Abollo, E., A. Lopez, C. Gestal, P. Benavente, and S. Pascual (1998). Long-term recording of gastric ulcers in cetaceans stranded on the Galician (NW Spain) coast. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 32(1): 71-73. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Descriptors: stomach ulcers, disease prevalence, wild animals, parasites, helminths, Anisakis simplex, dolphins, Cetacea, Delphinus.
Agrimi, U., G.d. Guardo, N. Palazzini, and S. Kennedy (1996). Aggiornamenti sull'infezione da morbillivirus nei cetacei in Italia. [Update on morbillivirus infection of cetaceans stranded along the Italian coast]. Supplemento Alle Ricerche Di Biologia Della Selvaggina 24: 677-687.
Descriptors: disease surveys, disease prevalence, morbillivirus, Cetacea, dolphins, Italian coast.
Language of Text: Italian with English summary.
Notes: Meeting Information: Atti del Convegno Nazionale: Ecopatologia della Fauna Selvatica, December 15 -17, 1994, Bologna, Italy.
Aguilar, A. and J.A. Raga (1993). The striped dolphin epizootic in the Mediterranean Sea. Ambio 22(8): 524-528. ISSN: 0044-7447.
NAL Call Number: QH540.A52
Descriptors: stenella, morbillivirus, viroses, epidemics, mortality, Mediterranean Sea, Cetacea, dolphins, epidemiology, infectious diseases, mammals, marine areas, paramyxoviridae, viruses, Stenella coeruleoalba.
Language of Text: English summary.
Aguilar, R., R.G. Moreno Navarrete, G. Salgado Maldonado, and B. Villa Ramirez (2001). Gastrointestinal helminths of spinner dolphins Stenella longirostris (Gray, 1828) (Cetacea: Delphinidae) stranded in La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Comparative Parasitology 68(2): 272-274. ISSN: 1049-233X.
NAL Call Number: QL392.J68
Descriptors: new geographic records, new host records, Acanthocephala, Anisakis, Bolbosoma, Cestoda, Digenea, Stenella, Zalophotrema, dolphins, strandings.
Agusti, C., F.J. Aznar, P.D. Olson, D.T. Littlewood, A. Kostadinova, and J.A. Raga (2005). Morphological and molecular characterization of tetraphyllidean merocercoids (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) from the Western Mediterranean. Parasitology 130(4): 461-74. ISSN: 0031-1820.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 P21
Abstract: Two types of tetraphyllidean merocercoids, Phyllobothrium delphini and Monorygma grimaldii, are well known from most cetaceans world-wide. The role of cetaceans in the life-cycle of these merocercoids is unclear because their specific identity is as yet unknown. The problem is compounded by poor descriptions of both merocercoids. We used light and scanning electron microscopy, and histological techniques to provide a thorough description of merocercoids collected from 11 striped dolphins, Stenella coeruleoalba, from the Spanish Mediterranean. We also described, for the first time, specimens of P. delphini with immature proglottides. Our merocercoids were morphologically similar to those described previously, except in the structure of the apical organ. Intra- and inter-sample variability in the morphology of the apical organ suggested that it degenerates during larval development. A subsample of 16 specimens of P. delphini and M. grimaldii was characterized for the D2 variable region of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU) and compared with published tetraphyllidean cestode LSU sequences. P. delphini showed 2 unique signatures that differed from one another by a single base, whereas all sequences of M. grimaldii were identical. This suggests that each type may represent a single species, contrary to previous speculations based on morphological data. All merocercoid specimens formed a clade together with Clistobothrium montaukensis. Based on the low degree of divergence, all specimens of this clade are predicted to be congeneric.
Descriptors: cestoda anatomy and histology, dolphins parasitology, abdominal cavity parasitology, base sequence, cestoda genetics, cestoda ultrastructure, DNA, helminth chemistry, helminth genetics, Mediterranean Sea, microscopy, electron, scanning, phylogeny, polymerase chain reaction, ribosomal chemistry, RNA, ribosomal genetics, Spain.
Agusti, C., F.J. Aznar, and J.A. Raga (2005). Microtriches of tetraphyllidean metacestodes from Western Mediterranean striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). Journal of Morphology 265(2): 176-89. ISSN: 0362-2525.
NAL Call Number: 444.8 J826
Descriptors: striped dolphins, Stenella, Mediterranean, tetraphyllidean plerocercoids, merocoids, electron microscopy.
Agusti, C., F.J. Aznar, and J.A. Raga (2005). Tetraphyllidean plerocercoids from Western Mediterranean cetaceans and other marine mammals around the world: a comprehensive morphological analysis. Journal of Parasitology 91(1): 83-92. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Abstract: Tetraphyllidean plerocercoids have occasionally been reported in marine mammals, but they have rarely been described in detail, and the ecological significance of these infections is unclear. We described plerocercoids collected from the mucosa of the terminal colon and rectum, the anal crypts, and the hepatopancreatic ducts of 7 striped dolphins Stenella coeruleoalba, 1 Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris, and 3 Risso's dolphins Grampus griseus from the Spanish Mediterranean. We also examined undescribed plerocercoids from 3 cetacean species from the Atlantic and the Pacific. All plerocercoids had a lanceolate body, and a scolex with an apical sucker and 4 sessile monolocular bothridia. The bothridia had free posterior edges and an accessory sucker at their anterior end. Under light microscopy, the bothridia of some Mediterranean specimens looked bilocular without accessory suckers, but a true accessory sucker was observed in histological sections. A principal component analysis revealed 2 stable clusters of specimens along the first principal component regardless of host species. These "large" and "small" morphotypes are thought to represent early migratory stages of Phyllobothrium delphini and Monorygma grimaldii. The similarity in scolex morphology, the observation of plerocercoids buried in intestinal regions close to the sites where M. grimaldii and P. delphini occur, and the coexistence of all larval forms in the same individual hosts would support this hypothesis. Future molecular analysis may confirm it.
Descriptors: cestoda anatomy and histology, cestode infections, dolphins parasitology, whales parasitology, anus parasitology, bile ducts parasitology, cestoda ultrastructure, cestode infections parasitology, colon parasitology, hepatic duct, common parasitology, microscopy, electron, scanning, rectum parasitology.
Ali, M.N.M. (1999). Laboratory investigations in dolphins, Tursiops truncatus and sea cat, Odobeivus rosmarus affected with haemorrhagic septicaemia in the media production city in Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Veterinary Medical Association (Egypt) 59(2-3): 315-335.
Descriptors: Tursiops, sea catfish, hemorrhagic septicaemia, microbiological analysis, histopathology, clinical trials, Egypt, Africa, bacterioses, biological analysis, Cetacea, dolphins, experimentation, fishes, infectious diseases, mammals, North Africa, pathology, saltwater fishes.
Language of Text: English summary.
Notes: Meeting Information: Proceedings of the Twenty Fourth Arab Veterinary Medical Congress, Cairo, Egypt, May 8-12, 1999.
Andrade, A.L., M.C. Pinedo, and A.S. Barreto (2001). Gastrointestinal parasites and prey items from a mass stranding of false killer whales, Pseudorca crassidens, in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 61(1): 55-61. ISSN: 1519-6984.
Abstract: The gastrointestinal tract of 14 false killer whales, 6 males and 8 females, stranded in June 1995 in southern Brazil, with total standard lengths from 338 to 507 cm, were analysed for endoparasites and food items. A pregnant female had a male foetus of 77.5 cm. Parasites were found in all 14 false killer whales. The nematode Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) was found in the stomach of 57% of the animals and the acanthocephalan Bolbosoma capitatum (Linstow, 1889) Porta, 1908 was present in the intestine of all specimens and showed densities up to 600 m-1. An unidentified cestode (Tethrabothridae) was found also in the intestines of 14% of the individuals. The high infections of B. capitatum and A. simplex were not directly related with the cause of death. In the stomachs of four females, beaks of at least eight specimens of the oceanic and epipelagic species Ommastrephes bartramii (Lesueur, 1821) were found, with mantle lengths ranging from 189.8 to 360.9 mm. The distribution of O. bartramii in the coast of Rio Grande do Sul is consistent with false killer whales feeding in continental shelf waters.
Descriptors: dolphins parasitology, food preferences, gastrointestinal diseases, helminthiasis, animal parasitology, helminths isolation and purification, Acanthocephala isolation and purification, Brazil, Cestoda isolation and purification, dolphins physiology, gastrointestinal diseases parasitology, Nematoda isolation and purification.
Anonymous (2003). Dolphins with the bends. Biodiversity (Ottawa) 4(4): 36. ISSN: 1488-8386.
Descriptors: marine ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, nervous system, neural coordination, population studies, decompression sickness, injury, sonar activity.
Aznar, F.J., A.O. Bush, J.A. Balbuena, and J.A. Raga (2001). Corynosoma cetaceum in the stomach of franciscanas, Pontoporia blainvillei (Cetacea): an exceptional case of habitat selection by an acanthocephalan. Journal of Parasitology 87(3): 536-41. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Abstract: Adult acanthocephalans are typically found in the intestine of vertebrates, where they can readily absorb nutrients. However, Corynosoma cetaceum has been frequently reported in the stomach of cetaceans from the Southern Hemisphere. The ecological significance of this habitat was investigated by examining data on number, sex ratio, maturity status, biomass, and fecundity of C. cetaceum in different parts of the digestive tract of 44 franciscanas Pontoporia blainvillei. Individual C. cetaceum occurred in the pyloric stomach (PS) and, to lesser degrees, in the duodenal ampulla (DA) and the main stomach (MS). Females outnumbered males in all chambers, although the sex ratio was closer to 1:1 in the MS; there also was a higher proportion of nongravid females, with a smaller biomass in the MS than in the PS and the DA. This evidence suggests that cystacanths are released from prey tissues in the MS, where entire prey are reduced to semi-fluid chyme. The 3 chambers harbored gravid females that did not differ significantly in mean biomass or fecundity. The maturity status of females was nearly identical between the PS and the DA. In the MS, the higher proportion of non-gravid females is probably due to the occurrence of newly recruited females to this site. Mean biomass and fecundity of gravid females covaried strongly and positively among chambers within hosts. These results suggest that there are no major differences between the 3 chambers with respect to the suitability for reproduction by C. cetaceum. However, although the MS is the largest chamber, it harbored the smallest number of gravid females. Interestingly, worms were largely restricted to the aboral portion of the MS, a sheltered region where a concentration of chyme, and thus nutrient availability, likely occurs. Linear distribution differences of gravid female C. cetaceum at increasing intensities suggest that reproductive females occupy chambers according to available space. In summary, the stomach should be considered the main habitat for C. cetaceum. The choice of this habitat is puzzling because other Corynosoma species occur in the intestine, and because the stomach of cetaceans is not an absorptive site.
Descriptors: acanthocephala physiology, dolphins parasitology, helminthiasis, animal parasitology, stomach parasitology, acanthocephala growth and development, biomass, fertility, sex ratio.
Baker, J.R. (1992). Causes of mortality and parasites and incidental lesions in dolphins and whales from British waters. Veterinary Record 130(26): 569-572. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Delphinidae, Cetacea, mortality, disease prevalence, animal diseases, parasitoses, pneumonia, lesions, United Kingdom.
Baker, J.R. and A.R. Martin (1992). Causes of mortality and parasites and incidnetal lesions in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from British waters. Veterinary Record 130(25): 554-558. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Phocoena, mortality, etiology, pathology, postmortem examinations, disease prevalence, parasitoses, lesions, United Kingdom.
Balbuena, J.A., P.E. Asphom, K.I. Andersen, and A. Bjorge (1994). Lung-worms (Nematoda: Pseudaliidae) of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in Norwegian waters: patterns of colonization. Parasitology 108(3): 343-349.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 P21
Descriptors: porpoises, nematoda, aquatic mammals, wild animals, Cetacea, Norway, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, aschelminthes, Europe, Scandinavia, Western Europe, wildlife.
Barrett, T., M. Blixenkrone Moeller, G.D. Guardo, M. Domingo, P. Duignan, A. Hall, L. Mamaev, and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus (1995). Morbilliviruses in aquatic mammals: report on round table discussion. Veterinary Microbiology 44(2-4): 261-265. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: whales, aquatic mammals, morbillivirus, epidemiology, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, Cetacea, mammals, paramyxoviridae, viruses.
Language of Text: Dutch with English summary.
Barrett, T., I.K.G. Visser, L. Mamaev, L. Goatley, M.F. van Bressem, and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus (1993). Dolphin and porpoise morbilliviruses are genetically distinct from phocine distemper virus. Virology 193(2): 1010-1012. ISSN: 0042-6822.
Descriptors: genetics, viral diseases, phocine distemper virus, phocoenidae, dolphins, Phocoena, Cetacea, morbillivirus.
Beck, B.M. and C.D. Rice (2003). Serum antibody levels against select bacterial pathogens in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from Beaufort NC USA and Charleston Harbor, Charleston, SC, USA. Marine Environmental Research 55(2): 161-79. ISSN: 0141-1136.
NAL Call Number: QH545.W3M36
Abstract: Concern over the emergence of zoonotic diseases in marine organisms is growing. In response to this concern, this study set out to measure antibody activities against bacterial pathogens in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, from the coastal estuaries of NC and SC, USA. Individuals from Charleston SC harbor, a heavily industrialized shipping harbor estuary, and from Beaufort NC, a non-shipping estuary, were examined. Purified IgG was obtained from pooled sera using ammonium sulfate precipitation steps and protein-G procedures, which was then used to generate a panel of IgG-specific monoclonal antibodies. Two of these antibodies, mAbs BB-10-2 (IgG1) and BB-32-2 (IgG2b), were then used to determine total serum IgG concentrations using a sandwich capture ELISA. Circulating IgG levels were variable between individuals and between the two pods. MAb BB-10-2 was then used in an indirect ELISA to determine serum antibody activities against several common marine bacteria as well as the human pathogens E. coli and E. coli strain 0157:H7, Vibrio parahemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. cholerae, Mycobacteria marinum, M. fortuitum, and M. chelonae. The highest antibody activities were against mycobacteria, two of which are zoonotic pathogens. Males had the highest antibody activities, thus suggesting low cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens in these individuals. T-cell proliferation in response to Con-A, an indicator of cell-mediated immune function, was then measured in the Beaufort population. Males had the lowest proliferation responses, however a negative correlation between antibody activities and T-cell proliferation in individuals could not be established for either of the Mycobacteria species. Overall, antibody activities against all bacteria, including innocuous species such as V. anguillarum, V. natrigens, and M. xenopi were highly variable between individual dolphins and the two pods, with some animals exhibiting very high activities. These studies suggests that dolphin populations should be monitored by following the health and seroprevalence of pathogens of interest in select individual animals over time.
Descriptors: antibodies, monoclonal immunology, dolphins immunology, gram negative bacteria immunology, antibody specificity, dolphins microbiology, environmental exposure adverse effects, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Escherichia coli immunology, Escherichia coli o157 immunology, marine biology, North Carolina, South Carolina, vibrio classification, vibrio immunology, water pollutants, chemical adverse effects.
Bennett, P.M., P.D. Jepson, R.J. Law, B.R. Jones, T. Kuiken, J.R. Baker, E. Rogan, and J.K. Kirkwood (2001). Exposure to heavy metals and infectious disease mortality in harbour porpoises from England and Wales. Environmental Pollution 112(1): 33-40. ISSN: 0269-7491.
NAL Call Number: QH545.A1E52
Descriptors: diseases, heavy metals, metals, mortality, toxic substances, toxicology, trauma, water pollution, Phocoena.
Beron Vera, B., S.N. Pedraza, J.A. Raga, A.G. de Pertierra, E.A. Crespo, M.K. Alonso, and R.N.P. Goodall (2001). Gastrointestinal helminths of Commerson's dolphins Cephalorhynchus commersonii from central Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 47(3): 201-208. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Descriptors: disease prevalence, epidemiological surveys, geographical distribution, habitats, helminths, parasitoses, species diversity, species richness, Anisakis simplex, Cephalorhynchus, Digenea, Eucestoda, Nematoda, Commerson's dolphins.
Best, P.B. and R.M. McCully (1979). Zygomycosis (phycomycosis) in a right whale (Eubalaena australis). Journal of Comparative Pathology 89(3): 341-348.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: zygomycosis, right whale, phycomycosis, Eubalaena australis.
Bildt, M.W.G.van de, T. Kuiken, and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus (2005). Cetacean morbilliviruses are phylogenetically divergent. Archives of Virology 150(3): 577-83. ISSN: 0304-8608.
NAL Call Number: 448.3 Ar23
Abstract: We performed a phylogenetic comparison of porpoise morbillivirus (PMV) and dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) isolates from porpoises and dolphins respectively according to criteria adopted by the World Health Organization for the phylogenetic comparison of measles viruses. PMV and DMV were more divergent than the most distantly related measles virus strains, thus challenging the classification of PMV and DMV as two strains of a single species, cetacean morbillivirus.
Descriptors: dolphins virology, morbillivirus genetics, porpoises virology, hemagglutinins, viral genetics, morbillivirus classification, morbillivirus isolation and purification, nucleoproteins genetics, phylogeny, species specificity, viral proteins genetics.
Bildt, M.W.G.van de, B.E.E. Martina, B.A. Sidi, and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus (2001). Morbillivirus infection in a bottlenosed dolphin and a Mediterranean monk seal from the Atlantic coast of West Africa. Veterinary Record 148(7): 210-211. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Tursiops truncatus, phocidae, morbillivirus, viral diseases, nucleic acids, viral antigens, amino acid sequences, case reports, Mauritania, Monachus monachus.
Birkun, A.A. (1996). Viruses of whales and dolphins. Mikrobiologichnii Zhurnal 58(5): 100-106.
Descriptors: viral diseases, serology, whales, dolphins, viruses, Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Togaviridae, Picornaviridae, Odontoceti, Tursiops, Stenella, Delphinus.
Birkun, A.A. and E.B. Gol'din (1997). Microphytic algae in cetaceans pathology. Mikrobiologichnii Zhurnal 59(2): 96-105.
Descriptors: marine environment, reviews, parasites, algae, cyanobacteria, mammals, cetaceans.
Birkun Jr., A., T. Kuiken, S. Krivokhizhin, D.M. Haines, A.D.M.E. Osterhaus, M.W.G. van de Bildt, C.R. Joiris, and U. Siebert (1999). Epizootic of morbilliviral disease in common dolphins (Delphinus delphis ponticus) from the Black Sea. Veterinary Record 144(4): 85-92. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: dolphins, morbillivirus, lesions, diagnosis, causes of death, outbreaks, viral antigens, metals, organochlorine compounds, Black Sea.
Blanchard, T.W., N.T. Santiago, T.P. Lipscomb, R.L. Garber, W.E. McFee, and S. Knowles (2001). Two novel alphaherpesviruses associated with fatal disseminated infections in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 37(2): 297-305. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Abstract: Two immature female bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were found stranded on the Atlantic coast of the USA. Necropsy and histopathologic examination of both dolphins demonstrated acute necrotizing lesions in multiple organ systems. Commonly seen in these lesions were cells with enlarged nuclei that contained single 4 to 6 microm diameter homogeneous eosinophilic inclusion bodies that were often surrounded by a clear halo. Ultrastructural examination revealed that intranuclear inclusions contained 90 to 110 nm diameter viral particles with electron-dense cores and hexagonal profiles. Viral particles were also present in the cytoplasm, and these were surrounded by variably electron-dense envelopes. Enveloped virions were 140 nm in diameter. Polymerase chain reactions targeting the DNA polymerase and terminase genes of herpesviruses were carried out on unfixed tissues of both animals, and analysis of the DNA products indicated the presence of two novel alphaherpesviruses. The gross, histologic, ultrastructural, and molecular genetic findings indicate disseminated herpesviral infections, and support the conclusion that the alphaherpesviruses caused the deaths of the two dolphins. This is the first report of disseminated herpesviral infection in cetaceans.
Descriptors: alphaherpesvirinae isolation and purification, dolphins virology, herpesviridae infections, amino acid sequence, animal diseases pathology, animal diseases virology, base sequence, DNA directed DNA polymerase chemistry, herpesviridae infections pathology, microscopy, electron, molecular sequence data, necrosis, phylogeny, polymerase chain reaction.
Blixenkrone Moller, M., G. Bolt, E. Gottschalck, and M. Kenter (1994). Comparative analysis of the gene encoding the nucleocapsid protein of dolphin morbillivirus reveals its distant evolutionary relationship to measles virus and ruminant morbilliviruses. Journal of General Virology 75(10): 2829-2834.
NAL Call Number: QR360.A1J6
Descriptors: dolphins, amino acids, gene expression, distemper virus, phylogeny, proteins, viroses, morbillivirus, nucleotide sequence, Cetacea, evolution, genomes, infectious diseases, mammals, morbillivirus, paramyxoviridae, viruses, phocine distemper virus, viral diseases.
Blixenkrone Moller, M., G. Bolt, E. Gottschalck, and B. Rima. (1995). Comparative genomic analysis of dolphin morbillivirus reveals its distant evolutionary relationship to measles virus and ruminant morbillivirus. Immunobiology of viral infections. Proceedings 3rd Congress of the European Society for Veterinary Virology, September 4, 1994-September 7, 1994, Interlaken, Switzerland, p. 428-431.
Descriptors: nucleotide sequences, polymerase chain reaction, phylogeny, computer software, measles virus, morbillivirus, dolphins.
Bolt, G. (1996). Molecular biological characterization of morbilivirus field isolates. Copenhagen (Denmark). 140 p.
Descriptors: morbillivirus, genetic variation, gene expression, messenger RNA, phosphoproteins, genes, dolphins, acids, cell structure, Cetacea, chromosomes, mammals, nucleic acids, nucleic compounds, nucleus, organic acids, paramyxoviridae, proteins, RNA, viruses.
Notes: Thesis (Ph.D.). Kongelige Veterinaerog Landbohoejskole, Copenhagen (Denmark). Laboratory of Virology and Immunology.
Bolt, G., S. Alexandersen, and M. Blixenkrone Moller (1995). The phosphoprotein gene of a dolphin morbillivirus isolate exhibits genomic variation at the editing site. Journal of General Virology 76(12): 3051-3058.
NAL Call Number: QR360.A1J6
Descriptors: morbillivirus, phosphoproteins, messenger rna, gene expression, viruses, proteins, recombination, distemper virus, nucleotide sequence, acids, genomes, morbillivirus, nucleic acids, nucleic compounds, organic acids, paramyxoviridae, proteins, rna, viruses, phocine distemper virus.
Bolt, G. and M. Blixenkrone Moeller (1994). Nucleic acid hybridization analyses confirm the presence of a hitherto unknown morbillivirus in Mediterranean dolphins. Veterinary Microbiology 41(4): 363-372. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: dolphins, morbillivirus, diagnosis, nucleic acids, acids, Cetacea, mammals, nucleic compounds, organic acids, paramyxoviridae, viruses.
Language of Text: English summary.
Bompar, J.M., F. Dhermain, F. Poitevin, and M. Cheylan (1991). Les dauphins mediterraneeens [Stenella coeruleoalba] victimes d' un virus mortel. [Mediterranean dolphins [Stenella coeruleoalba] fall prey to a fatal virus]. Recherche (231): 506-508. ISSN: 0029-5671.
Descriptors: dolphins, stenella, animal viruses, viroses, epidemics, Mediterranean Sea, Cetacea, dolphins, epidemiology, mammals, marine areas.
Language of Text: French.
Bonar, C.J. and R.A. Wagner (2003). A third report of "golf ball disease" in an Amazon River dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) associated with Streptococcus iniae. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 34(3): 296-301. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Abstract: An Amazon River dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) developed a dermatologic syndrome characterized by the occurrence of slow-growing, nodular, s.c. abscesses. Initial biopsies, cultures, and cytologic analysis of needle aspirates from the abscesses indicated steatitis with probable secondary, gram-negative bacterial infection. Treatment with dietary vitamin E supplement and broad-spectrum antibiotics yielded minimal improvement. Subsequent cultures revealed Streptococcus iniae in addition to several gram-negative bacteria. Vigorous surgical management of the abscesses, including lancing, debridement, and irrigation, combined with antimicrobial therapy specific for Streptococcus and gram-negative organisms, and improvement of the animal's diet and environmental water quality led to gradual recovery. When the animal was ill, it demonstrated an inflammatory leukogram and transient uremia. Streptococcus iniae is a serious pathogen of aquacultured fishes and humans and should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic dermatopathy in river dolphins. Specific antimicrobial therapy, excellent water quality, surgical management of abscesses, and adherence to sanitary protocols should be observed in cases of suspected S. iniae infection in dolphins.
Descriptors: abscess, anti bacterial agents therapeutic use, dolphins microbiology, streptococcal infections, abscess drug therapy, abscess microbiology, abscess surgery, gram negative bacteria isolation and purification, gram negative bacteria pathogenicity, gram negative bacterial infections drug therapy, gram negative bacterial infections pathology, gram negative bacterial infections surgery, gram negative bacterial infections, streptococcal infections drug therapy, streptococcal infections pathology, streptococcal infections surgery, streptococcus isolation and purification, streptococcus pathogenicity, treatment outcome, water standards.
Bossart, G.D., R. Ewing, A.J. Herron, C. Cray, B. Mase, S.J. Decker, J.W. Alexander, and N.H. Altman (1997). Immunoblastic malignant lymphoma in dolphins: histologic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical features. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 9(4): 454-458. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: lymphoma, lymph nodes, dolphins, spleen, histopathology, ultrastructure, immunohistochemistry, case reports, Florida, Mississippi.
Bossart, G.D., S.J. Decker and R.Y. Ewing (2002). Cytopathology of cutaneous viral papillomatosis in the killer whale, Orcinus orca. In: C.J. Pfeiffer (Editor), Molecular and Cell Biology of Marine Mammals, Kreiger Publishing Company: Malabar, p. 213-224. ISBN: 1575240629.
Descriptors: Orcinus orca, viral diseases, papillomatosis, cytopathology.
Bowater, R.O., J. Norton, S. Johnson, B. Hill, P. O' Donoghue, and H. Prior (2003). Toxoplasmosis in Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphins (Sousa chinensis), from Queensland. Australian Veterinary Journal 81(10): 627-632. ISSN: 0005-0423.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: etiology, case reports, clinical aspects, diagnosis, epidemiology, immunohistochemistry, pathology, Cetacea, dolphins, Toxoplasma gondii, dolphins.
Bowenkamp, K.E., S.D.I.A. Frasca Jr., G.J. Tsongalis, C. Koerting, L. Hinckley, S. De Guise, R.J. Montali, C.E. Goertz, D.J. St. Aubin, and J.L. Dunn (2001). Mycobacterium marinum dermatitis and panniculitis with chronic pleuritis in a captive white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) with aortic rupture. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 13(6): 524-30. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Abstract: A 16-year-old female white whale, Delphinapterus leucas, died after nearly 18 months of chronic lymphopenia and pyogranulomatous dermatitis. Necropsy revealed rupture of the aorta with hemorrhage into the cranial mediastinum and between fascial planes of the ventral neck musculature. Multiple foci of ulcerative dermatitis and panniculitis were present across the thorax and abdomen and surrounded the genital folds. In addition, there was a chronic proliferative pleuritis with over 20 liters of histiocytic exudate in the thoracic cavity. Acid-fast bacteria consistent with Mycobacterium sp. were identified in sections of skin lesions and in cytospins of pleural exudate. Cultures of pleura and 1 skin lesion collected at necropsy yielded sparse growth of an acid-fast bacillus with colony characteristics and morphology consistent with Mycobacterium marinum. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis confirmed the presence of M. marinum DNA in samples of skin. This is the first documented occurrence of mycobacteriosis in a white whale and is a unique presentation of mycobacterial dermatitis and panniculitis with chronic pleuritis in a cetacean. The improved PCR-RFLP protocol utilized in this case unifies techniques from several protocols to differentiate between species of Nocardia and rapidly growing mycobacteria clinically relevant to aquatic animals.
Descriptors: aortic rupture, dermatitis, mycobacterium infections, atypical, Mycobacterium marinum isolation and purification, panniculitis, pleural diseases, whales microbiology, chronic disease, DNA, bacterial analysis, dermatitis microbiology, fatal outcome, mycobacterium infections, atypical complications, Mycobacterium marinum pathogenicity, panniculitis microbiology, pleural diseases microbiology, polymerase chain reaction, polymorphism, restriction fragment length.
Brass, I. (2002). Vergleichende bakteriologische Untersuchungen zur Zusammensetzung der Atemwegsflora bei Delphinen (Tursiops truncatus) in verschiedenen Haltungssystemen. [Comparative microbiological investigations on the composition of the respiratory flora in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in different husbandry systems]. 222 p.
NAL Call Number: DISS F2002162
Descriptors: etiology, animal husbandry, microbial flora, respiratory diseases, respiratory system, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Tursiops truncatus, Vibrio.
Brattey, J. and G.B. Stenson (1995). Helminth parasites of the alimentary tract of the harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena (L.), from Newfoundland and Labrador. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 62(2): 209-216. ISSN: 0018-0130.
NAL Call Number: QL392.J68
Descriptors: digestive system, parasites, marine mammals, disease prevalence, helminths, epidemiology, Anisakis simplex, Phocoena, Cetacea, cattle, Newfoundland, Labrador.
Bricker, B.J., D.R. Ewalt, A.P. MacMillan, G. Foster, and S. Brew (2000). Molecular characterization of Brucella strains isolated from marine mammals. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38(3): 1258-62. ISSN: 0095-1137.
NAL Call Number: QR46.J6
Abstract: Recently, gram-negative bacteria isolated from a variety of marine mammals have been identified as Brucella species by conventional phenotypic analysis. This study found the 16S rRNA gene from one representative isolate was identical to the homologous sequences of Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, B. canis, and B. suis. IS711-based DNA fingerprinting of 23 isolates from marine mammals showed all the isolates differed from the classical Brucella species. In general, fingerprint patterns grouped by host species. The data suggest that the marine mammal isolates are distinct types of Brucella and not one of the classical species or biovars invading new host species. In keeping with historical precedent, the designation of several new Brucella species may be appropriate.
Descriptors: brucella genetics, dolphins microbiology, seals, earless microbiology, bacterial typing techniques, base sequence, brucella classification, brucella isolation and purification, Brucella abortus classification, Brucella abortus genetics, Brucella abortus isolation and purification, Brucella melitensis classification, Brucella melitensis genetics, Brucella melitensis isolation and purification, cattle, DNA, ribosomal genetics, dogs, goats, mice, molecular sequence data, polymerase chain reaction methods, rna, ribosomal, 16s genetics, reindeer, rodentia, sheep, swine.
Brosens, L., T. Jauniaux, U. Siebert, H. Benke, and F. Coignoul (1996). Observations on the helminths of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and common guillemots (Uria aalge) from the Belgian and German coasts. Veterinary Record 139(11): 254-257. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Phocoena, Uria aalge, cestoda, nematoda, pentastomida, trematoda, helminthoses, age differences, maturity stage, mortality, pathology, parasitism, incidence, sex differences, Belgium, Germany.
Brown, W.R., J.R. Geraci, B.D. Hicks, and D.J. St. Aubin (1983). Epidermal cell proliferation in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Canadian Journal of Zoology 61(7): 1587-1590. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: dolphin, epidermal cell, proliferation, Tursiops.
Brudnjak, Z. (1995). Epizootije meu tuljanima i dupinima uzrokovane morbilivirusima. [Outbreaks of disease in seals and dolphins caused by morbilliviruses]. Veterinarska Stanica 26(3): 143-148. ISSN: 0350-7149.
Descriptors: morbillivirus, Phocidae, dolphins, seals, phocine distemper virus.
Buck, C., G.P. Paulino, D.J. Medina, G.D. Hsiung, T.W. Campbell, and M.T. Walsh (1993). Isolation of St. Louis encephalitis virus from a killer whale. Clinical and Diagnostic Virology 1(2): 109-112. ISSN: 0928-0197.
Abstract: We report the isolation of St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE) virus from a mature male killer whale (Orcinus orca). This represents the first isolation of SLE virus from a marine mammal. The animal presented with reduced appetite, rapidly became lethargic and subsequently died. Virus-induced CPE was observed in a dolphin cell line, SP-1K (ATCC CCL 78), inoculated with brain, kidney, and lung tissues obtained at necropsy. Electron microscopy of infected SP-1K cells revealed the presence of virions having morphology and size resembling members of the Flaviviridae. Final identification as SLE virus was made by neutralization and immunofluorescence staining tests.
Descriptors: killer whale, St. Louis encephalitis virus, isolation, electron microscopy, cell line, immunofluorescence staining.
Byard, R.W., J.D. Gilbert, S.E. Gibbs, and C.M. Kemper (2003). Cetacean cafe coronary. Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine 10(2): 85-88. ISSN: 1353-1131.
Abstract: The carcass of a young adult male Indian Ocean Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops cf aduncus) was found floating in an estuary near Adelaide, South Australia. An autopsy revealed that death had been caused by obstruction of the upper aerodigestive tract by a 660 mm Cobbler Carpetshark (Sutorectus tentaculatus). Similar airway obstruction in humans while feeding has been termed cafe coronary syndrome. Although death may have merely resulted from over-enthusiastic feeding, the possibility of neurological impairment was considered, and limited toxicological analyses of tissues was undertaken. No increase in organochlorine pesticides was found, however the possibility of heavy metal poisoning was not excluded. Formal neuropathology was unable to be undertaken. When sudden death in other mammal species mimics cases that are found in humans, similar underlying mechanisms may be present.
Descriptors: Indian Ocean, bottlenose dolphin, autopsy, obstruction, upper aerodigestuve tract, airway obstruction, death.
Cabezon, O., E. Obon, F. Alegre, S. Pont, and M. Domingo (2000). Interpretation of skin lesions in stranded cetaceans. European Research on Cetaceans 14: 263-264. ISSN: 1028-3412.
Descriptors: Cetacea, skin, parasites diseases and disorders, injuries, Mediterranean Sea, west, skin lesions interpretation, stranded individuals.
Cabezon, O., A.R. Resendes, M. Domingo, J.A. Raga, C. Agusti, F. Alegre, J.L. Mons, J.P. Dubey, and S. Almeria (2004). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild dolphins from the Spanish Mediteranean coast. Journal of Parasitology 90(3): 643-644. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: Delphinidae, Phocoenidae, Toxoplasma gondii, seroprevalence, antibodies, antibody detection, agglutination tests, dolphins, infection, toxoplasmosis, Spain, Mediterranean Sea.
Calle, P.P., D.E. Kenny, and R.A. Cook (1993). Successful treatment of suspected Erysipelas septicemia in a beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas). Zoo Biology 12(5): 483-490. ISSN: 0733-3188.
NAL Call Number: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Delphinapterus leucas, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, medical treatment, beluga, whale, treatment.
Carrasquillo Casado, B., M. Alsina Guerrero, M.A. Cardona Maldonado, E.H. Williams Jr., and A.A. Mignucci Giannoni (2002). Fatal pneumonia and pleuritis caused by an agujon beak penetration in a bottlenose dolphin from Puerto Rico. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 14(1): 65-67. ISSN: 0899-7659.
NAL Call Number: SH171.J68
Descriptors: beak, case reports, foreign bodies, histopathology, lungs, mortality, pneumonia, dolphins, Tursiops truncatus.
Cartee, R.E., R. Tarpley, K. Mahoney, S.H. Ridgway, and P.L. Johnson (1995). A case of cystic adrenal disease in a common dolphin (Delphinus delphis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 26(2): 293-297. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Descriptors: ultrasonography, case reports, adrenal glands, histopathology, adrenal gland diseases, delphinus, Odontoceti.
Cebrian, D. (1995). The striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba epizootic in Greece, 1991-1992. Biological Conservation 74(2): 143-145.
NAL Call Number: S900.B5
Descriptors: stenella, wild animals, Greece, dolphins, Cetacea, aquatic mammals, Mediterranean Sea, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, Balkans, Cetacea, dolphins, Europe, marine areas, Mediterranean countries, Southern Europe, Western Europe, wildlife, Stenella coeruleoalba, delphinidae, marine mammals, dolphin morbillivirus disease.
Choi, Y.K., M.S. Kang, H.R. Sohn, and D.Y. Kim (2003). Disseminated ciliated protozoan infection in a Pacific dolphin (Tursiops gilli). Veterinary Record 153(23): 714-715. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Tursiops, protozoal infections, Ciliophora, skin lesions, skin, case studies, dermatitis, inflammation, lungs, liver, lymph nodes, zoo animals, symptoms, disease course, histopathology, hepatitis, pneumonia, lymphadenitis, Tursiops gilli, Kyaroikeus cetarius.
Clavareau, C., V. Wellemans, K. Walravens, M. Tryland, J.M. Verger, M. Grayon, A. Cloeckaert, J.J. Letesson, and J. Godfroid (1998). Phenotypic and molecular characterization of a Brucella strain isolated from a minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata). Microbiology (Reading) 144(12): 3267-3273.
NAL Call Number: QR1.J64
Descriptors: brucella, whales, Cetacea, wild animals, bacteria, Cetacea, mammals, wildlife, mysticeti, balaenopteridae.
Cloeckaert, A., J.M. Verger, M. Grayon, J.Y. Paquet, B. Garin Bastuji, G. Foster, and J. Godfroid (2001). Classification of Brucella spp. isolated from marine mammals by DNA polymorphism at the omp2 locus. Microbes and Infection 3(9): 729-38. ISSN: 1286-4579.
NAL Call Number: QR180.M53
Abstract: A number of recent reports have described the isolation and characterization of Brucella strains from a wide variety of marine mammals such as seals, porpoises, dolphins and a minke whale. These strains were identified as brucellae by conventional typing tests. However, their overall characteristics were not assimilable to those of any of the six currently recognized Brucella species and it was suggested that they comprise a new nomen species to be called Brucella maris. In the present study we analysed DNA polymorphism at the omp2 locus of 33 marine mammal Brucella strains isolated from seals, dolphins, porpoises and an otter. The omp2 locus contains two gene copies (named omp2a and omp2b) coding for porin proteins and has been found particularly useful for molecular typing and identification of Brucella at the species, biovar, or strain level. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequencing showed that strains isolated from dolphins and porpoises carry two omp2b gene copies instead of one omp2a and one omp2b gene copy or two similar omp2a gene copies reported in the currently recognized species. This observation was also recently made for a minke whale Brucella isolate. The otter and all seal isolates except one were shown to carry one omp2a and one omp2b gene copy as encountered in isolates from terrestrial mammals. By PCR-RFLP of the omp2b gene, a specific marker was detected grouping the marine mammal Brucella isolates. Although marine mammal Brucella isolates may represent a separate group from terrestrial mammal isolates based on omp2b sequence constructed phylogenetic trees, the divergence found between their omp2b and also between their omp2a nucleotide sequences indicates that they form a more heterogeneous group than isolates from terrestrial mammals. Therefore, grouping the marine mammal Brucella isolates into one species Brucella maris seems inappropriate unless the currently recognized Brucella species are grouped. With respect to the current classification of brucellae according to the preferential host, brucellae isolated from such diverse marine mammal species as seals and dolphins could actually comprise more than one species, and at least two new species, B. pinnipediae and B. cetaceae, could be compatible with the classical criteria of host preferentialism and DNA polymorphism at their omp2 locus.
Descriptors: bacterial outer membrane proteins genetics, brucella classification, dolphins microbiology, otters microbiology, porpoises microbiology, seals, earless microbiology, brucella genetics, brucella isolation and purification, brucellosis microbiology, brucellosis, DNA, bacterial analysis, DNA, bacterial genetics, molecular sequence data, phylogeny, polymerase chain reaction, polymorphism, genetic genetics, polymorphism, restriction fragment length, seawater, sequence analysis.
Colgrove, G.S. (1978). Suspected transportation-associated myopathy in a dolphin. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 173(9): 1121-3. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Abstract: A pacific bottle-nosed dolphin became depressed and immobile following 22.5 hours of transportation. Creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were increased, suggesting muscle damage. Though a definitive diagnosis was not reached, the condition in the dolphin was similar to that of capture myopathy in wild terrestrial animals.
Descriptors: dolphins, muscular diseases, transportation, muscular diseases blood, muscular diseases etiology, swimming.
Conti, J.A. and R.K. Frohlich (1984). Gastrointestinal parasitism in pygmy killer whales. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 51(2): 364-365. ISSN: 0018-0130.
Descriptors: trematoda, anisakis, cestoda, whales, Florida, parasitism, pygmy killer whales, gastrointestinal.
Cordes, D.O. (1982). Dolphins and their diseases. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 30(4): 46-49. ISSN: 0048-0169.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 N483
Abstract: Thirty-eight species of small cetaceans termed dolphins and porpoises are listed. This review is a contribution to the growing community and veterinary interest in the welfare and diseases of these animals.
Descriptors: cetaceans, diseases, review, welfare, species, dolphins, porpoises.
Cordes, D.O. and P.J. O'Hara (1979). Diseases of captive marine mammals. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 27(7): 147-150.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 N483
Descriptors: diseases, marine mammals, captive, New Zealand.
Corpa, J.M., B. Peris, V. Ribes, J. Palacio, and F. Liste (2004). Hydrocephalus in a newborn bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Veterinary Record 155(7): 208-210. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: bottlenose dolphin, newborn, hydrocephalus, Tursiops truncatus.
Costa, G., J.C. Chubb, and C.J. Veltkamp (2000). Cystacanths of Bolbosoma vasculosum in the black scabbard fish Aphanopus carbo, oceanic horse mackerel Trachurus picturatus and common dolphin Delphinus delphis from Madeira, Portugal. Journal of Helminthology 74: 113-120. ISSN: 0022-149X.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 J82
Descriptors: bolbosoma, occurrence, marine fishes, trachurus, delphinus, Portugal.
Crichton, P.B., M.S. Henry, and D.C. Old (2000). Strain discrimination of a novel serotype of Salmonella from harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) by molecular techniques. Veterinary Microbiology 76(1): 61-69. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: Phocoena, Salmonella, serotypes, strains, strain differences, identification, antigens, biochemical markers, disease transmission, Scotland.
Cruickshank, J.J., D.M. Haines, N.C. Palmer, and D.J. St Aubin (1990). Cysts of a toxoplasma-like organism in an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin. Canadian Veterinary Journal 31(3): 213-215. ISSN: 0008-5286.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 R3224
Descriptors: Tursiops truncatus, Toxoplasma gondii, cysts, liver, adrenal glands, case reports, Florida.
Dabin, W., C. Cesarini, I. Clemenceau, F. Dhermain, T. Jauniaux, and O.R.V. van Canneyt (2004). Double-faced monster in the bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) found in the Mediterranean sea. Veterinary Record 154(10): 306-308. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: bottlenose dolphin, double faced, Mediterranean Sea, Tursiops truncatus.
Dailey, M.D., F.M.D. Gulland, L.J. Lowenstine, P. Silvagni, and D. Howard (2000). Prey, parasites and pathology associated with the mortality of a juvenile gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) stranded along the northern California coast. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 42(2): 111-117. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Descriptors: ectoparasites, electrolytes, hematocrit, hematology, hemosiderosis, helminths, hypoglycaemia, parasites, pathology, prey, Amphipoda, Anisakis simplex, Bolbosoma, Cetacea, Trematoda, whales.
Dans, S.L., L.M. Reyes, S.N. Pedraza, J.A. Raga, and E.A. Crespo (1999). Gastrointestinal helminths of the dusky dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obscurus (Gray, 1828), off Patagonia, in the southwestern Atlantic. Marine Mammal Science 15(3): 649-660.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: stomach, intestines, marine mammals, wild animals, helminths, disease prevalence, epidemiology, ecology, localization, duodenum, parasites, Lagenorhynchus, Anisakis simplex.
Dawson, C.E., L.L. Perrett, N.J. Davison, S. Quinney, and V. Simpson (2004). Brucella species infection in marine mammals off the Cornish coast. Veterinary Record 155(1): 32. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: brucella isolation and purification, brucellosis, Cetacea microbiology, seals, earless microbiology, animals, wild microbiology, brucellosis blood, brucellosis epidemiology, brucellosis etiology, dolphins microbiology, porpoises microbiology, Scotland epidemiology.
De Guise, S., A. Lagace, and P. Beland (1994). Gastric papillomas in eight St. Lawrence beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 6(3): 385-388. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: Delphinapterus leucas, papillomas, papillomavirus, stomach, histopathology, Canada.
De Guise, S., A. Lagace, and P. Beland (1994). Tumors in St. Lawrence beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas). Veterinary Pathology 31(4): 444-449. ISSN: 0300-9858.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P27
Descriptors: Delphinapterus leucas, neoplasms, disease prevalence, rivers, contaminants, water pollution, carcinogens, Canada, St. Lawrence River.
De Guise, S., A. Lagace, C. Girard, and P. Beland (1993). Intramuscular Sarcocystis in two beluga whales and an Atlantic white-sided dolphin from the St. Lawrence estuary, Quebec, Canada. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 5(2): 296-300. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: Delphinapterus leucas, sarcocystis, lagenorhynchus, Quebec.
De Guise, S., A.B.P. Lagace, C. Girard, and R. Higgins (1995). Non-neoplastic lesions in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) and other marine mammals from the St. Lawrence estuary. Journal of Comparative Pathology 112(3): 257-271. ISSN: 0021-9975.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J82
Abstract: In a 3-year (1988-1990) pathological study, 24 carcasses of beluga whales from the St Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada, showed numerous severe lesions, many of which had never been reported in cetaceans. The most common lesions were found in the digestive tract (21 animals) and consisted mainly of periodontitis and of erosions and ulcers in the oesophagus and the first two gastric compartments. Pneumonia, usually of parasitic origin, was also a common finding (12 animals). The adrenal glands often contained nodules (five animals) or cysts (seven animals), and mastitis was observed in five females. Overall, the incidence of degenerative, infectious, hyperplastic or necrotic lesions, in addition to numerous neoplasms described in another paper, was considerably higher than that found in marine mammals elsewhere or in other species of marine mammal from the same waters.
Descriptors: blood and lymphatics, transport and circulation, dental and oral system, ingestion and assimilation, digestive system, ingestion and assimilation, freshwater ecology, ecology, environmental sciences, infection, pathology, pollution assessment control and management, respiratory system, respiration, toxicology, wildlife management, conservation, bacterial infection, gastric ulcer, mastitis, necrosis, periodontitis, pneumonia, toxicology, water pollution.
De Guise, S., P.S. Ross, A.D.M.E. Osterhaus, D. Martineau, P. Beland, and M. Fournier (1997). Immune functions in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas): evaluation of natural killer cell activity. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 58(3-4): 345-354. ISSN: 0165-2427.
NAL Call Number: SF757.2.V38
Descriptors: Delphinapterus leucas, immune system, natural killer cells, activity, defense mechanisms, viruses, infections, neoplasms, biochemical techniques, chromium, isotope labeling, flow cytometry, assays, cell lines, interleukin 2, ratios.
Demaree Jr., R.S., R.L. Critchfield, and S.P. Tinling (1997). Oschmarinella macrorchis sp. n. (Digenea: Campulidae) from the liver sinuses of a beaked whale, Mesoplodon stejnegeri (Cetacea: Ziphiidae). Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 64(2): 183-187. ISSN: 0018-0130.
NAL Call Number: QL392.J68
Descriptors: liver, sinuses, marine mammals, new species, taxonomy, morphology, parasites, helminths, campulidae, Cetacea, Digenea, beaked whale.
Devaraj, M. and P.S. Bennet (1976). Occurrence of Xenobalanus globicipitis (Steenstrup) on the finless black porpoise, Neomeris Phocoenoides in Indian seas. Note. Indian Journal of Fisheries 21(2): 579-581. ISSN: 0537-2003.
NAL Call Number: SH299.I5
Descriptors: finless black porpoise, Xenobalanus globicipitis, Neomeris phocoenoides, Indian Seas.
Language of Text: English summary.
Dhermain, F., J.M. Bompar, G. Chappuis, M. Folacci, and F. Poitevin (1994). Epizootie a Morbillivirus chez les dauphins bleu-et-blanc Stenella coeruleoalba en Mediterranee. Epizootia por Morbillivirus en los delfines azul-y-blanco: Stenella coeruleoalba en el Mediterraneo. [The Morbillivirus epidemic of the strip dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba in the Mediterranean sea]. Recueil De Medecine Veterinaire 170(2-3): 85-92. ISSN: 0034-1843.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 R24
Descriptors: stenella, viroses, morbillivirus, epidemics, environmental factors, Mediterranean Sea, Cetacea, dolphins, epidemiology, infectious diseases, mammals, marine areas, paramyxoviridae, viruses.
Language of Text: English, French and Spanish summaries.
Di Beneditto, A.P.M. and R.M.A. Ramos (2004). Biology of the marine tucuxi dolphin (Sotalia fluviatilis) in south-eastern Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84(6): 1245-1250. ISSN: 0025-3154.
NAL Call Number: 442.9 M331
Abstract: Age, growth and reproductive parameters related to the marine tucuxi are presented, as well as feeding habits and parasitism. The specimens' age ranged from zero (newborn) to 21 years for males and 0.5 to 30 years for females. In relation to the body dimension, length distributions were bell-shaped for both sexes with male marine tucuxi ranging from 86.0 to 200.0 cm in length and females from 117.5 to 198.0 cm. The body length of new-born and calves varied between 86.0 to 117.5 cm and the postnatal growth curve an asymptotic reached length of 191.0 cm. According to the relationship between age, body length and reproductive characteristics, male and female specimens were considered sexually mature when >=6 years and body length >= 180.0 cm and >= 6 years and body length >= 160.0 cm, respectively. Males and females up to six years old represented around 80% of the captures, indicating a bias towards Juveniles and individuals that have yet to reach sexual maturity. The youngest specimen with solid contents in the stomach was 119.0 cm in length and seven months old. The marine tucuxi feeds on neritic prey, preferentially on the teleost fishes Trichiurus lepturus and Porichthys porossisimus, and on the cephalopods Loligo sanpaulensis and L. plei. Back calculation of prey lengths indicated that fish ranged from 1.2 to 106.9 cm and cephalopods from 3.4 to 22.2 cm. The barnacle Xenobalanus globicipitis was recorded attaching to the caudal fin and the helminths Braunina cordiformis, Anisakis typica, Halocercus brasiliensis and Nasitrema sp. were found in the internal organs.
Descriptors: Sotalia fluviatilis, south Atlantic, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, biology.
Di Guardo, G., U. Agrimi, D. Amaddeo, M. McAliskey, and S. Kennedy (1992). Morbillivirus infection in a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) from the coast of Italy. Veterinary Record 130(26): 579-580. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Stenella coeruleoalba, morbillivirus, viral diseases, mortality, case reports, Italy.
Di Guardo, G., S. Bilei, R. Fischetti, and S. Saccares (1990). Parassitosi spontanea multipla da Phyllobothrium delphini (Bosc, 1802) e Monorygma grimaldii (Moniez, 1889) in un delfino (Stenella coeruleoalba). [Simultaneous occurrence of Phyllobothrium delphini (Bosc, 1802) and Monorygma grimaldii (Moniez, 1889) in a dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba)]. Obiettivi E Documenti Veterinari 11(11): 59-61. ISSN: 0392-1913.
Descriptors: dolphins, stomach, kidneys, muscles, hemorrhage, diagnosis, parasitoses, postmortem examination, trematoda, animal morphology, biological analysis, Cetacea, circulatory disorders, digestive system, disorders, functional disorders, histocytological analysis, mammals, musculoskeletal system, platyhelminthes, urinary tract, urogenital system.
Language of Text: English and Italian summaries.
Di Guardo, G., G. Marruchella, M. Affronte, V. Zappulli, and C. Benazzi (2005). Heterotopic kidney tissue in the lung of a free-living common dolphin (Delphinus delphis). Veterinary Pathology 42(2): 213-214. ISSN: 0300-9858.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P27
Abstract: A spontaneous case of renal heterotopia involving the lung parenchyma of a free-living, adult, female common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), which was found stranded alive on the North Adriatic Sea coast of Italy, is reported in this study. The lesion, slightly visible from the macroscopic point of view, had the histologic appearance of a "foreign tissue island," which was poorly demarcated from the surrounding pulmonary tissue. Within Such an island, several regularly shaped and apparently mature kidney glomeruli and tubules could be observed, with no evidence of secondary tissue reaction. To the best of our knowledge, this should be the first description of heterotopic kidney tissue Occurrence in the lung of any domestic or wild animal species.
Descriptors: Delphinus delphis, diseases and disorders, renal heterotopia, Mediterranean Sea, Adriatic Sea, intrapulmonary heterotopic kidney tissue, case report.
Di Guardo, G., G. Marruchella, U. Agrimi, and S. Kennedy (2005). Morbillivirus infections in aquatic mammals: a brief overview. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 52(2): 88-93. ISSN: 0931-184X.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Z5
Abstract: Since 1987, at least eight morbillivirus infection (MI) epidemics have caused mass mortality of several free-living pinniped and cetacean populations around the world. The responsible agents, all belonging to the genus Morbillivirus (family Paramyxoviridae), have been characterized as either 'canine distemper virus' strains, infecting pinnipeds, or as three new morbilliviruses, namely 'phocid (phocine) distemper virus', 'porpoise morbillivirus' and 'dolphin morbillivirus'. The last two agents are currently gathered under the common denomination of 'cetacean morbillivirus'. At post-mortem examination, a commonly occurring macroscopic lesion is represented by more or less severe bilateral pneumonia, with consolidation, congestion and oedema of both lungs, which fail to collapse. Histologically, a non-suppurative broncho-interstitial pneumonia, characterized by type II pneumocyte hyperplasia and by formation of endobronchial, endobronchiolar and endoalveolar 'Warthin-Finkeldey type' syncytia, as well as a multifocal, non-suppurative encephalitis, associated with a severe and generalized lymphoid tissue depletion, are common pathological findings. Furthermore, eosinophilic viral inclusions are often detected, at both the intracytoplasmic and intranuclear level, within bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial, pulmonary syncytial, neuronal and other cell types. These inclusions, along with lymphoid and other cellular elements, are often found to be immunohistochemically positive for morbillivirus antigen. Among the still debated, or even controversial issues regarding MI in sea mammals, the one related to the origin of their causative agents is of particular concern. Another intriguing issue regards the synergistic effects, if any, associated with chronic exposure to a number of environmental pollutants, such as organochlorines and heavy metals. In fact, it is also unknown whether and how these chemicals contribute towards modulating the pathogenic and pathogenetic activity primarily displayed by sea mammal morbilliviruses.
Descriptors: mammalia, literature review, morbillivirus infections in aquatic taxa, viral diseases, morbillivirus infections, transmission of viruses, morbilliviruses, aquatic taxa, brief overview.
Domingo, M. (1992). Morbillivirus nei delfini. [The morbillivirus in the dolphins]. Selezione Veterinaria 33(7): 657-658. ISSN: 0037-1521.
Descriptors: dolphins, viroses, morbillivirus, microbiological analysis, diagnosis, lesions, postmortem examination, veterinary services, biological analysis, Cetacea, histocytological analysis, mammals, paramyxoviridae, professional services, services, viruses.
Domingo, M., M. Vilafranca, J. Visa, N. Prats, A. Trudgett, and I. Visser (1995). Evidence for chronic morbillivirus infection in the Mediterranean striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba). Veterinary Microbiology 44(2-4): 229-239. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: dolphins, morbillivirus, Mediterranean Sea, Cetacea, mammals, marine areas, paramyxoviridae, viruses.
Language of Text: English summary.
Domingo, M. and J. Visa (1994). Epizootia por morbillivirus en el delfin listado (Stenella coeruleoalba) del mar Mediterraneo. [Epizooty of morbillivirus in the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) of the Mediterranean sea]. Medicina Veterinaria 11(10): 538-555. ISSN: 0212-8292.
Abstract: En el verano de 1990 una enfermedad epizootica comenzo a afectar a los delfines listados (Stenella coeruleoalba) del mar Mediterraneo. La epizootia se inicio aparentemente en la ultima semana de julio frente a las costas de la Comunidad Valenciana y de Baleares, extendiendose hacia la primera semana de agosto a las costas catalanas, murcianas y andaluzas. El numero de delfines varados en la costa catalana desde agosto de 1990 hasta finales de 1992 fue de 163. Los estudios anatomopatologicos realizados sobre 70 delfines demostraron que un morbillivirus fue la causa primaria de la epizootia. Las lesiones macroscopicas y microscopicas se hallaron sobre todo en pulmon, sistema nervioso, organos linfoides. Mediante tecnicas de inmunocitoquimica con un anticuerpo monoclonal frente al virus del moquillo de la foca se demostro antigeno del morbillivirus asociado a las lesiones histologicas. El virus responsable fue aislado a partir de tejidos de delfines muertos en la epizootia. Los resultados obtenidos por diferentes laboratorios indican que se trata de un morbillivirus muy semejante al que afecto a marsopas en el ano 1988, y ligeramente diferente del que afecto a focas ese mismo ano. En este trabajo se discuten las diferentes hipotesis avanzadas para explicar la causa de la mortandad.
Descriptors: stenella, morbillivirus, viroses, epidemics, histopathology, lesions, postmortem examination, statistical analysis, Mediterranean Sea, biological analysis, Cetacea, dolphins, epidemiology, histocytological analysis, infectious diseases, mammals, marine areas, paramyxoviridae, pathology, viruses.
Language of Text: English and Japanese summaries.
Domingo, M. (2002). Immunocytochemical studies of morbillivirus infection in striped dolphins. In: C.J. Pfeiffer (Editor), Molecular and Cell Biology of Marine Mammals, Kreiger Publishing Company: Malabar, p. 173-177. ISBN: 1575240629.
Descriptors: Stenella coeruleoalba, viral diseases, dolphin morbillivirus, infection immunocytochemical study, Mediterranean Sea, Spain, Catalonia, viral disease infection immunocytochemical study.
Dubey, J.P., J.S. Eggers, and T.P. Lipscomb (2002). Intestinal coccidiosis in a spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris). Journal of Parasitology 88(3): 634-637. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Descriptors: stenella, coccidia, coccidiosis, new host records, small intestine, intestinal mucosa, lesions, histopathology, developmental stages, schizonts, merozoites, oocysts, Hawaii, gamonts, unsporulated oocysts.
Dubey, J.P., R. Zarnke, N.J. Thomas, S.K. Wong, W. Van Bonn, M. Briggs, J.W. Davis, R. Ewing, M. Mense, O.C.H. Kwok, S. Romand, and P. Thulliez (2003). Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis neurona, and Sarcocystis canis-like infections in marine mammals. Veterinary Parasitology 116(4): 275-296. ISSN: 0304-4017.
NAL Call Number: SF810.V4
Descriptors: Neospora caninum, Sarcocystis, Toxoplasma gondii, mammalian hosts, Carnivora and Cetacea, marine taxa, north Atlantic and north Pacific, USA, prevalence.
Duignan, P.J., J.R. Geraci, J.A. Raga, and N. Calzada (1992). Pathology of morbillivirus infection in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) from Valencia and Murcia, Spain. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 56(3): 242-248. ISSN: 0830-9000.
NAL Call Number: SF601.C24
Descriptors: Stenella coeruleoalba, morbillivirus, pneumonia, brain, lesions, lungs, histopathology, Spain, syncytia.
Duignan, P.J., C. House, J.R. Geraci, N. Duffy, B.K. Rima, M.T. Walsh, G. Early, D.J. St. Aubin, S. Sadove, H. Koopman, and H. Rhinehart (1995). Morbillivirus infection in cetaceans of the western Atlantic. Veterinary Microbiology 44(2-4): 241-249. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: Cetacea, morbillivirus, immunoprecipitation tests, immunology, Western Atlantic, Atlantic Ocean, immunological techniques, mammals, marine areas, paramyxoviridae, viruses.
Language of Text: English summary.
Duignan, P.J., C. House, D.K. Odell, R.S. Wells, L.J. Hansen, M.T. Walsh, D.J. St. Aubin, B.K. Rima, and J.R. Geraci (1996). Morbillivirus infection in bottlenose dolphins: evidence for recurrent epizootics in the western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. Marine Mammal Science 12(4): 499-515.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: epidemiology, wild animals, viral diseases, Cetacea, Tursiops truncatus, morbillivirus, dolphins, Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, epizootics.
Durbin, E., G. Teegarden, R. Campbell, A. Cembella, M.F. Baumgartner, and B.R. Mate (2002). North Atlantic right whales, Eubalaena glacialis, exposed to paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins via a zooplankton vector, Calanus finmarchicus. Harmful Algae 1(3): 243-251. ISSN: 1568-9883.
Descriptors: aquatic plants, endangered species, feeding behavior, fish poisons, ingestion, neurotoxins, paralytic shellfish poisoning, phytoplankton, piscicidal plants, reproduction, respiration, toxicity, toxins, wild animals, zooplankton, algae, Cetacea, Dinophyta, plants, whales.
Estep, J.S., R.E. Baumgartner, F. Townsend, D.A. Pabst, W.A. McLellan, A. Friedlaender, D.G. Dunn, and T.P. Lipscomb (2005). Malignant seminoma with metastasis, Sertoli cell tumor, and pheochromocytoma in a spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) and malignant seminoma with metastasis in a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Veterinary Pathology 42(3): 357-359. ISSN: 0300-9858.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 P27
Abstract: Seminoma with metastasis was diagnosed in a spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) and an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Sertoli cell tumor and pheochromocytoma were also diagnosed in the spotted dolphin. The spotted and bottlenose dolphins were adult males that stranded and died on the coasts of northwest Florida and southeast North Carolina, respectively. Neoplasia is infrequently reported in cetaceans. This is the first report of seminoma, Sertoli cell tumor, and pheochromocytoma in a dolphin, the first report of three distinct neoplasms in a dolphin, and one of the few reports of malignant neoplasia in dolphins.
Descriptors: dolphins, neoplasia, seminoma, metastasis, Florida, North Carolina, malignant, sertoli cell, tumor.
Ewalt, D.R., J.B. Payeur, B.M. Martin, D.R. Cummins, and W.G. Miller (1994). Characteristics of a Brucella species from a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 6(4): 448-452. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: Tursiops truncatus, brucella, brucellosis, abortion, fetus, characteristics, new species.
Ewing, R., J. Zaias, M.A. Stamper, G.D. Bossart, and J.P. Dubey (2002). Prevalence of Sarcocystis sp. in stranded Atlantic white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus acutus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38(2): 291-296. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: clinical aspects, disease prevalence, epidemiology, Lagenorhynchus, Sarcocystis.
Ewing, R.Y. and A.A. Mignucci Giannoni (2003). A poorly differentiated pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma in a free-ranging Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 15(2): 162-5. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Abstract: A free-ranging, adult, female offshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) was found freshly dead in 1999 on Ocean Park Beach in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The left-lung and right-lung pleura had multiple white, firm-to-hard nodules with coagulative necrosis. Histologically, the neoplasms were characterized by multiple well-circumscribed, nonencapsulated expansile masses consisting mostly of polygonal cells with fewer circumferential flattened basaloid cells that compressed alveoli, bronchioles, and bronchi. Neoplastic cells stained positive for cytokeratin, with sporadic vimentin staining, and were negative for epithelial membrane antigen, thyroid transcription factor-1, calretinin, and human mesothelial cell antigen. A diagnosis of poorly differentiated pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma with lymph node and renal metastases was made on the basis of histomorphology and immunohistochemical staining. This is the first documentation of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma in a dolphin.
Descriptors: carcinoma, squamous cell pathology, carcinoma, squamous cell, dolphins, lung neoplasms pathology, lung neoplasms, animals, wild, lung pathology.
Faulkner, J., L.N. Measures, and F.G. Whoriskey (1998). Stenurus minor (Metastrongyloidea: Pseudaliidae) infections of the cranial sinuses of the harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76(7): 1209-1216. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: infections, sinuses, age differences, parasites, helminths, Phocoenidae, cranial sinuses, Stenurus.
Language of Text: French.
Fei, A.C.Y., D.S. Lin, T.M. Wu, P.H. Mar, and Y.M. Pong (2004). Endoparasites of cetaceans stranded along coasts of Taiwan and Penghu. Bioformosa 39(2): 49-53. ISSN: 1684-0925.
Abstract: We surveyed the parasites on 16 species of 205 dead whales and dolphins stranded along the coasts of Taiwan and Penghu. Eighty four specimens (41%) representing 15 species had endoparasitic infections. Helminthes included 2 genera of acanthocephalans, 3 genera of cestodes, 4 genera of nematodes, and 4 genera of trematodes. The worms were isolated from stomach, intestines, liver, fat tissue, or frontal sinus of the cetaceans. The highest infection rates were by nematodes, Anisakis sp., in 60 cetaceans (29.3%); followed by cestodes Phyllobothrium sp. in 14 (6.8%). Among the parasites, the nematodes Anisakis sp. and Pseudoterranova sp. (1.5%), and the acanthocephalans Bolbosoma sp. (2.9%) are important zoonoses. Anisakis sp., especially, are of public health importance because of the high rates of infection. The prevalence of Anisakis sp. larval infection among 10 species of sea-water fishes (10 fish in each species) was as high as 54%. This is the first record of endoparasite biodiversity among the diverse assemblage of cetaceans from Taiwan and Penghu.
Descriptors: Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, mammalian hosts, Cetacea, endoparasites of stranded hosts, north Pacific, Taiwan and Penghu Island, endoparasites of stranded mammalian hosts, survey.
Fernandez, M., C. Agusti, F.J. Aznar, and J.A. Raga (2003). Gastrointestinal helminths of Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus from the Western Mediterranean. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 55(1): 73-6. ISSN: 0177-5103.
Abstract: The gastrointestinal helminth fauna of 17 Risso's dolphins Grampus griseus (Cuvier, 1812) from the Western Mediterranean was analysed. Five helminth species were found. Adults and juveniles of Hadwenius delamurei were collected from the duodenum of 7 animals. Adults were located significantly more anteriorly than juveniles, which is compatible with a previous hypothesis that species of Hadwenius undergo an ontogenetic migration towards the anterior duodenum. Eggs from Pholeter gastrophilus appeared in 1 small cyst in the main stomach. Adults of Tetrabothrius forsteri and Trigonocotyle globicephalae were collected from the duodenum of 1 and 4 individuals, respectively. Metacestodes, Scolex pleuronectis, were found in the liver, pancreas, pyloric stomach and intestine of 13 individuals. The most favored locations were in the mucosa of the terminal colon and in anal crypts. It is likely that worms select these locations to reach the mesenteries and blubber of the anogenital area, where S. pleuronectis might become Monorygma and/or Phyllobothrium. Two individuals of Stenurus globicephalae occurred in the intestine of 1 individual, and were probably swallowed accidentally. The intestinal helminth communities of Risso's dolphin are depauperate. The parasite species found also occur in other oceanic cetaceans from the Western Mediterranean. However, H. delamurei and T. globicephalae are only shared with pilot whales Globicephala spp., which are phylogenetically closely related to Risso's dolphins.
Descriptors: dolphins parasitology, gastrointestinal diseases, helminthiasis, animal epidemiology, helminths isolation and purification, gastrointestinal diseases epidemiology, gastrointestinal diseases parasitology, gastrointestinal diseases pathology, helminthiasis, animal pathology, helminths classification, helminths growth and development, Mediterranean Sea, parasite egg count, Spain epidemiology.
Fernandez, M., F.J. Aznar, F.E. Montero, B.B. Georgiev, and J.A. Raga (2004). Gastrointestinal helminths of Cuvier's beaked whales, Ziphius cavirostris, from the western Mediterranean. Journal of Parasitology 90(2): 418-20. ISSN: 0022-3395.
NAL Call Number: 448.8 J824
Abstract: We examined the gastrointestinal helminth fauna of 2 Cuvier's beaked whales, Ziphius cavirostris, stranded on the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Information regarding intestinal parasites of this species is provided for the first time. Six helminth taxa were identified. Thirty type II larvae of the nematode Anisakis sp. were found in the stomach and the intestine of both hosts; 2 type I larvae of Anisakis sp. were found in the intestine of 1 host. One juvenile of the acanthocephalan Bolbosoma vasculosum was found in the intestine; the metacestode Scolex pleuronectis was found mainly in the terminal colon and the anal crypts of both hosts; adult cestodes of Tetrabothrius sp., which may represent a new species, were collected from the duodenum of 1 host. Composition of the intestinal parasitic community is similar to that of other oceanic cetaceans, which mostly include species of Bolbosoma and tetrabothriids (Cestoda).
Descriptors: helminthiasis, animal parasitology, intestinal diseases, parasitic, whales parasitology, acanthocephala classification, acanthocephala isolation and purification, anisakis classification, anisakis isolation and purification, cestoda anatomy and histology, cestoda classification, cestoda isolation and purification, intestinal diseases, parasitic parasitology, intestines parasitology, Mediterranean Sea, Spain, stomach parasitology.
Fernandez, M., B. Beron Vera, N.A. Garcia, J.A. Raga, and E.A. Crespo (2003). Food and parasites from two hourglass dolphins, Lagenorhynchus cruciger (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824), from Patagonian waters. Marine Mammal Science 19(4): 832-836. ISSN: 0824-0469.
NAL Call Number: QL713.2.M372
Descriptors: diets, parasites, prey, dolphins, Lagenorhynchus.
Flewelling, L.J., J.P. Naar, J.P. Abbott, D.G. Baden, N.B. Barros, G.D. Bossart, M.Y. Bottein, D.G. Hammond, E.M. Haubold, C.A. Heil, M.S. Henry, H.M. Jacocks, T.A. Leighfield, R.H. Pierce, T.D. Pitchford, S.A. Rommel, P.S. Scott, K.A. Steidinger, E.W. Truby, F.M. Van Dolah, and J.H. Landsberg (2005). Brevetoxicosis: red tides and marine mammal mortalities. Nature (London) 435(7043): 755-6. ISSN: 1476-4687.
NAL Call Number: 472 N21
Abstract: Potent marine neurotoxins known as brevetoxins are produced by the 'red tide' dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. They kill large numbers of fish and cause illness in humans who ingest toxic filter-feeding shellfish or inhale toxic aerosols. The toxins are also suspected of having been involved in events in which many manatees and dolphins died, but this has usually not been verified owing to limited confirmation of toxin exposure, unexplained intoxication mechanisms and complicating pathologies. Here we show that fish and seagrass can accumulate high concentrations of brevetoxins and that these have acted as toxin vectors during recent deaths of dolphins and manatees, respectively. Our results challenge claims that the deleterious effects of a brevetoxin on fish (ichthyotoxicity) preclude its accumulation in live fish, and they reveal a new vector mechanism for brevetoxin spread through food webs that poses a threat to upper trophic levels.
Descriptors: dinoflagellida chemistry, food chain, mammals metabolism, marine biology, marine toxins analysis, oxocins analysis, dolphins metabolism, fishes metabolism, gastrointestinal contents chemistry, trichechus metabolism.
Forbes, L.B. (2000). The occurrence and ecology of Trichinella in marine mammals. Veterinary Parasitology 93(3-4): 321-334. ISSN: 0304-4017.
NAL Call Number: SF810.V4
Descriptors: trichinella, host range, life cycle, marine mammals, Thalarctos maritimus, Odobenus rosmarus, seals, whales, trichinosis, disease prevalence, disease transmission, ecology, zoonoses, foodborne diseases, arctic regions, literature reviews, sylvatic cycle.
Notes: In the special issue: Trichinella and Trichinellosis edited by A.A. Gajadhar and H.R. Gamble.
Foster, G., B. Holmes, A.G. Steigerwalt, P.A. Lawson, P. Thorne, D.E. Byrer, H.M. Ross, J. Xerry, P.M. Thompson, and M.D. Collins (2004). Campylobacter insulaenigrae sp. nov., isolated from marine mammals. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54(6): 2369-73. ISSN: 1466-5026.
NAL Call Number: QR1.I577
Abstract: Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on four Campylobacter-like organisms recovered from three seals and a porpoise. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the organisms represent a hitherto unknown subline within the genus Campylobacter, associated with a subcluster containing Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari. DNA-DNA hybridization studies confirmed that the bacteria belonged to a single species, for which the name Campylobacter insulaenigrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Campylobacter insulaenigrae sp. nov. is NCTC 12927(T) (=CCUG 48653(T)).
Descriptors: campylobacter classification, campylobacter isolation and purification, feces microbiology, phoca microbiology, porpoises microbiology, bacterial typing techniques, campylobacter genetics, campylobacter physiology, DNA fingerprinting, DNA, bacterial chemistry, bacterial isolation and purification, ribosomal chemistry, ribosomal isolation and purification, genes, RRNA genetics, molecular sequence data, nucleic acid hybridization, phylogeny, RNA, bacterial genetics, ribosomal, 16s genetics, sequence analysis.
Notes: Erratum In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2005 Mar;55 (Pt. 2):981.
Foster, G., K.L. Jahans, R.J. Reid, and H.M. Ross (1996). Isolation of Brucella species from cetaceans, seals and an otter. Veterinary Record 138(24): 583-586. ISSN: 0042-4900.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Cetacea, phocidae, lutra, brucella, isolation, animal tissues, incidence, geographical distribution, culture media, carbon dioxide, Scotland, England, Lutra lutra.
Foster, G., A.P. MacMillan, J. Godfroid, F. Howie, H.M. Ross, A. Cloeckaert, R.J. Reid, S. Brew, and I.A.P. Patterson (2002). A review of Brucella sp. infection of sea mammals with particular emphasis on isolates from Scotland. Veterinary Microbiology 90(1-4): 563-580. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: aquatic animals, mammals, brucella, infections, strains, phenotypes, carbon dioxide, growth, culture media, metabolism, galactose, new species, descriptions, literature reviews, Scotland, brucella Cetaceae, Brucella Pinnipediae.
Notes: In the special issue: Brucellosis edited by S.M. Halling and S.M. Boyle.
Foster, G., I.A.P. Patterson, and D.S. Munro (1999). Monophasic group B Salmonella species infecting harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) inhabiting Scottish coastal waters. Veterinary Microbiology 65(3): 227-231. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: Phocoena, salmonella, infections, coastal areas, strains, antigens, lungs, intestines, heart, liver, kidneys, lymph nodes, urethra, epididymis, hosts, host range, Scotland.
Foster, G., H.M. Ross, H. Malnick, A. Willems, R.A. Hutson, R.J. Reid, and M.D. Collins (2000). Phocoenobacter uteri gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Pasteurellaceae Pohl (1979) 1981 isolated from a harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 50(1): 135-9. ISSN: 1466-5026.
NAL Call Number: QR1.I577
Abstract: Phenotypic and phylogenetic studies were performed on a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from the uterus of a porpoise. Biochemical and physiological studies indicated that the bacterium was related to the family Pasteurellaceae. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies confirmed these findings and demonstrated that the bacterium represents a hitherto unknown subline within this family of organisms. Based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic criteria, it is proposed that the bacterium be assigned to a new genus, Phocoenobacter uteri gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Phocoenobacter uteri sp. nov. is NCTC 12872T.
Descriptors: gram negative bacterial infections, pasteurellaceae classification, porpoises microbiology, DNA, bacterial genetics, ribosomal genetics, genes, RRNA, gram negative bacterial infections microbiology, molecular sequence data, pasteurellaceae cytology, pasteurellaceae isolation and purification, pasteurellaceae physiology, phenotype, phylogeny, RNA, ribosomal, 16s genetics, sequence analysis.
Foster, G., H.M. Ross, R.D. Naylor, M.D. Collins, C.P. Ramos, F.F. Garayzabal, and R.J. Reid (1995). Cetobacterium ceti gen. nov., sp. nov., a new gram-negative obligate anaerobic from sea mammals. Letters in Applied Microbiology 21(3): 202-206.
NAL Call Number: QR1.L47
Descriptors: Cetacea, whales, aquatic mammals, taxonomy, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, Cetacea, mammals, phocoenidae, marine mammals, Cetobacterium ceti.
Foster, G., H.M. Ross, I.A.P. Patterson, R.A. Hutson, and M.D. Collins (1998). Actinobacillus scotiae sp. nov., a new member of the family Pasteurellaceae Pohl (1979) 1981 isolated from porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 48(3-4): 929-933. ISSN: 0020-7713.
NAL Call Number: 448.3 IN8
Descriptors: new species, phenotypes, phylogenetics, phylogeny, nucleotide sequences, ribosomal RNA, characterization, bacterial diseases, Actinobacillus, Phocoena.
Fragoso, A.B.de L. and F.C. de Lima (1998). Escoliose congenita em boto-cinza na costa do Rio de Janeiro. [Congenital scoliosis on tucuxi dolphin from Rio de Janeiro state coast]. Revista Brasileira De Medicina Veterinaria 20(4): 174. ISSN: 0100-2430.
NAL Call Number: SF604.R38
Descriptors: dolphins, genetic disorders, Rio de Janeiro, America, Brazil, Cetacea, disorders, mammals, South America.
Language of Text: English summary.
Frasca Jr., S., J.L. Dunn, J.C. Cooke, and J.D. Buck (1996). Mycotic dermatitis in an Atlantic white-sided dolphin, a pygmy sperm whale, and two harbor seals. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 208(5): 727-729. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: lagenorhynchus, Phoca vitulina, physeteridae, dermatitis, mycoses, fusarium, symptoms, treatment, case reports, Lagenorhynchus acutus, Kogia breviceps.
Frati, R., R. Forletta, G. Terracciano, G. Di Guardo, U. Agrimi, S. Marcon, and S. Kennedy (1996). Parassitosi nei mammiferi acquatici con particolare riferimento ai cetacei. [Parasitic diseases in sea mammals with special reference to cetaceans]. Obiettivi E Documenti Veterinari 17(1): 79-88. ISSN: 0392-1913.
Abstract: An overview of the main parasitic diseases in sea mammals, with special reference to cetaceans, is given here. Informations is also provided on the biological cycles of the concerned parasities. Furthermore, the results of parasitological investigations carried out on 28 necropsied cetaceans, which were found stranded off the Italian coasts between 1990 and 1994, are presented and discussed. ITALIANO: Il lavoro presenta una sintetica rassegna sulle principali parassitosi dei mammiferi acquatici, con particolare riferimento ai cetacei, illustrando, laddove disponibili, tutte le informazioni scientifiche esistenti in merito ai cicli biologici dei diversi parassiti. Vengono inoltre forniti e discussi i dati scaturiti dall'attivita' diagnostica effettuata, in tale ambito, su 28 cetacei rinvenuti spiaggiati, dal 1990 al 1994, sulle coste di 7 diverse regioni italiane.
Descriptors: Italy, Mediterranean sea, Cetacea, aquatic mammals, protozoal infections, trematoda, cestoda, nematode infections, pathology, diagnosis, pollutants, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, Europe, helminthoses, marine areas, Mediterranean countries, parasitoses, platyhelminthes, Western Europe.
Language of Text: English and Italian summaries.
Gallego, J. and J.M. Selva (1979). Skrjabinalius guevarai n. sp. (Nematoda: Pseudaliidae), parasito pulmonar del delfin mular, Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821 (Cetacea: Delphinidae) en el Adriatico. [Skrjabinalius guevarai n. sp. (Nematoda: Pseudaliidae), lung parasite of bottle-nosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus Montagu, 1821 (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in the Adriatic sea]. Revista Iberica De Parasitologia 39(1-4): 203-208. ISSN: 0034-9623.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 R32
Descriptors: lung parasite, bottlenose dolphin, Adriatic Sea, Spain, Nematoda, Cetacea, Tusiops truncatus.
Language of Text: English and Spanish summaries.
Garner, M.M., C. Shwetz, J.C. Ramer, J.M. Rasmussen, K. Petrini, D.F. Cowan, J.T. Raymond, G.D. Bossart, and G.A. Levine (2002). Congenital diffuse hyperplastic goiter associated with perinatal mortality in 11 captive-born bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 33(4): 350-355. ISSN: 1042-7260.
NAL Call Number: SF601.J6
Descriptors: aquaria, case reports, congenital abnormalities, diagnosis, goitre, morphology, thyroid gland, zoo animals, Tursiops truncatus.
Garner, M.M., C. Shwetz, J.C. Ramer, J.M. Rasmussen, K. Petrini, D.F. Cowan, and G.D. Bossart. (2001). Congenital diffuse hyperplastic goiter associated with perinatal mortality in seven captive-born bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). In: Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians American Association of Wildlife Veterinarians Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians National Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians Joint Conference, September 18, 2001-September 23, 2001, Orlando, Florida, American Association of Zoo Veterinarians: p. 104-106. 411 p.
NAL Call Number: SF605.A4
Descriptors: Tursiops truncatus, diseases and disorders, congenital diffuse hyperplastic goiter, perinatal mortality effects, mortality.
Gaskell, R. and K. Willoughby (1999). Herpesviruses of carnivores. Veterinary Microbiology 69(1-2): 73-88. ISSN: 0378-1135.
NAL Call Number: SF601.V44
Descriptors: carnivores, feline herpesvirus, canine herpesvirus, phocidae, herpesviridae, phylogenetics, wild animals, host range, cats, dogs, seals, shedding, disease transmission, latent infections, polymerase chain reaction, glycoproteins, molecular genetics, regulatory sequences, genes, literature reviews.
Notes: In the special issue: Virology of Carnivores edited by M.C. Horzinek, H.F. Egberink, and M. Ackermann. Meeting Information: Paper presented at a meeting held May 13-15, 1998, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Gaydos, J.K., K.C. Balcomb III, R.W. Osborne, and L. Dierauf (2004). Evaluating potential infectious disease threats for southern resident killer whales, Orcinus orca: a model for endangered species. Biological Conservation 117(3): 253-262. ISSN: 0006-3207.
NAL Call Number: S900.B5
Descriptors: Orcinus orca, endangered status, literature review, microbial diseases, literature survey and threat to population, north Pacific, North America, infectious diseases threat to population.
Geraci, J.R. (1981). Dietary disorders in marine mammals: synthesis and new findings. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 179(11): 1183-91. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: deficiency diseases, dolphins, Pinnipedia, seals, earless, anemia, animal feed standards, ascorbic acid metabolism, ascorbic acid deficiency, fishes, poisonous, histamine poisoning, hyponatremia diagnosis, hyponatremia therapy, hyponatremia, lactose intolerance, thiamine deficiency prevention and control, thiamine deficiency, vitamin E deficiency diagnosis, vitamin E deficiency prevention and control, vitamin E deficiency.
Geraci, J.R., M.D. Dailey, and D.J. St. Aubin (1978). Parasitic mastitis in the Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus, as a probable factor in herd productivity. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 35(10): 1350-1355.
Descriptors: parasitic mastitis, Atlantic white sided dolphin, herd productivity, Lagenorhynchus acutus, factor.
Language of Text: French summary.
Geraci, J.R., B.D. Hicks, and D.J. St. Aubin (1979). Dolphin pox: a skin disease of cetaceans. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine 43(4): 399-404.
Descriptors: dolphin, pox, skin disease, cetaceans.
Language of Text: French summary.
Gibson, D.I. and R.A. Bray (1997). Oschmarinella albamarina (Treshchev, 1968) n. comb., a liver fluke from the killer whale Orcinus orca (L.) off the British coast. Systematic Parasitology 36(1): 39-45. ISSN: 0165-5752.
NAL Call Number: QL757.A1S9
Descriptors: liver, marine mammals, new combination, taxonomy, nomenclature, synonyms, wild animals, parasites, helminths, Digenea, Campulidae, Cetacea.
Gibson, D.I., E.A. Harris, R.A. Bray, P.D. Jepson, T. Kuiken, T. Baker, and V.R. Simpson (1998). A survey of the helminth parasites of cetaceans stranded on the coast of England and Wales during the period 1990-1994. Journal of Zoology (London) 244(4): 563-574. ISSN: 0952-8369.
Descriptors: helminths, Cetacea, nematoda, anisakis, anisakidae, aschelminthes, mammals, nematoda, noxious animals, Phocoena Phocoena, Delphinus delphis, phocoenidae, delphinidae, Anisakis simplex, Pseudalius inflexus, Torynurus convolutus, Stenurus globicephalae, Stenurus minor, Halocercus delphini, Halocercus invaginatus, Halocercus lagenorhynchi, Halocercus taurica.
Girard, C., A. Lagace, R. Higgins, and P. Beland (1991). Adenocarcinoma of the salivary gland in a beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 3(3): 264-265. ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call Number: SF774.J68
Descriptors: Delphinapterus leucas, adenoma, carcinoma, salivary glands, case reports, lungs, metastasis, histopathology.
Goldman, C.G., J.D. Loureiro, V. Quse, D. Corach, E. Calderon, R.A. Caro, J. Boccio, S.R. Heredia, M.B. Di Carlo, and M.B. Zubillaga (2002). Evidence of Helicobacter sp. in dental plaque of captive dolphins (Tursiops gephyreus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38(3): 644-648. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: Tursiops gephyreus, buccal region, bacterial diseases, helicobacter, prevalence in dental plaque, Argentina, San Clemente del Tuyu, Mundo Marino Oceanarium, bacteria prevalence in dental plaque, health implications.
Gomercic, H., D. Huber, V. Gomercic, D. Skrtic, A. Gomercic, and S. Vukovic (1998). Dolphin morbilliviral infection from the Mediterranean Sea did not spread into the Adriatic Sea. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 46(1): 127-134. ISSN: 0236-6290.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 AC83
Abstract: In July of 1990, a mass mortality of striped dolphins due to morbillivirus infection had begun in the western Mediterranean. By 1992, the infection had spread to the eastern Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea. Other dolphin species in the Mediterranean were not found to have died due to this infection, although it is possible for many species of marine mammals to be infected. In 1994, it was published that morbillivirus infection had caused Atlantic bottlenose dolphin mortality in the USA. Although striped dolphins are not residents of the Adriatic Sea, it was hypothesised that the infection could have spread from them to Adriatic bottlenose dolphins. From October 1990 through April 1997, 16 dolphin carcasses found along the Croatian Adriatic coast were examined. Tissues were examined by light microscopy for syncytia and inclusion bodies, histopathologic lesions characteristic of dolphin morbillivirus infection, and by detection of morbilliviral RNA by a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). No signs of morbillivirus infection were found in the examined animals. It was concluded that this infection had not spread to dolphins of the Adriatic Sea up until that date.
Descriptors: dolphins, Tursiops, morbillivirus, symptoms, tissue analysis, lesions, mortality, Mediterranean Sea, Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Hungary, Cetacea, dolphins, Eastern Europe, Europe, mammals, marine areas, Mediterranean Sea, paramyxoviridae, viruses.
Language of Text: English summary.
Gomercic, H., D. Huber, V. Gomercic, S. Vukovic, D. Skrtic, T. Gomercic, V. Dobranic, H. Lucic, M. Uras, S. Curkovic, A. Gomercic, and L. Kardos (2000). Fatty liver and subcutaneous edema in a free-living bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, Montagu 1821) from the Adriatic Sea; light- and electron-microscopical study. Veterinarski Arhiv 70(5): 259-277. ISSN: 0372-5480.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V6416
Descriptors: clinical aspects, fatty liver, oedema, skin, dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, elctron microscopical, study.
Language of Text: Croatian.
Gonzalez, L., I.A. Patterson, R.J. Reid, G. Foster, M. Barberan, J.M. Blasco, S. Kennedy, F.E. Howie, J. Godfroid, A.P. MacMillan, A. Schock, and D. Buxton (2002). Chronic meningoencephalitis associated with Brucella sp. infection in live-stranded striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). Journal of Comparative Pathology 126(2-3): 147-152. ISSN: 0021-9975.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: Stenella coeruleoalba, meningoencephalitis, chronic course, Brucella, infections, abnormal behavior, antibodies, serology, immunohistochemistry, antigens, Scotland.
Gotto, R.V. (1993). Commensal and Parasitic Copepods Associated With Marine Invertebrates (and Whales): Keys and Notes for the Identification of the Species, Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series), Universal Book Services/Dr. W. Backhuys: Oegstgeest, the Netherlands, 264 p. ISBN: 9073348153.
NAL Call Number: QL255.S9 no. 46
Descriptors: Copepoda, Great Britain, marine invertebrates, whales, species identification.
Notes: Published for the Linnean Society of London and the Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association.
Guardo, G.di, U. Agrimi, D. Amaddeo, M. McAliskey, and S. Kennedy (1992). Morbillivirus infection in a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) from the coast of Italy. Veterinary Record 130(26): 579-580.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: stenella, viroses, mortality, morbillivirus, Italy, Cetacea, dolphins, Europe, infectious diseases, mammals, Mediterranean countries, paramyxoviridae, viruses, Western Europe.
Guardo, G.di, U. Agrimi, S. Kennedy, G. Cardeti, G. Terracciano, A. Ubaldi, and R. Frati (1997). Patologia dei cetacei: infezioni morbillivirali. [Pathology of cetaceans: Morbillivirus infections]. Veterinaria Italiana 33(24-25): 49-53. ISSN: 0505-401X.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 C87
Descriptors: pathology, Morbillivirus, Stenella coeruleoalba, Balaenopteridae, Delphinidae, Odontoceti.
Guibourge, E., J.P. Frodello, N. Terris, F. d'Oriano, and D. Viale (1996). Les baleines ont-elles la rougeole? ["Measles"of whales]. Recherche (283): 34-35. ISSN: 0029-5671.
Descriptors: whales, animal diseases, viroses, Corsica, Mediterranean Sea, Cetacea, Europe, France, infectious diseases, mammals, marine areas, Mediterranean countries, Western Europe.
Haas, L. and T. Barrett (1996). Rinderpest and other animal morbillivirus infections: comparative aspects and recent developments. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B 43(7): 411-420. ISSN: 0931-1793.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Z52
Descriptors: cattle, sheep, goats, carnivora, seals, dolphins, morbillivirus, distemper virus, rinderpest, epidemiology, immunological techniques, bovidae, bovinae, caprinae, carnivora, Cetacea, domestic animals, infectious diseases, livestock, mammals, morbillivirus, paramyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, ruminants, useful animals, viroses, viruses, b, d, f, k, h, 3300, polymerasekettenreaktion.
Language of Text: English summary.
Hall, A.J. (1995). Morbilliviruses in marine mammals. Trends in Microbiology 3(1): 4-9.
NAL Call Number: QR1.T74
Descriptors: aquatic animals, mammals, aquatic mammals, dolphins, seals, epidemiology, diagnosis, antigens, antibodies, disease transmission, distemper virus, morbillivirus, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, carnivora, Cetacea, immunological factors, mammals, morbillivirus, paramyxoviridae, pathogenesis, Pinnipedia, viruses, marine mammals, phocine distemper virus.
Hammill, M.O., V. Lesage, and M.C. Kingsley (2003). Cancer in beluga from the St. Lawrence estuary. Environmental Health Perspectives 111(2): A77-8; Author Reply A78. ISSN: 0091-6765.
Abstract: Martineau et al. (2002) reported that St. Lawrence beluga (SLB) have high cancer rates. Unfortunately, errors in their interpretation of the data have led them to overstate the importance of cancer and its links to environmental sources.
Descriptors: models, theoretical, neoplasms epidemiology, neoplasms, whales, animal husbandry, incidence, mortality, population dynamics, reproducibility of results, seasons, water pollutants adverse effects.
Notes: Comment On: Environmental Health Perspectives, 2002 Mar;110(3):285-92.
Haney, T.A., A.O. de Almeida, and M.S.S. Reis (2004). A new species of cyamid (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from a stranded cetacean in southern Bahia, Brazil. Bulletin of Marine Science 75(3): 409-421. ISSN: 0007-4977.
Abstract: The family Cyamidae comprises 28 species of parasitic crustaceans, all of which live exclusively on the skin of cetaceans. On 17 October 2000, a dead male of the short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus Gray, 1846, was found stranded in coastal waters of the municipality of Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil. Two cyamid species were found attached to the pilot whale's epidermis. These whale-lice were collected and identified as Isocyamus delphinii Guerin-Meneville, 1836, and a new species of Syncyamus. This is the first record of these cyamid genera from the South American coast, and Syncyamus is recorded for the first time from a pilot whale. This record represents the third report of coexistence between Isocyamus and Syncyamus. This new species is erected on the basis of its external morphology and named Syncyamus ilheusensis. A list of new and previously published records of the genus Syncyamus is also presented.
Descriptors: Isocyamus delphinii, associations, syncyamus, mammalian hosts, Globicephala macrorhynchus, south Atlantic, Brazil, Bahia, new record in association with syncyamus, mammalian host.
Harder, R. (1994). Robben, Wale und feline Viren. [Seals, whales and feline viruses]. Kleintierpraxis 39(10): 707. ISSN: 0023-2076.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 K67
Descriptors: seals, whales, herpetoviridae, morbillivirus, distemper virus, cats, research, caliciviridae, epidemiology, carnivora, Cetacea, felidae, mammals, morbillivirus, paramyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, viruses.
Harder, T.C. (1994). Virus de focas, ballenas y felinos. [Seals, whales, and feline viruses]. Medicina Veterinaria 11(10): 576. ISSN: 0212-8292.
Descriptors: whales, seals, felidae, animal viruses, viroses, epidemiology, carnivora, Cetacea, infectious diseases, mammals, Pinnipedia.
Harder, T.C. (1994). Virus de phoque, de dauphin et de chat. [Seals, dolphins and feline viruses]. Annales De Medecine Veterinaire 138(1): 65. ISSN: 0003-4118.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 AN78
Descriptors: seals, dolphins, cats, dogs, morbillivirus, caliciviridae, viroses, animal viruses, symptoms, immunological techniques, canidae, carnivora, Cetacea, felidae, infectious diseases, mammals, paramyxoviridae, Pinnipedia, viruses.
Harms, C.A., R. Lo Piccolo, D.S. Rotstein, and A.A. Hohn (2004). Struvite penile urethrolithiasis in a pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 40(3): 588-593. ISSN: 0090-3558.
NAL Call Number: 41.9 W64B
Abstract: Massive urolithiasis of the penile urethra was observed in an adult pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) stranded on Topsail Island, North Carolina, USA. Calculi occupied the urethra from just distal to the sigmoid flexure to the tip of the penis for a length of 43 cm. A urethral diverticulum was present proximal to the calculi. The major portion of the multinodular urolith weighed 208 g and was 16 cm long x 3.7 cm diameter at the widest point. The urolith was composed of 100% struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and on culture yielded Klebsiella, oxytoca, a urease-positive Bacterium occasionally associated with struvite urolith formation in domestic animals. Reaction to the calculi was characterized histologically by moderate multifocal to coalescing plasmacytic balanitis and penile urethritis. Role of the urethrolithiasis in the whale's stranding is speculative but could have involved pain or metabolic perturbations such as uremia or hyperammonemia.
Descriptors: Kogia breviceps, penis, diseases and disorders, north Atlantic, USA, North Carolina, Topsail Island, struvite penile urethrolithiasis, case report.
Harper, C.G., Y. Feng, S. Xu, N.S. Taylor, M. Kinsel, F.E. Dewhirst, B.J. Paster, M. Greenwell, G. Levine, A. Rogers, and J.G. Fox (2002). Helicobacter cetorum sp. nov., a urease-positive Helicobacter species isolated from dolphins and whales. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40(12): 4536-4543. ISSN: 0095-1137.
NAL Call Number: QR46.J6
Descriptors: antibacterial agents, catalase, cefalotin, drug resistance, faeces, forestomach, nalidixic acid, new species, oesophagus, stomach, ulcers, urease, Delphinapterus leucas, Helicobacter, Lagenorhynchus, Tursiops truncatus.
Harper, C.G., M.T. Whary, Y. Feng, H.L. Rhinehart, R.S. Wells, S. Xu, N.S. Taylor, and J.G. Fox (2003). Comparison of diagnostic techniques for Helicobacter cetorum infection in wild Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41(7): 2842-8. ISSN: 0095-1137.
NAL Call Number: QR46.J6
Abstract: Helicobacter cetorum sp. nov. has been cultured from the stomach of Atlantic white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus acutus) and the feces of Pacific white-sided (L. obliquidens) and Atlantic bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) dolphins and a beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas). H. cetorum has high homology to Helicobacter pylori as shown by 16S rRNA sequencing, and H. cetorum infection has been associated with gastritis and clinical signs in cetaceans. Because the prevalence of H. cetorum in wild populations is unknown, minimally invasive techniques for detecting H. cetorum were compared for 20 wild bottlenose dolphins sampled as part of a long-term health study. Fecal samples were tested for helicobacter by culture, Southern blotting, and PCR using genus-specific and H. cetorum-specific primers. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure H. cetorum immunoglobulin G (IgG). H. cetorum was cultured from 4 of 20 fecal samples, 7 samples were positive using Helicobacter sp. PCR, and 8 samples were positive for H. cetorum using species-specific primers. Two additional fecal samples were positive by Helicobacter sp. Southern blotting, suggesting infection with another helicobacter. All 20 sera contained high levels of IgG antibodies to H. cetorum that were significantly lowered by preabsorption of the sera with whole-cell suspensions of H. cetorum (P < 0.02). Until the specificity of the serum ELISA can be determined by testing sera from dolphins confirmed to be uninfected, PCR and Southern blot screenings of feces are the most sensitive techniques for detection of H. cetorum, and results indicate there is at least a 50% prevalence of H. cetorum infection in these dolphins.
Descriptors: animals, wild microbiology, dolphins microbiology, helicobacter classification, helicobacter infections, antibodies, bacterial blood, blotting, southern, culture media, DNA primers, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, feces microbiology, helicobacter genetics, helicobacter immunology, helicobacter isolation and purification, helicobacter infections diagnosis, helicobacter infections microbiology, polymerase chain reaction, sensitivity and specificity, species specificity.
Harper, C.M., C.A. Dangler, S. Xu, Y. Feng, Z. Shen, B. Sheppard, A. Stamper, F.E. Dewhirst, B.J. Paster, and J.G. Fox (2000). Isolation and characterization of a Helicobacter sp. from the gastric mucosa of dolphins, Lagenorhynchus acutus and Delphinus delphis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66(11): 4751-7. ISSN: 0099-2240.
NAL Call Number: 448.3 AP5
Abstract: Gastric ulcerations in dolphins have been reported for decades. Some of these lesions were associated with parasitic infections. However, cases of nonparasitic gastric ulcers with no clearly defined etiology also have been reported in wild and captive dolphins. Considerable speculation exists as to whether dolphins have Helicobacter-associated gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. The stomachs of seven stranded Atlantic white-sided dolphins, Lagenorhynchus acutus, and 1 common dolphin, Delphinus delphis, were assessed for the presence of Helicobacter species. Novel Helicobacter species were identified by culture in the gastric mucosa of two of the eight dolphins studied and by PCR in seven of the eight dolphins. The gram-negative organisms were urease, catalase, and oxidase positive. Spiral to fusiform bacteria were detected in gastric mucosa by Warthin Starry staining. Histopathology revealed mild to moderate diffuse lymphoplasmacytic gastritis within the superficial mucosa of the main stomach. The pyloric stomach was less inflamed, and bacteria did not extend deep into the glands. The lesions parallel those observed in Helicobacter pylori-infected humans. Bacteria from two dolphins classified by 16S rRNA analysis clustered with gastric helicobacters and represent a novel Helicobacter sp. most closely related to H. pylori. These findings suggest that a novel Helicobacter sp. may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of gastritis and gastric ulcers in dolphins. To our knowledge this represents the first isolation and characterization of a novel Helicobacter sp. from a marine mammal and emphasizes the wide host distribution and pathogenic potential of this increasingly important genus.
Descriptors: dolphins microbiology, gastric mucosa microbiology, helicobacter classification, helicobacter isolation and purification, helicobacter infections, DNA, ribosomal analysis, DNA, ribosomal genetics, gastric mucosa pathology, gastritis microbiology, gastritis pathology, gastritis, helicobacter genetics, helicobacter ultrastructure, helicobacter infections microbiology, helicobacter infections pathology, phylogeny, polymerase chain reaction methods, polymorphism, restriction fragment length, rna, ribosomal, 16s genetics, sequence analysis, DNA, stomach ulcer microbiology, stomach ulcer pathology, stomach ulcer.
Harper, C.M., S. Xu, Y. Feng, J.L. Dunn, N.S. Taylor, F.E. Dewhirst, and J.G. Fox (2002). Identification of novel Helicobacter spp. from a beluga whale. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68(4): 2040-3. ISSN: 0099-2240.
NAL Call Number: 448.3 AP5
Abstract: The gastric fluid and feces of three belugas from the Mystic Aquarium were assessed for the presence of Helicobacter spp. Gastric fluid and feces from the two clinically healthy belugas were negative for helicobacter, and endoscopy performed on these animals revealed no lesions. However, a helicobacter isolate and PCR product similar to helicobacter strains previously recovered from dolphins were identified, respectively, from the feces and gastric fluid of a beluga manifesting intermittent inappetence and lethargy. Esophageal and forestomach ulcers were noted on endoscopy. This is the first report of novel Helicobacter spp. being identified from whales.
Descriptors: helicobacter classification, helicobacter genetics, helicobacter infections, whales microbiology, DNA, ribosomal analysis, esophagus pathology, feces microbiology, gastric mucosa, helicobacter isolation and purification, helicobacter infections microbiology, molecular sequence data, polymerase chain reaction, polymorphism, restriction fragment length, rna, ribosomal, 16s genetics, sequence analysis, DNA, stomach ulcer.
Harper, C.G., M.T. Whary, Y. Feng, H.L. Rhinehart, R.S. Wells, S. Xu, N.S. Taylor, and J.G. Fox (2003). Comparison of diagnostic techniques for Heliocobacter cetorum infection in wild Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Clinical Microbiology 41(7): 2842-2848. ISSN: 0095-1137.
NAL Call Number: QR46.J6
Descriptors: Tursiops truncatus, diagnostic techniques, bacterial diseases, Heliocobacter cetorum, comparison of diagnostic techniques.
Hatsushika, R., J. Maejima, and H. Kamo (1981). Experimental studies on the development of Diphyllobothrium macroovatum Jurachno, 1973 from the minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata. II. Experimental infection of the coracidia to marine copepods. Japanese Journal of Parasitology 30(5): 417-427. ISSN: 0021-5171.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 J27
Abstract: Diphyllobothrium macroovatum, development in Acartia clausi (exper.).
Descriptors: Development, Cestoda, Diphyllobothrium macroovatum, Acartia clausi.
Hatsushika, R., J. Maejima, and H. Kamo (1981). Experimental studies on the development of Diphyllobothrium macroovatum Jurakhno, 1973 from the minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata. I. Embryonation and hatching of the eggs. Japanese Journal of Parasitology 30(3): 205-213. ISSN: 0021-5171.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 J27
Abstract: Diphyllobothrium macroovatum, embryonic development and hatching of eggs.
Descriptors: embryology, hatching, development, Cestoda, Diphyllobothrium macroovatum, Balaenoptera acutorostrata.
Hatsushika, R. and H. Shirouzu (1990). A new species of marine tapeworm, Diphyllobothrium orcini n. sp. (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) found from killer whale, Orcinus orca (Linnaeus, 1758) in Japan. Japanese Journal of Parasitology 39(6): 566-573. ISSN: 0021-5171.
NAL Call Number: 436.8 J27
Descriptors: Diphyllobothrium orcini, mammalian hosts, Orcinus orca, new species, west Pacific, Japan, Kii Peninsula, new species from mammalian host.
Haubold, E.M., J.F. Aronson, D.F. Cowan, M.R. McGinnis, and C.R. Cooper Jr. (1998). Isolation of fungal rDNA from bottlenose dolphin skin infected with Loboa loboi. Medical Mycology 36(5): 263-267.
NAL Call Number: RC117.A1J68
Descriptors: fungi, pathogenesis, skin, DNA, nucleotide sequence, mycoses, PCR, dolphins, genetics, Loboa loboi, infections, lobomycosis, polymerase chain reaction.
Haubold, E.M., C.R. Cooper Jr., J.W. Wen, M.R. McGinnis, and D.F. Cowan (2000). Comparative morphology of Lacazia loboi (syn. Loboa loboi) in dolphins and humans. Medical Mycology 38(1): 9-14. ISSN: 1369-3786.
NAL Call Number: RC117.A1J68
Abstract: Lacazia loboi (syn. Loboa loboi), the etiological agent of lobomycosis, was compared in human and dolphin tissue using light and electron microscopy, and computer-assisted morphometrics. The histological features of the lesions were similar; however, preliminary electron microscopy data indicates that cell wall destruction may vary in the two hosts. Calcofluor stained tissue sections of human and dolphin tissue were examined with UV light microscopy and the images digitized. Measurements of area, minimum and maximum diameters, and perimeter were made. Student's t-test (alpha = 0.01) revealed that L. loboi cells infecting dolphin tissue were significantly smaller than those infecting human tissue. This study represents the first comparative analysis of the morphology of the etiological agent of this disease in its two known natural hosts. The data indicate that the organism may not be identical in the two hosts.
Descriptors: dolphins microbiology, paracoccidioides ultrastructure, paracoccidioidomycosis microbiology, microscopy, electron, paracoccidioidomycosis.
Haubold, E.M., M.R. McGinnis, C.R. Cooper Jr. and D.F. Cowan (2002). Molecular identification of the infective agent of Lobo's disease of dolphins. In: C.J. Pfeiffer (Editor), Molecular and Cell Biology of Marine Mammals, Kreiger Publishing Company: Malabar, p. 186-192. ISBN: 1575240629.
Descriptors: Tursiops truncatus, fungal diseases, lobo's disease, molecular identification of infective agent.
Hays, R., L.N. Measures, and J. Huot (1998). Capelin (Mallotus villosus) and herring (Clupea harengus) as paratenic hosts of Anisakis simplex, a parasite of beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) in the St. Lawrence estuary. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76(8): 1411-1417. ISSN: 0008-4301.
NAL Call Number: 470 C16D
Descriptors: marine fishes, nematode larvae, estuaries, disease prevalence, epidemiology, life history, marine mammals, morphology, intermediate hosts, paratenic hosts, parasites, helminths, Mallotus villosus, herrings, fishes, A