USDA Funded Research Records from the Current Research Information System
(CRIS)
(1)
ACCESSION NO: 0168532 SUBFILE: CRIS
PROJ
NO: ARK01611 AGENCY: CSREES
PROJ
TYPE: HATCH PROJ STATUS: EXTENDED MULTISTATE PROJ
NO: NE-60
START:
INVESTIGATOR: Erf, G.
F.
PERFORMING INSTITUTION:
GENETIC BASES FOR RESISTANCE
AND IMMUNITY TO AVIAN DISEASES
OBJECTIVES
Identify and characterize environmental, dietary
and physiologic factors that modulate immune system development, optimal immune
function and disease resistance in poultry genetic stocks.
APPROACH: Contributing research will include the Smyth line
chickens which develop spontaneous post-hatch, autoimmune vitiligo. Three
MHC-matched lines of chickens, all homozygous for the MHC B101 haplotype will
be used in this project. Included are the autoimmune vitiliginous Smyth line
(SL), the parental Brown line (BL), and the normally pigmented Light Brown
Leghorn. Special emphasis will be placed on identifying environmental factors
required for the expression of vitiligo in genetically susceptible SL chickens
and on the immune mechanisms involved in autoimmune destruction of pigment
cells in SL vitiligo. Additionally, immunomodulatory effects of dietary supplements
on the avian immune system will be examined in broilers and in turkeys. Scientific
methods used will include in vitro culture systems and flow cytometry.
PROGRESS: 2002/01 TO 2002/12
Mutant Smyth line chickens spontaneously develop post-hatch loss of eye and
feather pigment. This loss of pigment is due to the destruction of pigment
cells by the immune system. The similarities between the autoimmune loss of
pigment cells in Smyth line chickens and the pigment loss observed in human
vitiligo have lead to the acceptance of the SL chicken as the best animal
model to study autoimmune vitiligo. During the last calendar year, we completed
a study (funded by the National Vitiligo Foundation), on the role of environmental
factors such as turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vaccine and other live virus vaccines
(
IMPACT: 2002/01 TO 2002/12
The use of an animal
model that is genetically susceptible to development of autoimmune vitiligo
provides an excellent opportunity to study the cause and effect relationship
between genetic susceptibility and the factors leading to the onset and expression
of autoimmune disease. Knowledge gained from these studies will find direct
application in the management and prevention of autoimmune disease. Additionally,
these studies on immune system dysfunction and mechanisms of pathogenesis
will yield important new knowledge regarding immune system development and
function in avian species.
PUBLICATIONS: 2002/01 TO 2002/12
1. Erf, G. F. 2002. Smyth line autoimmune vitiligo - similar to human autoimmune
vitiligo. Pages 316-332 in Modern Concepts of Immunology in Veterinary Medicine-Poultry
Immunology. Mathew, T., editor. Advances in Medical and Veterinary Virology,
Immunology and Epidemiology, Thajema Publishers,
2. Wang, W., R. F. Wideman, Jr., T. K. Bersi, and G. F. Erf. 2003. Pulmonary
and hematological immune responses to intravenous cellulose micro-particles
in broilers. Poult. Sci. in press.
3. Erf, G. F., T. K. Bersi, and H. S. Lillehoj. 2002. A role of interferon
gamma in autoimmune vitiligo of Smyth line chickens. FEMS in press.
4. Wang, W., G. F. Erf, and R. F. Wideman. 2002. Effect of cage vs floor litter
environments on the pulmonary hypertensive response to intravenous endotoxin
and on blood-gas values in broilers. Poult. Sci. 81:1728-1737.
5. Wang, W., R. F. Wideman, and G. F. Erf. 2002. Pulmonary hypertensive response
to endotoxin in cellulose-primed and unprimed broiler chickens. Poult. Sci.
81:1224-1230.
6. Wideman R. F., G. F. Erf, M. E. Chapman, W. Wang, N. B. Anthony, and L.
Xiaofang. 2002. Intravenous micro-particle injections and pulmonary hypertension
in broiler chickens: acute post-injection mortality and ascites susceptibility.
Poult. Sci. 81:1203-1217.
7. Iqbal, M., J. D. Freiburger, G. F. Erf, and W. G. Bottje. 2002. Immunohistochemical
evidence of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II involvement in pulmonary hypertension
syndrome (PHS) in broilers. Poult. Sci. 81:1231-1235.
8. Wideman, R. F., and G. F. Erf. 2002. Intravenous microparticle injection
and pulmonary hypertension in broiler chickens: Cardio-pulmonary hemodynamic
responses. Poult. Sci. 81:877-886.
PROJECT CONTACT:
Name: Erf, G. F.
Phone: 501-575-8664
Fax: 501-575-3026
Email: gferf@comp.uark.edu
(2)
ACCESSION NO: 0098242 SUBFILE: CRIS
PROJ
NO: CA-V*-PHR-4652-AH96 AGENCY: CSREES CALB
PROJ
TYPE: ANIMAL HEALTH PROJ STATUS: TERMINATED
START:
INVESTIGATOR: Lam, K.
M.
PERFORMING INSTITUTION:
POPULATION HEALTH & REPRODUCTION
UNIV OF
OBJECTIVES: A. To determine that
APPROACH: A. Heterophils and macrophages will be infected with
ND V in vitro. Gel electrophoresis, electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and
in situ hybridization will be used to confirm the presence of apoptosis in
the infected cells. B. The ability of heterophils and macrophages to produce
hydrogen peroxide will be determined by the stimulation of cells with dichclorofluorescein
(DCF) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and followed by flow cytometric
examination. The effect of ND V on hydrogen peroxide production will also
be determined. C. Heterophils and macrophages will be pre-treated with various
recombinant human cytokines and then determine for their oxidative burst by
DCF and PMA.
PROGRESS: 1996/10 TO 2001/09
The efforts in this year have been concentrated on chicken heterophils and
thrombocytes and the effect of
IMPACT: 1996/10 TO 2001/09
The goal of this project was to A. determine that
PUBLICATIONS: 1996/10 TO 2001/09
1. Lam KM. 1997. Myeloperoxidase activity in chicken heterophils and adherent
cells. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 57:327-335.
2. Lam KM. 1997. Activation, adhesion, migration and death of chicken thrombocytes.
Comp. Haematol. Intl. 1:81-87.
(3)
ACCESSION NO: 0182013 SUBFILE: CRIS
PROJ
NO: CALV-AH-176 AGENCY: CSREES CALV
PROJ
TYPE: ANIMAL HEALTH PROJ STATUS: NEW
START:
INVESTIGATOR: Gardner,
PERFORMING INSTITUTION:
MEDICINE & EPIDEMOLOGY
UNIV OF
QUANTITATIVE METHODS TO CERTIFY
FREEDOM OF ANIMALS FROM PATHOGENS
OBJECTIVES: 1. Develop a Bayesian approach to certify disease
freedom of a country/region that incorporates uncertainty in probability estimates.
2. Compare frequentist and Bayesian approaches to certify disease freedom
using common data sets and to compare sample size requirements for surveys
with both approaches.
APPROACH: 1. The Bayesian approach will be implemented with
the Gibbs sampler, an interactive Markov-chain Monte Carlo method. The mathematical
calculations will incorporate the prior probability that a country is free
of disease, the uncertainty in sensitivity and specificity estimates and the
possible clustering of positive test results at a herd level. The output will
be a probabilistic estimate of disease freedom. 2. Frequentist and Bayesian
estimates will be compared with common published data sets on porcine reproductive
and respiratory syndrome and Newcastle Disease. The effect of selected prior
distributions for the Bayesian approach will be evaluated. Sample sites used
in frequentist calculations for surveys will be compared with estimates that
we will derive using Bayesian approaches.
NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY: If countries and regions are able to "certify"
freedom from important animal pathogens, trade opportunities may increase
and product export costs may decrease. To develop a Bayesian statistical approach
(using Gibbs sampling) to quantification of disease freedom. The output from
the model will be probability distributions that can be used to make inferences
about the proportion of diseased herds, within-herd prevalence, and the probability
that a country is free of disease. The research will be involve collaboration
with others in the
PROGRESS: 2002/01 TO 2002/12
Quantitative approaches are needed to allow scientifically-valid inferences
about freedom of animals from important pathogens that affect animal trade.
Freedom in the context of these inferences includes a pathogen prevalence
less than a threshold (e.g. <0.2% of infected herds). We developed a hierarchical
Bayesian statistical model that uses herd-level test results from multiple
herds in a region or country or zone, and adjusts for uncertainty in the sensitivity
and specificity of tests and the prior probability of infectious agent. The
model allows inferences about the post-test probability of freedom from infection,
the proportion of infected herds, and the within-herd prevalence. Using published
survey data for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and Newcastle
Disease in poultry, we have shown that inferences from our Bayesian approach
are similar to those from an alternate simulation modeling approach. The Bayesian
model is superior to previous methods because it allows inferences about the
proportion of infected herds and within-herd prevalence which are important
inputs into risk assessment models. The model has been modified to include
the possibility of different sample sizes in each of the herds, and the use
of additional tests in animals that are positive on the first screening test.
IMPACT: 2002/01 TO 2002/12
The new method has potential to be used internationally as a tool in substantiating
a country's claim of freedom from animal pathogens.
PUBLICATIONS: 2002/01 TO 2002/12
No publications reported this period
PROJECT CONTACT:
Name: Gardner, I. A.
Phone: 530-752-6992
Fax: 530-752-0414
Email: iagardner@ucdavis.edu
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ACCESSION NO: 0177509 SUBFILE: CRIS
PROJ
NO: CALV-CAHFS95CDFA6601 AGENCY: CSVM CALV
PROJ
TYPE: STATE PROJ STATUS: EXTENDED
START:
INVESTIGATOR: Ardans,
A. A.
PERFORMING INSTITUTION:
ADMINISTRATION
UNIV OF
OBJECTIVES: To provide laboratory diagnostic support of the highest
quality for the surveillance and control of diseases and the enhancement of
health of livestock and poultry in
APPROACH: The CVDLS is composed of a full service, central
reference laboratory at UC Davis and four laboratories located at Turlock
(poultry), Fresno (poultry and regulatory services), Tulare (mammalian services)
and San Bernardino (general services for poultry, mammalian and regulatory).
These laboratories are linked by a computer based Management Information and
Surveillance System to function as a single entity.
PROGRESS: 2002/01 TO 2002/12
Avian influenza, H6N2, reoccurred in
IMPACT: 2002/01 TO 2002/12
The resources of the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System
(CAHFS) in concert with
PUBLICATIONS: 2002/01 TO 2002/12
1. Adaska JM,
2. Chin RP. 2002. Isolation of an unidentified, nonfermentative, gram-negative
bacterium from turkeys and chickens: 38 cases (1995-2001). Avian Diseases,
46:447-452.
3. Colagross-Schouten AM, Mazet JA, Gulland FM, Miller MA, Hietala SK. 2002.
Diagnosis and seroprevalence of leptospirosis in
4. Cramer G, Kelton D, Duffield TF, Hobson JC, Lissemore K, Hietala SK, Peregrine
AS. 2002. Neospora caninum serostatus and culling of Holstein cattle. Journal
of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 221:1165-1168.
5. Crespo R, Ghazikhanian GY, Hall CI. 2002. Avulsion of the common retinaculum
in meat turkeys. Avian Diseases, 46:245-248.
6. Crespo R, Stover SM, Shivaprasad HL, Chin RP. 2002. Microstructure and
mineral content of femora in male turkeys with and without fractures. Poultry
Science, 81:1184-1190.
7. Crespo R, Woolcock PR, Fadly AM, Hall C, Shivaprasad HL. 2002. Characterization
of T-cell lymphomas associated with an outbreak of reticuloendotheliosis in
turkeys. Avian Pathology, 31:355 -361.
8. Daft BM, Barr BC, Gardner IA, Read D, Bell W, Peyser KG, Ardans A, Kinde
H, Morrow JK. 2002. Sensitivity and specificity of western blot testing of
cerebrospinal fluid and serum for diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
in horses with and without neurologic abnormalities. Journal of the American
Veterinary Medical Association, 221:1007-1013.
9. Driessen B, Zarucco L, Steffey EP, McCullough C, Del Piero F, Melton L,
Puschner B, Stover SM. 2002. Biochemical and histopathological changes associated
with prolonged sevoflurane anaesthesia in horses. Journal of Veterinary Medicine,
A 49:1-11.
10. Fosgate GT, Adesiyun AA, Hird DW,
11. Fosgate GT, Adesiyun AA, Hird DW, Johnson WO, Hietala SK, Schurig GG,
Ryan J. 2002. Comparison of serologic tests for detection of Brucella infections
in cattle and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). American Journal of Veterinary
Research, 63:1598-1605.
12. Fosgate GT, Hird DW, Read DH, Walker RL. 2002. Risk factors for foals
developing Clostridium piliforme infection (Tyzzer's Disease) on a California
Thoroughbred breeding farm. Journal of the Veterinary Medical Association,
220:785-790.
13. Gordus AG, Shivaprasad HL, Swift P. 2002. Salt toxicosis in ruddy ducks
that winter on an agricultural evaporation basin in
14. Haqshenas G, Huang FF, Fenaux M, Guenette DK, Pierson FW, Larsen CT, Shivaprasad
HL, Toth TE and Meng XJ. 2002. The putative capsid protein of the newly identified
avian hepatitis E virus shares antigenic epitopes with that of swine and human
hepatitis E viruses and the chicken big liver and spleen disease virus. Journal
of General Virology, 83:2201-2209.
15. Hobson JC, Duffield TF, Kelton D, Lissemore K, Hietala SK, Leslie KE,
McEwan B, Cramer G, Peregrine AS. 2002. Neospora caninum serostatus and milk
production of
16. Holstege DM, Puschner B, Whitehead G, and Galey FD. 2002. Screening and
mass spectral confirmation of beta-lactam antibiotic residues in milk using
LC-MS/MS. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemicals, 50:406-411.
17. Huang FF, Haqshenas G, Shivaprasad HL, Guenette DK, Woolcock PR, Larsen
CT, Pierson FW, Elvinger F, Toth TE and Meng XJ. 2002. Heterogeneity and Seroprevalence
of the Newly Identified Avian Hepatitis E Virus from Chickens in the
18.
19. Nieto JE, Spier S, Pipers FS,
20. Peroni DL, Stanley S, Kollias-Baker C, Robinson NE. 2002. Prednisone per
os is likely to have limited efficacy in horses. Equine Veterinary Journal,
34:283-287.
21. Puschner B, Booth MC, Tor ER, Odermatt A. 2002. Diterpenoid alkaloid toxicosis
in cattle in
22. Ridpath JF,
23. Riggs SM, Puschner B, Tell LA. 2002. Management of an ingested lead foreign
body in an Amazon Parrot. Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 44:345-348.
24. Shilton CM, Smith DA, Woods LW, Crawshaw GJ, Lehmkuhl HD. 2002. Adenoviral
infection in captive moose (Alces alces) in
25. Shivaprasad HL, Crespo, R, Puschner B, Lynch S, Wright L. 2002. Myopathy
in brown pelicans (Pelicanus occidentalis) associated with rancid feed. Veterinary
Record, 150: 307-311.
26. Shivaprasad HL, Kim TJ, Woolcock PR, Tripathy DN. 2002. Genetic and antigenic
characterizations of a poxvirus isolate from ostriches. Avian Diseases, 46:429-436.
27. Shivaprasad HL, Woolcock PR, McFarland MD, Curtis M, Karabatsos N. 2002.
Turlock-like bunyavirus associated with encephalomyelitis and myocarditis
in an ostrich chick. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 14:363-370.
28. Shivaprasad HL and Droual R. 2002. Pathology of an atypical strain of
P. gallinarum in chickens. Avian Pathology, 31:399-406.
29. Stamm LV,
30. Suarez DL, Woolcock PR, Bermudez AJ, Senne D. 2002. Isolation from turkey
breeder hens of a reassortant H1N2 influenza with swine, human and avian lineage
genes. Avian Diseases, 46:111-121.
31. Taduesz FM, and Stanley SD. 2002. Improved sythesis of 13C,2H3- and 2H3-salmeterol
by Cs2CO3-mediated monoalkylation of a primary amine. Journal of Labeled Compounds
and Radiopharmaceuticals, 45:755-762.
32. Tegzes J, Puschner B. 2002. Amanita mushroom poisoning - efficacy of aggressive
treatment in 2 dogs. Veterinary and Human Toxicology, 44:96-99.
33. Tegzes JH,
34. Thurmond MC, Wesley OJ, Munoz-Zanzi CA, Chun-Lung S, Hietala SK. 2002.
A method of probability diagnostic assignment that applies Bayes theorum for
use in serologic diagnostics, using an example of Neospora caninum infection
in cattle. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 63:318-325.
35. Turay HO, Caldwell A, Barr BC, Branson KR, Cockrell MKR, Marsh AE. 2002.
Sarcocystis neurona reacting antibodies in
36. Van Hoogmoed LM, Harmon FA,
37. Walker RL, Read DH,
38. Webby RJ, Woolcock PR, Krauss SL, Webster RG. 2002. Reassortment and influenza
transmission of North American H6N2 influenza viruses. Virology, 295:44-53.
39. Woolcock PR, McFarland MD, Lai S and Chin RP. 2002. Enhanced Recovery
of Avian Influenza Virus Isolates using a Combination of Chicken Embryo Inoculation
Methods. Avian Diseases, 45:1030-1035.
40. Zakhartchouk A, Bout A, Woods LW, Lehmkuhl HD, Havenga MJE. 2002. Odocoileus
hemionus deer adenovirus is related to the members of Atadenovirus genus.
Archives of Virology, 147:841-847.
(5)
ACCESSION NO: 0181168 SUBFILE: CRIS
PROJ
NO: CONS-9802281 AGENCY: CSREES CONS
PROJ
TYPE: NRI COMPETITIVE GRANT PROJ STATUS: EXTENDED
CONTRACT/GRANT/AGREEMENT
NO: 98-35204-6954
START:
01 DEC 1998 TERM:
GRANT
AMT: $180,000
INVESTIGATOR: Sekellick,
M. J.; Marcus, P. I.
PERFORMING INSTITUTION:
MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY
UNIV OF
RECOMBINANT CHICKEN INTERFERONS
AS ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
OBJECTIVES: 9802281. Our goal is to develop chicken interferons
singly, or in synergistic mixtures, as novel biological response modifiers
for the prevention or cure of viral diseases. Specific objectives include:
(1) Determine the spectrum and degree of sensitivity of avian viruses of economic
and public health importance to the action of Types I and II recombinant chicken
interferons in vitro, in ovo, and in the chicken, acting singly, and in mixtures
that display synergy; (2) Determine the nature of the heterogeneity in avian
influenza virus sensitivity to recombinant chicken interferon; (3) Determine
the antiviral effects of recombinant chicken interferon administered orally
thorugh novel means and/or intranasally, as an effector of the humoral and
mucosal system; and (4) develop a line of chickens with genetically enhanced
sensitivity to the action of interferon.
APPROACH: The recently cloned and expressed genes of Types
I and II chicken interferons will be produced as glycosylated recombinant
molecules in stably transfected COS cells or in E. coli., purified, and tested
for their in vitro, in ovo and in vivo activity against avian viruses of economic
importance.
PROGRESS: 2000/01 TO 2000/12
Interferons (IFN) are components of the innate immune system and constitute
the first and immediate line of defense against virus infection. They are
produced rapidly by virus-infected cells, are released into the surrounding
milieu within hours, and act within minutes following binding to specific
cellular receptors on uninfected cells. Subsequent signal transduction and
activation of transcription factors result in the activation of over 100 IFN-stimulated
genes. The multiple intracellular modes of action that result from expression
of these IFN-stimulated genes, and their efficacy against a broad spectrum
of virus families, including those subject to antigenic changes that mute
the effectiveness of vaccines, make IFNs novel biological modifiers worthy
of tests to determine the range of their protective and curative properties.
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a second biological response modifier of equally
formidable activity. This class of molecules has emerged as singularly important
in both the induction and action phases of the IFN system, and as an activator
of many genes capable of producing multiple effects on cells and the immune
system. Interestingly, many viruses have evolved mechanisms to prevent activation
of cellular proteins designed to sense, and counteract, the presence of dsRNA.
These include production of viral gene products which sequester dsRNA, and
small helical RNAs. These molecules potentially prevent activation of dsRNA-dependent
pathways of interferon action, or block expression of cellular genes activated
exclusively by dsRNA that may contribute to the antiviral state. Not surprisingly,
these means have provided viruses with highly effective mechanisms against
IFN action. One of the most successful of the anti-IFN mechanisms is exemplified
by the almost absolute resistance to the action of IFN displayed by avian
reovirus (ARV). This resistance is attributed to the dsRNA-binding capacity
of the sigma alpha core protein. Thus, dsRNA could be rate limiting in an
ARV infected cell providing a means of preventing the development of an IFN-
or dsRNA-mediated antiviral state. In support of this hypothesis, we have
shown that dsRNA added exogenously to IFN-treated cells in the form of poly(rI):poly(rC)
is effective in establishing in a dose-dependent manner an antiviral state
against ARV as well as
IMPACT: 2000/01 TO 2000/12
The combined sequential application of interferon and double-stranded RNA
may be useful in overcoming the anti-interferon activity of viruses of clinical
interest, and even find relevance in other clinical conditions where interferon
by itself is marginally, if at all, effective.
PUBLICATIONS: 2000/01 TO 2000/12
1. Sekellick, M.J., Carra, S.A., Bowman, A., Hopkins, D.A. and Marcus, P.I.
2000. Transient resistance of influenza virus to interferon action attributed
to random multiple packaging and activity of NS genes. Journal of Interferon
and Cytokine Research 20:963-970.
2. Marcus, P.I. and Sekellick, M.J. 2000. Combined action of interferon and
dsRNA enhances antiviral effects. European Cytokine Network 11:186.
(6)
ACCESSION NO: 0007173 SUBFILE: CRIS
PROJ
NO: CONS00122 AGENCY: SAES CONS
PROJ
TYPE: STATE PROJ STATUS: EXTENDED
START:
INVESTIGATOR: Van Kruiningen,
H.
PERFORMING INSTITUTION:
PATHOBIOLOGY
UNIV OF
PULLORUM DISEASE CONTROL
OBJECTIVES: Pullorum-Typhoid Eradication.
APPROACH: This program involves the serologic testing of 500,000
to 700,000 avian blood samples per year for the presence of Salmonella pullorum
and S. gallinarum. Reacting birds are called to the laboratory for bacteriological
examination. IfS. pullorum or S. gallinarum is isolated, the reacting flock
is retested at 21 day intervals until two successive negative flock tests
are obtained. Control and regulatory action are administered by the Commissioner
of Agriculture through the State Veterinarian.
PROGRESS: 2002/01 TO 2002/12
This is a collaborative project with the Connecticut Department of Agriculture.
The purpose is to monitor and diagnose infectious diseases of poultry including
Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella enteritidis, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and
synoviae,
IMPACT: 2002/01 TO 2002/12
This monitoring program for infectious disease of
PUBLICATIONS: 2002/01 TO 2002/12
No publications reported this period
(7)
ACCESSION NO: 0086778 SUBFILE: CRIS
PROJ
NO: CONS00541 AGENCY: CSREES CONS
PROJ
TYPE: HATCH PROJ STATUS: TERMINATED MULTISTATE PROJ NO: NE-138
START:
INVESTIGATOR: Khan,
M. I.
PERFORMING INSTITUTION:
PATHOBIOLOGY
UNIV OF
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL
OF EMERGING STRAINS OF POULTRY DISEASE RESPIRATORY AGENTS
OBJECTIVES: Develop and evaluate rapid diagnostic capabilities
for the identification of emerging IBV, ILTV, mycoplasmas, and IBDV.
APPROACH: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) specific RT-PCR.
IBV strains
PROGRESS: 1996/10 TO 2002/09
Development of recombinant DNA vaccine that expresses S1 of IBV and Immunogenicity
studies A recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV) containing a cDNA copy of S1 gene
of IBV (rFPV-S1) was constructed and its immunogenicity and vaccine potential
were evaluated. Initially, rFPV-S1 was shown to express the S1 protein in
vitro by using indirect immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis.
Later, in vivo expression was demonstrated by the detection of IBV-specific
serum IgG and neutralization antibodies in the sera of chickens immunized
with rFPV-S1. That the recombinant virus elicited anti-IBV protective immunity
was indicated by the manifested, relatively mild clinical signs of disease,
decreased titers of recovered challenge virus, and less severe histological
changes of the tracheas in virulent IBV-challenged chickens previously receiving
rFPV-S1 as compared to parental FPV vaccinated control birds. In contrast,
chickens immunized with either recombinant or parental FPV were resistant
to a subsequent, virulent FPV challenge. As to a preferred method of immunization,
wing web inoculation appeared to be superior to the subcutaneous route since
a greater percentage of birds vaccinated by the former protocol exhibited
an anti-IBV humoral immune response. Thus, rFPV-S1 has potential as a poultry
vaccine against both fowlpox and infectious bronchitis.
IMPACT: 1996/10 TO 2002/09
Impact: 1. Recombinant Fowlpox virus containing S1 gene has potential for
a poultry vaccine against both fowlpox and infectious bronchitis. 2. DNA vaccine
containing whole S gene instead of S1 of IBV in pCMV plasmid vector could
provide better protection against IBV infection.
PUBLICATIONS: 1996/10 TO 2002/09
1. Wang, X., W. M. Schnitzlein, D.
2. Khan, M. I. 2002. Avian Pathogenic Mycoplasmas. PCR detection of Microbial
Pathogens. Methods in Molecular Biology. eds. J. Frey and K. Sachse. Humana
Press Inc.
(8)
ACCESSION NO: 0406071 SUBFILE: CRIS
PROJ
NO: AP-511 AGENCY: ERS MTED
PROJ
TYPE: USDA COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT PROJ STATUS: NEW
START:
INVESTIGATOR: Hahn,
W.; Salin, D.; Harvey, D.
PERFORMING INSTITUTION:
Economic Research Service
USDA/ERS
1800 M STREET NW
AP SPECIAL TOPICS: THE ECONOMIC
EFFECT OF CHANGES IN SANITARY REGULATIONS ON BROILER TRADE IN THE
OBJECTIVES: Sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures are impediments
to trade and affect both the flow and the magnitude of trade. Newcastle Disease
(ND) and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), included in List A of the
International Organization for Epizootics (OIE) classification of transmissible
animal diseases, are two highly infections diseases that restrict poultry
trade. The END-free status gives the
APPROACH: Objective 1: Analyze price differentials of poultry
products between the countries in the