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Quick Bibliography Series: QB 93-23
Updates QB 90-19
249 citations in English from AGRICOLA
Sheldon Cheney Reference and User Services Branch
March 1993 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
Cheney, Sheldon
Embryo transfer in animals.
(Quick bibliography series ; 93-23)
1. Livestock--Embryos--Transplantation--Bibliography.
2. Embryo transplantation--Bibliography. I. Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.93-23 AGRICOLA
Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA database between January 1979 and the present.
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Citations in this bibliography are from the National Agricultural Library's AGRICOLA database. An explanation of sample journal article, book, and audiovisual citations appears below.
JOURNAL ARTICLE:
Citation # NAL Call No.
Article title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher. Journal Title.
Date. Volume (Issue). Pages. (NAL Call Number).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8.SCH6
Morrison, S.B. Denver, Colo.: American School Food Service
Association. School foodservice journal. Sept 1987. v. 41
(8). p.48-50. ill.
BOOK:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date. Information
on pagination, indices, or bibliographies.
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL RM218.K36 1987
Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
Kane, June Kozak. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.
Includes index. xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm. Bibliography:
p. 126.
AUDIOVISUAL:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date.
Supplemental information such as funding. Media format
(i.e., videocassette): Description (sound, color, size).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV
All aboard the nutri-train.
Mayo, Cynthia. Richmond, Va.: Richmond Public Schools,
1981. NET funded. Activity packet prepared by Cynthia
Mayo. 1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +
activity packet.
SEARCH STRATEGY
Set Description
--- -----------
#1 EMBRYO?(7N)COLLECT?
#2 EMBRYO?(F)STORAGE?
#3 EMBRYO?(F)RABBIT? +EMBRYO?(F)BOVINE +EMBRYO?(F)MAMMAL?
+EMBRYO?(F)SHEEP +EMBRYO?(F)HORSE? ? +EMBRYO?(F)GOAT? ?
+EMBRYO?(F)CATTLE
#4 S2*S3
#5 EMBRYO?(7N)(TRANSFER? +TRANSPLANT? +FROZEN +FREEZ?)
#6 EMBRYO?(7N)(RECIPIENT? +IMPLANT?)
#7 S1+S4+S5+S6
#8 S7/ENG
#9 CHICK()EMBRYO? +EMBRYO()WING? +POLLEN()TRANSFER?
+GENE?(2W)TRANSFER? +WHEAT+FEED+MUTANT?
#10 S8-S9
#11 UD=92? *S10 +UD=91? *S10 +UD=90? *S10
#12 PLANT/SH + PLANT/DE
#13 S11-S12
Embryo Transfer in Animals
1 NAL Call. No.: S1.S68
Accelerated reproduction of high-yielding beef cattle by
embryo transplantation method.
Gavrikov, A.M.; Maslev, T.I.; Alekseenko, A.N.; Dronin, A.P.
New York, N.Y. : Allerton Press; 1991.
Soviet agricultural sciences (2): p. 39-41; 1991. Translated
from: Vsesoiuznaia akademiia sel'skokhoziaistvennyhk naauk.
Doklady, (2), 1991, p. 40-42. (20 AK1). Includes references.
Language: English; Russian
Descriptors: Beef cattle; Embryos; Transplants;
Superovulation; Hereford; Cows; Bulgarian brown; Heifers;
Anestrus
2 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69
Advances in the transfer and manipulation of equine embryos.
Squires, E.L.; Tarr, S.F.
Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Co; 1991 Jun.
Veterinary medicine v. 86 (6): p. 626-631; 1991 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Embryos; Embryo transfer; Embryo culture;
Culture media; Cryopreservation; Ovariectomized females;
Fertilization; In vitro; Superovulation; Twins
3 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Alternative gonadotrophins for superovulation in cattle.
Boland, M.P.; Goulding, D.; Roche, J.F.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 35 (1): p. 5-17; 1991 Jan. Paper presented
at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society, Jan 13-15, 1991, Bournemouth, England. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cows; Superovulation; Gonadotropins; Follicles;
Embryos
4 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Analysis of cryoprotectant, cooling rate and in situ dilution
using conventional freezing or vitrification for
cryopreserving sheep embryos. Schiewe, M.C.; Rall, W.F.;
Stuart, L.D.; Wildt, D.E.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Aug.
Theriogenology v. 36 (2): p. 279-293; 1991 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Ewes; Embryos; Cryopreservation; Glycerol;
Propylene glycol; Cooling; Freezing; Containers; Viability;
Zona pellucida; Lambing rate; Cryoprotectants
Abstract: Two studies were conducted to evaluate the
influence of cryoprotectant, cooling rate, container and
cryopreservation procedure on the post-thaw viability of sheep
embryos. In Study 1, late morula- to blastocyst-stage embryos
were exposed to 1 of 10 cryoprotectant (1.5 M, glycerol vs
propylene glycol)-plunge temperature treatments. Embryos were
placed in glass ampules and cooled at 1 degrees C/min to -5
degrees C, seeded and further cooled at 0.3 degrees C/min to
-15, -20, -25, -30 and -35 degrees C before rapid cooling by
direct placement in liquid nitrogen (LN2). Post-thaw embryo
viability was improved (P<0.01) when embryos were cooled to at
least -30 degrees C before LN2 plunging. Although there were
no overt differences in embryo viability between
cryoprotectant treatments (each resulted in live offspring
after embryo transfer), there was a lower (P<0.01) incidence
of zona pellucida damage using propylene glycol (4%) compared
to glycerol (40%). In Study 2, embryos were equilibrated in
1.5 M propylene glycol or glycerol or a vitrification solution
(VS3a). Embryos treated in propylene glycol or glycerol were
divided into ampule or one-step straw treatments, cooled to -6
degrees C at 1 degree C/min, seeded, cooled at 0.5 degrees
C/min to -35 degrees C, held for 15 minutes and then
transferred to LN2. Embryos vitrified in the highly
concentrated VS3a (6.5 M glycerol + 6% bovine serum albumin)
were transferred from room air to LN2 vapor, and then stored
in LN2. Propylene glycol- and glycerol-treated embryos in
straws experienced lower (P<0.05) degeneration rates (27%) and
yielded more (P<0.05) hatched blastocysts (73 and 60%,
respectively) at 48 hours of culture and more (P<0.05)
trophoblastic outgrowths (67 and 53%, respectively) after 1
week than vitrified embryos (47, 40 and 20%, respectively). In
vitro development rate for VS3a-treated embryos was similar
(P>0.10) to that of ampule controls, which had fewer (P<0.05)
expanded blastocysts compared to similar straw
5 NAL Call. No.: A00067
Animal Biotechnology Cambridge--in a bull market?.
Paris, France : Biofutur S.A.; 1990 Dec19.
European biotechnology newsletter (103): p. 3-4; 1990 Dec19.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uk; Japan; Embryo transfer; Cattle; Research
support
6 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222
Animal production industry in the year 2000 A.D.
Massey, J.M.
Colchester : The Journal; 1990.
Journal of reproduction and fertility (41): p. 199-208; 1990.
In the series analytic : Genetic engineering of animals /
edited by W. Hansel and B.J. Weir. Proceedings of the Second
Symposium held June 1989, Ithaca, NY. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryo transfer; Sex ratio; Cloning;
Transgenics
7 NAL Call. No.: SF871.J64
Animal sciences advances in reproductive and health
technologies : report. Johnson, Judith A.
Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, United
States, Congress, House, Committee on Science and Technology,
Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight
Washington : U.S. G.P.O.,; 1983; Y 4.Sci 2:98/Q.
x, 76 p. ; 24 cm. At head of title: Committee print.
Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Item
1025-A-1, 1025-A-2 (microfiche). October 1983. Serial Q.
Includes bibliographical references.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Livestock; Reproduction; Veterinary hygiene;
Artificial insemination; Livestock; Embryos; Transplantation;
Animal culture; United States; Technological innovations;
Livestock; United States
8 NAL Call. No.: SF5.E96 1986
Application models of embryo transfer techniques in cattle.
Brem, G.; Krausslich, H.
New York : Published by arrangement with the FAO of the UN by
Plenum Press; 1989.
Biotechnology for livestock production / prepared by the
Animal Production and Health Division, FAO. p. 97-107; 1989.
Paper presented at the "Expert Consultation on the Application
of Biotechnology in Livestock Production and Health in
Developing Countries," October 6-10, 1986, Rome, Italy.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beef cattle; Dairy cattle; Dual purpose cattle;
Animal breeding; Genetic gain; Artificial selection; Embryos;
Genetic models; Selection criteria; Twinning; Twins;
Artificial insemination; Breeding programs; Sex diagnosis
9 NAL Call. No.: HE199.5.L5L58
Artificial insemination and embryo transfer in sheep and goats
in the United States.
Foote, W.C.
Fort Washington, Md. : Silesia Companies; 1991 Mar.
Live animal trade & transport magazine v. 3 (1): p. 16-17;
1991 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Sheep; Goats; Artificial insemination;
Embryo transfer
10 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Bioeconomic evaluation of embryo transfer in beef production
systems. II. Economic evaluation of steer production.
Ruvuna, F.; Taylor, J.F.; Walter, J.P.; Turner, J.W.;
Thallman, R.M. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal
Science; 1992 Apr. Journal of animal science v. 70 (4): p.
1084-1090; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beef cattle; Embryo transfer; Steers; Econometric
models; Breeding value; Cloning; Parametric programming;
Growth rate; Age
Abstract: A bioeconomic model was developed and used to
evaluate economic implications of embryo transfer for steer
production. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the net
returns were strongly influenced by pregnancy and growth
rates. Matching of recipient and embryo sizes reduced dystocia
prevalence and resulted in as much as a $98 saving per
transfer in costs associated with dystocia. Optimal weight and
age and net returns at slaughter were found to be a function
of mature size and growth rate. Varying growth rates resulted
in optimal slaughter weight and net present value (NPV)
ranging from 403 to 494 kg and $156 to $273, respectively, for
medium-sized steer genotypes characterized by a mature size of
600 kg. The optimal slaughter weight ranged from 456 to 607 kg
and NPV from $182 to $344 for large-sized steer genotypes
characterized by a mature size of 750 kg. The results showed
that high pregnancy rates and embryos with high growth rates
generated the greatest profitability from investment in embryo
transfer. The model has a wide potential application in
formulating optimal biological and economic strategies for
matching embryo genetic resources to physical and economic
environments for commercial beef production.
11 NAL Call. No.: A00067
Biotechnology: impact on animal health.
Paris, France : Biofutur S.A.; 1990 Jun28.
European biotechnology newsletter (93): p. 3-4; 1990 Jun28.
Language: English
Descriptors: Europe; Market research; Veterinary products;
Biotechnology; Recombinant vaccines; Monoclonal antibodies;
Embryo transfer
12 NAL Call. No.: QP251.M64
Birth in lambs after in vitro maturation, fertilization, and
coculture with oviductal cells.
Czlonkowska, M.; Eysymont, U.; Guszkiewicz, A.; Kossakowski,
M.; Dziak, J. New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Liss, Inc; 1991 Sep.
Molecular reproduction and development v. 30 (1): p. 34-38;
1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lambs; Ewes; Oocytes; Embryos; Maturation;
Fertilization; Ova transfer; Embryo transfer; Pregnancy;
Birth; Embryo culture; Oviducts; Epithelium; Cells;
Preimplantation period
13 NAL Call. No.: S1.S68
Bisection of sheep blastocysts with microscalpel.
Malmakov, N.I.
New York, N.Y. : Allerton Press; 1991.
Soviet agricultural sciences (8): p. 61-64; 1991. Translated
from: Vsesoiuznaia akademiia sel'skokhoziaistvennykh nauk.
Doklady, (8), p. 61-64. (20 AK1). Includes references.
Language: English; Russian
Descriptors: Embryos; Donors; Sheep; Removal; Techniques;
Instruments; Blastocyst; Embryo transfer; Developmental
stages; Gonadotropins; Treatment
14 NAL Call. No.: QH585.A1I58
Bovine trophoblastic cell vesicle attachment to polarized
endometrial epithelial cells in vitro.
Munson, L.; Ellington, J.E.; Schlafer, D.H.
Columbia, Md. : The Association; 1991 Jan.
In vitro cellular & development biology : journal of the
Tissue Culture Association v. 27A (1): p. 31-38; 1991 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Endometrium; Epithelium; Cell culture;
Adhesion; Trophoblast; Blastocyst; Embryo implantation; In
vitro; Models; Lectins; Histochemistry; Cell ultrastructure;
Cell membranes
15 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Calf from a persistently infected heifer born after embryo
transfer with normal immunity to BVDV.
Wentink, G.H.; Aarts, T.; Mirck, M.H.; Exsel, A.C.A. van
London : The Association; 1991 Nov16.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary
Association v. 129 (20): p. 449-450; 1991 Nov16. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Calves; Heifers; Bovine diarrhea virus;
Persistence; Immunity; Case reports; Embryo transfer
16 NAL Call. No.: NBUSF961 C87 1990
Cattle embryo transfer procedure an instructional manual for
the rancher, dairyman, A.I. technician, animal scientist, and
veterinarian. Curtis, John L.
U.S.A. : John L. Curtis, 1990,c1989; 1990.
iv, 130 p. : ill.; 23 cm. Cover title. Bibliography: p.
129-130.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle
17 NAL Call. No.: SF961.C87
Cattle embryo transfer procedure an instructional manual for
the rancher, dairyman, artificial insemination technician,
animal scientist, and veterinarian.
Curtis, John L.
S an Diego : Academic Press,; 1991.
ix, 131 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. Includes bibliographical
references (p. 130-131).
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle
18 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
A caudal flank approach for the collection of oviductal-stage
bovine embryos. Wolfe, D.F.; Riddell, M.G.; Mysinger, P.W.;
Stringfellow, D.A.; Carson, R.L.; Garrett, P.D.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Jul.
Theriogenology v. 34 (1): p. 167-174. ill; 1990 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cows; Embryos (animal); Collection; Oviducts;
Surgical operations
19 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Certification in the American Embryo Transfer Association.
Baker, R.; Webb, J.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 33 (1): p. 59-65; 1990 Jan. Paper presented
at the "Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society," Jan 14-16, 1990, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Embryos (animal); Transfers; Trade
associations; Certification; Cattle
20 NAL Call. No.: QL876.B5
Changes in endometrial and placental protein synthesis and
morphology during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in the cat.
Boomsma, R.A.; Mavrogianis, P.A.; Verhage, H.G.
Champaign, Ill. : Society for the Study of Reproduction; 1991
Feb. Biology of reproduction v. 44 (2): p. 345-356; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Pregnancy; Pseudopregnancy; Endometrium;
Morphology; Placenta; Protein synthesis; Tissue culture;
Blastocyst; Embryo implantation
Abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the effect
of the implanting cat blastocyst on endometrial morphology and
protein synthesis. Placental and endometrial tissues were
obtained from pregnant and pseudopregnant cats and then
cultured with L-[35S]methionine and analyzed for protein
synthesis by 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
followed by fluorography, and also processed for light
microscopy. The progesterone-dependent protein (PDP),
described previously by Boomsma and Verhage (Biol Reprod 1987;
37:117-126 [1]) and Verhage et al. (Biol Reprod 1989;
41:347-354) [2]), was identified by immunocytochemical and
immunoblot analysis. Attachment began after 12 days, and the
deep glands contained large deposits of PDP. By 20 days the
placenta was well developed, and the deep endometrial glands
under the placenta had regressed and lacked deposits of PDP.
The placenta continued to develop and thicken as pregnancy
progressed. The surface epithelium in the non-implantation
site regions developed extreme convolutions, while the well-
developed deep glands with large deposits of PDP began to
regress by 4 weeks, becoming similar to those in the
implantation site. The endometrial glands in the
pseudopregnant animals maintained deposits of PDP even though
apoptotic bodies were observed between 20 and 35 days. PDP
synthesis was not detected in the implantation site after 16
days, but it continued in the nonimplantation site through 5
weeks. The synthesis of nine other proteins was significantly
altered by the end of implantation such that the pattern in
the non-site endometrium was different from the implantation
site but similar to the pattern found in the pseudopregnant
endometrium. As pregnancy progressed, protein synthesis was
altered in the placental/junctional zone and the non-site
endometrium, but in the deep endometrial portion of the
implantation site it was largely unchanged and similar to the
deep portion of the non-site. Thus, the implanting cat
blastocys
21 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Changes in follicular hormones after prostaglandin injection
in superovulated beef Heifers.
Maurer, R.R.; Wise, T.H.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 33 (1): p. 286; 1990 Jan. Paper presented
at the "Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society," Jan 14-16, 1990, Denver, Colorado. Includes
abstract.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beef cows; Heifers; Prostaglandins; Injection;
Hormones
22 NAL Call. No.: R856.A4B5
Cloned beef: on the menu.
San Francisco, Calif. : Deborah J. Mysiewicz; 1991 May14.
BioEngineering news v. 12 (21): p. 1-2; 1991 May14.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Dietary fat; Beef breeds; Embryo transfer;
Cloning
23 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Co-culture of day-5 to day-7 equine embryos in medium with
oviductal tissue. Freeman, D.A.; Butler, J.E.; Weber, J.A.;
Geary, R.T.; Woods, G.L. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-
Heinemann; 1991 Nov.
Theriogenology v. 36 (5): p. 815-822; 1991 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Embryos; Embryo culture; Oviducts;
Culture media
Abstract: Oviductal and uterine embryos were collected from
mares at 5 to 7 days following ovulation 1) to evaluate the
effects of oviductal tissue explants on in vitro growth and
development of equine embryos and 2) to study the morphologic
development of equine embryos in culture. Embryos were
incubated for 5 days in a medium (control group) or in medium
supplemented with oviductal tissue explants (co-culture
group). Embryos were evaluated and the media changed daily.
Following 5 days in culture, 10/10 (100%) control embryos and
27/29 (93%) co-cultured embryos had doubled in diameter. All
embryos that were recovered as morulae developed to the
blastocyst stage in culture. By 5 days in culture, 6/10 (60%)
control embryos and 19/29 (66%) co-cultured embryos had
reached the hatching blastocyst stage of development. By 3
days in culture, significantly more (P<0.05) control embryos
versus co-cultured embryos had degenerated (4/10 vs 2/29,
respectively). By 5 days in culture, significantly more
(P<0.01) control embryos versus co-cultured embryos had
degenerated (6/10 vs 3/29, respectively). Embryos cultured
with oviductal tissue were sustained longer than embryos
cultured in medium alone. Hatching was characterized by the
blastocyst squeezing through a small opening in the zona
pellucida or by the zona pellucida thinning over approximately
half of the blastocyst surface and subsequently disappearing
entirely.
24 NAL Call. No.: SF871.B85 no.01
Collection and transfer of equine embryos.
Squires, Edward L.
Fort Collins, Colo. : Animal Reproduction Laboratory, Colorado
State University,; 1985.
viii, 38 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (Bulletin / Animal Reproduction
Laboratory ; no. 01). "August 1985". Includes
bibliographical references (p. 36-37).
Language: English
Descriptors: Embryo transplantation; Veterinary embryology;
Mares; Physiology; Mares; Anatomy
25 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Collection and transfer of microinjectable embryos from dairy
goats. Selgrath, J.P.; Memon, M.A.; Smith, T.E.; Ebert, K.M.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Dec.
Theriogenology v. 34 (6): p. 1195-1205. ill; 1990 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Goats; Embryos; Collection; Embryo transfer;
Superovulation; Pmsg; Fsh; Synchronization
26 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
The commercial application of embryo splitting in beef cattle.
Gray, K.R.; Bondioli, K.R.; Betts, C.L.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 35 (1): p. 37-44; 1991 Jan. Paper presented
at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society, Jan 13-15, 1991, Bournemouth, England. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beef cattle; Embryos; Superovulation; Splitting;
Embryo transfer
27 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Comparative efficacy of FSH-P and PMSG on superovulation in
Pashmina goats. Mahmood, S.; Koul, G.L.; Biswas, J.C.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Jun.
Theriogenology v. 35 (6): p. 1191-1196; 1991 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Goats; Goat breeds; Superovulation; Fsh; Pmsg;
Embryos; Isolation; Survival; Corpus luteum; Age; Conception;
Embryo transfer; Anesthesia; Triflupromazine; Barbiturates
Abstract: Twenty-eight Pashmina goats were utilized to study
the comparative effect of FSH-P and PMSG on superovulatory
response. The effect of FSH-P marketed by two commercial firms
was compared with respect to the number of corpora lutea and
embryos recovered. The difference was found to be
nonsignificant. Superovulatory responses with FSH-P (pooled)
and PMSG were 16.55 +/- 6.13 and 11.70 +/- 8.07, respectively,
and the difference was significant (P<0.02). Recovery of
embryos was significantly higher (P<0.001) with FSH-P (4.72
+/- 4.33) than with PMSG (2.50 +/- 5.02) treatment. The
superovulatory response (number of corpora lutea) and the
embryo recovery rate was better in higher age groups (4 to 6
yr) than younger goats (1.5 to 3 yr). The embryo survival rate
was higher (54.54%) for recipients operated on under a basal
anaesthetics (Triflupromazine hydrochloride USP) than for
those operated on under barbiturate anaesthesia (13.64%). The
overall conception rate was 34.09%.
28 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Comparison of pregnancy rates from transfer of fresh versus
cooled, transported equine embryos.
Carney, N.J.; Squires, E.L.; Cook, V.M.; Seidel, G.E. Jr;
Jasko, D.J. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Jul.
Theriogenology v. 36 (1): p. 23-32; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Mares; Appaloosa; Quarter horse; Embryos;
Embryo transfer; Cooling; Air transport; Duration; Pregnancy
rate; Donors; Age; Embryo mortality
Abstract: Donor mares of mixed, light-horse breeds,
maintained at Colorado State University provided 104 embryos
for immediate transfer (fresh embryos). One hundred and
thirty-six additional embryos were collected on various
breeding farms in the United States and were shipped to
Colorado State University via commercial airlines (cooled
embryos). Embryos were harvested 7 d after ovulation, graded,
and either transferred into a mare immediately (< 1 h) or
placed in Ham's F-10 medium plus 10% fetal calf serum in an
atmosphere of 5% CO2, 5% 02, 90% N2 and packaged in a passive
cooling unit (Equitainer) for shipment to our laboratory. All
embryos were measured and graded just prior to surgical
transfer via flank incision into synchronized mares.
Recipients had ovulated 1 or 2 d before (+1, +2), on the same
day as (0), or 1, 2 or 3 d after (-1, -2, -3) the donor mare.
Pregnancy of recipients was determined by ultrasonography on
12, 35, and 50 d after ovulation of the donor. Pregnancy rates
at 12, 35, and 50 d were similar for fresh (74, 64, 61%) and
cooled embryos (80, 67, 66%), respectively. Overall, embryo
size affected (P < 0.05) pregnancy rates at 12, 35 and 50 d.
Embryos of Grade 1 (excellent) or 2 resulted in more
pregnancies than those of Grade 3 or 4 (poor) embryos.
Embryonic losses between 12 and 35 d or between 35 and 50 d
were not altered (P > 0.05) by treatment (fresh or cooled) nor
by age of the donor mare (P > 0.05), but embryonic losses
between 12 and 35 d were greater (P < 0.06) for embryos stored
for > 12 h (25%) versus those stored for < 12 h (10%). The
duration needed for shipment (< 12 h or > 12 h) of cooled
embryos did not alter pregnancy rates at 12 d (P > 0.05). Age
of donor mare had no effect (P > 0.05) upon pregnancy rates of
cooled or fresh embryos transferred nor on embryo quality. In
summary, equine embryos can be cooled to 5 degrees C and
maintained in storage for up to 24 h without decreased
compared with those of embryos transferred in < 1 hour.
29 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
A comparison of two dosages of fluorogestone acetate in
pessaries on the quality of embryos recovered from
superovulated ewes.
Scudamore, C.L.; Robinson, J.J.; Aitken, R.P.; Robertson, I.S.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Feb.
Theriogenology v. 37 (2): p. 445-456; 1992 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Ewes; Superovulation; Progestogens; Dosage
effects; Embryo transfer; Ovulation rate; Embryonic
development; Embryo mortality
Abstract: The effect of synchronizing estrus using two
dosages of progestagen (30- or 40-mg fluorogestone acetate;
FGA) pessaries on the quantity and quality of embryos produced
following superovulation with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin
(PMSG) was investigated using 19 donor ewes. The viability of
ova recovered on Day 3 or 6 after insemination was
investigated by transfer to synchronized recipient ewes. The
ovulation rates and proportions of embryos recovered were not
significantly affected by the level of progestagen priming or
the day of embryo recovery, although overall the recovery rate
was lower at 3 days after insemination than at 6 days (46.5 vs
71.3%). The level of progestagen priming caused no apparent
difference in the quality of ova recovered on Day 3, but on
Day 6 a significantly smaller proportion of the ova were of
transferable quality when recovered from donors treated with
the 30-mg FGA pessary compared with the 40-mg pessary (43.3 vs
87.5%). Embryos recovered on Day 6 from the donor ewes treated
with 30-mg FGA pessaries exhibited a wider spread in the
stages of development than those collected from ewes treated
with 40-mg FGA pessaries. Results for the transfer of embryos
3 days after insemination were consistent with the hypothesis
that the level of progestagen priming prior to superovulation
affects embryo viability, the mean survival rate for the 3-day
embryos being 58.3 and 75% for the 30- and 40-mg FGA
treatments, respectively.
30 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Conception rate after transfer of Japanese black cattle
embryos produced in vitro.
Takada, N.; Ohisa, N.; Numabe, T.; Ishikawa, Y.
London : The Association; 1990 Jun09.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary
Association v. 126 (23): p. 581-582. ill; 1990 Jun09.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryos (animal); Fertilization; In
vitro; Transplantation; Conception rate; Embryonic
development; Japanese
31 NAL Call. No.: S1.S68
Correlation between results of superovulation in embryo donor
cows and blood plasma ALT activity level.
Boiko, A.G.; Madison, V.V.; Madison, L.V.; Sadykov, Sh.M. New
York, N.Y. : Allerton Press; 1991.
Soviet agricultural sciences (8): p. 36-38; 1991. Translated
from: Vsesoiuznaia akademiia sel'skokhoziaistvennykh nauk.
Doklady, (8), p. 39-42. (20 AK1). Includes references.
Language: English; Russian
Descriptors: Embryos; Donors; Cows; Superovulation; Blood
plasma; Alanine aminotransferase; Enzyme activity;
Correlation; Animal testing alternatives; Selection methods;
Embryo transfer; Gonadotropins; Treatment
32 NAL Call. No.: 286.8 N488
Countless copies of choice cattle.
New York, N.Y. : H.J. Raymond & Co. :.; 1987 Nov08.
The New York times. p. 19; 1987 Nov08.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beef; Fat percentage; Belgian blue; Embryo
transfer; Cloning
33 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Cryopreservation of ova and embryos from livestock: current
status and research needs.
Niemann, H.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 35 (1): p. 109-124; 1991 Jan. Paper
presented at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo
Transfer Society, Jan 13-15, 1991, Bournemouth, England.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Livestock; Embryos; Oocytes; Freezing; Thawing;
Embryo transfer; Survival
34 NAL Call. No.: 41.2 H198 1990 [no.103]
Cryopreservation, splitting and transfer of mouse and goat
embryos. Nowshari, Manzoor Ahmad
Hannover : [s.n.],; 1990.
221 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. German summary. Includes
bibliographical references (p. 180-221).
Language: English
35 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Culture of bovine embryos in deproteinized hemodialysate-
supplemented media and immature mouse uterine horns.
Thuemmel, A.E.; Gwazdauskas, F.C.; Canseco, R.S.; Pearson,
R.E.; Jochle, W. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association; 1991 Jun. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (6): p.
1815-1820; 1991 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryo culture; Culture media; Mice;
Uterus; Embryonic development
Abstract: Bovine morulae (d 6) were used to evaluate
embryonic development in a deproteinized hemodialysate, agar
embedding, and in the uterus of the immature mouse. Agar-
embedded embryos were cultured in Ham's F-10 and 10% steer
serum either (treatment 1) immediately after collection or
(treatment 2) 24 h after storage in the uterus of the immature
mouse. Unembedded embryos were cultured in Ham's F-10
containing (treatment 3) 10% steer serum, (treatment 4) 1%
deproteinized hemodialysate CLB1107, or (treatment 5) 1% de-
proteinized hemodialysate CLB1107 and 10% steer serum. A
greater percentage of the embryos reached the hatched
blastocyst stage after culture in treatments 1, 3, 4, and 5
(38.1, 34.6, 28.6, and 21.1 %) than in treatment 2 (9.5%) in
which embryos were stored in the immature mouse uterus for 24
h prior to in vitro culture. Final development scores for
unembedded and agar-embedded embryos cultured in Ham's F-10
(5.5 +/- .3) and 10% steer serum (4.9 +/- .4) were similar and
higher than those of embryos cultured in deproteinized
hemodialysate CLB1107 (4.2 +/- .4), deproteinized
hemodialysate CLB1107 and steer serum (4.2 +/- .4), or
immature mouse uteri (3.4 +/- .4). It is concluded that
deproteinized hemodialysate supplementation at 1% (vol/vol)
failed to enhance embryonic development in vitro. Moreover,
bovine morulae were unaffected by agar embedding and were able
to develop to a limited extent following short-term storage in
the uterus of the immature mouse.
36 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Culture of porcine embryos from the one- and two-cell stage to
the blastocyst stage in sheep oviducts.
Prather, R.S.; Sims, M.M.; First, N.L.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Jun.
Theriogenology v. 35 (6): p. 1147-1151; 1991 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Gilts; Embryos; Embryo transfer; Sheep;
Oviducts; Embryonic development; Blastocyst; Morula
Abstract: To better define the environmental conditions
required for the development of early cleavage stage pig
embryos, one- and two-cell embryos were transferred to the
ligated oviducts of anestrous sheep (n=6) for four days. The
recovery rate was 83% (54/65), and of those recovered 72%
(39/54) developed to the compact morula or blastocyst stage.
Two suitably synchronized recipient gilts received 8 or 16
embryos. The gilt receiving 8 embryos aborted one fetus after
32 d of gestation, whereas the gilt receiving 16 embryos gave
birth to 8 normal piglets. Thus, it is concluded that the
requirements for early development of pig embryos are met by
the sheep oviduct.
37 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Cytogenetic analysis of day-4 embryos from PMSG/hCG-treated
prepuberal gilts. Underhill, K.L.; Downey, B.R.; McFarlane,
C.; King, W.A.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Apr.
Theriogenology v. 35 (4): p. 779-784; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Gilts; Landrace; Pmsg; Hcg; Dosage;
Chromosome aberrations; Cytogenetics; Ovulation rate;
Fertilization; Female fertility; Conception rate; Embryos;
Viability; Embryonic development
Abstract: Prepuberal gilts were treated with pregnant mare
serum gonadotropin (PMSG) to study the effects of its dosage
on ovulation rate, fertilization rate after artificial
insemination, embryo viability, and rate of development and
incidence of chromosome abnormalities in Day-4 embryos. Gilts
received 750 IU, 1250 IU or 1500 IU of PMSG, followed 72 h
later by 500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Gilts were
inseminated 28 to 30 h following the hCG injection, and
resulting embryos were collected on Day 4 post ovulation.
Ovulation rate was higher in the 1250 IU group than in the
1500 IU group or the 750 IU group. The 1500 IU dose caused
excessive stimulation of the ovary, resulting in the
occurrence of large (>10mm diameter) unovulated follicles,
reduced fertilization rate and low embryo recovery rate. There
was no difference in the incidence of chromosome abnormalities
among the three groups, although the 1500 IU group had higher
embryonic mortality than the two lower dose groups. A dose of
1250 IU PMSG increased ovulation rate above that achieved by
750 IU and, therefore, increased the number of oocytes or
embryos available for transfer or for other studies, without
sacrificing embryo viability or increasing the incidence of
chromosome abnormalities.
38 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Derivation and preliminary characterization of fluripotent
cell lines from porcine and bovine blastocysts.
Evans, M.J.; Notarianni, E.; Laurie, S.; Moor, R.M.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 33 (1): p. 125-128; 1990 Jan. Paper
presented at the "Annual Conference of the International
Embryo Transfer Society," Jan 14-16, 1990, Denver, Colorado.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Cows; Cell culture; Blastocyst;
Differentiation
39 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Design and analysis of research on infectious disease
transmission by embryos. Hare, W.C.D.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 33 (1): p. 51-57; 1990 Jan. Paper presented
at the "Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society," Jan 14-16, 1990, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Embryos (animal); Transfers; Disease
transmission; Research
40 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Determination of pentose phosphate and Embden-Meyerhof pathway
activities in bovine embryos.
Javed, M.H.; Wright, R.W. Jr
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 May.
Theriogenology v. 35 (5): p. 1029-1037; 1991 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryos; Pentose phosphate cycle;
Glycolysis; Glucose; Embryonic development; Blastocyst
Abstract: Quantitative determination was made of the activity
of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and Embden-Meyerhof pathway
(EMP) in individual bovine embryos from the six-cell to the
hatched blastocyst stage. Embryos were collected from
superovulated cross-bred heifers and classified into good and
poor categories. A single embryo in 1 microliter of medium was
mixed with 2 microliters of medium containing 3 to 30 nCi
radiolabeled glucose previously placed on a detached lid of
the 1.5-ml polypropylene microcentrifuge vial. The lid was
then fitted to its vial which had been loaded in advance with
1.5 ml of 0.1 N NaOH. Vials were then incubated at 37 degrees
C for 3 h. At the end of the incubation period, a 1.5-ml NaOH
trap was inverted and placed into a 20-ml scintillation vial
containing 10 ml of aqueous counting solution and counted in a
liquid scintillation spectrophotometer. The PPP activity in
good-quality embryos was greatest at the six-cell stage and
decreased with increasing embryo development. The EMP activity
showed the reverse trend. Poor-quality embryos had a lower
glucose metabolism and higher PPP activity. Similar
measurements were made on embryos following 24 h of culture,
and total glucose metabolism and percentage of PPP activity
were increased. In conclusion, these data suggest that in good
quality bovine embryos total glucose utilization is low until
16-cell stage, with PPP being the predominant pathway. Total
glucose utilization increases significantly at the morula
stage; EMP activity increases with increasing embryo
development; and PPP activity increases significantly in poor
quality embryos and in embryos 24 h in culture.
41 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222
Development and survival after transfer of cow embryos
cultured from 1-2-cells to morulae or blastocysts in rabbit
oviducts or in a simple medium with bovine oviduct epithelial
cells.
Ellington, J.E.; Farrell, P.B.; Simkin, M.E.; Foote, R.H.;
Goldman, E.E.; McGrath, A.B.
Colchester : The Journal; 1990 May.
Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 89 (1): p. 293-299;
1990 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Oviducts; Embryos (animal); Transfers;
Pregnancy; Blastocyst; Zygotes; Survival; Rabbits
42 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222
Development and viability of bovine embryos derived from
oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro and co-cultured with
bovine oviducal epithelial cells. Xu, K.P.X.; Yadav, B.R.;
Rorie, R.W.; Plante, L.; Betteridge, K.J.; King, W.A.
Colchester : The Journal; 1992 Jan.
Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 94 (1): p. 33-43;
1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cows; Oocytes; Embryos; Oviducts; Epithelium;
Cell suspensions; Embryo culture; Embryo transfer; Embryonic
development; Viability
43 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Development of bovine oocytes matured, fertilized and cultured
in a serum-free, chemically defined medium.
Takagi, Y.; Mori, K.; Tomizawa, M.; Takahashi, T.; Sugawara,
S.; Masaki, J. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991
Jun.
Theriogenology v. 35 (6): p. 1197-1207; 1991 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Japanese black; Oocytes; Embryonic
development; Cleavage; Embryos; Blastocyst; In vitro; Culture
media; Serum; Cumulus oophorus; Insulin; Transferrin;
Epidermal growth factor; Fertilization; Pregnancy; Collagen
Abstract: This experiment was conducted to determine if
bovine embryos derived from in vitro maturation, fertilization
and culture could develop in serum-free medium. Oocytes were
matured and cultured in TCM199 supplemented with or without
fetal calf serum (FCS), and in TCM199 supplemented with growth
factors (GF-TCM199), namely epidermal growth factor, insulin
and transferrin. The proliferation of cumulus cells co-
cultured with embryos was also examined. The highest rate of
embryo cleavage (48%; 2-cell/total) and blastocyst formation
(30%; blastocyst/2-cell) was obtained in serum-supplemented
medium, and the extensive cumulus cells proliferation formed a
monolayer within 3 d of culture. In TCM199 alone, no cleaved
embryos developed to the blastocyst stage, and very limited
cell proliferation was observed. In GF-TCM199, 3% of cleaved
embryos developed to the blastocyst stage. The collagen-coated
dish improved cumulus cell growth, and the rate of blastocyst
formation was 8%. The viability of these embryos was judged by
transfer, with one of the three recipients becoming pregnant
and delivering one calf. In conclusion, the results indicated
that collagen-coating and growth factors-supplementation can
support embryonic development in serum-free TCK199; however,
development in vitro was significantly less extensive than
that in serum-supplemented TCM199.
44 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Development of in vitro matured/in vitro fertilized bovine
embryos into morulae and blastocysts in defined culture media.
Bavister, B.D.; Rose-Hellekant, T.A.; Pinyopummintr, T.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 37 (1): p. 127-146; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryos; Embryonic development; Culture
media; Oviducts
Abstract: The techniques of in vitro maturation (IVM) and in
vitro fertilization (IVF) of bovine oocytes, with development
of the resulting embryos to advanced preimplantation stages in
vitro, have gained widespread popularity in recent years
because of the potential for obtaining information about
regulatory mechanisms, and for inexpensively mass-producing
embryos for research or for transfer. However, the efficiency
of the techniques (blastocyst yield) is unsatisfactory, due to
inadequate information about the requirements of bovine
embryos for development in culture, and of oocytes for
achieving normal maturation. An experiment was designed to
determine effects of using different media for bovine oocyte
maturation on subsequent embryo development. Five of seven
media tested on oocyte maturation resulted in higher levels of
fertilization and/or first cleavage division. In addition, the
data indicated that culture conditions for oocyte maturation
also affect development to the morula/blastocyst stages. A
second experiment evaluated culture conditions for embryo
development, using two media (HECM-1 and TCM-199) with or
without supplementation by serum and/or oviduct cell
conditioning, in a 2X2X2 factorial design. Neither serum
supplementation nor conditioning nor the two together
increased morula/blastocyst formation (35-46% in all
treatments). Serum had a biphasic effect, suppressing the
first cleavage division but enhancing morula compaction. No
block was observed at the 8- to 16-cell stage with TCM-199 +
serum, contrary to many other studies. The data support the
hypothesis that the reported stimulation of bovine IVM/IVF
embryo development by somatic cell conditioning is due to
removal of inhibitory influences from the culture environment.
The ability to support development of IVM/IVF embryos to the
morula and blastocyst stages in defined media (i.e., without
serum or somatic cell conditioning) will help to elucidate the
metabolite and nutritional requirements of bovine
45 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Development of one-cell porcine embryos to the blastocyst
stage in simple media.
Hagen, D.R.; Prather, R.S.; Sims, M.M.; First, N.L.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991
Mar. Journal of animal science v. 69 (3): p. 1147-1150; 1991
Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Embryos; Embryonic development; Embryo
culture; Culture media; Blastocyst; Morula; Carbon dioxide
Abstract: Porcine embryos were flushed from mated donors and
examined for cleavage stage. One- and two-cell embryos were
randomly allotted to one of five following in vitro
treatments: M199 with Earle's salts, a modified Tyrode's
medium (TL), TL supplemented with 10 mM
N-2-hydroxyethyl-piperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)
(THL), TLH supplemented with 5.5 mM glucose (TLHG), or TLH
supplemented with 5 mM glutamine (TLHGL). The bicarbonate
concentration of TLH, TLHG, and TLHGL was 2 mM, compared with
the 25 mM concentration in M199 and TL. Embryos in M199 and TL
were incubated in 95% air:5% CO2 at 39 degrees C. Those in the
remaining three treatments were incubated in air at 39 degrees
C. Embryos incubated in TL and M199 did not develop past the
four- to eight-cell stage, whereas the proportions of embryos
developing to the compact morula or blastocyst stage by d 7 of
culture in the other treatments were as follows: TLHG, 49.1 %;
TLHGL, 59.4%; TLH, 63.5% (P < .005). These results indicate
that porcine embryos can be cultured from the one-cell stage
to blastocyst in a simple HEPES-buffered medium in air. The
ability of porcine embryos to develop without supplemental CO2
may be an important finding for use in situations in which
embryos must be transported for long periods before embryo
transfer.
46 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Developmental ability of in vitro matured sheep oocytes
collected during the nonbreeding season and fertilized in
vitro with frozen ram semen. Pugh, P.A.; Fukui, Y.; Tervit,
H.R.; Thompson, J.G.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Nov.
Theriogenology v. 36 (5): p. 771-778; 1991 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Oocytes; Fertilization; In vitro;
Spermatozoa; Embryos; Biological development; Granulosa cells;
Anestrus
Abstract: During the nonbreeding season, oocytes recovered
from ovaries of FSH-primed or nonprimed ewes were matured in
the presence or absence of granulosa cells collected from
ovaries of primed or nonprimed ewes prior to in vitro
fertilization with either fresh or frozen-thawed sperm.
Following fertilization, ova were cultured for 24 h in
synthetic oviduct fluid medium (SOF) supplemented with 20%
human serum at 39 degrees C under humidified 5% CO2, 5% O2,
90% N2 and then assessed for cleavage. Overall, 52% of ova
cleaved. Cleavage was not affected by the source of sperm.
Significantly more oocytes from primed follicles cleaved after
24 hours than those from nonprimed follicles (P<0.001).
Maturation of oocytes in the presence of granulosa cells from
nonprimed ewes resulted in a lower cleavage rate (44%, P<0.05)
than in the presence of granulosa from primed ewes (59%) or no
granulosa cells (50%). Oocytes (n = 508) from primed ewes were
matured in the presence of granulosa cells (also from primed
ewes) and fertilized in vitro with frozen-thawed sperm.
Following in vitro culture for 24 hours, 68 of the 270 (53%)
cleaved embryos were transferred to 17 recipient ewes, 15 of
which remained pregnant to term, producing 24 lambs. The
remaining 202 cleaved embryos were cultured for a further 5
days, of which 73 appeared to reach the morula/blastocyst
stage and 61 were transferred to 16 recipients. Two ewes
remained pregnant to term producing two lambs. These results
demonstrate that production of sheep embryos using in vitro
maturation and fertilization techniques is possible in the
nonbreeding season. However, the poor viability of embryos
obtained following extended culture needs to be resolved
before such techniques can be usefully applied.
47 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Developmental capacity of bovine oocytes collected from
ovaries of individual heifers and fertilized in vitro.
Funahashi, H.; Aoyagi, Y.; Takeda, T.; Onihara, T.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Sep.
Theriogenology v. 36 (3): p. 427-434; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heifers; Oocytes; Fertilization; In vitro;
Embryos
Abstract: Bovine follicular oocytes from individual heifers
(n=49) were separately matured, fertilized with frozen-thawed
spermatozoa and cultured with cumulus cells. Although there
were great variations in the number (mean +/- SD = 19.1 +/-
11.9) of oocytes collected from individual heifers and the
percentages of the oocytes cleaved 48 hours after insemination
(mean +/- SD = 69.5 +/- 18.4) and developed to the morula
stage 7 days after insemination (mean +/- SD = 10.9 +/- 10.9),
there were significant correlations between the numbers of
oocytes collected and cleaved (the correlation coefficient: r=
0.9336) or developed to morula stage (r = 0.6633), indicating
that oocytes from different heifers have the same
developmental ability after in vitro fertilization. Ten
morulae and 12 blastocysts, which were obtained 7 and 8 days
after insemination were transferred, one by one, to each
uterine horn of 11 recipients. At Day 60 of pregnancy, 8 (80%)
fetuses were identified in 4 (80%) of 5 recipients into which
10 embryos were transferred at Day -1 of synchrony. However,
only 3 (25%) fetuses were identified in 2 (40%) of 6
recipients into which 12 embryos were transferred at Day 0 or
+1 of synchrony.
48 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Developmental capacity of mouse oocytes that grow and mature
in culture: the effect of modification of the protocol.
Eppig, J.J.; Schroeder, A.C.; Van de Sandt, J.J.M.; Ziomek,
C.A. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 33 (1): p. 89-100; 1990 Jan. Paper
presented at the "Annual Conference of the International
Embryo Transfer Society," Jan 14-16, 1990, Denver, Colorado.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oocytes; Culture techniques; In vitro; Culture
media; Growth; Development; Mice
49 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Developmental competence of bovine oocytes frozen at various
maturation stages followed by in vitro maturation and
fertilization.
Lim, J.M.; Fukui, Y.; Ono, H.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Feb.
Theriogenology v. 37 (2): p. 351-361; 1992 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Japan; Cattle; Oocytes; Cryopreservation;
Freezability; In vitro culture; Embryonic development
Abstract: In the present study, we examined the ability of
bovine oocytes, at various stages of maturation, to survive
after cryopreservation as well as their subsequent development
following in vitro maturation and fertilization. This study
was conducted with oocytes frozen as morphologically immature
(germinal vesicle), maturing (germinal vesicle breakdown to
telophase I), and matured (metaphase II) oocytes by two
different cryopreservation methods (Method A: oocytes were
cooled at a rate of -0.7 degrees C/min from 20 degrees C to -7
degrees C, seeded and held at this temperature for 10 min,
cooled at a rate of -0.3 degrees C/min to -30.0 degrees C,
maintained at this temperature for 10 min and plunged into
liquid nitrogen; Method B: oocytes were seeded at -5.1 degrees
C and held at this temperature for 15 min, cooled at a rate of
-0.5 degrees C/min to -32.5 degrees C and plunged into liquid
nitrogen) during culture for maturation. At the beginning of
culture (0 hours), almost all of the fresh oocytes were at the
germinal vesicle stage, and more than 90% of these oocytes
reached at metaphase II after culture. Immature oocytes frozen
at 0 hours of culture had significantly lower numbers of
morphologically normal oocytes and cleavage rate after thawing
compared with the maturing and matured oocytes. The post-thaw
maturation and fertilization rate of frozen immature oocytes
was also lower than that of the other groups, but did not
differ significantly. Except for the oocytes frozen between 0
and 12 hours using cryopreservation Method B, developmental
capacity beyond the eight-cell stage did not differ among
groups. We concluded that 1) the freezability of immature
bovine oocytes was inferior to that of maturing and matured
oocytes and 2) frozen-thawed methods affected the post-thaw
survival and developmental competence of the frozen oocytes.
50 NAL Call. No.: 442.9 SO1
Differential effects of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
analogs, chlordecone, and 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
on establishment of pregnancy in the hypophysectomized rat.
Johnson, D.C.; Sen, M.; Dey, S.K.
Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1992 Jan.
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and
Medicine v. 19 (1): p. 42-48; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ddt; Analogs; Methoxychlor; Chlordecone;
Toxicity; Estrogenic properties; Embryo implantation;
Pregnancy; Hypophysectomy; Rats
Abstract: Many of the organochlorine pesticides have been
shown to elicit estrogenic responses in laboratory animals.
Two estrogenic actions, initiation of implantation and
maintenance of pregnancy, were examined in progesterone-
primed, delayed-implanting, hypophysectomized rats exposed to
several polychlorinated hydrocarbons. The insecticide
P,P'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was nearly devoid
of estrogenic activity for initiating implantation, as was a
dichloro analog, 1,1-dichloro-2-[p-chlorophenyl],2-[o-
chlorophenyl]ethane (O,P'-DDD), but another such analog, 1,1-
dichloro-2-(p-chlorophenyl),
2-(o-chlorophenyl)ethylene (O,P'-DDE), was nearly as
estrogenic as the O,P'-DDT isomer of DDT and the methoxylated
analog methoxychlor. The latter three compounds not only
initiated implantation, but maintained pregnancy when given in
large (200 mg/kg) and repeated doses. Another insecticide,
chlordecone (Kepone) was more estrogenic than any of the DDT
analogs and maintained pregnancy with a single dose of 50
mg/kg. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a toxic
contaminant of herbicide production, did not induce
implantation at a dose of 125 microgram/kg, but inhibited the
implantation initiated by estrone in 35% of the animals. The
mechanism of this antiestrogenicity is unknown but most
probably does not involve direct action via the classical
estrogen receptor. The possible interference with the normal
blastocyst-uterine interactions of these polychlorinated
xenobiotics may be an important factor in their being
considered reproductive toxins.
51 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Direct transfer of frozen-thawed bovine embryos.
Voelkel, S.A.; Hu, Y.X.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 37 (1): p. 23-37; 1992 Jan. Paper presented
at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society, held Jan 12-14, 1992, Denver, CO. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryos; Embryo transfer;
Cryopreservation; Cryoprotectants
Abstract: The ability to transfer frozen embryos directly to
recipient females after thawing would be a convenience in
embryo transfer and would facilitate marketing embryos
produced in large quantities by in vitro procedures.
Techniques for direct transfer of bovine embryos use sucrose
as an osmotic buffer to remove glycerol while the embryo is in
the straw prior to transfer or use sucrose added to the
cryoprotectant solution allowing transfer without additional
steps. These methods are reviewed as well as a new approach to
freezing embryos for direct transfer. The new procedure for
direct transfer of frozen embryos uses 1.5 M ethylene glycol
as a cryoprotectant. Embryos frozen in ethylene glycol can be
rehydrated directly in holding medium without step-wise
dilution of the cryoprotectant yielding viability equivalent
to that of embryos frozen in glycerol and rehydrated in a
step-wise manner. In addition, the pregnancy rate for
nonsurgically recovered embryos frozen in 1.5 M ethylene
glycol in straws containing additional columns of holding
medium, thawed and transferred directly to recipients (50%)
was comparable to the pregnancy rate for embryos frozen in
glycerol and rehydrated using a step-wise procedure prior to
transfer. Ethylene glycol can be used effectively as a
cryoprotectant for bovine embryos permitting thawed embryos to
be rehydrated directly in holding medium or transferred
directly to recipients. Identifying effective cryoprotectants
to which bovine embryos are highly permeable is an alternative
approach for developing direct transfer procedures.
52 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Early cleavage and the maternal zygotic transition in bovine
embryos. Barnes, F.L.; Eyestone, W.H.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 33 (1): p. 141-152. ill; 1990 Jan. Paper
presented at the "Annual Conference of the International
Embryo Transfer Society," Jan 14-16, 1990, Denver, Colorado.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryos (animal); Cleavage; Fertilization
53 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222
Effect of asynchronous transfer and oestrogen administration
on survival and development of porcine embryos.
Geisert, R.D.; Morgan, G.L.; Zavy, M.T.; Blair, R.M.; Gries,
L.K.; Cox, A.; Yellin, T.
Colchester : The Journal; 1991 Nov.
Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 93 (2): p. 475-481;
1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gilts; Embryos; Embryo transfer; Survival;
Estradiol; Embryonic development; Sow pregnancy; Uterus
54 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
The effect of CO-treatment with recombinant bovine
somatotrophin on plasma progesterone concentration and number
of embryos collected from superovulated Holstein heifers.
Rieger, D.; Walton, J.S.; Goodwin, M.L.; Johnson, W.H.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 May.
Theriogenology v. 35 (5): p. 863-868; 1991 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heifers; Holstein-friesian;
Somatotropin; Fsh; Superovulation; Superovulated females;
Progesterone; Blood plasma; Synthetic pituitary hormones;
Embryos; Embryo transfer; Ovulation
Abstract: Mature Holstein heifers were induced to
superovulate with twice-daily injections of porcine follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH), and were given either 20 mg i.m. of
recombinant bovine somatotrophin (rBST) or saline with each
FSH injection. The animals were artificially inseminated and
the embryos were collected nonsurgically at Day 7. There was
no significant difference in the mean (+/- S.D) total number
of embryos collected from rBST-treated animals (8.3 +/- 5.3)
when compared with that of the controls (7.2 +/- 6.6), or in
the mean number of transferable embryos (5.3 +/- 4.0 vs 5.2
+/- 4.5). However, co-treatment with rBST tended to increase
the ovulatory response, and it significantly increased plasma
progesterone concentrations at Day 6 (P = 0.04). Based on
these latter observations, we conclude that treatment with
rBST enhanced the superovulatory response in heifers.
55 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effect of dietary crude-protein type on fertilization and
embryo quality in dairy cattle.
Blanchard, T.; Ferguson, J.; Love, L.; Takeda, T.; Henderson,
B.; Hasler, J.; Chalupa, W.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association;
1990 Jun. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (6):
p. 905-908; 1990 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Dietary proteins; Conception rate;
Fertilization; Embryos (animal); Lactating females; Protein
degradation
Abstract: An experiment was conducted to determine whether
balancing dietary crude protein for optimal rumen
degradability would improve fertilization rate and quality of
ova in lactating dairy cows. Thirty-eight Holstein cows in
early lactation were fed 1 of 2 diets formulated to be
isocaloric and isonitrogenous, containing 16% crude protein.
Diet 1 contained 73% rumen degradable intake protein, whereas
diet 2 contained 64% rumen degradable intake protein. The cows
were induced to superovulate and were inseminated, and ova
were recovered nonsurgically on postbreeding day 7. Ova were
counted and classified as fertilized or unfertilized.
Fertilized ova were scored as excellent, good, fair, poor, or
degenerate. Unfertilized ova and poor and degenerate embryos
were considered to be nontransferable ova and excellent, good,
and fair embryos were considered to be transferable ova. There
were no differences for mean number of fertilized,
unfertilized, transferable, or nontransferable ova recovered
from cows fed the 2 diets (P > 0.10). Mean percentage of
fertilized ova recovered from cows was greater (P < 0.05) in
those fed diet 2, compared with diet 1. Mean percentage of
transferable ova recovered from cows tended to be greater (P =
0.06) in those fed diet 2, compared with diet 1. More cows
failed to yield transferable ova (P < 0.05) when fed diet 1,
compared with diet 2. Fertilization failure or early
degeneration of embryos may occur in cows fed excess rumen
degradable protein.
56 NAL Call. No.: QL876.B5
Effect of donor cell cycle stage on chromatin and spindle
morphology in nuclear transplant rabbit embryos.
Collas, P.; Pinto-Correia, C.; Ponce de Leon, F.A.; Robl, J.M.
Champaign, Ill. : Society for the Study of Reproduction; 1992
Mar. Biology of reproduction v. 46 (3): p. 501-511; 1992 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Embryos; Chromatin; Chromosomes; Embryo
transfer
Abstract: We investigated the influence of the cell cycle
stage of the nuclear donor on prematurely condensed chromatin
(PCC) and spindle morphology and on chromosome constitution in
rabbit nuclear transplant embryos. The configuration of PCC
following nuclear transplantation with G1, early S, and late S
phase donor nuclei (G1, early S, and late S transplants,
respectively) was characterized in whole mounts and chromosome
spreads. In addition, the influence of the donor cell cycle
stage on chromosome constitution in cleavage stage-manipulated
embryos was determined. Within 2 h after fusion of the donor
blastomere, the recipient oocyte cytoplasm was able to induce
formation de novo of a metaphase plate associated with a
spindle in G1, early S, and late S transplants. Metaphase
chromosomes and spindle were intact in most cases of PCC in G1
transplants. However, these structures displayed minor
abnormalities in early S transplants and gross abnormalities
in late S transplants, such as incomplete or absent spindle
formation and incomplete chromatin condensation. Normal
chromosomes were present in G1 and early S transplants,
whereas chromosome abnormalities were detected in late S
transplants. The results indicate that morphology of
prematurely condensed G1 and early S chromatin has a minor
influence on chromosome constitution of manipulated embryos.
That of late S chromatin, however, affects chromosome
constitution in embryos and may account for reduced
development of nuclear transplant embryos when late S phase
donor nuclei are used.
57 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
The effect of estradiol valerate on follicular dynamics and
superovulatory response in cows and Syncro-Mate-B implants.
Bo, G.A.; Pierson, R.A.; Mapletoft, R.J.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Aug.
Theriogenology v. 36 (2): p. 169-183; 1991 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beef cows; Dairy cows; Estradiol; Synthetic
progestogens; Implantation; Intramuscular injection; Graafian
follicles; Size; Superovulation; Ovulation rate; Ova; EmbryoOU
Embryo transfer; Ovaries; Atresia
Abstract: Two experiments were designed to evaluate the
effect of estradiol valerate on follicular dynamics and
superovulatory response in cows with Syncro-Mate-beta
(SMB)implants. In Experiment 1, 5 mg estradiol valerate (E2)
injected at the same time as superstimulation treatments were
initiated, resulted in fewer corpora lutea (CL), ova/embryos
collected and fertilized ova (P < 0.05) than if E2, was
administered with the SMB implant 7 days earlier. In
Experiment 2, 31 beef cows and 26 Holstein cows were placed in
one of four treatment groups. Group I (control) cows were
superstimulated on Day 9 (estrus=Day 0). On Day 2, cows in
Groups II, III, and IV received SMB and cows in Group III
received E2. On Day 9, cows in Group IV received E2, and all
cows were superstimulated with Folltropin. The number of CL
did not differ (P > 0.19) among groups. However, there were
more follicles < 10 mm and fewer fertilized ova and
transferable embryos (P < 0.02) in Group IV cows. Ovarian
ultrasonography revealed that the diameter of the largest
follicle in Group III cows declined from Day 2 to Day 7 and
subsequently increased until Day 13. In contrast, Groups I, II
and IV were characterized by apparently linear growth between
Days 2 and 13. Differences (P < 0.05) were detected between
Days 5 and 9. Mean diameter of the largest follicle was
smaller for cows in Group III than for the remaining groups on
Day 9. It was concluded that SMB did not adversely affect
superovulatory response and that E2 administration resulted in
atresia of the antral follicles in the cows with SMB implants.
58 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Effect of fresh or cultured follicular fractions on meiotic
resumption in bovine oocytes.
Sirad, M.A.; Coenen, K.; Bilodeau, S.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 37 (1): p. 39-57; 1992 Jan. Paper presented
at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society, held Jan 12-14, 1992, Denver, CO. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Oocytes; Follicles; Maturation; Cumulus
oophorus; Granulosa cells
Abstract: Meiotic maturation occurs spontaneously when bovine
oocytes are removed from their follicles and cultured in
vitro. This natural phenomenon in mammals has greatly
facilitated the use of in vitro matured oocytes for
fertilization and embryo production. Bovine oocytes from small
antral (immature) follicles can be matured in vitro up to the
stage where they can be fertilized but their average
subsequent developmental capacity is limited. Regardless of
progress made to improve culture conditions during oocyte
maturation and embryo development during the last few years,
only one third of the oocytes selected on morphological
criteria result in viable embryos, while the other two thirds,
cultured in the same conditions, do not. This indicates some
deficiency in these oocytes. It is clear that normal
cytoplasmic maturation must occur in vitro to produce a good
embryo but is the cytoplasm of all oocytes ready to respond to
our maturation conditions? If we suppose that a maturing
follicle influences the oocyte's ability to support further
development, it is essential to understand this process and
simulate this effect in vitro. The first step towards this
objective requires a culture system that reproduces the
ovarian follicular environment for the oocyte, in which
nuclear maturation is prevented. In this study, we summarize
the effect of each part of the follicle on meiotic resumption
in bovine oocytes. Associations between mural granulosa cells
and cumulus cells seem to be essential for prevention of
nuclear maturation but the health of the follicle and the
follicular fluid content are also important.
59 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
The effect of length of cryopreservation on the viability of
bovine embryos in a commercial operation.
Hruska, K. Jr
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Sep.
Theriogenology v. 36 (3): p. 477-484; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryos; Viability; Cryopreservation;
Morphology; Pregnancy rate
Abstract: A total of 2,232 bovine embryos was obtained from
294 flushings at a commercial embryo transfer operation. The
embryos were frozen in groups from individual flushings using
0.25-cc straws and a conventional freezing procedure with
glycerol as a cryoprotective agent. The embryos were stored in
liquid nitrogen for up to 28 months. sucrose was used for the
removal of glycerol after the thawing of embryos. The thawed
embryos were then examined morphologically, and 1,097 embryos
(49%) with no apparent defects were used for subsequent
transfer. The viability of the thawed embryos from the
individual flushes was evaluated in relationship to the length
of cryopreservation. No correlation (P > 0.1) was found
between the two parameters in embryos from superovulations
with above and below average yields. This finding was further
confirmed in a proportion of the embryos by the evaluation of
pregnancy rates. Thus, neither the typical length of embryo
storage in a commercial operation nor the success of
superovulation influenced the survival rate of embryos after
thawing based on morphological criteria and pregnancy rates.
60 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
The effect of natural toxins on reproduction in livestock.
James, L.F.; Panter, K.E.; Nielsen, D.B.; Molyneux, R.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992
May. Journal of animal science v. 70 (5): p. 1573-1579; 1992
May. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Sheep; Poisonous plants; Reproductive
efficiency; Adverse effects; Toxins
Abstract: Reproductive efficiency is the most important
economic factor in livestock production. Thus, the
hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal regulatory axis, accessory
sexual organ functionality, and the complex events involved in
fertilization, implantation, and embryonic and fetal
development may be sensitive to therapeutic agents,
environmental pollutants, and natural toxicants. There are
many factors that adversely affect reproduction, one of which
is toxic substances in the diets of animals. Toxic materials
can affect reproductive success by causing abortions,
interfering with libido, estrus, oogenesis, or
spermatogenesis, causing emaciation and subsequent abnormal
mating behavior, birth defects, and increasing the time
between parturition annd rebreeding. Examples of natural
toxicants in poisonous plants interfering with reproduction
are numerous. Abortion in livestock from locoweeds, ponderosa
pine needles, broom snakeweeds, fescue, and others are
reported in studies. Seelnium and seleniferous forage inhibit
estrus in cattle and swine. Emaciation and temporary illness
from sneezeweeds, bitterweed, locoweed, larkspur, lupines, and
others may interfere with mating. Embryonic loss and birth
defects from Veratrum, lupines, locoweeds, poison hemlock, and
so on, may occur. As suggested, toxins have many diverse and
economically adverse effects on reproductive performance in
livestock.
61 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Effect of serum-free co-culture and synchrony of recipients on
development of cultured sheep embryos to fetuses.
Rexroad, C.E. Jr; Powell, A.M.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991
May. Journal of animal science v. 69 (5): p. 2066-2072; 1991
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Embryos; Embryonic development; Culture
media; Embryo culture; Embryo transfer; Estradiol;
Progesterone; Synchronization
Abstract: The percentage of sheep embryos that continued to
develop after collection and immediate transfer on d 2 after
estrus was similar when phosphate-buffered saline with 10%
fetal calf serum (PBSFCS, 45%), physiological saline (50%), or
tissue culture medium 199 supplemented with 10% fetal calf
serum (M199FCS, 47%) was used to flush embryos from oviducts.
Co-culture of sheep embryos for 3 d with oviductal cells
tended (P = .1) to reduce the percentage of embryos that
developed to fetuses after transfer compared with those
embryos transferred immediately. Tissue culture medium 199
supplemented with .3% BSA (M199BSA) was an adequate substitute
for M199FCS for culture of sheep oviductal cells if tissue
culture wells were pretreated with fibronectin. Estradiol in
concentrations from 10 to 1,000 pg/ml and progesterone at
concentrations of 1 or 10 ng/ml in M199BSA failed to stimulate
embryo development during 3 d of co-culture beyond that seen
in co-culture with M199FCS or M199BSA without added steroid.
Transfer of sheep embryos co-cultured for 3 d in M199BSA or
M199FCS to recipients synchronized with donors resulted in
about 19% of the embryos developing to fetuses, when transfer
to recipients that were in estrus 24 h after donors resulted
in 33% of embryos developing to fetuses. The significant (P <
.05) improvement for delayed recipients may reflect the
relatively lesser developmental rate of co-cultured embryos
compared with that of embryos in vivo. Embryo development into
fetuses was similar after co-culture in M199FCS or M199BSA co-
cultures; therefore, serum is not required for the co-culture
of sheep embryos.
62 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Effect of sucrose concentration used for one-step dilution
upon in vitro and in vivo survival of bovine embryos
refrigerated in glycerol and 1, 2-propanediol.
Suzuki, T.; Yamamoto, M.; Ooe, M.; Sakata, A.; Matsuoka, M.;
Nishikata, Y.; Okamoto, K.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Dec.
Theriogenology v. 34 (6): p. 1051-1057; 1990 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryos; Freezing; Thawing;
Cryoprotectants; Glycerol; Propanediols; Sucrose; Dilution; In
vitro; Concentration; Survival; Embryo transfer; Pregnancy
rate
63 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
The effect of timing of laparoscopic insemination in
superovulated ewes, with or without sedation, on the recovery
of embryos, their stage of development and subsequent
viability.
Scudamore, C.L.; Robinson, J.J.; Aitken, R.P.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 May.
Theriogenology v. 35 (5): p. 907-914; 1991 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Ewes; Superovulated females;
Superovulation; Intrauterine insemination; Laparoscopy;
Embryos; Ova; Isolation; Embryo transfer; Survival; Timing;
Synthetic progestogens; Neuroleptics
Abstract: Twenty ewes were used as donors in a 2 X 2
factorial design experiment to investigate the effects of two
different insemination times (48 vs 60 h after pessary
withdrawal), with or without sedation, on the ovum recovery
rate 5 d after insemination, the proportion of transferable
embryos recovered, and the subsequent survival rate of embryos
transferred to recipients. The ovum recovery rate following
intrauterine insemination at 48 h after progestagen pessary
withdrawal was 63.8 and 53.4% for sedated and nonsedated
control ewes, respectively. Following intrauterine
insemination at 60 h the corresponding values for sedated and
control ewes were 72.6 and 73.9%, respectively. The proportion
of transferable quality embryos recovered was not affected by
sedation but was improved by insemination at 48 h rather than
60 h after pessary withdrawal (100 vs 35.4%). Embryo survival
following laparoscopic transfer to recipients from donor ewes
inseminated at 48 h, with or without sedation was 38.8% (7/18)
and 50% (7/14), respectively. Following intrauterine
insemination of the donors at 60 h, the survival rate in
recipients was reduced for embryos transferred from both the
sedated and control ewes to 6.25% (1/16) and 36.3% (4/11).
64 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Effect of timing of prostaglandin PGF2 alpha injection
subsequent to embryo collection on the resumption of normal
follicular development following superovulatory treatment in
cattle.
Lucy, M.C.; Macmillan, K.L.; Thatcher, W.W.; Drost, M.; Tan,
H.S. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Jul.
Theriogenology v. 34 (1): p. 7-19; 1990 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Superovulation; Prostaglandins;
Luteolysis; Follicles; Development; Embryos (animal);
Ultrasound; Collection
65 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effect of variability in response to superovulation on donor
cow selection differentials in nucleus breeding schemes.
Keller, D.S.; Teepker, G.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1990
Feb. Journal of dairy science v. 73 (2): p. 549-554; 1990 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Superovulation; Selection
differential; Breeding methods; Embryos (animal); Milk yield;
Herd size
66 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Effect on embryo survival of short-term exposure to the
uterine environment of two selected lines of mice.
Jenkins, A.S.; Anderson, G.B.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal
Science; 1990 Jul. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (4): p.
371-374; 1990 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Artificial selection; Line differences;
Embryo mortality; Survival; Uterus; Litter size;
Preimplantation period
Abstract: Two genetic lines of mice (Mus musculus), one
selected for high embryo survival (Line E) and the other for
small litter size (Line CN-), were used as models to study
preimplantation embryo survival. The two lines displayed
similar ovulation rates, but significantly lower embryo
survival to implantation was observed in Line CN -females (P <
0.01). The effect of the uterine environment on embryo
survival was examined by incubating embryos in pseudopregnant
host females for 26 hours beginning at 1500 hours on day 2
(day of copulatory plug = day 0). Embryos were then removed
from the host and transferred to recipient uteri of the same
genetic line as the embryos for, development to term. Survival
of embryos was significantly greater after exposure to Line E
hosts (P < 0.01). Survival of Line E embryos was reduced from
71% in Line E hosts to 28% in Line CN- hosts. Survival of Line
CN-embryos increased from 17% in Line CN- hosts to 70%, in
Line E hosts. Embryos also were cultured in vitro in uterine
flushings collected from each line. More Line E embryos
developed to the blastocyst stage than did Line CN embryos (P
< 0.01). Development of Line CN- (P < 0.01) embryos, but not
Line E embryos, was affected by the line from which uterine
flushings were collected. These lines of mice provide a useful
model for the study of the physiological basis for differences
in embryo survival due to genetic selection.
67 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Effects of breed, age of donor and dosage of follicle
stimulating hormone on the superovulatory response of beef
cows.
Breuel, K.F.; Baker, R.D.; Butcher, R.L.; Townsend, E.C.;
Inskeep, E.K.; Dailey, R.A.; Lerner, S.P.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Aug.
Theriogenology v. 36 (2): p. 241-255; 1991 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beef cows; Charolais; Polled hereford; Simmental;
Aberdeen-angus; Fsh; Superovulation; Embryo transfer; Age;
Dosage; Ova; Embryos; Pregnancy rate; Calving rate
Abstract: Data were obtained on 1039 recoveries of embryos
from beef cows of four breeds at two locations, in clinic and
on farm. General linear models procedures were utilized to
determine the effects of breed, location, age of donor, dosage
of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and the interaction of
age and FSH on the following dependent variables: 1) the mean
number of ova (unfertilized oocytes and embryos) recovered; 2)
the mean number and percentage of embryos (fertilized; live
and dead) recovered; and 3) the mean number and percentage of
transferable embryos recovered. The interaction of age of
donor and dosage of FSH with breed and location prevented the
pooling of data over breed and location. The mean number of
ova recovered was affected by age of the donor (Charolais-in
clinic), or the interaction between age of donor and dosage of
FSH (Polled Hereford-in clinic and -on farm and Simmental-on
farm). The mean number of embryos was affected by age of donor
(Polled Hereford-in clinic), dosage of FSH (Simmental-in
clinic) or their interaction (Angus-on farm). The mean number
of transferable embryos was affected by age of donor (Polled
Hereford-in clinic and -on farm, Simmental-in clinic and
Angus-on farm). General linear models procedures were utilized
to determine the effects of the embryo (stage of development
and quality) and the recipient (synchrony with the donor) on
the rate of pregnancy. Rate of pregnancy varied with embryo
quality score and synchrony of the recipient and the embryo.
In conclusion, the superovulatory response was found to be
highly breed-specific, and most of the variability in embryos
produced was attributed to the number of ova recovered.
However, the number of ova, embryos and transferable embryos
recovered was further influenced by age of the donor, dosage
of FSH or their interaction,
68 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Effects of embryo transfer in beef cattle on genetic
evaluation methodology. Schaeffer, L.R.; Kennedy, B.W.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1989
Oct. Journal of animal science v. 67 (10): p. 2536-2543; 1989
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beef cattle; Ovulation; Embryos (animal);
Transplantation; Methodology
69 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
The effects of FSH-priming and dominant follicular regression
on the superovulatory response of cattle.
Gray, B.W.; Cartee, R.E.; Stringfellow, D.A.; Riddell, M.G.;
Riddell, K.P.; Wright, J.C.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Mar.
Theriogenology v. 37 (3): p. 631-639; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cows; Superovulation; Fsh; Graafian follicles;
Ultrasonography; Embryos
Abstract: Thirty superovulatory treatments were administered
to 19 mixed-breed, nonlactating cows. In 10 superovulatory
treatments, the cows were primed with follicle stimulating
hormone (FSH) on the second and third day of the estrous
cycle, and in another 10 superovulatory treatments, the cows
received no priming dosage of FSH. Initiation of the
superovulatory treatments in both groups was determined by
ultrasonically monitoring for regression of the dominant
anovulatory follicle. Still another 10 superovulatory
treatments were begun on Day 10 without regard for regression
of the dominant anovulatory follicle and without a priming
dosage of FSH. The mean days for starting the superovulatory
treatment in the FSH-primed cows, in the nonprimed cows and in
the controls were 10.5, 11.9 and 10 days, respectively. All
cows were treated with eight injections of FSH at 12-hour
intervals in a declining dosage (36 mg total). Cows were bred
naturally and embryos collected nonsurgically seven days
later. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between
the total number of embryos or transferable embryos in the
three treatment groups. In this study neither priming on Days
2 or 3 nor initiating the superovulatory treatment, based on
the morphologic regression of the dominant anovulatory
follicle, was an effective means for improving the
superovulatory response in cattle.
70 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222
Effects of heating the testes and epididymides of rams by
scrotal insulation on fertility and embryonic mortality in
ewes inseminated with frozen semen. Mieusset, R.; Quintana
Casares, P.; Sanchez Partida, L.G.; Sowerbutts, S.F.; Zupp,
J.L.; Setchell, B.P.
Colchester : The Journal; 1992 Mar.
Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 94 (2): p. 337-343;
1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rams; Ewes; Testes; Scrotum; Insulation; Heat
treatment; Body temperature; Spermatozoa; Spermatogenesis;
Semen characters; Motility; Male fertility; Pregnancy; Embryo
mortality
71 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Effects of method of splitting, stage of development and
presence or absence of zona pellucida on foetal survival in
commercial bovine embryo transfer of bisected embryos.
Kippax, I.S.; Christie, W.B.; Rowan, T.G.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 35 (1): p. 25-35; 1991 Jan. Paper presented
at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society, Jan 13-15, 1991, Bournemouth, England. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryos; Splitting; Zona pellucida;
Embryo transfer; Developmental stages; Fetus; Survival
72 NAL Call. No.: RA1190.F8
Effects of methyl benzimidazolecarbamate during early
pregnancy in the rat. Cummings, A.M.; Harris, S.T.; Rehnberg,
G.L.
Duluth, Minn. : Academic Press; 1990 Oct.
Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the
Society of Toxicology v. 15 (3): p. 528-535; 1990 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Carbendazim; Toxicity; Rats; Females; Maternal
effects; Embryo mortality; Embryo implantation; Resorption
73 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
The effects of recombinant bovine interferon-alpha on
fertility in ewes. Martinod, S.; Maurer, R.R.; Siegenthaler,
B.; Gerber, C.; Hansen, P.J. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-
Heinemann; 1991 Aug.
Theriogenology v. 36 (2): p. 231-239; 1991 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Ewes; Female fertility; Lambing rate;
Interferon; Cattle; Intramuscular injection; Natural mating;
Embryo transfer; Embryos; Survival
Abstract: Recombinant bovine interferon-alphaI 1 (rBoIFN-
alpha) may be useful for enhancing fertility in sheep because
it has extensive sequence homology with ovine trophoblast
protein-1. To test the effectiveness of rBoIFN-alpha, several
experiments were performed in which bred females were given
intramuscular injections of rBoIFN-alpha around the time of
maintenance of the corpus luteum. Treatment with rBoIFN-alpha
enhanced the fertility of ewes that were bred via natural
service or embryo transfer of whole or demi-embryos.
Interferon treatment was successful in enhancing lambing rate
if injections were given twice daily from Days 11 to 18, 12 to
14, 12 to 15 or 12 to 16. Overall, the lambing rate for ewes
bred via natural service was 94/1126 (74.6%) for control ewes
and 101/126 (80.2%) for rBoIFN-alpha treated ewes. Litter size
was not affected by treatment. Interferon treatment was not
successful in increasing the lambing rate if given as a single
injection on Day 12 or as a series of once-daily injections
from Days 11 to 16. These results demonstrate that rBoIFN-
alpha can increase the lambing rate in ewes.
74 NAL Call. No.: SF5.A8 1990
Effects of simplified freezing procedures in LN2 container on
the survival by FDA-test of mouse embryos.
Kim, J.K.; Kang, M.J.; Kim, Y.H.
Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan : The Organization Committee, Fifth
AAAP Animal Science Congress; 1990.
Proceedings, the 5th AAAP Animal Science Congress, May 27-June
1, 1990, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. v. 3 p. 250; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Embryos; Freezing techniques
75 NAL Call. No.: SF5.A8 1990
Effects of trehalose as a non-permeating cryoprotectant on the
survival of mouse morulae frozen-thawed ultrarapidly.
Im, K.S.; Kim, S.H.; Chung, K.M.; Lee, C.K.; Lee, Y.B.
Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan : The Organization Committee, Fifth
AAAP Animal Science Congress; 1990.
Proceedings, the 5th AAAP Animal Science Congress, May 27-June
1, 1990, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. v. 3 p. 300; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Embryos; Freezing; Trehalose
76 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55
Efficiency of MOET nucleus breeding schemes in selecting for
traits with low heritability in dairy cattle.
Teepker, G.; Smith, C.
East Lothian, Scotland : Durrant; 1990 Apr.
Animal production v. 50 (pt.2): p. 213-219; 1990 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Breeding programs; Ovulation;
Embryos (animal); Transplantation; Selection; Heritability;
Dairy traits; Genetic correlation; Phenotypic correlation;
Economic factors
77 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Embryo losses in Rasa Aragonesa ewes actively immunized
against androstenedione or passively immunized against
testosterone. Folch, J.; Alabart, J.L.; Cocero, M.J.; Cognie,
Y.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Apr.
Theriogenology v. 35 (4): p. 715-724; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Ewes; Aragonese; Spontaneous abortion;
Embryos; Embryo mortality; Embryo transfer; Androstenedione;
Immunization; Testosterone; Passive immunization; Ovulation
rate; Lambing rate; Fecundity
Abstract: Two-day-old embryos from untreated ewes were
transferred to the oviducts of ewes actively immunized against
androstenedione (n = 26, Group A), passively immunized against
testosterone (n = 19, Group B) or left untreated (n = 25,
Group C). Donor ewes superovulated after treatment with
follicle-stimulating hormone and fluorogestone acetate (FGA).
Recipient ewes were treated with FGA and pregnant mare serum
gonadotropin (PMSG, 300 I.U.). Group A received two injections
of Fecundin at a 4-wk interval. FGA sponges were inserted when
the second injection was given. Group B was treated with
antitestosterone antiserum (35 ml) at sponge withdrawal. Each
recipient received two morphologically viable embryos 52 to 62
h after the onset of estrus. Antibody titre at embryo transfer
and progesterone concentration on Days 2, 4, 6, and 12 after
estrus were determined. Fertility was lower in Group A when
compared to Group C (42.3 vs 84.1%; P < 0.01) while that of
Group B (63.2%) did not differ from those of Groups A and C.
In immunized groups, most of the embryo losses occurring were
complete (both embryos were lost), resulting in a decreased
fertility, while in the untreated group embryo losses were
mainly partial (only one embryo was lost), hence lowering
prolificacy. Fertility in immunized groups changed according
to the antibody titre reached. Ewes from Groups A and B with
higher antibody titres displayed lower fertility than control
ewes. On Days 4 and 12 of the cycle, Group A plasma
progesterone concentrations positively correlated with
antibody titres and were higher with respect to those of Group
C (P < 0.05). Progesterone levels in Group B were similar to
those of Group C. These results indicate that ewes reaching
higher antibody levels had more embryo losses, attributable to
the adverse influences of the oviductal and/or uterine
environment on embryo development.
78 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52
Embryo recovery, evaluation, storage and transfer in goats.
Amoah, E.A.; Gelaye, S.
New York : Elsevier; 1991 Oct.
Small ruminant research v. 6 (1/2): p. 119-129; 1991 Oct.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Goats; Embryo transfer; Embryos; Superovulated
females; Hormones; Frozen storage; Cryoprotectants; Surgical
operations
79 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Embryo recovery from mares exposed to a year-to-year
artificially prolonged daylength.
Kot, K.; Tischner, M.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Sep.
Theriogenology v. 36 (3): p. 357-365; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mares; Embryos; Recovery; Superovulation;
Photoperiod; Seasonality; Coat
Abstract: The aim of the experiment was to determine the
effect of a year-to-year prolonged daylength on the patterns
of equine reproductive activity and results of embryo
recovery. Experiments using Konik Polski mares were conducted
over four reproduction seasons. Five mares were exposed to a
regimen of artificially prolonged daylength (APD) and another
five mares in a control group were kept under conditions of
natural daylight. Both the control and experimental groups
were examined for appearance of estrus, ovulation and also for
the state of their coats. A single stallion was used for
breeding all of the mares. The embryos were recovered
nonsurgically 6 to 9 days after ovulation. All of the mares
exposed to APD showed increased ovarian activity, which
commenced earlier than in the control group. About 19% more
ovulations were detected in the experimental group. The
average number of ovulations per lighted mare per year was
15.3, while in the control group it was 12.4 ovulations (P <
0.05). However, the embryo recovery rate and total number of
embryos obtained from the mares exposed to APD did not exceed
the number of embryos collected from the control mares (P <
0.05). Modification of daylength had a visible effect on the
mares by producing a change in their coats.
80 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222
Embryo survival and conceptus growth after reciprocal embryo
transfer between Chinese Meishan and Landrace X Large White
gilts.
Ashworth, C.J.; Haley, C.S.; Aitken, R.P.; Wilmut, I.
Colchester : The Journal; 1990 Nov.
Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 90 (2): p. 595-603;
1990 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gilts; Pig breeds; Landrace; Large white;
Crosses; Embryos; Survival; Conceptus; Growth; Embryo transfer
81 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Embryo survival in pseudopregnant and in pregnant but
genetically semi-sterile recipients after nonsurgical embryo
transfer in the mouse. Hoeven, F.A. van der; Schouten, M.;
Boer, P. de
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Sep.
Theriogenology v. 36 (3): p. 463-475; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Embryo transfer; Pregnancy; Pseudopregnancy;
Survival; Mice; Superovulation
Abstract: A new nonsurgical embryo transfer technique was
used in the mouse that yielded survival rates of between 40
and 70% depending on embryo stage and, possibly, on the degree
of synchrony between the embryo and recipient. Three variables
were tested using this embryo transfer technique: a)
pseudopregnant recipients vs pregnant but genetically semi-
sterile recipients, b) embryos resulting from superovulation
vs embryos from natural ovulation, and c) 12-hour vs 24-hour
asynchrony between donors and recipients. None of these
variables significantly affected the pregnancy rate or the
percentage of transferred embryos developing to term. The
pregnancy rates were between 77 and 90% in 6 experimental
groups of 8 to 13 females. Survival rates were between 41 and
63% when all recipients were considered and between 53 and 68%
when only the pregnant recipients were included. The embryo
transfer procedure influenced litter size composition of the
endogenous conceptuses of the semi-sterile recipients. Too
many females were devoid of these. Recipients of expanded
blastocysts had significantly better transfer results than
recipients that also received morulae and early blastocysts.
It was concluded that the transfer success rates were
influenced by the recipients and possibly by their preparation
for transfer.
82 NAL Call. No.: SF780.9.I57 1988
Embryo transfer, African swine fever, enzootic bovine
leukosis, animal health status, Berlin recommendations Madrid
(Spain), 27-30 September 1988, 13th Conference of the OIE
Regional Commission for Europe.
International Office of Epizootics. Regional Commission for
Europe. Conference 1988 : Madrid, Spain)
Paris, France : Office international des epizooties,; 1989. v,
303 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Leukemia in animals; African swine fever;
Animals; Embryo transplantation
83 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B4
Embryo transfer and related biotechnologies in cattle.
Seidel, G.E. Jr
Bryan, Tex. : Lang Printing; 1989.
Beef cattle science handbook v. 23: p. 53-58; 1989.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryo transfer; Biotechnology;
Embryology
84 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Embryo transfer as a means of controlling the transmission of
viral infections. XIII. Failure to transmit foot-and-mouth
disease virus through the transfer of embryos from viremic
donors.
Mebus, C.A.; Singh, E.L.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991 Feb.
Theriogenology v. 35 (2): p. 435-441; 1991 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryo transfer; Disease control; Disease
transmission; Foot and mouth disease; Aphthovirus
Abstract: A total of 436 embryos/unfertilized ova was
collected from 30 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) viremic cattle;
106 of these embryos/ova were from eight donors that had FMD
virus in their reproductive tracts. The 436 embryos/ova were
washed and then either assayed in cell culture or
intradermally in steer tongues or transferred to recipients.
Foot-and-mouth infectivity was not found to be associated with
any of the embryos/ova assayed in cell culture or
intradermally. The 149 embryos transferred produced two
abortions, five sets of twins born prematurely, and 15 normal
calves. All of the recipients and all of the calves remained
FMD-seronegative.
85 NAL Call. No.: SF201.E42
Embryo transfer, cattle transcription of proceedings.
Hibburt, Chris
Australian Association of Cattle Veterinarians, University of
Sydney, Post-Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science
Sydney, N.S.W. : Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary
Science,; 1990. iv, 91 p. ; 26 cm. (Refresher course for
veterinarians. Proceedings ; 131.). Includes index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryos; Transplantation; Congresses
86 NAL Call. No.: SF376.2.E4
Embryo transfer goats & sheep, 7-10 December 1989.. Embryo
transfer goats and sheep, 7-10 December 1989
Jackson, Peter
University of Sydney, Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary
Science Sydney South, N.S.W., Australia : Post Graduate
Committee in Veternary Science, University of Sydney,; 1989.
x, 90 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. (Refresher course for veterinarians.
Proceedings, no. 127). "Venue: Orange Agricultural College,
Orange NSW"--T.p. Includes bibliographical references and
index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Embryos; Transplantation; Congresses;
Goats; Embryos; Transplantation; Congresses
87 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
Embryo transfer in animals, January 1986-November 1989.
Cheney, S.
Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1990 Jan.
Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculure,
National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (90-19): 25 p.; 1990
Jan. Updates QB 87-33. Bibliography.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animals; Embryos (animal); Transplantation;
Bibliographies
88 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.O5O5
Embryo transfer in cattle.
Selk, G.
Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1991 Aug.
OSU extension facts - Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma
State University (3158): 4 p.; 1991 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryo transfer; Superovulation;
Insemination; Costs
89 NAL Call. No.: SF767.5.S43
Embryo transfer in dairy cattle.
Seidel, George E.; Elsden, R. P.
Fort Atkinson, Wis. : Hoard's Dairyman,; 1989.
101 p. : ill. ; 27 cm. Includes index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle
90 NAL Call. No.: SF5.A8 1990
Embryo transfer in Korean native cattle.
Yang, B.S.; Oh, S.J.; Yoo, S.H.; Kim, H.S.; Lee, K.S.; Im,
K.S.; Sul, D.S. Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan : The Organization
Committee, Fifth AAAP Animal Science Congress; 1990.
Proceedings, the 5th AAAP Animal Science Congress, May 27-June
1, 1990, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. v. 3 p. 373; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Korea republic; Cattle; Embryo transfer
91 NAL Call. No.: SF5.A8 1990
Embryo transfer in purebred cattle to accelerate the
production in Thailand. Sujarit, V.K.S.; Singhajan, S.;
Sirivejapundu, S.; Satayapunt, C. Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan : The
Organization Committee, Fifth AAAP Animal Science Congress;
1990.
Proceedings, the 5th AAAP Animal Science Congress, May 27-June
1, 1990, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. v. 3 p. 372; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Thailand; Cattle; Animal production; Embryo
transfer
92 NAL Call. No.: 49 W89
Embryo transfer in swine.
Veselinovic, S.; Kosarcic, D.; Veselinovic, S.; Miljkovic, V.;
Mrvos, G.; Kuzmanov, D.; Ninkov, I.; Murgaski, S.; Stancic,
B.; Pursel, V.G. Rome : International Publishing Enterprises;
1991 Jan.
World review of animal production v. 26 (1): p. 67-68; 1991
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gilts; Embryo transfer; Embryo mortality;
Pregnancy rate
93 NAL Call. No.: SF600.C82
Embryo transfer, semen, scrapie, and B.S.E.
Wrathall, A.E.; Brown, K.F.D.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991.
Current topics in veterinary medicine and animal science v.
55: p. 243-253; 1991. In the series analytic: Sub-acute
spongiform encephalopathies / edited by R. Bradley, M. Savey,
and B. Marchant. Proceedings of a Seminar in the CEC
Agricultural Research Programme, November 12-14, 1990,
Brussels. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Scrapie; Vertical transmission; Embryo
transfer; Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
94 NAL Call. No.: SF5.E96 1986
Embryo transfer techniques related to application fields.
Smidt, D.; Niemann, H.
New York : Published by arrangement with the FAO of the UN by
Plenum Press; 1989.
Biotechnology for livestock production / prepared by the
Animal Production and Health Division, FAO. p. 63-70; 1989.
Paper presented at the "Expert Consultation on the Application
of Biotechnology in Livestock Production and Health in
Developing Countries," October 6-10, 1986, Rome, Italy.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Livestock; Embryo transfer; Embryos; Isolation;
Superovulation; Cryopreservation; Donors
95 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Embryo transfer: the next 100 years.
Seidel, G.E. Jr
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 35 (1): p. 171-180; 1991 Jan. Paper
presented at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo
Transfer Society, Jan 13-15, 1991, Bournemouth, England.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Embryo transfer; Biotechnology; Embryology
96 NAL Call. No.: 49 W89
Embryo transplantation in naturally infected swine by
pseudorabies virus. Veselinovic, S.; Veselinovic, S.;
Kosarcic, D.; Mihajlovic, B.; Surjanovic, M.; Bolin, S.R.
Rome : International Publishing Enterprises; 1991 Apr.
World review of animal production v. 26 (2): p. 67-68; 1991
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Aujeszky virus; Aujeszky's disease; Embryo
transfer; Disease transmission; Latent infections
97 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Embryogenesis in conservation biology--or, how to make an
endangered species embryo.
Wildt, D.E.; Monfort, S.L.; Donoghue, A.M.; Johnston, L.A.;
Howard, J. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 37 (1): p. 161-184; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wildlife; Wildlife conservation; Embryogenesis;
Embryo culture; Artificial insemination; Embryo transfer
Abstract: Embryo technologies have not as yet contributed to
practical conservation of rare wildlife species. Production of
young following artificial insemination (AI), embryo transfer
(ET) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been sporadic, and it
is now clear that biological differences among species limit
our abilities to adapt these techniques easily to rare
species. Nonetheless, there is encouraging progress at two
levels. First, there is more acceptance that rare wildlife
species safely tolerate the manipulations necessary to collect
basic reproductive information or to test artificial breeding.
This has increased access to rare animal populations and
helped develop organized captive breeding programs, many of
which emphasize the need for more research, Secondly, a
gradually developing database about how these species
reproduce is driving more systematic experimentation and
artificial breeding attempts. Studies in our laboratory focus
on producing embryos in vivo or in vitro. When essential
information is available on fundamental reproductive
processes, and, especially when comparative data are available
from a domesticated animal model, then AI techniques are
adapted to the endangered species. When few data are
available, then studies emphasize using IVF (often in
combination with in vitro oocyte maturation) to examine the
factors regulating embryo formation and viability. These
strategies are illustrated by recent progress involving (i) AI
of select species of cervids, felids and mustelids, (ii)
oocyte maturation in felids and (iii) IVF and ET in felids.
Offspring have been produced, but perhaps more important are
the answers to fundamental and mechanistic questions about why
some wildlife species thrive and others do not. If reality-
based conservation is defined as a continual data-gathering
process that assimilates any and all information ultimately
useful for preserving species, then embryo technologies are
making considerable contributions to conservation biolog
98 NAL Call. No.: 442.9 SO1
Embryogenesis recapitulates oogenesis in swine.
Pope, W.F.
Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1992 Mar.
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and
Medicine v. 199 (3): p. 273-281; 1992 Mar. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gilts; Oocytes; Follicles; Blastocyst; Embryo
transfer; Embryonic development; Embryo mortality; Oogenesis;
Ovulation; Literature reviews
Abstract: Events during oogenesis can affect embryogenesis so
dramatically that oocytes can be identified that are
progenitors of embryos which would probably die if they
remained in the host pig, but would live if appropriately
transferred to another female. This review goes backward from
embryonic to oocyte development, first discussing how subtle
differences between littermate embryos can result in the death
of some embryos and then relating the causes of those
differences to events during follicular maturation. Embryonic
development is not uniform in swine. The larger blastocysts
within a litter synthesize estradiol sooner than their less
developed contemporaries. Estradiol advances uterine
secretions to the benefit of the more developed blastocysts,
but results in an asynchronous and hostile environment for the
less developed blastocysts. Through a series of experiments,
the pattern of oocyte and follicular development was found to
be one of the sources of subsequent disparity among
blastocysts. in pigs mated before ovulation, the first oocytes
released at ovulation were the first fertilized and became the
more developed blastocysts 12 days later. Inversely, the later
ovulated oocytes were the last to be fertilized and became the
smaller blastocysts. These smaller blastocysts can develop
normally, but because of estrogenic advancement of uterine
secretions, they will preferentially die.
99 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Embryonic loss in superovulated cattle caused by the 1;29
Robertsonian translocation.
Schmutz, S.M.; Moker, J.S.; Barth, A.D.; Mapletoft, R.J.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Apr.
Theriogenology v. 35 (4): p. 705-714; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beef cows; Beef bulls; Embryo mortality;
Spontaneous abortion; Superovulation; Chromosome
translocation; Karyotypes; Chromosome aberrations; Ova;
Fertilization; Female fertility; Ovulation rate
Abstract: The effect of the 1;29 Robertsonian translocation
on fertility was studied using embryos resulting from matings
of nine carrier cows and two carrier bulls. Embryos were
collected from the following three mating groups utilizing
superovulation: normal bull cross normal cow, normal bull
cross translocation carrier cow, and translocation carrier
bull cross normal cow. The proportion of ova which were
fertilized did not vary among the groups, indicating that
fertilization rates were not affected by the translocation.
The translocation cows did yield fewer embryos on average than
did cows with normal karyotypes, which may suggest ovulation
rates are reduced (at least after superovulation attempts) in
cattle carrying the 1;29 translocation. Twenty of 39 embryos
successfully karyotyped had abnormal chromosome complements.
All four of the theoretically predicted karyotypes and two
additional abnormal combinations were found. Eight of 39
(20.5%) embryos karyotyped had unbalanced karyotypes which
would have resulted in embryonic loss. The proportion of
embryos with unbalanced karyotypes, was slightly higher when
the cow (36%) carried the translocation than when the bull
(19%) did. Results of this study indicate that fertility is
impaired due to the presence of this translocation. The major
loss in reproductive potential appears to be due to embryonic
loss rather than fertilization failure.
100 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Embryo-transfer twinning and performance efficiency in beef
production. Guerra-Martinez, P.; Dickerson, G.E.; Anderson,
G.B.; Green, R.D. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal
Science; 1990 Sep. Journal of animal science v. 68 (12): p.
4039-4050; 1990 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beef cattle; Embryo transfer; Twinning; Beef
production; Cost benefit analysis; Liveweight gain
101 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Endocrine changes in beef heifers superovulated with follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH-P) or human menopausal gonadotropin.
Alcivar, A.A.; Maurer, R.R.; Anderson, L.L.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992
Jan. Journal of animal science v. 70 (1): p. 224-231; 1992
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heifers; Beef cows; Superovulated females; Human
menopausal gonadotropin; Fsh; Prostaglandins; Lh; Hormone
secretion; Intramuscular injection; Intravenous injection;
Estradiol
Abstract: The effects of superovulatory treatment (FSH-P vs
human menopausal gonadotropin, HMG) and of route of
administration (i.m. vs. i.v.) of prostaglandin F2, (PGF2
alpha) on hormonal profiles were determined in 32 Angus X
Hereford heifers. Heifers were superstimulated with either
FSH-P (total of 26 mg) or HMG (total of 1,050 IU) beginning on
d 9 to 12 of an estrous cycle and PGF2 alpha (40 mg) was
administered at 60 and 72 h after the beginning of
superovulatory treatments. Heifers were artificially
inseminated three times at 12-h intervals beginning 48 h after
PGF2 alpha treatment. Blood serum samples were collected
immediately before treatments began, at 12-h intervals during
the first 60 h, each 4 h during the next 96 h, and each 12 h
until day of embryo collection. Concentrations of LH and FSH
were not affected by hormone treatments, route of PGF2 alpha
injection, or interactions between them. Estradiol-17 beta
(E2-17 beta) levels were higher (P < .05) in HMG- than in FSH-
P-treated heifers 60 h after gonadotropin treatment. Peak
concentration of E2-17 beta occurred earlier (P < .05) in HMG-
than in FSH-P-treated heifers and earlier in heifers injected
with PGF2 alpha i.m. than in those injected i.v. Progesterone
concentrations were not influenced by treatment or route of
PGF2 alpha administration, but were affected (P < .01) by the
interactions between treatment and route of PGF2 alpha
administration. Progesterone declined to basal levels earlier
in the FSH-P- than in the HMG-treated heifers. Progesterone
began to increase 24 h after the LH peak in the FSH-P group
but remained at basal levels at 24 h for the HMG-treated
heifers. The progesterone:E2-17 beta ratio was also higher in
FSH-P- than in HMG-treated heifers 24 h after LH peak.
Premature regression of corpora lutea was observed after
estrus in 19% of the heifers, as indicated by decreased
progesterone concentrations at the time of embryo collection.
Based on the endocrine changes presented here we suggest t
102 NAL Call. No.: SF951.V47
Equine embryo transfer.
McKinnon, A.O.; Squires, E.L.
Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders; 1988 Aug.
The Veterinary clinics of North America : equine practice v. 4
(2): p. 305-333. ill; 1988 Aug. In the series analytic:
Reproduction / edited by S.D. Van Camp. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mares; Embryos (animal); Blastocyst; Morphology;
Transplantation; Synchronized females; Embryonic development;
Conception rate; Collection; Quality
103 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Estrus induction with prostaglandin F2 alpha, cloprostenol or
fenprostalene during the normal estrous cycle, superovulation
and after embryo collection. Desaulniers, D.M.; Guay, P.;
Vaillancourt, D.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Oct.
Theriogenology v. 34 (4): p. 667-682; 1990 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heifers; Estrus; Superovulation; Prostaglandins;
Analogs; Synchronization; Embryos; Collection
104 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Evaluation and exploitation of crossbreeding in dairy cattle.
Swan, A.A.; Kinghorn, B.P.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Feb. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (2): p. 624-639; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Crossbreeding; Breed differences;
Heterosis; Epistasis; Mathematical models; Matrices; Sires;
Dams (mothers); Genotypes
Abstract: Given appropriate genetic resources, there is a
range of approaches that can be taken to exploit crossbreeding
in dairy cattle. These all require animal evaluation in a
procedure that accommodates the genetic mechanisms causing
heterosis and the effect of mate genotype on progeny merit.
For each characteristic measured, expression in each crossbred
type can be considered as a different trait and a multitrait
model fined for predicting a range of proofs, one for each
candidate mate genotype. Implementation of mate selection
based on these evaluations can be carried out to yield a
sensible "fine structure" of program design (optimally
exploiting crossing and selection effects) within a chosen
"coarse structure" of program design (such as four-pathway
design or multiple ovulation and embryo transfer design).
Future developments may yield mate selection strategies that
also generate such coarse structure designs, accommodating
benefits of assortative mating, appropriate progeny testing,
avoidance of inbreeding, attention to genetic connection
between breeds, herds, and countries, and other animal
breeding issues of importance.
105 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Evaluation of the incorporation of GnRH into a superovulatory
regimen for Zebu cattle.
Posadas, E.; Valencia, J.; Zarco, L.; Avila, J.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Apr.
Theriogenology v. 35 (4): p. 761-767; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zebu; Cows; Superovulation; Gnrh; Fsh;
Luteolysis; Estrus; Embryos; Ova; Collection; Embryo transfer;
Rectal palpation; Corpus luteum; Blastocyst; Morula; Embryonic
development
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the
utilization of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) as part
of a superovulatory regimen for Zebu cattle. Forty Zebu cows
were superovulated with 40 mg of follicle stimulating hormone-
pituitary (FSH-P) divided in eight fractions of 5 mg injected
at 12-h intervals. Luteolysis was induced with 15 mg of
luprostiol injected at 48 h after the first injection of FSH-
P. Half of the animals were injected with 200 micrograms of
GnRH 3 h after the onset of standing estrus. The other 20
animals were not injected with GnRH. All the cows were
inseminated three times at 12-h intervals, starting at the
time of standing estrus. Embryos were recovered nonsurgically
7 d after the last insemination. Palpation per rectum
performed immediately after collection of the embryos did not
show differences in the number of corpora lutea between groups
(P > 0.05). Likewise, there were no significant differences
between treatments with respect to the total number of embryos
plus ova, total number of embryos, or the number of
transferable embryos recovered (P > 0.05). The number of
blastocysts, morulae, degenerated morulae and unfertilized ova
was similar for the two groups. It is concluded that the
incorporation of GnRH into a part of the superovulatory
treatment for Zebu cattle does not improve the results of such
treatment.
106 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Exogenous oxytocin dilates the cervix in ewes.
Khalifa, R.M.E.; Sayre, B.L.; Lewis, G.S.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992
Jan. Journal of animal science v. 70 (1): p. 38-42; 1992 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ewes; Oxytocin; Cervix; Dilation; Embryo
transfer; Artificial insemination; Estradiol
Abstract: Cervical anatomy in ewes usually prevents
nonsurgical, intrauterine AI and transcervical embryo transfer
(ET), which limits their commercial use in sheep. This study
was conducted to determine whether oxytocin would dilate the
cervix in ewes and permit passage of a stainless steel rod
into the uterus. In Exp. 1, at 44 and 52 h after removal of
progestogenated pessaries, ewes were injected i.v. with 0
(saline), 200, 400, or 600 USP units of oxytocin. Immediately
before and after treatments, stainless steel rods were used to
evaluate cervical dilation and determine whether the uterus
could be entered. A rod could not be passed through the cervix
and into the uterus in any of the saline-treated ewes. All
doses of oxytocin given at 44 and 52 h after pessary removal
dilated the cervix and permitted easy passage of a rod into
the uterus. At both 44 and 52 h, a stainless steel rod was
passed into the uterus in 33 of 43 (77%) of the oxytocin-
treated ewes. In 93% (40/43) of these ewes, a rod could be
passed into the uterus during either the 44-h or during the
52-h attempt. In Exp. 2, on d 9 after pessary removal, ewes
were injected i.v. with oxytocin (400 USP units) at 6 or 12 h
after i.v. estradiol-17 beta (0, l00, or 200 microgram).
Cervical dilation was evaluated as in Exp. 1. Dose of
estradiol X time of oxytocin affected (P < .01) the proportion
of ewes in which a rod could be passed transcervically into
the uterus. A rod was passed into the uterus in 83% of the
ewes treated with oxytocin 12 h after 100 and 200 microgram of
estradiol-17 beta; maximum success rate was 50% for the other
treatments. Results indicate that oxytocin given 44 and 52 h
after pessary removal and estrogen and oxytocin given 9 d
after pessary removal dilated the cervix in ewes. These
treatments may be useful for improving AI and ET procedures in
sheep.
107 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Experience of MOET with Welsh Black cattle in a group breeding
scheme. Brown, C.M.; Axford, R.F.E.; Williams, G.; Wilson,
I.B.H.; Owen, J.B. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers;
1990 Jul.
Theriogenology v. 34 (1): p. 159-165; 1990 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cows; Welsh black; Breeding programs; Ovulation;
Embryos (animal); Transfers; Viability
108 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Factors affecting low temperature survival of mammalian
oocytes. Parks, J.E.; Ruffing, N.A.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 37 (1): p. 59-73; 1992 Jan. Paper presented
at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society, held Jan 12-14, 1992, Denver, CO. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oocytes; Cryopreservation; Survival; Viability;
Mammals
Abstract: The ability to cryopreserve mammalian oocytes
effectively would greatly increase their availability for a
broad range of reproductive technologies. Oocytes have been
frozen using both equilibrium and non-equilibrium approaches
originally developed for mammalian cleavage-stage embryos, but
rates of fertilization and development are typically much
lower than with unfrozen oocytes. Production of live young
from frozen oocytes of domestic animals has not been reported.
Sensitivity of cytoskeletal elements, the meiotic spindle and
other components of the cortical ooplasm to chilling and
cryoprotective agents may contribute to the limited success in
oocyte cryopreservation. Oocytes are also subject to physical
events during freezing which influence cell survival.
Estimates of biophysical parameters which influence the
osmotic and cryobiological responses of oocytes are becoming
available and may be useful for developing freezing protocols.
109 NAL Call. No.: QL876.B5
Factors affecting the efficiency of nuclear transplantation in
the rabbit embryo.
Collas, P.; Robl, J.M.
Champaign, Ill. : Society for the Study of Reproduction; 1990
Nov. Biology of reproduction v. 43 (5): p. 877-884. ill; 1990
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Embryos; Culture; Oocytes;
Transplantation; Cloning; Cytochalasin b
110 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Factors affecting the survival of bisected sheep embryos in
vivo. Szell, A.; Hudson, R.H.H.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Sep.
Theriogenology v. 36 (3): p. 379-387; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Embryos; Splitting; Embryo transfer;
Survival; Collection; Age; Developmental stages; Sucrose;
Dehydration
Abstract: Two experiments were carried out to examine the
effects of different factors on the survival of split sheep
embryos. In Experiment 1, embryos collected on Day-6, Day-7 or
Day-8 were bisected and transferred into recipient ewes in
pairs. The proportions of Day-6, Day-7 and Day-8 demi-embryos
developing to lambs were 26% (14/54), 30% (31/102) and 32%
(24/74), respectively. Replacement of bisected late morula to
expanded late blastocyst stage embryos into zonae did not
affect their survival rate (P > 0.5). The proportion of demi-
embryos developing to lambs in recipients with two or more
ovulations was higher (35%, 53/152) than in recipients with a
single ovulation (21%, 16/78; P < 0.05). In Experiment 2,
Day-6 embryos were split with or without exposure to 0.25 M of
sucrose and were transferred into recipients in pairs or
singly. Exposure to 0.25 M of sucrose decreased the proportion
of split embryos developing to lambs compared with that of the
controls (31%, 22/70 vs 49%, 34/70; P<0.05). The effects of
the number of demi-embryos transferred or the stage of
development on the survival rate were not significant (P >
0.05). The number of lambs born per original embryo was the
highest when the embryos were split without exposure to
sucrose and transferred into recipients singly (106%, 17/16).
111 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Factors affecting the viability of nuclear transplanted
embryos. Smith, L.C.; Wilmut, I.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 33 (1): p. 153-164. ill; 1990 Jan. Paper
presented at the "Annual Conference of the International
Embryo Transfer Society," Jan 14-16, 1990, Denver, Colorado.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Embryos (animal); Nuclei; Transplantation;
Viability
112 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Factors affecting viability of fresh and frozen-thawed sheep
demi-embryos. Shelton, J.N.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Mar.
Theriogenology v. 37 (3): p. 713-721; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Embryos; Blastocyst; Morula; Freezing;
Sucrose; Ethylene glycol; Glycerol; Survival;
Cryopreservation; Cryoprotectants; Embryo transfer; Pregnancy
rate
Abstract: The addition of 0.1 M sucrose to the medium in
which sheep embryos were bisected had no effect (39.5 vs
36.4%) on the survival rate of demi-embryos transferred (one
per ewe) to recipients. There was a trend to greater survival
of demi-blastocysts (44.7%) compared to demi-morulae (30%),
and all the surviving twins were derived from the
demiblastocysts. It is suggested that the survival of
demimorulae is enhanced by the transfer of two demi-morulae to
one uterine horn. In three experiments demi-embryos were
frozen after the addition of 1.5 M glycerol in three or six
steps or after the addition of 1.5 M ethylene glycol in six
steps. No treatment resulted in acceptable survival rates of
the demi-embryos transferred to recipients after thawing and
step-wise removal of the cryoprotectant. Overall, 8 of 142
(5.6%) cryopreserved demi-embryos survived as 50-day fetuses
or term lambs compared with 14 of 31 (45.2%) whole embryos.
113 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Failure of embryo transfer to transmit BLV in a dairy herd.
DiGiacomo, R.F.; McGinnis, L.K.; Studer, E.; Evermann, J.F.
London : The Association; 1990 Nov03.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary
Association v. 127 (18): p. 456; 1990 Nov03. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Bovine oncovirus; Bovine leukosis;
Vertical transmission; Embryo transfer; Herds
114 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Failure of embryos from bluetongue infected cattle to transmit
virus to susceptible recipients or their offspring.
Acree, J.A.; Echternkamp, S.E.; Kappes, S.M.; Luedke, A.J.;
Holbrook, F.R.; Pearson, J.E.; Ross, G.S.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Oct.
Theriogenology v. 36 (4): p. 689-697; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heifers; Bluetongue virus; Embryos; Disease
transmission; Vertical transmission; Embryo transfer
Abstract: Sixty heifers were infected with bluetongue virus
(BTV) by the bites of the vector and by inoculation with
insect origin virus. During the acute and convalescent stages
of the infection, embryos were collected nonsurgically from
these animals and washed according to the recommendations of
the International Embryo Transfer Society (1). No BTV was
isolated from 77 of these embryos when they were inoculated
onto cell culture and into embryonating chicken eggs. There
was no evidence of lateral BTV transmission when 231 of these
embryos were transferred into susceptible recipients, nor was
there evidence of vertical BTV transmission to the 88 calves
resulting from these transfers. Another six donors that were
assumed to have recovered from a natural infection of BTV,
were added to the study to increase the probability of
obtaining embryos from a persistently infected BTV carrier.
However, it was determined later that these animals had not
been infected with BTV but with the closely-related epizootic
hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV). Embryos were collected from
these donors and washed as above. Neitheos;
Embryo transf
isolated from 26 of these embryos by the inoculation of cell
culture and embryonating chicken eggs. There was no evidence
of lateral BTV or EHDV transmission to recipients of 15 of
these embryos or of vertical BTV or EHDV transmission to the
resulting 7 calves. However, two recipients of embryos from
one of these donors developed antibodies to BTV 6 to 9 months
after transfer. Passive antibodies to BTV were also detected
in their calves. There is good evidence that these two
recipients acquired BTV from natural exposure to infected
insect vectors and not from the transferred embryos.
115 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222
Failure to maintain interspecific pregnancy after transfer of
Dall's sheep embryos to domestic ewes.
Buckrell, B.C.; Gartley, C.J.; Mehren, K.G.; Crawshaw, G.J.;
Johnson, W.H.; Barker, I.K.; Balke, J.; Coghill, C.; Challis,
J.R.G.; Goodrowe, K.L. Colchester : The Journal; 1990 Nov.
Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 90 (2): p. 387-394;
1990 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Ovis dalli; Ewes; Embryos; Embryo
transfer; Superovulation; Pregnancy
116 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Female traits, ovary and follicle characteristics, and the
conditional probability of normal oocyte development after
superovulation of beef cows. Greer, R.C.; Staigmiller, R.B.;
Parrish, J.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992
Jan. Journal of animal science v. 70 (1): p. 263-272; 1992
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beef cows; Superovulated females; Plane of
nutrition; Ovaries; Graafian follicles; Oocytes; Progesterone;
Mathematical models; Cumulus oophorus
Abstract: The proportion of transferable beef embryos
obtained after superovulation, follicle aspiration, and in
vitro maturation and fertilization has been small. To seek
possible explanations, cows on different planes of nutrition
were treated with exogenous gonadotropin and oocytes were
isolated from their ovaries. The record for each oocyte
included characteristics of the follicle, ovary, and cow from
which it was obtained and the response to in vitro maturation,
fertilization, and development. The sample was used to obtain
estimates of the relationships among the variables. The
logistic function with the probability of normal development
as the dependent variable was the basic equation of the
statistical model. When an explanatory variable was itself a
result of the biological system, an equation explaining
variation therein was added to the model. Had equations
representing endogenous regressors not been added to the model
a simple, single equation would have represented oocyte
development response; given an oocyte at aspiration only one
variable, cumulus quantity, was found to condition the
probability of normal development directly. However, the
complete model included four additional equations: 1) the
probability that an oocyte was recovered at aspiration was
conditional on the plane of nutritional treatment and
progesterone concentration in follicular fluid; 2) cumulus
quantity was conditional on the presence on a corpus luteum,
follicle size, and progesterone concentration; 3) progesterone
concentration was dependent on plane of nutrition; and 4)
corpus luteum was conditional on plane of nutrition. The
estimated model provided some insight into the complexity of
oocyte development response and the role nutrition may play.
117 NAL Call. No.: 49 W89
The fertility of donor cows after participation in an embryo
transplantation programme.
Veselinovic, S.; Veselinovic, S.; Kosarcic, D.; Kovacevic, K.;
Jovin, N.; Jovicin, M.; Mandic, L.
Rome : International Publishing Enterprises; 1990 Apr.
World review of animal production v. 25 (2): p. 49-50; 1990
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cows; Female fertility; Embryo transfer;
Superovulation
118 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J82
Folate deficiency alone does not produce neural tube defects
in mice. Heid, M.K.; Bills, N.D.; Hinrichs, S.H.; Clifford,
A.J.
Bethesda, Md. : American Institute of Nutrition; 1992 Apr. The
Journal of nutrition v. 122 (4): p. 888-894; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diet; Vitamin deficiencies; Folic acid; Nervous
system diseases; Mice
Abstract: The incidence of neural tube defects was studied in
mouse embryos from dams fed an amino acid-based diet
containing 45, 91, 136, 181, 227 or 453 nmol folic acid/kg
diet (Experiment 1) or 227, 453, 566, 680, 906, 1132, 1698 or
2266 nmol folic acid/kg diet (Experiment 2). Reproductive
tracts were examined 12 d postcoltum and gross and microscopic
examination of all embryos was performed. A single
implantation was found at levels less than or equal to 181
nmol folic acid/kg diet. With one exception, bred mice fed 227
or 453 nmol folic acid/kg diet in Experiment 1 had 100%
resorptions. In Experiment 2, 100% of implantations in mice
fed 227 nmol folic acid/kg diet and approximately 75% of
implantations in mice fed 453 or 566 nmol folic acid/kg diet
resorbed. The 906 nmol folic acid/kg diet was sufficient for
successful pregnancy. Mice fed 227 nmol folic acid/kg diet in
Experiment 2 weighed approximately 80% of mice fed higher
levels of folic acid. Inadequate dietary folic acid resulted
in fewer and smaller embryos (which developed normally). These
results suggest that folate deficiency alone is insufficient
to produce neural tube defects in Swiss-Webster mice. Because
individual micronutrients (e.g., folate) can be omitted from
the amino acid-based diet, the specific role of folic acid in
neurulation can now be studied systematically.
119 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R3224
Follicular dynamics and superovulation in cattle.
Guibault, L.A.; Lussier, J.G.; Grasso, F.; Matton, P.;
Rouillier, P. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical
Association; 1991 Feb. The Canadian veterinary journal v. 32
(2): p. 91-93; 1991 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cows; Embryo transfer; Superovulation; Follicles;
Ova; Fsh; Oogenesis
120 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Follicular dynamics in sheep and cattle.
Draincourt, M.A.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 35 (1): p. 55-79; 1991 Jan. Paper presented
at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society, Jan 13-15, 1991, Bournemouth, England. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Cattle; Follicles; Growth;
Differentiation; Biological development; Morphology;
Gonadotropins
121 NAL Call. No.: SF5.A8 1990
Freezing of porcine embryos.
Jung, J.K.; Chang, W.K.
Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan : The Organization Committee, Fifth
AAAP Animal Science Congress; 1990.
Proceedings, the 5th AAAP Animal Science Congress, May 27-June
1, 1990, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. v. 3 p. 245; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Embryos; Freezing
122 NAL Call. No.: QC278.C72
Freezing of sheep embryos in 3.0 M methanol.
Czlonkowska, M.; Papis, K.; Guszkiewicz, A.; Kossakowski, M.;
Eysymont, U. Cambridge : The Journal; 1991 Jan.
Cryo letters v. 12 (1): p. 11-16; 1991 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Embryos; Methanol; Cryoprotectants;
Cryopreservation; Freezing; Thawing; Survival
123 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Full-term development of bovine follicular oocytes matured in
culture and fertilized in vitro.
Utsumi, K.; Kato, H.; Iritani, A.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Apr.
Theriogenology v. 35 (4): p. 695-703; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Cows; Oocytes; Graafian follicles; Cell
culture; In vitro; Maturation; Fertilization; Spermatozoa;
Penetration; Cleavage; Blastocyst; Embryo transfer; Pregnancy
rate; Oviducts; Rabbits
Abstract: Follicular oocytes were cultured for 28h in vitro
and 91% of the oocytes reached the second metaphase in
culture. The penetration rate after insemination in vitro
using frozen-thawed spermatozoa was 81%. After cultivation for
48h in vitro, 18% of the in vitro fertilized oocytes developed
to the three- to four-cell stages and 21% of these developed
to the six- to eight-cell stages. Following in vivo culture in
the rabbit oviduct, 18% of six- to eight-cell and 5% of three-
to four-cell embryos developed to the blastocyst stage. To
confirm the full developmental competence, 11 blastocysts were
transferred to recipient cows, and six (55%) cows became
pregnant or delivered calves.
124 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Genetic variation in reproductive responses to a high-energy
diet in mice. Pomp, D.; Eisen, E.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991
May. Journal of animal science v. 69 (5): p. 1875-1884; 1991
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Flushing; Genetic variation; Ovulation rate;
Embryo mortality; Selection; Plane of nutrition; Energy
intake; Litter size; Body weight; Embryo implantation; Mice
Abstract: Effects of a high-energy diet on reproduction were
studied in 300 mice from lines selected for litter size
and(or) 6-wk BW (L+, increased litter size; W+, increased body
weight; L+W-, increased litter size and decreased body weight;
L-W+, decreased litter size and increased body weight; and K,
randomly selected control). Mice received a high-energy diet
(HED; 3.8 kcal/g of ME) or a standard diet (STD; 3.3 kcal/g of
ME) from 8 to 11 wk of age and were then mated and evaluated
for ovulation rate and embryo survival through 17 d of
gestation. The HED increased ovulation rate in all lines (P <
.05). The line X diet interaction was significant, with
increased ovulation rate due to HED ranging from 9.9% in W+ to
24.2% in L-W+. Within-line regression coefficients of
ovulation rate on ME intake (kilocalories from 10 to 11 wk)
varied from .08 +/- .04 (P < .05) in L+W- to .177 +/- .05 (P <
.01) in L+. In contrast, nonsignificant increases were
observed in litter size (live fetuses at 17 d of gestation)
due to HED. Effects of HED on embryo survival rate were
significantly negative in L+ and L+W-; the decrease in L+ was
a result of preimplantation losses, and the decrease in L+W-
was due to postimplantation losses. The line X diet
interaction was significant for postimplantation embryo
survival. The results indicate significant genetic variation
in reproductive responses to a high-energy diet in mice.
125 NAL Call. No.: QL876.B5
Human leukemia inhibitory factor improves the viability of
cultured ovine embryos.
Fry, R.C.; Batt, P.A.; Fairclough, R.J.; Parr, R.A.
Champaign, Ill. : Society for the Study of Reproduction; 1992
Mar. Biology of reproduction v. 46 (3): p. 470-474; 1992 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ewes; Embryos; Culture techniques; Leukemia;
Inhibitors
Abstract: Embryos were collected from ewes on Day 6 after
estrus (Day 0 = estrus), placed in M2 culture medium, and
assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups. Some embryos were
transferred to recipient ewes on Day 6 of their estrous cycle
either in pairs (group 1) or singularly (group 2) within 3 h
of collection. The remaining embryos were individually
cultured for 48 h in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in humidified air
in either synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) medium (group 3) or
SOF containing 1000 U/ml of recombinant human leukemia
inhibitory factor (hLIF) (SOF + hLIF: group 4). These embryos
were then transferred to recipient ewes on Day 8 of their
estrous cycle. The addition of hLIF to culture medium
significantly improved the development of the embryos compared
with control embryos prior to transfer blastocysts hatching
from the zona pellucida: group 3 = 16% vs. group 4 = 64%, p <
0.05; those degenerative: group 3 = 27% vs. group 4 = 9%, p <
0.05) and the subsequent pregnancy rates of the recipient
ewes, receiving a single embryo, at Day 70 of pregnancy (group
3 = 16% vs. group 4 = 50%, p < 0.05). The pregnancy rate of
ewes given embryos cultured for 48 h in SOF + hLIF prior to
transfer 50%; group 4) was similar to the group 2 ewes
receiving a single embryo soon after collection (52%), but the
pregnancy rate for both groups was significantly lower than
that for the group 1 ewes receiving two embryos soon after
collection (89%: 53% twins, 36% singles; p < 0.05).
126 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Hyaluronic acid as a substitute for proteins in the deep-
freezing of embryos from mice and sheep: an in vitro
investigation.
Joly, T.; Nibart, M.; Thibier, M.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Feb.
Theriogenology v. 37 (2): p. 473-480; 1992 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Mice; Morula; Embryo transfer; Frozen
storage; Bovine serum albumin; Hyaluronic acid; In vitro;
Embryo culture; Disease prevention; Embryo mortality;
Blastocyst
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the
ability of frozen-thawed mouse and sheep embryos to develop in
vitro after introducing hyaluronic acid (HA) into the freezing
medium as a substitute for biological proteins. A total of 443
mouse embryos and 120 sheep embryos were divided into equal
numbers to be frozen in one of two freezing media containing
either 4 mg/ml BSA (control) or 1 mg/ml HA (treated). Overall,
80% of the mouse embryos developed after thawing, with no
significant difference (P > 0.05) between the two freezing
media. Similarly, 75% of the frozen-thawed sheep embryos
developed in culture after thawing, with no differences (P >
0.05) between the two groups. It was concluded that although
the handling of embryos is more difficult with the HA compound
than with BSA, the HA compound may be safely substituted for
BSA for international movement of embryos, if these
preliminary results are confirmed in vivo.
127 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AU72
The impact of pestivirus on an artificial breeding program for
cattle. Kirkland, P.D.; Hart, K.G.; Moyle, A.; Rogan, E.
Brunswick, Victoria : Australian Veterinary Association; 1990
Jul. Australian veterinary journal v. 67 (7): p. 261-263; 1990
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Beef cattle; Bovine diarrhea virus;
Pneumonia; Mortality; Calves; Beef herds; Susceptibility;
Serology; Pregnancy; Embryo transfer; Outbreaks; Screening;
Disease transmission
128 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55
The importance of family sizes in adult multiple ovulation and
embryo transfer (MOET) nucleus breeding schemes in dairy
cattle.
Ruane, J.
East Lothian, Scotland : Durrant; 1991 Feb.
Animal production v. 52 (pt.1): p. 33-47; 1991 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Nucleus scheme; Superovulated
females; Embryo transfer; Selection program; Monte carlo
method; Selection responses; Family size
129 NAL Call. No.: QP251.R47
In vitro assessment of the viability of sheep zygotes after
pronuclear microinjection.
Walker, S.K.; Heard, T.M.; Verma, P.J.; Rogers, G.E.; Bawden,
C.S.; Sivaprasad, A.V.; McLaughlin, K.J.; Seamark, R.F.
East Melbourne, Vic., Australia : Commonwealth Scientific and
Industrial Research Organization; 1990.
Reproduction, fertility, and development v. 2 (6): p. 633-640;
1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ewes; Zygotes; Embryo culture; Culture media;
Embryo transfer; Viability
130 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
In vitro culture of pig embryos.
Reed, M.L.; Illera, M.J.; Petters, R.M.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 37 (1): p. 95-109; 1992 Jan. Paper
presented at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo
Transfer Society, held Jan 12-14, 1992, Denver, CO. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Embryos; Embryo culture; Culture media;
Oviducts; Mice
Abstract: Culture of pig embryos obtained prior to the four-
cell stage has been difficult to accomplish. The 'in vitro
developmental block' at the four-cell stage can be overcome by
a number of methods to allow complete development of pig
embryos from the one-cell stage to the blastocyst stage in
vitro. Mouse oviducts in organ culture have been shown to
provide a suitable environment for pig embryo development. Co-
culture of pig embryos with oviductal cells or supplementation
of culture medium with pig oviductal fluid results in improved
embryonic development in vitro. Modifications to simple
culture media have demonstrated that glutamine can serve as
the sole exogenous energy source for development from the
zygote to the blastocyst stage in vitro. Glucose was not
inhibitory to the development of pig embryos in vitro.
Addition of taurine and hypotaurine to the medium further
increased the degree of embryo development in vitro. A number
of different media have been reported that support pig embryo
development in vitro. Although the nature of the 'in vitro
developmental block' is not known, a number of methods now
exist to circumvent this problem in the pig.
131 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
In vitro culture of sheep embryos without co-culture successes
and perspectives.
Walker, S.K.; Heard, T.M.; Seamark, R.F.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 37 (1): p. 111-126; 1992 Jan. Paper
presented at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo
Transfer Society, held Jan 12-14, 1992, Denver, CO. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Embryos; Embryo culture; Culture media;
Viability
Abstract: The finding that zygotes (one-cell embryos) from
several livestock species can be routinely cultured in
relatively simple media to the blastocyst stage questions the
nature of the environment provided by the oviducts for the
development of early stage embryos. In this paper, we review
recent findings on the development of sheep embryos in simple
media without co-culture. Evidence indicates that embryos are
relatively insensitive to changes in the composition of media
and that zygotes can develop to blastocysts at rates equal to
or higher than those obtained in vivo. However, in vitro
culture is associated with several developmental
abnormalities. These include cytoplasmic fragmentation, early
time of blastocoele formation and a reduced number of nuclei
per blastocyst. Viability of embryos (to Day 50 of pregnancy)
after 5 days of culture was reduced compared with embryos
cultured in vivo (48.2% vs. 59.4%, P<0.1). Similarly, the
viability of micromanipulated (pronuclear gene injected)
embryos was significantly reduced after a comparable in vitro
culture period (17.0% vs. 26.8%, P<0.05). Preliminary
observations also indicate that an association exists between
in vitro culture and an increase in mean gestation length,
mean lamb birth weight and lamb mortality. It is possible that
these abnormalities are a consequence of the developmental
deficiencies incurred by the preimplantation embryo during in
vitro culture. The significance of these results and the
potential benefit of including somatic cell support in the
culture system are discussed.
132 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
In vitro development of day-2 equine embryos co-cultured with
oviductal explants or trophoblastic vesicles.
Ball, B.A.; Altschul, M.; Ellington, J.E.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Mar.
Theriogenology v. 35 (3): p. 669-682; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Embryos; In vitro culture; Oviducts;
Trophoblast; Biological development
Abstract: This study compared the in vitro development of
Day-2 equine embryos co-cultured with either trophoblastic
vesicles or oviductal explants. Embryos were collected
surgically from the oviducts of pony mares 2 d after ovulation
and assessed for stage of development. Culture medium was
Ham's F12 and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (50:50 v/v)
in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air at 38.5 degrees C
with either trophoblastic vesicles or oviductal explants. The
quality score of embryos was assessed daily. After 4 d in
culture, embryos were stained (Hoechst 33342) and evaluated
with epifluorescence to determine the number of nuclei
present. Six of seven embryos co-cultured with oviductal
explants developed to the morula/blastocyst stage, while four
of seven embryos co-cultured with trophoblastic vesicles
developed to the morula stage. More (P = 0.1) embryos co-
cultured with oviductal explants reached the blastocyst stage
than embryos co-cultured with trophoblastic vesicles (3/7 vs
0/7, respectively). The number of cells was higher (P = 0.1)
for embryos co-cultured with oviductal explants than for
embryos co-cultured with trophoblastic vesicles (162.6 +/- 32
vs 87.3 +/- 28, respectively). The number of cells for embryos
co-cultured with either oviductal explants or trophoblastic
vesicles appeared to be lower than for embryos matured in vivo
that were recovered from the uterus at Day 6 (378, 399,
>1000). The co-culture of early equine embryos in a completely
defined medium with either trophoblastic vesicles or oviductal
explants can support development to at least the morula stage.
The co-culture of embryos with oviductal explants resulted in
superior development of four-to eight-cell embryos, as
indicated by the proportion that reached the blastocyst stage
and by the number of cells.
133 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
In vitro development of ovine embryos in CZB medium.
McGinnis, L.K.; Youngs, C.R.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Mar.
Theriogenology v. 37 (3): p. 559-569; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Embryo culture; Embryonic development;
Culture media; Edta; Glucose; Hcg; Morula; Blastocyst
Abstract: One- to four-cell embryos were collected from
multiparous crossbred ewes and were cultured in vitro for 120
hours in CZB medium. A 2 x 2 factorial treatment arrangement
was used to examine the effects of glucose and
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on in vitro embryo
development. The embryos were examined every 12 hours, and all
of the embryos were stained with a DNA-specific fluorochrome
after the 120-hour evaluation to enable the counting of cell
nuclei. Embryo development was analyzed for cleavage beyond 16
cells as well as for cleavage to at least the compact morula
stage based upon both the 120-hour morphological evaluation
and nuclear counts. Forty-eight percent of the embryos passed
through the in vitro developmental block (i.e., cleaved beyond
16 cells), and 26% developed to 30 or more cells. Neither EDTA
nor glucose affected in vitro embryo development based on the
nuclear counts.
134 NAL Call. No.: QP251.R47
In vitro embryo culture in the production of identical merino
lambs by nuclear transplantation.
McLaughlin, K.J.; Davies, L.; Seamark, R.F.
East Melbourne, Vic., Australia : Commonwealth Scientific and
Industrial Research Organization; 1990.
Reproduction, fertility, and development v. 2 (6): p. 619-622;
1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ewes; Blastomere; Oocytes; Embryo culture; Embryo
transfer; Embryonic development; Viability
135 NAL Call. No.: SF5.A8 1990
In vitro fertilization and embryo manipulation in farm
animals. Cheng, W.T.K.; Hsu, T.T.; Huang, J.C.; Lin, A.C.; Wu,
H.K. Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan : The Organization Committee,
Fifth AAAP Animal Science Congress; 1990.
Proceedings, the 5th AAAP Animal Science Congress, May 27-June
1, 1990, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. v. 2 p. 268-281;
1990. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Livestock; In vitro culture; Embryo transfer;
Fertilization
136 NAL Call. No.: QL876.B5
In vitro fertilization of goat oocytes.
Younis, A.I.; Zuelke, K.A.; Harper, K.M.; Oliveira, M.A.L.;
Brackett, B.G. Champaign, Ill. : Society for the Study of
Reproduction; 1991 Jun. Biology of reproduction v. 44 (6): p.
1177-1182; 1991 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Goats; Oocytes; Fertilization; In vitro; Lh; Fsh
Abstract: Experiments were carried out to achieve
fertilization (IVF) and initial embryonic development of goat
oocytes in vitro. Oocyte/cumulus complexes were recovered from
large follicles (>7 mm) of hormonally treated does and from
1-6 mm follicles of ovaries from hormonally superstimulated
and nontreated goats. Three different sperm treatment/IVF
media were used: defined medium (Brackett and Oliphant, Biol
Reprod 1975; 12:260-274 [1]) with modifications (mDM); TALP
(Bavister and Yanagimachi, Biol Reprod 1977; 16:228-237 [21]),
as modified by Parrish et al. (Theriogenology 1986; 25:591-600
[31]), i.e. modified TALP (mTALP); and HEPES-buffered M199
with modifications (mH-M199). Immature oocytes (from 1-6 mm,
small antral follicles) were cultured for in vitro maturation
(IVM) in M199 buffered with bicarbonate and with modifications
including supplementation with 20% (v/v) goat serum (mB-M199)
with either (a) 100 microgram/ml, (b) 5 microgram FSH/ml, or
(c) no added gonadotropin control. Insemination of (in vivo or
in vitro) matured oocytes was performed with swim-up separated
and heparin-treated freshly ejaculated sperm; additionally,
caffeine was included in the mDM treatment. Use of MDM yielded
better results than mTALP or mH-M199 (p < .05). Results with
oocytes after IVM were significantly better than those
obtained with oocytes matured in vivo (68.4% vs. 45.5%, p <
0.05). Presence of LH or FSH during oocyte maturation improved
both the IVM and IVF results over those of the control (p <
0.05). The highest proportion of fertilized oocytes
(fertilization rate) was achieved by combining the use of mDM
for sperm and IVF with IVM in the presence of LH. LH provided
the highest proportion of inseminated oocytes that cleaved,
39.5% vs. 23.3 when IVM was with FSH (p < 0.05). For
fertilization, mDM afforded the best results (p < 0.05)
whether oocytes were matured in vivo or in vitro. Three
pregnancies were initiated after oviductal transfer of 2- and
4-cell stage embryos resultin
137 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
In vitro survival of fresh and frozen/thawed bovine demi-
embryos. Lucas-Hahn, A.; Niemann, H.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Oct.
Theriogenology v. 36 (4): p. 619-627; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryos; Survival; Cryopreservation;
Cryoprotectants; In vitro; Culture media
Abstract: Three experiments were conducted to investigate the
effects of type of culture medium in freshly bisected bovine
embryos and the effects of agar embedding and of 1.2
propanediol (PROH) as the cryoprotectant in frozen/thawed
bisected bovine embryos on development in vitro. A total of
265 bovine embryos were used as controls or were
microsurgically bisected and were cultured in vitro for 48
hours and development was determined 24 and 48 hours after the
onset of culture. Whitten's medium supported more (P < 0.05)
intact and demi-embryos to grow to expanded blastocysts (92.9
and 73.1%, respectively) compared with Ham's F10 (43.8 and
26.3%, respectively) and PBS (53.8 and 12.5%, respectively).
Embedding in agar and culture in Whitten's medium resulted in
a higher (P < 0.05) percentage of in vitro development of
frozen/thawed demi-embryos after 24 hours than the freezing of
nonembedded demi-embryos (44.1 versus 19.6%, respectively).
This difference disappeared, however, after a 48 hours culture
period (17.6 versus 11.8%, respectively). Following freezing
in PROH, survival rates of 40 and 28%, respectively after 24
hours or culture were obtained for intact and demi-embryos.
The respective percentages after 48 hours were 8.6 and 16%.
Since neither embedding in agar nor the use of PROH as the
cryoprotectant resulted in high survival rates of
frozen/thawed demi-embryos in vitro, new freezing procedures
are needed to overcome the sensitivity of demi-embryos to
freezing and thawing.
138 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Increased ovarian responses in the absence of a dominant
follicle in superovulated cows.
Huhtinen, M.; Rainio, V.; Aalto, J.; Bredbacka, P.; Maki-
Tanila, A. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Feb.
Theriogenology v. 37 (2): p. 457-463; 1992 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Dairy cows; Synchronized females;
Superovulation; Graafian follicles; Ultrasonography;
Dominance; Embryo transfer; Milk; Progesterone
Abstract: Dairy cows (n = 35) were given a single dose of
equine chorionic gonadotrophin (ECG or PMSG) between Days 9
and 12 after a previously synchronized estrus, and after their
ovaries had been examined daily by ultrasound scanning from
Day 4 or 5 to assess the presence of a dominant follicle and
to monitor follicular development before the superovulatory
treatment. Two different classification criteria for follicle
dominance were tested: 1) a follicle entered the dominance
phase when its diameter exceeded 8 mm and it stayed dominant
until 3 days after it stopped growing; 2) a follicle entered
the dominance phase when it exceeded 9 mm in diameter and it
stayed dominant until 4 days after it ceased to grow. Under
both classifications the number of transferable embryos
recovered nonsurgically on Day 6 after insemination was
significantly higher in cows that did not have a dominant
follicle on the day they received their PMSG injection. Under
Classification 1, the total numbers of embryos and oocytes
recovered, and the concentration of progesterone in the milk
on Day 6, were also higher in the group of cows without a
dominant follicle. The results suggest that the presence of a
dominant follicle at the time of gonadotrophic stimulation
decreases the superovulatory response. However, more precise
criteria for determining follicular dominance are required in
order to improve the predictability of embryo yield in future.
139 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Increasing reproductive rates in tropical sheep by means of
embryo transfer. Mutiga, E.R.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Oct.
Theriogenology v. 36 (4): p. 681-688; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Ewes; Embryo transfer; Uterus; Capacity;
Tropics
Abstract: One to three embryos were transferred to three
groups each of 12 Kenya Merino ewes to establish if uterine
capacity is a limiting factor to reproductive performance in
this breed of sheep, in a tropical environment. A fourth group
of 12 ewes received three embryos following superovulation.
Multiple transfers increased the number of lambs born per
pregnant ewe. However, although superovulation significantly
(P<0.01) increased endogenous progesterone levels in Group 4
recipient ewes, it did not improve either their conception or
lambing rates. Peri- and post-natal losses increased with the
number of embryos transferred and with the litter size.
Consequently, the same number of lambs were weaned per
recipient ewe in all four groups. It is concluded that
although the uterine capacity of the Kenyan Merino ewes is
higher than their natural ovulation rates require, increasing
the litter size will not necessarily increase the number of
lambs weaned.
140 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
The infection of mouse preimplantation embryos to Sendai virus
(Parainfluenza I).
Lavilla-Apelo, C.; Ohta, K.; Kida, H.; Kanagawa, H.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Jul.
Theriogenology v. 36 (1): p. 87-94; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Murine paramyxovirus; Embryos; Infection;
Susceptibility; Preimplantation period; Embryonic development;
Blastocyst; Morula; Zona pellucida; Superovulated females
Abstract: To provide information on the susceptibility of
mouse embryos to Sendai virus, it was investigated if viral
replication occurs in the preimplantation embryo at different
stages of development, with or without the zona pellucida
(ZP). Mice were induced to superovulate, and embryos were
collected on Days 2, 3 and 4 after mating. The ZP was removed
by digestion with 0.5% pronase. Embryos were exposed to Sendai
virus, washed, and allowed to develop in fresh culture medium.
The presence of viral antigen in the embryonic cells was
examined by the fluorescent antibody test (FAT). Specific
immunofluorescence was demonstrated in the ZP-free morula and
ZP-intact blastocyst. However, viral antigen was not detected
in the ZP intact two-cell, four-cell, eight-cell or morula
stage embryos. Infected embryos developed normally to expanded
blastocysts. These findings show that mouse embryonic cells
are permissive hosts to Sendai virus replication and that the
ZP played the role of a barrier against the virus.
141 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Influence of breed of fetus on periparturient endocrine
responses and subsequent milk production of ayrshire dams.
Guilbault, L.A.; Roy, G.L.; Beckers, J.F.; Dufour, J.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1990
Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 73 (10): p. 2766-2773; 1990
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heifers; Dairy cows; Ayrshire; Fetus; Cattle
breeds; Milk production; Embryo transfer; Estrone;
Progesterone; Gestation period; Birth weight; Calves;
Choriomammotropin; Prostaglandins
142 NAL Call. No.: QL876.B5
Influence of cell cycle stage of the donor nucleus on
development of nuclear transplant rabbit embryos.
Collas, P.; Balise, J.J.; Robl, J.M.
Champaign, Ill. : Society for the Study of Reproduction; 1992
Mar. Biology of reproduction v. 46 (3): p. 492-500; 1992 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Embryos; Nuclei; Dna; Embryo transfer;
In vitro
Abstract: We evaluated the influence of the stage of the cell
cycle of the donor nucleus on development in vitro of nuclear
transplant rabbit embryos. The developmental potential of
nuclei in early, mid-, and late stages of the cell cycle was
determined. Duration of the G1 phase in early embryos was
determined, and a procedure for reversibly synchronizing donor
embryos in the G1 phase was developed. In addition, the extent
of development in vitro of nuclear transplant embryos with
donor nuclei synchronized in the G1 phase was evaluated.
Development to blastocysts was greatly affected by the stage
of the cycle of the donor nucleus. Use of early-stage nuclei
led to 59% nuclear transplant blastocysts, whereas 32% and 3%
were obtained with mid- and late-stage nuclear donors,
respectively (p < 0.001). The short duration of the G1 phase
in 16- and 32-cell-stage embryos (approximately 30 min)
necessitated a procedure for synchronizing blastomeres in the
G1 phase. This entailed, first, a 10-h incubation in 0.5
micrograms/ml colcemid to arrest embryos in metaphase. After
release from colcemid, embryos were allowed to cleave in 0.1
microgram/ml of the DNA synthesis inhibitor, aphidicolin, and
remained blocked at the G1/S transition. This treatment was
reversible, as assessed by the resumption of DNA synthesis,
cleavage rate, and development to blastocysts of treated
embryos. The beneficial effect of using early-stage donor
blastomeres was confirmed by the enhanced rate of development
of manipulated embryos to blastocysts with donor nuclei in the
G1 phase (71%), as opposed to the late S phase (15%, p <
0.001). It is suggested that progression of the nuclear donor
in the cell cycle generates chromosome and other cellular
defects in nuclear transplant embryos, which are responsible
for impaired development.
143 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Inhibition of rat embryo implantation in the gossypol-treated
uterine horn. Lin, Y.C.; Rajamahendran, P.; Rikihisa, Y.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Apr.
Theriogenology v. 35 (4): p. 769-777; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Gossypol; Metabolites; Embryo implantation;
Inhibition; Uterus; Uterine tissue; Injection; Pregnancy rate;
Litter size
Abstract: We have developed a method to test the effect of
gossypol on prevention of embryo implantation in the uterine
horn. On the day of proestrus, gossypol (at a dose of 50, 100,
150, 200 and 500 micrograms per uterine horn was injected
directly into the lumen of the right uterine horn. The left
uterine horn was injected with 100 microliters buffer. The
rats were then mated with fertility proven males on the same
day. The day of sperm-positive vaginal smear was designated as
Day 0 of pregnancy. The number of implantation sites in both
control and gossypol-treated horns was examined on Day 8 of
pregnancy by laparotomy. The number of pups born was counted
after parturition. At laparotomy, the percentages of pregnant
animals with positive implantation sites in the gossypol-
treated uterine horn (at a dose of 500, 200, 150, 100 and 50
micrograms per uterine horn) were 0, 0, 0, 10 and 44%,
respectively. By contrast, implantation sites were present in
100% of the control horns of the same rats. The average
numbers of total implantation sites in both horns vs the
number of pups born to gossypol-treated animals using 500,
200, 150, 100, and 50 micrograms doses were 5.60 +/- 1.25 vs
4.00 +/- 1.00, 5.83 +/- 1.30 vs 4.70 +/- 1.10, 5.80 +/- 1.10
vs 5.50 +/- 1.20, 11.50 +/- 1.00 vs 9.50 +/- 1.50 and 11.67
+/- 1.20 vs 9.30 +/- 1.20, respectively. Gossypol metabolite
completely inhibited embryo implantation when administered at
5.30 micrograms per uterine horn. The potency of the gossypol
metabolite in preventing embryo implantation is estimated to
be at least 28 times higher than the parent compound.
144 NAL Call. No.: 442.9 SO1
Initiation of embryo implantation and maintenance of early
pregnancy in the rat by chlordecone (Kepone).
Johnson, D.C.; Sen, M.; Kogo, H.; Dey, S.K.
Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1990 Oct.
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and
Medicine v. 195 (1): p. 44-50; 1990 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Chlordecone; Toxicity; Embryo implantation;
Pregnancy; Progesterone; Estrone; Hypophysectomy;
Ovariectomized females; Rats
145 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Interaction of Mycoplasma bovis and Mycoplasma bovigenitalium
with preimplantation bovine embryos.
Riddell, K.P.; Stringfellow, D.A.; Panangala, V.S.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1989 Oct.
Theriogenology v. 32 (4): p. 633-641; 1989 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Embryos (animal); Cattle; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma
bovigenitalium; Zona pellucida; In vitro; Disease transmission
146 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
The Laparoscope in follicular oocyte collection and gamete
intrafallopian transfer and fertilization (GIFT).
Fayrer-Hosken, R.A.; Caudle, A.B.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Nov.
Theriogenology v. 36 (5): p. 709-725; 1991 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cows; Oocytes; Follicles; Collection; Ovaries;
Fertilization; Laparoscopy; Ova transfer
Abstract: Laparoscopic recovery of bovine follicular oocytes
was studied. The collection of oocytes from the superovulated
bovine ovary was maximized by standardizing the collection
technique. The technique was highly successful, with a 79%
oocyte recovery rate of the follicles aspirated. Collected
oocytes were transferred to the inseminated recipient's
oviduct with a minimum of trauma through the laparoscope. This
gamete intrafallopian transfer and fertilization (GIFT)
resulted in multiple embryo recovery in the cow. Oviductal
catheterization and the potential of GIFT are described and
discussed.
147 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Laparoscopy for intrauterine insemination and embryo recovery
in superovulated ewes at a commercial embryo transfer unit.
Scudamore, C.L.; Robinson, J.J.; Aitken, R.P.; Kennedy, D.J.;
Ireland, S.; Robertson, I.S.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991 Feb.
Theriogenology v. 35 (2): p. 329-337; 1991 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ewes; Superovulation; Embryo transfer; Artificial
insemination; Laparoscopy; Uterus; Cervix; Ovulation rate;
Pmsg; Fsh; Human menopausal gonadotropin
Abstract: Of 111 variable age, pedigree ewes subjected to a
range of superovulatory regimens and then submitted to embryo
recovery by laparoscopy, nine had adhesions corresponding to a
mid-line laparotomy (presumably, from a previous attempt to
recover embryos) and could not have their embryos recovered by
the laparoscopic technique. Of the remainder, 27 ewes (26.5%)
had less than three ovulations or had prematurely regressing
corpora lutea at the selected time for embryo recovery (Days 5
to 6 following insemination), and no attempt was made to
recover embryos from them. For the 75 ewes subjected to
laparoscopic ovum recovery following laparoscopic intrauterine
insemination, the average number of ovulations (+/- SEM) was
7.9 +/- 0.6; the average ovum recovery (mean of values for
each ewe) was 51.7% +/- 3.5; and the percentage of recovered
ova that were fertilized was 87.3%. For a further nine 3-yr-
old crossbred ewes the mean values for ovulation and ovum
recovery were 7.6 +/-1.2 and 70.1 +/- 7.7, and were not
significantly different for the two insemination methods used
(laparoscopic intrauterine vs cervical). In general, ovulation
rates for ewes given pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG)
tended to be lower (5.2 +/- 0.7) than for those given porcine
follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH, 7.7 +/- 0.8) or human
menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG, 7.7 +/-2.3). Ova recovery rates
were similar on Days 5 and 6 (Day 0 = insemination), and were
not affected by method of insemination (laparoscopic
intrauterine vs cervical).
148 NAL Call. No.: 286.8 N488
Making copies of the best milk cows.
New York, N.Y. : H.J. Raymond & Co. :.; 1990 Sep05.
The New York times. p. C5; 1990 Sep05.
Language: English
Descriptors: Clones; Embryo transfer; Biotechnology
149 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.438
Manipulation of mouse embryos Central Institute for
Experimental Animals ; presented by Chugai Pharmaceutical Co.
Jikken Dobutsu Chuo Kenkyujo (Kawasaki-shi, Japan), Chugai
Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha
Tokyo : The Institute, [1989?]; 1989.
1 videocassette (12 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Reproduction; Mice as laboratory animals;
Embryo transplantation; Animal experimentation; Animal welfare
150 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Maternal recognition of pregnancy and embryonic loss.
Roberts, R.M.; Schalue-Francis, T.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 33 (1): p. 175-183; 1990 Jan. Paper
presented at the "Annual Conference of the International
Embryo Transfer Society," Jan 14-16, 1990, Denver, Colorado.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Cattle; Pregnancy; Spontaneous abortion;
Embryos (animal); Interferon; Trophoblast
151 NAL Call. No.: QP251.R47
Maximum survival of frozen goat embryos is attained at the
expanded, hatching and hatched blastocyst stages of
development.
Li, R.; Cameron, A.W.N.; Batt, P.A.; Trounson, A.O.
East Melbourne, Vic., Australia : Commonwealth Scientific and
Industrial Research Organization; 1990.
Reproduction, fertility, and development v. 2 (4): p. 345-350;
1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Goats; Embryos (animal); Freezing; Hatching;
Blastocyst; Ovulation; Gestation period; Development
152 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Method for obtaining bovine zygotes produced in vivo.
Ellington, J.E.; Farrell, P.B.; Simkin, M.E.; Foote, R.H.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association;
1990 Nov. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (11):
p. 1708-1710; 1990 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heifers; Zygotes; Recovery;
Superovulation; Fsh; Cloprostenol; Embryo transfer;
Cannulation; Viability
Abstract: A superovulatory and surgical protocol was
developed for recovery of bovine zygotes. Holstein cows and
heifers were given follicle-stimulating hormone and
cloprostenol to induce superovulation. Surgical cannulation
and lavage of the uterine tube was performed 40 to 48 hours
after the start of standing estrus. In general, cows had more
corpora hemorrhagica than did heifers, but a higher percentage
(P < 0.05) of ova recovered from cows were infertile. Several
heifers were subjected to the procedure twice, and embryo
recovery rates were equivalent both times.
153 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Methods in bovine nuclear transfer.
Wolfe, B.A.; Kraemer, D.C.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 37 (1): p. 5-15; 1992 Jan. Paper presented
at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society, held Jan 12-14, 1992, Denver, CO. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Cloning; Nuclei; Transfer; Methodology;
Equipment
Abstract: Numerous reports have been published which
substantiate the feasibility of nuclear transfer in cattle,
but procedural details are generally not presented. The
objective of this paper and the demonstration which will be
presented is to describe the equipment, methods and procedures
which can be utilized for bovine nuclear transfer. The major
items of equipment needed are micromanipulators, microscopes,
plus electrofusion generator and chambers. Methods and
procedures described include: preparation of microtools,
cleaning of zona pellucidae, bisection of oocytes, transfer of
blastomeres, fusion, and embryo culture. Each of these steps
in the process is described in detail.
154 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Micromanipulation of bovine embryos for sex determination.
Herr, C.M.; Reed, K.C.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 35 (1): p. 45-54; 1991 Jan. Paper presented
at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society, Jan 13-15, 1991, Bournemouth, England. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryos; Sex determination;
Micromanipulation; Freezing
155 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222
Morphology and proportion of inner cell mass of bovine
blastocysts fertilized in vitro and in vivo.
Iwasaki, S.; Yoshiba, N.; Ushijima, H.; Watanabe, S.;
Nakahara, T. Colchester : The Journal; 1990 Sep.
Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 90 (1): p. 279-284.
ill; 1990 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Blastocyst; Fertilization; Oocytes;
Embryo culture; Embryo transfer; Rabbits; Oviducts;
Morphology; Quality
156 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer in Indian buffalo
(Bubalus bubalis). Misra, A.K.; Joshi, B.V.; Agrawala, P.L.;
Kasiraj, R.; Sivaiah, S.; Rangareddi, N.S.; Siddiqui, M.U.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 May.
Theriogenology v. 33 (5): p. 1131-1141; 1990 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Buffalo; Superovulation; Embryos (animal);
Transfers; Fsh; Gonadotropin releasing hormone
157 NAL Call. No.: SF601.T7
Multiple superovulations in N'Dama heifers.
Jordt, T.; Lorenzini, E.
Edinburgh : Scottish Academic Press; 1990 Aug.
Tropical animal health and production v. 22 (3): p. 178-184;
1990 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heifers; N'dama; Superovulation; Fsh; Embryos;
Embryo transfer; Pregnancy rate
158 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
National genetic improvement programs for dairy cattle in the
United States. Wiggans, G.R.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991
Sep. Journal of animal science v. 69 (9): p. 3853-3860; 1991
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dairy cattle; Genetic improvement;
Breeding value; Ai bulls; Selection criteria; Breeding
programs; Sire evaluation; Type score; Variance; Best linear
unbiased prediction; Progeny testing; Performance indexes
Abstract: Rate of genetic improvement for milk yield has been
increasing in recent years. Cows born in 1986 were about 135
kg superior in breeding value for milk yield to those born in
1985. Over 2.2 million cows contribute new data to genetic
evaluations for production traits annually. These evaluations
are computed with an animal model that provides best linear
unbiased predictions of transmitting abilities for milk fat,
and protein yields and fat and protein percentages. The model
includes effects of management group, permanent environment,
herd-sire interaction, and animal genetic merit. Unknown-
parent groups represent the genetic merit of base populations
defined by birth year and sex. Type appraisal data are
collected by breed associations and are evaluated with a sire
model. Holstein cow evaluations are computed using scores from
all appraisals and a multitrait model; evaluations for other
breeds are computed using all appraisal scores, a
repeatability model, and a single-trait system. Dystocia data
are collected by individual AI organizations and dairy records
processing centers; they are analyzed by a categorical-trait
sire model at Iowa State University with support from the
National Association of Animal Breeders. The AI organizations
have been extremely important in increasing rate of genetic
progress by increasing numbers of young bulls sampled,
increasing selection intensity of bull dams through multiple
ovulation and embryo transfer, and shortening generation
interval through the use of younger cows and some virgin
heifers as bull dams. International sales have made an
important contribution to financing AI programs. Future
evaluations may include additional traits such as mastitis
resistance, longevity, and fertility and may be computed more
frequently. Additional factors may also be considered in the
models.
159 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
A new method for bovine embryo production: a potential
alternative to superovulation.
Kruip, T.A.M.; Pieterse, M.C.; Beneden, T.H. van; Vos,
P.L.A.M.; Wurth, Y.A.; Taverne, M.A.M.
London : The Association; 1991 Mar02.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary
Association v. 128 (9): p. 208-210. ill; 1991 Mar02. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cows; Embryos; Collection; Oocytes; Maturity;
Ultrasound; Embryo culture
160 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
New techniques for assisted fertilization.
Keefer, C.L.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 33 (1): p. 101-112. ill; 1990 Jan. Paper
presented at the "Annual Conference of the International
Embryo Transfer Society," Jan 14-16, 1990, Denver, Colorado.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fertilization; Laboratory techniques; Zona
pellucida; Spermatozoa
161 NAL Call. No.: SF600.C82
New technologies for animal improvement and developing
countries. Land, R.B.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1988.
Current topics in veterinary medicine and animal science v.
47: p. 137-143; 1988. In the series analytic: Increasing
small ruminant productivity in semi-arid areas / edited by
E.F. Thomson and F.S. Thomson. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Developing countries; Livestock; Genetic
improvement; Artificial selection; Animal breeding methods;
Embryo transfer; Technology
162 NAL Call. No.: SF5.A8 1990
Nonsurgical collection of porcine embryos.
Wu, M.C.; Kang, S.R.; Cheng, Y.S.; Kao, Z.C.
Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan : The Organization Committee, Fifth
AAAP Animal Science Congress; 1990.
Proceedings, the 5th AAAP Animal Science Congress, May 27-June
1, 1990, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. v. 3 p. 292; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Embryos; Collection
163 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Nonsurgical recovery of degenerative ova from the uteri of
mares. Wilson, J.M.; Kreider, J.L.; Potter, G.D.; Kraemer,
D.C.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Oct.
Theriogenology v. 36 (4): p. 629-636; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mares; Uterus; Embryos; Ova; Recovery; Oviducts
Abstract: Degenerated ova were recovered with and without
viable embryos 6 days after ovulation in 30 of 210 collections
from 24 of 66 mares. All ova were approximately 150 jam in
diameter, with an intact zona pellucida and at various stages
of cytoplasmic degeneration. Most of the ova were collapsed,
although some had an oval appearance. Most of the ova were
from maiden 2-year-old mares. Thirty-four of the ova were
recovered from the first or second collections. Two ova were
recovered from the third collection from two mares. Two
degenerative ova per collection were recovered from five
collections; three of these collections also contained viable
embryos. Degenerated ova were recovered from three mares
twice; but not from consecutive collection attempts. Recovered
ova were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde-PBS for scanning electron
microscopy. These data indicate that not all unfertilized ova
remain permanently in the oviduct; many traverse it and enter
the uterus. Furthermore, these data also suggest that when
degenerative ova pass into the uterus they either degenerate
further and (or) move into the vagina. This is supported by
the fact that not all ova can be accounted for when the uterus
and (or) the oviducts are washed.
164 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Normal offspring produced after transfer of hamster embryos
grown from two- to eight-cells in a chemically-defined culture
medium.
Schini, S.A.; Bavister, B.D.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Jun.
Theriogenology v. 33 (6): p. 1255-1262. ill; 1990 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Embryos (animal); Transfers; Culture media;
Phosphates; Glucose; Embryo culture; Survival; Hamsters
165 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55
A note on fertilization and embryo production in superovulated
cattle with various levels of subcutaneous fat tissue.
Bielanski, A.; Yadav, B.R.
East Lothian, Scotland : Durrant; 1990 Oct.
Animal production v. 51 (pt.2): p. 426-430; 1990 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Superovulation; Subcutaneous fat;
Embryos; Embryo transfer; Fertilization
166 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55
A note on the use of mate selection in closed MOET breeding
schemes. Toro, M.; Silio, L.; Perez-Enciso, M.
East Lothian, Scotland : Durrant; 1991 Dec.
Animal production v. 53 (pt.3): p. 403-406; 1991 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Embryo transfer; Genetic improvement;
Mating systems; Inbreeding depression; Computer software;
Computer simulation
167 NAL Call. No.: QH481.G3
Nuclear transfer in the bovine embryo: a comparison of 5-day,
6-day, frozen-thawed, and nuclear transfer donor embryos.
Westhusin, M.E.; Pryor, J.H.; Bondioli, K.R.
New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Liss, Inc; 1991 Feb.
Molecular reproduction and development v. 28 (2): p. 119-123;
1991 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryos; Nuclei; Transfer;
Micromanipulation; Electrofusion; Donors
168 NAL Call. No.: QP251.M64
Nuclear transplantation in bovine embryo: fine structural and
autoradiographic studies.
Kanka, J.; Fulka, J. Jr; Petr, J.
New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Liss, Inc; 1991 Jun.
Molecular reproduction and development v. 29 (2): p. 110-116;
1991 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryos; Nucleolus; Membranes; Rna;
Transcription; Electrofusion; Ultrastructure; Morphology
169 NAL Call. No.: QL876.B5
Nuclear transplantation in early pig embryos.
Prather, R.S.; Sims, M.M.; First, N.L.
Champaign, Ill. : Society for the Study of Reproduction; 1989
Sep. Biology of reproduction v. 41 (3): p. 414-418; 1989 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gilts; Embryos (animal); Nuclei; Transplantation;
Cell culture
170 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Observation by ultrasonography of embryonic loss following the
transfer of two or three embryos in beef cows.
Izaike, Y.; Suzuki, O.; Shimada, K.; Takenouchi, N.;
Takahashi, M. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991
Dec.
Theriogenology v. 36 (6): p. 939-947; 1991 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beef cows; Embryo transfer; Embryo mortality;
Ultrasonography; Pregnancy rate
Abstract: Ultrasonographic observations were carried out at
10-day intervals from 27 to 107 days of gestation, to monitor
embryonic losses in Japanese Black cows which received two or
three embryos that had been transferred nonsurgically on Day 7
(Day 0 = estrus). Group I cows (n=60) received two embryos,
one in each uterine horn. Group II cows (n=31) received three
embryos, two embryos in the uterine horn ipsilateral to the
corpus luteum and one embryo in the uterine horn contralateral
to the corpus luteum. The Group II pregnancy, rate was
maintained above 83.9% until Day 37, but it decreased
significantly (P<0.05) to 58.1% by Day 107. The pregnancy
rates on Day 27 and Day 37 in the three-embryo group (Group
II) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the two-
embryo group (Group I). The embryonic survival rates of both
groups showed almost the same values at Days 27 to 107. The
triplet pregnancy rate in pregnant cows was 26.9% on Day 37,
but fell to 11.1% on Day 107. The twinning rate in both groups
also decreased with the advance of the gestation period. Most
of the embryonic losses (46%) in triplet and twin pregnancies
in both groups occurred between Day 38 and Day 57. Thirty-four
and 22 live healthy calves were born, respectively, to 30 cows
in the two-embryo group (Group I) and to 18 cows in the three-
embryo group (Group II). There were no statistically
significant differences between the two groups in the calf
crop or in the number of embryos.
171 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222
Oestrogen production by the preimplantation donkey conceptus
compared with that of the horse and the effect of between
species embryo transfer. Heap, R.B.; Hamon, M.H.; Allen, W.R.
Colchester : The Journal; 1991 Sep.
Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 93 (1): p. 141-147;
1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Donkeys; Horses; Conceptus; Embryo transfer;
Estradiol; Estrone; Androstenedione; Maternal effects
172 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Oocyte maturation and sperm transport in superovulated cattle.
Hyttel, P.; Callesen, H.; Greve, T.; Schmidt, M.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 35 (1): p. 91-108. ill; 1991 Jan. Paper
presented at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo
Transfer Society, Jan 13-15, 1991, Bournemouth, England.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Superovulation; Oocytes; Steroidogenesis;
Spermatozoa; Transport in female genitalia
173 NAL Call. No.: S1.S68
Oocyte-cumulus interaction in extrafollicular cultivation of
cattle oocytes. Kuz'mina, T.I.
New York, N.Y. : Allerton Press; 1991.
Soviet agricultural sciences (6): p. 28-30; 1991. Translated
from: Vsesoiuznaia akademiia sel'skokhoziaistvennykh nauk.
Doklady, (6), p. 28-31. (20 AK1). Includes references.
Language: English; Russian
Descriptors: Cows; Oocytes; Cultivation; Fertilization; In
vitro culture; Embryos; Production; Cumulus oophorus; Embryo
culture; Transplantation
174 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Ova and embryos for quality control in reproductive biology.
Leibo, S.P.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 33 (1): p. 67-76; 1990 Jan. Paper presented
at the "Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society," Jan 14-16, 1990, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Embryos (animal); Transfers; Embryo culture; Ova;
Quality controls
175 NAL Call. No.: SF371.2.W67 1989
An overview of sheep embryo transfer technologies.
Youngs, C.R.; McGinnis, L.K.; Duplantis, S.C. Jr
Ashland, Or. : Black Sheep Press; 1989.
Colored sheep and wool : exploring their beauty and function :
the proceedings of the World Congress on Coloured Sheep,
U.S.A. / edited by Kent Erskine. p. 210-214. ill; 1989.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Embryos (animal); Synchronization; Estrus;
Superovulation; Transfers; Technology
176 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Ovulation rate and pre- and postimplantation survival in mice
with a major gene for rapid postweaning gain.
Dilts, R.B.; Famula, T.R.; Bradford, G.E.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991
Sep. Journal of animal science v. 69 (9): p. 3590-3596; 1991
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Ovulation rate; Growth rate; Alleles; Line
differences; Embryo mortality; Embryo implantation;
Reproductive performance
Abstract: Differences in ovulation rate, embryo survival,
litter size, and fertility are presented for four lines of
mice that have been selected for growth or are homozygous for
a recessive gene (hg) imparting rapid postweaning gain. Two of
the lines were hg/hg, one in a growth-neutral and one in a
growth-selected background. The remaining two were Hg/Hg (the
corresponding normal, dominant allele with no effect on
postweaning gain) in the same two backgrounds. Average
ovulation rates ranged from 10.9 to 17.1 eggs shed, and litter
sizes ranged from 8.6 to 14.0. In the growth-selected
background, the hg allele reduced the number of ovulations,
implantation, and litter size by nearly three compared with
the Hg/Hg controls. The impact of the hg allele in the growth-
neutral background was not significant. When males of a
different line selected for high litter size were mated to
females of the four stocks, more than two additional eggs,
implants, and pups were recorded, compared with results of
mating to males of the same line as the female.
177 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Pattern of sex steroids secretion and their relationship with
embryo yield in Jersey cows superovulated with PMSG.
Mehmood, A.; Anwar, M.; Ullah, N.; Baig, S.M.; Wright, R.W. Jr
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Mar.
Theriogenology v. 35 (3): p. 513-520; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cows; Superovulation; Pmsg; Progesterone;
Estrogens; Hormone secretion; Estradiol; Embryos; Yields
Abstract: The levels of progesterone and estrogen secretion
were studied in relationship to the superovulatory response in
Jersey cows. Progesterone and estrogen concentrations wer
measured in superovulated Jersey cows with the objective of
correlating the patterns of steroid secretion with embryo
yield and quality. Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) was
used in combination with prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue to
induce superovulation in 18 multiparous, cyclic cows. Serum
progesterone and estradiol levels from cows which exhibited
estrus within 24 to 48 h after prostaglandin administration (n
= 13) were used to estimate the superovulatory response. Sex
steroid concentrations at the day of estrus (Day 0) was a
strong indicator of embryo yield. Progesterone was negatively
(r = -0.56) and estrogen positively (r = 0.80) correlated to
the number of embryos collected. Dramatic increase in
progesterone from Day 0 to Day 7 was a significant indicator
of embryo yield. A higher rise of estrogen in the follicular
phase was an indicator of a larger number of growing follicles
and, consequently, better superovulatory response.
Nonresponding animals did not show any significant change in
the hormonal profile from the day of PMSG treatment to the day
of embryo collection. The estimation of progesterone and
estradiol concentrations, simultaneously, gave a more
objective prediction of embryo yield.
178 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
The post-thaw developmental capacity of frozen bovine oocytes
following in vitro maturation and fertilization.
Lim, J.M.; Fukui, Y.; Ono, H.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Jun.
Theriogenology v. 35 (6): p. 1225-1235; 1991 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Cows; Holstein-friesian; Oocytes;
Maturity stage; Developmental stages; Cryopreservation;
Freezing; Thawing; Embryonic development; Cleavage;
Cryoprotectants; Glycerol; Sucrose; In vitro; Maturation; Cold
shock
Abstract: The present study was designed 1) to investigate
and compare the post-thaw developmental capacity of frozen
bovine oocytes following in vitro maturation (Metaphase II)
and fertilization (pronuclear stage), and 2) to identify the
important factors of cryopreservation procedures on the post-
thaw developmental capacity of those oocytes. Frozen
pronuclear-stage oocytes had a higher cleavage rate (P<0.001)
and developmental capacity to the two- (P<0.05) and eight-cell
stages (P<0.001) than frozen mature oocytes. The effects of
different concentrations of cryoprotectant (1.0 M vs 1.5 M
glycerol) and sucrose (0.25 M vs 0.5 M) as well as two
freezing curves (A vs B) on post-thaw developmental capacity
were examined. The concentration of cryoprotectant was an
important factor in the post-thaw developmental capacity of
the oocytes frozen at pronuclear and mature stages, and 1.0 M
glycerol was a more effective concentration of cryoprotectant
than 1.5 M glycerol (P<0.001 for the cleavage rate and the
developmental capacity to the eight-cell stage, and P<0.05 for
the developmental capacity to the two-cell stage). However,
the effects of other factors were not significantly different.
We concluded that in vitro mature bovine oocytes were more
vulnerable to freezing shock than pronuclear stage oocytes and
that the concentration of glycerol as a cryoprotectant was an
important factor in the improvement of post-thaw developmental
capacity of bovine oocytes frozen at Metaphase II and at the
pronuclear stage.
179 NAL Call. No.: QH481.G3
Potential of hypertonic medium treatment for embryo
micromanipulation: II. Assessment of nuclear transplantation
methodology, isolation, subzona insertion, and electrofusion
of blastomeres to intact or functionally enucleated oocytes in
rabbits.
Yang, X.; Zhang, L.; Kovacs, A.; Tobback, C.; Foote, R.H. New
York, N.Y. : Wiley-Liss, Inc; 1990 Oct.
Molecular reproduction and development v. 27 (2): p. 118-129.
ill; 1990 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Embryos; Micromanipulation; Culture media;
Osmotic pressure; Oocytes; Blastomere; Nuclei; Transfer;
Electrofusion; Rabbits
180 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AU72
Practical experience with commercial embryo transfer in pigs.
Cameron, R.D.A.; Durack, M.; Fogarty, R.; Putra, D.K.H.;
McVeigh, J. Brunswick, Victoria : Australian Veterinary
Association; 1989 Oct. Australian veterinary journal v. 66
(10): p. 314-318; 1989 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Embryos (animal); Transplantation;
Synchronization; Superovulation
181 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Pregnancy rates after the use of a gonadotropin releasing
hormone agonist in bovine embryo transfer recipients.
Ellington, J.E.; Foote, R.H.; Farrell, P.B.; Hasler, J.F.;
Webb, J.; Henderson, W.B.; McGrath, A.B.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Dec.
Theriogenology v. 36 (6): p. 1035-1042; 1991 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryos; Embryo transfer; Gnrh; Pregnancy
rate; Progesterone
Abstract: The use of the gonadotropin releasing hormone
analog, Buserelin, was evaluated in a commercial embryo
transfer program. Virgin Holstein heifer recipients (n=764) at
two embryo transfer facilities were randomly allocated to
three treatment groups: 1) control animals, 2) heifers
injected with 8 micrograms Buserelin at the time of transfer
and 3) heifers receiving 8 micrograms of Buserelin in 4 to 7
days after transfer. Fresh or frozen/thawed embryos were
evaluated, equalized across treatments and transferred to
recipients on Day 7 or 8 after estrus. Recipient progesterone
levels were evaluated on the day of transfer. Pregnancy
evaluations were done by palpation per rectum between Days 35
to 60 of gestation. There was no significant difference in
pregnancy rates for the three treatment groups, with 68% of
the animals pregnant in Group 1, 72% in Group 2 and 66% in
Group 3. Progesterone levels at the time of transfer were
similar for animals which became pregnant (2.60 +/- 0.05
ng/ml) and animals which did not become pregnant (2.74 +/-
0.09 ng/ml). There was no significant interaction observed
between treatment and embryo quality or progesterone level,
suggesting that the luteotrophic action of Buserelin at this
early stage did not help support additional pregnancies over
those seen in the control group.
182 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Prenatal and postnatal maternal contributions to reproductive,
maternal, and size-related traits of beef cattle.
Gregory, K.E.; Maurer, R.R.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991
Mar. Journal of animal science v. 69 (3): p. 961-976; 1991
Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beef cattle; Breed differences; Maternal effects;
Early weaning; Reproductive traits; Embryo transfer; Body
measurements; Size; Crossbred progeny
Abstract: Brown Swiss-Hereford (BS-H) reciprocal cross
embryos were transferred to BS and H recipient cows and Red
Poll-Angus (RP-A) reciprocal cross embryos were transferred to
RP and A recipient cows to estimate the relative contributions
of ovum cytoplasm and uterine influences to prenatal maternal
effects. Calves resulting from embryo transfers (ET) were
weaned early (3 to 5 d). Reciprocal cross mating also were
made by natural service (NS) between BS and H and between RP
and A breeds; part of the offspring were weaned at 3 to 5 d,
and the remainder nursed their dams to an age of 150 to 180 d.
This was done to estimate breed differences in prenatal and
postnatal effects combined and to separate the effects of
prenatal maternal influences from postnatal maternal
influences of these breeds. Females produced in both ET and NS
parts of the experiment were retained to produce three calf
crops to an age of about 4.5 yr. The following traits were
analyzed: percentage of conception rate; percentage of calf
survival; percentage of calves produced per cow exposed; birth
and weaning weights of calves produced; and periodic weights,
heights, and condition scores of females to an age of 4.5 yr.
Neither breed of donor (cytoplasmic influence) nor breed of
recipient (uterine influence) had consistently important
effects on the traits evaluated. In NS matings, differences
between reciprocal crosses were small for most of the traits
evaluated. Method of rearing (nursed vs weaned at 3 to 5 d)
had no effect on reproductive and maternal traits for RP-A
reciprocal cross females, but females that nursed generally
were heavier, were taller, and had higher condition scores at
most ages than early-weaned females. For the BS-H reciprocal
cross, early-weaned females were favored over females reared
by their dams in percentage of calves produced per cow
exposed, but the method of rearing did not affect other
reproductive or maternal traits. BS-H reciprocal cross females
that nursed their dams were
183 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Preovulatory LH profiles of superovulated cows and
progesterone concentrations at embryo recovery.
Wubishet, A.; Kesler, D.J.; Graves, C.N.; Spahr, S.L.; Favero,
R.J. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991 Feb.
Theriogenology v. 35 (2): p. 451-457; 1991 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Superovulation; Lh; Preovulatory
period; Progesterone; Embryos; Fsh; Gnrh; Corpus luteum
Abstract: Forty-two Holstein cows were randomly assigned to
three superovulatory treatment groups of 14 cows each. Cows in
Group I received follicle stimulating hormone (FSH; 50 mg
i.m.); those in Group II received FSH (50 mg i.m.) along with
GnRH (250 ug in 2% carboxymethylcellulose s.c.) on the day of
estrus; and cows in Group III were infused FSH (49 mg) via
osmotic pump implants. FSH was administered over a 5-d period
for cows in Groups I and II (twice daily in declining doses).
Cows in Group III received FSH over a 7-d period (constantly
at a rate of 7 mg/day). All cows received 25 mg PGF2 alpha
(prostaglandin F2 alpha) 48 hours after initiation of the FSH
treatment. Blood samples were collected from seven cows from
each group at 2 hour intervals on the fifth day of
superovulation for serum luteinizing hormone (LH)
concentration analysis by radioimmunoassay, and blood samples
were collected from all cows on the day of embryo recovery for
plasma progesterone determination. The LH profile was not
altered (P>0.05) by either GnRH administration or by the
constant infusion of FSH as compared to FSH treatment alone.
Plasma progesterone concentrations were highly correlated with
the number of corpora lutea (CL) palpated (r=0.92; P<0.01) and
with the number of ova and/or embryos recovered (r=0.88;
P<0.01). The accuracy of predicting the number of recoverable
ova and/or embryos by the concentration of plasma progesterone
was 86%.
184 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Production of cell colonies from ovine blastocysts.
Rexroad, C.E. Jr
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 33 (1): p. 305; 1990 Jan. Paper presented
at the "Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society," Jan 14-16, 1990, Denver, Colorado. Includes
abstract.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Blastocyst; Cell culture
185 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Production of embryos in vitro and its impact on livestock
production. Gordon, I.; Lu, K.H.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 33 (1): p. 77-87; 1990 Jan. Paper presented
at the "Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society," Jan 14-16, 1990, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ireland; Embryos (animal); Transfers; In vitro;
Oocytes; Embryo culture; Cattle; Laboratory techniques
186 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Production of identical bovine offspring by nuclear transfer.
Bondioli, K.R.; Westhusin, M.E.; Looney, C.R.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 33 (1): p. 165-174; 1990 Jan. Paper
presented at the "Annual Conference of the International
Embryo Transfer Society," Jan 14-16, 1990, Denver, Colorado.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Nuclei; Transfers; Genotypes; Embryos
(animal)
187 NAL Call. No.: S1.S68
Production of identical twin calves from transfer of embryo
halves. Kletsko, N.G.; Madich, A.V.
New York, N.Y. : Allerton Press; 1988.
Soviet agricultural sciences (12): p. 35-38. ill; 1988.
Translated from: Vsesoyuznaia Akademiia
Sel'skokhozyaistvennykh Nauk, Doklady, (12), 1988, p. 22-24.
(20 AK1). Includes references.
Language: English; Russian
Descriptors: U.S.S.R.; Calves; Twins; Embryos (animal);
Splitting; Transplantation; Blastocyst; Embryonic development;
Pregnancy; Animal breeding methods
188 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R3224
Production of multiple genetically identical farm animals by
nuclear transplantation.
Smith, L.C.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Feb.
The Canadian veterinary journal v. 32 (2): p. 94-98; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Livestock; Embryo transfer; Nuclei; Oocytes;
Cytoplasm; Electrofusion; Nucleocytoplasmic interaction
189 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Production of normal piglets from hatched blastocysts frozen
at -196 degrees C.
Kashiwazaki, N.; Ohtani, S.; Miyamoto, K.; Ogawa, S.
London : The Association; 1991 Mar16.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary
Association v. 128 (11): p. 256-257. ill; 1991 Mar16.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Blastocyst; Embryo culture; Freezability;
Cold tolerance; Survival; Piglet production
190 NAL Call. No.: Q320.B56
Production of transgenic cattle by pronuclear injection.
Bondioli, K.R.; Biery, K.A.; Hill, K.G.; Jones, K.B.; De Mayo,
F.J. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991.
Biotechnology (16): p. 265-273. ill; 1991. In the series
analytic: Transgenic Animals / Edited by Neal L. First;
Florence P. Haseltime. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Transgenics; Production; Pronucleus;
Injection; Dna; Embryo culture; Embryo transfer; Animal
tissues; Sampling; Analysis
191 NAL Call. No.: QL876.B5
Purification and immunolocalization of ovine placental
retinol-binding protein.
Liu, K.H.; Gao, K.; Baumbach, G.A.; Godkin, J.D.
Champaign, Ill. : Society for the Study of Reproduction; 1992
Jan. Biology of reproduction v. 46 (1): p. 23-29; 1992 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ewes; Placenta; Retinol; Binding proteins; In
vitro; Cell culture; Protein synthesis
Abstract: A retinol-binding protein (RBP), synthesized and
secreted by ovine allantois in vitro, was purified from
culture medium. The protein consisted of three isoelectric
variants (pi 5.3-6.1) of identical molecular masses of about
23,000 Da as determined by two-dimensional PAGE under reducing
conditions. Thirty-one of the first 34 N-terminal amino acids
of the purified protein were sequenced and shown to have
complete homology with bovine placental and bovine plasma RBP.
The ultraviolet absorption spectrum and fluorescence
excitation and emission spectra of the purified ovine
placental RBP indicated the presence of bound retinol.
Metabolic labeling studies demonstrated that the protein was
synthesized by placental membranes. Using antiserum to bovine
placental RBP, ovine placental RBP was immunolocalized in
trophectoderm of 13-day-old blastocysts and trophectodermal
cells of the chorion, endodermal cells lining the allantois,
and ectodermal cells lining the amnion of 23-, 45-, and 53-
day-old conceptuses. Results from this study suggest that
ovine placental membrane epithelia synthesize and secrete RBP.
Transport, storage, and metabolism of retinol mediated by
placental RBP may be essential for normal embryonic
development during pregnancy.
192 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Quality control in a large-scale embryo transfer program under
farm conditions in the Argentine Republic.
Munar, C.J.; Nigro, M.A.; Burry, E.R.; Vautier, R.A.;
Argerich, C. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990
Jan.
Theriogenology v. 33 (1): p. 5-8; 1990 Jan. Paper presented
at the "Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society," Jan 14-16, 1990, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Argentina; Embryos (animal); Transfers; Dairy
cows; Beef cows; Heifers; Quality controls; Record keeping
193 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Quality control in the in vitro fertilization laboratory.
Boone, W.R.; Shapiro, S.S.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 33 (1): p. 23-50; 1990 Jan. Paper presented
at the "Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society," Jan 14-16, 1990, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Embryos (animal); In vitro; Fertilization;
Quality controls; Laboratory equipment; Embryo culture;
Culture media
194 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Quality control measures in an embryo research program.
Schiewe, M.C.; Schmidt, P.M.; Wildt, D.E.; Rall, W.F.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 33 (1): p. 9-22; 1990 Jan. Paper presented
at the "Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society," Jan 14-16, 1990, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Embryos (animal); Transfers; Quality controls;
Veterinary hygiene; Sanitation; Record keeping
195 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Quantity and quality of embryos collected from mice passively
immunized against estradiol.
Roberts, A.J.; Hernandez-Ledezma, J.J.; Reeves, J.J.; Wright,
R.W. Jr Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 May.
Theriogenology v. 35 (5): p. 1019-1027; 1991 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Estradiol; Passive immunization; Estrus;
Ovulation; Pregnancy rate; Ova; Embryos; Isolation; Embryonic
development; Immune serum; Dosage effects
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the
effects of passive immunization against estradiol on the
occurrence and timing of estrus, ovulation and fertilization
rates and on early embryonic development in mice. Swiss
Webster female mice were randomly assigned to one of the three
treatment groups to be injected with 0.1 ml saline (control;
n=15), 0.1 ml anti-estradiol antisera (high dose; n=17) or 0.1
ml anti-estradiol antisera diluted 1:10 with saline (low dose;
n=17) at seven weeks of age. Immediately after injection mice
were placed with males and observed daily for the presence of
vaginal plugs for 10 d. Three days after vaginal plugs were
observed, mice were terminated and the uteri were removed and
flushed to determine the number and quality of unfertilized
ova and embryos. No differences were observed in the timing of
vaginal plug formation, the proportion of mice with vaginal
plugs, or the mean number of unfertilized ova or embryos
collected from each treatment group. However, the proportion
of excellent or good quality embryos was reduced in the high
dosage treatment. It was concluded from this study that
passive immunization of mice against estradiol did not
increase the number of embryos obtained from mice and that a
high dosage of antisera against estradiol reduced embryo
quality. These results provide evidence that alterations in
levels of estradiol may adversely affect embryonic
development.
196 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Quick freezing of one-cell mouse embryos using ethylene glycol
with sucrose. Rayos, A.A.; Takahashi, Y.; Hishinuma, M.;
Kanagawa, H.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Mar.
Theriogenology v. 37 (3): p. 595-603; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Embryos; Freezing; Survival; Cryoprotectants;
Ethylene glycol; Sucrose; Blastocyst; Mice
Abstract: One-cell mouse embryos were frozen by direct
plunging into liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapor after equilibration
in 3 M ethylene glycol with 0.25 M sucrose (freezing medium)
for 5 to 40 minutes. After thawing, the embryos were cultured
in vitro and the effects of the equilibration period and
dilution method were examined. No significant difference was
observed in the in vitro survival of embryos when 0.5 or 1.0 M
sucrose was used for the dilution of the cryoprotectant for
each equilibration period. The highest survival rate (67.2%)
was obtained when the embryos were equilibrated for 10
minutes, and the cryoprotectant diluted with either 0.5 or 1.0
M sucrose after thawing. Shorter (5 minutes) or prolonged (40
minutes) equilibration of embryos in the freezing medium
yielded significantly lower survival rates. Dilution by direct
transfer of the frozen-thawed embryos into PB1 resulted in
lower survival rates than when 0.5 or 1.0 M sucrose was used.
The in vitro development to the blastocyst stage of one-cell
mouse embryos frozen after 10 minutes equilibration in the
freezing medium and diluted after thawing in 0.5 M sucrose was
significantly lower than the control (68.0 vs 92.7%). However,
transfer of the blastocysts developing from frozen-thawed one-
cell mouse embryos into the uterine horns of the recipients
resulted in fetal development and implantation rates similar
to the control.
197 NAL Call. No.: QL876.B5
Radioimmunoassay of a bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein
in serum: its application for pregnancy diagnosis.
Zoli, A.P.; Guilbault, L.A.; Delahaut, P.; Ortiz, W.B.;
Beckers, J.F. Champaign, Ill. : Society for the Study of
Reproduction; 1992 Jan. Biology of reproduction v. 46 (1): p.
83-92; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heifers; Cows; Pregnancy; Glycoproteins; Serum;
Radioimmunoassay; Pregnancy diagnosis
Abstract: A sensitive and specific double-antibody RIA for a
bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (bPAG) is described.
The limit of detection was 0.2 ng/ml. The assay was specific
for bPAG in that pituitary and placental gonadotropic hormones
and other placental or serum proteins assayed in serial
dilutions did not cross-react. The RIA allowed measurement of
bPAG in placental extracts, fetal serum, fetal fluids, and
serum or plasma of pregnant cows. About 20% of unbred heifers
and nonpregnant cows had detectable levels ranging from 0.30
+/- 0.09 to 0.50 +/- 0.17 ng/ml (mean +/- SD), and 15% of bull
sera showed higher concentrations (3.01 +/- 1.73 ng/ml) of
bPAG or bPAG-like protein. Variations among animals was
observed in fetal serum bPAG concentrations. Bovine PAG was
detected in maternal peripheral blood at Day 22 of pregnancy
(mean +/- SD, 0.38 +/- 0.13 ng/ml) in some animals and at Day
30 in all pregnant cows. Peripheral serum bPAG levels
increased progressively to 3.60 +/- 1.73 ng/ml (mean +/- SD)
at Day 30 of pregnancy, to 24.53 +/- 8.81 ng/ml at Day 120,
and to 1551.91 +/- 589.68 ng/ml at Day 270. Peak concentration
of bPAG was 2462.42 +/- 1017.88 ng/ml and it occurred 1-5 days
prior to parturition. After delivery, bPAG concentrations
decreased steadily to 499.63 +/- 267.20 ng/ml at Day 14
postpartum (pp), 10.12 +/- 7.84 ng/ml at Day 60 pp, and 1.44 +/-
1.08 ng/ml at Day 90 pp. The undetectable concentration
(<0.20 ng/ml) was reached by Day 100 +/- 20 pp. An
investigation undertaken in Holstein heifers, Holstein cows,
and Hereford cows used as recipients for purebred Holstein
embryos supplied evidence of the influence of breed of
recipient and sex of fetuses on peripheral concentrations of
bPAG. A herd of 430 Holstein-Friesian heifers that had
received transferred embryos were bled at Day 35 postestrus
(pe) for measurement of bPAG. The bPAG was detected in 287 of
430 scrum samples analyzed. By rectal palpation performed at
Day 45 pe, 267 heifers with detectable
198 NAL Call. No.: SF1.S68
Raising the effectiveness of embryo transplantation with the
help of gonadotropic preparations.
Sovetkin, S.V.; Nazarov, E.A.; Dolgokhatskii, A.I.;
Prokof'eva, E.S. New York, N.Y. : Allerton Press; 1989.
Soviet agricultural biology : Part 2 : Animal biology (1): p.
49-52; 1989. Translated from: Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya
Biologiya, (2), 1989, p. 40-43. Includes references.
Language: English; Russian
Descriptors: U.S.S.R.; Cows; Ovaries (animal); Superovulation;
Embryos (animal); Fsh; Fshrh; Transplantation; Reproductive
performance; Pmsg
199 NAL Call. No.: QP251.R47
Rapid cryopreservation of sheep embryos by direct transfer
into liquid nitrogen vapour at--180 degrees C.
Szell, A.; Zhang, J.; Hudson, R.
East Melbourne, Vic., Australia : Commonwealth Scientific and
Industrial Research Organization; 1990.
Reproduction, fertility, and development v. 2 (6): p. 613-618;
1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Embryos; Cryopreservation; Rapid methods;
Glycerol; Propylene glycol; Nitrogen; Vapor; Viability;
Survival; Exposure; Duration
200 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Recipient management and embryo transfer.
Broadbent, P.J.; Stewart, M.; Dolman, D.F.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 35 (1): p. 125-139; 1991 Jan. Paper
presented at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo
Transfer Society, Jan 13-15, 1991, Bournemouth, England.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Embryo transfer; Estrus; Synchronization;
Nutrition; Genotypes
201 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Relationship between energy metabolism and development of
early mammalian embryos.
Rieger, D.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 37 (1): p. 75-93; 1992 Jan. Paper presented
at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society, held Jan 12-14, 1992, Denver, CO. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Embryonic development; Mammals; Glucose;
Glutamine; Metabolism; Oxygen; Hypoxanthine; Free radicals
Abstract: Early embryo development requires the production
and expenditure of large amounts of cellular energy for cell
growth, division and differentiation. Consequently,
information about energy metabolism is important for both
fundamental and applied aspects of embryo biology. During
early cleavage, the in-vitro development of embryos from a
number of mammalian species is inhibited by glucose,
hypoxanthine, and oxygen, and favoured by glutamine and
antioxidants. The common factor in these effects may be oxygen
radicals, which are severely detrimental to early embryo
development. Glucose, hypoxanthine and oxygen can all increase
the cellular production of oxygen radicals, while antioxidants
can detoxify them. Glutamine metabolism can Provide reducing
equivalents for energy production and to counteract lipid
peroxidation, under conditions where the metabolism of other
substrates cannot. An understanding of the mechanisms of
production and elimination of oxygen radicals in embryos may
lead to significant improvements in the success of embryo
culture and the practical techniques which depend on it.
202 NAL Call. No.: QL876.B5
Relationship between nuclear remodeling and development in
nuclear transplant rabbit embryos.
Collas, P.; Robl, J.M.
Champaign, Ill. : Society for the Study of Reproduction; 1991
Sep. Biology of reproduction v. 45 (3): p. 455-465; 1991 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Ova transfer; Blastocyst; Embryonic
development
Abstract: The present study characterized the profile of
nuclear remodeling in nuclear transplant rabbit embryos and
investigated the relationship between chromatin behavior after
transfer and embryo development. The developmental potential
and pattern of remodeling of donor nuclei from cleavage-,
morula-, and blastocyst- (inner cell mass, ICM, and
trophectoderm, TE) stage donors were evaluated. In addition,
we determined whether a modification in the synchrony between
blastomere fusion and oocyte activation altered the profile of
nuclear remodeling and affected development of reconstituted
embryos. Development to blastocysts similar with 8- and 32-
cell-stage donor nuclei (42% and 33%, respectively, p > 0.1).
However, it was reduced with ICM transplants (17%, p < 0.05),
and development of TE transplants did not progress beyond the
8-cell stage. Upon blastomere fusion into nonactivated oocyte
cytoplasm, nuclear remodeling was characterized by premature
chromosome condensation (PCC), followed by pronuclear (PN)
formation and swelling. PCC occurred synchronously within
1.2-1.5 h post-fusion with all stages of donor nuclei (p >
0.1). PN formation in 8- and 32-cell transplants occurred
approximately 4 h after fusion, and was synchronous to that of
female pronuclei in activated oocytes; however, it was delayed
in ICM and TE transplants (p < 0.01). With all stages of donor
nuclei, final nuclear diameter was similar to, or larger than,
that of female pronuclei. Fusion to activated oocyte
cytoplasm, as opposed to nonactivated cytoplasm, prevented PCC
and extensive nuclear swelling (16.0 +/- 0.7 vs. 30 +/- 0.7
micromole, respectively, p < 0.01). Nuclear diameter in early
embryos was smaller (p < 0.01), and development to blastocysts
was reduced (p < 0.05). The results indicate that remodeling
of the donor nucleus is not essential for development to
blastocysts; however, it is beneficial. Furthermore, complete
reprogramming seems possible only after remodeling of the
donor nucleus, i.
203 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
A reliable sex determination assay for bovine preimplantation
embryos using the polymerase chain reaction.
Peura, T.; Hyttinen, J.M.; Turunen, M.; Janne, J.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Mar.
Theriogenology v. 35 (3): p. 547-555; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryos; Sex determination; Polymerase
chain reaction
Abstract: We have developed a polymerase chain reaction
(PCR)-based method for accurate sex determination of
preimplantation bovine embryos. The method utilizes three
different sets of primers in the PCR. The first pair of
primers recognizes the bovine-specific satellite sequence that
is amplified in both females and males. In addition, two pairs
of primers recognize bovine Y chromosome-specific sequences
that are amplified in males only. Duplicate embryo extracts
were used in the PCR; the first sample was run in the presence
of bovine-specific as well as one set of the Y chromosome-
specific primers; the second sample was run in the presence of
the other male-specific primers. The method has been
specifically designed for screening bovine embryos. Based upon
examining blood cell DNA from adult males and females, the
assay is extremely accurate, as no single incorrect result has
occurred yet. Missing samples were easily detected by the
absence of the bovine-specific signal. The method has been
used for the transfer of bovine embryos on which sex
determinations have been performed.
204 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Repeated embryo recovery attempts and subsequent fertility of
two-year-old fillies.
Wilson, J.M.; Kraemer, D.C.; Potter, G.D.; Pipkin, J.L.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Dec.
Theriogenology v. 36 (6): p. 1027-1034; 1991 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mares; Age; Female fertility; Embryos; Collection
Abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine if
2-year-old fillies could be used successfully for embryo
donors and whether repeated embryo recovery attempts would
affect subsequent fertility. Twenty-three (Year 1) and 16
(Year 2) 2-year-old fillies were evaluated as embryo donors.
The fillies were teased and palpated daily. When a follicle
was palpated, the fillies were inseminated (500 X 10(6) motile
spermatozoa) every other day until ovulation was detected.
Nonsurgical embryo recoveries were attempted on Days 5 and 6
(-120 and 144 hours) postovulation for a total of 32 times for
16 fillies (Year 1). No embryos were recovered on Day 5.
However, seven embryos were recovered during the subsequent
collection on Day 6. Fifty-one additional embryos and 19
degenerated ova were recovered from 120 collection attempts
which were performed only on Day 6 (Year 1). Eighteen embryos
and eight degenerated ova were recovered from 38 collection
attempts on Day 6 in Year 2. Mean collections per filly were 8
(range 3 to 16) and 2.69 (range 1 to 4) for Years 1 and 2,
respectively. No differences (P>0.05) were found in the
interval from collection (prostaglandin injection) to the
first day of estrus or from the first day of estrus to
ovulation for the collection periods during either year.
Moreover, no differences (P>0.05) were found in the interval
between collections within or between years. The influence of
repeated embryo recovery on subsequent fertility was studied
using eight fillies which had undergone collections a mean of
12 times in Year 1. Five of the eight fillies conceived during
the first estrous cycle and the remaining three conceived
during the second cycle. All fillies produced normal healthy
foals and were rebred on the first or second estrous cycle
postpartum. These results indicate that repeated embryo
recovery attempts yield multiple embryos and do not compromise
the subsequent reproductive performance of 2-year-old fillies.
205 NAL Call. No.: 100 K133P
Repopulation of pseudorabies-infected swine herds by embryo
transfers. James, J.E.; James, D.M.; Martin, P.A.; Davis, D.L.
Manhattan, Kan. : The Station; 1982 Nov.
Report of progress - Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station,
Kansas State College of Agriculture and Applied Science (422):
p. 118-119; 1982 Nov.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sows; Gilts; Herds; Infection; Aujeszky virus;
Embryos (animal); Transfers; Serums; Antibody titer
206 NAL Call. No.: QP251.R47
Salivary oestradiol and progesterone after in vitro
fertilization and embryo transfer using different luteal
support regimens.
Wong, Y.F.; Loong, E.P.L.; Mao, K.R.; Tam, P.P.L.; Panesar,
N.S.; Neale, E.; Chang, A.M.Z.
East Melbourne, Vic., Australia : Commonwealth Scientific and
Industrial Research Organization; 1990.
Reproduction, fertility, and development v. 2 (4): p. 351-358;
1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Salivary glands; Estradiol; Progesterone;
Fertilization; In vitro; Embryos (animal); Transfers
207 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Seasonal effects on caprine response to synchronization of
estrus and superovulatory treatment.
Senn, B.J.; Richardson, M.E.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Mar.
Theriogenology v. 37 (3): p. 579-585; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Goats; Synchronized females; Superovulation;
Seasonality; Breeding season; Embryos; Photoperiod
Abstract: Nubian doelings (n = 21, 7 of which were repeats)
were synchronized and superovulated with Norgestomet ear
implants and follicle stimulating hormone-pituitary (FSH-p)
and were then mated during early and late periods of their
breeding season in the southeastern United States. A 100%
response rate to estrus synchronization treatment was found in
doelings (n = 15, 2 of which were repeats) treated early in
the breeding season, and the superovulation regimen resulted
in the surgical collection of an average of 15.1 viable
embryos per doeling. But only a 66.7% response rate to estrus
synchronization treatment was observed in doelings (n = 6, 5
of which were repeats) treated late in the season; only 50% of
these doelings (or 33.3% of the initial doelings treated)
responded to superovulatory treatment, resulting in an average
of 3.33 viable embryos collected surgically per doeling. Thus,
a significantly higher number of viable embryos can be
obtained from Nubian doelings when treated for estrus
synchronization and superovulation early in the breeding
season.
208 NAL Call. No.: SF5.A8 1990
Sex detection of rat embryos by a visual colorimetric assay of
the X-linked enzyme, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Kim, C.I.; Huh, S.
Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan : The Organization Committee, Fifth
AAAP Animal Science Congress; 1990.
Proceedings, the 5th AAAP Animal Science Congress, May 27-June
1, 1990, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. v. 3 p. 249; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Sex ratio; Embryo implantation
209 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222
Some factors affecting the efficacy of oviduct tissue-
conditioned medium for the culture of early bovine embryos.
Eyestone, W.H.; Jones, J.M.; First, N.L.
Colchester : The Journal; 1991 May.
Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 92 (1): p. 59-64;
1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Zygotes; Morula; Blastocyst; Embryo
culture; Embryonic development; Culture media; Freezing;
Thawing; Oviducts; Estrous cycle
210 NAL Call. No.: SF5.E96 1986
Splitting and sexing of bovine embryos.
Brem, G.
New York : Published by arrangement with the FAO of the UN by
Plenum Press; 1989.
Biotechnology for livestock production / prepared by the
Animal Production and Health Division, FAO. p. 71-78; 1989.
Paper presented at the "Expert Consultation on the Application
of Biotechnology in Livestock Production and Health in
Developing Countries," October 6-10, 1986, Rome, Italy.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryos; Cell division; Sex diagnosis;
Sex chromosomes; Dna probes; Enzyme activity; Enzymes; X
chromosome; Sex linkage; Histocompatibility antigens; Embryo
transfer; Twinning; Twins
211 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Spontaneous embryonic death on days 20 to 40 in heifers.
Kasatelic, J.P.; Northey, D.L.; Ginther, O.J.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991 Feb.
Theriogenology v. 35 (2): p. 351-363; 1991 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heifers; Embryo mortality; Corpus luteum;
Conceptus; Embryo transfer; Animal breeding; Pregnancy rate
Abstract: Transrectal ultrasound examinations were used in
nulliparous Holstein heifers to study the association between
time of spontaneous embryonic death (cessation of heartbeat)
and luteal regression, and to determine the fate of the
conceptus after embryonic death. There was no significant
difference between nonbred heifers (n = 135) and bred,
nonpregnant heifers (embryonic heartbeat never detected, n =
40) for day of onset of luteal repression (means, 17.6 and
17.9, respectively) or for length of interovulatory interval
(means, 20.6 and 20.9 days, respectively). Pregnancy was
confirmed by detection of an embryonic heartbeat on Day 24
(ovulation = Day 0) or later, or on two consecutive days prior
to Day 24; on average, an embryonic heartbeat was detected on
Day 22.0 (n = 104). Pregnancy rate on Day 24 was higher
(P<0.02) in heifers bred on Day -1 (116/149, 77.8%) than in
heifers bred on Day -2 (51/79, 64.6%), and was higher (P<0.05)
in heifers with an embryo transferred ipsilateral to the
corpus luteum than in heifers with an embryo transferred
contralateral to the corpus luteum (3/4 vs 0/5). Embryonic
death (lack of embryonic heartbeat following confirmation of
pregnancy) and presumptive embryonic death (embryonic
heartbeat detected on one day only, prior to Day 24) were
detected prior to Day 25 in one and two bred heifers,
respectively, and in one and two heifers with an embryo
transferred contralateral to the corpus luteum, respectively.
In these six heifers, luteal regression preceded, and
apparently caused, embryonic death. In seven of eight heifers
in which embryonic death was detected between Days 25 and 40,
the onset of luteal regression was detected at least 3 d
(range, 3 to 42 d) after detection of embryonic death. The
incidence of embryonic death on Days 29 to 32 was lower
(P<0.02) in heifers bred on Day -1 than in heifers bred on Day
-2 (0 of 96 vs 3 of 40, respectively). In heifers in which
luteal regression preceded embryonic death, the conceptus was
lost
212 NAL Call. No.: QH324.C7
Status of cryopreservation of embryos from domestic animals.
Fahning, M.L.; Garcia, M.A.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1992 Feb.
Cryobiology v. 29 (1): p. 1-18; 1992 Feb. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Domestic animals; Embryos; Cryopreservation;
Cryoprotectants; Freezing; Thawing; Survival; Literature
reviews
213 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Stochastic modeling of multiple ovulation and embryo transfer
breeding schemes in small closed dairy cattle populations.
Jeon, G.J.; Mao, I.L.; Jensen, J.; Ferris, T.A.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1990
Jul. Journal of dairy science v. 73 (7): p. 1938-1944; 1990
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Breeding programs; Stochastic
models; Genetic change; Genetic drift; Milk yield; Linkage
disequilibrium
214 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Studies on maternal transmission of scrapie in sheep by embryo
transfer. Foster, J.D.; McKelvey, W.A.C.; Mylne, M.J.A.;
Williams, A.; Hunter, N.; Hope, J.; Fraser, H.
London : The Association; 1992 Apr18.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary
Association v. 130 (16): p. 341-343; 1992 Apr18. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ewes; Scrapie; Scrapie agent; Vertical
transmission; Congenital infection; Transovarial transmission;
Lambs
215 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Successful nonsurgical collection of Macaca mulatta embryos.
Goodeaux, L.L.; Anzalone, C.A.; Thibodeaux, J.K.; Menezo, Y.;
Roussel, J.D.; Voelkel, S.A.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Dec.
Theriogenology v. 34 (6): p. 1159-1167; 1990 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Embryos; Collection; Methodology; Macaca mulatta
216 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222
Successful pregnancies afater transfer of embryos recovered
from ewes induced to ovulate 24-29 days post partum.
Wallace, J.M.; Robinson, J.J.; Aitken, R.P.
Colchester : The Journal; 1989 Jul.
Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 86 (2): p. 627-635;
1989 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ewes; Embryos (animal); Puerperium; Transfers;
Pregnancy; Ovulation
217 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Successful transfer of vitrified goat embryos.
Yuswiati, E.; Holtz, W.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Oct.
Theriogenology v. 34 (4): p. 629-632; 1990 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Goats; Embryos; Embryo transfer;
Cryopreservation; Viability
218 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Superovlation of dairy cows with purified FSH supplemented
with defined amounts of LH.
Herrler, A.; Elsaesser, F.; Parvizi, N.; Niemann, H.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Mar.
Theriogenology v. 35 (3): p. 633-643; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Superovulation; Fsh; Lh;
Progesterone; Embryos; Yields
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of a purified
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) preparation supplemented
with three different amounts of bovine luteinizing hormone
(bLH) and a commercially available FSH with a high LH
contamination on superovulatory response, plasma LH and milk
progesterone levels in dairy cows. A total of 112 lactating
Holstein-Friesian crossbred dairy cows were used for these
experiments; the cows were randomly assigned to treatment
groups consisting of purified porcine FSH (pFSH) supplemented
with bLH. Group 1 was given 0.052 IU LH/40 mg armor units (AU)
FSH (n = 6); Group 2 was given 0.069 IU LH (n = 32); Group 3
received 0.423 IU LH (n = 34); while Group 4 cows (n = 36)
were superovulated with a commercially available FSH-P. This
compound appeared to contain 8.5 IU LH/40 mg AU FSH according
to bioassay measurement. All animals received a total of 40 mg
AU FSH at a constant dose twice daily over a 4-d period.
Levels of milk progesterone and plasma LH were determined
during the course of superovulatory treatment. The Group 1
treatment did not reveal multiple follicular growth, and no
embryos were obtained. Superovulation of Group 3 cows resulted
in significantly (P<0.05) more corpora lutea (CL; 12.6+/-1.1)
and fertilized ova (5.1+/-1.3) compared with Groups 2 and 4
(10.1+/-O.9 and 2.6+/-O.6, 9.0+/-O.9 and 2.7+/-O.5,
respectively). Due to a high percentage of degenerated embryos
(33%) Group 3 yielded only one more transferable embryo than
Groups 2 and 4. Among groups, LH levels differed in the period
prior to induction of luteolysis and were similar thereafter.
The progesterone pattern following FSH/LH administration
reflected the amount of LH supplementation. Milk progesterone
levels on the day prior to embryo collection were correlated
to the number of CLs and recovered embryos. It is concluded
that under the conditions of our experiment superovulation
with 0.423 IU LH/40 mg AU FSH may yield a significantly
improved superovulatory respons
219 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Superovulation and embryo quality in beef cows using PMSG and
a monoclonal anti-PMSG.
Zeitoun, M.M.; Yassen, A.M.; Hassan, A.A.; Fathelbab, A.Z.;
Echternkamp, S.E.; Wise, T.H.; Maurer, R.R.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Mar.
Theriogenology v. 35 (3): p. 653-667; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beef cows; Superovulation; Pmsg; Monoclonal
antibodies; Embryos
Abstract: The long half-life of pregnant mare serum
gonadotrophin (PMSG) reduces its application in the
superovulation of cattle; thus, a monoclonal antibody to PMSG
(anti-PMSG) was administered at the onset of estrus to
increase the number of transferable embryos. Angus, Hereford
and Angus X Hereford cows (n = 149) 3 to 9 yr old were
assigned randomly to one of three dosages of PMSG (1500, 3000
or 6000 IU) with or without an equivalent dosage of anti-PMSG.
Embryos were collected nonsurgically on Day 8 (estrus = Day
0), and all cows were ovariectomized on Day 9. The percentage
of cows exhibiting estrus and ovulating decreased (P<0.05)
with an increasing dosage of PMSG (82, 76 and 44% for 1500,
3000 and 6000 IU, respectively). Ovarian and total corpora
lutea (CL) weight increased (P<0.001) linearly as PMSG dosage
increased, but were reduced (P<0.001) curvilinearly by anti-
PMSG, resulting in a PMSG by anti-PMSG interaction (P<0.001);
the interaction was also significant (P0.1) in diameter than embryos collected prior to the
period of oviductal transport (162.5 +/- 3.7 vs 156.7 +/- 3.1
micrometer, respectively). During the period of oviductal
transport, embryos collected from the uterus were not
significantly larger (P>0.1) in diameter than embryos
collected from the oviduct (160.7 +/-3.2 vs 164.3 +/- 7.0
micrometer respectively). During this same period 12/14
embryos were compact morulae, and 2/14 embryos were
blastocysts.
224 NAL Call. No.: SF1.F64 no.77
Training manual for embryo transfer in cattle.
Seidel, George E.; Seidel, Sarah M.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations,; 1991. xii, 164 p. : ill., forms ; 21 cm. (FAO animal
production and health paper ; 77). Includes bibliographical
references (p. 159-164).
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle
225 NAL Call. No.: SF1.F64 no.84
Training manual for embryo transfer in water-buffaloes.
Drost, Maarten
Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations,; 1991. xi, 58 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. (FAO animal
production and health paper ; 84). "M-22"--T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-58).
Language: English
Descriptors: Buffaloes
226 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Transfer of porcine embryos after 3 days of in vitro culture.
Blum-Reckow, B.; Holtz, W.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991
Aug. Journal of animal science v. 69 (8): p. 3335-3342; 1991
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Embryo culture; Embryo transfer; Culture
media; Synchronized females; Viability; Blood serum;
Progesterone
Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to determine the
viability of porcine embryos transferred after long-term in
vitro culture. In Exp. 1, four-cell embryos were kept in
culture for 120 h. Embryos that were exposed to fresh culture
medium every 12 h survived better than embryos kept in the
same medium throughout the culture period. In Exp. 2, four-
and eight-cell embryos were cultured in vitro for 72 h before
transfer to estrus-induced recipient gilts. Each gilt
received, on average, 19 embryos. If recipients were
synchronous with donors 3/32 (9%) recipients remained pregnant
with an average of 4.0 +/- .6 viable young. If the sexual
cycle of the recipients was 24 h behind that of the donors the
pregnancy rate was 18/34 (53%) with 4.4 +/- .5 viable young.
Average embryo survival rate for the two groups was 1.8 and
12.5%, respectively. A 24-hourly medium replacement during the
in vitro culture period had no significant effect on transfer
results. When transferring freshly collected blastocysts,
pregnancy rate, number of viable young and survival rate of
embryos were 6/10 (60%), 7.8 +/- 1.4, and 23.9% for
synchronous recipients and 7/10 (70%), 9.3 +/- 1.8, and 32.9.%
for asynchronous recipients, respectively. Recipients with
very high plasma progesterone levels or numerous follicular
cysts at the time of transfer were less likely to remain
pregnant than others.
227 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Transitory acidification of semen as a potential method for
the inactivation of some pathogenic microorganisms. Effect on
fertilization and development of ova in superovulated heifers.
Bielanski, A.; Eastman, P.; Hare, W.C.D.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Jul.
Theriogenology v. 36 (1): p. 33-40; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Heifers; Holstein-friesian; Semen;
Acidification; Artificial insemination; Cryopreservation;
Superovulation; Superovulated females; Ova; Embryo transfer;
Embryos; Fertilization; Acrosome; Disease control; Viruses;
Viral diseases; Motility; Spermatozoa
Abstract: The fertilizing capacity of transitorily acidified
semen was investigated with respect to using acidification as
a method for destroying or inactivating acid labile pathogenic
microorganisms in semen prior to freezing. Ejaculates diluted
1:1 with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were acidified to pH
5.0 for 2 or 5 minutes before being returned to their original
pH. They were then frozen by commercial methods and used to
artificially inseminate superovulated heifers. A total 739 ova
and embryos was collected from 119 inseminated donors. The
fertilization rate was 88%, and 78% of the embryos were of
transferable quality. Semen acidification had no apparent
effect on the post-thaw percentage of intact acrosomes.
228 NAL Call. No.: SF1.S68
Transplantation of bovine embryos after prolonged storage at a
temperature of +5 degrees C.
Shakhbazyan, A.K.; Krivokharchenko, A.S.; Serobyan, G.A.;
Gazaryan, K.G. New York, N.Y. : Allerton Press; 1989.
Soviet agricultural biology : Part 2 : Animal biology (3): p.
33-35; 1989. Translated from: Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya
Biologiya, (4), 1989, p. 28-29. Includes references.
Language: English; Russian
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryos; Embryo transfer; Cold storage;
Embryo implantation
229 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Transvaginal ultrasound guided follicular aspiration of bovine
oocytes. Pieterse, M.C.; Vos, P.L.A.M.; Kruip, T.A.M.; Wurth,
Y.A.; Beneden, T.H. van; Willemse, A.H.; Taverne, M.A.M.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Apr.
Theriogenology v. 35 (4): p. 857-862; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cows; Oocytes; Collection; Graafian follicles;
Ultrasonography; Ultrasonics; Estrous cycle; Estrus; Vagina
Abstract: A transvaginal ultrasound guided follicular
aspiration technique was developed for the repeated collection
of bovine oocytes from natural cycling cows. In addition, the
feasibility of using this method for collecting immature
oocytes for in vitro embryo production was also evaluated.
Puncturing of visible follicles for ovum pick-up was performed
in 21 cows over a three month period. All visible follicles
larger than 3 mm were punctured and aspirated three times
during the estrous cycle on Day 3 or 4. Day 9 or 10 and Day 15
or 16. The mean (+/- SEM) estrous cycle length after repeated
follicle puncture was 22.2 +/- 0.3 days. The mean total number
of punctured follicles per estrous cycle was 12.6 +/- 0.3. The
largest (P < 0.05) number of follicles punctured (5.1 +/- 0.3)
for ovum pick-up was on Day 3 or 4 of the estrous cycle. The
overall recovery rate of 541 punctured follicles was 55%. Most
oocytes (P < 0.05) were aspirated from follicles smaller than
10 mm. Following in vitro maturation and fertilization
(IVM/IVF), 104 oocytes were transferred to sheep oviducts. Six
days later, 75 ova/embryos were recovered, after flushing the
oviduct of the sheep, of which 24% developed into transferable
morulae and blastocysts. In this study, a reliable
nonsurgical, follicular aspiration procedure was used for the
repeated collection of immature oocytes which could be used
successfully for in vitro production of embryos. This
procedure offers a competitive alternative to conventional
superovulation/embryo collection procedures.
230 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Transvaginal ultrasound guided follicular aspiration of bovine
oocytes. Pieterse, M.C.; Vos, P.L.A.M.; Kruip, T.A.M.; Wurth,
Y.A.; Beneden, T.H. van; Willemse, A.H.; Taverne, M.A.M.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 35 (1): p. 19-24; 1991 Jan. Paper presented
at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society, Jan 13-15, 1991, Bournemouth, England. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cows; Oocytes; Follicles; Ultrasound; Collection;
Estrous cycle
231 NAL Call. No.: RG135.T76
Trophoblast invasion and endometrial receptivity novel aspects
of the cell biology of embryo implantation.
Denker, Hans-Werner,_1941-; Aplin, John Dalzell,
Cell Tissue and Organ Culture Study Group, Meeting_1986
:_Heidelberg, Germany) New York : Plenum Medical Book Co.,;
1990.
xi, 462 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. (Trophoblast research ; v. 4).
"Derived from a workshop ... held during the Twenty-Fourth
Annual Meeting of the Cell, Tissue, and Organ Culture Study
Group (C.T.O.C.) in 1986, at Heidelberg, Federal Republic of
Germany"--T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references and
index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Human embryo; Transplantation; Congresses;
Trophoblast; Physiology; Congresses; Endometrium; Physiology;
Congresses; Surgery, Experimental; Congresses
232 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Trypsin treatment of bovine ova after in vitro exposure to
vesicular stomatitis virus.
Stringfellow, D.A.; Lauerman, L.H.; Thomson, M.S.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association;
1989 Jun. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (6):
p. 990-992; 1989 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cows; Ova; Vesicular stomatitis virus; Serotypes;
Trypsin; Disease control
Abstract: Preimplantation bovine ova were exposed in vitro to
vesicular stomatitis virus, Indiana serotype, to document
adherence of the virus to the zona pellucida. To determine the
efficacy of this treatment, some of the ova were treated with
trypsin after exposure to the virus. Vesicular stomatitis
virus was isolated from 5 of 10 groups of zona pellucida-
intact ova after 12 sequential washes without trypsin
treatment. Vesicular stomatitis virus was also isolated from 4
of 11 groups of zona pellucida-intact ova after trypsin
treatment.
233 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Turnover of dominant follicles in cattle of different
reproductive states. Roche, J.F.; Boland, M.P.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 35 (1): p. 81-90; 1991 Jan. Paper presented
at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo Transfer
Society, Jan 13-15, 1991, Bournemouth, England. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Estrous cycle; Follicles; Postpartum
period
234 NAL Call. No.: SF5.A8 1990
Ultrarapid freezing of 1- and 2-cell mouse embryos fertilized
in vivo or in vitro.
Chung, K.M.; Im, K.S.; Kim, S.H.; Lee, C.K.; Lee, Y.B.
Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan : The Organization Committee, Fifth
AAAP Animal Science Congress; 1990.
Proceedings, the 5th AAAP Animal Science Congress, May 27-June
1, 1990, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. v. 3 p. 247; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Embryos; Freezing; Fertilization; In vitro
235 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Ultrasonography for detection of early pregnancy following
embryo transfer in unknown breed of Bos indicus cows.
Totey, S.M.; Singh, G.; Taneja, M.; Talwar, G.P.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Mar.
Theriogenology v. 35 (3): p. 487-497; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cows; Pregnancy diagnosis; Ultrasonography;
Embryo transfer
Abstract: Real time, B mode ultrasound was used from Days 18
to 64 to detect and monitor the conceptus in 30 unknown breeds
of Bos indicus recipients following embryo transfer. The
embryonic vesicle was first visible within te
measured in su
Days 18 and 20 (mean +/- SD 18.5 +/- 0.7 d) d). The embryo
proper was detected at Day 19.5 +/- 0.7. The heartbeats were
detected at Day 22.6 +/- 0.9. The average day of first
detection of the allantois, the C -shaped embryo and the
amnion was 23.1 +/- 0.8, 23.8 +/- 1.4 and 25.1 +/- 1.4 d,
respectively. The fore limb, the limb buds, the spinal cord
and the optic area were observed on Days 32.7 +/- 1.3, 32.9
+/- 1.3, 33.0 +/- 1.5 and 33.6 +/- 1.4, respectively. Fetal
movements could be detected at Day 50.7 +/- 1.0. Ribs and
vertebrae were detected on Day 60.9 +/- 1.7. The mean length
of the embryo proper was 4.5 +/- 0.8 mm on Day 19. At Day 60
it was 52.5 +/- 7.0 mm. The growth of the embryo proper
increased steadily until Day 39, growing rapidly thereafter.
Embryonic death was detected in one recipient on Day 32. The
echongenic area started increasing and recipient appeared in
estrus on Day 40. Sixteen recipients exhibited estrus on Days
22 to 24. An increase in intrauterine fluid was observed on
Days 18 to 24.
236 NAL Call. No.: SF5.A8 1990
Uniformity and recovery of porcine embryos.
Chen, L.R.; Sheen, Y.W.; Hsu, T.T.; Wu, M.C.
Chunan, Miaoli, Taiwan : The Organization Committee, Fifth
AAAP Animal Science Congress; 1990.
Proceedings, the 5th AAAP Animal Science Congress, May 27-June
1, 1990, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. v. 3 p. 370; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Embryos; Collection
237 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222 SUPPL.
A unifying hypothesis for the control of blastocyst growth
based on observations of the pig.
Flint, A.P.F.
Cambridge, U.K. : The Journals of Reproduction and Fertility
Ltd; 1981. Journal of reproduction and fertility: Supplement
(29): p. 215-227; 1981. In the series analytic: Embryonic
diapause in mammals / edited by A.P.F. Flint, Marilyn B.
Renfree, and Barbara J. Weir. Proceedings of a symposium held
February 1980, Thredbo, New South Wales, Australia. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Blastocyst; Endometrium; Embryo
implantation; Diapause; Growth; Estrogens; Chorionic
gonadotropin; Growth inhibitors
238 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Unsatisfactory results with the transfer of embryos from gilts
superovulated with PMSG and hCG.
Holtz, W.; Schlieper, B.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Jun.
Theriogenology v. 35 (6): p. 1237-1249; 1991 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Gilts; German landrace; Pig breeds;
Superovulation; Pmsg; Hcg; Embryos; Survival; Embryo transfer;
Pregnancy rate; Viability; Dosage effects
Abstract: Prepuberal gilts received an intramuscular
injection of either a single dose of PG 600 (400 IU pregnant
mare serum and 200 IU human chorionic gonadotropin) (n=21),
twice (n=18) or three times (n=24) that amount. This was
followed by 500 IU hCG 56 h later. Most of the gilts were
inseminated 36 h following treatment. Of the 63 donors, 58
responded to treatment with, on average, 20.8, 36.7 and 55.8
ovulations, and embryo/ova recovery rates of 80, 76.3 and
53.8% for the three respective dosages. Within 2 to 4 h after
collection, synchronized gilts received 16 to 18
morphologically normal embryos transferred into the oviduct.
The recipients were slaughtered at 28 to 32 d after embryo
transfer, and 10 of 11, 6 of 11 and 9 of 13 gilts in the three
treatment groups were found to be pregnant; the average number
of viable conceptuses was 6.6, 6.1 and 6.6. There was a lower
embryo recovery and pregnancy rate associated with the
administration of increasing dosages of PMSG and hCG; thus
this regimen is not recommended.
239 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Use of bovine FSH for superovulation and embryo production in
beef heifers. Bellows, R.A.; Staigmiller, R.B.; Wilson, J.M.;
Phelps, D.A.; Darling, A. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-
Heinemann; 1991 Jun.
Theriogenology v. 35 (6): p. 1069-1082; 1991 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zebu; Beef cows; Heifers; Hereford; Brahman;
Fish; Superovulation; Embryos; Isolation; Graafian follicles;
Corpus luteum; Progesterone; Blood serum; Embryo transfer
Abstract: A biologically active dimeric glycoprotein
gonadotropin (bFSH) produced by recombinant DNA technology was
used to determine superovulation response and embryo
production in Hereford F1 and Brahman F1 heifers. Heifers
received a total dose of either 18- or 24-mg bFSH administered
intramuscularly and given twice daily over a 3-d period.
Luteal regression was induced with either dinoprost (Lutalyse)
or cloprostenol (Estrumate) administered immediately before
the fifth bFSH injection. Blood samples were obtained just
prior to the first and fifth bFSH injection and 12 h after the
last injection. Progesterone concentrations were determined by
radioimmunoassay. Embryos were collected by routine
nonsurgical procedures. Superovulatory response (P<0.01) and
the number of embryos recovered (P<0.05) were greater in
Brahman F1 than Hereford F1 heifers. No significant
differences were found due to luteolytic agent or bFSH dosage.
Serum progesterone concentration in the initial sample was
higher (P<0.01) in Hereford F1 than in Brahman F1 heifers, and
there were interactions in progesterone concentrations between
heifer breed and bFSH dose (P<0.05) and between breed and
luteolytic agent (P<0.05). Residual correlation analyses
showed heifers with high progesterone concentrations in the
initial sample yielded more normal, quality Grade-1 embryos
recovered and frozen (P<0.10 to P<0.05). This new compound had
high biological activity and gave an excellent superovulatory
response within the dosage range studied. Variation in
ovarian-embryo traits was similar to that of presently
available gonadotropins.
240 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Use of embryo transfer in future cattle breeding schemes.
Christensen, L.G.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 35 (1): p. 141-149. ill; 1991 Jan. Paper
presented at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo
Transfer Society, Jan 13-15, 1991, Bournemouth, England.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Embryo transfer; Breeding programs;
Selection; Cloning
241 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442
Use of embryo transfer to induce twinning in beef cattle:
embryo survival rate, gestation length and birth weight of
calves.
Davis, M.E.; Harvey, W.R.; Bishop, M.D.; Gearheart, W.W.
Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural
Research and Development Center; 1988 Mar.
Beef cattle research report (88-1): p. 9-21; 1988 Mar. In
subseries: Animal Science Series. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beef cows; Embryo transfer; Twinning; Birth
weight; Survival; Splitting
242 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Use of ethylene glycol as a cryoprotectant for bovine embryos
allowing direct transfer of frozen-thawed embryos to recipient
females.
Voelkel, S.A.; Hu, Y.X.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Mar.
Theriogenology v. 37 (3): p. 687-697; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cows; Embryos; Embryo transfer; Cryoprotectants;
Ethylene glycol; Freezing; Rehydration; Survival
Abstract: Four experiments were conducted to define a system
for the direct transfer of frozen-thawed bovine embryos to
recipient females. In Experiment 1, nonsurgically recovered
embryos were frozen in 1.5 M ethylene glycol (EG), 1.5 M
propylene glycol (PG), 1.5 M DMSO or 1.4 M glycerol (GLY), and
then thawed and placed directly into holding medium. Viability
at 72 hours of post-thaw culture was 70, 11, 25 and 30% for
the four groups, respectively. In Experiments II and III, 1.0,
1.5 and 2.0 M concentrations of EG were compared; a
concentration of 1.5 M appeared to provide optimal
cryopreservation and survival after direct rehydration. In
Experiment IV, embryos were packaged in straws containing only
1.5 M EG, in straws containing a column of 1.5 M EG and the
embryo and two columns of PB1 in a 1:3 ratio of volumes
(EG/PB1), or were frozen in 1.4 M glycerol. After thawing,
embryos in EG and EG/PB1 treatments were transferred directly
to recipient females, while embryos frozen in GLY were
rehydrated using a three-step procedure. In the first trial,
pregnancy rates at approximately 60 days of gestation for
embryos frozen in EG and GLY groups were 39 and 62%,
respectively (P < 0.10). In the second trial, the pregnancy
rate for embryos frozen in EG/PB1 was equal to that of embryos
frozen in GLY (50% in both groups). These experiments
demonstrate the potential for using ethylene glycol as a
cryoprotectant for bovine embryos, thus permitting direct
transfer of frozen-thawed embryos to recipient females.
243 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55
The use of increased female reproductive rates in dairy cattle
breeding schemes.
Meuwissen, T.H.E.
East Lothian, Scotland : Durrant; 1991 Feb.
Animal production v. 52 (pt.1): p. 21-31; 1991 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Nucleus scheme; Selection program;
Embryo transfer; Progeny testing; Genetic gain; Female
fertility; Superovulation; Deterministic models
244 NAL Call. No.: 100 L939
Using computerized image analysis to evaluate cattle embryos
before transfer. Casey, P.L.; Youngs, C.R.; Godke, R.A.
Baton Rouge, La. : The Station; 1990.
Louisiana agriculture - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 33 (4): p. 9-12; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Embryo transfer; Image processors;
Computer techniques
245 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Using embryo sexing within closed mixed multiple ovulation and
embryo transfer schemes for selection on dairy cattle.
Colleau, J.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1991
Nov. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (11): p. 3973-3984; 1991
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Embryo transfer; Sex diagnosis;
Genetic gain; Simulation models; Selection; Nucleus scheme;
Dams
Abstract: Two types of multiple ovulation and embryo transfer
schemes that included bull progeny testing were compared. In
the juvenile schemes, embryos were collected at 16 to 18 mo of
age without sexing, whereas, in the adult schemes, donors were
chosen based on their first lactation record, and their
embryos were systematically sexed. With the latter schemes,
natural calves obtained at the first two calvings could
compete with embryo transfer calves to be replacements. The
optimal structure of this scheme was derived algebraically for
the same number of transferred embryos as in the juvenile
schemes. Predicted asymptotic annual genetic gains, after
stabilization of genetic parameters taking into account the
Bulmer effect, were found to be slightly in favor of the adult
schemes for a given set of parameters (overall number of
transferred embryos, number of embryos per collection, and
embryo survival rate). In the adult schemes, the nucleus sizes
were much larger than in the juvenile schemes, which allowed a
higher selection differential on male paths, thus compensating
for the longer generation interval. Asymptotic rate of genetic
gain for Monte Carlo simulations were about 10 and 7% lower
for juvenile and adult schemes, respectively, but still higher
(20%) than the predicted value for the corresponding
conventional scheme. Consequently, adult schemes with embryo
sexing can be an efficient alternative to juvenile schemes
without embryo sexing.
246 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Utilization of dominance variance through mate allocation
strategies. DeStefano, A.L.; Hoeschele, I.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Jun. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (6): p. 1680-1690; 1992
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Simulation models; Specific
combining ability; Genetic gain; Dominance; Genetic
parameters; Inbreeding depression; Prediction; Accuracy;
Mating combinations; Embryo transfer
Abstract: Simulation was used to evaluate the increase in
progeny performance from three mating strategies based on
predicted specific combining abilities among sires and
maternal grandsires over random mating that do not use
specific combining ability but avoid inbreeding. Specific
combining abilities were equal to the sum of combination
effects from dominance plus the effect of inbreeding
depression. Mates were allocated by linear programming with
two approximations. Genetic parameters were h(2) in the narrow
sense equal to .05, .15, or .25 and the ratio of dominance to
phenotypic variance equal to .05, .10, or .15. A population of
400 bulls were grouped by .99, .85, and .70 PTA reliability;
the first group was sires and maternal grandsires of others.
Recurrence equations for combination effects that were due to
dominance, not including inbreeding depression, were used to
create a matrix of true combination effects among bulls.
Predicted specific combining abilities were computed from true
combination effects using low, intermediate, and high levels
of accuracy plus the effect of inbreeding. Twenty herds of
cows were generated for each bull populations. Within a herd,
four mating groups of 123 cows were mated to 10 bulls from all
bull groups. The three mating strategies yielded progeny
merits slightly but significantly higher than random mating.
Scaled by standard deviation of milk yield, increases with
linear programming were 12.3 to 40.1 kg for low, 16.4 to 46.4
kg for intermediate, and 31.0 to 80.3 for high accuracy.
247 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Variation among donor females in mammalian preimplantation
embryo research. Pomp, D.; Eisen, E.J.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Jun.
Theriogenology v. 35 (6): p. 1209-1224; 1991 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Embryos; Cryopreservation; Freezing;
Survival; Embryonic development; Blastocyst; In vitro; Donors;
Genotypes; Genetic variation; Experimental design; Statistical
analysis
Abstract: Data from two investigations involving
preimplantation mouse embryo survival rates were analyzed by
statistical methods which considered (Analysis I) or ignored
(Analysis II) variation among-donor females. The first
investigation studied in vitro development of zygotes in two
culture media. Embryos from each donor female were randomly
allocated to treatments. Analysis I utilized donor female as a
block, removing among-donor female variation from the mean-
square error. Analysis II ignored this variation, as if
embryos from all donor females were pooled prior to random
allocation to treatment. Media effects were large in both
cases, and interpretation of results did not differ among
analyses for an outbred stock or for an outbred X inbred
cross. However, level of significance was consistently more
extreme in Analysis II than in Analysis I. The second
investigation studied genotypic responses in development of
eight-cell embryos following cryopreservation. Survival rate
was measured per donor female within genotype. Analysis I
utilized donor females nested within genotype as the error
term. Analysis II again utilized categorical pooling of data,
ignoring donor females. In several cases, genotype differences
and interaction effects were significant in Analysis II but
not in Analysis I. Interpretation of results was dependent
upon type of analysis. Consideration of among-donor female
variation consistently yielded conservative tests of
hypotheses relative to analyses which ignored this source of
variation. Failure to consider among-donor female variation
may lead to improper hypothesis testing, thus increasing the
risk of false rejection of null hypotheses (Type-I error).
248 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
The viability of late morulae and blastocysts produced by
nuclear transplantation in cattle.
Willadsen, S.M.; Janzen, R.E.; McAlister, R.J.; Shea, B.F.;
Hamilton, G.; McDermand, D.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991 Jan.
Theriogenology v. 35 (1): p. 161-170; 1991 Jan. Paper
presented at the Annual Conference of the International Embryo
Transfer Society, Jan 13-15, 1991, Bournemouth, England.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Morula; Blastocyst; Viability;
Transplantation; Nuclei
249 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Viability of vitrified mouse embryos using various
cryoprotectant mixtures. Ishimori, H.; Takahashi, Y.;
Kanagawa, H.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Feb.
Theriogenology v. 37 (2): p. 481-487; 1992 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Morula; Blastocyst; Cryoprotectants;
Cryopreservation; Viability; Embryo culture; Embryo transfer;
Embryo mortality; Mice; Temperature; Ethylene glycol;
Propylene glycol; Glycerol; Dimethyl sulfoxide
Abstract: Mouse morulae and blastocysts were cryopreserved by
vitrification using six types of solutions. Each solution was
composed of two types of cryoprotectants, glycerol (GL) +
ethylene glycol (EG), GL + propylene glycol (PG). GL +
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). EG + PG, EG + DMSO, and PG + DMSO
at an each cryoprotectant concentration of 25% v/v. Embryos
were exposed to each type of vitrification solutions, which
had been diluted 50% in PBS, for 5 minutes at room
temperature, then for another 5 minutes at 4 degrees C. The
embryos were loaded into straws containing vitrification
solution at 4 degrees C and plunged into liquid nitrogen
within 30 seconds. After warming in water at 0 degrees C and
following one-step dilution of the cryoprotectant in 0.5 M
sucrose + PBS, the embryos were cultured in vitro. The
survival rates of morulae were 51, 16, 78, 44, 79 and 50%.
respectively, for the six solutions. The survival rates of the
morulae using GL + DMSO and EG + DMSO were significantly
higher than those of the other solutions (P < 0.01). The
survival rates of blastocysts were 72, 29, 55. 46, 79 and 46%,
respectively, for the six solutions. The survival rates using
GL + EG and EG + DMSO were significantly higher than those of
the other solutions (P < 0.05). A high in vitro survival rate
was obtained when both morulae and blastocysts were vitrified
using EG + DMSO. Therefore, embryos vitrified in EG + DMSO
were transferred to recipient mice, and their development into
live fetuses was investigated. The in vivo development rates
of morulae and blastocysts were 34 and 49%, respectively.
These values were not significantly different from those of
fresh control embryos.
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