Complications Resulting from Sterilization/Contraception Techniques

 

 

 

Aiken, S.W., S. Jakovljevic, G.C. Lantz, and W.E. Blevins (1993). Acquired arteriovenous fistula secondary to castration in a dog. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 202(6): 965-967.  ISSN: 0003-1488.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 Am3

            Abstract:  A 6-year-old castrated male Basset Hound was examined because of a 1-year history of a pulsating mass in the right inguinal region. The pulsatile mass was diagnosed as an arteriovenous fistula by physical examination and angiography. Surgical exploration revealed that the right testicular artery and vein, the artery of the ductus deferens, and the cremasteric artery were involved in the fistula. The fistula was believed to have developed secondary to castration performed at 6 months of age. The mass and associated vessels were completely excised and signs of recurrence were not observed 13 months after surgery.

            Descriptors:  dogs, castration, postoperative complications, fistula, arteries, hemorrhage, case studies

Altarifi, A.R.H. (1982). A study of surgical complications of ovariohysterectomy and pyometra in the bitch and cat. Index to Theses 30(2): 281.

            Descriptors:  cat diseases, dog diseases, uterine diseases, ovariectomy, hysterectomy, pyometra, postoperative complications, cats, dogs

Arbeiter, K. (1986). Harnblaseninkontinenz nach der ovariohysterektomie bei der hundin. [Urinary bladder incontinence in the bitch after ovariohysterectomy]. Kleintier-Praxis 31(5): 215-222.  ISSN: 0023-2076.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 K67

            Descriptors:  dog diseases, surgery, estrogens, acupuncture, ovariectomy, bitches, urinary incontinence, hysterectomy, postoperative complications, dogs

            Note:  Language of text:  German.

Arnold, S. (1997). Harninkontinenz bei kastrierten Hundinnen. Teil 1: Bedeutung, Klinik und Atiopathogenese. [Urinary incontinence in castrated bitches. Part 1: Significance, clinical aspects and etiopathogenesis]. Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde 139(6): 271-276.  ISSN: 0036-7281.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 SCH9

            Abstract:  Acquired urinary incontinence occurs in 20% of spayed dogs and there exists a strong correlation between body weight and the risk of urinary incontinence. Bitches with a body weight of more than 20 kg have a risk of 30% white smaller dogs have a risk of 10%. A particular breed disposition exists in Boxers in which 65% are affected. Other breeds with a more than average disposition for urinary incontinence are Dobermans and Giant Schnauzers. Urinary incontinence due to spaying manifests itself mainly while the dogs are sleeping. The cause is a urethral sphincter incompetence which can be verified by a urethral pressure profile (UPP). The microtransducer method proved to be a suitable method for urodynamic studies. It could be demonstrated that the urethral closure pressure is significantly lower in incontinent bitches (4.6 +/- 2.3 cm H2O) than in continent bitches (18.6 +/- 10.5 cm H2O). In addition, the urethral closure pressure for continent bitches dropped significantly within 12 months after surgery. Histological examination revealed that the functional urethral closure cannot be explained by the extent of discernible structures of the urethral wall as seen by light microscopy.

            Descriptors:  animals, body weight, breeding, dog diseases, dogs, female, hysterectomy, adverse effects of ovariectomy, risk factors, urinary incontinence

            Note:  Language of text:  German; Summary in English.

Arnold, S. (1997). Harninkontinenz bei kastrierten hundinnen. Teil 2: diagnose und behandlung. [Urinary incontinence in spayed bitches. Part 2: diagnosis and treatment]. Schweizer Archiv fuer Tierheilkunde 139(7): 319-324.  ISSN: 0036-7281.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 SCH9

            Abstract:  Urinary incontinence due to spaying is caused by a sphincter incompetence of the urethra. In practice the diagnosis is established by ruling out other causes of incontinence such as neurological disease, bacterial cystitis, urinary tract malformation, iatrogenic ureterovaginal fistula and neoplasia of the urinary tract. An accurate diagnosis of urethral sphincter incompetence is made by urethral pressure profilometry. A urethral closure pressure of 7.4 cm H2O allowed the differentiation of bitches with urinary incontinence, due to spaying, from healthy control dogs with a diagnostic accuracy of 91%. For therapy alpha-adrenergic drugs (Ephedrine or Phenylpropanolamine) are recommended, which result in continence in 74% and improvement in 24% of incontinent patients. In the absence of response estrogens may be used. If the medical therapy fails to achieve urinary continence, the endoscopic injection of collagen into the submucosa of the proximal urethra can be performed. This is a simple and minimally invasive procedure. It rarely leads to complications and may be repeated when necessary. The method is successful in 75% of cases.

            Descriptors:  urinary system, alpha adrenergic agent, bitches, complications, endoscopic collagen injection, ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, spaying, sterilization method, therapeutic method, urinary incontinence

            Note:  Language of text:  German; Summary in English.

Arnold, S. (1997). Harninkontinenz bei kastrierten Hundinnen. [Urinary incontinence in spayed bitches]. Dissertation, Universitat Zurich: Stuttgart, Germany. 103 p.

            NAL Call Number:  SF992.U75A76 1997

            Descriptors:  surgical operations, complications, bitches, urinary incontinence, dogs, spaying

            Note:  Language of text:  German.

Arnold, S., P. Arnold, M. Hubler, M. Casal, and P. Rusch (1989). Incontinentia urinae bei der kastrierten hundin: haufigkeit und rassedisposition. [Urinary incontinence in spayed bitches: frequency and breed predisposition]. Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde 131(5): 259-263.  ISSN: 0036-7281.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 SCH9

            Abstract:  A follow up study was performed in 412 spayed bitches in order to determine the incidence of urinary incontinence. The period between the operation being performed and the survey being made varied between 3 and 10 years. 83 animals (20.1%) were incontinent independent of the surgical procedure (ovariectomy versus ovariohysterectomy). The onset of incontinence varied between immediately to 12 years with an average period of 2.9 years after surgery. 57 of these incontinent bitches were treated with ephedrine or estrogen. In 73.7% a good response was achieved with ephedrine and a further 23.7% showed some improvement. Generally ephedrine was more successful than estrogen in the treatment of incontinence. There appears to be a strong connection between body weight and the incidence of incontinence. Of bitches with a body weight of less than 20 kg only 9.3% were incontinent. Whereas in bitches with a body weight of more than 20 kg the incidence was 30.9%. Of the breeds Boxers showed a high incidence of incontinence (65%) while breeds such as German Shepherds (10.6%) or Dachshunds (11.1%) showed a low incidence in relation to the average incidence rate (20.1%).

            Descriptors:  surgical operations, predisposition, ovariectomy, bitches, postoperative complications, urinary incontinence, dogs

            Note:  Language of text:  German; Summary in English, French and Italian.

Arnold, S., M. Hubler, M. Casal, G. Lott Stolz, B. Hauser, and P. Rusch (1992). The transplantation of autologous ovarian tissue in the bitch for the prevention of side effects due to spaying. A retrospective study several years after surgery. The European Journal of Companion Animal Practice 3(1): 67-71.

            NAL Call Number:  SF981.E8

            Descriptors:  ovariectomy, urinary incontinence, postoperative complications, surgery, dogs

Arnold, S., M. Hubler, M. Casal, G. Lott Stolz, B. Hauser, and P. Rusch (1988). Transplantation von autologem Ovargewebe zur Verhinderung von unerwunschten Kastrationsfolgen bei der Hundin (Uberprufung von Patienten mehrere Jahre nach der Operation). [Transplantation of autologous ovarian tissue to prevent side effects of spaying in bitches (survey of cases several years after the operation)]. Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde 130(7): 369-379.  ISSN: 0036-7281.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 SCH9

            Descriptors:  allografts, ovaries, transplantation, complications, dogs

            Note:  Language of text:  German; Summary in English, French and Italian.

Bagley, R.S., S.A. Dougherty, and J.F. Randolph (1994). Tetanus subsequent to ovariohysterectomy in a dog. Progress in Veterinary Neurology 5(2): 63-65.  ISSN: 1061-575X.

            NAL Call Number:  SF895.P76

            Descriptors:  bitches, ovariectomy, hysterectomy, postoperative complications, tetanus, uterus, Clostridium tetani, case reports

Banks, S.E., I.R. Fleming, and T.N. Browning (1991). Urinary incontinence in a bitch caused by vaginoureteral fistulation. The Veterinary Record 128(5): 108.  ISSN: 0042-4900.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 V641

            Descriptors:  dog diseases, fistula, urinary incontinence, dogs, fistula complications, hysterectomy, ovariectomy

Bellah, J.R., C.P. Spencer, and K.R. Salmeri (1989). Hemiprostatic urethral avulsion during cryptorchid orchiectomy in a dog. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 25(5): 553-556.  ISSN: 0587-2871.

            NAL Call Number:  SF601.A5

            Descriptors:  postoperative complications, urethra, dog diseases, surgery, case reports, cryptorchidism, dogs

Bellenger, C.R. and T.L.W. Rothwell (1991).  Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis in a dog. Australian Veterinary Practitioner 21(3): 131-132, 134.  ISSN: 0310-138X.

            Descriptors:  case report, pathology, therapy, postoperative complications, peritonitis, dogs, abdominal distension, ovariohysterectomy

Berchtold, M. and K. Wissler (1982). Trachtigkeit und Geburt bei einer ovarektomierten Katzin. [Pregnancy and parturition in an ovariectomized cat]. Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde 124(3): 157-159.  ISSN: 0036-7281.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 SCH9

            Descriptors:  ovariectomy, postoperative complications, parturition complications, cats

            Note:  Language of text:  German; Summary in English, French and Italian.

Berchtold, M. and S. Zindel Grunder (1981).  Viszerale Transplantation von Ovargewebe zur Verhinderung von Nebenwirkungen nach der Kastration der Hundin. [Visceral transplantation of ovarian tissue for inhibition of side-effects after castration of the bitch]. Zuchthygiene 16(2): 80. ISSN:  0044-5371.

            NAL Call Number:  SF105.A1Z8

            Descriptors:  ovaries, bitches, ovariectomy, postoperative complications, dogs

            Note:  From the 6th Joint Symposium of German Veterinary Society (Group on Reproduction and its Disorders), German Society for Animal Production (Sanitation Section), German Society for the Study of Fertility and Sterility, and Austrian Society for the Study of Fertility and Sterility on the Subject of Physiology of Reproduction, Berlin, West Germany, March 25-26, 1981.  Language of text:  German.

 

Berzon, J.L. (1979). Complications of elective ovariohysterectomies in the dog and cat at a teaching institution: clinical review of 853 cases. Veterinary Surgery 8(3): 89-91.  ISSN: 0161-3499.

            NAL Call Number:  SF911.V43

            Descriptors:  intraoperative and postoperative complications, students, elective surgery, ovariohysterectomy

Bird, K.E., W.P. Farrar, and M.S. Whitney (1996). What is your diagnosis? [Foreign body granuloma caused by a retained sponge following spay surgery in a dog]. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 25(3): 90, 99.  ISSN: 0275-6382.

            Descriptors:  surgery, postoperative complications, case reports, abdominal cavity, ovariectomy, foreign bodies, granuloma, dogs

Blendinger, C., K. Blendinger, and H. Bostedt (1995). Die Harninkontinenz nach Kastration bei der Hundin. 1. Mitteilung: Entstehung, Haufigkeit und Disposition. [Urinary incontinence following ovariectomy in bitches. I. Origin, frequency and predisposition]. Tierarztliche Praxis 23(3): 291-299.  ISSN: 0303-6286.

            NAL Call Number:  SF603.V4

            Descriptors:  ovariectomy, complications, urinary incontinence, surgery, dogs

            Note:  Language of text:  German; Summary in English.

Blendinger, C., K. Blendinger, and H. Bostedt (1995). Die Harninkontinenz nach Kastration bei der Hundin. 2. Mitteilung: Therapie. [Urinary incontinence in castrated female dogs. 2. Therapy]. Tierarztliche Praxis 23(4): 402-406.  ISSN: 0303-6286.

            NAL Call Number:  SF603.V4

            Abstract:  Several methods can be used for the treatment of urinary incontinence due to urethral sphincter incompetence in spayed bitches. The most commonly applied medicaments are either alpha-sympathomimetics or estrogens. Because of their high effectiveness and little side effects alpha-sympathomimetics should be preferred. A clinical field trial showed that ephedrine and phenylpropanolamine are highly efficient (ephedrine 93%, phenylpropanolamine 97%) and had very little side effects. It has proved to be valuable to apply 1.2-1.7 mg/kg/day (ephedrine) respectively 1.5 mg/kg twice a day (phenylpropanolamine) as an initial dosage and to reduce this step by step to the lowest dosage that keeps the dog continent. When urinary incontinence does not respond to conservative treatment several surgical techniques can be performed.

            Descriptors:  dogs, ephedrine, estrogens, ovariectomy, therapeutic use of phenylpropanolamine, urinary incontinence, urethra, alpha-sykmpathomimetics

            Note:  Language of text:  German.

Bonsack, F.A. (2001). Does not believe there is an ovarian remnant syndrome. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 219(12): 1675-6.  ISSN: 0003-1488.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 Am3

            Descriptors:  cats, hysterectomy, ovariectomy, postoperative complications, laparotomy, veterinary surgery

Cabannes, A., F. Lucchese, H. Pelse, N. Biesel, M. Eymonnot, and M. Appriou (2000). Castration and feline borreliosis in Gironde. Revue de Medecine Veterinaire 151(10): 949-954.  ISSN: 0035-1555.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 R32

            Descriptors:  antibodies, castration, epidemiology, males, females, borreliosis

Campbell, V.L., K.J. Drobatz, and S.Z. Perkowski (2003). Postoperative hypoxemia and hypercarbia in healthy dogs undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy or castration and receiving butorphanol or hydromorphone for analgesia. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 222(3): 330-336.  ISSN: 0003-1488.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 Am3

            Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: To determine frequency and severity of postanesthetic hypoxemia and hypercarbia in healthy dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy or castration and given butorphanol or hydromorphone for analgesia. DESIGN: Prospective trial. ANIMALS: 0 healthy dogs weighing > 10 kg (22 lb). PROCEDURE: Dogs were anesthestized with acepromazine, glycopyrrolate, thiopental, and isoflurane, and butorphanol (n = 10) or hydromorphone (10) was used for perioperative analgesia. Arterial blood gas analyses were performed 10 and 30 minutes and 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after extubation. RESULTS: In dogs that received hydromorphone, mean PaCO2 was significantly higher, compared with the preoperative value, 10 and 30 minutes and 1, 2, and 3 hours after extubation. Mean PaCO2 was significantly higher in dogs given hydromorphone rather than butorphanol 10 and 30 minutes and 1 and 2 hours after extubation. Mean PaO2 was significantly lower, compared with preoperative values, 30 minutes and 1 and 2 hours after extubation in dogs given hydromorphone and 30 minutes after extubation in dogs given butorphanol. Mean PaO2 was significantly lower in dogs given hydromorphone rather than butorphanol 1 hour after extubation. Four dogs had PaO2 < 80 mm Hg 1 or more times after extubation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that administration of hydromorphone to healthy dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy or castration may result in transient increases in PaCO2 postoperatively and that administration of hydromorphone or butorphanol may result in transient decreases in PaO2. However, increases in PaCO2 and decreases in PaO2 were mild, and mean PaCO2 and PaO2 remained within reference limits.

            Descriptors:  analgesics, anoxemia, butorphanol, hydromorphone, hypercapnia, postoperative complications, blood gas analysis, dogs, hysterectomy, orchiectomy, ovariectomy, adverse effects

Carrig, C.B., I.M. Gourley, and A.L. Philbrick (1972). Primary abdominal pregnancy in a cat subsequent to ovariohysterectomy. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 160(3): 308-318.  ISSN: 0003-1488.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 Am3

            Descriptors:  ovariectomy, cat diseases, pregnancy complications, postoperative complications

Cooley, D.M., B.C. Beranek, D.L. Schlittler, N.W. Glickman, L.T. Glickman, and D.J. Waters (2002). Endogenous gonadal hormone exposure and bone sarcoma risk. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 11(11):  1434-1440.  ISSN: 1055-9965.

            Descriptors:  endocrine system, tumor biology, bone sarcoma, bone disease, neoplastic disease, age at gonadectomy, bone sarcoma development

Coolman, B., S. Marretta, M. Dudley, and S. Averill (1999). Partial colonic obstruction following ovariohysterectomy: a report of three cases. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 35(2): 169-172.  ISSN: 0587-2871.

            NAL Call Number:  SF601.A5

            Abstract:  Partial extramural obstruction of the descending colon was diagnosed in two dogs and a cat as a complication of elective ovariohysterectomy. In each case, the obstruction was caused by fibrous tissue that encircled or crossed the descending colon, severely restricting the organ's normal mobility and luminal diameter. Clinical signs secondary to obstipation were observed in two cases, five weeks and 27 months after elective ovariohysterectomy. In one dog without clinical signs, the adhesion was an incidental finding during a laparotomy performed nine years after the ovariohysterectomy. The fibrous adhesions were removed surgically in all three cases without additional complications.

            Descriptors:  dog, cat, elective ovariohysterectomy, complications, fibrous band, colonic obstruction, obstipation, removal of fibrous adhesions

Costa, F.S., D.M. Aguiar de, R. Giuffrida, M.R. Farias de, R. Torres Neto, D.M. de Aguiar, and M.R. de Farias (2002). Tetano em um gato. [Tetanus in a cat]. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 39(3): 160-162.  ISSN: 1413-9596.

            Descriptors:  bacterial toxins, case reports, epidemiology, neurotoxins, pathogenesis, tetanus, cats, orchiectomy complications

            Note:  Language of text:  Portuguese; Summary in English.

Czerniak, A., C. Pelz Czerniak, P. Szabo, and A. Wahle (1992). Verklebung im Abdominalbereich nach Laparotomien (Kastration) bei gesunden Hunden und ihre Folgen. [Abdominal adhesions in three bitches after ovariectomy and their consequences]. Praktische Tierarzt 73(10): 968-969.  ISSN: 0032-681X.

            Descriptors:  case reports, ovariectomy, bitches, postoperative complications, adhesions, dogs

            Note:  Language of text:  German; Summary in English.

David, G. and E.I. Rajendran (1980). The after-effects of spaying in bitches and cats. Cheiron 9(3): 193-195.  ISSN: 0379-542X.

            NAL Call Number:  SF604.C56

            Descriptors:  urinary incontinence, obesity, ovariectomy, postoperative complications

Davies, N.L. (1989). Complications of ovarian autotransplantation in bitches. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 60(3): 145.  ISSN: 0301-0732.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 So8

            Descriptors:  dogs, postoperative complications, neoplasms, ovaries, ovariectomy

Day, D.G., M.Q. Bailey, K.L. Evans, D.D. Smeak, and S.P. DiBartola (1993). Postoperative evaluation of renal function after surgical correction of a ureterovaginal fistula in a cat.  Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 202(1): 104-106.  ISSN: 0003-1488.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 Am3

            Descriptors:  cats, ovariectomy, hysterectomy, fistulation, surgical operations, urination disorders, case studies, carnivora, disorders, felidae, functional disorders, gonadectomy, mammals, sterilization, surgical operations, postoperative complications, urinary incontinence

de Baerdemaecker, G.C. (1984). Post spaying vaginal discharge in a bitch caused by acquired vaginoureteral fistula. The Veterinary Record 115(3): 62.  ISSN: 0042-4900.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 V641

            Descriptors:  dogs, hysterectomy, female genital diseases, fistulation, animals, genital diseases, injurious factors, urovagina, complications, surgical factors

Demetriou, J.L. and E.M. Welsh (2000). Colonic obstruction in an adult cat following open castration. The Veterinary Record 147(6): 165-166.  ISSN: 0042-4900.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 V641

            Descriptors:  complications, cats, gut-tie, colonic stricture, fibrous ring, dorsal cystotomy, faecal tenesmus, spermatic cord, ligation of spermatic vasculature, inflammation

Dhaliwal, G.K. (1990). Postoperative complications in ovariohysterectomized dogs and cats. Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia 2(2): 158.  ISSN: 9128-2506.

            Descriptors:  surgery, suture techniques, ovariectomy, hysterectomy, postoperative complications, dogs, cats

            Note:  Abstracts from 2nd Congress, Veterinary Association Malaysia, October 1990.

 

Dorn, A.S. and R.A. Swist (1977). Complications of canine ovariohysterectomy. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 13(6): 720-724.  ISSN: 0587-2871.

            NAL Call Number:  SF601.A5

            Descriptors:  breeds, age, techniques, bitches, ovariectomy, hysterectomy, postoperative complications, surgery

Douglas, I.H. and R.H. Wrigley (1979). What is your diagnosis? [Femur fracture in a cat after castration]. Australian Veterinary Practitioner 9(2).  ISSN: 0310-138X.

            Descriptors:  case reports, radiography, fractures, femur, postoperative complications, gonadectomy

Dubey, J.P., J. Benson, and M.A. Larson (2003). Clinical Sarcocystis neurona encephalomyelitis in a domestic cat following routine surgery. Veterinary Parasitology 112(4): 261-267.  ISSN: 0304-4017.

            NAL Call Number:  SF810.V4

            Descriptors:  nervous system, parasitology, parasitic disease, routine castration surgery, cats

Engels, J., N. Albrecht, D. Hagenbeck, and B. Struckmann (1995). Tetanus beim hund. [Tetanus in a dog]. Kleintier-Praxis 40(9): 707-708, 713-715.  ISSN: 0023-2076.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 K67

            Descriptors:  tetanus, case reports, therapy, antibiotics, immune serum, postoperative complications, dogs, Clostridium tetani

            Note:  Language of text:  German.

Ewers, R.S. and P.E. Holt (1992). Urological complications following ovariohysterectomy in a bitch. The Journal of Small Animal Practice 33(5): 236-238.  ISSN: 0022-4510.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 J8292

            Descriptors:  dogs, dystocia, pathology, diagnosis, bladder,  hysterectomy, animal morphology, canidae,  carnivora, disorders, functional disorders, mammals, parturition complications, reproductive disorders, surgical operations, urinary tract, urogenital system, ovariohysterectomy, postoperative complications

Fehr, M. (1989). Fadenfisteln aufgrund persistierender Kastrationsligaturen bei der Hundin. [Suture fistula from persistent ovariohysterectomy ligature in bitches]. Kleintier-Praxis 34(3): 103-107.  ISSN: 0023-2076.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 K67

            Descriptors:  sutures, fistula, hysterectomy, postoperative complications, dogs

            Note:  Language of text:  German; Summary in English and French.

Flynn, M.F., E.M. Hardie, and P.J. Armstrong (1992). Effect of ovariohysterectomy on maintenance energy requirement (MER) in cats: a dietary balance study. Veterinary Surgery 21(5): 388.  ISSN: 0161-3499.

            NAL Call Number:  SF911.V43

            Abstract:  27th Annual Meeting, American College of Veterinary Surgeons, November 1992, Miami, Florida.

            Descriptors:  obesity, postoperative complications, diets, ovariectomy, hysterectomy, nutrient requirements, surgery, cats

Furneaux, R., B. Baysen, and K. Mero (1973). Complications of ovariohysterectomies. The Canadian Veterinary Journal: La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne 14(4): 98-99.  ISSN: 0008-5286.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 R3224

            Descriptors:  adhesions, castration, cats, dogs, female, hysterectomy, postoperative complications, case reports

Gajentaan, J.E. (1982). Gastric dilatation after ovariohysterectomy in a dog. Veterinary Medicine: Small Animal Clinician 77(4): 608, 610.  ISSN: 0042-4889.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 M69

            Descriptors:  hysterectomy, ovariectomy, postoperative complications, dogs

Galatos, A.D., T. Rallis, and D. Raptopoulos (1994). Post anaesthetic oesophageal stricture formation in three cats. The Journal of Small Animal Practice 35(12): 638-642.  ISSN: 0022-4510.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 J8292

            Descriptors:  cat diseases, anesthesia, case reports, pathology, diagnosis, therapy, esophageal diseases, stenosis, postoperative complications, cats, ovariohysterectomy

Ganssbauer, B., S. Kramer, A. Meyer Lindenberg, and I. Nolte (2000). Tetanus nach ovariohysterektomie bei einem hund. [Tetanus following ovariohysterectomy in a dog].  Tierarztliche Praxis 28(4): 225-229.  ISSN: 1434-1239.

            NAL Call Number:  SF603.V433

            Descriptors:  case reports, diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, postoperative complications, clinical aspects, castration, ovariectomy, dogs, Clostridium tetani

Gokce, A.P., O. Besalti, A. Ozak, and S. Tong (1999). Ovariohisterektomi yapilan kopek ve kedilerde flank fistulleri: 13 olgu (1996-1998). [Flank fistulae in ovariohysterectomized dogs and cats]. Veteriner Cerrahi Dergisi 5(3-4): 5-8.  ISSN: 1300-7106.

            Descriptors:  ovariectomy, hysterectomy, fistula, postoperative complications, surgery, cats, dogs

            Note:  Language of text:  Turkish; Summary in English.

 

Gregory, S.P., P.E. Holt, T.J. Parkinson, and C.M. Wathes (1999). Vaginal position and length in the bitch: relationship to spaying and urinary incontinence. The Journal of Small Animal Practice 40(4): 180-184.  ISSN: 0022-4510.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 J8292

            Descriptors:  bitches, vagina, position, length, ovariectomy, urinary incontinence, pressure, bodyweight

Guarneri Boe, M.A. and D. Lange (1995). When to neuter: the controversy. Iowa State University Veterinarian 57(1): 6-9.  ISSN: 0099-5851.

            Descriptors:  kittens, surgery, age, anesthesia, postoperative complications, castration, cats

Hadley, B.J., M.A. Berry, and M.A. Kaufmann (1970). Effect on postoperative recovery rate and comfort of four approaches to nursing care of dogs: a pilot study. Communicating Nursing Research 3: 121-137.  ISSN: 0160-1652.

            Descriptors:  convalescence, nursing care, postoperative care, castration, dogs, hysterectomy, physical stimulation, pilot projects, postoperative complications, preoperative care, time factors

Hart, B.L. (2001). Effect of gonadectomy on subsequent development of age-related cognitive impairment in dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 219(1): 51-56.  ISSN: 0003-1488.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 Am3

            Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: To determine whether gonadectomy predisposes dogs to development of age-related behavioral changes linked to cognitive impairment. DESIGN: Cohort study. ANIMALS: 29 sexually intact male dogs, 63 spayed female dogs, and 47 castrated male dogs 11 to 14 years old. PROCEDURE: Information on possible impairments in 4 behavioral categories linked to cognitive impairment (orientation in the home and yard, social interactions, house training, and sleep-wake cycle) was obtained from owners of the dogs by use of a structured telephone interview format. A second interview was performed 12 to 18 months after the initial interview, and differences in responses were evaluated. RESULTS: Sexually intact male dogs were significantly less likely than neutered dogs to progress from mild impairment (i.e., impairment in 1 category) to severe impairment (i.e., impairment in > or = 2 categories) during the time between the first and second interviews. This difference was not attributable to differences in ages of the dogs, duration of follow-up, or the owners' perceptions of the dogs' overall health. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that the presence of circulating testosterone in aging sexually intact male dogs may slow the progression of cognitive impairment, at least among dogs that already have signs of mild impairment. Estrogens would be expected to have a similar protective role in sexually intact female dogs; unfortunately, too few sexually intact female dogs were available for inclusion in the study to test this hypothesis. There may be a need to evaluate possible methods for counteracting the effects of loss of sex hormones in gonadectomized dogs.

            Descriptors:  gonadectomy, cognition disorders, dogs, estrogens, testosterone, age factors

Hermo, G., Y. Corrada, and C. Gobello (2003). Incontinencia urinaria pos-castracion en la perra. [Post spaying urinary incontinence in the bitch] . Revista de Medicina Veterinaria Buenos Aires 84(4): 185-187.  ISSN: 0325-6391.

            Descriptors:  bitches, clinical aspects, diagnosis, ovariectomy, postoperative complications, surgery,  surgical operations, therapy, urinary incontinence, dogs

Hoenig, M., S. Alexander, S. Tolbert, and H. Pazak (2000). Transient insulin resistance in cats after neutering. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 14(3): 377.  ISSN: 0891-6640.

            NAL Call Number:  SF601.J65

            Descriptors:  metabolism, neutering, contraceptive method, transient insulin resistance

Howe, L.M. (1997). Short-term results and complications of prepubertal gonadectomy in cats and dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 211(1): 57-62.  ISSN: 0003-1488.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 Am3

            Abstract:  OBJECTIVE: To determine short-term results and complications of prepubertal gonadectomy in cats and dogs. DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. ANIMALS: 775 cats and 1,213 dogs. PROCEDURE: Animals undergoing gonadectomy were allotted into 3 groups on the basis of estimated age (group 1, < 12 weeks old; group 2, 12 to 23 weeks old; group 3, > or = 24 weeks old). Complications during anesthesia, surgery, and the immediate postoperative period (7 days) were recorded. Complications were classified as major (required treatment and resulted in an increase in morbidity or mortality) or minor (required little or no treatment and caused a minimal increase in morbidity). An ANOVA was used to detect differences among groups in age, weight, body temperature, and duration of surgery. To detect differences in complication rates among groups, chi 2 analysis was used. RESULTS: Group 1 consisted of 723 animals, group 2 consisted of 532, and group 3 consisted of 733. Group-3 animals had a significantly higher overall complication rate (10.8%) than group-1 animals (6.5%), but did not differ from group-2 animals (8.8%). Differences were not detected among the 3 groups regarding major complications (2.9, 3.2, and 3.0% for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively), but group-3 animals had significantly more minor complications (7.8%) than group-1 animals (3.6%), but not group-2 animals (5.6%). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: In this study, prepubertal gonadectomy did not increase morbidity or mortality on a short-term basis, compared with gonadectomy performed on animals at the traditional age. These procedures may be performed safely in prepubertal animals, provided that appropriate attention is given to anesthetic and surgical techniques.

            Descriptors:  age factors, cats, dogs, adverse effects of hysterectomy, orchiectomy, ovariectomy, population control, postoperative complications

Kassem, M.M., S.R. Nouh, M.H. El Guindi, M.B. Noseir, and M.Y. Abboud (1985). Studies on some modifications of ovariohysterectomy in bitches and its complication [Egypt]. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal 15(29): 197-204.  ISSN: 1012-5973.

            Descriptors:  postoperative complications, ovariectomy, hysterectomy, veterinary surgery, dogs

            Note:  Language of text:  English; Summary in Arabic.

Kunin, S. and M. Terry (1980). A complication following ovariohysterectomy in a dog. Veterinary Medicine: Small Animal Clinician 75(6): 1000-1001.  ISSN: 0042-4889.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 M69

            Descriptors:  bladder diseases, castration, dog diseases, hysterectomy, postoperative complications, dogs

Kwapien, R.P., R.C. Giles, R.G. Geil, and H.W. Casey (1977). Basaloid adenomas of the mammary gland in beagle dogs administered investigational contraceptive steroids. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 59(3): 933-940.  ISSN: 0027-8874.

            NAL Call Number:  176.622 J82

            Descriptors:  adenomas, oral contraceptives, mammary tumors, light microscopy, progestins, estrogens, mestranol, dogs

Kwapien, R.P., R.C. Giles, R.G. Geil, and H.W. Casey (1980). Malignant mammary tumors in beagle dogs dosed with investigational oral contraceptive steroids. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 65(1): 137-144.  ISSN: 0027-8874.

            NAL Call Number:  176.622 J82

            Abstract:  Of 172 beagle dogs administered investigational oral contraceptive steroids for 2.4-5.2 yr, 9 developed malignant mammary tumors. At necropsy their ages varied from 41-70 mo., with a mean age of 4.9 yr. The malignant tumors were observed in 1 dog that received ethynerone plus mestranol at 1.05 mg/kg per day and in 4 dogs that received chlorethynyl norgestrel plus menstranol at 1.05 mg/kg per day. Also, 4 dogs that received anagestone acetate plus menstranol at 0.44 or 1.10 mg/kg per day developed malignant mammary tumors. Malignant tumors were not seen in 33 dogs administered mestranol at 0.02 and 0.05 mg/kg per day for 7 yr or in 18 dogs given ethynerone without mestranol at 1.00 mg/kg per day for 5 yr. No malignant tumors were observed in 18 control dogs maintained for 7 yr without treatment. Three dogs had single malignant mammary nodules, 3 dogs had 2 malignant nodules, 2 dogs had 4-6 malignant nodules and 1 dog in the treatment group given high dosages of ethynerone plus mestranol had 14 mammary nodules composed of fibrosarcoma. The malignant tumors were histologically classified as 5 anaplastic carcinomas, 2 solid carcinomas, 1 tubular adenocarcinoma, 1 squamous cell carcinoma and 1 fibrosarcoma. Most dogs had only 1 histologic type of cancer (8/9 dogs); 1 dog had carcinomas of both solid and anaplastic types involving different glands. Metastases were present in 5 dogs and most often involved regional lymph nodes and lung.

            Descriptors:  adenocarcinoma, carcinogens, oral contraceptives, dogs, fibrosarcoma, lung neoplasms, mammary tumors, mestranol, norgestrel, norpregnadienes, pregnenes

Kyles, A.E., M. Aronsohn, E.A. Stone and  A.J. Lipowitz (1996). Urogenital surgery. In: A.J. Lipowitz (editor), Complications in Small Animal Surgery: Diagnosis, Management, Prevention, Williams and Wilkins: Baltimore, MD, p. 455-525.  ISBN: 0-683-05047-8.

            Descriptors:  urolithiasis, biopsy, ureter, kidney diseases, urethra, pyometra, cryptorchidism, urogenital system, postoperative complications, surgery, cats, dogs

Kyles, A., J. Douglass, and J. Rottman (1996). Pyelonephritis following inadvertent excision of the ureter during ovariohysterectomy in a bitch. The Veterinary Record 139(19): 471-472.  ISSN: 0042-4900.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 V641

            Descriptors:  bitches, ovariectomy, hysterectomy, complications, ureter, excision, pyelonephritis, case reports

Lamb, C.R. (1994). Acquired ureterovaginal fistula secondary to ovariohysterectomy in a dog: diagnosis using ultrasound-guided nephropyelocentesis and antegrade ureterography. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 35(3): 201-203.  ISSN: 1058-8183.

            NAL Call Number:  SF757.8.A4

            Descriptors:  dogs, ovariectomy, surgical operations, case studies, diagnosis, ultrasonics, fistulation, gonadectomy, sterilization, terriers, postoperative complications

Lee, E.A. and B.R. Jones (1996). Localised tetanus in two cats after ovariohysterectomy. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 44(3): 105-108.  ISSN: 0048-0169.

            Descriptors:  case reports, surgical operations, ovariectomy, diagnosis, treatment, drug therapy, postoperative complications, tetanus, hysterectomy, cats

Lekcharoensuk, C., C.A. Osborne, and J.P. Lulich (2001). Epidemiologic study of risk factors for lower urinary tract diseases in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 218(9): 1429-1435.  ISSN: 0003-1488.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 Am3

            Descriptors:  cats, urinary tract diseases, risk factors, morbidity, epidemiology, breed differences, age differences, sex differences, gonadectomy

Liaw, B.S., C.H. Chi, and L.S. Yeh (2003). Case report: retrospective study of long-term complications after spay surgery in dogs and cats. Taiwan Veterinary Journal 29 (2): 156-161.  ISSN: 1682-6485.

            Descriptors:  case reports, clinical aspects, ovariectomy, ovaries, postoperative care, postoperative complications, surgery, uterus, cats, dogs

Liu, P.C., K.C. Tung, C.L. Shyu, and Y.P. Chen (2000). Case report: canine pyometra resulting from inadequate contraception surgery. Journal of the Chinese Society of Veterinary Science 26(1): 78-83.  ISSN: 0253-9179.

            NAL Call Number:  SF604.C54

            Descriptors:  pyometra, surgery, ovariectomy, postoperative complications, case reports, dogs

Lubberink, A.A., A.C. Okkens, G. Voorhout, and I. Van der Gaag (1981). Ontstekingsprocessen, caudaal van de ribboog na ovario-hysterectomie bij de hond. [Inflammatory lesions caudal to the costal arch following ovariohysterectomy in the bitch]. Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 106(23): 1208-1214.  ISSN: 0040-7453.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 T431

            Abstract:  Over a period of thirty months, twenty-two dogs showing inflammatory lesions caudal to the costal arch following ovariohysterectomy were submitted for examination. Seventeen patients showed fistulae, four showed painful swellings and one patient showed a fistula on one and a swelling on another side. After the findings on physical examination, the results of bacteriological haematological and radiological studies are reported. Surgical procedures consisted in laparotomy through the median line and/or local exploration of the region of the flanks, which led to laparotomy in some cases. The prognosis was bad in these cases; of eighteen patients with fistulae, only six, and of four patients showing swellings two recovered. The findings in six dogs submitted for post-mortem examination are reported.

            Descriptors:  ovariectomy, fistula, hysterectomy, postoperative complications, dogs

            Note:  Language of text:  Dutch; Summary in English.

MacCoy, D.M., G. Ogilvie, T. Burke, and A. Parker (1988). Postovariohysterectomy ureterovaginal fistula in a dog. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 24(4): 469-471.  ISSN: 0587-2871.

            NAL Call Number:  SF601.A5

            Descriptors:  dogs, case reports, ureter, vagina, hysterectomy, fistula, postoperative complications

May, C. (1998). Orthopaedic effects of prepubertal neutering in dogs. The Veterinary Record 142(3): 71-72.  ISSN: 0042-4900.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 V641

            Descriptors:  radius, ulna, castration, surgery, dogs, prepubertal gonadectomy

McEvoy, F.J. (1994). Iatrogenic renal obstruction in a dog. The Veterinary Record 135(19): 457-458.  ISSN: 0042-4900.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 V641

            Descriptors:  surgical operations, postoperative complications, hysterectomy, case reports, ureter, kidneys, obstruction, kidney diseases, dogs

McLaughlin, M.A. (2002). More thoughts on ovarian remnant syndrome. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 220(3): 295.  ISSN: 0003-1488.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 Am3

            Descriptors:  animals, cats, hysterectomy, ovariectomy, postoperative complications

Mehl, M.L. and A.E. Kyles (2003). Ureteroureterostomy after proximal ureteric injury during an ovariohysterectomy in a dog. The Veterinary Record 153(15): 469-470.  ISSN: 0042-4900.

            Descriptors:  dogs, female, adverse effects of hysterectomy and ovariectomy, ureter, ultrasonagraphy.

Miller, D.M. (1995). Ovarian remnant syndrome in dogs and cats: 46 cases (1988-1992). Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 7(4): 572-574.  ISSN: 1040-6387.

            NAL Call Number:  SF774.J68

            Descriptors:  bitches, cats, queens, ovariectomy, hysterectomy, age, breeds, complications, histopathology, animal tissues

Millis, D.L., J.G. Hauptman, and M. Richter (1992). Preoperative and postoperative hemostatic profiles of dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Cornell Veterinarian 82(4): 465-470.  ISSN: 0010-8901.

            Descriptors:  dog diseases, surgical operations, postoperative complications, hematology, ovariectomy, hysterectomy

Modigh, A. (1996). Post-operativa komplikationer till ovariohysterektomi utfoerd vid pyometra hos hund. Foerdjupningsarbete. [Post-operative complications of ovariohysterectomy in the bitch].  Monograph, Uppsala (Sweden), SLU, 14 p.

            Descriptors:  dogs, pyometra, hysterectomy, ovariectomy, functional disorders, canidae, carnivora, disorders, female genital diseases, genital diseases, gonadectomy, mammals, organic diseases, sterilization, surgical operations, uterine diseases

            Note:  Language of text:  Swedish.

 

Mohammed, A., I. Igbokwe, and M.M. Musa (1993). Observations on immediate post-surgical complications of ovariohysterectomy (spaying) in mongrel bitches. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa 41(3): 229-231.  ISSN: 0378-9721.

            Descriptors:  bitches, surgery, ovariectomy, hysterectomy, postoperative complications, dogs

Moormann, K., M. Sager, and J. Assheuer (2003). Schmerzen im Bereich der Harnblase als Komplikation nach Ovariohysterektomie bei einer Hundin. [Abdominal pain as a complication after ovario-hysterectomy in a bitch]. Kleintier-Praxis 48(3): 151-155.  ISSN: 0023-2076.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 K67

            Descriptors:  bitches, case reports, clinical aspects, hysterectomy, ovaries, postoperative complications, surgery, surgical operations, dogs

            Note:  Language of text:  German; Summary in English.

Muir, R., S. Goldsmid, and C. Bellenger (1991). Megacolon in a cat following ovariohysterectomy. The Veterinary Record 129: 512-513.  ISSN: 0042-4900.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 V641

            Descriptors:  adhesions, cats, constipation, female, hysterectomy, megacolon, ovariectomy, postoperative complications

Murphy, S.T., S.M. Newell, and C.F. Burrows (1998). What is your diagnosis? Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 212: 195-196.  ISSN: 0003-1488.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 Am3

            Descriptors:  dogs, hysterectomy, suture techniques, postoperative complications

Musselman, E.E. and S.M. Hartsfield (1976).  Complete atrioventricular heart block due to hypokalemia following ovariohysterectomy. Veterinary Medicine: Small Animal Clinician 71(2): 155-159.  ISSN: 0042-4889.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 M69

            Descriptors:  castration, dogs, hypokalemia, hysterectomy, complications

Neiger, R. and C.R. Lamb (2000). Retrograde vaginographie zur diagnose einer ureterovaginalen fistel nach ovariohysterektomie: zwei faille. [Uretrovaginal fistula as complication of a ovariohysterectomy: two cases]. Schweizer Archiv fuer Tierheilkunde 142(9): 529-533.  ISSN: 0036-7281.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 SCH9

            Descriptors:  ureterovaginal fistula, clinical pathology, female reproductive system disease, urologic disease, abdominal ultrasound, complications of ovariohysterectomy, case study

Nelson, L.W., J.H. Weikel Jr., and F.E. Reno (1973). Mammary nodules in dogs during four years' treatment with megestrol acetate or chlormadinone acetate. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 51(4): 1303-11.  ISSN: 0027-8874.

            Abstract:  A 7 year study of megestrol and chlormadinone in female dogs is in progress.  This report characterized histopathologically 60 mammary nodules during the first 4 years of the study.  100 purebred female beagles, 6-12 months of age, were randomly assigned to 5 equal groups.  One group was used as a control.  Oral doses were .01, .10, and .25 mg/kg/day of megestrol acetate in coconut oil in capsules and of chlormadinone acetate .25 mg/kg/day in lactose tablets.  These doses were 1, 10, and 25 times the projected dose of megestrol for humans and about 25 times the human dose of chlormadinone.  After 2 years 4 dogs from each group were necropsied.  One high-dose megestrol-treated and 1 chlormadinone-treated dog had benign mixed mammary tumors.  Palpable nodules were first observed at 16 months in the chlormadinone-treated dogs, at 18 months in dogs given the high dose megestrol and at 27 months in the dogs treated with middle-dose megestrol.  Transitory nodules were found in 4 control dogs after 21 months and in low dose megestrol-treated dogs at 26 months.  Of 38 grossly detected nodules evaluated microscopically from the megestrol-treated dogs 27 were nodular hyperplasia, 5 were benign mixed mammary tumors, 3 were ductal dialatations, 1 was a lymph node, 1 was fat necrosis and 1 was the  umbilicus.  Of 22 nodules from the chlormadinone-treated dogs 12 were nodular hyperplasia, 4 benign mixed mammary tumors, 1 chondromucoid degeneration and 1 adenocarcinoma with widespread metastases.  3 nodules were lymph nodes and 1 other had no mammary tissue.  Involutions, regression and sclerosis of many areas of nodular hyperplasia were evident at 4 years.  Thus of the 60 nodules evaluated during the first 4 years of the study 50 were non-neoplastic and 10 were neoplastic.  It is considered that the 1 adenocarcinoma may have been spontaneous and not a treatment-related neoplasm.  A precursor stage through nodular hyperplasia apparently did not occur.

            Descriptors:  adenocarcinoma, chlormadinone, contraceptives, mammary glands, drug effects, megestrol, adenocarcinoma, chlormadinone acetate, dogs, hyperplasia

Nickel, R.F. (1992). Hoe vaak komt incontinentia urinae voor als complicatie na ovariohysterectomie bij de hond? [How often does urinary incontinence occur as a complication following ovario-hysterectomy in dogs?]. Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 117(15-16): 464.  ISSN: 0040-7453.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 T431

            Descriptors:  dog diseases, hysterectomy, ovariectomy, urinary incontinence, dogs

            Note:  Language of text:  Dutch.

Okkens, A.C., S.J. Dieleman, and I. van der Gaag (1981). Gynaecologische complicaties na ovariohysterectomie bij de hond ten gevolge van: 1. Het incompleet verwijderen van de ovaria. 2. Een ontsteking van de uterus-cervixsomp. [Gynaecological complications following ovariohysterectomy in dogs, due to partial removal of the ovaries or inflammation of the uterocervical stump]. Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 106(22): 1142-1158.  ISSN: 0040-7453.

            NAL Call Number:  41.8 T431

            Abstract:  Of the total number of dogs with complications following ovario-hysterectomy submitted during the period from January 1977 to July 1979 (109), fifty-five showed gynaecological symptoms such as discharge of the vulva (28), attractiveness to male dogs (37), periods of heat (28) and pseudopregnancy (14). In addition to a general clinical examination, the dogs (forty-two of these fifty-five weighing more than 20 kg) underwent a selective gynaecological examination usually consisting in clinical, cytological and bacteriological studies and estimation of the progesterone level of the peripheral blood. At the same time, the progesterone levels of the peripheral blood of six beagles were studied for comparative purposes during pro-oestrus, oestrus and metoestrus; the maximum progesterone level was recorded about day 20 and varied from 35 to 60 ng/ml. The average progesterone level was determined in thirty-nine beagles during anoestrus and found to be 0.24 +/- 0.02 SEM ng/ml. The basal progesterone level was determined in eight dogs in which total ovariohysterectomy had been performed (0.14 +/- 0.02 SEM ng of progesterone /ml). When a cytological study was done in the dogs with residual ovarian tissue, an oestrus pattern was observed in 39 per cent of the cases, the progesterone level of the peripheral blood being above the basal level in 70 per cent of the cases. Remnants of ovarian tissue were removed during laparotomy in forty-seven dogs, on the right side in forty-one cases and on the left in twenty-two cases. The uterocervical stump was shortened when uterine tissue was probably or obviously present. The uterine stump was more or less severely inflamed in nineteen cases. The procedure was confined to shortening of the uterocervical stump in eight dogs in which ovarian tissue was not found to be present. The inflamed stump contained an unabsorbable ligature in seven dogs, the uterocervical stump of the eighth dog not being examined.

            Descriptors:  dogs, female, laparotomy, ovariectomy, hysterectomy, postoperative complications, veterinary surgery

            Note:  Language of text:  Dutch; Summary in English.