NOTE: Information Resources on Newcastle
Disease in Birds may be viewed as one complete publication file below
or as individual chapters
newcastle2.htm.
|
Bibliography of Selected Citations
Current Research Information System Records
Web Sites
INTRODUCTION
About the disease:
There are vaccines
available for many strains of Newcastle disease,
although, it is not unusual for new (exotic) very contagious and virulent disease
strains to break out somewhere around the world on a regular basis. Among the various strains of the Newcastle virus,
there are various levels of lethality. The most virulent (velogenic) strains
can cause rapid onset of disease and kill almost 100% of the infected birds.
There are naturally milder forms that are not as deadly (lentogenic). The virus can infect all species of birds--both
domesticated and wild bird populations. The impact of the disease even in mild forms
is a drastic reduction in the commercial production of eggs and broilers. For more information about the disease and its
effects, the reader is referred to the relevant artices on the topic in the
online version of the Merck Veterinary Manual (See the World Wide Web links
1-4 below). Newcastle disease
is a biosecurity threat to the US poultry industry as stopping the spread of the virus requires
a rapid response to stem the spread and limit economic losses due to the disease.
The 2002-2003 epidemic of END in the US:
An outbreak
of a virulent form of the disease has broken out in the US in the state of California. A sick chicken from a
backyard flock appears to be the means of entry into California poultry flocks. When the
bird exhibited signs of illness, it was taken, on September 25, 2002, to a private
veterinary practioner in Torrence, CA. The
bird was found to have a very pathogenic strain (velogenic) of the exotic Newcastle disease (END). This bird or “index case” is considered to be the
carrier of the very infectous and pathogenic virus that spread quickly into
backyard poultry then moved from there into poultry production facilities in
Southern California. This is the first time since the 1971-73 outbreak
of END that the disease has been of epidemic proportions in California. The main methods of transmission
of the disease from one location to another seem to have been via bird to bird
contact, human activities, insects, rodents, cages, machinery equipment and
infected eggs. It then spread to other
areas of the state. Since this exotic
strain of Newcastle disease was first identified, millions of birds have been sacrificed
in California and as of May 2003, it has not been contained by depopulation
and quarantine. At the time of publication,
commercial flocks and back yard flocks in seven counties in California have been affected. Additional areas of the state are under quarantine.
The disease had spread to adjacent states of
Nevada, Arizona but
the outbreak there seems to be under control through the use of depopulation
and quarantine by government response teams.
An outbreak
of the virus had been detected in Texas, in
May of 2003. DNA sequencing analysis
confirmed that the Texas strain was caused by a separate introduction of the disease and
not due by movement from affected areas in California, Nevada or Arizona. Intense surveillance, and early detection in El Paso County, seems to have contained and eliminated the disease in Texas.
It was with
the current epidemic in the US and the possibility of such epidemics emerging in other places
in the world that this resource was developed.
It is not comprehensive as the focus of the document is mainly the US. The bibliographic information
highlights the recent research that has been published on the disease.
Topics include information about the disease process, susceptible species
of birds, genetics, prevention and control measures, vaccination, vaccines,
etc. There are also relevant USDA sponsored research
and informative and credible websites listed.
References:
1)
http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/203800.htm&word=newcastle%2cdisease
2)
http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/170312.htm&word=newcastle%2cdisease
3)
http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/201901.htm&word=newcastle%2cdisease
4) http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/201902.htm
ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT
The bibliographic
information currently in this document is from the AGRICOLA database.
The U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA) sponsored research listed was
obtained from the USDA’s CRIS database http://cris.csrees.usda.gov which lists
current research funded by USDA both within the Department and universities.
The time span is from 2002 back to 1998. Note
that this is a dynamic document and there may be additions and other changes
to this resource.
Information
on how to request materials that are included in the collection of the
National Agricultural Library (NAL) may be found on the Collection Serivces website at
http://www.nal.usda.gov/services/request.shtml. Please read carefully as there are certain
restrictions on media and
document types.
If the reader
is aware of important science-based information that needs to be added to this
document, please feel free to contact the author at http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/contact.php.
BIBLIOGRAPHY of SELECTED
CITATIONS
1997 - Present
2002 | 2001 | 2000
| 1999 | 1998 | 1997
2002
Artois, M.; Manvell, R.; Fromont,
E.; Schweyer, J.B. Serosurvey for Newcastle disease and avian imfluenza A virus antibodies in great cormorants
from France. Journal
of Wildlife Diseases. Jan 2002. v. 38 (1) p. 169-171. ISSN: 0090-3558
NAL
call no: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: Phalacrocorax carbo, cormorants, serological
surveys, avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus.
Capua, I.; Dalla Pozza, M.; Mutinelli,
F.; Marangon, S.; Terregino, C. Newcastle disease outbreaks in Italy during 2000. The Veterinary Record. May 4, 2002. v. 150 (18) p. 565-568.
ISSN: 0042-4900
NAL
call no: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: poultry, Newcastle disease, Newcastle disease virus, epidemics,
clinical aspects, histopathology, epidemiology, pathogenicity, disease susceptibility,
geographical distribution, Italy.
Chen,
J.P.; Wang, C.H. Clinical epidemiologic
and experimental evidence for the transmission of Newcastle disease virus through eggs. Avian
Diseases. Apr/June 2002. v. 46 (2) p. 461-465. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note:
Summary in Spanish.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Sporadic outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) occurred
in Taiwan during 1998-2000. In some
cases, the disease occurred in broilers less than 2 wk old that originated in
a broiler breeder farm, so spread of the ND virus (NDV) from the infected breeder
farm to broiler ranches was suspected. The purpose of the present study was
to examine the possibility of the transmission of NDV through eggs. Both clinical
and experimental evidence were used to prove that this is possible. From epidemiological
investigation, the possibility of transmission through eggs was suggested in
two separate ND cases from a breeder farm and its progeny because two identical
NDVs were isolated from both cases. In order to clarify the possibility of the
transmission through eggs, one mean egg lethal dose (ELD50) of NDV was inoculated
into the allantoic cavity of 155 9-to-11-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF)
chicken embryos. Seventy-one hatching chicks from the inoculated embryos were
raised for 14 days. The cloacal swabs from those chicks at the ages of 1, 4,
and 7 days and the tissues after necropsy at the ages of 14 days were taken
for virus isolation. The same NDV was reisolated from three hatching chicks.
This experiment confirms that a few chicken embryos infected in ovo with a low
titer of NDV can hatch and contain NDV after hatching, which results in NDV
spreading through eggs.
Descriptors: broilers, experimental
infections, Newcastle disease virus, ova, disease
transmission through eggs, vertical transmission, shedding of virus, cloaca
swabs.
Kommers,
G.D.; King, D.J.; Seal, B.S.; Carmichael, K.P.; Brown, C.C. Pathogenesis of six pigeon origin isolates
of Newcastle disease virus for domestic chickens. Veterinary Pathology.
May 2002. v. 39 (3) p. 353-362. ISSN: 0300-9858
NAL
call no: 41.8 P27
Descriptors: pigeons, chickens, Newcastle disease virus,
pathogenesis, strains, strain differences, hosts, disease course, paramyxovirus,
histopathology, immunohistochemistry, DNA hybridization, messenger RNA, genes,
viral proteins, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, heart, brain.
Landman,
W.J.M.; Post, J.; Boonstra-Blom, A.G.; Buyse, J.; Elbers, A.R.W.; Koch, G. Effect
of an in-ovo infection with a Dutch avian leukosis virus subgroup J isolate
on the growth and immunological performance of SPF broiler chickens. Avian
Pathology. Feb 2002. v. 31 (1) p. 59-72.
ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: The effect of an in ovo infection with a Dutch
isolate of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) on the growth of specific
pathogen free (SPF) broiler chickens was analysed. During this study, possible
immune suppressive effects of ALV-J were assessed by measuring delayed-type
hypersensitivity with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH), natural killer (NK)
cell activity, the production of radicals of nitric oxide (NO) by macrophages,
humoral immune response against Newcastle and infectious bursal disease vaccine
viruses, and automated total and differential leukocyte counts. In an attempt
to elucidate the underlying causal mechanisms of the induced growth retardation,
3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in serum were measured. Four experiments
were conducted. In experiment 1, ALV-J-injected birds were compared with ALV
subgroup A (ALV-A)-injected and negative control chickens. In experiment 2,
ALV-J-injected birds were only compared with negative controls. Finally, in
experiments 3a and 3b, ALV-J-injected chickens were compared with negative controls
and a group of chickens in which only 10% of birds had been injected with ALV-J.
Birds were injected in ovo at day 7 of incubation with 10(4) median tissue culture
infectious dose (TCID50) ALV-J or ALV-A, except in experiment 3a where 10(2)
TCID50 ALV-J was injected. Significant growth suppression was found in all 100%
of ALV-J-infected groups. The average growth retardation of ALV-J-infected birds
compared with negative controls at 6 weeks of age was approximately 8, 11, 2.5
and 6% for the four successive experiments performed. The delayed-type hypersensitivity
test against KLH of ALV-J-infected birds showed a tendency towards lower wattle
thickness; however, the difference with controls was not significant (P >
0.05). The same was true for NK cell activity and NO production by macrophages,
although the difference was not significant. The total and differential leukocyte
counts performed on blood samples from birds at 3, 4 and 6 weeks of age as well
as the humoral immune response against Newcastle and infectious bursal
disease vaccine viruses did not show significant differences between treatment
groups either. Only the number of basophils were significantly higher (P = 0.02)
in ALV-J-infected birds at 3 weeks of age. No significant lower T3 levels were
found in ALV-J-infected birds in weeks 2 and 3 (experiment 2) and weeks 3 and
5 (experiment 3b); however, at 4 weeks (experiment 2) and 6 weeks (experiment
3b) of age, T3 levels were significantly lower suggesting mild hypothyroidism
in these broilers. In conclusion, the present experiments show the occurrence
of significant growth retardation in SPF broilers after an ALV-J in ovo infection.
The various studies performed to assess the immune competence of ALV-J-infected
chickens did not show significant differences in immune responsiveness. The
assays on cellular immunity showed a tendency to a lower response in ALV-J-infected
birds, but these differences were not statistically significant.
Descriptors: broilers, avian leucosis, avian oncovirus, infections
effects on growth, performance, immune
system response, hypersensitivity, natural killer cells, nitric oxide, free
radicals, vaccines, macrophages,
humoral immunity Newcastle disease virus, infectious
bursal disease virus, blood chemistry, leukocyte count, triiodothyronine.
Lin,
H.; Wang, L.F.; Song, J.L.; Xie, Y.M.; Yang, Q.M. Effect of dietary supplemental levels of vitamin A on the egg production
and immune responses of heat-stressed laying hens. Poultry Science. Apr 2002. v. 81 (4) p. 458-465. ISSN: 0032-5791
NAL
call no: 47.8 Am33P
Abstract: Two experiments were conducted
to evaluate the effect of vitamin A supplementation of a commercial layer diet
on the laying performance and immune function of heat-stressed hens. In Experiment
1, two different levels of vitamin A supplementation (3,000 and 9,000 IU/kg)
were used to investigate the laying performance and antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of
heat-stressed hens. Results showed that the high level of vitamin A supplementation
(9,000 IU/kg) had a beneficial effect on the feed intake and laying rate of
heat-stressed hens (P < 0.05), compared with the control group (3,000 IU/kg).
The antibody titers were not influenced by the level of vitamin A (P > 0.05).
In Experiment 2, the effect of four levels of vitamin A (3,000, 6,000, 9,000,
and 12,000 IU/kg) on the antibody titer to NDV and T lymphocyte proportion was
studied. The experimental birds were exposed to a high temperature (31.5 C)
15 d after NDV vaccination (Treatment 1) or immediately (Treatment 2). The results
showed that the egg weight was increased (P < 0.01) by the high levels of
vitamin A supplementation (6,000 and 9,000 IU/kg), but feed intake, laying rate,
and body weight loss were not (P > 0.05). In Treatment 1, vitamin A had no
significant effect on antibody titers against NDV in normal or hot environments
but increased (P < 0.01) the proportion of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase
(ANAE)-positive cells. Vitamin A supplementation had a significant effect on
NDV antibody titer and ANAE-positive cell proportion in Treatment 2 (P <
0.01). The results of the present study suggested that vitamin A supplementation
in commercial layer diets to layer chickens under heat stress was beneficial
to laying performance and immune function.
Descriptors: hens, heat stress, antibody titers, vitamin
supplements, antibody formation, feed-intake, laying performance, egg weight
and mass, feed conversion, T lymphocytes.
Mase,
M.; Imai, K.; Sanada, Y.; Sanada, N.; Yuasa, N.; Imada, T.; Tsukamoto, K.; Yamaguchi,
S. Phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle
disease virus genotypes isolated in Japan. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Oct 2002. v. 40 (10) p. 3826-3830. ISSN: 0095-1137
NAL
call no: QR46.J6
Descriptors: nucleotide sequences,
genes, viral proteins, phylogenetics, fusion protein, molecular sequence data.
Peroulis-Kourtis,
I.; O'Riley, K.; Grix, D.; Condron, R.J.; Ainsworth, C. Molecular characterisation of Victorian Newcastle disease virus isolates
from 1976 to 1999. Australian Veterinary
Journal. July 2002. v. 80 (7) p. 422-424. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL
call no: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus,
nucleotide sequences, amino acid sequences, genes, genetic diversity, signal
peptide,Victoria, Australia isolate, F gene, HN gene.
Ramanujam,
P.; Tan, W.S.; Nathan, S.; Yusoff, K. Novel
peptides that inhibit the propagation of Newcastle disease virus. Archives
of Virology. 2002.
v. 147 (5) p. 981-993. ISSN: 0304-8608
NAL
call no: 448.3 Ar23
Descriptors: bacteriophages, amino
acid sequences, binding proteins, envelope glycoproteins.
Saif,
Y.M.; Nestor, K.E. Increased mortality
in turkeys selected for increased body weight following vaccination with a live
Newcastle disease virus vaccine. Avian Diseases. Apr/June 2002. v. 46 (2) p. 505-508. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Summary in Spanish.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Candidate male and female breeders from nine
genetic lines of turkeys that were reared intermingled, with the sexes housed
in different buildings on the same farm, were vaccinated with a live Newcastle
disease virus vaccine (B1 type, LaSota) just prior to the commencement of egg
production. In 1999, an average mortality for all lines of 5.8% occurred during
the 10 days immediately following vaccination and the level of mortality varied
among lines. Mortality was, in general, greater in large-bodied lines than in
small-bodied lines. Affected birds exhibited gross multiple areas of focal necrosis
in the liver and spleen and congestion of the heart and lungs. The percentage
mortality occurring following similar vaccination in 2000 averaged 2.6 for the
10 days following vaccination and mortality was greater (P less than or equal
to 0.05) in one line (F line) than the other genetic groups and higher in females
than in males. Mortality in the F line, selected for increased body weight and
known to be susceptible to various diseases, averaged 15.1% for both years.
Attempts failed in both years to isolate Pasteurella multocida or other bacteria.
There was a positive correlation between increased body weight and increased
mortality following vaccination with the live LaSota vaccine.
Descriptors: turkeys, liveweight, vaccination, live vaccines,
Newcastle disease virus, mortality,
genotypes, oviposition, necrosis, spleen, symptoms, histopathology, clinical
aspects, heart, lungs.
Santin,
E.; Paulillo, A.C.; Maiorka, P.C.; Alessi, A.C.; Krabbe, E.L.; Maiorka, A. The effects
of ochratoxin/aluminosilicate interaction on the tissues and humoral immune
response of broilers. Avian Pathology. Feb 2002. v. 31 (1) p. 73-79. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary
ochratoxin, in the presence or absence of aluminosilicate, on the histology
of the bursa of Fabricius, liver and kidneys, and on the humoral immune response
of broilers vaccinated against Newcastle disease virus. The exposure
of birds to 2 p.p.m. ochratoxin, in the presence or absence of aluminosilicate,
reduced their humoral immune response and the number of mitotic cells in the
bursa. The relative weight of the livers of the birds exposed to this toxin
was increased and, microscopically, there was hepatocyte vacuolation and megalocytosis
with accompanying hyperplasia of the biliary epithelium. The kidneys showed
hypertrophy of the renal proximal tubular epithelium, with thickening of the
glomerular basement membrane. Aluminosilicate did not ameliorate the deleterious
effects of the ochratoxin.
Descriptors: broilers, ochratoxins,
silicates, interactions, humoral immunity, immune response, histology, bursa Fabricii, liver, kidneys, Newcastle
disease virus, vaccination, mitosis, weight, vacuoles.
Shengqing,
Y.; Kishida, N.; Ito, H.; Kida, H.; Otsuki, K.; Kawaoka, Y.; Ito, T. Generation of velogenic Newcastle disease
viruses from a nonpathogenic waterfowl isolate by passaging in chickens.
Virology. Sept
30, 2002.
v. 301 (2) p. 206-211. ISSN: 0042-6822
NAL
call no: 448.8 V81
Descriptors: velogenic Newcastle disease virus, virulence,
passaging virus through chickens.
Turpin,
E.A.; Perkins, L.E.L.; Swayne, D.E. Experimental infection of turkeys with avian
pneumovirus and either Newcastle disease virus or Escherichia coli. Avian Diseases. Apr/June 2002. v. 46 (2) p. 412-422. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Summary in Spanish
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Avian pneumoviruses (APVs) are RNA viruses responsible
for upper respiratory disease in poultry. Experimental infections are typically
less severe than those observed in field cases. Previous studies with APV and
Escherichia coli suggest this discrepancy is due to secondary agents. Field
observations indicate APV infections are more severe with concurrent infection
by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). In
the current study, we examined the role of lentogenic NDV in the APV disease
process. Two-week-old commercial turkey poults were infected with the Colorado strain of APV. Three days
later, these poults received an additional inoculation of either NDV or E. coli.
Dual infection of APV with either NDV or E. coli resulted in increased morbidity
rates, with poults receiving APV/NDV having the highest morbidity rates and
displaying lesions of swollen infraorbital sinuses. These lesions were not present
in the single APV, NDV, or E. coli groups. These results demonstrate that coinfection
with APV and NDV can result in clinical signs and lesions similar to those in
field outbreaks of APV.
Descriptors: turkeys, Escherichia coli, Paramyxoviridae,
Newcastle disease virus, mixed infections,
field experimentation, morbidity, outbreaks, symptoms.
Waihenya,
R.K.; Mtambo, M.M.A.; Nkwengulila, G. Evaluation of the efficacy of the crude extract
of Aloe secundiflora in chickens experimentally infected with Newcastle disease virus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology.
Mar 2002. v. 79 (3) p. 299-304. ISSN: 0378-8741
NAL
call no: RS160.J6
Descriptors: medicinal plants, veterinary products, experimental
infections.
Wilks,
C.R. Molecular diagnosis of Newcastle disease. Australian Veterinary Journal. June 2002. v. 80 (6) p. 352. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL
call no: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: Newcastle disease, Newcastle disease virus, diagnosis,
outbreaks, clinical aspects, vaccination, Victoria.
Wunderwald,
C.; Hoop,R.K. Serological monitoring
of 40 Swiss fancy breed poultry flocks. Avian
Pathology. Apr 2002. v. 31 (2) p. 157-162. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: Rapid serum agglutination, haemagglutination
inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to screen Swiss
fancy breed chicken flocks for antibodies against 12 avian infectious agents.
For this purpose, 1002 blood samples from 40 flocks were collected and tested.
Ten percent of the samples were positive for Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum and 62.5% of the flocks were affected. More than 75% of the flocks had antibodies
against Mycoplasma gallisepticum/Mycoplasma synoviae, infectious bronchitis,
infectious bursal disease, avian encephalomyelitis, infectious chicken anaemia
and reoviral arthritis. Low prevalence of antibodies was recorded for Salmonella
enteritidis, avian influenza, avian leukosis and Newcastle disease (2.0 to 4.0%).
Descriptors: chickens, serological
surveys, disease monitoring, hemagglutination inhibition test, ELISA, poultry
disease prevalence, incidence.
Yu,
M.; Wang, E.; Liu, Y.; Cao, D.; Jin, N.; Zhang, C.W.H.; Bartlam, M.; Rao, Z.;
Tien, P.; Gao, G.F. Six-helix bundle assembly and characterization of heptad repeat regions
from the F protein of Newcastle disease virus. The Journal
of General Virology. Mar 2002. v. 83 (pt.3) p. 623-629. ISSN: 0022-1317
NAL
call no: QR360.A1J6
Abstract: Paramyxoviruses may adopt a similar fusion
mechanism to other enveloped viruses, in which an antiparallel six-helix bundle
structure is formed post-fusion in the heptad repeat (HR) regions of the envelope
fusion protein. In order to understand the fusion mechanism and identify fusion
inhibitors of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a
member of the Paramyxoviridae family, we have developed an E. coli system that
separately expresses the F protein HR1 and HR2 regions as GST fusion proteins.
The purified cleaved HR1 and HR2 have subsequently been assembled into a stable
six-helix bundle heterotrimer complex. Furthermore, both the GST fusion protein
and the cleaved HR2 show virus-cell fusion inhibition activity (IC50 of 1.07-2.93
micromolar). The solubility of the GST-HR2 fusion protein is much higher than
that of the corresponding peptide. Hence this provides a plausible method for
large-scale production of HR peptides as virus fusion inhibitors.
Descriptors: viral proteins, GST-HR2
fusion protein, F protein, NDV, virus fusion inhibitors.
Yunis,
R.; Ben-David, A.; Heller, E.D.; Cahaner, A. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between antibody responses to Escherichia
coli, infectious bursa disease virus (IBDV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV),
in broiler lines selected on antibody response to Escherichia coli.
Poultry Science. Mar 2002. v. 81 (3) p. 302-308. ISSN: 0032-5791
NAL
call no: 47.8 Am33P
Abstract: The genetic control of antibody (Ab) response
to Escherichia coli (EC), infectious bursa disease virus, and Newcastle disease virus and the
genetic and phenotypic correlation between these Ab responses, were evaluated
under farm conditions in which chicks were simultaneously exposed to these antigens.
The experimental population comprised five groups: two lines divergently selected
for high (HH) or low (LL) Ab response to EC vaccination; a commercial broiler
dam-line (CC), from which HH and LL had been derived; and the HH x CC and LL
x CC hybrid groups (HC and LC, respectively). Lines LL and HH expressed similar
symmetric divergence to all three antigens. The ranking of the LL, LC, CC, HC,
and HH genetic groups according to their mean Ab responses and their very high
linear correlation with the LL vs. HH genomic scale clearly indicate the additive
nature of the genetic divergence between these lines. Several estimates of correlation
were calculated between Ab responses of each pair of antigens and between BW
and Ab to each antigen. The high correlation between group means, the near-zero
within-group correlation, and the low phenotypic correlation indicate the strongly
positive genetic correlation between Ab responses and no correlation with BW.
The results of this study suggest that overall immunocompetence of commercial
broilers can be improved by selection for high Ab response of young chicks to
controlled immunization with a single antigen, without counteracting further
selection for high BW.
Descriptors: broilers, genetic variation,
genetic correlation, phenotypic correlation, antibody formation, Escherichia
coli, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus, line differences,
crossbred progeny, selection criteria, genetic resistance, disease resistance.
Return to: Main Contents
| Bibliography
Contents
2001
Alders,
R.G. (Robyn G.); Spradbrow, P. B. Controlling
Newcastle disease in village chickens: A field manual. ACIAR monograph series; no. 82. Canberra: Australian Centre for
International Agricultural Research, 2001. 112 p.: ill. ISBN: 1863203079
NAL
call no: SF995.6.N4 A37 2001
Descriptors: Newcastle disease, control, developing
countries, handbooks, manuals, chickens, vaccine.
Aldous,
E.W.; Collins, M.S.; McGoldrick, A.; Alexander, D.J. Rapid
pathotyping of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) using fluorogenic probes in a PCR assay.
Veterinary Microbiology. June 6, 2001. v. 80 (3) p. 201-212.
ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL
call no: SF601.V44
Abstract: Hybridisation of PCR fragments with fluorogenic
probes specific for pathotype allowed an estimation of pathogenicity of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates
using a modified TaqMan procedure. Six probes were used, designed to recognise
nucleotide sequences in the fusion protein gene sequence corresponding to the
precursor protein F0 cleavage site of both virulent and avirulent viruses. Forty-three
of the 45 isolates tested, including 18 examined in a blind study were pathotyped
successfully and rapidly, with close correlation between cleavage site nucleotide
sequences, TaqMan results and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) values.
One isolate, which could not be pathotyped by nucleotide sequencing, was shown
using the TaqMan system to be a mixture of virulent and avirulent NDV. The results
of this study suggest that using this modified TaqMan protocol, the likely virulence
of most ND isolates can be determined rapidly and reproducibly.
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, pathotypes,
polymerase chain reaction, pathogenicity, estimation, nucleotide sequences,
precursors, molecular sequence data.
Aldous,
E.W.; Alexander, D.J. Detection and differentiation
of Newcastle disease virus (avian paramyxovirus type 1). Avian Pathology. Apr 2001.
v. 30 (2) p. 117-128. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: Substantial variation in the virulence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates
means that the detection of NDV or evidence of infection is insufficient for
an adequate diagnosis, as control measures for avirulent viruses are very different
to those for virulent viruses. Diagnosis therefore requires further characterization,
at least as to whether an isolate is virulent or avirulent. Conventional detection
and differentiation of ND viruses is perceived as slow, laborious and requiring
an undesirable use of in vivo techniques. In addition, further characterization
is needed to give greater information on origin and spread. This review concentrates
on the application of monoclonal antibody and molecular biological approaches.
Panels of monoclonal antibodies were a major advance for the characterization
of NDV isolates, although confirmation of virulence for poultry still required
in vivo testing. As molecular-based techniques become easier and more reliable,
they are likely to supersede the use of monoclonal antibodies, especially for
characterizing viruses for epidemiological purposes. The attraction of molecular-based
techniques is that they may be able to cover all three aspects of Newcastle disease diagnosis (detection
of virus, characterization, including inference of virulence, and epidemiology)
quickly, accurately and definitively in a single test. A number of approaches
based on the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction have been developed,
with subsequent analysis of the product by restriction enzyme analysis, probe
hybridization and nucleotide sequencing. Although extensive variation among
NDVs still poses technical problems, the real and potential advantages of a
molecular biological approach to Newcastle disease diagnosis appear
to be overwhelming.
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, etiology,
epidemiology, clinical aspects, diagnosis, pathogenicity, diagnostic techniques.
Alexander,
D.J. Newcastle disease. British Poultry Science. Mar 2001.
v. 42 (1) p. 5-22. ISSN: 0007-1668 Note: Paper presented at a meeting of the UK Branch
of the World's Poultry Science Association held March 2000, Scarborough.
NAL
call no: 47.8 B77
Abstract: 1. In this paper several historical and contemporary
aspects of Newcastle disease (ND) are reviewed,
with particular reference to the greater understanding which modern techniques
have allowed. 2. Virulent ND viruses were generally thought to have emerged
in 1926 as a result of transfer from a wild bird host reservoir but there is
evidence that the virulent virus may have existed in poultry before 1926. Recent
findings suggest that the virulent virus may emerge in poultry as a result of
mutations in viruses of low virulence. 3. The history of ND in Great Britain reflects the four known
panzootics that have occurred and serves as a model for the impact this disease
may have on poultry populations. 4. Attempts to control and eradicate ND are
not as straightforward as it may appear; in particular vaccination, while preventing
deaths and disease, on challenge may not prevent virus replication and could
therefore lead to the virulent virus becoming endemic. 5. Village chickens are
extremely important assets in most developing countries, representing a significant
source of protein in the form of eggs and meat but endemic ND can cause mortality
of up to 60% in village chickens.
Descriptors: poultry, Newcastle disease,
Newcastle disease virus, wild birds as reservoir hosts, disease transmission,
virulence, mutations, epidemics, disease control, vaccination, viral replication,
mortality, symptoms, literature reviews.
Bacon,
L.D.; Witter, R.L.; Silva, R.F. Characterization
and experimental reproduction of peripheral neuropathy in White Leghorn chickens. Avian Pathology. Oct 2001.
v. 30 (5) p. 487-489. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: A clinical neurological syndrome termed peripheral
neuropathy (PN) that resembles Marek's disease (MD) occurred at low frequency
in a commercial layer strain for several years. Study of chickens from six field
cases showed that the PN syndrome could be distinguished pathologically from
MD on the basis of several factors, including onset as early as 6 weeks, presence
of B-type but not A-type lesions in peripheral nerves, and absence of visceral
lymphomas. Serotype 1 MD virus could not be isolated from blood from any chicken
or demonstrated in tissues by histochemistry or polymerase chain reaction assays.
Moreover, the syndrome was not prevented by MD vaccination, either in the field
or in laboratory trials. PN was induced in 3 to 54% of commercial line chickens
inoculated at 1 or 6 days of age with whole blood or buffy coat cells from clinically
affected donor chickens. Sonicated cells also induced PN, but plasma was ineffective.
Chickens did not develop PN if reared in isolators without cellular transfer
or when vaccinated solely against MD. However, PN was observed in 9% of 57 B*2/*19
commercial chickens reared in isolators following vaccination against MD, infectious
bursal disease, Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis, suggesting that
common vaccines may predispose chickens to PN. The data confirmed a strong influence
of the major histocompatibility complex (B-complex) on both naturally occurring
and experimentally induced PN with the B*19 haplotype conferring susceptibility
compared with other alleles. It is postulated that PN may represent an autoimmune
reaction to nerve tissue that may result from response to a combination of common
vaccines. These studies confirmed that PN is distinct from MD, provided criteria
for its differential diagnosis, identified strategies for its control, and established
a model for its experimental induction.
Descriptors: chickens nervous system diseases, pathogenesis,
etiology, peripheral nerves, experimental infection, major histocompatibility
complex, differential diagnosis, disease control.
Berinstein,
A.; Sellers, H.S.; King, D.J.; Seal, B.S. Use
of a heteroduplex mobility assay to detect differences in the fusion protein
cleavage site coding sequence among Newcastle Disease Virus isolates. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Sept 2001. v. 39 (9) p. 3171-3178. ISSN: 0095-1137
NAL
call no: QR46.J6
Descriptors: nucleotide sequences,
viral genes, phylogenetics, amino acid sequences.
Cattoli,
G.; Manvell, R.J.; Tisato, E.; Banks, J.; Capua, I. Characterization
of Newcastle disease viruses isolated in Italy in 2000. Avian Pathology. Oct 2001.
v. 30 (5) p. 465-469. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: Thirty-two Newcastle disease virus isolates
from the 2000 Italian epidemic were characterized by monoclonal antibody binding
pattern and nucleotide sequencing of approximately 400 base pairs of the fusion
gene. In addition, the pathogenicity of six of these isolates was assessed by
means of the intracerebral pathogenicity test (ICPI). The strains tested exhibited
an ICPI ranging from 1.6 to 2.0. On the basis of the monoclonal antibody binding
pattern, all isolates could be classified as belonging to group C1. Both monoclonal
antibody and genomic analysis revealed a very high degree of homology, indicating
a common source of infection. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, it
appears that the Italian isolates are closely related to the recent isolates
from the UK, Scandinavia and South East Europe,
thus suggesting the circulation of this viral strain in Europe during the past 5 years.
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, characterization,
monoclonal antibodies, nucleotide sequences, pathogenicity, phylogenetics.
Cavanagh,
D. Innovation
and discovery: the application of nucleic acid-based technology to avian virus
detection and characterization. Avian Pathology. Dec 2001.
v. 30 (6) p. 581-598. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based approaches
to the detection, differentiation and characterization of avian pathogens continue
to be developed and refined. The PCRs, or reverse transcriptase-PCRs, may be
general, designed to detect all or most variants of a pathogen, or to be serotype,
genotype or pathotype specific. Progress is being made with respect to making
nucleic acid approaches more suitable for use in diagnostic laboratories. Robotic
workstations are now available for extraction of nucleic acid from many samples
in a short time, for routine diagnosis. Following general PCR, the DNA products
are commonly analyzed by restriction endonuclease mapping (restriction fragment
length polymorphism), using a small number of restriction endonucleases, based
on a large body of sequence data. Increasingly, however, nucleotide sequencing
is being used to analyze the DNA product, in part due to the expanding use of
non-radioactive sequencing methods that are safe and enable high throughout.
In this review, I highlight some recent developments with many avian viruses:
Newcastle disease virus; circoviruses in canary and pigeon; infectious bursar
disease virus (Gumboro disease virus); avian adenoviruses, including Angara
disease/infectious hydropericardium virus, haemorrhagic enteritis virus of turkeys,
and egg drop syndrome virus; avian herpesviruses, including infectious laryngotracheitis
virus, duck plague virus, psittacine herpesvirus (Pacheco's parrot disease virus),
Marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys; avian leukosis virus (associated
with lymphoid leukosis or myeloid leukosis, and egg transmission); avian pneumoviruses
(turkey rhinotracheitis virus); avian coronaviruses, including infectious bronchitis
virus, turkey coronavirus and pheasant coronavirus; astrovirus, in the context
of poult enteritis and mortality syndrome, and avian nephritis virus; and avian
encephalomyelitis virus, a picornavirus related to hepatitis A virus.
Descriptors: animal viruses, polymerase
chain reaction, nucleic acids, detection, characterization, poultry diseases,
restriction endonuclease analysis, literature reviews.
Chang,
P.C.; Hsieh, M.L.; Shien, J.H.; Graham, D.A.; Lee, M.S.; Shieh, H.K. Complete nucleotide sequence of avian paramyxovirus
type 6 isolated from ducks. The Journal
of General Virology. Sept 2001. v. 82 (pt.9) p. 2157-2168. ISSN: 0022-1317
NAL
call no: QR360.A1J6
Abstract: There are nine serotypes of avian paramyxovirus
(APMV). Only the genome of APMV type 1 (APMV-1), also called Newcastle disease virus (NDV), has
been completely sequenced. In this study, the complete nucleotide sequence of
an APMV-6 serotype isolated from ducks is reported. The 16236 nt genome encodes
eight proteins, nucleocapsid protein (NP), phosphoprotein (P), V protein, matrix
protein (M), fusion protein (F), small hydrophobic (SH) protein, haemagglutinin-neuraminidase
(HN) protein and large (L) protein, which are flanked by a 55 nt leader sequence
and a 54 nt trailer sequence. Sequence comparison reveals that the protein sequences
of APMV-6 are most closely related to those of APMV-1 (NDV) and -2, with sequence
identities ranging from 22 to 44%. However, APMV-6 contains a gene that might
encode the SH protein, which is absent in APMV-1, but present in the rubulaviruses
simian virus type 5 and mumps virus. The presence of an SH gene in APMV-6 might
provide a link between the evolution of APMV and rubulaviruses. Phylogenetic
analysis demonstrates that APMV-6, -1, -2 (only the F and HN sequences were
available for analysis) and -4 (only the HN sequences were available for analysis)
all cluster into a single lineage that is distinct from other paramyxoviruses.
This result suggests that APMV should constitute a new genus within the subfamily
Paramyxovirinae.
Descriptors: nucleotide sequences, genomes, APMV-6 serotype
from ducks, viral proteins, nucleotide sequence data, viral evolution, new genus,
Paramyxovirinae.
Chen,
L.; Colman, P.M.; Cosgrove, L.J.; Lawrence, M.C.; Lawrence, L.J.; Tulloch, P.A.;
Gorman, J.J. Cloning, expression, and
crystallization of the fusion protein of Newcastle disease virus. Virology. Nov
25, 2001.
v. 290 (2) p. 290-299. ISSN: 0042-6822
NAL
call no: 448.8 V81
Descriptors: chemical structure, fusion
protein, cloning, crystallization of fusion viral protein.
Clavijo,
A.; Robinson, Y.; Lopez, J. Isolation of Newcastle disease virus and Salmonella typhimurium from the brain of
double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). Avian Diseases.
Jan/Mar 2001. v. 45 (1) p. 245-250. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Summary in Spanish.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (Newcastle disease virus) and Salmonella
typhimurium were isolated from the brain and lung tissues of double-crested
cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) from Lac Canard, Alberta, Canada. More than 100 birds died
during this outbreak in 1999. Affected birds presented signs of central nervous
system disease characterized by unilateral wing and leg paralysis. Other geographic
locations in the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan have reported cases of
cormorants suffering from diseases with signs compatible with Newcastle disease. The virus isolated
in the 1999 outbreak was characterized as mesogenic. These findings suggest
that other pathogens, like S. typhimurium, may influence the clinical presentation
of disease caused by mesogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus in cormorants.
Descriptors: Phalacrocorax, Newcastle disease virus, Salmonella
typhimurium, cormorants, brain tissue, pathogen isolation, lungs, symptoms,
clinical aspects, lesions, outbreaks, case reports, Alberta, Canada.
Coletti,
M.; Del Rossi, E.; Franciosini, M.P.; Passamonti, F.; Tacconi, G.; Marini, C.
Efficacy and safety of an infectious
bursal disease virus intermediate vaccine in ovo. Avian
Diseases. Oct/Dec 2001. v. 45 (4) p. 1036-1043. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note:
Summary in Spanish.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: The study was divided into two experiments.
In the first experiment, the efficacy of in ovo intermediate vaccine against
infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was determined by challenge at 21 days
of age with virulent IBDV in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) and commercial chickens.
This vaccine was able to induce active immunity and to protect SPF chickens
to challenge; protection was not complete in commercial chickens, as testified
by bursal lesions, bursal index after challenge, and vaccine immunoresponse.
In order to detect field and vaccinal viruses, immunoperoxidase staining, enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay, capture, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
(RT-PCR) were tested; the RT-PCR was more effective at detecting both kind of
viruses. In the second experiment, the immunosuppressive effect of in ovo vaccination
was determined by evaluating the immunoresponse against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccination
effected at 10 days in both SPF and commercial chickens vaccinated in ovo. The
in ovo vaccine causes a reduction of NDV immunoresponse, as testified by lowest
geometric mean titer in group I (SPF chickens vaccinated against IBDV in ovo
and against NDV at 11 days). In commercial chickens, immunoresponse to NDV vaccination
was not influenced by in ovo vaccination.
Descriptors: chick embryos, infectious
bursal disease virus, inactivated vaccines, safety and efficacy, disease prevention,
maternal antibodies, egg hatchability, survival, immunosuppression.
El
Tayeb, A.B.; Hanson, R.P. The interaction between Newcastle disease virus and Escherichia coli endotoxin in chickens. Avian Diseases. Apr/June 2001. v. 45 (2) p. 313-320. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: The interaction between Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and
Escherichia coli endotoxin was studied in cell cultures, embryonated chicken
eggs, and 8-wk-old chickens. These interactions were evaluated according to
the induction of specific or nonspecific resistance in the host system and the
virus titer produced in both chicken embryos and chickens. The endotoxin of
E. coli induced a decrease in the size of the bursa of Fabricius in live chickens.
Escherichia coli endotoxin given intravenously induced plasma antiviral activity
in chickens that was interpreted to be interferon, as detected in a vesicular
stomatitis virus plaque reduction assay. Endotoxin failed to produced toxic
effects in the chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) or to result in any antiviral
effect because no change was noted in the number of NDV plaques formed in CEF
cultures. When endotoxin was given 3 days before NDV exposure in chickens, the
virus titers were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased from a peak of 10(2)
to 10(0.18), 10(2.5) to 10(0.18), and 10(2.5) to 0 in the spleens, lungs, and
kidneys, respectively, at 72 hr post-NDV inoculation. When endotoxin was given
24 hr after NDV inoculation, the NDV titer significantly (P < 0.05) increased
from 10(2.0) to 10(3.5), 10(2.5) to 10(6.5), 10(2.5) to 10(4.5), 0 to 10(2.5)
in the spleen, lungs, kidneys, and liver, respectively, at 72 hr after NDV inoculation.
In chicken sera, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer to NDV was significantly
(P < 0.05) enhanced from 1164 to 3127 when endotoxin was given prior to virus
inoculation. However, there was a decrease in HI to NDV from 1164 to 727 without
a significant difference in chicken sera when NDV was given prior to endotoxin
inoculation.
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease virus, endotoxins,
interactions, Escherichia coli, chick embryos, cell culture studies, bursa Fabricii,
spleen, lungs, kidneys, liver.
Farley,
J.M.; Romero, C.H.; Spalding, M.G.; Avery, M.L.; Forrester, D.J. Newcastle disease virus in double-crested cormorants in Alabama, Florida, and Mississippi. Journal
of Wildlife Diseases. Oct 2001. v. 37 (4) p. 808-812. ISSN: 0090-3558
NAL
call no: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: Phalacrocorax auritus, cormorants, serological
surveys, disease transmission, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, wild birds as a disease
reservoir.
Fukanoki,
S.; Iwakura, T.; Iwaki, S.; Matsumoto, K.; Takeda,
R.; Ikeda, K.; Shi, Z.; Mori, H. Safety and efficacy of
water-in-oil-in-water emulsion vaccines containing Newcastle disease virus haemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein. Avian Pathology.
Oct 2001. v. 30 (5) p. 509-516. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: Subunit vaccines containing haemagglutinin-neuraminidase
(HN) glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), formulated
as water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions, were prepared. First, the suitable
constituents of a W/O/W emulsion adjuvant were investigated with polyvalent
vaccines using NDV, infectious bronchitis virus and Haemophilus paragallinarum.
The W/O/W emulsion adjuvant, composed of the antigen in phosphate-buffered saline
(PBS), liquid paraffin, squalene, diglyceryl monooleate, polysorbate 80 and
PBS in a 30:25:10:5:2:28 ratio, induced a good
antibody response with less adverse local reactions. HN protein of NDV was expressed
by an improved baculovirus expression vector, a hybrid nucleopolyhedrovirus
(HyNPV) between Autographa californica NPV and Bombyx mori NPV, and was prepared
from silkworm pupae infected with the recombinant baculovirus, HyNPV-HN. Then,
the W/O/W emulsion vaccine containing HN protein was prepared using the aforementioned
constituents. Chickens showed 100, 100 and 80% protection against challenge
exposure to virulent NDV at 4 weeks after vaccination with W/O/W emulsion vaccines
containing 30, 6 and 3% of HyHPV-HN-infected pupae, respectively. The vaccines
containing HN protein did not induce adverse local reactions at the site of
injection. The subunit vaccine for NDV containing HN protein expressed in the
recombinant baculovirus-infected pupae, formulated as a W/O/W emulsion vaccine
composed of the antigen in PBS, liquid paraffin, squalene, diglyceryl monooleate,
polysorbate 80 and PBS in a 30:25:10:5:2:28 ratio, was therefore found to be safe and
effective.
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, vaccines,
vaccination, chickens, safety, efficacy, disease prevention, emulsions, glycoproteins,
adjuvants, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein.
Herczeg,
J.; Pascucci, S.; Massi, P.; Luini, M.; Selli, L.; Capua, I.; Lomniczi, B. A longitudinal study of velogenic Newcastle disease virus genotypes isolated in Italy between 1960 and 2000. Avian Pathology. Apr 2001.
v. 30 (2) p. 163-168. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: Thirty-six representative velogenic strains
of Newcastle disease virus isolated
in Italy since 1960 were characterized
by restriction site and partial sequence analyses of the fusion protein gene.
Viruses belonging to the six known genotypes of Lomniczi et al. were found.
Genotype IV, which was most probably the main epizootic group in Europe before the war, was responsible
for outbreaks in the 1960s and persisted until the late 1980s in Italy. An epizootic peak in
1972 to 1974 coincided with the appearance of genotype V viruses that were present
for more than a decade. Outbreaks in 1992 were caused by genotype VIIa viruses
and were part of a contemporaneous epizootic of Far East origin that affected Western
European countries. The Newcastle disease epizootic that
commenced in Italy in May 2000 was due to
a genotype VIIb virus that is indistinguishable from those causing sporadic
outbreaks in Great Britain and Northern Europe in the late 1990s. Isolated
cases yielded a variant of genotype VI (reference epizootic: Middle East in the late 1960s) and
a group VIII virus (enzootic in South Africa).
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, genotypes,
nucleotide sequences, strain differences, longitudinal studies, outbreaks, Italy.
Herrera,
I.; Khan, M.S.R.; Kaleta, E.F.; Muller, H.; Dolz, G.; Neumann, U. Serological status for Chlamydophila psittaci, Newcastle disease virus, avian polyoma virus, and Pacheco disease virus in scarlet
macaws (Ara macao) kept in captivity in Costa Rica. Journal
of Veterinary Medicine. Series B.
Dec 2001. v. 48 (10) p. 721-726. ISSN: 0931-1793
NAL
call no: 41.8 Z52
Descriptors: Psittaciformes, viral
diseases, Newcastle disease virus, bacterial
diseases, infections, serology, aviary birds, captive animals, ELISA, antibodies,
disease transmission, Costa Rica.
Huang,
Z.; Krishnamurthy, S.; Panda, A.; Samal, S.K. High-level
expression of a foreign gene from the most 3'-proximal locus of a recombinant
Newcastle disease virus. The Journal of General Virology. July 2001. v. 82 (pt. 7) p. 1729-1736. ISSN: 0022-1317
NAL
Call no: QR360.A1J6
Abstract: A previous report showed that insertion of a
foreign gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) between the HN
and L genes of the full-length cDNA of a virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) yielded
virus with growth retardation and attenuation. The NDV vector used in that study
was pathogenic to chickens; it is therefore not suitable for use as a vaccine
vector. In the present study, an avirulent NDV vector was generated and its
potential to express CAT protein was evaluated. The CAT gene was under the control
of NDV transcriptional start and stop signals and was inserted immediately before
the open reading frame of the viral 3'-proximal nucleocapsid protein gene. A
recombinant NDV expressing CAT activity at a high level was recovered. The replication
and pathogenesis of the CAT-expressing recombinant NDV were not modified significantly.
These results indicate the potential utility of an avirulent NDV as a vaccine
vector.
Descriptors: live vaccines, avirulant NDV vector, CAT expressing
recombinant NDV, CAT protein, gene expression, pathogenicity, chicks, replication,
pthogenesis.
Iwamura,
T.; Yoneyama, M.; Koizumi, N.; Okabe, Y.; Namiki, H.; Samuel, C.E.; Fujita,
T. PACT, a double-stranded RNA binding protein
acts as a positive regulator for Type I interferon gene induced by Newcastle
disease virus. Biochemical and Biophysical
Research Communications. Mar
30, 2001.
v. 282 (2) p. 515-523. ISSN: 0006-291X
NAL
call no: 442.8 B5236
Descriptors: virus induced immunity,
interferon gene regulation, viral RNA.
Kalorey,
D.R.; Kurkure, N.V.; Sakhare, P.S.; Warke, S.; Ali, M. Effect
of growell on performance, organ weight and serum trace element profile of broilers.
Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. May 2001. v. 14 (5) p. 677-679. ISSN: 1011-2367
NAL
call no: SF55.A78A7
Descriptors: broilers performance, feed supplements, weight,
blood chemistry, trace elements, mineral nutrition, humoral immunity, organs,
growth promoters, iron, vaccination, Newcastle disease virus, liveweight, feed
conversion efficiency, kidneys, thymus gland, zinc, muscles, copper, manganese,
liveweight gain.
Kidd,
M.T.; Peebles, E.D.; Whitmarsh, S.K.; Yeatman, J.B.; Wideman, R.F. Jr. Growth
and immunity of broiler chicks as affected by dietary arginine. Poultry Science. Nov 2001. v. 80 (11) p. 1535-1542. ISSN: 0032-5791
NAL
call no: 47.8 Am33P
Abstract: A dietary deficiency of Arg may suppress chick
immune system functions; however, research evaluating immune function responsiveness
of commercial broilers fed dietary Arg levels near NRC (1994) recommendations
is sparse. Therefore, three experiments were conducted to evaluate growth and
immunity of broilers fed varying Arg levels near NRC (1994) specifications.
Because Arg and Lys are similar in structure and are known
to compete in intestinal absorption, dietary Lys treatments [near NRC (1994)
recommendations] were evaluated to determine if Arg and Lys interact to affect broiler
immunity. There were four dietary treatments in Experiment 1 representing a
2 x 2 factorial design of additional Arg (120% of NRC) of additional Lys (120%
of NRC) added to a control diet containing 100% of NRC Arg and Lys (six replications
per treatment). Experiment 2 contained the following four treatments: the control
diet; the control diet plus L-Arg (0.20% Arg of diet); the control diet plus
L-Lys HCl (0.20% Lys of diet); and the control
diet plus L-Arg-L-Glu (0.10% Arg of diet). Graduations of Arg were fed from
90 to 120% of NRC in 10% increments in Experiment 3. Also, half of the birds
were exposed to vaccinations of Newcastle disease virus and infectious
bronchitis virus in Experiment 3 to derive a 2 x 4 factorial design. Experiments
1 and 2 were conducted from Days 1 to 18 and Experiment 3 was conducted from
Days 1 to 15 in Petersime battery brooders. No interactions occurred between
dietary Lys and Arg in Experiment 1. Increasing dietary
Arg, but not Lys, from 100 to 120% of the
NRC recommendation increased (P < or = 0.05) Day 18 BW gain. Treatment differences
in the cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity assay in Experiment 1 did not occur.
In Experiment 2, treatment differences in growth responses, lymphoid organ development,
and primary antibody titers to SRBC did not occur. Unvaccinated birds in Experiment
3 fed an Arg-deficient diet had lower (P < or = 0.05) feed conversion in
comparison with vaccinated birds fed an Arg-deficient diet. Vaccinated birds
had lower (P < or = 0.05) Day 15 BW than unvaccinated birds, but higher (P
< or = 0.05) titers to Newcastle disease virus. Increasing
dietary Arg in Experiment 3 increased plasma Arg (P < or = 0.05), but did
not affect plasma Lys. Although increased dietary Arg improved
BW gain in Experiment 1, minimal effects were noted in growth and immune system
parameters throughout this study. A dietary Arg level near the NRC (1994) recommendation
should support proper immune system functions in healthy chicks.
Descriptors: broiler chicks, arginine, lysine, nutrient nutrient
interactions, diets, liveweight gain, antibody formation, delayed type hypersensitivity,
feed intake and conversion, bursa Fabricii, thymus gland, spleen, weight, blood
picture, vaccination.
King,
D.J. Selection of thermostable Newcastle disease virus progeny from reference and vaccine strains. Avian Diseases.
Apr/June 2001. v. 45 (2) p. 512-516. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: In a study of low-virulence Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates
from poultry, 38% of the isolates had a more thermostable hemagglutinin than
the lentogenic reference strains B1 and La Sota or live vaccines derived from
those strains. Whether those strains with a more thermostable hemagglutinin
are truly indigenous or whether they could have originated from vaccines used
in the flocks was unknown. Seven monovalent NDV vaccines of B1 or La Sota type
and reference B1 and La Sota strains were heat treated at 56 C to select variants
more thermostable than the parent virus. Four thermal treatment cycles were
completed, and virus propagated from the second and fourth heat treatments was
assayed for changes in thermostability and antigenicity. The hemagglutinin thermostability
of all vaccine and reference strain variants increased from the initial less
than or equal to 10 min to greater than or equal to 120 min after four treatments.
Antigenic changes evaluated by hemagglutination inhibition against NDV monoclonal
antibodies identified changes in only the heat-treated La Sota strains. The
results demonstrate that the field isolates with a more thermostable hemagglutinin
could have been derived by selection from the heterogenous NDV populations in
vaccine strains and that minor antigenic changes may be a result of that selection.
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus strains,
low-virulence strains, stability, heat treatment, vaccines, antigens, searching
for thermal stable variants, La Sota
type.
Kommers,
G.D.; King, D.J.; Seal, B.S.; Brown, C.C. Virulence
of pigeon-origin Newcastle disease virus isolates for domestic chickens. Avian Diseases.
Oct/Dec 2001. v. 45 (4) p. 906-921. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Summary in Spanish
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: The virulence of six pigeon-origin isolates
of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was
evaluated before and after passage in white leghorn chickens. Four isolates
were defined as pigeon paramyxovirus-1 (PPMV-1) and two isolates were classified
as avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1) with NDV monoclonal antibodies. The four PPMV-1
isolates were passaged four times in chickens, and the APMV-1 isolates were
passaged only once. Infected birds were monitored clinically and euthanatized.
Tissues were collected for histopathology, in situ hybridization with a NDV
matrix gene digoxigenin-labeled riboprobe, and immunohistochemistry with an
anti-peptide antibody to the nucleoprotein. Mean death time, intracerebral pathogenicity
index, and intravenous pathogenicity index tests performed before and after
passage in chickens demonstrated increased virulence of the passaged PPMV-1
isolates and high virulence of the original isolates of APMV-1. Sequence analysis
of the fusion protein cleavage site of all six isolates demonstrated a sequence
typical of the virulent pathotype. Although the pathotyping results indicated
a virulence increase of all passaged PPMV-1 isolates, clinical disease was limited
to depression and some nervous signs in only some of the 4-wk-old specific-pathogen-free
white leghorns inoculated intraconjunctivally. However, an increased frequency
of clinical signs and some mortality occurred in 2 wk olds inoculated intraconjunctivally
with passaged virus. Histologically, prominent lesions in heart and brain were
observed in birds among all four groups inoculated with the PPMV-1 isolates.
The behavior of the two pigeon-origin APMV-1 isolates when inoculated into chickens
was characteristic of velogenic viscerotropic NDVs and included necro-hemorrhagic
lesions in the gastrointestinal tract.
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease virus, avian paramyxovirus,
pigeons, virulence, inoculum, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, histopathology,
nucleotide sequences, amino acid sequences, phylogenetics, lesions, pathotypes.
Landman,
W.J.M.; Veldman, K.T.; Mevius, D.J.; van Eck, J.H.H. Aerosol transmission of arthropathic and amyloidogenic Enterococcus faecalis. Avian
Diseases. Oct/Dec 2001. v. 45 (4) p. 1014-1023. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Summary in Spanish
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: One-day-old brown layer chicks were exposed
to an aerosol of an arthropathic and amyloidogenic Enterococcus faecalis strain
alone or after being subjected to treatment with formaldehyde gas (100-200 ppm).
Four-day-old chicks were also treated with the same aerosol but after treatment
with a Newcastle disease vaccine virus
(NDVV) aerosol or intramuscular injection with methylprednisolon at day 1. The
same E. faecalis strain was inoculated intramuscularly in day-old chicks as
positive control. Bacteremia with time showed that 24 hr after the aerosol the
day-old exposed chicks had the highest rate of positive blood cultures (70%-80%).
Lower numbers of bacteremic birds at this point in time were found in the chicks
treated with E. faecalis aerosol at day 4 (3/10 in the methylprednisolon-treated
group and 0/10 in the NDVV-treated group) and the E. faecalis intramuscular-injected
group at day 1 (2/10). Formaldehyde gas treatment did not favor the occurrence
of bacteremia. NDVV aerosol exposure or injection with corticosteroids did not
favor the occurrence of bacteremia 24 hr after E. faecalis aerosol exposure
at day 4 either, although 66 days after aerosol, one bird (1/14) treated with
NDVV showed bacteremia. A few bacteremic birds were found 10 days after aerosol
in the NDVV- and methylprednisolon-treated groups, whereas at 14 days after
aerosol, one bacteremic bird was seen in the group subjected to E. faecalis
aerosol at day 1, indicating the occurrence of chronic bacteremia. In contrast
to the E. faecalis intramuscular-inoculated birds, no joint pathology was seen
in the aerosol-exposed groups in spite of the occurrence of chronic bacteremia.
Descriptors: chicks, Streptococcus faecalis, aerosols, formaldehyde,
immunosuppression, prednisolone, Newcastle disease virus, chronic
bacteremia, disease transmission.
Landman,
W.J.M.; van Eck, J.H.H. Aerosolization
of Newcastle disease vaccine virus and Enterococcus faecalis. Avian Diseases. July/Sept 2001. v. 45 (3) p. 684-687. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Spanish Summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: In order to study the aerosol transmission of
arthropathic and amyloidogenic Enterococcus faecalis strains, preliminary aerosol
experiments were performed. The experiments were carried out in empty isolators
to assess the yield and viability of E. faecalis and Newcastle disease vaccine virus
(NDVV) aerosol particles with time. NDVV was aerosolized because this virus
would be used in combination with E. faecalis in a subsequent study. Concentrations
of about 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) of E. faecalis/m3 of air were still
found 30 min after the aerosol application. At 45 min, however, E. faecalis
concentrations dropped below the detection level. The average E. faecalis concentration
during the aerosol experiment was estimated at 10(5) CFU/liter. The NDVV aerosol
generated an average of 10(4)-10(5) 50% embryo infective dose per liter of air.
In these experiments, E. faecalis and NDVV aerosols were successfully generated
despite considerable initial particle loss. The bacteria and virus uptakes per
chick are discussed in case day-old chicks would be exposed to these aerosols.
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, Streptococcus
faecalis, aerosol transmission, aerosolized pathogen experiments, yields, viability,
chicks.
Li,
Z.; Nestor, K.E.; Saif, Y.M.; Anderson, J.W.; Patterson, R.A. Effect of selection for increased body weight
in turkeys on lymphoid organ weights, phagocytosis, and antibody responses to
fowl cholera and Newcastle disease-inactivatted vaccines. Poultry
Science. June 2001. v.80 (6) p. 689-694. ISSN: 0032-5791
NAL
call no: 47.8 Am33P
Abstract: The influence of selection was studied for increased
16-wk BW in turkeys on in vivo phagocytic activity, antibody responses to vaccines,
and weight of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius. A line (F) of turkeys selected
long term for increased 16-wk BW and its corresponding randombred control (RBC2)
were compared. Phagocytic activity was evaluated by the carbon clearance assay.
Antibody responses to inactivated Newcastle disease virus and Pasteurella
multocida vaccines were examined by ELISA. Body weight and relative weights
of spleen and bursa of Fabricius of the two lines were also compared. The F
line had lower phagocytic activity than the RBC2 line (P < 0.05). In addition,
the F line had greater BW, relative weight of spleen, and ratio of spleen to
bursa of Fabricius weight (P < 0.01) but had a lower relative weight of bursa
of Fabricius at 9 wk of age. However, there were no line differences in the
antibody responses to Newcastle disease virus or P. multocida vaccines at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 12 wk after vaccination. Based on the present
results, it is suggested that long-term selection for increased 16-wk BW might
have resulted in changes in the immune system, as indicated by changes in the
relative weights of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius and phagocytic activity.
The decreased phagocytic activity in the F line may be partially responsible
for increased susceptibility to specific diseases in this line.
Descriptors: turkeys, spleen, bursa Fabricii, weight, artificial
selection, selection criteria, liveweight, phagocytosis, immune system response,
inactivated vaccines, Newcastle disease, Pasteurella multocida, disease resistance,
susceptibility.
Lublin, A.; Mechani, S.; Siman-Tov,
Y.; Weisman, Y.; Horowitz, H.I.; Hatzofe, O. Sudden
death of a breaded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) possibly caused by Newcastle disease virus. Avian Diseases. July/Sept 2001. v. 45 (3) p. 741-744. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: An adult female bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus)
in the Tel Aviv University Research Zoo was found dead without previous clinical
signs. The predominant pathologic changes were considerable bloody content in
the intestines and enlargement of the liver, which had a rubbery consistency
with color changes. Microscopic lesions consisted of multifocal histiocytic
infiltration in the liver. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was
isolated from a cloacal swab and from the lungs and liver. Intracerebral pathogenicity
index of the virus, as estimated in 1-day-old chicks, was repeated three times
and had an average value of 1.68, indicating a velogenic strain. Numerous Clostridium
septicum bacteria were found on the intestinal surface, but bioassays in which
they were orally administered into chickens and mice revealed that, even though
they were heavily multiplied in the intestines, they were nonpathogenic. It
seems that NDV, documented for the first time in a bearded vulture in Israel, was the likely cause
of sudden death.
Descriptors: predatory birds, Gypaetus barbatus, sudden death,
etiology, Newcastle disease virus, Clostridium septicum, pathogenicity, vultures,
zoo specimen, intestines, liver, lesions, case reports, diagnosis, Israel.
McGinnes,
L.W.; Sergel, T.; Chen, H.; Hamo, L.; Schwertz, S.; Li, D.; Morrison, T.G. Mutational analysis of the membrane proximal
heptad repeat of the Newcastle disease virus fusion protein. Virology. Oct
25, 2001.
v. 289 (2) p. 343-352.: ISSN: 0042-6822
NAL
call no: 448.8 V81
Descriptors: fusion protein structure,
viral protein, membranes.
McGinnes,
L.; Sergel, T.; Reitter, J.; Morrison, T.
Carbohydrate modifications of the NDV fusion protein heptad repeat domains influence
maturation and fusion activity. Virology. May
10, 2001.
v. 283 (2) p. 332-342. ISSN: 0042-6822
NAL
call no: 448.8 V81
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, fusion
protein, modifications to heptad repeats, effects on fusion.
Mishra,
S.; Kataria, J.M.; Sah, R.L.; Verma, K.C.; Mishra, J.P. Studies on the pathogenicity of Newcastle disease virus isolates in Guinea
fowl. Tropical Animal Health and Production.
July 2001. v. 33 (4) p. 313-320. ISSN: 0049-4747
NAL
call no: SF601.T7
Descriptors: chickens, guineafowl, pathogenicity of Newcastle disease virus, viral strains,
mortality, pathogenesis, disease course, hosts, symptoms, postmortem examinations.
Mo,
C W.; Cao, Y.C.; Lim, B.L. The in vivo
and in vitro effects of chicken interferon alpha on infectious bursal disease
virus and Newcastle disease virus infection. Avian
Diseases. Apr/June 2001. v. 45 (2) p. 389-399. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Summary in Spanish.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: The in vitro and in vivo effects of chicken
interferon alpha on infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection were investigated
in this study. A cDNA of interferon alpha was first cloned from a Chinese strain
chicken Shiqi by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The deduced
amino acid sequence has one amino acid substitution with chicken interferon
alpha 1 at residue 65 (N to S) and two amino acid substitutions with chicken
interferon alpha 2 at residues 50 (N to S) and 58 (P to L), respectively. A
prokaryotic expression system was employed to produce a large quantity of recombinant
protein. Recombinant interferon was purified in a one-step process, and an optimal
refolding process was devised. About 51% recombinant protein from inclusion
bodies was refolded, and the final yield of the recombinant interferon reached
24.66 mg/liter culture. The recombinant interferon suppressed IBDV plaque formation
in a dose-dependent manner and ameliorated IBDV and Newcastle disease virus infection
in both specific-pathogen-free (SPF) and commercial chickens. The antiviral
effect of interferon alpha is more significant in commercial chickens than in
SPF chickens, and the route of administration affects the efficacy of interferon
therapy. This is the first reported study of the effects of interferon alpha
on IBDV infection.
Descriptors: chickens, interferon, recombinant proteins,
infectious bursal disease virus, Newcastle disease virus, complementary DNA,
cloning, antiviral properties, amino acid sequences, chick embryos, fibroblasts.
Westbury,
H. Newcastle disease virus: An evolving
pathogen.
Avian
Pathology. Feb 2001. v. 30 (1) p. 5-11. ISSN:
0307-9457 Note: Summaries in French,
German and Spanish.
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: Australia experienced outbreaks
of virulent Newcastle disease (ND) in chickens
in the state of New South Wales in the years 1998, 1999
and 2000. The disease had occurred previously in Australia in 1930 and 1932 but the
country was free of it until the recent outbreaks. Avirulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were
detected in 1966 and, during the next two to three decades, strains (so-called
lentogenic strains) able to induce mild respiratory disease equivalent to that
induced by vaccine strains such as LaSota were also detected. Nucleotide sequence
analysis of the genes encoding the haemagglutinin and fusion proteins of Australian
isolates of the virus during this time demonstrated that Australian chicken
strains of NDV could be differentiated from NDV isolated elsewhere. Analysis
in this way demonstrated that NDV isolates causing the recent outbreaks of virulent
disease were Australian viruses that were so closely related to a recognized
Australian lentogenic strain, termed the Peat's Ridge strain, that it was considered
to be the precursor of the virulent virus. The outbreaks of virulent disease
in 1998 and 1999 were controlled by an official "stamping out" eradication
campaign. This was subsequently replaced by strategic use of ND vaccines when
virulent virus was again detected on some farms that had been restocked following
depopulation. The national situation with regard to ND is now being assessed
through a structured national survey of ND viruses, particularly to determine
the distribution of the precursor strain. No new outbreaks of virulent ND have
been recognized since February 2000, although immunization of flocks in areas
where the disease was recognized has occurred.
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, chickens,
outbreaks, Newcastle disease, virulence, genes,
nucleotide sequences, disease control, vaccination, Australia.
Yu,
L.; Wang, Z.; Jiang, Y.; Chang, L.; Kwang, J. Characterization
of newly emerging Newcastle disease virus isolates from the People's Republic of China and Taiwan.
Journal
of Clinical Microbiology. Oct 2001. v. 39 (10) p. 3512-3519. ISSN: 0095-1137
NAL
call no: QR46.J6
Descriptors: nucleotide sequences, phylogenetics, chickens,
pigeons, viral disease strains, molecular sequence data, China, Taiwan.
Yusoff,
K.; Tan, W.S. Newcastle disease virus:
macromolecules and opportunities. Avian
Pathology. Oct 2001. v. 30 (5) p. 439-455. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: Over the past two decades, enormous advances
have occurred in the structural and biological characterization of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). As
a result, not only the complete sequence of the viral genome has been fully
determined, but also a clearer understanding of the viral proteins and their
respective roles in the life cycle has been achieved. This article reviews the
progress in the molecular biology of NDV with emphasis on the new technologies.
It also identifies the fundamental problems that need to be addressed and attempts
to predict some research opportunities in NDV that can be realized in the near
future for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disease(s).
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, molecular
biology, genomes, viral proteins, viral replication, diagnosis, disease control,
vaccination, literature reviews.
Zanetti,
F.; Mattiello, R.; Garbino, C.; Kaloghlian, A.; Terrera, M.V.; Boviez, J.; Palma, E.; Carrillo, E.; Berinstein,
A. Biological and molecular characterization
of a pigeon paramyxovirus type-1 isolate found in Argentina. Avian
Diseases. July/Sept 2001. v. 45 (3) p. 567-571. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: In this report, we describe the biological and
molecular characterization of a paramyxovirus type-1 (PPMV-1) isolate found
in wild pigeons in an urban habitat in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Of the nine pigeons captured,
three were moribund, and the other six showed diarrhea, ataxia, tremor, torticolis,
and wing paralysis. The intracerebral pathogenicity index was 1.29, and the
amino acid (aa) sequence at the fusion protein cleavage site was 112GRQKRF117.
These characteristics correspond to a virulent Newcastle disease virus isolate.
Nevertheless, it was not possible to reproduce the disease in chickens experimentally
although the chickens exhibited seroconversion after inoculation. On the other
hand, pigeons inoculated with the isolate became sick. These results provide
further evidence about the unusual pathogenicity of PPMV-1 for chickens and
show once more the need for more biological determinations in these cases to
arrive at a final conclusion.
Descriptors: avian paramyxovirus, pigeons,
type 1 isolate, characterization, disease symptoms, pathogenicity, seroconversion,
experimental infection, amino acid sequences, molecular sequence data, Argentina.
Return to: Main Contents
| Bibliography
Contents
2000
Alexander,
D.J. Newcastle disease in ostriches (Struthio camelus)--a review. Avian Pathology. Apr 2000. v. 29 (2) p. 95-100. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Descriptors: ostriches, Newcastle disease,
Newcastle disease virus, outbreaks, infections, mortality, symptoms, age differences,
disease transmission, morbidity, infection, experimental infections, chickens,
vaccines, ELISA, diagnostic techniques, virus neutralization, literature reviews.
Ali,
A.; Reynolds, D.L. A multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for
Newcastle disease virus and avian pneumovirus (Colorado strain). Avian Diseases. Oct/Dec 2000. v. 44 (4) p. 938-943. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and
avian pneumovirus (APV) cause Newcastle disease and rhinotracheitis
respectively, in turkeys. Both of these viruses infect the respiratory system.
A one-tube, multiplex, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
assay for the detection of both NDV and Colorado strain of APV (APV-Col)
was developed and evaluated. The primers, specific for each virus, were designed
from the matrix protein gene of APV-Col and the fusion protein gene of NDV to
amplify products of 631 and 309 nucleotides, respectively. The multiplex RT-PCR
assay, for detecting both viruses simultaneously, was compared with the single-virus
RT-PCR assays for its sensitivity and specificity. The specific primers amplified
products of predicted size from each virus in the multiplex as well as the single-virus
RT-PCR assays. The multiplex RT-PCR assay was determined to be equivalent to
the single-virus RT-PCR assays for detecting both NDV and APV-Col. This multiplex
RT-PCR assay proved to be a sensitive method for the simultaneous and rapid
detection of NDV and APV-Col. This assay has the potential for clinical diagnostic
applications.
Descriptors: avian pneumovirus, Newcastle disease virus, reverse
transcription polymerase chain reaction assay, diagnostic techniques, detection,
rhinotracheitis, respiratory diseases, evaluation.
Ali,
A.; Reynolds, D.L. Characterization of
the stunting syndrome agent: Relatedness
to known viruses. Avian Diseases. Jan/Mar 2000. v. 44 (1) p. 45-50. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: An enteric disease of young turkeys, referred
to as stunting syndrome (SS), causes reduced growth and impaired feed efficiency.
A recently isolated virus, stunting syndrome agent, (SSA) has been found to
be the etiologic agent of SS. The objective of the present study was to determine
relatedness of the SSA with other viral agents. Serologic (viral neutralization
and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) assays and a reverse transcriptase-polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used. The antisera against turkey enteric coronavirus
(bluecomb agent), bovine coronavirus (BCV), bovine Breda-1 virus, bovine Breda-2
virus, avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian influenza virus, Newcastle
disease virus (NDV), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) of swine
were evaluated by dot-immunobinding avidin-biotin-enhanced ELISA and did not
react with SSA. The homologous (anti-SSA) antiserum was positive by ELISA. Similarly,
anti-SSA antiserum did not react when NDV, IBV, BCV, or TGEV was used as antigen
but did react with the homologous (SSA) virus. The virus neutralization assay
was performed by inoculating 24-to-25-day-old turkey embryos via the amniotic
route and by assessing the embryo infectivity on the basis of gross intestinal
lesions and intestinal maltase activity at 72 hr postinoculation. None of the
aforementioned antisera neutralized SSA infectivity in embryos except for the
homologous anti-SSA antiserum. A RT-PCR was performed with known primers specific
for NDV, IBV, BCV, and TGEV. The known primers failed to amplify SSA genome
but amplified their respective viral genomes. We concluded that the SSA was
distinct from the viral agents that were evaluated.
Descriptors: viral diseases, growth,
feed conversion, viruses, serology, polymerase chain reaction, identification,
immune serum, virus neutralization, evaluation, assays, embryos.
Blignaut,
A.; Burger, W.P.; Morley, A.J.; Bellstedt, D.U. Antibody responses to La Sota strain vaccines of Newcastle disease virus in ostriches (Struthio camelus) as detected
by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Avian Diseases. Apr/June 2000. v. 44 (2) p. 390-398. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Because of the fact that South Africa is a Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-endemic
country, major concerns exist that the export of ostrich meat could transmit
velogenic strains of this disease. The ability to transmit the virus could be
reduced by effective vaccination of South African ostriches. In this study,
two vaccination trials were conducted to assess serum antibody production in
response to vaccination with La Sota strain NDV vaccines. To this end, a commercially
available chicken anti-NDV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was modified
for the detection of anti-NDV antibodies in ostrich serum. The results obtained
with this ELISA were verified by comparison with an indirect ELISA. In the first
trial, ostriches were immunized subcutaneously four times with different volumes
of an inactivated vaccine and their immune response was determined from 2.5
mo up to the ideal slaughter age of 14 mo. Results indicated that ostriches
responded in a dose-dependent manner and gave support for the vaccination schedule
currently recommended to South African farmers. In a second trial, immunization
by eyedrop with a live La Sota vaccine of 5-wk-old ostriches did not elicit
a humoral immune response. The results indicate that it is highly unlikely that
ostriches that have been vaccinated according to the recommended vaccination
schedule can transmit the virus.
Descriptors: ostriches, Newcastle disease, Newcastle disease virus, vaccination,
immune response, ELISA, inactivated vaccines, live vaccines, antibody testing,
age differences, L833L810.
Clavijo,
A.; Robinson, Y.; Booth, T.; Munroe, F. Velogenic Newcastle disease in imported
caged birds. The Canadian Veterinary Journal. May 2000. v. 41 (5) p. 404-406. ISSN: 0008-5286 Note: French summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 R3224
Descriptors: Psittaciformes, Psittacidae, Cacatuidae, Newcastle
disease, Newcastle disease virus, importation,
quarantine, virulence, clinical aspects, diagnosis and mortality, Quebec, Netherlands.
Gohm,
D.S.; Thur, B.; Hofmann, M.A. Detection of Newcastle disease virus in organs and faeces of experimentally infected
chickens using RT-PCR. Avian Pathology. Apr 2000.
v. 29 (2) p. 143-152. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease
virus, detection, organs, feces, experimental infections, polymerase chain reaction,
diagnostic techniques, evaluation, outbreaks, identification, time, serotypes,
pathotypes.
Gutierrez-Ruiz,
E.J.; Ramirez-Cruz, G.T.; Gamboa, E.I.C.; Alexander, D.J.; Gough, R.E. A serological survey for avian infectious
bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus antibodies in backyard (free-range) village
chickens in Mexico.
Tropical Animal Health and Production.
Dec 2000. v. 32 (6) p. 381-390. ISSN: 0049-4747 Note: Summaries in French and
Spanish.
NAL
call no: SF601.T7
Descriptors: chickens, serological
surveys, infectious bronchitis virus, Newcastle disease virus, antibody
formation, free range husbandry, seroprevalence, respiratory diseases, Mexico.
Huang,
H.J.; Matsumoto, M. Nonspecific innate immunity against Escherichia
coli infection in chickens induced by vaccine strains of Newcastle disease virus. Avian Diseases. Oct/Dec 2000. v. 44 (4) p. 790-796.: ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: The objective was to
test the hypothesis that vaccine strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) induce
nonspecific immunity against subsequent infection with Escherichia coli. White
leghorn chickens at 5 wk of age were vaccinated with a NDV vaccine at various
days before challenge exposure with O1:K1 strain of E. coli via an intra-air
sac route. Immunity was determined on the basis of the viable number of E. coli
in the spleen 24 hr after the infection. Roakin strain induced significant (P
< 0.05) immunity against E. coli at 4, 6, and 8 days, and La Sota strain
at 2, 4, and 8 days, postvaccination. Secondary NDV vaccination administered
14 days later failed to induce immunity against E. coli when chickens were infected
1 or 5 days after the vaccination. Significant (P < 0.05) suppression of
this nonspecific immunity was observed in birds treated with corticosterone,
40 mg/kg in feed, given for three consecutive days immediately prior to the
bacterial exposure but not in those treated prior to the period. The results
indicate that innate immunity induced by the primary NDV vaccination may significantly
suppress the multiplication of E. coli in chickens for a period of 2-8 days
postvaccination. The NDV-induced immunity was inhibited by corticosterone, which
is known to mediate physiological responses to stress.
Descriptors: chickens, Escherichia coli, immunity effects,
non-specific immunity, Newcastle disease virus, induced resistance, disease
resistance, defense mechanisms, vaccination, vaccines, experimental infections,
corticosterone, medicated feeds, duration, inhibition.
Ibrahim,
I.K.; Shareef, A.M.; Al Joubory, K.M.T. Ameliorative
effects of sodium bentonite on phagocytosis and Newcastle disease antibody formation in broiler chickens during aflatoxicosis.
Research
in Veterinary Science. Oct 2000. v. 69 (2) p. 119-122. ISSN: 0034-5288
NAL
call no: 41.8 R312
Descriptors: broilers, aflatoxicosis, bentonite, dosage,
phagocytosis, Newcastle disease, vaccination,
antibody formation, immunosuppression.
Kirkland, P.D. Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus in Australia: in through the 'back door'. Australian Veterinary Journal. May 2000. v. 78 (5) p. 331-333. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL
call no: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, virulence,
poultry, outbreaks, Australia.
Krishnamurthy,
S.; Huang, Z.; Samal, S.K. Recovery of a virulent strain of Newcastle disease virus from cloned cDNA: expression of a foreign gene
results in growth retardation and attenuation. Virology. Dec
5, 2000.
v. 278 (1) p. 168-182. ISSN: 0042-6822.
NAL
call no: 448.8 V81
Descriptors: complementary DNA, virulence.
Leslie,
J. Newcastle disease: outbreak losses
and control policy costs. The Veterinary
Record. May 20, 2000. v. 146 (21) p. 603-606.
ISSN: 0042-4900
NAL
call no: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: poultry industry, Newcastle disease, disease control,
estimated costs, outbreaks, losses, vaccination, Northern Ireland.
Ley,
E.C.; Morishita, T.Y.; Harr, B.S.; Mohan, R.; Brisker, T. Serologic
survey of slaughter-age ostriches (Struthio camelus) for antibodies to selected
avian pathogens. Avian Diseases. Oct/Dec 2000. v. 44 (4) p. 989-992. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note:
Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Serum samples from 163 slaughter-age ostriches
(Struthio camelus) in Ohio and Indiana were tested for antibodies to avian influenza
virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), paramyxovirus (PMV) 2, PMV3, PMV7,
infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), Bordetella avium, Mycoplasma synoviae,
Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Salmonella pullorum,
Salmonella gallinarum, and Salmonella typhimurium. One ostrich had antibodies
to AIV H5N9, 57% of the ostriches had antibodies to NDV, four ostriches had
antibodies to both NDV and PMV2, and one ostrich had antibodies to NDV, PMV2,
PMV3, and PMV7. None of the ostriches had antibodies to IBDV, B. avium, M. synoviae,
M. gallisepticum, O. rhinotracheale, S. pullorum, S. gallinarum, and S. typhimurium.
This is the first report of antibodies to avian influenza and PMV7 in ostriches
in the United States.
Descriptors: ostriches, pathogens,
viruses, bacteria, serological surveys, antibodies, infections, new host records,
avian influenzavirus, paramyxovirus, incidence, Newcastle disease virus.
Li,
Y.C.; Ledoux, D.R.; Bermudez, A.J.; Fritsche, K.L.; Rottinghaus, G.E. The
individual and combined effects of fumonisin B1 and moniliformin on performance
and selected immune parameters in turkey poults. Poultry Science. June 2000. v. 79 (6) p. 871-878. ISSN: 0032-5791
NAL
call no: 47.8 Am33P
Descriptors: poults, fumonisins, mycotoxins, synergism, antibody
formation Newcastle disease virus, lymphocyte transformation, Escherichia coli,
bacteremia, blood, bacterial count, feed intake, liveweight gain, feed conversion,
thymus gland, bursa Fabricii, spleen, weight, mortality.
Li,
Y.C.; Ledoux, D.R.; Bermudez, A.J.; Fritsche, K.L.; Rottinghaus, G.E. Effects
of moniliformin on performance and immune function of broiler chicks. Poultry
Science. Jan 2000. v. 79 (1) p. 26-32. ISSN: 0032-5791
NAL
call no: 47.8 Am33P
Abstract: Three trials were conducted to evaluate the
effect of moniliformin (M) on performance and immune function in chicks. Day-old
chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (0, 50, 75, or 100
mg M/kg diet). In Trial 1, chicks were placed on treatments for 3 wk and were
injected intravenously with 4.6 x 10(6) Escherichia coli on Day 21. Blood samples
were collected at 60, 120, and 180 min after inoculation, and liver, spleen,
and lung were collected at 180 min postinjection. Compared with control chicks,
chicks fed 75 and 100 mg M/kg diet had higher (P < 0.05) numbers of E. coli
colonies in the circulation, liver, and spleen. In Trial 2, chicks were placed
on diets for 4 wk and were injected with 0.5 mL Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine
intramuscularly on Weeks 2 and 3 of the experiment. The primary and secondary
anti-NDV antibody titers were measured 7 d after each injection. Chicks fed
100 mg M/kg diet had lower (P < 0.05) secondary antibody titers than did
control chicks. In Trial 3, lymphocyte proliferation in chicks exposed to M
in vivo and in vitro was determined. Results of the in vivo study showed that
cell proliferation in response to mitogens from control- and M-fed chicks did
not differ (P > 0.05). For the in vitro study, lymphocyte proliferation decreased
linearly (P < 0.01) with increased concentrations of M. In all three trials,
chicks fed 100 mg M/kg diet had lower (P < 0.05) feed intake and weight gain
than did control chicks. Data from the current study suggested that M decreased
performance and immune response in chicks at the level of 75 mg/kg diet.
Descriptors: chicks, mycotoxins, fusarium,
Escherichia coli, experimental infections, bacteremia, antibody formation, lymphocyte
transformation, feed intake, body weight, feed conversion, dosage.
Mishra,
S.; Kataria, J.M.; Verma, K.C.; Sah, R.L. Response
of chickens to infection with Newcastle disease virus isolated from a guinea fowl. Tropical
Animal Health and Production.
Oct 2000. v. 32 (5) p. 277-284. ISSN: 0049-4747 Note: Summaries
in French and Spanish.
NAL
call no: SF601.T7
Descriptors: guineafowls, Newcastle disease virus, chickens,
pathogenicity, mortality, morbidity, antibody formation, hemagglutination inhibition
test, neutralization tests, virus neutralization.
Morales,
A.; Valle, V.; Gonzalez, M. A serological evaluation of a polyvalent vaccine
containing NDV, IB, EDS and HPS virus in layer hens. Proceedings
of ... Western Poultry Disease Conference. Davis, Calif.: University of California. 2000. (49th) p. 108-109.
Note: Meeting held on Mar
5-7, 2000,
Sacramento, CA.
NAL
call no: SF995.W4
Descriptors: hens, polyvalent vaccines,
Newcastle disease virus, infectious
bronchitis virus, egg drop syndrome, poultry diseases, hydropericardium syndrome.
Morishita,
T.Y.; Aye, P.P.; Ley, E.C.; Harr, B.C. Survey of pathogens and blood parasites in free-living
passerines. Avian Diseases. July/Sept 1999. v. 43 (3) p. 549-552. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: To determine the disease prevalence of free-living
passerines, 1709 passerines were sampled from 38 different field sites in Ohio. Choanal and cloacal swabs were collected
from each bird and cultured for the presence of Pasteurella multocida, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli by standard microbiologic techniques. In addition,
the serum from each bird was analyzed for the presence of antibodies to Mycoplasma
gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Newcastle disease virus, and avian
influenza virus. A blood smear was also made to examine for the presence of
blood parasites. Results indicated that the isolation of E. coli varied with
bird species, with the European starling having a higher (21.4%) isolation of
E. coli. Salmonella spp. were also isolated from these free-living passerines.
Pasteurella multocida was not isolated from any of the sampled passerines. These
birds did not have antibodies to M. gallisepticum, M. synoviae, Newcastle disease virus, or avian
influenza virus. Blood parasites were not detected in any of the birds sampled.
Descriptors: Passeriformes bird diseases, wild birds, disease
prevalence, Pasteurella multocida. Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Mycoplasma
gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Newcastle disease virus, avian influenza
virus, parasites, Ohio.
Murakawa,
Y.; Takase, K.; Sakamoto, K.; Suesoshi, M.; Nagatomo, H. Characterization
of a lentogenic Newcastle disease virus isolated from broiler chickens in Japan. Avian Diseases. July/Sept 2000. v. 44 (3) p. 686-690. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Newcastle disease virus (NDV), named
MET95, was isolated from a nonvaccinated broiler flock in Japan in 1995. The MET95 strain
was determined to be a lentogenic NDV. The strain has the properties of eluting
rapidly at 4C and has low thermostability in hemagglutinating activity with
chicken erythrocytes. In these studies, no difference could be found between
the MET95 strain and the Hitcher B1 vaccine strain. However, the chickens inoculated
with the MET95 strain, as well as chickens that they were in contact with, had
a much higher hemagglutination-inhibition antibody response than those inoculated
with the B1 strain. Accordingly, the MET95 strain is thought to be a promising
candidate as a live ND vaccine strain. In Japan, this is the first report
on the isolation of lentogenic NDV from chickens since the paper on the Ishii
strain isolated in 1966.
Descriptors: broilers, Newcastle disease virus, characterization,
strain differences, pathogenicity, immune response, Japan.
Nanthakumar,
T.; Tiwari, A.K.; Kataria, R.S.; Butchaiah, G.; Kataria, J.M.; Goswami, P.P.
Sequence analysis of the cleavage site-encoding
region of the fusion protein gene of Newcastle diseae viruses from India and
Nepal. Avian Pathology. Dec 2000. v. 29 (6) p. 603-607. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: Five field isolates of Newcastle disease virus, including
one from a pigeon from the Indian subcontinent, along with three vaccine strains
have been characterized by sequence analysis of the fusion protein (F) gene
in the region encoding the F2-F1 cleavage site. Based on the amino acid sequence
present at the cleavage site and on the percent divergence at nucleotide and
amino acid levels, three field isolates could be classified as velogenic and
two were of lentogenic pathotypes. The velogenic phenotypes had the sequence
RRQK/RRF at the cleavage site, while the lentogenic strains had GRQA/GRL at
the corresponding position.
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, nucleotide
sequences, amino acid sequences, molecular sequence data, viral proteins, pathotypes,
characterization, India, Nepal.
Nanthakumar,
T.; Kataria, R.S.; Tiwari, A.K.; Butchaiah, G.; Kataria, J.M. Pathotyping
of Newcastle disease viruses by RT-PCR and restriction enzyme analysis. Veterinary Research Communications.
May 2000. v. 24 (4) p. 275-286. ISSN: 0165-7380
NAL
call no: SF601.V38
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, pathotypes, polymerase
chain reaction, restriction endonuclease analysis, detection, identification,
nucleotide sequences, viral proteins, pathogenicity, vaccines.
Nasser, M.; Lohr, J.E.; Mebratu, G.Y.; Zessin, K.H.;
Baumann, M.P.O.; Ademe, Z. Oral Newcastle disease vaccination trials in Ethiopia.
Avian
Pathology. Feb 2000. v 29 (1) p. 27-34.
ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: Vaccination experiments were carried out in
Ethiopia to study the efficacy
of the NDV-I2 vaccine against challenge with an Ethiopian velogenic strain of
NDV. In experiment A, which comprised 300 broiler chicks, the efficacy of the
ocular/drinking water application of the HB1/La Sota vaccine was compared with
the ocular/drinking water and the feed application of the NDV-I2 vaccine on
untreated barley and sorghum. The NDV-I2 vaccine applied by eye-drop or drinking-water
protected the chickens against challenge as efficiently as combined HB1/La Sota
vaccination but untreated barley and sorghum were unsuitable vaccine carriers.
The vaccine virus could not be recovered and chickens neither seroconverted
nor were they protected. In experiment B, 120 broiler chicks were divided into
6 treatment groups. One group each received NDV-I2 vaccine mixed with untreated
barley or sorghum which was applied immediately, or 14 h after mixing and standing
at ambient temperature. The fifth group was vaccinated intraocularly and via
the drinking water with the NDV-I2 vaccine. The sixth group remained untreated.
Experiment B confirmed the results of experiment A. In experiment C, 100 chicks
were divided into 5 groups of 20 chickens each. One group each received the
NDV-I2 vaccine on parboiled barley or sorghum as vaccine carriers 0 and 6 h
after mixing. The last group remained untreated. Parboiled barley given 0 or
6 h and parboiled sorghum given 0 h after mixing with the vaccine led to seroconversion
and protection of the chickens. Parboiled sorghum given 6 h after mixing with
the vaccine did not. It is concluded that the thermostable NDV-I2 vaccine may
be a suitable vaccine for oral application under Ethiopian conditions.
Descriptors: chicks, oral vaccination, vaccines, Newcastle
disease virus Newcastle disease, efficacy, disease prevention, drinking water,
vaccination, medicated feeds, barley, sorghum, survival, immune response, eye
drop vaccination, Ethiopia.
New Zealand. MAF Biosecurity Authority.
Import Risk Analysis: Chicken Meat and Chicken Meat Products: Bernard Matthews Foods Ltd Turkey Meat Preparations from the
United Kingdom: Revised Quantitative Risk Assessments on Chicken Meat from the United States: Reassessment of Heat Treatment for Inactivation of Newcastle Disease Virus in Chicken Meat. Other title: Chicken Meat and Chicken Meat Products. Bernard Matthews Foods Ltd Turkey Meat Preparations from the
United Kingdom. Revised Quantitative Risk Assessments on Chicken Meat from the United States. Reassessment of Heat Treatment for Inactivation of Newcastle Disease Virus in Chicken Meat. Chicken Meat Risk Analysis. Wellington, N.Z.: Biosecurity Authority,
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, [2000] 24 leaves: ill.
NAL
call no: HD9437.N452 2000
Descriptors: chicken and turkey industry,
poultry diseases, Newcastle disease virus, risk analysis,
treatment, New Zealand.
Oakeley,
R.D. The limitations of a feed/water
based heat-stable vaccine delivery system for Newcastle disease-control strategies for backyard poultry flocks in
sub-Saharan Africa. [Erratum: May 1, 2001, v. 49 (3/4), p. 279.]. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. Dec 8, 2000. v. 47 (4) p. 271-279. ISSN: 0167-5877
NAL
call no: SF601.P7
Descriptors: poultry flocks, feed and water based vaccine
delivery, Newcastle disease virus, vaccination,
medicated feeds, disease control, outbreaks, extensive production, heat stability,
rural communities, Africa south of Sahara.
Peeters,
B.P.H.; Gruijthuijsen, Y.K.; Leeuw, O.S. de.; Gielkens, A.L.J. Genome
replication of Newcastle disease virus: Involvement of the rule-of-six. Archives
of Virology. 2000.
v. 145 (9) p. 1829-1845. ISSN: 0304-8608
NAL
call no: 448.3 Ar23
Descriptors: infection, genome analysis, transcription.
Pfitzer,
S.; Verwoerd, D.J.; Gerdes, G.H.; Labuschagne, A.E.; Erasmus, A.; Manvell, R.J.;
Grund, C. Newcastle disease and avian
influenza A virus in wild waterfowl in South Africa. Avian
Diseases. July/Sept 2000. v. 44 (3) p. 655-660. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Spanish Summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: In an intensive ostrich farming area in South Africa with a history of ostrich
influenza outbreaks, we conducted a survey of avian influenza virus (AIV) and
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in
wild aquatic birds. During late autumn and winter 1998, the time of year when
outbreaks in ostriches typically start to occur, 262 aquatic birds comprising
14 species were sampled and tested for both virus infections. From eight samples,
AIV, serotype H10N9, could be isolated. All isolates were apathogenic as determined
by the intravenous pathogenicity index (0.00). Conversely, none of33 sera of
these wild birds showed antibodies against H10. However, one bird was found
serologically positive for H6 AIV. This AIV serotype was later isolated from
ostriches during an avian influenza outbreak in this area. No NDV was isolated
although 34 of 46 serum samples contained NDV-specific antibodies. This is the
first H10N9 isolate to be reported from Africa. In addition, our data
support the notion that wild aquatic birds may function as a reservoir for AIV
and NDV in South Africa.
Descriptors: waterfowl, wild birds, Newcastle disease virus, avian influenzavirus,
disease surveys, serotypes, pathogenicity, reservoir hosts, South Africa.
Pitt,
J.J.; Da Silva, E.; Gorman, J.J. Determination of the disulfide bond arrangement
of Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin neuraminidase. Correlation with
a beta-sheet propeller structural fold predicted for Paramyxoviridae attachment
proteins. The Journal
of Biological Chemistry. Mar 3,
2000.
v. 275 (9) p. 6469-6478. ISSN: 0021-9258
NAL
call no: 381 J824
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, viral hemagglutinins,
sialidase, amino acid sequences, cysteine, cystine, molecular conformation,
molecular weight, pseudomolecular weight.
Poston,
R.M.; Johnson, B.D.; Hutchins, J.E.; Doelling, V.W.; Reynolds, D.L. In ovo
NDV vaccination in combination with interferon-type I is safe and efficacious.
Proceedings
of ... Western Poultry Disease Conference. Davis, Calif.: University of California. 2000. (49th) p. 13-17.
Note: Meeting held on Mar
5-7, 2000,
Sacramento, CA.
NAL
call no: SF995.W4
Descriptors: chick, embryos, vaccination,
Newcastle disease virus vaccines,
interferon.
Reynolds,
D.; Akinc, S.; Ali, A. Passively administered antibodies alleviate
stunting syndrome in turkey poults. Avian Diseases. Apr/June 2000. v. 44 (2) p. 439-442. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Stunting syndrome is an enteric disease of young
turkeys that results in reduced growth (stunting) of poults and impaired feed
efficiency. A virus, which has been termed the stunting syndrome agent (SSA),
causes stunting syndrome. In this study passive immunity was evaluated as a
method of protecting poults from stunting syndrome. One-day-old poults were
injected with either tryptose phosphate broth, an anti-SSA antibody preparation,
or an anti-Newcastle disease virus antibody preparation before challenge by
placing them into SSA-contaminated isolators or control (nonchallenge) isolators.
Poults that received anti-SSA antibodies were significantly heavier (P <
0.05) and did not display as severe clinical disease compared to birds that
did not receive the anti-SSA antibodies. However, the birds that received anti-SSA
antibodies and were challenged were significantly lighter (P < 0.05) than
birds that were not challenged. The results of this trial demonstrate that the
injection of anti-SSA antibodies benefited poults undergoing stunting syndrome.
The role of passive immunity, either through breeder hen vaccination or through
supplying antibodies to poults artificially (i.e., at the hatchery), may have
future applications in alleviating stunting syndrome.
Descriptors: poults, viral diseases, growth disorders, passive
immunization, passive immunity, antibodies, immune serum, disease prevention,
body weight.
Reynolds,
D.L.; Maraqa, A.D. Protective immunity
against Newcastle disease: the role of cell-mediated immunity. Avian Diseases. Jan/Mar 2000. v. 44 (1) p. 145-154. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish
summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: The role of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in
protection of birds from Newcastle disease was investigated
by two different strategies in which only Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-specific
CMI was conveyed without neutralizing antibodies. In the first strategy, selected
3-wk-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) birds were vaccinated with either live
NDV (LNDV), ultraviolet-inactivated NDV (UVNDV), sodium dodecyl sulfate-treated
NDV (SDSNDV), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (negative control) by the subcutaneous
route. Birds were booster vaccinated 2 wk later and challenged with the velogenic
Texas GB strain of NDV 1 wk after booster. All vaccinated birds had specific
CMI responses to NDV as measured by a blastogenesis microassay. NDV neutralizing
(VN) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody responses were detected in
birds vaccinated with LNDV and UVNDV. However, birds vaccinated with SDSNDV
developed antibodies that were detected by western blot analysis but not by
the VN or HI test. Protection from challenge was observed only in those birds
that had VN or HI antibody response. That is, birds with demonstrable CMI and
VN or HI antibody response were protected, whereas birds with demonstrable CMI
but no VN or HI antibody response were not protected. In the second strategy,
birds from SPF embryos were treated in ovo with cyclophosphamide (CY) to deplete
immune cells. The birds were monitored and, at 2 wk of age, were selected for
the presence of T-cell activity and the absence of B-cell activity. Birds that
had a significant T-cell response, but not a B-cell response, were vaccinated
with either LNDV, UVNDV, or PBS at 3 wk of age along with the corresponding
CY-untreated control birds. The birds were booster vaccinated at 5 wk of age
and were challenged with Texas GB strain of NDV at 6 wk of age. All birds vaccinated
with LNDV or UVNDV had a specific CMI response to NDV, VN or HI NDV antibodies
were detected in all CY-nontreated vaccinated birds and some of the CY-treated
vaccinated birds that were found to have regenerated their B-cell function at
1 wk postbooster. The challenge results clearly revealed that CY-treated birds
that had NDV-specific CMI and VN or HI antibody responses to LNDV or UVNDV were
protected, as were the CY-nontreated vaccinated birds. However, birds that had
NDV-specific CMI response but did not have VN or HI antibodies were not protected
from challenge. The results from both strategies indicate that specific CMI
to NDV by itself is not protective against virulent NDV challenge. The presence
of VN or HI antibodies is necessary in providing protection from Newcastle disease.
Descriptors: Newcastle disease, chickens, immunity, neutralizing
antibodies, vaccination, live vaccines, inactivated vaccines, experimental infections,
bioassays, immune response, embryos, virulence, antibodies, hemagglutinins.
Reynolds,
D.L.; Maraqa, A.D. Protective immunity
against Newcastle disease: the role of antibodies specific to Newcastle disease virus polypeptides. Avian Diseases. Jan/Mar 2000. v. 44 (1) p. 138-144. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Spanish
summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Studies were performed to determine if passive
immunization with hyperimmune sera generated to specific Newcastle disease virus (NDV) proteins
conferred protection against virus challenge. Six groups of 3-wk-old chickens
were passively immunized with antiserum against either hemagglutinin-neuraminidase/fusion,
(HN/F) protein, nucleoprotein/phosphoprotein (NP/P), Matrix (M) protein, a mixture
of all NDV proteins (ALL), intact ultraviolet-inactivated NDV (UVNDV), or negative
sera. Blood samples were collected 2 days postimmunization, and the birds were
challenged with Texas GB strain of NDV. Antibody titers were detected from those
recipient birds that had received the antisera against the HN7F, ALL, or UVNDV
by a hemagglutination inhibition test, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA), and a virus neutralization test. Antibodies were detected only by the
ELISA from the birds that had received antisera against NP/P and M protein.
Antibody titers in the recipient birds dropped by two dilutions (log2) after
2 days postinjection. Birds passively immunized with antisera against HN/F,
ALL, and UVNDV were protected from challenge, whereas chickens passively immunized
with antisera against NP/P and M protein and specific-pathogen-free sera developed
clinical signs of Newcastle disease. The challenge
virus was recovered from the tracheas of all passively immunized groups. The
presence of neutralizing antibodies to NDV provided protection from clinical
disease but was unable to prevent virus shedding from the trachea.
Descriptors: Newcastle disease, Newcastle disease virus,
polypeptides, antibodies, immunity, immune serum, viral proteins, blood chemistry,
experimental infections, passive immunization, virus shedding, symptoms, morbidity, mortality.
Reynolds,
D. Newcastle disease: protection and immunity. Proceedings
of ... Western Poultry Disease Conference. Davis, Calif.: University of California. 2000. (49th) p. 1-5.
Note: Meeting held on Mar
5-7, 2000,
Sacramento, CA.
NAL
call no: SF995.W4
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, vaccines,
vaccination, immune response.
Roy,
P.; Venugopalan, A.T.; Koteeswaran, A. Antigenetically unusual Newcastle disease virus from racing pigeons in India. Tropical Animal Health
and Production.
June 2000. v. 32 (3) p. 183-188. ISSN:
0049-4747
NAL
call no: SF601.T7
Descriptors: racing pigeons, Newcastle disease virus, outbreaks,
vaccination, live vaccines, hemagglutination inhibition test, hemagglutination
tests, pathogenicity, acute course, monoclonal antibodies, immunity, chickens,
India.
Roy,
P.; Venugopalan, A.T.; Manvell, R. Characterization of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from chickens and ducks in Tamilnadu, India.
Veterinary Research Communications.
Mar 2000. v. 24 (2) p. 135-142. ISSN: 0165-7380
NAL
call no: SF601.V38
Descriptors: chickens, ducks, Newcastle disease, Newcastle
disease virus, outbreaks, strains, strain differences, identification, mortality,
pathogenicity, hemagglutinins, erythrocytes, monoclonal antibodies, binding,
serotypes, serology, vaccines, vaccination, epidemics, Tamilnadu.
Roy,
P.; Venugopalan, A.T. Passive haemagglutination test in the serology
of Newcastle disease virus. Tropical Animal Health and Production.
Feb 2000. v. 32 (1) p. 19-22. ISSN: 0049-4747
NAL
call no: SF601.T7
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease virus, live vaccines,
hemagglutination tests, vaccination, antibody formation, hemagglutination inhibition
test.
Slacum,
G.; Hein, R.; Lynch, P. Observations
with a novel Newcastle disease strain, C2. Proceedings of ... Western
Poultry Disease Conference. Davis, Calif.: University of California. 2000. (49th) p. 17-19.
Note: Meeting held on Mar
5-7, 2000,
Sacramento, CA.
NAL
call no: SF995.W4
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, vaccine
development, live vaccines.
Swain,
B.K.; Johri, T.S.; Majumdar, S. Effect
of supplementation of vitamin E, selenium and their different combinations on
the performance and immune response of broilers. British Poultry Science. July 2000. v. 41 (3) p. 287-292. ISSN: 0007-1668
NAL
call no: 47.8 B77
Abstract: 1. The effect of dietary vitamin E, selenium
(Se) and their different combinations on body weight gain, food consumption,
food conversion efficiency, leukocyte migration inhibition and antibody production
was determined in broilers. 2. Chicks were fed on maize-soya bean based diets
with concentrations of supplemental vitamin E varying from 0 to 300 IU/kg and
selenium concentrations varying from 0 to 1 mg/kg either alone or in combination
from 1 to 42 d of age. 3. The chicks were immunised for Newcastle Disease Virus
(NDV) vaccine at 21 d. Per cent leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) was studied
on 42 d. Antibodies to NDV in serum were determined at 10 and 21 d post immunisation
(PI). 4. Chicks receiving Se, 1 mg/kg and vitamin E 300 IU/kg had significantly
higher cellular immune responses in terms of per cent LMI. 5. Maximum body weight
gain and best efficiency of food utilisation were obtained in chicks fed diets
containing 0.50 mg/kg Se and 300 IU/kg vitamin E. 6. Significantly higher antibody
titres (HI and ELISA) at 10 d PI were attributed to 0.06 mg/kg and 150 IU/kg
Se and vitamin E, respectively. 7. These data suggest that optimum growth and
immune response may be achieved at supplemental level of Se of 0.06 mg/kg and
vitamin E at 150 IU/kg. The vitamin E level is higher than that recommended
by NRC (1984, 1994).
Descriptors: broilers, vitamin supplements, vitamin E acetate,
mineral supplements, selenium, feed intake, liveweight gain, feed conversion,
broiler performance, maize, soybean oilmeal, antibody formation, vaccination,
humoral immunity, cell mediated immunity, nutrient-nutrient interactions, leukocyte
migration inhibition test.
Takimoto,
T.; Taylor, G.L.; Crennell,-S.J.;
Scroggs, R.A.; Portner, A. Crystallization of Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein. Virology.
Apr
25, 2000.
v. 270 (1) p. 208-214. ISSN: 0042-6822
NAL
call no: 448.8 V81
Descriptors: viral glycoprotein crystallization,
Newcastle disease virus.
Turner,
S.P.; Ewen, M.; Rooke, J.A.; Edwards, S.A. The effect of space allowance on performance, aggression and immune competence
of growing pigs housed on straw deep-litter at different group sizes.
Livestock Production Science. Sept
2000. v. 66 (1) p. 47-55. ISSN: 0301-6226
NAL
call no: SF1.L5
Descriptors: pigs, performance, aggressive
behavior, immune competence, space requirements, pig housing, deep litter housing,
livestock numbers, liveweight gain, efficiency, lesions, immune response, Newcastle
disease virus, growth rate.
Wambura,
P.N.; Kapaga, A.M.; Hyera, J.M.K. Experimental trials with a thermostable Newcastle disease virus (strain I2) in commercial and village chickens
in Tanzania. Preventive Veterinary
Medicine.
Jan 20, 2000. v. 43 (3) p. 75-83. ISSN:
0167-5877
NAL
call no: SF601.P7
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease
virus, vaccination, live vaccines, virulence, immune response, oral administration,
application methods, survival, medicated feeds, drinking water, heat stability,
Tanzania.
Ward,
M.D.W.; Fuller, F.J.; Mehrotra, Y.; De Buysscher, E.V. Nucleotide sequence and vaccinia
expression of the nucleoprotein of a highly virulent, neurotropic strain of
Newcastle Disease virus. Avian Diseases. Jan/Mar 2000. v. 44 (1) p. 34-44. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: The nucleoprotein (NP) of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was
selected to study the relative importance of an internal structural protein
in the avian immune response. The NP gene of the virulent, neurotropic NDV Texas
GB (TGB) strain was cloned and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence data for the NP
gene allowed comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences for the NP genes
of NDV-TGB and the avirulent duck isolate NDV-D26. These comparisons demonstrated
an 89% nucleotide sequence homology and a 97% homology between the deduced amino
acid sequences. The NDV-TGB NP expressed in recombinant vaccinia virus (rVAC)
was electrophoretically and immunologically identical to the wild-type NDV-TGB.
Although inoculation of chickens with the recombinant vaccinia virus expressing
the NDV NP gene elicited anti-NDV antibodies in higher titers than in birds
inoculated with live LaSota NDV, this strong anti-NDV response did not protect
against lethal challenge with NDV-TGB.
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, nucleotide sequences,
virulence, gene expression, nucleoproteins, strains, immune response, amino
acid sequences, electrophoresis, recombinant proteins, experimental infection,
vaccination, mortality.
Molecular sequence data: genbank/af144730.
Yunis,
R.; Ben-David, A.; Heller, E.D.; Cahaner, A. Immunocompetence
and viability under commercial conditions of broiler groups differing in growth
rate and in antibody response to Escherichia coli vaccine. Poultry
Science. Savoy, IL: Poultry Science Association,
Inc. June 2000. v. 79 (6) p. 810-816. ISSN: 0032-5791
NAL
call no: 47.8 Am33P
Descriptors: broilers, line differences, selection criteria,
antibody formation, selection responses, broiler lines, crossbreds, liveweight
gain, Newcastle disease virus, Escherichia
coli, mortality, disease resistance, infectious diseases, poultry farming.
Zdzisinska,
B.; Filar, J.; Paduch, R.; Kaczor, J.; Lokaj, I.; Kandefer-Szerszen, M.
The influence of ketone bodies and glucose
on interferon, tumor necrosis factor production and NO release in bovine aorta
endothelial cells. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology.
May
23, 2000.
v. 74 (3/4) p. 237-247. ISSN: 0165-2427
NAL
call no: SF757.2.V38
Descriptors: cattle aorta, endothelium, ketone bodies, glucose,
interferon, tumor necrosis factor, biosynthesis, nitrous oxide, cell cultures,
acetoacetic acid, acetone, lipopolysaccharides, Newcastle disease virus, nitrite.
Zulkifli,
I.; Che-Norma, M.T.; Israf,
D.A.; Omar, A.R. The effect of early
age feed restriction on subsequent response to high environmental temperatures
in female broiler chickens. Poultry
Science. Oct 2000. v.79 (10) p. 1401-1407. ISSN: 0032-5791
NAL
call no: 47.8 Am33P
Abstract: This study was conducted to determine whether
early age feed restriction improves heat
tolerance in female broiler chickens.
Chicks were brooded for 3 wk and then maintained
at 24 +/- 1 C. On Day 0, chicks were assigned to
one of four feeding regimens; each regimen was applied to four cages of chicks. The feeding
regimens were 1) ad libitum feeding (ALF);
2) 40% feed restriction at 4, 5, and
6 d of age (F40); 3) 60% feed restriction
at 4, 5, and 6 d of age (F60); and (4) 80% feed restriction at 4, 5, and 6 d of age (F80). From 35 to 41 d of
age, all birds were exposed to 38 +/-
1 C for 2 h/d. Serum concentrations of
glucose were elevated by the heat challenge,
but were not affected by the feeding regimen. The
heat treatment resulted in hypocholesteremia
among ALF and F80 chicks, whereas the
concentrations increased and remained constant in the F60 and F40 birds, respectively. Subjecting chicks to F60 improved growth and
survivability and reduced heterophil to lymphocyte
ratios (H/L) in response to the heat treatment as compared with
the ALF and F80 regimens. The survivability
rate and H/L of F40 chicks were similar
to those attained by chicks on other
regimens. Newcastle disease antibody titer
of ALF birds declined with duration of
heat treatment. It is concluded that the F60 regimen is beneficial for alleviating,
at least in part, the detrimental effects
of heat stress in female broiler chickens.
Descriptors: broilers, restricted feeding, heat tolerance,
environmental temperature, timing, age differences, unrestricted feeding, blood
picture, lymphocytes, feed intake, feed conversion, mortality, blood serum,
cholesterol, antibody formation, stress response, body weight, heterophil:lymphocyte
ratio.
Return to: Main Contents
| Bibliography
Contents
1999
Ahlers,
C.; Huttner, K.; Pfeiffer, D. Comparison between a live and an inactivated
vaccine against Newcastle disease in village chickens. A field study in northern Malawi. Tropical Animal Health
and Production.
June 1999. v. 31 (3) p. 167-174. ISSN: 0049-4747
NAL
call no: SF601.T7
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease, vaccination,
inactivated vaccines, live vaccines, intramuscular injection, antibody formation,
application methods, Malawi, eye drop application.
Alexander,
D.J.; Banks, J.; Collins, M.S.; Manvell, R.J.; Frost, K.M.; Speidel, E.C.; Aldous,
E.W. Antigenic and genetic characterisation
of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from outbreaks in domestic fowl and
turkeys in Great Britain during 1997.
The Veterinary Record. Oct 9, 1999. v. 145 (15) p. 417-421.
ISSN: 0042-4900
NAL
call no: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: chickens, turkeys, Newcastle disease virus, Newcastle disease, outbreaks, characterization,
antigens, phylogenetics, Great Britain, Scandinavia, Northern Ireland.
Alexander,
D.J.; Manvell, R.J.; Banks, J.; Collins, M.S.; Parsons, G.; Cox, B.; Frost,
K.M.; Speidel, E.C.; Ashman, S.; Aldous, E.W. Experimental
assessment of the pathogenicity of the Newcastle disease viruses from outbreaks in Great Britain in 1997 for chickens and turkeys, and the protection afforded
by vaccination. Avian Pathology. Oct 1999.
v. 28 (5) p. 501-511. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: The Newcastle disease virus isolated from healthy
turkeys in outbreak GB 97/6 was used to challenge 4-week-old turkeys and chickens,
which were either not vaccinated or had received a single dose of Hitchner B1
live vaccine 14 days earlier, by one of the intramuscular, intranasal or contact
routes. Similar experiments were done in 38-day-old turkeys and chickens using
virus isolated from severely sick chickens in outbreak GB 97/1. All vaccinated
chickens showed low but measurable immune responses 14 days after vaccination,
but only three of the turkeys had de-tectable antibodies. No vaccinated turkey
or chicken showed any clinical sign after challenge with either virus. The virus
from healthy turkeys in outbreak GB 97/6 induced clinical signs in 12/30 unvaccinated
turkeys after challenge and 7/30 died. In unvaccinated chickens, challenge with
this virus produced clinical signs in 25/30 birds and 21/30 died. In challenge
experiments with the virus from outbreak GB 97/1 in chickens, 3/30 unvaccinated
turkeys showed clinical signs and all three subsequently died. In contrast,
30/30 unvaccinated chickens challenged with this virus showed clinical signs
and died. Vaccination did not prevent infection and excretion of either challenge
virus. However, when compared with unvaccinated birds, vaccination reduced significantly
the length of time virus was excreted and the overall proportion of swabs that
were positive.
Descriptors: chickens, turkeys, Newcastle disease virus,
pathogenicity, outbreaks, vaccination, live vaccines, intramuscular injection,
application methods, immune response, antibodies, clinical aspects, symptoms,
species differences, Great Britain.
Bensink,
Z.; Spradbrow, P. Newcastle disease virus strain I2--a prospective thermostable vaccine
for use in developing countries. Veterinary
Microbiology. Aug 16, 1999. v. 68 (1/2) p. 131-139.
ISSN: 0378-1135 Note: In the special issue: Veterinary Virology
in Australia / edited by G.E. Wilcox.
Paper presented at a conference held September
24-26, 1998,
Melbourne.
NAL
call no: SF601.V44
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus strains,
vaccines, heat stability, evaluation, virulence, application methods, oral administration,
antibodies, vaccination.
Berinstein,
A.; Seal, B.S.; Zanetti, F.; Kaloghlian, A.; Segade, G.; Carrillo, E. Newcastle disease virus surveillance in Argentina: use of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and
sequencing for molecular typification. Avian Diseases. Oct/Dec 1999. v. 43 (4) p. 792-797. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) remains
a major pathogen of poultry where highly virulent strains require reporting
to the Office of International Epizootes. NDV is a paramyxovirus existing as
different strains classified on the basis of severity of the disease they cause.
The present study was conducted in Argentina to determine the prevalence
of highly virulent velogenic NDV strains in commercial poultry farms. Tracheal
and cloacal swabs from 693 flocks, representing 14% of the broiler production,
were collected and pooled. A pool amplified twice in embryonated eggs presented
a limited hemagglutination titer. We performed reverse transcription coupled
to polymerase chain reaction to amplify fusion and matrix protein gene sequences
of the isolate and the strain Trenque Lauquen, isolated in Argentina during an outbreak in
1970-71 and previously characterized as velogenic viscerotropic by biological
methods. The amino acid sequences were deduced from nucleotide sequences of
the amplification products and the pathotype predicted according to the sequences
obtained. From the samples analysed, we found only one type of NDV, being the
isolate identified as lentogenic NDV. This strain is probably the one used in
vaccination of flocks where that sample was obtained. These data have allowed
us to consider a velogenic NDV-free status in Argentina's commercial poultry.
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease virus, disease
surveys, reverse transcription, polymerase chain reaction, molecular sequence
data, nucleotide sequences, amino acid sequences, pathotypes phylogenetics,
Argentina.
Brown,
C.; King, D.J.; Seal, B. Detection of a macrophage-specific antigen
and the production of interferon gamma in chickens infected with Newcastle disease virus. Avian Diseases. Oct/Dec 1999. v. 43 (4) p. 696-703. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded spleen and
intestinal tissues were harvested at 2 days postinfection from 4-wk-old white
rock chickens infected with five different strains of Newcastle disease virus
(NDV). These tissues were examined for the presence of macrophage antigen expression,
virus replication, and interferon gamma (IFNgamma) production. The five strains
represented all three NDV pathotypes. Viral replication and IFNgamma, as determined
by riboprobe in situ hybridization, were detected only in those chickens infected
with velogenic viscerotropic NDV (VVNDV) strains. Macrophage antigen expression,
an indicator of macrophage activation, was determined by immunohistochemistry
with a macrophage-specific antibody, CVI-ChNL-68.1. Presence of macrophage antigen
was most prominent in VVNDV-infected chickens. The distribution of this antigen
within tissues was far more diffuse than the staining for viral mRNA. The presence
of IFNgamma mRNA was detected in the spleen and intestinal lymphoid tissue of
VVNDV-infected chickens. There was also increased macrophage antigen expression
in the mesogen-infected birds, but it was less dramatic than in tissues from
VVNDV-infected chickens. One of two lentogen-infected birds had evidence of
increased macrophage antigen expression only in the spleen.
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease virus, interferon,
macrophage activation, antigens, macrophages, pathotypes, viral replication,
messenger RNA.
Brown,
C.C.; King, D.J.; Seal, B.S. Comparison
of pathology-based techniques for detection of viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease virus in chickens. Journal of Comparative
Pathology. May 1999. v. 120 (4) p. 383-389. ISSN: 0021-9975
NAL
call no: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease virus, detection,
viral proteins, immunohistochemistry, diagnostic techniques, spleen, cecum,
eyelids, bursa Fabricii, small intestine, riboprobe in situ hybridization.
Brown,
C.; King, D.J.; Seal, B.S. Pathogenesis
of Newcastle disease in chickens experimentally infected with viruses of
different virulence.
Veterinary
Pathology.
Mar 1999. v. 36 (2) p. 125-132. ISSN: 0300-9858
NAL
call no: 41.8 P27
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease virus, virulence,
pathotypes, pathogenesis, experimental infections, histopathology, nucleic acids,
viral replication.
Crespo,
R.; Shivaprasad, H.L.; Woolcock, P.R.; Nordhousen, R.; Chin, R.P. Macroscopic
and microscopic pathology of an exotic Newcastle disease outbreak. Proceedings of ... Western Poultry Disease
Conference. Davis, Calif.: University of California. 1999. (48) p. 108-109.
Note:
Meeting held on April 24-27, 1999, Vancouver, Canada.
NAL
call no: SF995.W4
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease virus, California.
Crespo,
R.; Shivaprasad, H.L.; Woolcock, P.R.; Chin, R.P.; Davidson -York, D.; Tarbell,
R. Exotic Newcastle disease in a game chicken flock. Avian Diseases.
Apr/June 1999. v. 43 (2) p. 349-355. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish
summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: A sudden increase in mortality, preceded by
a short history of respiratory signs and diarrhea, occurred in a backyard flock
of 48 game chickens in the Central Valley of California. Necropsy findings included
severe generalized linear hemorrhages and/or ulcers in the digestive tract,
larynx, and trachea. Histology revealed severe multifocal hemorrhages and necrosis
in the mucosa of the respiratory and digestive tracts, vasculitis, and necrosis
of lymphoid tissue. The birds were serologically negative to Newcastle disease virus; this was
consistent with an acute infection. The avian paramyxovirus type 1 isolated
was characterized as velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus. A thorough
epidemiologic investigation was carried out, and no other premises were found
to have birds with clinical signs or evidence of exposure. The entire outbreak
was limited to the original backyard flock and resolved within 14 days of the
onset of clinical signs.
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease, Newcastle disease virus, flocks,
clinical aspects, spread, outbreaks, case reports, California.
Deng,
R.; Wang, Z.; Mahon, P.J.; Marinello, M.;
Mirza, A.; Iorio, R.M. Mutations in the
Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein that interfere with
its ability to interact with the homologous F protein in the promotion of fusion.
Virology. Jan
5, 1999.
v. 253 (1) p. 43-54. ISSN: 0042-6822
NAL
call no: 448.8 V81
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, fusion
protein, fusion process, genetic mutation.
Empel,
P. van; Vrijenhoek, M.; Goovaerts, D.; van den Bosch, H. Immunohistochemical and serological investigation of experimental Ornithobacterium
rhinotracheale infection in chickens. Avian
Pathology. Apr 1999. v. 28 (2) p. 187-193.: ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: Immunohistochemical techniques were used to
prove that Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale was the causative agent of lesions
in the air sacs and lungs in chickens, but only after infection with Newcastle
Disease virus (NDV). At first, the bacteria attached to the epithelium of the
air sacs. Subsequently, they infiltrated the air sacs, and caused thickening
of the air sacs, the formation of oedematous and granulomatous tissue, and accumulation
of macrophages. The infection peaked at 5 to 9 days, after which recovery was
seen. In the lungs, some areas with bronchially-associated lymphoid tissue were
affected. The other organs investigated were shown not to be affected. In the
absence of NDV infection, aerosol exposure of chickens to O. rhinotracheale
only resulted in minimal and temporary microscopic air sac lesions. No O. rhinotracheale
cells or fragments could be detected at any time point later than 2 days post-exposure.
In spite of the absence of visible lesions, chickens exposed to O. rhinotracheale
without prior NDV infection reacted serologically. The duration and the titre
of this immune response was indistinguishable from that obtained in chickens
exposed after NDV infection. Thus, infection with O. rhinotracheale appears
to be restricted to the respiratory tract, with lesions only evident in birds
previously infected with NDV, even though a strong serological response can
be established in the absence of prior viral infection.
Descriptors: chickens, Ornithobacterium
rhinotracheale, experimental infections, disease course, immunohistochemistry,
serology, air sacs, lungs.
Foster,
H.A.; Chitukuro, H.R.; Tuppa, E.; Mwanjala, T.; Kusila, C. Thermostable newcastle disease vaccines in Tanzania.
Veterinary Microbiology. Aug 16, 1999. v. 68 (1/2) p. 127-130.
ISSN: 0378-1135 Note: In the special issue: Veterinary Virology
in Australia / edited by G.E. Wilcox.
Paper presented at a conference held September
24-26, 1998,
Melbourne.
NAL
call no: SF601.V44
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, vaccines,
heat stability, evaluation, villages, eyes, application methods, medicated feeds,
disease prevention, Tanzania.
Gagic,
M.; St.
Hill,
C.A.; Sharma, J.M. In ovo vaccination of specific-pathogen-free
chickens with vaccines containing multiple agents. Avian Diseases.
Apr/June 1999. v. 43 (2) p. 293-301. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: We used in ovo technology to protect chickens
against multiple diseases by inoculating vaccines containing mixtures of live
viral agents. A single in ovo injection of a vaccine containing serotypes 1,
2, and 3 of Marek's disease virus (MDV), a vaccine strain of serotype 1 infectious
bursal disease virus (IBDV), and recombinant fowl pox vaccine with HN and F
genes of Newcastle disease virus (rFP-NDV) induced protection against virulent
MDV, IBDV, Newcastle disease virus, and fowl poxvirus. The multiple-agent vaccine
induced specific antibodies against the viral agents present in the mixture
and did not adversely affect the survival of hatched chickens. Inoculation of
a vaccine containing serotypes 1, 2, and 3 of MDV and IBDV did not affect hatchability
of eggs, although the addition of rFP-NDV to the mixture reduced hatchability
by 23%-26%. In ovo vaccination with a vaccine containing MDV and IBDV vaccine
viruses did not exacerbate the inhibitory effect of individual viral agents
on humoral and cellular immune competence.
Descriptors: chickens, vaccination, eggs, live vaccines,
combined vaccines, antibody formation, disease prevention, egg hatchability,
immune competence, Marek's disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus, Newcastle disease virus.
Glaser,
L.C.; Barker, I.K.; Weseloh, D.V.C.; Ludwig, J.; Windingstad, R.M.; Key, D.W.;
Bollinger, T.K. The 1992 epizootic of
Newcastle disease in double-crested cormorants in North America. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. Apr 1999. v. 35 (2) p. 319-330. ISSN: 0090-3558
NAL
call no: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: Phalacrocorax auritus, cormorants, wild bird
disease, epidemiology, Newcastle disease virus, North America.
Gohm,
D.S.; Thur, B.; Audige, L.; Hofmann, M.A. A
survey of Newcastle disease in Swiss laying-hen flocks using serological testing
and simulation modelling. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. Feb 15, 1999. v. 38 (4) p. 277-288.
ISSN: 0167-5877
NAL
call no: SF601.P7
Descriptors: hens, Newcastle disease, Newcastle disease virus,
surveys, simulation models, mathematical models, serological surveys, vaccination,
outbreaks, infections, detection, ELISA, disease prevalence, clinical aspects, symptoms,
asymptomatic infections, computer techniques, Switzerland.
Graham,
D.A.; German, A.; Abernethy, D.; McCullough, S.J.; Manvell, R.J.; Alexander,
D.J. Isolation of ortho- and
paramyxoviruses from wild birds in Northern Ireland during the 1997 Newcastle disease epizootic. The Veterinary
Record. July 3, 1999. v. 145 (1) p. 20-21.
ISSN: 0042-4900
NAL
call no: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: wild birds, waterfowl, Orthomyxoviridae, paramyxovirus,
isolation, outbreaks, Newcastle disease, Northern Ireland.
Granzow,
H.; Weiland, F.; Mundt, E.; Kollner, B.; Werner, O. Intranuclear inclusions in cells infected with Newcastle Disease Virus.
Journal
of Veterinary Medicine. Series B.
Aug 1999. v. 46 (6) p. 411-421. ISSN: 0931-1793
NAL
call no: 41.8 Z52
Descriptors: cell cultures, Newcastle disease virus, infections,
symptoms, nuclei, clinical aspects, cytoplasm, cell ultrastructure, coat proteins,
immunocytochemistry, viral proteins.
Haddad,
E.E.; Whitfill, C.E.; Avakian, A.P.; Clark, F.D.; Van Zant, P.D.; Link, D.B.;
Wakenell, P.S. In ovo vaccination with a novel Newcastle disease vaccine in SPF and broiler embryos; evaluation of
safety and efficacy.
Proceedings
of ... Western Poultry Disease Conference. Davis, Calif.: University of California. 1999. (48) p. 117. Note:
Meeting held on April 24-27, 1999, Vancouver, Canada
NAL
call no: SF995.W4
Descriptors: chick embryos, ovo vaccination, Newcastle disease virus.
Hansson,
E.; Young, J.G.; Hooper, P.T.; Della-Porta, A.J. Virulence and transmissibility of some Australian and exotic strains of
Newcastle disease virus used in some vaccines. Australian
Veterinary Journal. Jan 1999. v. 77 (1) p. 51-53. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL
call no: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, vaccines,
virulence, strain differences, spread by aerosols, disease transmission, tracheitis,
seroconversion, Australia.
Harrison,
A.; Girshick, T. The use of western blotting in epidemiologic
studies of common virus diseases. Proceedings
of ... Western Poultry Disease Conference. Davis, Calif.: University of California. 1999. (48) p. 117-118.
Note: Meeting held on April
24-27, 1999,
Vancouver, Canada.
NAL
call no: SF995.W4
Descriptors: avian influenzavirus,
Newcastle disease virus, infectious
bronchitis virus, western blotting technique.
Heckert,
R.A.; Nagy, E. Evaluation of the hemagglutination-inhibition assay using a baculovirus-expressed
hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein for detection of Newcastle disease virus antibodies. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. Jan 1999. v.
11 (1) p. 99-102. ISSN: 1040-6387
NAL
call no: SF774.J68
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, antibody
testing, hemagglutination inhibition test, recombinant antigens.
Herczeg,
J.; Wehmann, E.; Bragg, R.R.; Travassos-Dias, P.M.; Hadjiev, G.; Werner, O.;
Lomniczi, B. Two novel genetic groups (VIIb and VIII) responsible for recent Newcastle disease outbreaks in southern Africa, one (VIIb)
of which reached southern Europe.
Archives
of Virology. 1999.
v. 144 (11) p. 2087-2099. ISSN: 0304-8608
NAL
call no: 448.3 Ar23
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, genetic
distance, strain differences, amino acid sequences, animal testing alternatives,
restriction fragment length polymorphism, phylogenetics, South Africa. Mozambique, Bulgaria, Turkey.
Genetic sequence data: genbank/af136762. genbank/af136763.
genbank/af136764. genbank/af136765. genbank/af136766. genbank/af136767. genbank/af136768.
genbank/af136769. genbank/af136770. genbank/af136771. genbank/af136772. genbank/af136773.
genbank/af136774. genbank/af136775. genbank/af136776. genbank/af136777. genbank/af136778.
genbank/af136779. genbank/af136780. genbank/af136781. genbank/af136782. genbank/af136783.
genbank/af136784. genbank/af136785. genbank/af136786.
Hooper,
P.T.; Russell, G.M.; Morrow, C.J.; Segal, Y. Lentogenic
newcastle disease virus and respiratory disease in Australian broiler
chickens.
Australian
Veterinary Journal. Jan 1999. v. 77 (1) p. 53-54. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL
call no: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: broilers, Newcastle disease virus, tracheitis,
histopathology, Australia.
Hooper,
P.T.; Hansson, E.; Young, J.G.; Russell, G.M.; Della Porta, A.J. Lesions in the upper respiratory tract in
chickens experimentally infected with Newcastle disease viruses isolated in
Australia. Australian Veterinary Journal. Jan 1999. v. 77 (1) p. 50-51. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL
call no: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease virus, lesions,
respiratory system, experimental infections, pathogenicity, viral antigens,
avirulence, Australia.
Jorgensen,
P.H.; Handberg, K.J.; Ahrens, P.; Hansen, H.C.; Manvell, R.J.; Alexander, D.J.
An outbreak
of Newcastle disease in free-living pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Journal
of Veterinary Medicine. Series B.
Aug 1999. v. 46 (6) p. 381-387. ISSN:
0931-1793
NAL
call no: 41.8 Z52
Descriptors: pheasants, Newcastle disease, Newcastle disease
virus, outbreaks, epidemiology, mortality, epidemics, pathogenicity, disease
transmission, strain differences, virulence, amino acid sequences, polymerase
chain reaction, identification, Denmark.
Juang,
Y.T.; Au, W.C.; Lowther, W.; Hiscott, J.; Pitha, P.M. Lipopolysaccharide inhibits virus-mediated induction of interferon genes
by disruption of nuclear transport of interferon regulatory factors 3 and 7. The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
June 18,
1999.
v. 274 (25) p. 18060-18066. ISSN: 0021-9258
NAL
call no: 381 J824
Descriptors: mice, macrophages, cell lines, Newcastle disease
virus, stimulation, interferon, interleukin-6, gene expression, messenger RNA,
transcription, transcription factors, phosphorylation, protein transport, nuclei,
inhibition, lipopolysaccharides.
Kim,
I.J.; Gagic, M.; Sharma, J.M. Recovery
of antibody-producing ability and lymphocyte repopulation of bursal follicles
in chickens exposed to infectious bursal disease virus. Avian Diseases.
July/Sept 1999. v. 43 (3) p. 401-413. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: We studied the long-term effect of infectious
bursal disease virus (IBDV) in chickens. Specifically, the restoration of virus-induced
bursal lesions and the duration of humoral immunodeficiency were examined. One-week-old
specific-pathogen-free chickens were intraocularly inoculated with an intermediate
vaccine strain (IBDV-Vac) or a virulent strain (IM-IBDV). At intervals postinoculation
(PI), chickens were examined for histopathologic lesions. At 1, 3, 5, 10, or
15 wk PI, the chickens were injected with a mixture of antigens, and primary
antibody responses were examined at 10 days postimmunization. Initially, the
virus caused extensive necrosis of bursal B lymphocytes. This lesion was accompanied
by an infiltration of T lymphocytes. With time, the necrotic lesion in the bursa
was resolved. The follicles became partly repopulated with B lymphocytes. The
repopulation occurred faster in the chickens exposed to IBDV-Vac than in the
chickens exposed to IM-IBDV. By 7 wk PI, 40% and 80% of bursal follicles in
IM-IBDV- and IBDV-Vac-inoculated chickens, respectively, were repopulated with
immunoglobulin M+ B lymphocytes. Both IBDV-Vac and IM-caused suppression of
the primary antibody response to antigens. However, the antibody responses of
the chickens exposed to either of the two IBDV strains used were compromised
only during the first 6 wk of virus exposure. Subsequently, the antibody response
returned to near normal levels.
Descriptors: chickens, infectious bursal disease virus, antibody
formation, humoral immunity, lymphocytes, bursa Fabricii, lesions, viral immunosuppression,
duration, tetanus toxoid, Newcastle disease virus, Brucella abortus, vaccination.
King,
D.J. A comparison of the onset of protection induced by Newcastle disease virus strain B1 and a fowl poxvirus recombinant Newcastle disease vaccine to a viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease virus challenge. Avian Diseases. Oct/Dec 1999. v. 43 (4) p. 745-755. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish
summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Four-week-old specific-pathogen-free white rock
chickens were immunized with either a commercial recombinant fowl poxvirus-vectored
Newcastle disease vaccine (FP-N)
expressing the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion protein genes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain
B1 or live NDV B1. Vaccinates and controls were challenged by eyedrop and intranasal
(E/I) route with a viscerotropic velogenic NDV at 14 days postvaccination to
determine the time of clearance of challenge virus. In a subsequent experiment,
chickens were challenged at 3, 6, or 10 days postvaccination to determine the
onset of immunity. Chickens that received a recommended field dose (1x) or a
0.01 x dose of FP-N subcutaneously (SC) and were seropositive by hemagglutination-inhibition
test at 14 days postvaccination cleared the challenge virus by 14 days postchallenge.
Clinical Newcastle disease and high challenge
virus titers in tissues were seen only in seronegative FP-N 0.01 x dose vaccinates
and controls. In a comparison of vaccination with FP-N (1x, 10(4.9) median tissue
culture infective dose) SC, B1 (10(6) median egg infective dose [EID(50)]) SC,
or B1 (10(6) EID(50)) E/I, chickens vaccinated at 6 or 10 days before challenge
with all vaccines were protected against clinical disease, but only those vaccinated
with B1 E/I 10 days before challenge were protected against infection with the
challenge virus. Vaccination at 3 days before challenge with B1 E/I provided
early protection, but severe nervous signs developed later and reduced overall
protection to 60%, whereas disease in chickens vaccinated with B1 SC and FP-N
SC 3 days before challenge was similar to the challenge controls.
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease virus, fowl pox
virus, recombinant vaccines, live vaccines, vaccination, subcutaneous injection,
disease prevention, immunity, seroconversion.
Kuiken,
T.; Wobeser, G.; Leighton, F.A.; Haines, D.M.; Chelack, B.; Bogdan, J.; Hassard,
L.; Heckert, R.A.; Riva, J. Pathology
of Newcastle disease in double-crested cormorants from Saskatchewan, with comparison
of diagnostic methods. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. Jan 1999. v. 35 (1) p. 8-23. ISSN: 0090-3558
NAL
call no: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: Phalacrocorax auritus, cormorants, histopathology,
central nervous system, diagnostic tests, comparison study.
Lee,
J. Newcastle disease: protecting poultry farmers on two fronts. Agricultural
Research. Oct 1999. v. 47 (10) p. 16-17.: ISSN:
0002-161X
NAL
call no: 1.98 Ag84
Descriptors: poultry protection, Newcastle disease, Newcastle disease virus, protective
measures.
Leeuw,
O. de,; Peeters, B. Complete nucleotide sequence of Newcastle disease virus: evidence for the existence of a new genus within
the subfamily Paramyxovirinae. The Journal of General Virology. Jan 1999. v. 80 (pt.1) p. 131-136. ISSN: 0022-1317
NAL
call no: QR360.A1J6
Abstract: We have completely sequenced the genome of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine
strain LaSota. The sequences of the 3'- and 5'-terminal ends of the RNA genome
were determined by sequencing cDNA fragments generated by rapid amplification
of cDNA ends. The entire genomic sequence, which was established by sequencing
cDNA fragments generated by high-fidelity RT-PCR, consists of 15 186 nt. Comparison
of the 5'-terminal sequence of NDV LaSota with the 5'-terminal sequences of
ten members of the Paramyxovirinae showed that NDV LaSota has an unusually long
5' untranscribed region. Comparison of the entire genomic sequences showed that
NDV is only distantly related to the other members of the genus Rubulavirus,
to which NDV has been assigned. In this paper we present data which suggest
that NDV should not be classified in the genus Rubulavirus, but instead should
be considered as a member of a new genus within the subfamily Paromyxovirinae.
Descriptors: nucleotide sequences, chemotaxonomy, new genus,
taxonomic status, taxonomic revisions, Paromyxovirinae.
Molecular sequence data: genbank/af077761.
Li,
Y.C.; Ledoux, D.R.; Bermudez, A.J.; Fritsche, K.L.; Rottinghaus, G.E. Effects
of fumonisin B1 on selected immune responses in broiler chicks. Poultry
Science. Sept 1999. v. 78 (9) p. 1275-1282. ISSN: 0032-5791
NAL
call no: 47.8 Am33P
Abstract: Three experiments were conducted to evaluate
immune responses in chicks fed fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)). Day-old male chicks were
randomly allotted to dietary treatments: 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg FB(1)/kg diet.
In Experiment 1, chicks were fed diets for 3 wk and were injected intravenously
with 4.6 x 10(6) Escherichia coli on Day 21. Blood samples were collected at
60, 120, and 180 min postinjection, and liver, spleen, and lung were collected
after 180 min. Chicks fed 200 mg FB(1)/ kg diet had significantly higher numbers
of bacterial colonies in blood, spleen, and liver (P < 0.05) than control
chicks. In Experiment 2, chicks were placed on the diets for 4 wk and were injected
with 0.5 mL inactivated Newcastle Disease virus vaccine on Weeks 2 and 3 of
the experiment, and primary and secondary antibody titers were measured 7 d
after each injection. The secondary antibody response in chicks fed 200 mg FB(1)/kg
diet was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of control chicks. In Experiment
3, lymphocyte proliferation in chicks exposed to FB(1) in vivo or in vitro was
determined. Results of the in vivo study showed that cell proliferation in response
to mitogens was lower (P < 0.05) in chicks fed 200 mg FB(1)/kg diet than
in control chicks. For the in vitro study, cell proliferation was lower (P <
0.05) when cells were exposed to greater than or equal to 2.5 micrograms FB(1)/mL.
Data of the current study suggested that FB(1) is immunosuppressive in chicks
when present in the ration at 200 mg FB(1)/kg diet.
Descriptors: broiler chicks, fumonisins, dosage, Escherichia coli, experimental infections, immune
response, vaccination, inactivated vaccines, Newcastle disease virus, antibody
formation, lymphocyte transformation, infection, immunosuppressive agents, liver, spleen, lungs,
mitogens, responses.
Maas, R.A.; Oei, H.L.; Venema-Kemper, S.; Koch, G.;
Bongers, J. Dose-response effects of inactivated Newcastle disease vaccines: influence of serologic assay, time after
vaccination, and type of chickens. Avian Diseases. Oct/Dec 1999. v. 43 (4) p. 670-677. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Knowledge of the dose-response relation of inactivated
vaccines and of the factors that influence this relation is essential for the
evaluation of existing vaccine potency assays and the development of new potency
assays that are based on the antigen content of the inactivated vaccines. We
quantified the relation between vaccine dose, serologic response, and clinical
protection after vaccination for three different inactivated Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines.
Qualitatively, similar dose-response curves were obtained for the three vaccines
when either the serologic response or the clinical protection of specific-pathogen-free
(SPF) chickens was plotted against the different vaccine doses applied. However,
the vaccines differed quantitatively: doses of vaccines that induced similar
antibody titers or clinical protection differed 2-8-fold. In contrast with the
narrow range of antibody titers induced by a full vaccine dose, a very broad
range of titers was obtained after dilution of the vaccines. At least 95% of
the SPF chickens with detectable antibody in the serum were protected against
a challenge with virulent Herts ND virus. The relation between
the dosage of two different ND vaccines and the serum antibody titers remained
markedly constant between 3 and 18 wk after vaccination. Vaccination of broilers
instead of layers with a dilution series of inactivated ND vaccine resulted
in significantly lower antibody levels and less clinical protection against
virulent challenge. In conclusion, despite quantitative differences, we found
comparable dose-response relations for the three inactivated ND vaccines studied.
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease virus, inactivated
vaccines, strains, vaccination, dosage, potency, immune response, disease prevention.
Makkay,
A.M.; Krell, P.J.; Nagy, E. Antibody detection-based differential ELISA
for NDV-infected or vaccinated chickens versus NDV HN-subunit vaccinated chickens.
Veterinary Microbiology. Apr 19, 1999. v. 66 (3) p. 209-222. ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL
call no: SF601.V44
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease virus, ELISA,
antibodies, detection, infections, vaccination, vaccines, diagnosis, coat proteins,
amino acid sequences.
Mtambo,
M.M.A.; Mushi, E.J.; Kinabo, L.D.B.; Maeda-Machang'u, A.; Mwamengele, G.L.M.; Yongolo, M.G.S.; Temu, R.P.C. Evaluation of the efficacy of the crude extracts
of Capsicum frutescens, Citrus limon and Opuntia vulgaris against Newcastle
disease in domestic fowl in Tanzania. Journal
of Ethnopharmacology.
Dec 15, 1999. v. 68 (1/3) p. 55-61.
ISSN: 0378-8741
NAL
call no: RS160.J6
Descriptors: herbal treatment for Newcastle disease, domestic fowl,
pepper, lemon, Opuntia cactus, Tanzania.
Muller,
T.; Hlinak, A.; Muhle, R.U.; Kramer, M.; Liebherr, H.; Ziedler, K.; Pfeiffer,
D.U. A
descriptive analysis of the potential association between migration patterns
of bean and white-fronted geese and the occurrence of Newcastle disease outbreaks in domestic birds. Avian Diseases. Apr/June 1999. v. 43 (2) p. 315-319. ISSN: 0005-2086
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: The sightings and migration patterns of 65 bean
(Anser fabalis) and 65 white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) are reported. In
the past, these geese were serologically screened for the occurrence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and
other avian viral diseases by Hlinak et al. Of the 130 birds originally tagged
and serologically screened in 1991, 53 birds were resighted between 1991 and
1996. Most of the sightings were reported from main wintering and resting sites
in Germany and The Netherlands. It
is noteworthy that 19 of the 53 birds sighted had serologic evidence that they
had been exposed to NDV before the time of marking in 1991. Although the origin
of these infections in bean geese and white-fronted geese is still unknown,
the sightings reported in this study indicate that, once infected, wild geese
may be involved in the dissemination and spread of avian viral diseases, specifically
Newcastle disease. The migration
patterns of the wild geese provided further evidence that the main resting and
wintering areas of migratory waterfowl are likely to be important for the inter-
and intraspecies transmission of avian diseases, thereby representing risk areas
for the poultry industry.
Descriptors: geese, Newcastle disease virus, migration,
outbreaks, spread, disease transmission, Germany, Netherlands, Anser fabalis, Anser
albifrons.
Nara, P.L. The status and role of vaccines in the U.S. food animal industry: implications for biological terrorism. Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences v. 894. Food
and Agricultural Security Guarding Against
Natural Threats and Terrorist Attacks Affecting Health, National Food Supplies,
and Agricultural Economics. New York: New York Academy of Sciences. 1999. p.
206-217. ISBN: 1573312304. Note: Paper
presented at the "International Conference on Food and Agricultural Security,"
September 28-30, 1998, in Washington, D.C.
NAL
call no: 500 N484 v. 894
Descriptors: meat and livestock industry, vaccines, biological
warfare, terrorism, disease prevention, disease control, avian influenzavirus,
Newcastle disease virus, foot and mouth disease, aphthovirus, rinderpest virus,
African swine fever virus, swine fever virus, USA.
Peeters,
B.P.H.; de Leeuw, O.S.; Koch, G.; Gielkens,
A.L.J. Rescue of Newcastle disease virus from cloned cDNA: evidence that cleavability
of the fusion protein is a major determinant for virulence. Journal
of Virology. June 1999. v. 73 (6) p. 5001-5009. ISSN: 0022-538X
NAL
call no: QR360.J6
Descriptors: complementary DNA, cloning,
pathogenicity, chickens.
Rautenschlein,
S.; Sharma, J.M. Response of turkeys
to simultaneous vaccination with hemorrhagic enteritis and Newcastle disease virus. Avian Diseases. Apr/June 1999. v. 43 (2) p. 286-292. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: The effects of single and combined vaccination
of turkeys against hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were
investigated. Dual vaccination of turkeys with NDV-B1 and HEVp30 or marble spleen
disease virus (MSDV) enhanced white mottling of the spleens and the apoptosis
rate in spleen cells (P < 0.05). In addition, simultaneously vaccinated turkeys
had fewer HEV-infected spleen cells at 4 days postvaccination than turkeys given
HEVp30 or MSDV alone. The anti-HEV antibody response was significantly reduced
at 14 days postvaccination (P < 0.05), whereas the anti-NDV antibody response
was enhanced (P < 0.05) in turkeys vaccinated with HEVp30 + NDV-Bl. Further,
the effect of dual vaccination on macrophage function was studied. Spleen cells
from NDV-B1-vaccinated turkeys were primed to produce nitric oxide (NO) after
stimulation in vitro with lipopolysaccharide. Spleen cells from HEVp30- or MSDV-vaccinated
turkeys did not produce NO after in vitro stimulation. In dual-vaccinated turkeys,
the priming effect of NDV-B1 was reduced in comparison with single-inoculated
birds. Descriptors: turkeys, vaccination, combined vaccines, vaccines,
hemorrhagic enteritis virus, Newcastle disease virus, lesions,
viral replication, antibody formation, macrophage activation.
Reynolds,
D.L.; Maraqa, A.D. A rapid virus neutralization assay for Newcastle disease virus with the swine testicular continuous cell line.
Avian Diseases. July/Sept 1999. v. 43 (3) p. 564-571.: ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Five continuous cell lines, swine testicular
(ST), human rectal tumor (HRT 18), fetal rhesus monkey kidney (MA104), bovine
turbinate (BT), and quail tracheal (QT35), were evaluated and compared with
chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) for their ability to propagate B1 or Texas
GB strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The NDV Texas GB strain replicated
in all the continuous cell lines used in this study. Only the ST and QT35 cells
produced a cytopathic effect (CPE) similar to that produced in CEFs. However,
the ST cell line remained attached while displaying CPE, whereas infected QT35
cells detached, as did the CEFs. The B1 strain of NDV replicated in ST cells,
MA104 cells, and CEFs but with less CPE as compared with the Texas GB strain.
Pretreatment with trypsin did not enhance CPE with either NDV strain at the
level tested. Sera evaluated for neutralizing antibody titers to NDV were significantly
higher in titer when the ST cell line was used and compared with CEFs. A high
correlation was found between the microscopic examination and the tetrazolium
dye (MTT) microassay methods for determining the viral neutralization endpoint,
thus suggesting the ST cell line and MTT microassay could be used as an alternative
to CEFs and microscopic examination for evaluating neutralizing antibodies titers
to NDV.
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, virus neutralization,
rapid methods, cell lines, testes, viral replication.
Reynolds,
D.L.; Maraqa, A.D. A technique for inducing B-cell ablation in chickens by in ovo injection
of cyclophosphamide. Avian Diseases. July/Sept 1999. v. 43 (3) p. 367-375. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: The effect of cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment
in ovo on avian B and T cells was studied. CY was injected in ovo on the 16th,
17th, and 18th days of incubation. Blood samples were collected periodically
from CY-treated and nontreated birds after hatch and were used to measure blood
lymphocyte responses to the T-cell and B-cell mitogens, concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide
(LPS), respectively. Additionally, flow cytometric analysis was used to determine
the presence of B and T cells in peripheral blood, and birds were vaccinated
with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antigen at 3 wk of age and booster vaccinated
at 5 wk of age CY treatment reduced hatchability by 35%-40%, increased mortality
by 3%-5% within the first 2 wk of life, and induced a significant retardation
in body weight gains. At 2 wk of age, approximately 50% of CY-treated birds
were devoid of B-cell mitogenic responsiveness while demonstrating significant
T-cell mitogenic responsiveness. However, B-cell responses were observed at
4 and 6 wk from a small percentage of birds that were originally T-cell responsive
and B-cell nonresponsive at 2 wk of age. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral
blood lymphocytes revealed that CY-treated birds had significantly less B cells
(or were devoid of B cells) than the corresponding nontreated control birds.
However, no significant difference in the T-cell percentage was observed between
CY-treated and nontreated birds. CY-treated birds did not produce detectable
antibodies specific for NDV during the first and second weeks postvaccination,
as demonstrated by hemagglutination inhibition assay. However, antibodies were
detected in some CY-treated birds 10 days postbooster. Those antibody-positive
birds were found to be the same birds that had subsequently responded to the
LPS mitogen on the blastogenesis microassay. This study indicates the importance
of monitoring the B- and T-cell responses in CY-treated birds to identify those
birds in which B-cell regeneration may have occurred.
Descriptors: chick embryos, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes,
ablation, cyclophosphamide injection, concanavalin
A, lipopolysaccharides, hatching, blood,
flow cytometry, Newcastle disease virus, lymphocyte transformation, vaccination,
antibody formation, liveweight gain, mortality.
Romer-Oberdorfer,
A.; Mundt, E.; Mebatsion, T.; Buchholz, U.J.; Mettenleiter, T.C. Generation
of recombinant lentogenic Newcastle disease virus from cDNA. The Journal of General Virology. Nov 1999. v. 80 (pt.11) p. 2987-2995. ISSN: 0022-1317
NAL
call no: QR360.A1J6
Abstract: Recombinant lentogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of
the vaccine strain Clone-30 was reproducibly generated after simultaneous expression
of antigenome-sense NDV RNA and NDV nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein and RNA-dependent
RNA polymerase from plasmids transfected into cells stably expressing T7 RNA
polymerase. For this purpose, the genome of Clone-30, comprising 15186 nt, was
cloned and sequenced prior to assembly into a full-length cDNA clone under control
of a T7 RNA polymerase promoter. Recombinant virus was amplified by inoculation
of transfection supernatant into the allantoic cavity of embryonated specific-pathogen-free
(SPF) chicken eggs. Two marker restriction sites comprising a total of five
nucleotide changes artificially introduced into noncoding regions were present
in the progeny virus. The recombinant NDV was indistinguishable from the parental
wild-type virus with respect to its growth characteristics in cell culture and
in embryonated eggs. Moreover, an intracerebral pathogenicity index of 0.29
was obtained for both viruses as determined by intracerebral inoculation of
day-old SPF chickens, proving that the recombinant NDV is a faithful copy of
the parental vaccine strain of NDV.
Descriptors: complementary DNA, nucleotide
sequences, recombination.
Molecular sequence data: genbank/y18898.
Salle,
C.T.P.; Soares, R.B.; Ce, M.C.; Silva, A.B.; Moraes, H.L.S.; Nascimento, V.P.;
Guahyba, A.S. Immune response assessment in turkey breeders
vaccinated against Newcastle disease using mathematical models. Proceedings of ... Western Poultry Disease Conference.
Davis, Calif.: University of California. 1999. (48) p. 129. Note: Meeting held on April
24-27, 1999.
Vancouver, Canada.
NAL
call no: SF995.W4
Descriptors: turkeys, vaccination, Newcastle disease virus, immune
response.
Samina,
I.; Khinich, Y.; Gutter,
B.; Michael, A.; Peleg, B.A. Day-old vaccination with live-in-oil vaccines:
Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) in chicks
and ND in turkey poults. Avian Pathology. Feb 1999.
v. 28 (1) p. 73-78. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: One-day-old broiler chicks were vaccinated with
live Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine incorporated
in oil alone or in killed-in-oil ND vaccine. Incorporation of live vaccine in
oil emulsions was carried out just prior to vaccination. Live-in-oil ND vaccine
containing 10(6.0) median embryo lethal doses (ELD50/dose induced the same protection
following challenge and the same level of antibody at 42 days post-vaccination
as did commercial killed-in-oil ND vaccine containing about 250 times as much
antigen (10(8.4) ELD50/dose). Incorporation of live ND vaccine in killed-in-oil
vaccine contributed markedly to protection rates and antibody levels, as compared
to those obtained following vaccination with killed-in-oil vaccine only. One-day-old
turkey poults also showed the advantage of incorporation of live ND vaccine
in killed-in-oil vaccine when challenged 3 months post-vaccination. One-day-old
broiler chicks, vaccinated with live ND and infectious bursar disease vaccine
(IBD) incorporated in killed-in-oil combined ND + IBD vaccine, showed better
protection against challenge with IBDV and higher antibody levels to NDV as
compared to vaccination with killed-in-oil vaccine alone.
Descriptors: poults, chicks, live vaccines,
inactivated vaccines, combined vaccines, vaccination, Newcastle disease virus, infectious
bursal disease virus, disease prevention.
San
Roman, K.; Villar, E.; Munoz-Barroso, I. Acidic
pH enhancement of the fusion of Newcastle disease virus with cultured cells. Virology.
Aug
1, 1999.
v. 260 (2) p. 329-341. ISSN: 0042-6822
NAL
call no: 448.8 V81
Descriptors: in vitro methods, acidity,
fusion of cells and virus.
Scanlon,
D.B.; Corino, G.L.; Shiell, B.J.; Della-Porta, A.J.; Manvell, R.J.; Alexander,
D.J.; Hodder, A.N.; Gorman, J.J. Pathotyping
isolates of Newcastle disease virus using antipeptide antibodies to pathotype-specific
regions of their fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase proteins. Archives of Virology. 1999.
v. 144 (1) p. 55-72. ISSN: 0304-8608
NAL
call no: 448.3 Ar23
Descriptors: virulence, pathotypes, amino acid sequences,
immune serum.
Schelling,
E.; Thur, B.; Griot, C.; Audige, L. Epidemiological study of Newcastle disease in backyard poultry and wild bird populations in Switzerland.
Avian
Pathology. June 1999. v. 28 (3) p.
263-272. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: Blood samples and cloacal swabs from poultry
were collected in 107 small chicken flocks and 62 pure-bred poultry flocks to
determine their status regarding Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection.
A questionnaire emphasizing potential contacts of poultry with wild birds and
management practices associated with NDV infection was completed for each flock.
Additionally, 1576 wild bird carcasses of 115 different bird species were collected
from hunters and taxidermists. Poultry sera and tissue fluids of wild birds
were tested for NDV antibodies using a blocking ELISA. Cloacal swabs were subjected
to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for NDV genome detection.
In-herd NDV seroprevalences between 5 and 29% were found in one small chicken
flock, as well as in four pure-bred poultry flocks. NDV antibody positive wild
birds were found in 10.2% of all wild birds examined. Highest proportions (i.e.
> 15%) of positive birds per species were found among sparrowhawks, kites,
tawny owls, eagle owls, barn owls, cuckoos, swifts, cormorants and grebes. No
NDV genome was detected in cloacal swabs. This study suggests that buying eggs
or poultry abroad and exchanging poultry within the country were factors, more
important than wild birds, to explain the higher NDV seropositivity in pure-bred
poultry flocks.
Descriptors: chickens, ducks, geese,
wild birds, Newcastle disease, Newcastle disease virus, epidemiology, flocks,
inbred lines, seroprevalence, risk factors, animal husbandry, Switzerland.
Scott,
P.C.; Westbury, H.; Reece, R.; Arzey, G. Review of Newcastle disease virus in Australia. Proceedings of ... Western
Poultry Disease Conference. Davis, Calif.: University of California. 1999. (48) p. 94-95.
Note: Meeting held on April 24-27, 1999, Vancouver, Canada.
NAL
call no: SF995.W4
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease virus, Australia.
Shivaprasad,
H.L.; Rupiper, D.; Woolcock, P.R.; Woods, L. An outbreak
of Newcastle disease in exotic pheasants and doves. Proceedings of ... Western Poultry
Disease Conference. Davis, Calif.: University of California. 1999. (48) p. 43. Note:
Meeting held on April 24-27, 1999, Vancouver, Canada.
NAL
call no: SF995.W4
Descriptors: pheasants, doves, Columbidae,
Newcastle disease virus.
Stone-Hulslander,
J.; Morrison, T.G. Mutational analysis of heptad repeats in the membrane-proximal region
of newcastle disease virus HN protein.
Journal
of Virology.
May 1999. v. 73 (5) p. 3630-3637. ISSN: 0022-538X
NAL
call no: QR360.J6
Descriptors: viral hemagglutinins, sialidase, mutants, targeted
mutagenesis.
Thiagarajan,
D.; Ram, G.C.; Bansal, M.P. Optimum conditions for in vitro chicken IL-2
production and its in vivo role in Newcastle disease vaccinated chickens. Veterinary Immunology and
Immunopathology.
Jan
4, 1999.
v. 67 (1) p. 79-91. ISSN: 0165-2427
NAL
call no: SF757.2.V38
Abstract: Optimum conditions for in vitro chicken interleukin-2
(IL-2) production were studied. IL-2 containing culture supernatants were generated
by mitogen stimulation of splenic mononuclear cells (SMC) and the samples were
tested on 72 h Concanavalin A (ConA) blasts for their proliferative ability.
3H-thymidine incorporation was used as a measurement of proliferation. Higher
stimulation indices and thus maximal IL-2 production were obtained with the
following culture conditions: 5 x 10(6) cells ml-1 cultured for 24 h in the
presence of 10 micrograms ml-1 ConA in serum free Iscove's modified Dulbecco
medium. The molecule responsible for IL-2 activity was found to have a molecular
weight of 14000 as estimated by size exclusion chromatography. SMC obtained
from chickens inoculated with Newcastle disease virus were used
to study the immunomodulatory role of IL-2. The lymphocyte transformation test
was used as an in vitro correlate of cell mediated immunity in these chickens.
The mitogen responses of cells obtained from virus inoculated and control chickens
were similar on the basis of stimulation indices. Antigen specific lymphocyte
proliferation was demonstrated using SMC obtained from virus inoculated chickens.
Uptake of exogenous IL-2 by 72 h ConA blasts was of similar magnitude in both
virus inoculated and control chickens indicating that uptake of IL-2 by T lymphocytes
was normal in Newcastle disease virus inoculated chickens.
Descriptors: chickens, Newcastle disease, Newcastle disease
virus, vaccination, interleukin-2, cell cultures, monocytes, spleen cells, mitogens,
concanavalin A, cell division, protein synthesis, molecular weight, immunostimulation,
lymphocyte transformation.
Verwoerd,
D.J.; Olivier, A.; Gummow, B.; Gerdes, G.H.; Williams, R. Experimental
infection of vaccinated slaughter ostriches in a natural, open-air feedlot facility
with virulent Newcastle disease virus. Avian Diseases. July/Sept 1999. v. 43 (3) p. 442-452. ISSN: 0005-2086 Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: The presence of virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) since
the 1993-94 epidemic in southern Africa holds major implications
for the export of ostrich products from this region. A challenge experiment
with this field strain was conducted in open-air feedlot facilities under strict
biosecurity measures. The experiment was designed to follow vaccination and
preslaughter quarantine regulations currently enforced in South African export
ostrich facilities in order to determine the viremia period and immune response
under these specific circumstances. One hundred forty-three slaughter ostriches
were allocated into three test groups, according to the time period between
pretrial vaccination and challenge (1-2 mo, 2-4 mo, 4-6 mo), and an unchallenged
control group. All birds in the test groups were challenged by oral, tracheal,
and ocular routes with a field isolate of NDV. They were slaughtered over the
next 4 wk on nine separate occasions and bled on 12 occasions. Virus isolation
was attempted from seven sets of pooled samples from each bird to determine
the viremia period and the serum antibody concentrations were measured by hemagglutination
inhibition (HI) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods to establish
an immune response curve. NDV could be back-isolated only up to day 9 postinfection
and from only six ostriches with poor immune response titers and corresponding
to a rise in antibody levels above an indirect ELISA optical density reading
of 0.33. Virus could be recovered only from brain and respiratory tract tissue.
The HI test was less sensitive than the ELISA. Immune response curves did not
differ significantly between the groups and peaked on day 14 postinfection.
From these data, ELISA titers would appear to be a good indicator of the probability
that an ostrich will be clinically infected after velogenic NDV challenge. These
results also suggest that the current vaccination schedule enforced by the South
African Veterinary Authorities results in protective immunity in up to 95% of
slaughter ostriches from export approved facilities. The standard 30-day preslaughter
quarantine period introduced as part of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
control measures also appears sufficient to encompass the determined NDV viremia
period of 9-11 days in slaughter ostriches.
Descriptors: ostriches, Newcastle disease virus, experimental
infections, feedlots, vaccination, quarantine, viremia, immune response, South Africa.
Wang,
Z.Y.; Iorio, R.M. Amino acid substitutions
in a conserved region in the stalk of the Newcastle disease virus HN glycoprotein
spike impair its neuraminidase activity in the globular domain. The
Journal of General Virology. Mar 1999. v. 80 (pt. 3) p. 749-753. ISSN: 0022-1317
NAL
call no: QR360.A1J6
Abstract: The ectodomain of the paramyxovirus haemagglutinin-neuraminidase
(HN) glycoprotein spike can be divided into two regions: a membrane-proximal,
stalk-like structure and a terminal globular domain. The latter contains all
the antibody recognition sites of the protein, as well as its receptor recognition
and neuraminidase (NA) active sites. These two activities of the protein can
be separated by monoclonal antibody functional inhibition studies and mutations
in the globular domain. Herein, we show that mutation of several conserved residues
in the stalk of the Newcastle disease virus HN protein markedly decrease its
NA activity without a significant effect on receptor recognition. Thus, mutations
in the stalk, distant from the NA active site in the globular domain, can also
separate attachment and NA. These results add to an increasing body of evidence
that the NA activity of this protein is dependent on an intact stalk structure.
Descriptors: viral hemagglutinins,
sialidase, ectodomain, viral protein, mutations, NA activity.
Ward,
M.D.; Fuller, F.J.; Mehrotra, J.; De-Buysscher, E.V. The nucleoprotein
of Newcastle disease virus: the avian immune response to rNP of NDV is
not different from the response to rNP of avian influenza virus. Proceedings
of ... Western Poultry Disease Conference. Davis, Calif.: University of California. 1999. (48) p. 141. Note:
Meeting held on April 24-27, 1999. Vancouver, Canada.
NAL
call no: SF995.W4
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, nucleoproteins,
chickens, immune responses.
Ward,
M.D.; Suyemoto, M.; Qureshi, M.A.; Weinstock, D.; De-Buysscher, E.V. Experimental DNA-vaccination against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV): transient expression vectors expressing
the nucleoprotein (NP)-, or haemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN)-gene. Proceedings
of ... Western Poultry Disease Conference. Davis, Calif.: University of California. 1999. (48) p. 54-55.
Note: Meeting held on April
24-27, 1999,
Vancouver, Canada.
NAL
call no: SF995.W4
Descriptors: chickens, vaccination,
Newcastle disease, plasmid vectors,
genes.
Watson, S.A. The changing
biological warfare threat: anti-crop and anti-animal agents. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 894. Food
and Agricultural Security Guarding Against
Natural Threats and Terrorist Attacks Affecting Health, National Food Supplies,
and Agricultural Economics. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1999. 1999.
p. 159-163. ISBN: 1573312304. Note: Paper presented at the "International Conference
on Food and Agricultural Security," September 28-30, 1998, in Washington, D.C.
NAL
call no: 500 N484 v. 894
Descriptors: biological warfare, terrorism, plant diseases,
animal diseases, plant viruses, animal viruses, bacterial diseases, mycoses,
fungal diseases, meat and livestock industry, poultry industry, Newcastle disease
virus, USA.
Wehmann,
E.; Herczeg, J.; Tanyi, J.; Nagy, E.; Lomniczi, B. Lentogenic
field isolates of Newcastle disease virus isolated in Canada and Hungary are identical with the vaccine type used in the region. Avian Pathology. Feb 1999. v. 28 (1) p. 6-12. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: Lentogenic field isolates of Newcastle disease virus were examined
by restriction enzyme analysis of RT-PCR products generated from the matrix
protein gene that discriminates between strains LaSota and B-1, the two most
widely used lentogenic vaccine viruses. Isolates were derived from regions where,
exclusively or predominantly, only one type of vaccine was employed. Viruses
collected in Hungary for two decades were exclusively
of LaSota-type while the Canadian collection predominantly included B-1, which
corresponded to the vaccine types used in the regions. Isolation of vaccine
type lentogenic viruses from unvaccinated flocks supports the occurrence of
area spread of these lentogenic viruses.
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus strains, vaccines, spread,
restriction endonuclease analysis, polymerase chain reaction, Canada, Hungary,
apathogenic strains.
Wu,
H.Y.; Chiou, S.H.; Shien, J.H.; Chang, P.C.; Shieh, H.K. Detection of proteins and nucleic acids of Newcastle disease virus in
Eimeria acervulina. Avian Pathology. Oct
1999. v. 28 (5) p. 441-445. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: Ten-day-old specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens
were inoculated simultaneously with Eimeria acervulina and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). By
employing immunofluorescent staining and in situ hybridization techniques, we
detected NDV proteins and nucleic acids in different life stages of E. acervulina.
However, no NDV particle was found within E. acervulina by electron microscopy.
Oocysts from E. acervulina that contained NDV proteins and nucleic acids could
elicit antibodies against NDV after repeated inoculation into SPF chickens.
Moreover, the proportion of oocysts from chickens infected with E. acervulina and NDV which could be induced to sporulate in vitro was lower than those from
chickens infected with E. acervulina alone. These results indicate that nucleic
acids and proteins of NDV can exist within E. acervulina, and stimulate an immune
response against NDV in chickens, and that NDV may also interfere with the sporulation
of oocysts.
Descriptors: chickens, Eimeria acervulina,
Newcastle disease virus, viral proteins,
nucleic acids, detection, interactions, oocysts, sporulation, experimental infections.
Yang,
C.Y.; Shieh, H.K.; Lin, Y.L.; Chang, P.C. Newcastle disease virus isolated from recent outbreaks in Taiwan phylogenetically related to viruses (genotype VII) from recent
outbreaks in western Europe. Avian Diseases. Jan/Mar 1999. v. 43 (1) p. 125-130. ISSN: 0005-2086
Note: Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 Av5
Abstract: Three major outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) occurred
in Taiwan in the last three decades
(in 1969, 1984, and 1995). Newcastle disease vines (NDVs) isolated
in the three outbreaks, together with those isolated in 1998, were sequenced
between nucleotides 47 and 435 of the fission gene. A phylogenetic tree based
on sequences obtained showed that the NDV isolated in 1969 was similar to the
genotype III viruses. In contrast, all isolates in 1984 and seven of the eight
isolates in 1995, together with all isolates in 1998, fell into the genotype
VII. These results suggest that the 1969 outbreak of ND in Taiwan was caused by the genotype
III virus, whereas the 1984 and 1995 outbreaks were caused by the genotype VII
viruses. To date, the genotype VII viruses have caused many outbreaks in east
Asia and western Europe. We suspect that these outbreaks have constituted the
fourth panzootic of ND, which is distinct from the third panzootic caused by
the "pigeon PMV-1 viruses. NDV isolated in Taiwan in 1984 was the earliest
isolation of the genotype VII virus.
Descriptors: Newcastle disease virus, outbreaks,
phylogenetics, genotypes, nucleotide sequences, strain differences, epidemiology,
identification, genes, amino acid sequences, Europe, Taiwan.
Molecular sequence data:
genbank/af083959.
genbank/af083960. genbank/af083961. genbank/af083962. genbank/af083963. genbank/af083964.
genbank/af083965. genbank/af083966. genbank/af083967. genbank/af083968. genbank/af083969.
genbank/af083970. genbank/af083971. genbank/af083972. genbank/af083973. genbank/af083974.
Yonash,
N.; Kaiser, M.G.; Heller, E.D.; Cahaner, A.; Lamont, S.J. Major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) related cDNA probes associated with antibody
response in meat-type chickens. Animal
Genetics. Apr 1999. v. 30 (2) p. 92-101. ISSN: 0268-9146
NAL
call no: QP98.A1A5
Abstract: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region
was examined as a set of candidate genes for association between DNA markers
and antibody response. Intercross F2 families of chickens were generated from
a cross between high (HC) and low (LC) Escherichia coli; antibody lines. Restriction
fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was conducted by using three MHC-related
cDNA probes: chicken MHC class IV (B-G), chicken MHC class I (B-F), and human
MHC-linked Tap2. Association between RFLP bands and three antibody response
traits (E. coli, sheep red blood cells and Newcastle disease virus) were determined
by two methods: by statistically analyzing each band separately and also by
analyzing all bands obtained from the three probes by using multiple regression
analysis to account for the multiple comparisons. The MHC class IV probe was
the highest in polymorphisms but had the lowest number of bands associated with
antibody response. The MHC class I probe yielded 15 polymorphic bands of which
four exhibited association with antibody response traits. The Tap2 probe yielded
20 different RFLP bands of which five were associated with antibody production.
Some Tap2 bands were associated with multiple antibody response traits. The
multiband analysis of the three probes' bands revealed more significant effects
than the analysis of each band separately. This study illustrates the efficacy
of using multiple MHC region probes as candidate markers for quantitative trait
loci (QTLs) controlling antibody response in chickens.
Descriptors: broilers, major histocompatibility
complex, complementary DNA, immune response, genes, genetic markers Escherichia
coli, antibodies, restriction fragment length polymorphism, sheep, erythrocytes,
Newcastle disease virus, quantitative traits, loci, crosses
Young,
J.K.; Li, D.; Abramowitz, M.C.; Morrison, T.G. Interaction
of peptides with sequences from the Newcastle disease virus fusion protein heptad repeat regions. Journal of Virology. July 1999. v. 73 (7) p. 5945-5956. ISSN: 0022-538X
NAL
call no: QR360.J6
Descriptors: amino acid sequences,
binding sites, heptad repeat regions.
Return to: Main Contents
| Bibliography
Contents
1998
The Association. Welfare aspects of broiler breeder production. The Veterinary Record.
Aug 22, 1998. v. 143 (8) p. 209-212.
ISSN: 0042-4900
NAL
call no: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: broilers, chicks, turkeys, Newcastle disease, Newcastle disease virus, outbreaks,
pathogenicity, epidemiology, clinical aspects, spread, Great Britain.
Azzam,
A.H.; Gabal, M.A. Aflatoxin and immunity in layer hens. Avian
Pathology. Dec 1998. v. 27 (6)
p. 570-577. ISSN: 0307-9457
NAL
call no: SF995.A1A9
Abstract: A study was conducted on the impact of aflatoxin
in the feed on the prophylactic immunization of layer hens against Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis,
infectious bursal disease and fowl cholera. Four-hundred-and-eighty 18-week-old
white leghorn chickens were used. Different groups of hens were vaccinated,
as per commercial recommendations, with a commercial inactivated triple vaccine
against Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis,
and infectious bursal disease. A killed polyvalent bacterin was used for fowl
cholera. Aflatoxin was fed for 22 weeks at a daily dose of 200 parts/10(9)/hen.
Aflatoxin significantly reduced antibody titres, resulted in a decrease of egg
weight, a decrease in egg production and an increase of mortality rate in challenged
hens. Aflatoxin was detected in eggs at levels far above the permissible concentration.
Descriptors: hens, aflatoxins, feeds, antibody formation,
inactivated vaccines, vaccination, prophylaxis, Newcastle disease virus, infectious
bronchitis virus, infectious bursal disease virus, fowl diseases, egg weight,
egg production, mortality, fowl cholera.
Bailey,
T.A.; Wernery, U.; Zachariah, R.; Samour, J.H.; Naldo, J.L.; Howlett, J.C. Maternal
transfer of paramyxovirus type 1 antibodies and antibody response to a live
Newcastle disease vaccine in kori bustards. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. July 1998. v. 34 (3) p. 472-478. ISSN: 0090-3558
NAL
call no: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: Guiformes, maternal immunity, Ardeotis kori,
bustard birds.
