Johne's Disease--Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: A Debilitating Enteric Disease of Ruminants


Return to Contents

2005


Alvarez, J.; Juan, L. de; Briones, V.; Romero, B.; Aranaz, A.; Fernandez-Garayzabal, J.F.; Mateos, A.  Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in fallow deer and wild boar in Spain.  Veterinary Record.  2005; 156(7): 212-213.  ISSN: 0042-4900.
URL:  http://veterinaryrecord.bvapublications.com/
NAL Call No.:  41.8 V641
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Johne’s disease, disease incidence, fallow deer, wild boar, Spain.

Aly, S.S.; Thurmond, M.C.  Evaluation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection of dairy cows attributable to infection status of the dam.  Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.  2005; 227(3): 450-454.  ISSN: 0003-1488.
URL:  http://www.avma.org/
NAL Call No.:  41.8 AM3
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, dairy cow infection, transmission levels from mother to calves.

Anonymous.  3rd Annual Symposium of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Bet Dagan, Israel.  Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine.  2005; 60(1): 33-38.  ISSN:  0334-9152.
Descriptors:  domestic animals, cats, dogs, cattle, pigs, West Nile virus, Streptococcus, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, laboratory animals, fish, various topics, infectious diseases, immunology.

Aradaib, I.E.; Abbas, Z.A.; Abbas, B.; El Sanousi, S.M.  Evaluation of conventional methods and nested PCR (nPCR) for detection of paratuberculosis in goats.  Veterinary Research Communications.  2005; 29(5): 381-385. ISSN:  0165-7380.  
URL:  http://www.springerlink.com/(adb1ua55ubfoab45vpcz30vb)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:103009,1
NAL Call No.:  SF601.V38
Descriptors:  goats, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, clinical aspects, diagnostic methods, PCR, animal pathology, case reports, paratuberculosis, postmortem examinations, Sudan. 

Archuleta, Rebecca Joy; Hoppes, Patricia Yvonne; Primm, Todd P.  Mycobacterium avium, enters a state of metabolic dormancy in response to starvation.  Tuberculosis.  2005; 85(3): 147-158.  ISSN:  1472-9792.
URL:  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/14729792
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium complex, biphasic response to starvation, lipid catabolism, mycolate modification, loss of catalase and urease activities, sensitivity reduction to antibiotics, atanine tRNA synthetase decline, increase in ribonuclease E levels, metabolic dormancy, primary reservoir is natural and municipal water.

Basler, T.; Goethe, R.  IRG1 is differentially regulated at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level in LPS stimulated and Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis infected murine macrophages.  Immunobiology.  2005; 210(6-8): 395.  ISSN:  0171-2985.  Note: Joint Annual Meeting of the German and Scandinavian Societies of Immunology, Kiel, Germany, September 21-24, 2005. 
NAL Call No.:  QR180.Z4
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, IRG1 gene, gene expression, in vitro, murine macrophages.

Begg, D.J.; O'Brien, R.; Mackintosh, C.G.; Griffin, J.F.T.  Experimental infection model for Johne's disease in sheep. Infection and Immunity.  2005; 73(9): 5603-5611.  ISSN: 0019-9567.
URL:  http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/tocrender.fcgi?action=archive&journal=87
NAL Call No.:  QR1.I57
Abstract:  Johne's disease in ruminants results in chronic enteritis caused by the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.  This study examined two M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains (JD3 and W), using different doses and routes of infection, to establish the optimal time postchallenge when predictable levels of infection, gut lesions, and clinical disease occur in a large proportion of sheep.  While a small proportion (25%) of sheep challenged with a low-passage-number laboratory culture of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (strain W) became infected, no infection was found in animals exposed to a high-passage-number culture isolate of strain W.  In contrast, a primary tissue homogenate of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (JD3) resulted in high (90%) infection rates and gut histopathology following oral or intratonsillar challenge.  The optimal conditions necessary to produce Johne's disease involve oral inoculation of 3-month-old lambs with four doses of 5 x 108 CFU of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated directly from the gut lymphatic tissues of clinically affected sheep.  This resulted in consistent gut histopathology at 9 months and the onset of clinical disease by 11 months postchallenge.
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, strain comparison, strain W, strain JD3, animal disease model, oral inoculations of lambs, dosing regimen, optimum conditions, dosing age.

Begg, D.J.; Griffin, J.F.T.  Vaccination of sheep against M. paratuberculosis: immune parameters and protective efficacy.  Vaccine.  2005; 23(42): 4999-5008.  ISSN:  0264-410X.
Descriptors:  sheep, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Johne’s disease, Neoparasec (TM) vaccine, comparison study, aqueous formulation of Map 316F (AquaVax), tested in sheep,  vaccination and challenge with virulent strain, immunological study, blood, lymphoid tissue in gut, CD4(+), CD8(+), CD25(+), B cells.

Berghaus, Roy D.; Lombard, Jason E.; Gardner, Ian A.; Farver, Thomas B.  Factor analysis of a Johne's disease risk assessment questionnaire with evaluation of factor scores and a subset of original questions as predictors of observed clinical paratuberculosis.  Preventive Veterinary Medicine.  2005; 72(3-4): 291-309.  ISSN:  0167-5877.
URL:  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01675877
NAL Call No.:  SF601.P7
Descriptors:  Johne’s disease risk assessment, 815 US dairy operations, questionnaire of 38 variables, model based logistic regression analysis, predictive ability of variables, suggested revision of questionnaire, United States.

Biet, Franck; Boschiroli, Maria Laura; Thorel, Marie Francoise; Guilloteau, Laurence A.  Zoonotic aspects of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex (MAC).  Veterinary Research. 2005; 36(3): 411-436.  ISSN:  0928-4249.  
NAL Call No.:  SF602.A5
Descriptors:  livestock, cattle, humans, wildlife, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, disease transmission, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, disease control programs, environmental reservoirs of pathogens, epidemiology, tuberculosis, zoonoses, Johne’s disease, Crohn’s disease.

Bires, J.; Juras, M.; Beracova, L.  Plan kontroly a eradikacie paratuberkulozy na Slovensku.  [Plan for paratuberculosis control and eradication in Slovakia.]  Slovensky Veterinarsky Casopis.  2005; 30(4): 221-223. ISSN:  1335-0099.  Note:  In Slovakian.  
Descriptors:  cattle, Johne’s disease, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, disease control programs, disease prevalence, disease prevention, epidemiology, paratuberculosis.

Bogli-Stuber, K.; Kohler, C.; Seitert, G.; Glanemann, B.; Antognoli, M.C.; Salman, M.D.; Wittenbrink, M.M.; Wittwer, M.; Wassenaar, T.; Jemmi, T.; Bissig-Choisat, B.  Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Swiss dairy cattle by real-time PCR and culture: a comparison of the two assays.  Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2005; 99(3): 587-597.  ISSN:  1364-5072.
URL:  http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1364-5072
NAL Call No.:  QR1.J687
Descriptors:  Swiss dairy cattle, diagnostic assays, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, fecal sampling, 13 dairy herds, in vitro culture, real time PCR, alternative method, Switzerland.

Bradley, T.L.; Cannon, R.M.  Determining the sensitivity of abattoir surveillance for ovine Johne's disease. Australian Veterinary Journal.  2005; 83(10): 633-636.  ISSN:  0005-0423.
URL:  http://www.ava.com.au/avjpast.php?journalid=9&plink=avj03.htm
NAL Call No.:  41.8 AU72
Descriptors:  sheep, Johne's disease, intestinal tract lesions, post slaughter sampling, diagnostic test validation, histopathological examination, experienced meat inspectors, sheep identification, inspector surveillance was 70%.

Brugere-Picoux, J.; Maillard, R.; Douart, A.  Paratubercolosi: quali test diagnostici utilizzare?  [Paratuberculosis: which diagnostic tests to use?]  Summa.  2005; 22(6): 50-54, 2.  Note:  In Italian with an English summary.  
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, diagnostic assays, fecal culture, PCR, mesenteric lymph note biopsy, immunological methods, complement fixation, indirect immunofluorescence, gel precipitation test, ELISA, review of advantages and disadvantages.

Bujnakova, D.; Melicharek, I.; Feckova, M.; Skarbova, B.; Kmet', V.  Detekcia a kvantifikacia Mycobacterium paratuberculosis pomocou Real Time PCR u hovadzieho dobytka.  [Detection and quantification of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis using the real time PCR in cattle.]  Slovensky Veterinarsky Casopis.  2005; 30(3): 174-175.  ISSN:  1335-0099.  Note:  In Slovakian with an English summary.  
Descriptors:  cattle, fecal sampling, PCR, IS900, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, detection method, quantitative analysis, Slovakia.

Bulte, Michael; Schoenenbruecher, Holger; Abdulmawjood, Amir.  From farm to fork - Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) als Zoonoseerreger?  [From farm to fork - Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis (MAP) as zoonotic agent?]  Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift.  2005; 118(9-10): 377-385. ISSN:  0005-9366.  Note:  In German with an English summary.
NAL Call No.:  41.8 B45
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Crohn’s disease, potential zoonotic disease, transmission from infected animals to humans, intensive research for diagnosis, valid epidemiological investigations.

Cheng, J.; Bull, T.J.; Dalton, P.; Cen, S.; Finlayson, C.; Hermon Taylor, J.  Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the inflamed gut tissues of patients with Crohn's disease in China and its potential relationship to the consumption of cow's milk:  A preliminary study.  World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology.  2005; 21(6-7): 1175-1179.  ISSN:  0959-3993.
URL:http://www.springerlink.com/(dtfvovf5jv3uot2uol4kxtvj)/app/home/journal.asp?referrer=parent&backto=linkingpublicationresults,1:100229,1
NAL Call No.:  QR1.M562
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Johne’s disease, Crohn’s disease, milk production and consumption increases in China, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in intestines of human’s with Crohn’s, possible association with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, recommend testing dairy herds and retail milk.

Conraths, F.J.; Kohler, H.; Werner, O.; Beer, M.; Depner, K.R.; Geue, L.; Kaden,V.; Staubach, C.; Potzsch, C.; Schares, G.; Mettenleiter, T.C.  The "Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut": past, present and future of research in infectious diseases of animals.  Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift.  2005; 118(9/10): 354-364.  ISSN:  0005-9366. Note:  In English with a German summary.
NAL Call No.:  41.8 B45
Descriptors:  Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, research accomplishments, history, poultry, pigs, livestock, animal diseases, aquatic animals, infectious diseases, biosafety, diagnosis, diagnostic techniques, foot and mouth disease, neosporosis, parasitoses, paratuberculosis, prion diseases, swine fever, zoonoses, Aphthovirus, avian influenza, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Neospora caninum, swine fever virus, Germany.  

Corn, Joseph L.; Manning, Elizabeth J.B.; Sreevatsan, Srinand; Fischer, John R.  Isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from free-ranging birds and mammals on livestock premises.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology.  2005; 71(11): 6963-6967.  ISSN:  0099-2240.
URL:  http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/tocrender.fcgi?action=archive&journal=83
NAL Call No.:  448.3 AP5
Descriptors:  dairy farms, 25 mammalian species sampled, 22 avian species sampled, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, ileum, liver, intestinal lymph nodes, feces, radiometric culture, acid fast isolates, 16S/IS900/IS1311 PCR and mycobactin dependency testing, 9 mammals and 3 avian species were positive, effect probably negative compared to manure, Wisconsin, Georgia, United States.

Coussens, P.M.; Pudrith, C.B.; Skovgaard, K.; Ren, X.; Suchyta, S.P.; Stabel, J.R.; Heegaard, P.M.H.  Johne's disease in cattle is associated with enhanced expression of genes encoding IL-5, GATA-3, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2, and factors promoting apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.  Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology.  2005; 105(3-4): 221-234.  ISSN: 0165-2427.  Note:  In the special issue: Functional Genomics of Host-Pathogen Interactions in Species of Veterinary Importance, edited by E.J. Glass and P.M. Coussens.
URL:  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=5189&_auth=y&_acct=C000052423&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4250348&md5=f5f60e05fe0e447c7311059c14754776
NAL Call No.:  SF757.2.V38
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, cattle disease, peripheral mononuclear blood cells, enhanced gene expression, IL-5, GATA-3, tissue inhibitors, metalloproteinases 1 and 2, apoptosis.

Crossley, Beate M.; Zagmutt Vergara, Francisco J.; Fyock, Terry L.; Whitlock, Robert H.; Gardner, Ian A.  Fecal shedding of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by dairy cows. Veterinary Microbiology.  2005; 107(3-4): 257-263. ISSN:  0378-1135.  
URL:  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=5190&_auth=y&_acct=C000052423&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4250348&md5=7e99acb030d8f79b52d4e03a1c31a5f8
NAL Call No.:  SF601.V44
Descriptors:  786 dairy cows; shedding Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, 93 dairy herds, disease prevalence, fecal sampling, cultured in Herrold's egg yolk medium, livestock numbers, seasonal variation, herd size, multivariable negative binomial model, Pennsylvania.

D'Haese, E.; Dumon, I.; Werbrouck, H.; de Jonghe, V.; Herman, L.  Improved detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in milk.  Journal of Dairy Research.  2005; 72(Special issue): 125-128.  ISSN:  0022-0299.
URL:  http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=DAR&bVolume=y
NAL Call No.:  44.8 J823
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, detection in milk samples, sample pretreatment, solid phase cytometry, detection of viable cells in 1 day.

Deutz, Armin; Spergser, Joachim; Wagner, Peter; Rosengarten, Renate; Koefer, Josef.  Nachweise von Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis bei wildtieren und rindern in der Steiermark/Osterreich.  [Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in wild animal species and cattle in Styria/Austria.]  Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenshrift.  2005; 118(7-8): 314-320.  ISSN:  0005-9366.  Note:  In German.
NAL Call No.:  41.8 B45
Descriptors:  clinical aspects, diarrhea, epidemiology, disease prevalence, disease surveys, disease transmission, fetus, histopathology, liver, lungs, lymph nodes, Johne’s disease, paratuberculosis, wild animals, cattle, Capra ibex, Capreolus capreolus, red deer, Cervus elaphus, chamois, fallow deer, foxes, hares, mouflon, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Austria.

Djonne, B.; Pavlik, I.; Svastova, P.; Bartos, M.; Holstad, G.  IS900 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from goats and cattle in Norway. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica.  2005; 46(1/2): 13-18.  ISSN:  1751-0147.  Note:  In English with a Danish summary.
NAL Call No.:  41.8 AC87
Descriptors:  cattle, goats, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, genotype variation, 51 isolates from goats, 4 isolates from cattle, IS900 RFLP analysis, no differences in host origin, epidemiological surveys, 5 new RFLP found, epidemiology, genetic variation, genotypes, paratuberculosis, Norway.

Donat, K.; Eulenberger, Karin; Kaempfer, Petra.  Blutserologische Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung von Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis in sachsischen Rinderbestanden.  [Seroprevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle in Saxony.]  Tieraerztliche Umschau.  2005; 60(9): 497-501.  ISSN:  0049-3864.  Note:  In German.
NAL Call No.:  41.8 T445
Descriptors:  Saxon cattle herds, blood sampling (55,394) for antibody testing, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, commercial test IDEXX Worrstadt, prevalence testing, data on herd positives, Saxony, Germany. 

Douart, A.; Maillard, R.  Il controllo della paratubercolosi bovina.  [Monitoring of bovine paratuberculosis.] Summa. 2005; 22(6): 45-48, 2.  Note:  In Italian with an English summary.  
Descriptors:  cattle, Johne’s disease, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, PCR,  monitoring programs, disease surveys, control programs, disease prevention and control, vaccination, paratuberculosis, Italy.

Dunn, J.R.; Kaneene, J.B.; Grooms, D.L.; Bolin, S.R.; Bolin, C.A.; Bruning-Fann, C.S.  Effects of positive results for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as determined by microbial culture of feces or antibody ELISA on results of caudal fold tuberculin test and interferon-gamma assay for tuberculosis in cattle.  Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.  2005; 226(3): 429-435.  ISSN: 0003-1488.
NAL Call No.:  41.8 AM3
Descriptors:  cattle, paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, fecal culture, antibody ELISA, caudal fold TB test, interferon-gamma assay.

Dupont, Chris; Thompson, Keith; Heuer, Cord; Gicquel, Brigitte; Murray, Alan. Identification and characterization of an immunogenic 22 kDa exported protein of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.  Journal of Medical Microbiology.  2005; 54(11): 1083-1092.  ISSN:  0022-2615.  
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, exported 22 kDa putative lipoprotein, alkaline phosphatase gene fusion library, LppX/LprAFG family of mycobacterial lipoproteins, antibody to p22, detected in vaccinated sheep, clinical and subclinical infected cows.

Durham, S.  ARS collaborates in regional dairy quality management alliance.  Agricultural Research.  2005; 53(4): 20.  ISSN: 0002-161X.
URL: http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/
NAL Call No.:  1.98 AG84
Descriptors:  USDA, Agricultural Research Service, dairy industry, quality control, best management practices, dairy products, dairy cows, food safety, animal health, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, food pathogens, Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter, genetic techniques and protocols, milk analysis, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont.

Elad, D.  The 3rd Annual Symposium of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology. Bet-Dagan, Israel. December 2004.  Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine.  2005; 60(1): 33-38, He 28-29.  ISSN:  0334-9152.
Descriptors:  dairy cattle, monkeys, cats, dogs, mice, pigs, fish, various animal diseases, diagnosis, diagnostic techniques, disease control, ELISA, epidemiology, pathogenesis, genomes, immunology, macrophages, immune responses, paratuberculosis, gastroenteritis, relapsing fever, West Nile fever, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Borrelia, Streptococcus iniae, Israel.

Ellingson, J.L.E.; Stabel, J.R.; Radcliff, R.P.; Whitlock, R.H.; Miller, J.M.  Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in free-ranging bison (Bison bison) by PCR.  Molecular and Cellular Probes.  2005; 19(3): 219-225.  ISSN:  0890-8508.  
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=6959&_auth=y&_acct=C000052423&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4250348&md5=a1d954773ca83f03ff7b5c0d870580ef
NAL Call No.:  RB43.7.M63
Descriptors:  North American Bison, free ranging animals, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, detection with PCR, 25 animals with clinical signs of Johne’s disease, frozen and paraffin-embedded ileum, jejuniun, ileocecal lymph nodes, post slaughter, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was found.

Eppleston, J.; Reddacliff, L.; Windsor, P.; Links, I.; Whittington, R.  Preliminary observations on the prevalence of sheep shedding Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis after 3 years of a vaccination program for ovine Johne's disease.  Australian Veterinary Journal.  2005; 83(10): 637-638.  ISSN:  0005-0423.
URL:  http://www.ava.com.au/avjpast.php?journalid=9&plink=avj03.htm
NAL Call No.:  41.8 AU72
Descriptors:  Johne’s disease, sheep, vaccination, shedding, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Gudair, immunologic drug, immunostimulant drug, immunology, disease prevention and control, Australia.

Ezanno, P.; Van Schaik, G.; Weber, M.F.; Heesterbeek, J.A.P.  A modeling study on the sustainability of a certification-and-monitoring program for paratuberculosis in cattle. Veterinary Research.  2005; 36(5/6): 811-826.  ISSN:  0928-4249.  
NAL Call No.:  SF602.A5
Descriptors:  cattle, cattle herd health, disease monitoring, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Dutch disease control programs, certification disease control, Johne’s disease, paratuberculosis, computer model.

Gao, Anli; Odumeru, Joseph; Raymond, Melinda; Mutharia, Lucy.  Development of improved method for isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from bulk tank milk:  Effect of age of milk, centrifugation, and decontamination.  Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research.  2005; 69(2): 81-87.  ISSN:  0830-9000.  
URL:  http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/tocrender.fcgi?action=archive&journal=133
NAL Call No.:  SF601.C24
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Johne’s disease, Crohn’s disease, microbial contamination, isolating Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from bulk raw milk, spiking with 50-200 colonies/mL, centrifugation, decontamination, hexadecylpyridinium chloride.

Georgiadis, M.P.; Johnson, W.O.; Gardner, I.A.  Sample size determination for estimation of the accuracy of two conditionally independent tests in the absence of a gold standard.  Preventive Veterinary Medicine.  2005; 71(1/2): 1-10.  ISSN:  0167-5877.
URL:  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=5145&_auth=y&_acct=C000052423&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4250348&md5=c5bc3d9e1bb66468352ae1f5475d522f NAL Call No.:  SF601.P7
Descriptors:  cattle, Johne’s disease, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, screening, testing accuracy, calculation, estimation, sample size, statistical analysis, techniques, Excel spreadsheet template http://www.epi.ucdavis.edu/diagnostictests/

Godfroid, J.; Delcorps, C.; Irenge, L.M.; Walravens, K.; Marche, S.; Gala, J.L.  Definitive differentiation between single and mixed mycobacterial infections in red deer (Cervus elaphus) by a combination of duplex amplification of p34 and f57 sequences and Hpy188I enzymatic restriction of duplex amplicons.  Journal of Clinical Microbiology.  2005; 43(9): 4640-4648.  
Descriptors:  wild red deer, diagnose molecular methods for species specific identification of Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, DNA banding patterns, before and after treatment with Hpy188I restriction of f57-upstream (us)-p34 duplex amplicons, duplex us-p34-f57 PCR and Hpy188I restriction excluded Mycobacterium bovis from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, Belgium.

Gonzalez, J.; Geijo, M.V.; Garcia-Pariente, C.; Verna, A.; Corpa, J.M.; Reyes, L.E.; Ferreras, M.C.; Juste, R.A.; Marin, J.F. Garcia; Perez, V.  Histopathological classification of lesions associated with natural paratuberculosis infection in cattle.  Journal of Comparative Pathology.  2005; 133(2-3): 184-196.  ISSN:  0021-9975.
URL:  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=6861&_auth=y&_acct=C000052423&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4250348&md5=6091bef4d15aae1adbceffba708c6eb8 NAL Call No.:  41.8 J82
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, cattle lesions, adult cows, with and without clinical signs, gut lymphoid tissue, 5 categories of lesions, ileum, jejunum, intestinal villi, thickening of intestinal wall.

Grant, Irene R.; Williams, Alan G.; Rowe, Michael T.; Muir, D. Donald.  Efficacy of various pasteurization time-temperature conditions in combination with homogenization on inactivation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology.  2005; 71(6): 2853-2861.  ISSN:  0099-2240.  
URL:  http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/tocrender.fcgi?action=archive&journal=83
NAL Call No.:  448.3 AP5
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, milk contamination, homogenization, pathogen inactivation, time/temperature conditions, HTST pasteurization.

Grant, I.R.; Williams, A.G.; Rowe, M.T.; Muir, D.D.  Investigation of the impact of simulated commercial centrifugation and microfiltration conditions on levels of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in milk. International Journal of Dairy Technology.  2005; 58(3): 138-142.  ISSN:  1364-727X.
URL:  http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/servlet/useragent?func=showIssues&code=idt
NAL Call No.:  SF221.I58
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, microbial contaminate of raw milk, milk processing, decontamination process, centrifugation, microfiltration.

Griffin, J. Frank T.; Spittle, Evelyn; Rodgers, Christie R.; Liggett, Simon; Cooper, Marc; Bakker, Douwe; Bannantine, John P.  Immunoglobulin G1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of Johne's disease in red deer (Cervus elaphus).  Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology.  2005; 12(12): 1401-1409.  ISSN:  1071-412X.
URL:  http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/tocrender.fcgi?action=archive&journal=84
Descriptors:  farmed red deer, serodiagnosis, Johne’s disease, denatured purified protein derivative (PPDj), undenatured protoplasmic antigen (PpAg), ELISA, antigen reactivity of IgG1, compared non pathological and those with pathological diseases.

Groenendaal, H.  Control programs for Johne's disease.  Advances in Dairy Technology Proceedings of the Western Canadian Dairy Seminar.  2005; 17: 81-94.  ISSN: 1184-0684. Note:  Seminar held March 8-11, 2005, Red Deer, Alberta.
URL:  http://www.wcds.afns.ualberta.ca/
NAL Call No.:  SF223.W478
Descriptors:  dairy herds, paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, disease prevalence, disease surveillance, disease control, simulation models, culling animals, dairy herd management, United States, The Netherlands.

Groenendaal, Huybert.  Epidemiologic and Economic Risk Analysis of Johne's Disease Control. [Wageningen: s.n., 2005?]; 160 p., ill.  ISBN: 9085042135.  Note:  Doctoral dissertation, Wageningen Universiteit.  In English with a Dutch summary.
NAL Call No.:  DISS F2005041
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, epidemiology, risk analysis, economic factors, disease control methods, The Netherlands.

Harwood, D.  My goat's got diarrhoea: common causes and disease management.  Veterinary Times.  2005; 35(41): 20-21.  ISSN:  1352-9374.
Descriptors:  goats, kids, diarrhea, cause, disease management and control, fluids, acidosis, mineral deficiencies and therapy, poisonings, common pathogens, etiology, diagnosis, fascioliasis, parasitoses, salmonellosis, sulfonamides, Clostridium perfringens, Cryptosporidium parvum, Eimeria christenseni, Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae, Escherichia coli, Fasciola, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Salmonella, Trichostrongylus, Secernentea, Strongylida, treatments, anthelmintics, antibiotics, sulfonamides, United Kingdom.

Hendrick, Steven H.; Kelton, David F.; Leslie, Ken E.; Lissemore, Kerry D.; Archambault, Marie; Duffield, Todd F.  Effect of paratuberculosis on culling, milk production, and milk quality in dairy herds.  Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.  2005; 227(8): 1302-1308.  ISSN:  0003-1488.  
URL:  http://www.avma.org/
NAL Call No.:  41.8 AM3
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, dairy cattle, 9 infected dairy herds, disease effects, culling, milk production, milk quality, fecal sampling, mycobacterial culture, serum sampling, ELISA testing, mixed effect and proportional hazards models, disease effects on: 305-day milk levels, fat, protein production, somatic cell count linear score, potential cow longevity. 

Holstad, G.; Sigurdardottir, O.G.; Storset, A.K.; Tharaldsen, J.; Nyberg, O.; Schonheit, J.; Djonne, B.  Description of the infection status in a Norwegian cattle herd naturally infected by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.  Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica.  2005; 46(1/2): 45-56.  ISSN:  0044-605X.  Note:  In English with a Danish summary.
NAL Call No.:  41.8 AC87
Descriptors:  dairy cattle, goats, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, age differences, serological survey, diagnosis, diagnostic techniques, antibodies, antibody testing, histopathology, immunoassay, immunodiagnosis, interferon, paratuberculosis, RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism, disease prevalence, disease surveys, epidemiological surveys, epidemiology seroprevalence, surveillance and control program, Norway.

Hostetter,J.; Huffman, E.; Byl, K.; Steadham, E.  Inducible nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the granulomatous intestinal lesions of naturally occurring bovine Johne's disease.  Veterinary Pathology.  2005; 42(3): 241-249.  ISSN: 0300-9858.
URL:  http://www.vetpathology.org/contents-by-date.0.shtml
NAL Call No.:  41.8 P27
Abstract:  Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is important in the control of a number of intracellular pathogens, including mycobacteria, and is a marker of classic macrophage activation.  In human granulomatous diseases such as leprosy, a spectrum of granulomatous lesions is described, ranging from the tuberculoid to lepromatous types.  Tuberculoid granulomas are associated with enhanced iNOS production and improved clinical outcomes over the lepromatous types.  The aim of this study is to determine whether an association exists between morphology of bovine Johne's disease granulomas and lesion macrophage effector functions.  To accomplish this, we retrospectively evaluated 24 cases of bovine Johne's disease.  In each case, we recorded the predominant granuloma morphology and evaluated iNOS immunoreactivity and bacterial burden by acid-fast stains and mycobacterial immunolabeling.  The results of this study demonstrate that all cases had granulomas with features most similar to the lepromatous type. This morphology correlated with heavy bacterial burdens demonstrated by acid-fast staining and mycobacterial immunoreactivity.  None of the cases had high expression of iNOS in mycobacterial-positive granulomas.  When iNOS immunoreactivity was identified, it was usually located near the crypts and was distinct from the granulomatous foci.
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, iNOS, morphology of bovine Johne's disease granulomas, lesion macrophage effector functions, granuloma morphology, acid-fast stains, mycobacterial immunolabeling, crypts.

Hostetter, Jesse Michael; Steadham, Edward.  Immune scrum opsonization effects on non-tuberculous mycobacterial interaction with macrophages.  FASEB Journal.  2005; 19(5, Suppl. S, Pt. 2): A1515. ISSN:  0892-6638.  Note:  Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting, 35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences, San Diego, CA, USA; March 31 -April 06, 2005.
URL:  http://www.fasebj.org/contents-by-date.0.shtml
NAL Call No.:  QH301.F3
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, antibody is opsonizing, may promote killing, independent of nitric oxide and phagosome acidification.

Hostetter, J.; Kagan, R.; Steadham, E.  Opsonization effects on Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-macrophage interactions.  Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. 2005; 12(6): 793-796.  ISSN:  1071-412X.
URL:  http://www.fasebj.org/contents-by-date.0.shtml
NAL Call No.:  RB46.5
Descriptors:  macrophages, ability to limit proliferation of bacteria, opsonized Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.

Hughes, M.S.; Ball, N.W.; McCarroll, J.; Erskine, M.; Taylor, M.J.; Pollock, J.M.; Skuce, R.A.; Neill, S.D.  Molecular analyses of mycobacteria other than the M-tuberculosis complex isolated from Northern Ireland cattle.  Veterinary Microbiology.  2005; 108(1-2): 101-112.  ISSN:  0378-1135.  
URL:  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03781135
NAL Call No.:  SF601.V44
Descriptors:  cattle, antigens, genes, bovine tuberculosis, Johne’s disease, diagnostic techniques, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium malmoense, Mycobacterium bohemicum, Mycobacterium holsaticum, Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, Mycobacterium palustre, Mycobacterium sp. IWGMT-90210, Mycobacterium sp. LIV-2129, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.

Huntley, J.F.J.; Whitlock, R.H.; Bannantine, J.P.; Stabel, J.R.  Comparison of diagnostic detection methods for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in North American Bison.  Veterinary Pathology.  2005; 42(1): 42-51.  ISSN: 0300-9858.
URL:  http://www.vetpathology.org/contents-by-date.0.shtml
NAL Call No.:  41.8 P27
Abstract:  Tissues and fecal material were collected from 14 North American Bison (Bison bison) that were suspected of having Johne's disease and analyzed for the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis).  Sections of ileum, ileal-cecal lymph node, and three sequential sections of jejunum with their associated mesenteric lymph nodes were taken from each animal.  Fecal culture indicated that 5 of 14 (35.7%) animals were infected, whereas cultures from tissues detected 12 of 14 (85.7%) animals as infected and 59 of 111 (53.2%) of the tissues as positive for M. paratuberculosis.  Polymerase chain reaction analysis identified infection in 14 of 14 (100%) animals and in 91 of 112 (81.2%) tissues.  In addition, tissues were processed for Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining, auramine O/acridine orange fluorescent staining, and immunohistochemical staining. Ziehl-Neelsen and auramine O staining identified 7 of 14 (50%) and 5 of 14 (35.7%) animals as infected and 24 of 112 (21.4%) and 28 of 112 (25%) tissues as positive, respectively.  Immunohistochemical analyses of bison tissues, using antisera collected from rabbits immunized with four different preparations of M. paratuberculosis, identified a greater percentage of infected animals (ranging from 57 to 93%) and positive tissues (ranging from 28 to 46%).  Collectively, these data indicate that DNA-based detection of M. paratuberculosis was more sensitive than bacterial culture or staining, identified infection in all the bison, and detected the greatest number of positive tissues within each animal.
Descriptors:  North American Bison, possible Johne’s disease, tissue and fecal sampling, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, ileum, ileal-cecal lymph node, and three sequential sections of jejunum & associated mesenteric lymph nodes, fecal culture, PCR analysis, Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining, auramine O/acridine orange fluorescent staining, and immunohistochemical staining, sensitivity of various detection methods.

Huntley, J.F.; Stabel, J.R.; Paustian, M.L.; Reinhardt, T.A.; Bannantine, J.P.  Expression library immunization confers protection against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection.  Infection and Immunity.  2005; 73(10): 6877-6884.  ISSN:  0019-9567.
URL:  http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/tocrender.fcgi?action=archive&journal=87
NAL Call No.:  QR1.I57
Descriptors:  expression library immunization, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, DNA vaccines, mice immunization, gene gun delivery, live virulent strain challenge, 26 antigens seem to generate protection.

Huntley, Jason F.J.; Stabel, Judith R.; Bannantine, John P.  Immunoreactivity of the Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 19-kDa lipoprotein.  BMC Microbiology.  2005; 5(January 21).  ISSN:  1471-2180.
URL:  http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/tocrender.fcgi?action=archive&journal=44
Descriptors:  cattle, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, gene encoding 19-kDa lipoprotein, immunomodulator, Johne’s disease, MAP0261, IFN gamma production measured in infected cows, sera testing, not sensitive enough for an assay.

Ikiz, Serkan; Bagcigil, A. Funda; Ak, Seyyal; Ozgur, N. Yakut; Lgaz, Atilla.  Paratuberculosis in cattle in Turkey detected by PCR.  Medycyna Weterynaryjna.  2005; 61(8): 881-883.  ISSN:  0025-8628.
NAL Call No.:  41.8 M463
Descriptors:  cattle, adult animals, fecal sampling, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, PCR, IS900 gene, results negative, recommended further studies, Trakya, Turkey.

Jansen, J.; Godkin, A.  Raising Johne's-free calves.  Advances in Dairy Technology.  Proceedings of the Western Canadian Dairy Seminar.  2005; 17: 217-225.  ISSN: 1184-0684.  Note:  Seminar held March 8-11, 2005, Red Deer, Alberta.
URL:  http://www.wcds.afns.ualberta.ca/
NAL Call No.:  SF223.W478
Descriptors:  paratuberculosis, Johne’s disease prevention, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, disease transmission, dairy herd management, cattle manure management.  

Juan, L. de ; Mateos, A.; Dominguez, L.; Sharp, J.M.; Stevenson, K.  Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isolates from goats detected by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.  Veterinary Microbiology.  2005; 106(3-4): 249-257.  ISSN:  0378-1135.
URL:  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=5190&_auth=y&_acct=C000052423&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4250348&md5=7e99acb030d8f79b52d4e03a1c31a5f8
NAL Call No.:  SF601.V44
Descriptors:  goats, sheep, diagnosis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, 44 clinical isolates characterized, epidemiology, diagnostic techniques, genetic diversity, genotypes, PCR, pulsed field electrophoresis, RFLP.

Jubb, T.F.  The effect of interpreting an ELISA at a lower cut-off on detection of clinical cases of bovine Johne's disease.  Australian Veterinary Journal.  2005; 83(5): 305-307.  ISSN: 0005-0423.
URL:  http://www.ava.com.au/avjpast.php?journalid=9&plink=avj03.htm
NAL Call No.:  41.8 AU72
Descriptors:  Johne’s disease, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, diagnosis, ELISA testing, positive results interpretation.

Judge, Johanna; Kyriazakis, Ilias; Greig, Alastair; Allcroft, David J.; Hutchings, Michael R. Clustering of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in rabbits and the environment: How hot is a hot spot.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology.  2005; 71(10): 6033-6038.  ISSN: 0099-2240.
URL:  http://aem.asm.org/contents-by-date.0.shtml
NAL Call No.:  448.3 AP5
Abstract:  Clustering of pathogens in the environment leads to hot spots of diseases at local, regional, national, and international levels.  Scotland contains regional hot spots of Johne's disease (caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis) in rabbits, and there is increasing evidence of a link between paratuberculosis infections in rabbits and cattle.  The spatial and temporal dynamics of paratuberculosis in rabbits within a hot spot region were studied with the overall aim of determining environmental patterns of infection and thus the risk of interspecies transmission to livestock.  The specific aims were to determine if prevalence of paratuberculosis in rabbits varies temporally between seasons and whether the heterogeneous spatial environmental distribution of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis on a large scale (i.e., regional hot spots) is replicated at finer resolutions within a hot spot.  The overall prevalence of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in rabbits was 39.7%; the temporal distribution of infection in rabbits followed a cyclical pattern, with a peak in spring of 55.4% and a low in summer of 19.4%.  Spatially, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected rabbits and, thus, the risk of interspecies transmission were highly clustered in the environment.  However, this is mostly due to the clustered distribution of rabbits.  The patterns of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in rabbits are discussed in relation to the host's socioecology and risk to livestock.
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, cattle, epidemiology, rabbits are a reservoirs, spatial and temporal dynamics, environmental patterns of infection, seasonal effects, spatial distribution of pathogen, Johne’s disease, disease transmission, disease prevalence, seasonal variation, risk to livestock, Scotland.  

Judge, J.; Greig, A.; Kyriazakis, I.; Hutchings, M.R.  Ingestion of faeces by grazing herbivores - risk of inter-species disease transmission.  Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment.  2005; 107(2/3): 267-274.  ISSN:  0167-8809.
URL:   http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01678809
NAL Call No.:  S601.A34
Descriptors:  cattle, sheep, rabbits, contaminated rabbit droppings, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Johne’s disease, contaminated pastures, disease transmission via ingestion of feces while grazing, risks to herbivores, grazing study, no avoidance of droppings, plant-height affects levels of ingestion of rabbit droppings, United Kingdom.

Juste, R.A.; Garrido, J.M.; Geijo, M.; Elguezabal, N.; Aduriz, G.; Atxaerandio, R.; Sevilla, I.  Comparison of blood polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle and sheep.  Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation.  2005; 17(4): 354-359.  ISSN:  1040-6387.
NAL Call No.:  SF774.J68
Descriptors:  cattle, cows, heifers, sheep, ewes, lambs, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection, Johne’s disease, diagnosis, diagnostic techniques, ELISA assay, PCR, blood test comparison, test accuracy.

Kiehnbaum, L.A.; Amonsin, A.; Wells, S.J.; Kapur, V.  Amplified fragment length polymorphism to detect clonal diversity and distribution of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in selected Minnesota dairy cattle.  Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation.  July 2005; 17(4): 311-315.  ISSN: 1040-6387.
NAL Call No.:  SF774.J68
Descriptors:  dairy cattle, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, bacterial clones, genetic diversity, amplified fragment length, polymorphism, methods, Minnesota.

Koo, HyeCheong; Park,YongHo; Ahn, JongSam; Waters, W.R.; Palmer, M.V.; Hamilton, M.J.; Barrington, G; Mosaad, A.A.; Park, KunTaek; Jung,WooKyung; Hwang, InYeong; Cho, SangNae; Shin, S.J.; Davis, W.C.  Use of rMPB70 protein and ESAT-6 peptide as antigens for comparison of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent, immunochromatographic, and latex bead agglutination assays for serodiagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.  Journal of Clinical Microbiology.  2005; 43(9): 4498-4506.  ISSN:  0095-1137.
Descriptors:  cattle, deer, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium bovis early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT6-p) and a recombinant major secreted immunogenic protein (rMPB70), recombinant major secreted immunogenic protein (rMPB70) of Mycobacterium bovis, assays, diagnostic techniques, ELISA, immunodiagnosis, mycobacterial diseases, tuberculosis.

Kudahl, A.B.  Economic consequences of paratuberculosis control in dairy cattle herds.  DIAS Report, Animal Husbandry.  2005; (63): 127 p.  ISSN:  1397-9892.  Note:  A thesis from the Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Tjele, Denmark. 
URL:  www.digisource.dk
Descriptors:  dairy cattle, dairy herds, paratuberculosis, Johne’s disease, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, economics impact of disease, different control strategies, simulation model, herd specific decision support for dairy farmers.

Lagunas Solar, M.C.; Cullor, J.S.; Zeng, N.X.; Truong, T.D.; Essert, T K; Smith, W.L.; Pina, C..  Disinfection of dairy and animal farm wastewater with radiofrequency power.  Journal of Dairy Science.  2005; 88(11): 4120-4131.  ISSN:  0022-0302.  
URL:  http://jds.fass.org/contents-by-date.0.shtml
NAL Call No.:  44.8 J822
Descriptors:  dairy operations, livestock facilities, waste water decontamination, radiofrequency power technology, thermal disinfection, experimental inoculated, pathogens monitored, Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli O157: H7, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, alternative methodology, California.

Langelaar, Merel F.M.; Weber, Corinna N.; Overdijk, Marije B.; Mueller, Kerstin E.; Koets, Ad P.; Rutten, Victor P.M.G.  Cytokine gene expression profiles of bovine dendritic cells after interaction with Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis (M.a.p.), Escherichia coli (E coli) or recombinant M.a.p. heat shock protein 70.  Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology.  2005; 107(1-2): 153-161.  ISSN:  0165-2427.
URL:  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=JournalURL&_cdi=5189&_auth=y&_acct=C000052423&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=4250348&md5=f5f60e05fe0e447c7311059c14754776
NAL Call No.:  SF757.2.V38
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Escherichia coli, recombinant heat shock protein 70 (M.a.p.) cytokine gene expression, bovine dendritic cells, bovine IL-12 gene, bovine interleukin-12 gene, expression, bovine IL-1 beta gene, interleukin-1 beta gene, expression, bovine IL-6 gene expression.

Langelaar, M.F.M.; Hope, J.C.; Rutten, V.P.M.G.; Noordhuizen, J.P.T.M.; Van Eden, W.; Koets, A.P.  Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis recombinant heat shock protein 70 interaction with different bovine antigen-presenting cells.  Scandinavian Journal of Immunology.  2005; 61(3): 242-250.  ISSN:  0300-9475.  
URL: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/servlet/useragent?func=showIssues&code=sji
NAL Call No.:  QR180.53
Descriptors:  recombinant Hsp 70, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CD14 (+), characterized monocyte-derived macrophages, monocyte derived dendritic cells (DC), BoMac, an immortalized bovine macrophage cell line.

Lei, Liying; Hostetter, Jesse M.  Effects of Mycobacteria avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection on bovine dendritic cell surface marker expression.  FASEB Journal.  2005; 19(4, Suppl. S, Pt. 1): A965.  ISSN:  0892-6638.  Note:  Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting, 35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences, San Diego, CA, USA; March 31 -April 06, 2005.
URL:  http://www.fasebj.org/contents-by-date.0.shtml
NAL Call No.:  QH301.F3
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, infected bovine CD14(+) monocytes, cultured for dendritic cell differentiation in vivo, host immune response, down-regulation of MHCII expression on DCs.

Leine, N.  Smittesaneringsprosjektet "Friskere geiter".  [Disease eradication project "Healthier goats.”]  Norsk Veterinaertidsskrift.  2005; 117(5): 360-362.  ISSN:  0332-5741.  Note:  In Norweigian.
Descriptors:  goats, goat diseases, preventive medicine, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, caprine arthritis encephalitis, Norway.

Li, Lingling; Bannantine, John P.; Zhang, Qing; Amonsin, Alongkorn; May, Barbara J.; Alt, David; Banerji, Nilanjana; Kanjilal, Sagarika; Kapur, Vivek.  The complete genome sequence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.  2005; 102(35): 12344-12349.  ISSN:  0027-8424.  
URL:  http://www.pnas.org/contents-by-date.0.shtml
NAL Call No.:  500 N21P
Descriptors:  Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, strain K-10, pathogenic strain of Johne’s, cattle, ruminants, sequence data, description of the genome, comparison with Mtb.

Lindstedt, Bjorn Arne.  Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeats analysis for genetic fingerprinting of pathogenic bacteria.  Electrophoresis.  2005; 26(13): 2567-2582.  ISSN:  0173-0835. 
Descriptors:  DNA fingerprinting, identifying, tracing, preventing dissemination, pathogenic bacteria, review article, VNTRs, MLVA, advantages and disadvantages, many species listed including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.  

Lombard, Jason E.; Garry, Franklyn B.; McCluskey, Brian J.; Wagner, Bruce A.  Risk of removal and effects on milk production associated with paratuberculosis status in dairy cows.  Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.  2005; 227(12): 1975-1981.  ISSN:  0003-1488.
URL: