Agoramoorthy, G. and S. Alagappasamy (2004). Management of endangered Asian primates in Singapore Zoo: Welfare, enrichment and conservation implications. Folia Primatologica 75(Suppl. 1): 214. ISSN: 0015-5713.
NAL Call Number: QL737.P9F6
Descriptors: environmental enrichment, animal welfare, colony management, Singapore Zoo, meeting abstract.
Notes: Spring Meeting of the Primate Society of Great Britain, St Andrews, Scotland; April 10-11, 2003.
Agoramoorthy, G. and M. Hsu (2004). Welfare, enrichment and conservation of non-human primates in zoological parks. Folia Primatologica 75(Suppl. 1): 211-212. ISSN: 0015-5713.
NAL Call Number: QL737.P9F6
Descriptors: colony management, environmental enrichment, zoos, meeting abstract.
Notes: Spring Meeting of the Primate Society of Great Britain, St Andrews, Scotland; April 10-11, 2003.
Anonymous (1999). USDA seeks comments on environmental enhancement for nonhuman primates. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 215(4): 466. ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: United States Animal Welfare Act, care of primates, captive animals, environmental enrichment, psychological well-being.
Baker, K.C. (2000). Environmental enhancement: Policy, plans, and perspective. American Journal of Primatology 51(Suppl. 1): 35-36. ISSN: 0275-2565.
NAL Call Number: QL737.P9A5
Descriptors: animal care, government and law, captive management, enrichment plans, meeting abstract.
Notes: 23rd Annual Meeting of The American Society of Primatologists, Denver, Colorado, USA; June 21-24, 2000.
Baker, K.C. and D.A. Springer (2006). Frequency of feeding enrichment and response of laboratory nonhuman primates to unfamiliar people. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 45(1): 69-73. ISSN: 1559-6109.
NAL Call Number: SF405.3 .A23
Abstract: Although environmental enhancement plans for nonhuman primates vary between facilities, feeding enrichment represents a component of most programs. As part of a facility's feeding enrichment program, offering hand-fed food items by trained staff provides an opportunity for positive human interaction. We hypothesized that increased implementation of such enrichment would be associated with increased likelihood of a monkey accepting a hand-fed treat from a stranger. Several species of monkeys were tested at the Tulane National Primate Research Center. In 2002 and 2005, we recorded the number of caged monkeys that accepted a treat tablet from an unfamiliar person within 10 s. We compared the frequency of caretaker-implemented feeding enrichment documented for each animal room during the month proceeding data collection with the proportion of animals within the room that accepted the treat from the stranger. In 2002, 29.8% of the 500 subjects accepted the treat from the unfamiliar person. The proportion of animals that accepted the treat was significantly correlated with the number of days during which feeding enrichment had been implemented. In 2005, feeding enrichment frequency had increased by 76%, and 53.4% of the 676 subjects accepted the treat. These findings suggest that this simple form of enrichment may improve monkeys' responses to unfamiliar people, and that it holds promise as a method for mediating the stress imposed by human activity in animal rooms. In addition, a stranger's treat-feeding attempts may be a useful indicator of an institution's implementation of their environmental enrichment program.
Descriptors: feeding behavior, feeding methods, animal welfare, animal behavior, environmental enhancement, feeding enrichment, treats, positive human interaction, enrichment programs.
Bassett, L. (2000). The benefits of social enrichment for zoo-housed primates. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Symposium on Zoo Research, July 6, 2000-July 7, 2000, Paignton Zoo Environmental Park, Paignton, Denton, UK, Federation of Zoological Gardens of Great Britain and Ireland: London, UK, p. 53-62.
Online: http://www.biaza.org.uk/resources/library/images/ARSP2.pdf
Descriptors: mandrills, Mandrillus sphinx, animal welfare, wild animals in captivity, zoo settings, social housing, effects of group size on the behavior, activity budgets, enrichment by increasing group size, European Zoos.
Bonnet, L., F. Bellebeau, G. Briday, M. Gregoire, B. Regnier, and J. Descotes (2004). Socialisation of non-human primates in regulatory toxicity studies in compliance with the new European guidelines. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 197(3): 244-245. ISSN: 0041-008X.
Descriptors: environmental enrichment, experimental psychology, toxicology, colony management, European Union, meeting abstract.
Notes: Living in a Safe Chemical World: The 10th International Congress of Toxicology, Tampere, Finland; July 11-16, 2004.
Bonnotte, S. (1999). Promouvoir le bien-etre psychologique des primates captifs et de laboratoire: aspects theoriques et pratiques (Apports de la recherche sur l' enrichissement du milieu a la promotion du bien-etre des primates captifs). [Promoting psychological well-being of captive and laboratory human primates: theoritical and practical aspects (Contribution of environmental enrichment research in the promotion of captive primate well-being)]. Revue De Medecine Veterinaire 150(1): 15-26. ISSN: 0035-1555.
NAL Call Number: 41.8 R32
Descriptors: nonhuman primates, captivity, laboratory animals, animal well-being, behavior, environmental factors.
Language of Text: French; Summary in English.
Brown, M.T. (2005). Mature primate enrichment. The Shape of Enrichment 14(1): 4-6. ISSN: 1088-8152.
NAL Call Number: HV4737.S53
Descriptors: adult nonhuman primates, treat cups, flavored shave ice, essential oils, nature cubes, rain sticks, environmental enrichment ideas.
Cocks, L., C. Baker, G. Harris, and F. Butcher (1999). Behavioral enrichment for nonhuman primates. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 38(1): 14-15. ISSN: 0023-6861.
Online: http://www.brown.edu/Research/Primate/lpn38-1.html
NAL Call Number: SF407.P7 L3
Descriptors: behavioral enrichment, Australia, social environment, foraging enrichment, complex environment, indestructible toys, destructible toys, positive reinforcement training.
Craig, J. and C. Reed (2003). Diet-based enrichment ideas for small primates. International Zoo News 50(1): 16-20; No 322. ISSN: 0020-9155.
NAL Call Number: QL76.I58
Descriptors: primates, diet in captivity, environmental enrichment, foraging.
Crockett, C.M., R.U. Bellanca, K.S. Heffernan, D.A. Ronan, and W.F. Bonn (2001). Puzzle Ball foraging device for laboratory monkeys. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 40(1): 4-7. ISSN: 0023-6861.
Online: http://www.brown.edu/Research/Primate/lpn40-1.html
NAL Call Number: SF407.P7 L3
Descriptors: puzzle feeder, foraging device, stainless steel, Boomer Ball, effect of puzzle ball on abnormal behavior, animal behavior, psychological well-being, environmental enrichment.
Crockett, C.M., R.U. Bellanca, D.R. Koberstein, D. Rocha, G.J. Bennett, Z.M. Hoffman, and T. Olson (2003). Essential involvement in husbandry staff in a National Primate Research Center's psychological well-being program. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 42(4): 70. ISSN: 1060-0558.
NAL Call Number: SF405.5.A23
Descriptors: environmental enrichment, colony management, staff involvement, legal requirements, estimate of well-being, meeting abstract.
Crockett, C.M., R.U. Bellanca, K.S. Heffernan, and D.C. Johnson (1999). A psychological well-being program for managing environmental enrichment and behavior issues in a colony of research primates. American Journal of Primatology 49(1): 46-47. ISSN: 0275-2565.
NAL Call Number: QL737.P9A5
Descriptors: estimate of well-being, enrichment, colony management, animal welfare, meeting abstract.
Notes: 22nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Primatologists, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA; August 12-16, 1999.
de Rosa, C., A. Vitale, and M. Puopolo. (2000). Environmental enrichment for nonhuman primates: An experimental approach. In: Progress in the Reduction, Refinement and Replacement of Animal Experimentation: Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences, August 29, 1999-September 2, 1999, Bologna, Italy, Elsevier Science: Amsterdam, Netherlands, p. 1295-1304. ISBN: 0444505296.
Descriptors: age effects, enriched environment, feed dispensers, social behavior.
DeHaven, W.R. (2000). USDA's environmental enhancement plans for NHPs: Ensuring the best care possible. Lab Animal 29(1): 44-46. ISSN: 0093-7355.
NAL Call Number: QL55.A1L33
Descriptors: laboratory animals, nonhuman primates, enrichment, social environment, restraint of animals, legislation, USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Welfare Act.
Dennis, J., M. Hug-Williams, and A. Bowkett. (2000). Development of a comprehensive enrichment programme in an ageing monkey house. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Symposium on Zoo Research, July 6, 2000-July 7, 2000, Paignton Zoo Environmental Park, Paignton, Denton, UK, Federation of Zoological Gardens of Great Britain and Ireland: London, UK, p. 119.
Online: http://www.biaza.org.uk/resources/library/images/ARSP2.pdf
Descriptors: 15 species of nonhuman primates, zoo setting, effectiveness of enrichment methods, browse, foraging enrichment, hammocks, hiding food, mirrors, puzzle feeders, testing new enrichment methods, meeting abstract.
Farrand, A. and H. Buchanan-Smith (2004). Integrating zoo visitors into olfactory enrichment programmes for captive primates. Folia Primatologica 75(Suppl. 1): 373-374. ISSN: 0015-5713.
NAL Call Number: QL737.P9F6
Descriptors: sense of smell, olfaction, prosimians, new world monkeys, animal welfare, zoos, meeting abstract.
Notes: 20th Congress of the International Primatological Society, Torino, Italy; August 22-28, 2004.
Hall, C. (2004). Primate enrichment. Ratel 31(2): 10-11. ISSN: 0305-1218.
NAL Call Number: QL77.5.R37
Descriptors: zoos, environmental enrichment, Hylobates, Erythrocebus, Cercopithecus, Brachyteles, Cebidae, Anthropoidea.
Hau, J. (2004). The refinement of primate models for biomedical research. Folia Primatologica 75(Suppl. 1): 132. ISSN: 0015-5713.
NAL Call Number: QL737.P9F6
Descriptors: environmental enrichment, animal training, behavioral methods, animal welfare, restraint, handling, stress, meeting abstract.
Notes: 20th Congress of the International Primatological Society, Torino, Italy; August 22-28, 2004.
Hau, J.S.S.J. (2004). The welfare of non-human primates. In: E. Kaliste (Editor), Welfare of Laboratory Animals, Kluwer Academic Publ: Dordrecht, p. 291-314. ISBN: 1402022700.
Descriptors: stress, animal welfare, colony management, operant conditioning, cage design, enrichment, blood collection.
Hill, L.R. and G.A. Ambrose (2003). A simple, inexpensive method to minimize floor drain obstructions while supporting environmental enrichment in primate facilities. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 42(6): 42-45. ISSN: 1060-0558.
NAL Call Number: SF405.5.A23
Abstract: An important component of nonhuman primate environmental enrichment programs is affording the animals the opportunity to manipulate objects. Although these objects and various bulky food items enrich the quality of life for nonhuman primates, they complicate the duties of facility maintenance personnel. A prime example of these sometimes costly complications is a seemingly never-ending series of floor drain obstructions. We devised a simple, inexpensive modified drain cover that prevents large items from entering the drain. The total cost of materials for this device was 1.12 dollars, and it required only 15 min of labor for assembly. The design and implementation of this modified drain cover illustrate why the interaction between physical-plant personnel and animal-care personnel is key to the operation of a successful animal care and use program and proper maintenance of laboratory animal facilities.
Descriptors: object manipulation, husbandry, cost of enrichment, animal welfare, animal housing, facility design, animal care staff, safety.
Honess, P.E. and C.M. Marin (2006). Behavioral and physiological aspects of stress and aggression in nonhuman primates. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 30(3): 390-412. ISSN: 0149-7634 .
Descriptors: aggressive behavior, stress, social isolation, group formation, crowding, social status, temperament, age and gender effects, literature review.
Hopper, K.J. and J.T. Newsome (2004). Proactive compliance-the team program approach to revitalizing primate enrichment. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 43(2): 37-38. ISSN: 1060-0558.
NAL Call Number: SF405.5.A23
Abstract: The Division of Laboratory Animal Resources (DLAR) at the University of Pittsburgh proactively instituted a nonhuman enrichment plan that is founded on the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Final Report on the Environmental Enhancement to Promote the Psychological Well-being of Nonhuman Primates (July 1999). This document is a draft policy of the USDA that has not yet been enacted. In anticipation of the these standards becoming policy, the DLAR, and our Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), primate user groups, and Enrichment Specialist compared these new standards to our previous IACUC-approved plan. Our goal was to be "proactively compliant" to anticipated policy changes described in The Final Report. We established a program that was consistent with the five "critical" elements of The Final Report and our goal to have a revitalized enrichment plan that applied internal evaluation for continued improvement. A task force was implemented to review current literature and regulations on enrichment. Then a subcommittee consisting of veterinarians, investigators whose research would be affected by the anticipated policy changes, and IACUC members was formed. They established criteria for dispensation from plan elements, brought current protocols into compliance, shared enrichment and documentation techniques, and considered research methods in decision-making. In addition, a primate Enrichment Specialist position was developed and recruited. The Enrichment Specialist worked with investigators to evaluate enrichment and documentation needs and organized and implemented plan structure. The DLAR staff provided animal care and veterinary insight and reported to the IACUC. Investigators discussed how research and enrichment affected each other. The IACUC considered these issues before approving the plan. Our revitalized plan is running smoothly. The Enrichment Specialist oversees plan implementation and documentation. The DLAR assists enrichment and animal assessment. Investigators assist with assessment, provide enhanced enrichment, and document their progress. The IACUC addresses dispensation requests through designated review on the large-animal subcommittee.
Descriptors: animal husbandry, environmental enrichment plan, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUC), USDA draft policy on enrichment for nonhuman primates, five critical elements, development of an enrichment task force.
Hosey, G.R. (2005). How does the zoo environment affect the behaviour of captive primates? Applied Animal Behaviour Science 90(2): 107-129. ISSN: 0168-1591.
NAL Call Number: QL750.A6
Descriptors: welfare, visitors, cage space, comparing primates in captivity and the wild, zoos, nonhuman primates.
Howell, S., J. Fritz, M. Schwandt, and B. Malling (2001). A community based environmental enrichment program at the Primate Foundation of Arizona. American Journal of Primatology 54(Suppl. 1): 87. ISSN: 0275-2565.
NAL Call Number: QL737.P9A5
Descriptors: animal behavior, community involvement, education, donations, Primate Foundation of Arizona, meeting abstract.
Notes: 24th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Primatologists, Savannah, Georgia, USA; August 8-11, 2001.
Khan, U. (2003). Enrichments and enclosure furnishings for primates. Zoos' Print 18(10): 23-24. ISSN: 0971-6378.
Descriptors: nonhuman primates, care in captivity, environmental enrichment, zoo habitats.
Kravic, M. and K. McDonald (2003). Environmental enrichment of nonhuman primates with PVC pipe constructs. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 42(4): 120. ISSN: 1060-0558.
NAL Call Number: SF405.5.A23
Descriptors: species-specific behavior, perches, swings, arboreal species, height of perches, multiple uses of PVC, installation of enrichment devices, meeting abstract.
Notes: 2003 AALAS National Meeting, Seattle, Washington, USA; October 12-16, 2003.
Lambeth, S.P. and L. Brent (1999). Environmental enrichment in the new millennium. American Journal of Primatology 49(1): 27. ISSN: 0275-2565.
NAL Call Number: QL737.P9A5
Descriptors: roundtable discussion of the USDA proposed interpretive nonhuman primate policy, environmental enhancement programs, program managers, zoo, laboratory, sanctuary, and exhibitor representatives, meeting abstract.
Notes: 22nd Meeting of the American Society of Primatologists, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; August 12-16, 1999.
Lutz, C.K. and M.A. Novak (2005). Environmental enrichment for nonhuman primates: Theory and application. ILAR Journal 46(2): 178-191. ISSN: 1084-2020.
NAL Call Number: QL55.A1I43
Abstract: Investigators have an obligation to promote the psychological well-being of nonhuman primates used in research. Considerable emphasis has been placed on providing nonhuman primates with enriched environments as a means to achieve this objective. A framework is provided that consists of a set of hypotheses about well-being, and the extent to which exposure to various enrichment devices and procedures actually promotes well-being is evaluated. Two hypotheses are concerned with fostering species-typical behavior: use (versus nonuse) of the enrichment, and whether use of enrichment helps normalize other aspects of the behavioral repertoire. Two additional hypotheses are concerned with abnormal behavior: whether currently existing enrichment lowers levels of abnormal behavior, and whether it prevents the behavior. This framework is applied to various enrichment strategies ranging from toys and foraging devices to social interaction. Most devices are used by nonhuman primates and thus constitute an important way to enrich the captive environment. However, enrichment devices vary as to their effectiveness in normalizing the behavioral repertoire and eliminating abnormal behavior. Only social contact satisfies the goal of promoting a wide variety of species-typical activities while at the same time reducing or preventing the development of abnormal behavior.
Descriptors: psychological well-being, effectiveness of enrichment devices, promotion of species-typical behavior, science-based approach, reducing or preventing abnormal behavior, importance of social contact, primates as laboratory animals, toys, foraging devices.
Magnussen, F. and V. Melfi. (2004). Is there a reliable method to rapidly evaluate the success of environmental enrichment in captive primates? In: Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Symposium on Zoo Research, July 8, 2004-July 9, 2004, Edinburgh Zoo, Edinburgh, UK, The Federation of Zoological Gardens of Great Britain and Ireland: London, UK, p. 97-107.
Online: http://www.biaza.org.uk/resources/library/images/ARSP6.pdf
Descriptors: empirically measure impacts of enrichment, nine enrichment devices, sensory, manipulative and nutritional enrichments, focal sampling of behavior, Colobus polykomos, king colobus, Colobus guereza, Abyssinian colobus, Hylobates pileatus, pileated gibbon, Hylobates muelleri, grey gibbon, Ateles paniscus, Red faced black spider monkey, zoo settings.
Martin, D.P., T. Gilberto, C. Burns, and H.C. Pautler (2002). Nonhuman primate cage modifications for environmental enrichment. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science 41(5): 47-49. ISSN: 1060-0558.
NAL Call Number: SF405.5.A23
Abstract: Both to meet the regulatory requirements of the Animal Welfare Act and the increasing body of evidence supporting that most species of nonhuman primates (NHP) should be group-housed whenever possible, modifications to nonhuman primate caging are described. Perches and cage-connecting tunnels were fabricated for existing macaque caging. These are semi-permanent, easily sanitizable, and allow for all cage functions to operate as designed. All NHP housed in these cages were part of experimental studies approved by the institutional animal care and use committee.
Descriptors: caging, environmental enrichment, perches, tunnels, IACUC approval, macaques, regulatory requirements.
Mccusker, C. and T.E. Smith (2004). Odour cues as enrichment tools in primates: Caution. Animal Welfare 13(Suppl.): S248-S249. ISSN: 0962-7286.
NAL Call Number: HV4701.A557
Descriptors: odors, olfactory communication, environmental enrichment, nonhuman primate behavior, auto-grooming, self-directed behaviors, social behavior, animal welfare, meeting abstract.
Notes: Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW) Symposium on Science in the Service of Animal Welfare, Edinburgh, UK; April 2-4, 2003.
McManamon, R. (1999). Veterinarian's role in monitoring the behavioral enrichment standards of the Animal Welfare Act. In: M.E. Fowler and R.E. Miller (Editors), Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine: Current Therapy, 4th edition, W.B. Saunders Company: Philadelphia, PA, p. 387-391. ISBN: 0721686648.
NAL Call Number: SF996.Z66 1999
Descriptors: Animal Welfare Act and regulations, nonhuman primate enrichment, exemptions, risk assessment, browse list, developing and documenting an enrichment plan, behavioral goals.
Megna, N. and J. Ganas (2001). Who's enriching whom? The mutual benefits of involving community seniors in a research facility's enrichment program. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 40(1): 8-10. ISSN: 0023-6861.
Online: http://www.brown.edu/Research/Primate/lpn40-1.html
NAL Call Number: SF407.P7 L3
Descriptors: Alliance for Primate Enrichment by Seniors (APES), environmental enrichment, enrichment treats, behavior, interaction with local seniors.
Morton, W.R. and K. Swindler (2005). Serendipitous insights involving nonhuman primates. ILAR Journal 46(4): 346-351. ISSN: 1084-2020.
Online: http://dels.nas.edu/ilar%5Fn/ilarjournal/journal.shtml
NAL Call Number: QL55.A1I43
Abstract: Serendipity is discussed as a form of controlled chaos, a phenomenon in a class with synchronicity and other actions affecting research in terms of theory versus observation (e.g., "optional stopping"). Serendipity is a fundamental aspect of basic research, a profitable and normal outcome in the context of "informed observation." The serendipitous finding fits into the following pattern: it is unanticipated, anomalous, and strategic. All observations that have meaning must fit into some context in the observer's mind or suggest a revolutionary new context. It is critically important to maintain access to the resources provided by established primate centers and similar laboratories to capitalize in a timely way on serendipitous findings and to benefit from valuable discoveries made in more directly targeted development investments. Examples are given of serendipitous insights gained in experimentation and observation relative to nonhuman primate research, including both broad and narrow topics. Genomics, which uses comparison-based strategies and capitalizes on the DNA sequences of genetic information, presents what might seem the basis for endless serendipity because nonhuman primates are likely to share most genes present in the human genome. Other topics discussed include infant behavior, birth periodicity, leprosy, cystic fibrosis, environmental enrichment, endocrinology, drug development, and the rapidly expanding study of infectious diseases and pathogen-based bioterrorism.
Descriptors: basic research, resources provided by established primate centers, serendipitous insights, genomics, infant behavior, environmental enrichment, endocrinology, drug development, infectious diseases, valuable information gained from unanticipated findings.
Nelson, R.J. and T.D. Mandrell (2005). Enrichment and nonhuman primates: "First, do no harm". ILAR Journal 46(2): 171-177. ISSN: 1084-2020.
NAL Call Number: QL55.A1I43
Descriptors: environmental enrichment, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUC), animal care, animal technicians, animal well-being, risk reduction, primates as laboratory animals.
Reinhardt, V. and A. Reinhardt (2000). The lower row monkey cage: An overlooked variable in biomedical research. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 3(2): 141-149. ISSN: 1088-8705.
NAL Call Number: HV4701.J68
Descriptors: primates as laboratory animals, placement of cages, fearfulness, abnormal behavior, stress, animal experiments, animal welfare, literature reviews.
Reinhardt, V. and A. Reinhardt (2000). Social enhancement for adult nonhuman primates in research laboratories: A review. Lab Animal 29(1): 34-41. ISSN: 0093-7355.
NAL Call Number: QL55.A1L33
Descriptors: primates as laboratory animals, enrichment, animal housing, aggressive behavior, males, training of animals, laboratory workers, social housing, pair housing, social enrichment, human-animal interactions.
Reinhardt, V. and A. Reinhardt (2005). Annotated Bibliography on Refinement and Environmental Enrichment for Primates Kept in Laboratories, 8th edition, Animal Welfare Institute: Washington, DC, USA, 89 p.
Online: http://www.awionline.org/lab_animals/biblio/index.html
NAL Call Number: HV4737 .R44 2005
Abstract: This bibliography offers animal caregivers, animal technicians, veterinarians, zoo keepers and students guidance to practical information on refinement and environmental enrichment for primates kept in research institutions.
Descriptors: bibliography on enrichment for nonhuman primates, animal welfare, species-typical behavior, abnormal behavior, social behavior and housing, positive reinforcement training, foraging and food processing behavior, safety concerns, ethics, animal welfare regulations and guidelines, animal use refinement.
Roder, E.L. and P.J.A. Timmermans (2002). Housing and care of monkeys and apes in laboratories: Adaptations allowing essential species-specific behaviour. Laboratory Animals 36(3): 221-242. ISSN: 0023-6772.
NAL Call Number: QL55.A1L3
Abstract: During the last two decades an increasing amount of attention has been paid to the housing and care of monkeys and apes in laboratories, as has been done with the housing and care of other categories of captive animals. The purpose of this review is to develop recommendations for adaptations of housing and care from our knowledge of the daily behavioural activity of monkeys and apes in natural conditions and in enriched laboratory conditions. This review deals mainly with adaptations of daily housing and care with respect to behaviour, and it is restricted to commonly-used species: Callitrichidae (Callitrix jacchus, Saguinus oedipus); Cebidae (Aotus trivirgatus, Saimiri sciureus, Cebus apella); Cercopithecidae (Macaca fascicularis, M. mulatta, M. nemestrina, M. arctoides, Chlorocebus aethiops, Papio hamadryas, P. cynocephalus); Pongidae (Pan troglodytes).
Descriptors: Callithrix jacchus, Saguinus oedipus, Aotus trivirgatus, Saimiri sciureus, Cebus apella, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca mulatta, Macaca nemestrina, Macaca arctoides, Chlorocebus aethiops, Papio hamadryas, Papio cynocephalus, Pan troglodytes, primates as laboratory animals, New World monkeys, chimpanzees, macaques, abnormal behavior, animal welfare, species differences, group size, cage size, perches, foraging, literature reviews, animal use refinement, environmental enrichment.
Schafer, J. (2004). Primate popsicles. Tech Talk 10(3): 4.
Online: http://www.aalas.org/pdfUtility.aspx?pdf=TT/10_3.pdf
Descriptors: foraging enrichment, cost effective enrichment, cleanliness of enrichment, frozen enrichment treats, fruits and vegetables.
Schapiro, S.J. (2000). A few new developments in primate housing and husbandry. Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Science 27(2): 103-110. ISSN: 0901-3393.
Descriptors: primates as laboratory animals, animal husbandry, animal training, animal welfare.
Schub, T. and M. Eisenstein (2003). Enrichment devices for nonhuman primates. Lab Animal 32(10): 37-40. ISSN: 0093-7355.
NAL Call Number: QL55.A1L33
Abstract: There has been in recent years a substantial increase in the variety of enhancement devices available for nonhuman primates in captivity, and the task of properly outfitting a housing unit can be daunting. Researchers continue to investigate the specific impact and importance of environmental enrichment, but it is generally accepted that increasing the complexity of the environment for the mental and physical stimulation of nonhuman primates is beneficial to their health and contentment, and enrichment is now a standard component of primate husbandry.
Descriptors: housing environment, laboratory animals, animal welfare legislation, environmental complexity.
Smith, J.A. and K.M. Boyd (2003). The Boyd Group of Papers on: The use of non-human primates in research and testing. Animal Technology and Welfare 2(2): 99-110. ISSN: 0264-4754.
NAL Call Number: SF757.A62
Descriptors: primates as laboratory animals, Macaca mulatta, toxicology, disease diagnosis, animal law, biomedical research, training of animals, neurophysiology, animal models, animal welfare, animal use alternatives, Macaca fascicularis, Callithrix jacchus, animal behavior, housing.
Ueno, Y. (2005). Welfare for primates as research resources. Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University (Suppl. 1): 65-70. ISSN: 1513-9700.
Descriptors: nonhuman primates as laboratory animals, ethics, cognitive abilities, physical and psychological well-being, environmental enrichment as a strategy for animal health, performance standards.
Veira, Y. and L. Brent (2000). Behavioral Intervention Program: Enriching the lives of captive nonhuman primates. American Journal of Primatology 51(Suppl. 1): 97. ISSN: 0275-2565.
NAL Call Number: QL737.P9A5
Descriptors: abnormal behavior, psychological distress, environmental enrichment, behavioral treatment options, rearing history, research and breeding programs, meeting abstract.
Notes: 23rd Annual Meeting of The American Society of Primatologists, Denver, Colorado, USA; June 21-24, 2000.
Waitt, C., H.M. Buchanan Smith, and K. Morris (2002). The effects of caretaker-primate relationships on primates in the laboratory. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 4(5): 309-319. ISSN: 1088-8705.
NAL Call Number: HV4701.J68
Abstract: As contact with caretakers is likely to make up the majority of human-primate interactions in laboratories, caretakers represent an important influence in the lives of captive primates. The aim of this study was to determine how caretaker-primate relationships affected the behavior of primates in the laboratory. We examined whether stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) who were evaluated by caretakers as being either friendly or unfriendly differed in the quality and quantity of interactions with their caretakers during husbandry procedures and in their behavior at times of high and low levels of caretaker activity. Results revealed that animals who had friendly relationships with caretakers were less disturbed by routine husbandry procedures, approached caretakers more often, and were willing to accept food offered by caretakers compared with animals considered unfriendly toward their caretakers. The study concluded that the quality of the primate-caretaker relationship may have an important impact on behavior and may have implications for the well-being of animals and caretakers, as both can benefit from positive feedback from one another.
Descriptors: stump-tailed macaques, Macaca arctoides, human-animal relationships, animal behavior, laboratory, husbandry procedures, caretaker activity levels, animal well-being.
Weed, J.L., K.C. Baker, and C.M. Crockett (2003). Managing behavioral health and environmental enrichment of laboratory primates. American Journal of Primatology 60 (Suppl. 1): 34. ISSN: 0275-2565.
NAL Call Number: QL737.P9A5
Descriptors: workshop, behavioral management programs, environmental enrichment programs, social enrichment, positive reinforcement training, well-being, meeting abstract.
Notes: 26th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Primatologists, Alberta, Canada; July 30-August 2, 2003.
Weed, J.L., R. Byrum, S. Parrish, M. Knezevich, D.A. Powell, and P.L.O.N. Wagner (2002). Vasectomies as part of an environmental enrichment plan for primates. American Journal of Primatology 57(Suppl. 1): 41. ISSN: 0275-2565.
NAL Call Number: QL737.P9A5
Descriptors: social enrichment, clinical management tool, pair or group housing, self-injurious behavior, behavioral intervention, male nonhuman primates, vasectomy, meeting abstract.
Notes: 25th Annual Meeting of The American Society of Primatologists, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; June 1-4, 2002.
Weed, J.L., K.J. McCollom, and F.A. Cisar (2000). Methods for socializing unfamiliar primates to provide environmental enrichment and promote psychological well-being. American Journal of Primatology 51(Suppl. 1): 98. ISSN: 0275-2565.
NAL Call Number: QL737.P9A5
Descriptors: social housing, pair housing, age effects, stainless steel or acrylic panels, type of caging, partner selection, meeting abstract.
Notes: 23rd Annual Meeting of The American Society of Primatologists, Denver, Colorado, USA; June 21-24, 2000.
Winkler, P. (1999). European Federation for Primatology Workshop 1998 - Diet, foraging behaviour and time budgets in non-human primates: How field studies may help improve the welfare of captive primates. Folia Primatologica 70(1): 62-64. ISSN: 0015-5713.
NAL Call Number: QL737.P9F6
Descriptors: animal welfare, nonhuman primate diets, feeding behavior, Haplorhini , Macaca, design of research protocols, Saimiri, time factors.
Wolfle, T.L. (1999). Psychological well-being of nonhuman primates: A brief history. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 2(4): 297-302. ISSN: 1088-8705.
NAL Call Number: HV4701.J68
Descriptors: primates as laboratory animals, animal housing, environmental enrichment, cage size, animal behavior, Animal Welfare Act, United States of America.
Wormell, D. and M. Brayshaw (2000). The design and redevelopment of new world primate accommodation at Jersey Zoo: A naturalistic approach. Dodo 36: 9-19. ISSN: 0265-5640.
Descriptors: zoo enclosure design, use of tree trunks, environmental enrichment, ropes, quality of life, reduction in stress levels, staff involvement in design process, Jersey Zoo.