates, J.P.  "Herb Gardening, January 1985 - July 1990."  Quick
 Bibliography series no. 91-12.  Beltsville, MD:  The Library,
 October 1990.  9 pp, 120 citations.
 
 
 NAL aZ5071.N3
 Gates, J.P.  "Medical Botany and Herbal Medicine, January 1988 -
 December 1989."  Quick Bibliography series no. 90-44.  Beltsville,
 MD:  The Library, April 1990.  35 pp, 400 citations.
 
 
 NAL aZ5071.N3
 MacLean, J.T.  "Culinary Herbs and Herbal Oils, January 1979 - May
 1989."  Quick Bibliography series no. 90-21.  Beltsville, MD:  The
 Library, Jan. 1990.  33 pp, 331 citations.
 
 
 NAL aZ5071.N3
 MacLean, J.T.  "Herb Gardening, January 1981 - March 1989."  Quick
 Bibliography series no. 89-76.  Beltsville, MD:  The Library, June
 1989.  12 pp, 140 citations.
 
 
 NAL aZ5071.N3
 MacLean, J.T.  "Medical Botany and Herbal Medicine:  Books and
 Articles, January 1986 - May 1988."  Quick Bibliography series no.
 88-79.  Beltsville, MD:  The Library, September 1988.  31 pp, 341
 citations.
 
 
 NAL Z5996.H37S56
 Simon, J.E., A.F. Chadwick, and L.E. Craker.  Herbs, An Indexed
 Bibliography 1971-1980:  The Scientific Literature on Selected
 Herbs, and Aromatic and Medicinal Plants of the Temperate Zone. 
 Hamden, CT:  Archon Books/Shoe String Press, 1984.  770 pp.
 
 A comprehensive bibliography covering more than 80 herb species. 
 Consists of a narrative description of each herb and list of
 bibliographic referencesþnearly 8000 citations in all.  Subject and
 author indexes, plus list of additional reference works are
 included.  Intended primarily for scientists and those with a
 commercial interest in herb plants.
 
 Herbal Resources
 
 
 NAL SB115.I8
 
 Andersen Horticultural Library's Source List of Plants and Seeds. 
 Revised edition.  Richard T. Isaacson.  Chanhassen, MN:  Andersen
 Horticultural Library, 1989.
 
 A selected listing of over 40,000 plants commercially available in
 North America, with over 400 firms represented.  Plants are listed
 by scientific name, and cross-referenced by common name.  An
 excellent choice for locating herb plants and seeds.
 
 
 NAL SB175.F33
 
 Cornucopia:  A Source Book of Edible Plants.  Stephen Facciola. 
 Vista, CA:  Kampong Publications, 1990.
 
 An authoritative horticultural reference work presenting the
 diversity of food plants available to gardeners, consumers, and
 scientists.  Botanic listings of over 3000 species of plants
 include herbs, heirloom vegetables, fruit trees, and wild edibles,
 plus selected cultivar listings.  Entries are fully-annotated and
 cross- referenced, with a listing of over 1300 plant sources. 
 Extensive bibliography.
 
 
 NAL SB450.943 U6B37 1990
 
 Gardening by Mail:  A Source Book.  3rd edition.  Barbara J.
 Barton.  Boston, MA:  Houghton Mifflin, 1990.
 
 A directory of mail-order resources for North American gardeners. 
 Includes seed companies, nurseries, garden suppliers, publications,
 horticultural societies, and libraries.  The material is
 well-organized, with much to interest herb gardeners.
 
 
 NAL SB351.H5M353 1992
 
 The Herb Companion Wishbook and Resource Guide.  Bobbi A. McRae. 
 Loveland, CO:  Interweave Press, 1992.
 
 An invaluable guide to thousands of mail-order sources for all
 things herbal:  plants and seeds, supplies for cooking, crafts, and
 health, publications, educational opportunities, public herb
 gardens, a calendar of festivals, and more.
 
 
 NAL SB351.H504
 
 Northwind Farm's Herb Resource Directory.  Paula Oliver.  Shevlin,
 MN:  Northwind Farm Publications, 1990.
 
 Contains annotated listings of herbal resources: commercial
 suppliers of plants, seeds, and products; educational organ-
 izations; information and design services; and libraries.  Entries
 are indexed according to type of business and products or services
 offered, and cross-referenced by state.
 
 
 NAL 450.P694
 
 Perennials:  A Nursery Source Manual.  Handbook #118, Winter
 1988/89.  (A publication from Plants and Gardens.  The Brooklyn
 Botanic Garden Record, Vol. 44, No. 4).
 
 Contains an annotated listing of herbs and other types of plants,
 along with their commercial nursery sources.  Useful for locating
 specific herb types or cultivars.
 
 Guides to Herb Gardens in the United States and Canada
 
 
 NAL SB351.H5A45
 
 American Herb Association's Guide to Herb Gardens in the United
 States.  Rescue, CA:  American Herb Association, 1984.  10 pp.
 
 Contains listings for over 300 public and private herb gardens.
 
 
 NAL SB351.H5T7 1988
 
 Travelers' Guide to Herb Gardens:  Over 500 Gardens in the United
 States and Canada Featuring Herbs.  2nd edition.  59 pp.  Mentor,
 OH:  The Herb Society of America, 1988.  Public and private gardens
 are listed alphabetically by state.  Entries are fully annotated.
 
 
 Herb Membership Organizations
 
 American Botanic Council
 P.O. Box 201660
 Austin, TX 78720-1660
 (512) 331-8868
 
 A non-profit educational organization concerned with herbs and
 medicinal plant research.  Membership ($25/yr) includes
 subscription to quarterly journal, HerbalGram, published in
 conjunction with the Herb Research Foundation.  Additional
 educational materials available.  Founded 1983.
 
 American Herb Association
 P.O. Box 1673
 Nevada City, CA  95959
 
 National organization providing members with the latest
 developments in the herbal world.  Dedicated to increasing public
 awareness of herbs and herbal products, with emphasis on medicinal
 herbs and the healing arts.  Members receive American Herb
 Association Quarterly Newsletter, plus additional benefits and
 access to publications.  Founded 1981.
 
 Herb Research Foundation
 1007 Pearl Street, Suite 200
 Boulder, CO  80302
 (303) 449-2265
 
 Non-profit educational and research organization providing members,
 the public, and the media with information about herbs and herbal
 products.  Focus on medicinals.  Members receive the quarterly
 journal, HerbalGram ($25/yr).  Other publications also available.
 
 The Herb Society of America
 9019 Kirtland-Chardon Rd.
 Kirtland, OH  44094
 (440) 256-0514
 fax (440) 256-0541
 
 Organization dedicated to furthering knowledge of herbs.  Focus on
 herb culture, household and economic uses, and history, with less
 emphasis on medicinals.  Members must by sponsored by current
 society member.  Benefits include a subscription to The Herbarist. 
 Annual dues vary by membership category.  Founded 1933.
 
 International Herb Growers and Marketers Association
 1201 Allanson Rd.
 Mundelein, IL  60060
 (708) 566-4566
 
 A net-working organization for persons with a commercial interest
 in herbs.  Members receive a bimonthly newsletter covering industry
 news and business tips, plus additional benefits.  Founded 1986.
 
 Contact these organizations directly for more complete, up-to-date
 information.  Additional listings of herbal organizations may be
 found in several of the publications that are included in this
 bibliography.
 
 Herb Seed and Plant Suppliers
 KEY:
 
 S-seed
 P-plants
 R-retail
 W-wholesale
 HP-herbal products.
 
 This partial list is furnished for your information, with the
 understanding that no guarantee of reliability is implied.  Contact
 the dealers directly for current catalog information.
 
 Companion Plants
 7247 North Coolville Ridge Rd.
 Athens, OH 45701
 (614) 592-4643
 
 An excellent selection of herbs and everlastings offered. 
 (P/S/R/W)
 
 Fox Hill Farm Herbs
 Box 9, 444 W. Michigan Ave.
 Parma, MI 49269
 (517) 531-3179
 
 Over 400 varieties of herb plants listed, specializing in basil. 
 (P/R)
 
 The Herbfarm
 32804 Issaquah-Fall City Rd.
 Fall City, WA 98024
 (206) 784-2222
 
 Catalog lists over 600 herbs and related plants, plus seeds for a
 number of culinary herbs and edible flowers.  (P/S/R)
 
 J.L. Hudson, Seedsman
 P.O. Box 1058
 Redwood City, CA 94064
 
 Specializing in rare and hard-to-find varieties.  Good selection of
 decorative, fragrant, dye, culinary, and medicinal plants. (S/R/W)
 
 Lily of the Valley Herb Farm
 3969 Fox Ave.
 Minerva, OH 44657
 (216) 862-3920
 
 Catalog lists several hundred varieties of herbs and everlastings. 
 (P/S/R/W/HP)
 
 Nichols Garden Nursery
 1190 North Pacific Hwy.
 Albany, OR 97321-4598
 (503) 928-9280
 
 Large selection of herbs offered, including some unusual types. 
 (P/S/R/W/HP)
 
 George W. Park Seed Co.
 254 Cokesbury Rd.
 Greenwood, SC 29647-0001
 (800) 845-3369
 
 All-purpose garden supplier offering seed from 150-plus herbs and
 everlasting flowers, plus a selection of perennial herb plants. 
 (P/S/R/W)
 
 Redwood City Seed Company
 P.O. Box 361
 Redwood City, CA 94064
 (415)-325-7333
 
 Specializing in older varieties of "useful plants" from many
 countries and cultures.  (S/R/W)
 
 Richters
 P.O. Box 26, Hwy. 47
 Goodwood, Ontario
 Canada ON LOC 1AO
 (416) 640-6677
 
 One of the largest selections of seed, plants, and dried herbs
 offered in North America, including nearly 300 seed varieties.
 (P/S/R/W/HP)
 
 The Rosemary House
 120 S. Market St.
 Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
 (717) 697-5111
 
 A large assortment of herb seeds, plants, and products offered. 
 (P/S/R/HP)
 
 Sandy Mush Herb Nursery
 Rt. 2 Surrett Cove Rd.
 Leicester, NC 28748-9622
 (704) 683-2014
 
 Encyclopedic catalog lists hundreds of herb seeds and plants,
 including many uncommon types.  (P/S/R)
 
 Tinmouth Channel Farm
 Box 428B, Town Hwy. 19
 Tinmouth, VT 05773
 (802) 446-2812
 
 Catalog lists 120-plus varieties, plus several herb collections,
 which are Vermont-certified organic.  (P/S/R)
 
 Well-Sweep Herb Farm
 317 Mt. Bethel Rd.
 Port Murray, NJ 07865
 (908) 852-5390
 
 Catalog lists an extensive collection of culinary, medicinal, and
 fragrant herbsþincluding unusual typesþand everlastings.
 (P/S/R/HP)