Health and Welfare
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Alderton D (1988) Small animals, birds, reptiles and ornamental
fish. Proceedings. 14th International
Conference. Animal Air Transportation Association, Inc.
NAL Call No. TL720.7 A5
Descriptors: trade in animals, aquarium fishes, legislation, transport
of animals, animal welfare, small mammals
American Humane Association
(1985) Care of Fish. American
Humane Association. Denver, Colorado. 10 p.
NAL Call No. SF457.C3
Descriptors: fishes, animal welfare
Bjerkaas E, Wall AE, Prapas A
(2000) Screening of farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus
labrax L) and sea bream (Sparus
aurata L) for cataract. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish
Pathologists. Weymouth. 2(5):180-185
Screening of sea bass and sea bream for lens changes was carried out on three
modern fish farms in
Descriptors: eyes, screening, vision, husbandry diseases, Dicentrarchus labrax, Sparus aurata, cataracts
ASFA; Copyright © 2003, FAO
Brannas E, Alanara A, Magnhagen C
(2001) The social behaviour of fish.
Eds: Keeling LJ, Gonyou HW. Social Behaviour in Farm Animals. p.275-304. CABI Publishing, Wallingford,
UK
ISBN: 0-85199-397-4
Descriptors: aggressive behaviour, animal behaviour, animal physiology,
animal welfare, aquaculture, cannibalism, crowding, environmental factors, group
interaction, group size, predator prey relationships, social behaviour, social
structure, social systems, space requirements, fishes
Braunbeck T (1998) Cytological alterations in fish hepatocytes
following in vivo and in vitro sublethal exposure to xenobiotics--- structural
biomarkers of environmental contamination. (Eds:) Hinton DE, Streit B. Fish
Ecotoxicology. Basel Schwitzerland Birkhaeuser Verl pp. 61-140
Cytopathological alterations in hepatocytes of fish
following exposure to xenobiotic compounds represent a powerful tool to reveal
sublethal effects of chemicals and to elucidate underlying modes of action. The
present communication reviews the available information about ultrastructural
changes in fish liver as well as isolated hepatocytes, whereas the discussion
of in vivo effects is primarily focused on data from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and zebrafish (Danio rerio), the presentation of in
vitro data has been restricted to results from experiments with rainbow trout
hepatocytes due to a lack of data from studies with hepatocytes from other
species. Both in vivo and in vitro exposure to xenobiotics results in
sensitive, selective, and, especially in in vitro experiments, extremely rapid
responses of hepatocytes, which, however, may be confounded by internal
parameters (species, sex, age, hormonal status) and external parameters
(temperature, nutrition, duration of exposure). Thus, transfer of results and
conclusions from one experiment to another is usually not possible. Likewise,
in vitro results may not necessarily be extrapolated to the situation in intact
fish, and effects by acute toxic exposure cannot be translated into sublethal
effects. Hepatocellular reactions consist of both unspecific and substance
specific effects, in any case, as a syndrome, the complex of all changes
induced by a given xenobiotic, is specific. Especially in the lower exposure
range, most, if not all, ultrastructural alterations appear to be fully
reversible, upon cessation of exposure, restitution of hepatocellular integrity
is usually accomplished within a few days. Most early reactions of hepatocytes
apparently serve functions within the general adaptation syndrome, which is induced
to compensate for the misbalance in organismic homeostasis. Most
ultrastructural alterations after sublethal exposure have, therefore, to be
classified as indicators of adaptive processes and may be contrasted to
irreversible, i.e., degenerative and truly pathological phenomena. These
adaptive processes should by definition, not have consequences at higher levels
of biological organization, yet, as biomarkers, they are of ecotoxicological
relevance. Thus, with regard to their (eco)toxicological significance,
components of this nonspecific "general toxicant adaptation syndrome"
may serve as early and sensitive warning signals of chemical exposure, whereas
more specific changes may be of advanced diagnostic value and may serve as
indices for the identification of xenobiotics. Integration of cytopathological
alterations into routine aquatic toxicology requires quantification by means of
stereological techniques, which make structural data accessible for statistical
analysis and comparable with quantitative techniques such as biochemistry and
molecular biological methods. Implementation of cytopathological techniques
into routine long term investigations with fish gives credit to the principles
of animal welfare and protection, since more in depth analysis of internal
mechanisms of sublethal chemical contamination in addition to the study of
externally overt symptoms of intoxication adds to a refinentent of fish
experiments. One step further towards reduction of animal experiments may be
achieved by translation of environmental cytopathology to primary hepatocyte
cell cultures.
Descriptors: cell culture,
sublethal effects, ultrastructure, liver, Danio
rerio, Oncorhynchus mykiss
ASFA; Copyright © 2003, FAO
Canfield PJ,
Quartararo N,
NAL Call No.
QL614 J68
Reference values for common haematological and biochemical tests were established
for 64 captive Australian snapper, Pagrus
auratus (Bloch & Schneider). Fish were bled from caudal vertebral
sinuses after benzocaine anaesthesia. Haematological results were extremely
variable for total leucocytes and types of leucocytes. There was no correlation
between leucocytes counts and leucocrit values (R super(2)
= 0.37). Thrombocytes were not determined by direct cell counting due to
problem of aggregation. Polychromasia was common but did not correlate with
reticulocyte counts (R super(2) = 0.08). Biochemical
results were extremely variable for creatine kinase and aspartate transaminase
but this was considered a direct result of muscle damage during collection.
Descriptors: biochemical composition, hematology, baseline
studies, Pagrus auratus
ASFA; Copyright © 2003, FAO
Chiba A, Hamaguchi M, Kosaka M,
Tokuno T, Asai T, Chichibu S (1990) Energy metabolism in unrestrained fish
with in vivo 31P-NMR. Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology. 96A(2): 253-255
NAL Call No.
QP1.C6
We evaluated changes in high energy phosphate metabolism in unrestrained
freshwater loaches by in vivo 31P-NMR. When dissolved oxygen was
deficient, both an increase in Pi and a decrease in PCr were observed as the
loach struggled. After pretreating the fish with an anesthetic agent, we
observed the dependence of high energy phosphate metabolism on changes in
dissolved oxygen. Under anesthetic (Pi)/(Pi) + (PCr) ratio, an index of
metabolic state, was lower than without anesthesia. Decrease in high energy
phosphate metabolism in fish during oxygen deficiency was not caused by poor
oxygen supply but resulted from struggle movement due to lack of oxygen.
Descriptors: Cobitis
biwae, animal metabolism, phosphates, freshwater fish
ASFA; Copyright © 2003, FAO
Claireaux G (1999) Metabolic scope: An indicator of welfare in
fish?. Copenhagen-Denmark ICES. International Counc. for the Exploration
of the Sea Copenhagen (Denmark) Theme Sess. Health and Welfare of Cultivated
Aquatic Animals. Council Meeting of the
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Stockholm (Sweden), 27
Sep-6 Oct 1999. 1 pp. Compact Disc
Even though environmental factors affecting the
relationship between fish and their environment are relatively well identified,
documented scientific arguments on their interactions and the dynamics of their
effects are scarce. Consequently, to date there exist no unequivocal and easily
implemented methods to assess the reactions of an animal to its natural or
rearing environment. With regards to the fish-environment interactions,
environmental factors are deciding because, (1) they determine the size of fish
realised niche, {2) they dictate the general conditions governing the use of
this environment, (3) they set the maximum power output that animals will have their
disposal to support routine activities. Therefore it ensures, that in order to
survive, a fish must continually maintain the appropriate balance between two
requirements. The first one is obviously to attain the power output necessary
to fulfil the energetic requirements associated with its habitat. The second
one is to operate as low as possible from its topmost physiological limits. The
maximisation of this functional safety margin between the realisable and the
actual metabolic rate is indeed crucial, especially if one considers that the
magnitude of that scope provides for natural contingencies, and in fine, sets
productivity level (fish farm) and/or mortality risk (natural ecosystem). In
this context, we formulated our working hypothesis as follow: a maximised
metabolic scope is synonymous with reduced energy budgeting conflicts,
increased welfare, and thus with maximised ecosystem/farm yield. As a
contribution to the understanding of the fishmilieu interactions, the authors
designed an experimental and modelling procedure to analyse the environmental
impact on fish metabolic scope. Using this procedure, the authors then tested
the hypothesis that fish do behaviourally optimise their aerobic metabolic
capacity. Finally, the authors analysed particular situations in which energy
budgeting conflict occurred. (DBO).
Descriptors: fish, animal
welfare, metabolism, environmental factors, aquaculture
ASFA; Copyright © 2003, FAO
Deutsche Veterinarmedizinische
Gesellschaft (1978) Tierschutzgerechte Halterung,
Transport und Toten von Susswasserfischen. Tagung der Fachgruppe
Tierschutzrecht am 10-11 November 1977 in Munchen [Humane keeping, transport
and killing of freshwater fish. Meeting of the Animal Welfare group on 10 -
11th November 1977 in Munich]. Du und
das Tier. 8(1):8-37 (In German)
ISSN:
0341-5759
The 16 papers presented at this meeting are published
in this number of the journal. They cover various aspects of animal welfare in
relation to fisheries, the good health of fish, stress and the blood picture,
pain in the fish, oxygen requirements, temperature and hydrogen, humane
killing, and the use of tranquillizers during transport.
Descriptors: fish farming, animal welfare, fisheries, transport of
animals
Copyright © 2003, CAB International.
Elliott DG, Pascho RJ, Manning PR,
McKibben CL (1994) Studies on the potential for transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum to chinook
salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during code-wire tagging procedures. International
Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health: Program and Abstracts., Univ. of
California, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA (USA). p.
W-17.5
Binary coded-wire tags have been used extensively for more than 30 years for
the identification and management of stocks of anadromous salmonid fishes.
During a study of the use of brook stock segregation for the control of
bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in hatchery-reared spring chinook salmon
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, we observed evidence suggesting that transmission of
the causative agent of BKD, Renibacterium
salmoninarum, might be enhanced by coded-wire tagging procedures. About 4
months after coded-wire tags were implanted in fish from two brood years, we
examined histological sections of 14 tissues from each of 120 spring chinook
salmon smolts in the study groups. Up to 36 of the R. salmoninarum-infected
fish in some groups had focal infections detected only in the snout area near
the site of tag implantation. The lesions associated with the infections often
resulted in destruction of the olfactory epithelium and supporting tissues. No
focal snout infections were observed in fish that were not marked with
coded-wire tags. These data suggested that coded-wire tagging procedures can
promote the transmission of R. salmoninarum among fish via contaminated tagging
needles or by facilitating the entry of pathogens through the injection would.
Further field investigations focused on the occurrence of R. salmoninarum
contamination on tagging needles, on coded-wire tags, and in the water of
anesthetic baths used during the tagging spring chinook salmon.
Descriptors: Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha, Renibacterium salmoninarum, tagging, fish diseases, bacterial
diseases, histology, disease transmission, lesions
ASFA; Copyright © 2003, FAO
Fiskeriforskning (2000) Institutt for Fiskeri og Haveruksforskning
[Annual Report 2000]. Fiskeriforskning Norsk Institutt for Fiskeri
og Haveruksforskning AS Norway. 40 pp (In Norwegian)
This annual report summarizes information about
Fiskeriforskning and excerpts from the scientific results in 2000 including:
product and processing development for Norwegian seafood industry; seafood
marketing and industrial economics; biotechnology in development of products
from marine raw material; health and welfare of farmed fish; development of
feed and technology for new farmed species; stock estimation and ecology of sea
mammals, crustaceans, molluscs, coastal resources and flatfishes.
Descriptors: fishery institutions,
aquaculture, seafood, biotechnology, research institutions, annual reports,
Norway, fish health, fish welfare
ASFA; Copyright © 2003, FAO
HashimotoY, Nishiuchi Y (1983) Effects of herbicides on aquatic animals.
Eds: Miyamoto J, Kearney PC, Takahashi N, Yoshioka H, MisatoT, Matsunaka S.
Pesticide Chemistry, Human Welfare and the
Environment. Volume 2. Natural Products. Pergamon
Press. Oxford, U.K. p.355-358
NAL
Call No. SB951 I562 1982
LC-50 values of 35 herbicides are tabulated for carp,
Daphnia, Physa and tadpoles. Trials demonstrating the acute toxicity of PCP and
sub-acute toxicity of molinate to carp are discussed. In addition to the
haemorrhagic anaemia induced in carp by molinate, vertebral deformities in
certain kinds of fish caused by trifluralin or benthiocarb are considered.
Descriptors: Molinate, toxicology, Trifluralin, THIOBENCARB, herbicides,
fishes, thiocarbamate herbicides, carbamate pesticides, pesticides, aquatic
animals
Copyright © 2003, CAB International.
Institut Natl. de la Recherche
Agronomique, Paris; IFREMER, Issy-les-Moulineaux (1999) Premieres journees de la pisciculture, Nantes, 2-4 novembre 1999: actes
[First workshop of the pisciculture, Nantes, 2-4 November 1999: acts]. Nantes
France Ifremer. 145 pp. (In French
with English Summary)
This symposium has been organized by many research
institutes and partners of the fish sector. The following topics were
developed: research and development of this activity, economic analysis,
administration, reglementation, quality of the products, the fishes welfare,
pathology, environment and nutrition, importance of the professional, and the
fish ponds.
Descriptors: conferences, fish culture, economics, legislation, research,
experimental, research, quality assurance, biological stress, pathology, nutrition,
pond culture, animal welfare
ASFA; Copyright © 2003, FAO
Jencic V (2000) Skrb za dobrobit rib[Concern for the fish welfare]. Slovenski
Veterinarski Zbornik. 37(3):163-169 (In Polish)
NAL
Call No. SF604 L52
Descriptors:
fishes, animal welfare, behaviour; fish culture, aquaculture, fishing
operations, stress, ethics, value, systems, aquaculture
Jones D (1998) Free captive fish. Nature
(United Kingdom). 392(6673):234 ISSN: 0028-0836
NAL
Call No. 472 N21
Descriptors: fishing, ecosystem, biochemical oxygen demand, fish,
environmental protection, animal welfare, nonhuman, short survey
Kanshik SJ, Luquet P (eds.) (1993)
Fish nutrition in practice. The 4th International
Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding,
NAL Call No. S539.7 C6
no.61
In feed-based aquaculture, adequate nutrition
practices are decisive in order to be economically competitive as well as to
ensure the welfare of the fish. This symposium was held under the auspices of
the International Union of Nutrition Sciences. The following topics have been
discussed: fish nutrition and reproductive performance; nutrition and health;
metabolism and growth; environmental effects; larval and crustacean nutrition;
aquaculture and tropical nutrition; and nutrition research and aquaculture
development. More than one hundred presentations have stressed the role of
nutrition on growth, reproduction and health of species raised in fish farms.
Descriptors: conferences, animal
nutrition, feed efficiency, fish culture, aquaculture development, disease resistance,
nutrient deficiency, growth, animal metabolism, aquaculture effluents, warm
water aquaculture, fish larvae, brood stocks, marine crustaceans, nutritional
requirements
ASFA; Copyright © 2003, FAO
Mayes MA, Barron MG (1991) Aquatic Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Fourteenth Volume. Proceedings from the 14th ASTM
Symposium on Aquatic Toxicology and Risk Assessment, San Francisco, CA (USA),
22-24 Apr 1990. ASTM Special Technical Publication. Philadelphia, PA USA American
Society For Testing and Materials. 388 pp.
NAL
Call No. QH545 W3S95
The objective of the 14th ASTM Symposium on Aquatic
Toxicology and Risk Assessment was to provide aquatic toxicologists a forum to
share new ideas, to demonstrate the application of old ideas, and to challenge
current dogma. To this end, we organized ten sessions that ranged from the
specific (Organ System Toxicology and Biomarkers) to the more general (Risk
Assessment and Complex Mixtures). The symposium was initiated with a panel
discussion on "The Animal Welfare Act: Implications and Predictions in
Lower Vertebrate Research." This timely subject was presented from the
viewpoint of academia, industry, and governmental regulatory and funding
agencies. All agreed that now is the time to become involved in this issue in
order to influence future regulations. Traditional environmental effects
testing have endpoints that assess real-time exposure-related effects or
responses. The session on Biomarkers presented methods/examples that provide an
indication of previous and/or current pollutant or stress or exposure. In the
session of Organ System Toxicology the contributors explored the basic
physiological processes of specific target organs and argue that an
understanding of these processes are basic to understanding the mechanism of
toxic action of specific chemicals. The use of fish to assess the potential
carcinogenicity of xenobiotics was the focus of the Carcinogenesis session.
Topics ranged from the complexities of carcinogenesis in the fish liver to the
description and validation of fish carcinogenicity models. As regulatory agencies
begin to include biological assessments in an effort to meet the objectives of
several environmental laws, biomonitoring is becoming more prevalent. Several
sessions addressed the methods and strategies for biomonitoring point sources
as well as monitoring to assess the effectiveness of bioremediation strategies.
The sessions on Toxicity Evaluation and Toxicant Reduction Strategies included
topics that focused on the utility and limitations of current test methods, the
use of a toxicity index for data extrapolation, the utility of specific species
for aquatic testing,and factors that may effect interpretation of the results.
The concern about the toxicity of contaminated sediments was addressed in a
series of presentations in the session on Sediment Toxicity Assessment. Both
bioaccumulation and toxicity assessment strategies were presented along with
considerations of intrinsic characteristics of the sediment that may influence
the interpretation of test results.
Descriptors: aquatic environment,
toxicology, conferences, hazard assessment, exposure tolerance, environmental
monitoring, aquatic environments, risk assessment, fish, animal welfare
ASFA; Copyright © 2003, FAO
Midtlyng PJ (1997) Vaccinated fish welfare: protection versus side-effects. Developments in Biological Standardization
(Switzerland). 90:371-379. National Centre for Veterinary Contract Research
and Commercial Services, Ltd. (VESO AS), Oslo, Norway.
NAL
Call No. QR180.3 D4
ctive immunisation of fish involves a
number of potentially harmful procedures like handling, anaesthesia or
injection of more or less toxic substances. Adjuvanted vaccines may cause
inflammation, granuloma and pigmentation at the site of injection.
Intraperitoneal administration of oil-adjuvanted vaccines to Atlantic salmon
pre-smolts has occasionally resulted in impaired growth and reduced carcass
quality. The consequences of such vaccination for fish welfare may therefore be
questioned. With respect to furunculosis caused by Aeromonas salmonicida, scientific data suggest, however, that only
oil-adjuvanted vaccines are protective throughout the production cycle of
farmed salmon. Data are presented to show that salmonids are highly at risk to
epizootics if left unprotected against this or other endemic diseases. A panel
of parameters partly adopted from experimental animal medicine is proposed to
assess the impact of vaccine side-effects in farmed fish. In intensive salmon
aquaculture systems, reduced disease risks are thought to justify the observed
level of side-effects following current vaccination practices. For future fish
vaccines, reduction of side-effects without compromising long-term protective
immunity constitutes a challenging goal.
Descriptors: fishes, vaccination, adjuvants, immunologic,
administration, dosage, adverse effects, animal welfare, fish diseases, prevention
and control, fisheries, injections, safety, Salmonidae, vaccines
Ribelin WE, Migaki G (1975) The
Pathology of Fishes, U of WI Press, Madison, Wisconsin.
1004 pp.
NAL
Call No. SH171 P38
Descriptors: fishes, disease, medical, veterinary,
pathology, medicine
Ollenschlager B (1978) Der Einfluss von Temperatur und
Wasserstoffionenkonzentration auf den Fisch [Influence of temperature and pH
(of water) on fish]. Du und das Tier.
8(1):24-25 (In German)
ISSN:
0341-5759
Descriptors: animal welfare, environmental temperature, pH, fishes
Poppe TT, Haastein T (1984) Fisk og dyrevern [Fishes and animal
welfare]. Norsk Veterinaertidsskrift,
96(3):179-181. (In Norwegian)
NAL
Call No. 41.8 N81
Descriptors: fishes,
animal welfare, fish culture, animal health, animals, aquaculture, aquatic animals,
aquatic organisms, foods, vertebrates
Pough FH (1996) Setting
guidelines for the care of reptiles, amphibians and fishes. Scientists Center for Animal Welfare (SCAW)
newsletter. 18(1):3-8.
NAL Call No. QL55.N48
Descriptors: reptiles, amphibia,
fishes, animal husbandry, animal welfare, guidelines
Reichenbach-Klinke HH (1987) Fisch und
Naturschutz [Fish and natural protection]. Tieraerztliche Praxis.
15(1): 99-106. (In German)
NAL
Call No. SF603.V4
Descriptors: fishes,
fishing operations, transport, stress, slaughtering, environmental effects,
fish diseases, pathology, histology, animal welfare, animal health, animals,
aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, diseases, disorders, dysregulation, functional
disorders, harvesting, injurious factors, methods, processing, vertebrates
Reichenbach-Klinke HH (1987) Die wesentlichen
Parameter fur das Erkennen einer Beeintrachtigung des Wohlbefindens des Fisches
[Important values for the recognition of detrimental effects on the well being
of fish]. Du und das Tier. 8(1): 12-14.
(In German). ISSN: 0341-5759
Descriptors: stress,
transport of animals, animal welfare, fish diseases, fishes
Reynnells RD, Eastwood BR (1998) Animal welfare issues compendium. Poultry Science 77 (Supplement 1):151
NAL
Call No. 47.8 Am33P
Descriptors: animal care, animal husbandry, fish, animal
welfare issues, compendium, aquaculture, beef production, conservation, dairy
production, hunting, veal production
Sagar Kumar, Shalini Chauhan,
Chauhan RRS (1997) Long-term effect of
light on haematology of a fish Clarias
batrachus (Linn.). Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology. 17(1):50-52
ISSN: 0256-971X
The exposure of Clarias
batrachus to constant light for 24 h resulted in a general elevation in red
blood cell count, blood urea, haemoglobin percentage (haematocrit?), blood
sugar, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and serum transaminase. Levels of
cholesterol and serum protein concentration were depleted. All parameters,
except for blood urea, returned to pre-exposure levels 5 days later.
Descriptors: light, haematology, blood chemistry, animal welfare,
cholesterol, blood sugar, urea, blood proteins, alkaline phosphatase, Clarius batrachus
Copyright © 2003, CAB International.
Sauer N, Manz D (1994) Tierschutztatbestaende bei Fischen [The
welfare of fish]. Tieraerztliche Umschau. 49(10):653-658 (In German)
NAL Call No.
41.8 T445
Welfare legislation applies to fish just as they do to
other species. Compared to other pets and domestic animals, fish present a
number of differences that present a problem in determining whether the
regulations are being observed. These problems are compounded by the diverse
uses and management, e.g. breeding, storage and transportation, commercial
uses, scientific study and game fishing, to which they are subjected. There is
general agreement that fish are capable of suffering and it is therefore
immaterial that it has never been established that fish sense pain. In
commercial enterprises, causes of suffering can be found as a result of
feeding, breeding, over fishing, sorting, mixing of species, transportation and
slaughter. Water quality is another source of suffering due to contamination.
The major causes for aquarium fish are related to capture, breeding and trade,
as well as from errors in the management and care by aquarists. Game fishing
has gained considerable attention with respect to welfare. Examples are
presented for all of these diverse activities.
Descriptors: fishes, fishing operations, fish culture,
fish feeding, fish ponds, pain, animal welfare, transport of animals, animal
health, ornamental fishes, aquaculture, neurophysiology, legal aspects, fish handling, biological stress, sport
fishing, hygiene, Teleostei, fish welfare
ASFA; Copyright ©
2003, FAO
Sauer N (1993) Tierschutz bei Fischen [Animmal protection with fishes]. Fachbereich
Veterinaermedizin. Justus-Liebig-Univ., Giessen (FRG). 290 pp. (In German)
In the present dissertation the influence and effects
of the human being regarding fishes are analyzed under animal welfare aspects.
Respectively a division of the subranges fish cultivating in ponds, cultivation
of flowing waters, influences on natural biotopes, angling ornamental fish
keeping and fishes as test animals is effected. The foundation are, besides of
a multifarious and wide-branching literature, the relevant laws and other
regulations, relevant degrees and own experiences of many years.
Descriptors: ornamental fish, fishery protection, ecological balance,
legal aspects, spawning, food availability, biological stress, disease control,
sport fishing
ASFA; Copyright © 2003, FAO
Schulz D (1978) Sauerstoff und Fisch. [Oxygen and fish.].
Du und das Tier. 8(1):21-23 (In
German)
ISSN:
0341-5759
Descriptors: animal welfare, gases, water, oxygen, fishes
Simpson SJ, Raubenheimer D (2001) A framework for the study of macronutrient intake in fish. Aquaculture
Research. 32(6):421-432
NAL Call No. SH1.F8
A good understanding of the capabilities of
commercially reared fish species to regulate intake of specific macronutrients
has potential economic, welfare and environmental benefits. We present a
conceptual and experimental framework for studying macronutrient intake in
fish. This ‘geometric’ approach addresses the multidimensional and interactive
nature of nutrition. It was developed from work on insect herbivores and has
successfully been applied to mammals and birds. The various components of the
framework are introduced in simple outlines, and key experimental designs are
described for assessing whether or not fish specifically regulate their intake
of macronutrients, how they balance over-ingesting some nutrients against
undereating others when provided with suboptimal diets, and how they regulate
growth post-ingestively.
Descriptors: fishes,
experimental design, selectivity, feeding behavior, fish feeding, nutrient
uptake, nutrition physiology, growth, literature, fish culture, nutritional
requirements, feed efficiency, diets, bioenergetics
Toovey JPG, Lyndon AR, Duffus JH
(1999) Ivermectin inhibits respiration
in isolated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss Walbaum) gill tissue. Bulletin
of the European Association of Fish Pathology. 19(4):149-152.
The effect of the anti parasitic compound ivermectin
on respiration of isolated rainbow trout gills was investigated. Control
(saline only) gills had similar oxygen consumption rates to previous reports
for perfused preparations. Ivermectin caused a significant, dose dependent
depression of gill oxygen consumption at concentrations of 1.21 mu g/ml and
above, with an EC50 of 2.15 mu g/ml. The carrier solvent (propylene
glycol) exhibited dose independent inhibition of branchial respiration by 12%.
Assuming that these inhibitory effects were cumulative, ivermectin reduced gill
respiration by up to 72% at a concentration of 11.2 mu g/ml. In comparison,
excess (10 mM) ouabain resulted in a 40% drop in oxygen consumption. It is
concluded that further characterisation of ivermectin's impact on fish health,
and therefore welfare, is essential if its use for chemotherapeutic purposes in
fish is to be licensed.
Descriptors: antiparasitic agents, respiration, oxygen consumption,
drugs, disease control, Oncorhynchus mykiss
ASFA; Copyright © 2003, FAO
Treasurer J (2002) Welfare of wrasse. Fish
Farmer. 25(6):38-39
NAL
Call No. SH151.F574
Although biological control of sea lice by
stocking wrasses have environmental benefits, reports from environmental groups
have suggested that wrasses were unsuitable because welfare measures are
required of them. This article briefly discusses
some of the measures to improve the overwintering survival of wrasses.
Descriptors: animal welfare, overwintering, survival,
Labridae, Perciformes, Osteichthyes, fishes, vertebrates, Chordata, aquatic
organisms, aquatic animals
Copyright
© 2003, CAB International.
Wahli T (2002) Approaches to investigate environmental
impacts on fish health. Bulletin of
the European Association of Fish Pathologists. 22 (2):126-132
ISSN: 0108-0288
Descriptors: animal health, animal welfare, environmental impact,
toxic substances, water pollution, water temperature, brown trout, fishes, Salmo trutta, Salmo, Salmonidae, Salmoniformes,
aquatic animals
WHO (1990) Aktuelle Probleme des Tierschutzes. Fortbildungsveranstaltung am 12./13.
Oktober 1989 [Current problems of animal welfare. Refresher course held at Hannover
on 12-13 October 1989]. Deutsche Tierarztliche
Wochenschrift 97(4):139-180
(In German with an English summary)
NAL Call No.
41.8 D482
Individual papers outlined the animal welfare
situation in Europe, and welfare problems of pigs, Muscovy ducks, pets, fish,
furbearing animals and fallow deer.
Descriptors: animal welfare, fish
Copyright © 2003, CAB International.
Witter DJ (1977) Attitudes
Toward Animals and Their Uses: Literature Citations and Animal Welfare
Organization Data (Monograph). Arizona University, Tucson. Department of
Agricultural Economics. Report Number: AGERS-45, 45 p.
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NAL Call No.
HD1775 A6A6
The report contains 486 citations of work about man's
feelings toward animals `and their uses, and 80 citations of related social
scientific works. The citations are grouped alphabetically by author in four
categories: (1) general coverage; (2) animals as recreational and esthetic
resources; (3) animals as industrial resources and in biological research; and (4)
related social scientific literature. Additionally, the address, foundation
date, membership and staff size, purpose, and periodicals of 141 national
organizations concerned with animal welfare are listed.
Descriptors: attitudes, animals, ethics, social psychology, laboratory
animals, resources, animal ecology, human behavior, birds, utilization, recreation,
sociology, tables (data), statistical data, wildlife, domestic animals, conservation,
bibliographies, fishes
Aspects of Animal Welfare and Aquaculture - A Compendium of Selected Literature by Richard D. Moccia and Kristopher P. Chandroo; Aquaculture Centre, Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) Fish Products Standards and Methods Manual Netvet: Fish Resources
Schreck CB, Moyle PB, editors
(1990) Methods for Fish Biology. American Fisheries Society,
http://www.aps.uoguelph.ca/~aquacentre/aec/publications/welfare-bib.html
http://www.ccac.ca
The
Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) has posted its second draft of CCAC
guidelines
on: the care and use of fish in research, testing, and teaching. The guidelines are available at the
CCAC webpage (http://www.ccac.ca and
http://www.ccac.ca/en/CCAC_Programs/Guidelines_Policies/GDLINES/Guidelis.htm).
Bulletin No. 9
24/03/03
Approved Therapeutants for Aquaculture Use
(This
bulletin supersedes and replaces Bulletin no. 8.) The purpose of this bulletin
is to
inform manual holders of the authorized use of drugs and pesticides in
the aquaculture of fish
and
crustaceans. ....................
http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/fispoi/manman/samnem/smnmalle.pdf
http://netvet.wustl.edu/fish.htm