Cephalopods
2002
Ikeda, Y.; Okazaki, J.; Sakurai, Y.; Sakamoto, W. (2002) Periodic variation in Sr/Ca ratios in statoliths of the Japanese Common Squid Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup, 1880 (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) maintained under constant water temperature. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 273 (2): 161‑170, ISSN: 0022‑0981.
NAL call no: QH91.A1J6
Descriptors: marine ecology , Todarodes pacificus, Japanese common squid, animals, Invertebrates, mollusks, strontium/calcium ratio, periodic feeding activity, periodic variation, vertical movements, water temperature.
2001
Domingues, P. M.; A. Sykes; J. P. Andrade. Pilot‑scale culture of the cuttlefish S. Officinalis at the University of the Algarve (South Portugal). World Aquac. Baton Rouge, La. : World Aquaculture Society,. June 2001. v. 32 (2) p. 3‑5. ISSN: 1041‑5602.
NAL call no: SH1.W62
Descriptors: Sepia, mollusc culture, evaluation, growth rate, life cycle, liveweight, ova, prey, feeding, rearing techniques, larvae, survival, stocking density, handling, Portugal.
Jaffe, H.; Sharma, P.; Grant, P.; Pant, H. (2001) Characterization of the phosphorylation sites of the squid (Loligo pealei) high‑molecular‑weight neurofilament protein from giant axon axoplasm. J Neurochem 76(4): 1022‑31, ISSN: 0022‑3042.
NAL call no: QP351.J6
Abstract: Axonal caliber in vertebrates is attributed,
in part, to the extensive phosphorylation of NFM and NFH C‑terminal
tail domain KSP repeats by proline‑directed kinases. The squid giant
axon, primarily involved in rapid impulse conduction during jet propulsion
motility, is enriched in squid‑specific neurofilaments, particularly
the highly phosphorylated NF‑220. Of the 228 serine‑threonine
candidate phosphate acceptor sites in the NF‑220 tail domain (residues
401‑1220), 82 are found in numerous repeats of three different motifs
SAR/K, SEK/R, K/RSP, with 62 of these tightly clustered in the C‑terminal
repeat segment (residues 840‑1160). Characterization of the in vivo
NF‑220 phosphorylated sites should provide clues as to the relevant
kinases. To characterize these sites, proteolytic digests of NF‑220
were analyzed by a combination of HPLC, electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
and database searching. A total of 53 phosphorylation sites were characterized,
with 47 clustered in the C‑terminal repeat segment (residues 840‑1160),
representing 76% (47/62) of the total acceptor sites in the region. As in
mammalian NFH, approximately 64% of the K/RSP sites (14/22) in this region
were found to be phosphorylated implicating proline‑directed kinases.
Significantly, 78% of serines (31/40) in the KAES*EK and EKS*ARSP motifs were
also phosphorylated suggesting that non proline‑directed kinases such
as CKI may also be involved. This is consistent with previous studies showing
that CKI is the principal kinase associated with axoplasmic NF preparations.
It also suggests that phosphorylation of large macromolecules with multiple
phospho‑sites requires sequential phosphorylation by several kinases.
Descriptors: axons chemistry, cytoplasm chemistry, neurofilament
proteins chemistry, amino acid sequence, binding sites physiology, chromatography,
liquid, molecular sequence data, neurofilament proteins isolation and purification,
peptide fragments analysis, peptide hydrolases metabolism, phosphorylation,
protein structure, tertiary, sequence analysis, protein, spectrum analysis,
squid, peptide fragments, neurofilament protein NF 220.
Mather, J.A. Animal suffering: an invertebrate perspective. J Appl Anim Welf Sci. Mahwah, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 2001. v.4 (2) p. 151‑156. ISSN: 1088‑8705.
NAL call no: HV4701.J68
Descriptors: laboratory animals, invertebrates, Cephalopoda, pain, animal welfare, octopus, animal behavior,. conditioned reflexes, nervous system, ethics.
Zheng, X.D.; Wang, R.C.; Wang, X.F.; Xiao, S.; Chen, B. (2001)
Genetic variation in populations of
the common Chinese cuttlefish Sepiella maindroni ( Mollusca : Cephalopoda)
using allozymes and mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis. Journal of Shellfish Research V 20, N3
( DEC ) , P. 1159-1165, ISSN: 0730-8000.
Descriptors: genetic variation, Sepiella maindroni, allozyme, cytochrome oxidase I gene, DNA sequencing.
2000
Boutilier, R.G.; West, T.G.; Webber, D.M.; Pogson, G.H.; Mesa, K.A.; Wells, J.; Wells, M.J. (2000) The protective effects of hypoxia‑induced hypometabolism in the Nautilus. J Comp Physiol [B] 170(4): 261‑8, ISSN: 0174‑1578.
NAL call no: QP33.J681
Abstract: Specimens of Nautilus pompilius were trapped
at depths of 225‑300 m off the sunken barrier reef southeast of Port
Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Animals transported to the Motupore Island laboratory
were acclimated to normal habitat temperatures of 18 degrees C and then cannulated
for arterial and venous blood sampling. When animals were forced to undergo
a period of progressive hypoxia eventually to encounter ambient partial pressure
of oxygen (PO2) levels of approximately 10 mmHg (and corresponding arterial
PO2's of approximately 5 mmHg), they responded by lowering their aerobic metabolic
rates to 5‑10% of those seen in resting normoxic animals. Coincident
with this profound metabolic suppression was an overall decrease in activity,
with brief periods of jet propulsion punctuating long periods of rest. Below
ambient PO2 levels of 30‑40 mmHg, ventilatory movements became highly
periodic and at the lowest PO2 levels encountered, ventilation occasionally
ceased altogether. Cardiac output estimated by the Fick equation decreased
during progressive hypoxia by as much as 75 80%, and in the deepest hypometabolic
states heart rates slowed to one to two cycles of very low amplitude per minute.
By the end of 500 min exposure to ambient PO2 levels of 10 mmHg or less, the
anaerobic end products octopine and succinate had increased significantly
in adductor muscle and heart, respectively. Increased concentrations of octopine
in adductor muscle apparently contributed to a small intracellular acidosis
and to the development of a combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis in
the extracellular compartment. On the other hand, increases in succinate in
heart muscle occurred in the absence of any change in cardiac pHi. Taken together,
we estimate that these anaerobic end products would make up less than 2% of
the energy deficit arising from the decrease in aerobic metabolism. Thus,
metabolic suppression is combined with a massive downregulation of systemic
O2 delivery to match metabolic supply to demand.
Descriptors: adaptation, physiological physiology, anoxia metabolism, arginine analogs and derivatives, basal metabolism physiology, Mollusca metabolism, acid base equilibrium physiology, arginine metabolism, carbon dioxide metabolism, heart rate, hydrogen ion concentration, muscles metabolism, myocardium metabolism, oxygen metabolism, respiration, succinic acid metabolism.
Dickel, L.; Boal, J.G.; Budelmann, B.U. (2000) The effect of early experience on learning and memory in cuttlefish. Developmental Psychobiology 36 (2): 101‑110, ISSN: 0012‑1630.
NAL call no: QP351.D4
Descriptors: behavior, development, Cephalopoda, Mollusca, Invertebrata, Animalia, Sepia officinalis, cuttlefish, juvenile, animals, invertebrates, learning, acquisition, early experience effect, retention, memory, early experience effect, growth, maturation rate, ontogeny, rearing environment, enriched, impoverished.
Nyholm, S.V.; Stabb, E.V.; Ruby, E.G.; McFall‑Ngai, M.J. (2000) Establishment of an animal‑bacterial association: recruiting symbiotic vibrios from the environment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97(18): 10231‑5, ISSN: 0027‑8424.
NAL call no: 500 N21P
Abstract: While most animal‑bacterial symbioses
are reestablished each successive generation, the mechanisms by which the
host and its potential microbial partners ensure tissue colonization remain
largely undescribed. We used the model association between the squid Euprymna
scolopes and Vibrio fischeri to examine this process. This light organ symbiosis
is initiated when V. fischeri cells present in the surrounding seawater enter
pores on the surface of the nascent organ and colonize deep epithelia‑lined
crypts. We discovered that when newly hatched squid were experimentally exposed
to natural seawater, the animals responded by secreting a viscous material
from the pores of the organ. Animals maintained in filtered seawater produced
no secretions unless Gram‑negative bacteria, either living or dead,
were reintroduced. The viscous material bound only lectins that are specific
for either N‑acetylneuraminic acid or N‑acetylgalactosamine, suggesting
that it was composed of a mucus‑containing matrix. Complex ciliated
fields on the surface of the organ produced water currents that focused the
matrix into a mass that was tethered to, and suspended above, the light organ
pores. When V. fischeri cells were introduced into the seawater surrounding
the squid, the bacteria were drawn into its fluid‑filled body cavity
during ventilation and were captured in the matrix. After residing as an aggregate
for several hours, the symbionts migrated into the pores and colonized the
crypt epithelia. This mode of infection may be an example of a widespread
strategy by which aquatic hosts increase the likelihood of successful colonization
by rarely encountered symbionts.
Descriptors: gram negative bacteria physiology, gram positive bacteria physiology, squid microbiology, squid physiology, symbiosis, Vibrio physiology, cloning, molecular, epithelium microbiology, epithelium physiology, lectins, luminescent proteins analysis, luminescent proteins genetics, recombinant proteins analysis, seawater microbiology.
1999
Grant, P; Diggins, M; Pant, H.C. (1999) Topographic regulation of cytoskeletal protein phosphorylation by multimeric
complexes in the squid giant fiber system. J Neurobiol 40(1): 89‑102, ISSN: 0022‑3034.
Abstract: In mammalian and squid nervous systems,
the phosphorylation of neurofilament proteins (NFs) seems to be topographically
regulated. Although NFs and relevant kinases are synthesized in cell bodies,
phosphorylation of NFs, particularly in the lys‑ser‑pro (KSP)
repeats in NF‑M and NF‑H tail domains, seem to be restricted to
axons. To explore the factors regulating the cellular compartmentalization
of NF phosphorylation, we separated cell bodies (GFL) from axons in the squid
stellate ganglion and compared the kinase activity in the respective lysates.
Although total kinase activity was similar in each lysate, the profile of
endogenous phosphorylated substrates was strikingly different. Neurofilament
protein 220 (NF220), high‑molecular‑weight NF protein (HMW), and
tubulin were the principal phosphorylated substrates in axoplasm, while tubulin
was the principal GFL phosphorylated substrate, in addition to highly phosphorylated
low‑molecular‑weight proteins. Western blot analysis showed that
whereas both lysates contained similar kinases and cytoskeletal proteins,
phosphorylated NF220 and HMW were completely absent from the GFL lysate. These
differences were highlighted by P13(suc1) affinity chromatography, which revealed
in axoplasm an active multimeric phosphorylation complex(es), enriched in
cytoskeletal proteins and kinases; the equivalent P13 GFL complex exhibited
six to 20 times less endogenous and exogenous phosphorylation activity, respectively,
contained fewer cytoskeletal proteins and kinases, and expressed a qualitatively
different cdc2‑like kinase epitope, 34 kDa rather than 49 kDa. Cell
bodies and axons share a similar repertoire of molecular consitutents; however,
the data suggest that the cytoskeletal/kinase phosphorylation complexes extracted
from each cellular compartment by P13 are fundamentally different.
Descriptors: cytoskeletal proteins metabolism, nerve fibers
metabolism, nerve fibers ultrastructure, protein kinases metabolism, chromatography,
affinity, cytoskeletal proteins chemistry, electrophoresis, polyacrylamide
gel, neurofilament proteins chemistry, neurofilament proteins isolation and
purification, neurofilament proteins metabolism, phosphorylation, repetitive
sequences, amino acid, squid.
1998
Boal, J. G.; S. A. Gonzalez. Social behavior of individual oval squids (Cephalopoda, Teuthoidea, Loliginidae, Sepioteuthis lessoniana) within a captive school. Ethology. Berlin : Paul Parey, 1986. Feb 1998. v. 104 (2) p. 161‑178. ISSN: 0179‑1613.
NAL call no: QL750.E74
Descriptors: Loliginidae, social behavior, behavior patterns.
Houlihan, D.F.; Kelly, K.; Boyle, P.R. (1998) Correlates of growth and feeding in laboratory‑maintained Eledone cirrhosa (Cephalopoda: Octopoda). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78 (3) 919‑932, ISSN: 0025‑3154.
NAL call no: 442.9 M331
Descriptors: marine ecology , Cephalopoda, Eledone cirrhosa, body mass, digestive gland index, feeding, growth.
Nishiguchi, M.K.; Ruby, E.G.; McFall‑Ngai, M.J. (1998)
Competitive dominance among strains
of luminous bacteria provides an unusual form of evidence for parallel evolution
in Sepiolid squid‑vibrio symbioses. Appl Environ Microbiol 64(9): 3209‑13, ISSN: 0099‑2240.
NAL call no: 448.3 AP5
Abstract: One of the principal assumptions in symbiosis
research is that associated partners have evolved in parallel. We report here
experimental evidence for parallel speciation patterns among several partners
of the sepiolid squid‑luminous bacterial symbioses. Molecular phylogenies
for 14 species of host squids were derived from sequences of both the nuclear
internal transcribed spacer region and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase
subunit I; the glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase locus was sequenced
for phylogenetic determinations of 7 strains of bacterial symbionts. Comparisons
of trees constructed for each of the three loci revealed a parallel phylogeny
between the sepiolids and their respective symbionts. Because both the squids
and their bacterial partners can be easily cultured independently in the laboratory,
we were able to couple these phylogenetic analyses with experiments to examine
the ability of the different symbiont strains to compete with each other during
the colonization of one of the host species. Our results not only indicate
a pronounced dominance of native symbiont strains over nonnative strains,
but also reveal a hierarchy of symbiont competency that reflects the phylogenetic
relationships of the partners. For the first time, molecular systematics has
been coupled with experimental colonization assays to provide evidence for
the existence of parallel speciation among a set of animal‑bacterial
associations.
Descriptors: phylogeny, squid microbiology, symbiosis, Vibrio
genetics, Vibrio growth and development, cytochrome c oxidase genetics, DNA,
bacterial, evolution, glyceraldehydes 3 phosphate dehydrogenases genetics,
luminescence bacterial, molecular sequence data, sequence analysis, DNA, species
specificity, squid genetics.
1997
Hanlon, R.T.; Claes, M.F.; Ashcraft, S.E.; Dunlap, P.V. (1997) Laboratory culture of the sepiolid squid Euprymna scolopes: A model system for bacteria‑animal symbiosis. Biological Bulletin Woods Hole 192 (3) 364‑374, ISSN: 0006‑3185.
NAL call no: 442.8 B52
Descriptors: development, ecology (environmental sciences), physiology, reproductive system (reproduction), systematics and taxonomy, Cephalopoda, Vibrionaceae, Eubacteria, bacteria, Euprymna scolopes, Vibrio fischeri (Vibrionaceae), microorganisms, bacterial animal symbiosis, growth, laboratory culture, model, oviposition, sepiolid squid, settlement, sexual maturity, survival , symbiont.
Oestmann, D. J.; J. M. Scimeca; J. Forsythe; R. Hanlon; P. Lee. Special considerations for keeping cephalopods in laboratory facilities. Contem Top Lab Anim Sci. Cordova, TN : The Association, 1992. Mar 1997. v. 36 (2) p. 89‑93. ISSN: 1060‑0558.
NAL call no: SF405.5.A23
Descriptors: Cephalopoda, culture techniques, laboratory rearing, aquaria, animal models, laboratory animals.
1996
Boutilier, R.G.; West, T.G.; Pogson, G.H.; Mesa, K.A.; Wells, J.; Wells, M.J. (1996) Nautilus and the art of metabolic maintenance. Nature London 382 (6591) 534‑536, ISSN: 0028‑0836.
NAL call no: 472 N21
Descriptors: biochemistry and molecular biophysics, blood and lymphatics, transport and circulation, marine ecology, environmental sciences, metabolism, physiology, Nautilus pompilius, Cephalopoda.
Clay, J.R. (1996) Effects
of permeant cations on K+ channel gating in nerve axons revisited. J Membr Biol 153(3): 195‑201, ISSN:
0022‑2631.
NAL call no: QH573.J6
Abstract: An increase in extracellular potassium ion
concentration, Ko, significantly slows the potassium channel deactivation
rate in squid giant axons, as previously shown. Surprisingly, the effect does
not occur in all preparations which, coupled with the voltage independence
of this result in preparations in which it does occur, suggests that it is
mediated at a site outside of the electric field of the channel, and that
this site is accessible to potassium ions in some preparations, but not in
others. In other words, the effect does not appear to be related to occupancy
of the channel by potassium ions. This conclusion is supported by a four‑barrier,
three‑binding site model of single file diffusion through the channel
in which one site, at most, is unoccupied by a potassium ion (single‑vacancy
model). The model is consistent with current‑voltage relations with
various levels of Ko, and, by definition, with multiple occupancy by K+. The
model predicts that occupancy of any given site is essentially independent
of Ko (or Ki). The effects of extracellular Rb+ and Cs+ on gating are strongly
voltage dependent, and they were observed in all preparations investigated.
Consequently, the mechanism underlying these results would appear to be different
from that which underlies the effect of K+ on gating. In particular, the effect
of Rb+ on gating is reduced by strong hyperpolarization, which in the context
of the occupancy hypothesis, is consistent with the voltage dependence of
the current‑voltage relation in the presence of Rb+. The primary, novel,
finding in this study is that the effects of Cs+ are counterintuitive in this
regard. Specifically, the slowing of channel deactivation rate by Cs+ is also
reduced by hyperpolarization, similar to the Rb+ results, whereas blockade
is enhanced, which is seemingly inconsistent with the concept that occupancy
of the channel by Cs+ underlies the effect of this ion on gating. This result
is further elucidated by barrier modeling of the current‑voltage relation
in the presence of Cs+.
Descriptors: axons physiology, ion channel gating, potassium
channels metabolism, calcium metabolism, electrophysiology.
Robertson, J.D.; Bonaventura, J.; Kohm, A.; Hiscat, M. (1996)
Nitric oxide is necessary for visual
learning in Octopus vulgaris. Proc
R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 263(1377): 1739‑43, ISSN: 0962‑8452.
Abstract: We recently reported that inhibition of
nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in Octopus vulgaris by intramuscular injections
of an analog of L‑arginine, N‑omega‑nitro‑L‑arginine
methyl ester (L‑NAME), blocked touch learning in Octopus vulgaris. The
inactive enantiomorph (D‑NAME), which had no effect on learning, was
used for control. We now report that essentially the same procedures block
visual learning in this animal. We used a visual paradigm in which the octopus
was trained to respond positively to a smooth black plastic ball 2.5 cm diameter
and negatively to a similar white ball, or vice versa. One set of eight animals
was trained to the black ball positive, and another set of six to the white
ball positive. Each set was trained at different times by two different trainers.
We found that a 1 h pretreatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor
L‑NAME blocks visual learning in Octopus vulgaris in both sets of animals.
Descriptors: learning physiology, nitric oxide physiology,
Octopus physiology, enzyme inhibitors pharmacology, learning drug effects,
nitroarginine methyl ester pharmacology, nitric oxide synthase antagonists
and inhibitors, photic stimulation.
Siriraksophon, S.; Morinaga, T. (1996) Effect of background brightness on the visual contrast threshold of the
Japanese common squid [Todarodes pacificus]. Fisheries Science 62(4): 534‑537, ISSN 0919‑9268.
Descriptors: Todarodes pacificus, vision, performance testing, behaviour, lighting, light regimes, darkness, laboratory experimentation, laboratory equipment, Cephalopoda, environmental control, environmental factors, equipment, experimentation, lighting, Mollusca, physiological functions, senses, testing, animal physiology and biochemistry.
1995
Clay, J.R. (1995) A
simple model of K+ channel activation in nerve membrane. J Theor Biol 175(2): 257‑62, ISSN:
0022‑5193.
NAL call no: 442.8 J8223
Abstract: A model is proposed for activation of potassium
ion channel current, IK, in squid giant axons, which consists of two closed
states and one open state. The rate parameter in the forward direction between
the two closed states depends upon previous history. That is, it relaxes exponentially
to its steady‑state value appropriate to the membrane potential of a
voltage clamp step rather than change instantaneously as in traditional models
of channel gating. The model successfully describes both the enhancement of
the delay in activation of IK with relatively negative prepulse potentials,
i.e. the Cole‑Moore effect, and the time‑dependent rising phase
of "on" gating current, which has been reported recently for several
types of potassium channels.
Descriptors: axons metabolism, ion channel gating physiology,
potassium channels physiology, models biological, squid.
Rivera, D.T.; Langford, G.M.; Weiss, D.G.; Nelson, D.J. (1995)
Calmodulin regulates fast axonal transport
of squid axoplasm organelles. Brain
Res Bull 37(1): 47‑52, ISSN: 0361‑9230.
Abstract: The role of calmodulin (CaM) in organelle
motility (fast axonal transport) in the axoplasm of the squid giant axon was
evaluated directly using video‑enhanced microscopy. Addition of 6 microM
CaM to extruded squid axoplasm produced a 2.6‑fold increase in the number
of organelles moving per minute per unit area of axoplasm. When lower concentrations
of CaM, including physiological concentration (2 micrograms/ml), were added
to extruded axoplasm, the number of organelles moving was equally increased.
CaM had no significant effect on the mean velocity of organelle translocations.
The stimulatory effect of CaM was reduced significantly by the CaM inhibitors
melittin (36 microM) and trifluoperazine (50 microM). Parvalbumin, a high‑affinity
calcium binding protein, did not stimulate motile activity. These results
suggest that CaM is a positive regulator of fast axonal transport. At the
molecular level, this regulation may involve microtubule‑and/or actin‑based
motor proteins. Several possible molecular mechanisms are proposed.
Descriptors: axonal transport physiology, axons metabolism, calmodulin physiology, organelles physiology, axonal transport drug effects, axons drug effects, biological transport drug effects, biological transport physiology, calmodulin antagonists and inhibitors, melitten pharmacology, microscopy, video, organelles drug effects, squid, time factors, trifluoperazine pharmacology.
Segawa, S. (1995) Effect of temperature on oxygen consumption of juvenile oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana. Fisheries Science 61(5): 743‑746, ISSN 0919‑9268.
Descriptors: Sepioteuthis, growth period, oxygen consumption,
environmental temperature, weight, laboratory experimentation, Cephalopoda,
developmental stages, environmental factors, experimentation, gas exchange,
physiological functions, temperature, animal physiology and biochemistry,
aquatic ecology.
Siriraksophon, S.; Nakamura, Y.; Matsuike, K. (1995) Visual contrast threshold of Japanese common
squid Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup. Fisheries Science 61(4): 574‑577, ISSN 0919‑9268.
Descriptors: Todarodes pacificus, vision, identification, senses, laboratory experimentation, behaviour, testing, darkness, light, Cephalopoda, environmental factors, experimentation, physiological functions, radiation, senses, aquatic ecology, animal physiology and biochemistry.
Villanueva, R. (1995) Experimental rearing and growth of planktonic Octopus vulgaris from hatching to settlement. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52 (12) 2639‑2650, ISSN: 0706‑652X.
NAL call no: 442.9 C16J
Descriptors: behavior, development, ecology, environmental sciences, marine ecology, physiology, Cephalopoda, Octopus vulgaris, Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic, Atlantic Ocean, behavior, dispersal, negative phototaxis, survival, temperature, weight gain.
Wada, Y.; Kobayashi, T. (1995) On an iteroparity of the oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific
Fisheries v. 61(2) p. 151‑158, ISSN 0021‑5392.
Descriptors: Sepioteuthis, oviposition, reproductive performance,
environmental temperature, laboratory experimentation, aquaculture equipment,
copulation, egg hatchability, fertility, animal performance, biological properties,
Cephalopoda, environmental factors, equipment, experimentation, fertilization,
physiological functions, reproduction, sexual reproduction, temperature, animal
physiology, reproduction, aquatic ecology.
1994
Boletzky, S.V. (1994) Embryonic
Development of Cephalopods at Low-Temperatures. Antarctic Science V. 6, N2 (JUN), P. 139-142, ISSN: 0954-1020.
Descriptors: environmental sciences, multidisciplinary sciences,
Cephalopoda, spawning, development, embryos, hatching, coldwater.
Brierley, A.S.; Thorpe, J.P. (1994) Biochemical-Genetic Evidence Supporting the Taxonomic Separation of Loligo
gahi from the genus Loligo. Antarctic
Science V. 6, N2 (JUN), P. 143-148, ISSN: 0954-1020.
Descriptors: environmental sciences, multidisciplinary sciences, Loligo gahi, electrophoresis, genetics, systematics.
Ivanovic, M.L.; Brunetti, N.E. (1994) Food and Feeding of Illex argentinus. Antarctic Science V. 6 , N2 (JUN), p. 185-193, ISSN: 0954-1020.
Descriptors: Illex argentinus, food, feeding, crustaceans,
fish, cannibalism.
Lee, P.G.; Turk, P.E.; Yang, W.T.; Hanlon, R.T. (1994) Biological characteristics and biomedical
applications of the squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana cultured through multiple
generations. Biol Bull 186(3):
328‑41, ISSN: 0006‑3185.
Abstract: Providing squids‑‑especially
their giant axons‑‑for biomedical research has now been achieved
in 10 mariculture trials extending through multiple generations. The noteworthy
biological characteristics of Sepioteuthis lessoniana are (1) this species
is behaviorally and morphologically well suited to the laboratory environment;
(2) the life cycle is completed in 4‑6 months; (3) growth is rapid (12%
and 5% wet body weight d‑1 for 100 d and for the life span, respectively),
with adult size ranging from 0.4‑2.2 kg; (4) feeding rates are high
(30% wet body weight d‑1), and a variety of live crustaceans and fishes
are eaten; (5) crowding is tolerated (about 4 squids m‑3); (6) the incidence
of disease and cannibalism is low; and (7) reproduction in captivity allows
culture through three successive generations. Engineering factors contributed
to culture success: (1) physical design (i.e., size, shape, and painted pattern)
of the culture tanks; (2) patterns of water flow in the culture tanks; (3)
water filtration systems; and (4) spawning substrates. Initial production
(a few hundred squids per year) suggests that large‑scale culture will
be able to supply the needs of the biomedical research community. The size
(> 400 microns in diameter) and characteristics of the giant axons of Sepioteuthis
are appropriate for experimentation, and other studies indicate that the eye,
oculomotor/equilibrium system, olfactory system, blood, and ink are equally
suitable for research.
Descriptors: squid growth and development, axons, behavior animal, eating, feeding behavior, light, ovum physiology, reproduction, research, seawater, squid embryology, tissue culture.
Yokawa, K. (1994) Allozyme
Differentiation of 16 Species of Ommastrephid Squid (Mollusca, Cephalopoda).
Antarctic Science V 6, N2 ( JUN
), p. 201-204, ISSN: 0954-1020.
Descriptors: squid, Ommastrephidae, allozyme, electrophoresis.
1993
Dimarco, F.P.; Turk, P.E.; Scimeca, J.M. Jr.; Browning, W.J.; Lee, P.G. (1993) Laboratory survival, growth, and digestive gland histologic features of squids reared on living and non‑living fish diets. Laboratory Animal Science 43 (3) 226‑231, ISSN: 0023‑6764.
NAL call no: 410.9 P94
Descriptors: animal care, cell biology, development, digestive system, ingestion and assimilation, estuarine ecology, environmental sciences, methods and techniques, nutrition, pathology, physiology, Cephalopoda.
1991
Boyle, P. R. The UFAW handbook on the care and management of cephalopods in the laboratory. Potters Bar, Herts. [England] : Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, c1991. 63 p. : ill. ISBN: 0900767723.
NAL call no: SF407.M37B68
Descriptors: marine invertebrates as laboratory animals, Cephalopoda.
1990
Gilbert, D. L.; W. J. Adelman; J. M. Arnold. Squid as experimental animals. New York : Plenum Press, c1990. xxxi, 516 p. : ill. ISBN: 0306435136.
NAL call no: QL430.2.S66
Descriptors: squids as laboratory animals, nervous system, mollusks, squids, cytology, animal welfare.
1989
Arnaya, I.N.; Sano, N.; Iida, K. (1989) Studies on acoustic target strength of squid, 2: Effect of behaviour on
averaged dorsal aspect target strength [of Todarodes pacificus and Ommastrephes
bartrami]. Bulletin of the Faculty
of Fisheries Hokkaido University 40(2): 83‑99, ISSN 0018‑3458.
Descriptors: squids, acoustic properties, echosounding, strength, todarodes, ommastrephes, behaviour, orientation, laboratory experiments, measurement, Cephalopoda, chemicophysical properties, environmental factors, experiments, foods, measurement, mechanical properties.
DeRusha, R.H.; Forsythe, J.W.; DiMarco, F.P.; Hanlon, R.T. (1989) Alternative diets for maintaining and rearing cephalopods in captivity. Lab Anim Sci v. 39 (4) p. 306-312.
NAL call no: 410.9 P94
Abstract: The requirement of live marine prey for cephalopod mariculture has restricted its practicality for inland research laboratories, commerical enterprises and home aquarists. We evaluated acceptability and resultant growth on: (a) frozen marine shrimps, (b) live and frozen marine polychaete worms, (c) live and frozen marine crabs, (d) frozen marine fishes, (e) live adult brine shrimp, (f) live freshwater fish and (g) live freshwater crayfish. The diets were presented for periods of 2 to 11 weeks to octopuses, cuttlefishes or squids and in most trials the results were compared to animals fed control diets of live marine shrimps, crabs or fish. Overall, frozen marine shrimp proved to be the best alternative diet tested. Adult Octopus maya on frozen marine shrimp diets grew as well as those on control diets at 2.8% body weight per day (%/d) compared to 2.0 %/d on live freshwater crayfish, 1.4%/d on live marine polychaete worms and 0.8 %/d on live freshwater fish (Tilapia sp.). Juvenile Octopus maya and Octopus bimaculoides also grew comparably to controls when fed frozen marine shrimps; growth rates ranged from near 3.0 %/d at 3 months of age to nearly 2.5 %/d at 6 months of age. Thus, these alternatives are acceptable as the octopuses end their exponential growth phase at an age of 3-5 months. Attempts to rear O. maya hatchlings and juveniles (up to 1 month of age) on dead foods resulted in high mortality and slow or negative growth. No live or dead alternative diet has been found yet that will promote good growth and survival in hatchling octopuses. Hatchling F3 generation Sepia officinalis (the European cuttlefish) were reared for 6 weeks exclusively on adult brine shrimp (Artemia salina). Survival, feeding rate and growth were excellent. This experiment marks the first time that brine shrimp have been readily accepted frozen marine shrimp at 3 months of age, and growth over 2 months was 3.3 %/d versus 3.9 %/d on live shrimp. Gross Growth Efficiency (GGE) was 39% and 43%, respectively. Twenty-five slightly older cuttlefish, group-reared for 69 days on a diet of frozen marine fishes, grew at 2.5 %/d with a mean GGE of 38%. These data compare well to published data from live diets. The bay squid Lolligucula brevis was trained over an 8-day period to accept frozen marine shrimps. Over 41 days, growth was 1.3%/d versus 1.8 %/d on live shrimp. These results provide researchers and others some viable alternative foods for maintaining or rearing cephalopods through a substantial portion of their life cycle.
Descriptors: Cephalopoda, laboratory rearing, diet, animal feeding, experimental design.
1985
Balch, N.; O'Dor, R.K.; Helm, P. (1985) Laboratory rearing of rhynchoteuthions of the ommastrephid squid Illex illecebrosus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda). Vie et Milieu 35 (3‑4): 243‑246, ISSN 0240‑8759.
NAL call no: QH91.A1V5
Descriptors: cephalopods, animal husbandry methods, viability, diet, environmental control, animals, aquatic animals, aquatic organisms, dietetics, health, invertebrates, isscaap group b 57, isscaap groups of species, methods, nutrition, zootechny.
1980
Matsumoto, G.; J. Shimada. Further improvement upon maintenance of adult squid (Doryteuthis bleekeri) in a small circular and closed‑system aquarium tank. Bio Bull. Woods Hole, Mass., Marine Biological Laboratory. Oct 1980. v. 159 (2) p. 319‑324. ill. ISSN: 0006‑3185.
NAL call no: 442.8 B52
Descriptors: Doryteuthis bleekeri, adult squid, maintenance, aquarium tanks small circular and closed-system, susceptibility hazards, filtering, zeolite, feeding, short and long-term culture, housing, food sources.
1977
Van Heukelem, W. F. Laboratory maintenance, breeding, rearing, and biomedical research potential of the Yucatan octopus (Octopus maya). Lab Anim Sci, Oct 1977, 27 (5, pt. 2): 852‑859. Ref.
NAL call no: 410.9 P94
1973
LaRoe, E.T. (1973) Laboratory
culture of squid. Fed Proc 32(12):
2212‑4, ISSN: 0014‑9446.
Descriptors: animals laboratory growth and development, squid growth and development, behavior animal, environment controlled, feeding behavior, lighting, ultraviolet rays.
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