ISSN: 1052-5378qb9418

AWIC

Anesthesia and Analgesia for Companion and Laboratory Animals

Provided by the Animal Welfare Information Center

United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library


January 1988 - January 1994

United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library
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Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351

QB 94-18

Updated by QB 95-12



Quick Bibliography Series Bibliographies in the Quick Bibliography Series of the National Agricultural Library, are intended primarily for current awareness, and as the title of the series implies, are not indepth exhaustive bibliographies on any given subject. However, the citations are a substantial resource for recent investigations on a given topic. They also serve the purpose of bringing the literature of agriculture to the interested user who, in many cases, could not access it by any other means. The bibliographies are derived from computerized on-line searches of the AGRICOLA data base. Timeliness of topic and evidence of extensive interest are the selection criteria.

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Quick Bibliography Series: QB 94-18

311 citations in English from AGRICOLA

Tim Allen
Animal Welfare Information Center

March 1994 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:

Allen, Tim
Anesthesia and analgesia for companion and laboratory animals.
(Quick bibliography series ; 94-18)
1. Animal anesthesia--Bibliography. 2. Laboratory animals--Bibliography. I. Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.94-18

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AGRICOLA

Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA database between January 1979 and the present.

SAMPLE CITATIONS
 
 Citations in this bibliography are from the National Agricultural Library's
 AGRICOLA database.  An explanation of sample journal article, book, and
 audiovisual citations appears below.
 
 JOURNAL ARTICLE:
 
   Citation #                                     NAL Call No.
    Article title.
    Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher.  Journal Title.
    Date.  Volume (Issue).  Pages.  (NAL Call Number).
 
 Example:
   1                             NAL Call No.:  DNAL 389.8.SCH6
    Morrison, S.B.  Denver, Colo.:  American School Food Service
    Association.  School foodservice journal.  Sept 1987. v. 41
    (8). p.48-50. ill.
 
 BOOK:
 
   Citation #                                   NAL Call Number
    Title.
    Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher, date. Information
    on pagination, indices, or bibliographies.
 
 Example:
   1                        NAL Call No.:  DNAL RM218.K36 1987
    Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
    Kane, June Kozak.  New York:  Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.
    Includes index.  xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm.  Bibliography:
    p. 126.
 
 AUDIOVISUAL:
 
   Citation #                                  NAL Call Number
    Title.
    Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher, date.
    Supplemental information such as funding.  Media format
    (i.e., videocassette):  Description (sound, color, size).
 
 Example:
   1                    NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV
    All aboard the nutri-train.
    Mayo, Cynthia.  Richmond, Va.:  Richmond Public Schools,
    1981.  NET funded.  Activity packet prepared by Cynthia
    Mayo.  1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +
    activity packet.Anesthesia and Analgesia for Companion and Laboratory Animals
                                          January 1988 - January 1994
 
 
 
                             SEARCH STRATEGY
 
 Set        Items      Description
 
 
 1          20557      anesthe? or anasthe? or anaesthe? or analges? or pain? or
                       distress? or stress? or tranquil? or anxiolytic?
 2           2258      S1 and (rabbit? or dog? or cat? or puppy or puppies or kitten?
                       or rat or rats or mouse or mice or guinea (W) pig? or hamster?
                       or gerbil? or ferret? or vole?)
 3           1809      S2/ti(tle)
 4            871      S3 and PY=1988:1994
 5            861      S4 and LA=English
 6            484      S5 not stress?
 
 
 
Anesthesia and Analgesia for Companion and Laboratory Animals
1 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Acupuncture analgesia: a review. Janssens, L.A.A.; Rogers, P.A.M.; Schoen, A.M. London : The Association; 1988 Apr09. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 122 (15): p. 355-358. ill; 1988 Apr09. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Acupuncture; Pain; Analgesics 2 NAL Call. No.: SF601.P76 Acupuncture-produced surgical analgesia--physiology, indications, techniques, and limitations. Klide, A.M. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Co; 1992 Mar. Problems in veterinary medicine v. 4 (1): p. 200-206; 1992 Mar. In the series analytic: Veterinary acupuncture / edited by A. M. Schoen. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Domestic animals; Anesthesia; Surgery; Mode of action; Acupuncture; Restraint of animals 3 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis in a dog after halothane anaesthesia and administration of flunixin meglumine and trimethoprim-sulphadiazine. McNeil, P.E. London : The Association; 1992 Aug15. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 131 (7): p. 148-151; 1992 Aug15. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Postoperative complications; Nephritis; Renal failure; Halothane; Anesthesia; Flunixin; Trimethoprim; Sulfadiazine; Ischemia; Case reports 4 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Adaptation of human oscillometric blood pressure monitors for use in dogs. Hunter, J.S. Jr; McGrath, C.J.; Thatcher, C.D.; Remillard, R.L.; McCain, W.C. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Sep. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (9): p. 1439-1442; 1990 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Monitors; Blood pressure; Measurement; Modification; Veterinary equipment Abstract: Two digital oscillometric human blood pressure measuring devices were modified and evaluated as blood pressure monitors in 12 healthy anesthetized dogs. Direct arterial pressures were measured via cannulation of the dorsal pedal artery and were correlated with indirect measurements through an inflatable cuff placed over the dorsal pedal artery below the hock joint of the contralateral limb. Direct and indirect measurements were compared for systolic, diastolic, and calculated mean arterial pressures. Blood pressure ranges between 215/145 mm of Hg and 65/30 mm of Hg were obtained, using combinations of halothane, phenylephrine, calcium, and IV administered fluids. Machine A was found to be insufficient for clinical application, on the basis of correlation coefficients between direct and indirect pressures of 0.78, 0.65, and 0.74 for systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures, respectively. Higher correlation coefficients between direct and indirect pressures (0.77, 0.87, and 0.87, respectively) were obtained with machine B. The results of the study reported here suggest machine B may be an effective blood pressure monitoring device in anesthetized dogs. 5 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Adverse effects of administration of propofol with various preanesthetic regimens in dogs. Smith, J.A.; Gaynor, J.S.; Bednarski, R.M.; Muir, W.W. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1993 Apr01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 202 (7): p. 1111-1115; 1993 Apr01. Paper presented at the symposium on "Animals and the environment: Impacts on veterinary medicine," Boston, Massachusetts. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Preanesthetic medication; Anesthetics; Adverse effects; Diazepam; Anesthesia 6 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A alpha 2-Adrenergic receptor agonist effects on supraventricular and ventricular automaticity in dogs with complete atrioventricular block. Day, T.K.; Muir, W.W. III Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Jan. American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (1): p. 136-141; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Alpha-adrenergic receptors; Agonists; Narcotic antagonists; Xylazine; Ventricles Abstract: Complete atrioventricular block was induced in 26 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs to determine the effects of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonists, xylazine and medetomidine, on supraventricular and ventricular automaticity. Prazosin and atipamezole, alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, were administered to isolate alpha 1- or alpha 2-adrenoceptor effects. Six dogs served as controls and were given glycopyrrolate (0.1 mg/kg of body weight, IV) and esmolol (50 to 75 microgram/kg/min, IV) to induce parasympathetic and beta 1-adrenergic blockade, respectively. Eight dogs were given sequentially increasing doses of xylazine (n = 5), 0.000257 mg (10(-9)M) to 25.7 mg (10(-4)M) and medetomidine (n = 3), 0.000237 mg (10(-9)M) to 2.37 mg (10(-5) < M) after parasympathetic and beta 1-adrenergic blockade. Twelve dogs were given xylazine (n = 6, 1.1 mg/kg, IV) or medetomidine (n = 6, 0.05 mg/kg, IV) after parasympathetic and beta 1-adrenergic blockade. Three dogs given xylazine and 3 dogs given medetomidine were administered prazosin (0.1 mg/kg, IV) followed by atipamezole (0.3 mg/kg, IV). The order of prazosin and atipamezole was reversed in the remaining 3 dogs given either xylazine or medetomidine. Complete atrioventricular block and administration of glycopyrrolate and esmolol resulted in stable supraventricular and ventricular rates over a 4-hour period. Increasing concentration of xylazine or medetomidine did not cause significant changes in supraventricular or ventricular rate. Xylazine and medetomidine, in the presence of the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, prazosin (alpha(1)) and atipamezole (alpha(2)), did not cause significant changes in supraventricular or ventricular rate. alpha 2-Adrenoceptor agonists do not induce direct alpha 1- or alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated depression of supraventricular or ventricular rate in dogs with complete atrioventricular block. 7 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Alterations in epinephrine-induced arrhythmogenesis after xylazine and subsequent yohimbine administration in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. Tranquilli, W.J.; Thurmon, J.C.; Benson, G.J. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Jul. American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (7): p. 1072-1075; 1988 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Adrenalin; Xylazine; Anesthetics; Heart rate; Blood pressure; Heart diseases Abstract: Effects of xylazine (1.1 mg/kg of body weight, IV bolus, plus 1.1 mg/kg/h infusion) and subsequent yohimbine (0.125 mg/kg, IV bolus) administration on the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ADE) in isoflurane (1.8% endtidal)-anesthetized dogs were evaluated. The ADE was defined as the total dose of epinephrine that induced greater than or equal to 4 premature ventricular contractions within 15 seconds during a 3-minute infusion period or within 1 minute after the end of infusion. Total ADE values during isoflurane anesthesia, after xylazine administration, and after yohimbine injection were 36.6 +/- 8.45 micrograms/kg, 24.1 +/- 6.10 micrograms/kg, and 45.7 +/- 6.19 micrograms/kg, respectively. Intravenous xylazine administration significantly ( P less than 0.05) increased blood pressure and decreased heart rate, whereas yohimbine administration induced a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in blood pressure. After yohimbine administration, the ADE significantly (P less than 0.05) increased above that after isoflurane plus xylazine administration. After yohimbine administration, blood pressure measured immediately before epinephrine-induced arrhythmia was significantly (P less than 0.05) less than the value recorded during isoflurane plus xylazine anesthesia. Heart rate was unchanged among treatments immediately before epinephrine-induced arrhythmia. Seemingly, yohimbine possessed a protective action against catecholamine-induced arrhythmias in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane and xylazine. 8 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Anaesthesia and central nervous system disease in small animals. I. general considerations. Court, M.H.; Dodman, N.H.; Norman, W.M.; Seeler, D.C. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1990 Jul. British veterinary journal v. 146 (4): p. 285-295; 1990 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Central nervous system; Nervous system diseases; Hypertension; Surgical operations; Physiopathology; Blood flow; Treatment 9 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Anaesthesia and central nervous system disease in small animals. II. anaesthetic management for specific diseases and procedures. Court, M.H.; Dodman, N.H.; Norman, W.M.; Seeler, D.C. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1990 Jul. British veterinary journal v. 146 (4): p. 296-308; 1990 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Nervous system diseases; Central nervous system; Neoplasms; Head; Injuries; Spinal diseases; Diagnostic techniques 10 NAL Call. No.: SF991.A3 Anaesthesia: established principles and new developments. Taylor, P.M. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1988. Advances in small animal practice v. 1: p. 87-119. ill; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Respiration; Blood circulation; Monitoring 11 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Anaesthesia for small animal patients with disease of the hepatic, renal or gastrointestinal system. Dodman, N.H.; Seeler, D.C.; Court, M.H.; Norman, W.M. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1989 Jan. British veterinary journal v. 145 (1): p. 3-22; 1989 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Liver diseases; Kidney diseases; Digestive system diseases 12 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Anaesthesia for small animal patients with neuromuscular disease. Fikes, L.L.; Dodman, N.H.; Court, M.H. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1990 Nov. British veterinary journal v. 146 (6): p. 487-499; 1990 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Neuromuscular diseases; Anesthetics; Neurophysiology; Physiopathology; Symptoms; Breeds; Diagnosis; Risk; Adverse effects 13 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Anaesthetic effects of chloral hydrate, pentobarbitone and urethane in adult male rats. Field, K.J.; White, W.J.; Lang, C.M. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1993 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 27 (3): p. 258-269; 1993 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Anesthetics Abstract: Chloral hydrate, pentobarbitone and urethane were evaluated and compared for onset, duration and depth of anaesthesia, cardiovascular and respiratory effects, nociception and mortality in adult male rats. Chloral hydrate (300 and 400 mg/kg) severely depressed the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Duration of anaesthesia was linearly related to dose, and anaesthetic depth and analgesia were excellent. Pentobarbital (40 mg/kg) produced a short period light surgical anaesthesia. Moderate to severe respiratory and cardiovascular depression occurred. Duration of anaesthesia was not related to dose. Urethane (1.2 and 1.5 g/kg) caused moderate cardiovascular depression. In addition, mortality was high at the 1.5 g/kg dose. Duration of anaesthesia was greater than 24 h for most animals. Anaesthesia depth and analgesia were excellent. 14 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Anaesthetic management of the traumatized small animal patient. Norman, W.M.; Dodman, N.H.; Court, M.H.; Seeler, D.C. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1989 Sep. British veterinary journal v. 145 (5): p. 410-425; 1989 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Trauma; Anesthesia; Physiopathology; Respiratory system; Cardiovascular system; Central nervous system 15 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292 Anaesthetic regimes for cataract removal in the dog. Young, S.S.; Barnett, K.C.; Taylor, P.M. London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1991 May. The Journal of small animal practice v. 32 (5): p. 236-240; 1991 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cataract; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Muscle relaxants; Halothane; Nitrous oxide; Thiopental; Preoperative care; Surgery 16 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Analgesia after lateral thoracotomy in dogs: epidural morphine vs. intercostal bupivacaine. Pascoe, P.J.; Dyson, D.H. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Mar. Veterinary surgery v. 22 (2): p. 141-147; 1993 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Pain; Analgesics 17 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Analgesia and behavioral responses of dogs given oxymorphone-acepromazine and meperidine-acepromazine after methoxyflurane and halothane anesthesia. Sawyer, D.C.; Rech, R.H.; Adams, T.; Durham, R.A.; Richter, M.A.; Striler, E.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Aug. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (8): p. 1361-1368; 1992 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Pethidine; Analgesics; Anesthesia; Halothane; Methoxyflurane; Pain; Drug effects; Blood pressure; Pulse rate Abstract: This study was designed to test analgesia, duration, and cardiovascular changes induced by meperidine (MEP) and oxymorphone (OXY) following methoxyflurane (MOF) and halothane (HAL) anesthesia. Eight healthy dogs were given atropine and acepromazine, and anesthesia was induced with thiamylal and maintained with 1.5 minimal alveolar concentration of MOF or HAL for 1 hour during controlled ventilation. Eight treatments were given with each anesthetic: 3 with MEP (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg, IV), 3 with oxymorphone (OXY; 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg, IV), and 2 placebos with sterile water. Test drugs were given at the end of anesthesia when early signs of recovery were evident. Minimal threshold stimulus/response nociception was assessed by use of an inflatable soft plastic colonic balloon. Blood pressures and pulse rate were measured with a noninvasive monitor. Meperidine and OXY were found to be effective analgesics and could be reversed with naloxone. Intravenous administration of 2.0 mg of MEP/kg provided analgesia for 36 +/- 6 minutes and 39 +/- 15 minutes after MOF and HAL, respectively. In contrast, OXY was effective at all 3 doses with effects of IV administration of 0.2 mg of OXY/kg lasting 154 +/- 13 minutes and 152 +/- 12 minutes, after MOF and HAL, respectively. Analgesia could not be demonstrated after anesthesia for acepromazine, MOF, or HAL. Blood pressure was not changed by either anesthetic nor was it influenced by MEP or OXY. Pulse rate was significantly depressed by the higher doses of OXY following HAL, but was not changed by MEP following either anesthetic. This study demonstrated the longer duration of analgesia of OXY. In addition, we could not find that analgesia was provided by either MOF or HAL following recovery from anesthesia. 18 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Analgesia in dogs after intercostal thoracotomy: a comparison of morphine, selective intercostal nerve block, and interpleural regional analgesia with bupivacaine. Thompson, S.E.; Johnson, J.M. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1991 Jan. Veterinary surgery v. 20 (1): p. 73-77; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Postoperative care; Morphine; Pain; Blood; Ph; Gases 19 NAL Call. No.: SF991.A3 Analgesia in dogs and cats. Waterman, A.E. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1988. Advances in small animal practice v. 1: p. 159-181; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Analgesics; Pain; Treatment; Surgery; Pharmacology 20 NAL Call. No.: RS160.J6 Analgesic activity of certain flavone derivatives: a structure-activity study. Thirugnanasambantham, P.; Viswanathan, S.; Mythirayee, C.; Krishnamurty, V.; Ramachandran, S.; Kameswaran, L. Limerick : Elsevier Scientific Publishers; 1990 Feb. Journal of ethno-pharmacology v. 28 (2): p. 207-214; 1990 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Flavonoids; Derivatives; Structure activity relationships; Analgesics; Mice 21 NAL Call. No.: RS160.I47 Analgesic and antiinflammatory effects of chasmanthera dependens. Onabanjo, A.O.; John, T.A.; Sokale, A.A.; Samuel, O.T. Lisse, Netherlands : Swets & Zeitlinger; 1991 Feb. International journal of pharmacognosy v. 29 (1): p. 24-28; 1991 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Menispermaceae; Medicinal plants; Pharmaceutical products; Plant extracts; Alkaloids; Tannins; Cardiac glycosides; Medicinal properties; Analgesics; Antiinflammatory agents; Drug toxicity; Mice 22 NAL Call. No.: RS160.I47 Analgesic and antipyretic effects of Mucuna pruriens. Iauk, L.; Galati, E.M.; Kirjavainen, S.; Forestieri, A.M.; Trovato, A. Lisse, Netherlands : Swets & Zeitlinger; 1993 Aug. International journal of pharmacognosy v. 31 (3): p. 213-216; 1993 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mucuna pruriens; Medicinal properties; Plant extracts; Leaves; Fruits; Trichomes; Analgesics; Antipyretics; Pain; Fever; Inflammation; Rats; Mice 23 NAL Call. No.: 450 P697 Analgesic and behavioural effects of Morinda citrifolia. Younos, C.; Rolland, A.; Fleurentin, J.; Lanhers, M.C.; Misslin, R.; Mortier, F. Stuttgart, W. Ger. : Georg Thieme Verlag; 1990 Oct. Planta medica v. 56 (5): p. 430-434; 1990 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Morinda citrifolia; Roots; Plant extracts; Analgesics; Pharmaceutical products; Medicinal properties; Mice; Naloxone 24 NAL Call. No.: 450 P697 Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties of Euphorbia hirta. Lanhers, M.C.; Fleurentin, J.; Dorfman, P.; Mortier, F.; Pelt, J.M. Stuttgart, W. Ger. : Georg Thieme Verlag; 1991 Jun. Planta medica v. 57 (3): p. 225-231; 1991 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Euphorbia hirta; Plant extracts; Pharmaceutical products; Mice; Rats; Analgesics; Antipyretics; Antiinflammatory agents 25 NAL Call. No.: RS160.J6 Analgesic effect of Momordica charantia seed extract in mice and rats. Biswas, A.R.; Ramaswamy, S.; Bapna, J.S. Limerick : Elsevier Scientific Publishers; 1991 Jan. Journal of ethno-pharmacology v. 31 (1): p. 115-118; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Momordica charantia; Medicinal plants; Plant extracts; Analgesics; Mice; Rats 26 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292 Analgesic effects of acupuncture in thoracolumbar disc disease in dogs. Still, J. London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1989 May. The Journal of small animal practice v. 30 (5): p. 298-301. ill; 1989 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Acupuncture; Spinal diseases; Pain 27 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 An analgesiometry system for use in rabbits with some preliminary data on the effects of buprenorphine and lofentanil. Wootton, R.; Cross, G.; Wood, S.; West, C.D. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1988 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 22 (3): p. 217-222. ill; 1988 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthesia; Analgesics; Dosage effect; Measurement Abstract: A low cost infrared skin heating system has been designed to measure the efficacy of analgesics in rabbits. Following construction of a prototype, it was used to access the effect of buprenorphine given subcutaneously and per rectum. Buprenorphine administered subcutaneously has a rapid onset of action, but its duration (8-10 h) appears slightly shorter than has been suggested previously; rectal administration appears to prolong its effect. Preliminary data show that lofentanil has a longer duration of action than buprenorphine and it may prove, therefore, to be a valuable long-acting analgesic in the rabbit. 28 NAL Call. No.: QH301.M6 Analysis of the causes effecting facilatory and inhibitory influences of the sympathetic nervous system on parasympathetic chronotropic effects in anesthetized cats. Yashina, L.P.; Samonina, G.E. New York, N.Y. : Allerton Press; 1988. Moscow University biological sciences bulletin v. 43 (2): p. 13-19; 1988. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, Biologiia, v. 43 (2), 1988, p. 15-21. (QH301.M58). Includes references. Language: English; Russian Descriptors: Cat; Anesthetics; Heart rate; Inhibition; Stimulation; Sympathetic nervous system; Physiology 29 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992 Anesthesia and control of pain responses during surgery of the eye. Hartsfield, S.M. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 338-347, 361; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cataract; Surgical operations; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Pain; Eyes; Analgesics; Opioids; Drugs; Dosage; Muscle relaxants; Postoperative care; Postoperative complications; Inhaled anesthetics 30 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V523 Anesthesia and pain control. Bednarski, R.M. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1989 Nov. The Veterinary clinics of North America : Small animal practice v. 19 (6): p. 1223-1238; 1989 Nov. In the series analytic: Critical care / edited by R.B. Kirby and G.L. Stamp. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Pain; Emergencies 31 NAL Call. No.: SF407.F39B56 Anesthesia and surgery. Fox, J.G. Philadelphia : Lea & Febiger; 1988. Biology and diseases of the ferret / [edited by] James G. Fox. p. 289-302. ill; 1988. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ferrets; Anesthesia; Injections; Anesthetics; Surgery; Immunization 32 NAL Call. No.: SF992.C37C36 Anesthesia and the heart. Mason, D.E.; Hubbell, J.A.E. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1988. Canine and feline cardiology / edited by Philip R. Fox. p. 591-603; 1988. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Cardiovascular diseases; Anesthetics; Risks; Monitoring 33 NAL Call. No.: SF601.P76 Anesthesia for head and neck surgery. Hartsfield, S.M.; Jacobson, J.D. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Co; 1991 Jun. Problems in veterinary medicine v. 3 (2): p. 123-141; 1991 Jun. In the series analytic: Head and Neck Surgery / edited by C.S. Hedlund. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Anesthesia; Surgical operations; Head; Neck; Preoperative care; Fasting; Preanesthetic medication; Anesthetics; Analgesics; Respiration; Air flow; Tubes; Postoperative care; Monitoring 34 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Anesthesia of pups and kittens. Grandy, J.L.; Dunlop, C.I. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1991 Apr01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 198 (7): p. 1244-1249; 1991 Apr01. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pups; Kittens; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Age differences; Pharmacokinetics; Respiratory system; Cardiovascular system; Liver; Kidneys; Thermoregulation 35 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Anesthetic and medical management of acute hemorrhage during surgery. Wagner, A.E.; Dunlop, C.I. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1993 Jul01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 203 (1): p. 40-45; 1993 Jul01. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Horses; Hemorrhage; Surgery; Anesthesia; Medical treatment; Blood volume; Losses; Hematocrit; Blood proteins 36 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Anesthetic and nephrotoxic effects of Telazol in New Zealand white rabbits. Brammer, D.W.; Doerning, B.J.; Chrisp, C.E.; Rush, H.G. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (5): p. 432-435; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rabbits; Injectable anesthetics; Intramuscular injection; Renal failure; Toxicity; Anesthesia; Complications Abstract: Telazol was evaluated as an anesthetic for rabbits. Two groups of five rabbits each were injected intramuscularly with 32 or 64 mg/kg of Telazol, and the depth and duration of anesthesia period monitored. At both doses, the righting reflex was lost within 2 minutes postinjection. Animals in both groups responded to noxious stimuli for the duration of the anesthesia. Hematology and urinalyses were performed daily for 7 days postinjection. Hematologic parameters remained unchanged in both groups. In the high-dose group, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels increased 1 day postinjection and continued steadily throughout the week. Elevations in urine protein and the presence of casts correlated with this increase. In the low-dose group, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels increased and protein was present in the urine of four of five rabbits beginning approximately 5 days postinjection. Histologically, severe renal tubular necrosis was evident 7 days postinjection in all high-dose rabbits and in three rabbits in the low-dose group. Our results indicate that Telazol does not produce analgesia in rabbits and is nephrotoxic at both 32 and 64 mg/kg. We conclude that Telazol is contraindicated for use in rabbits. 37 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A5 Anesthetic and surgical management of intrathoracic segmental tracheal stenosis utilizing high-frequency jet ventilation. Whitfield, J.B.; Graves, G.M.; Lappin, M.R.; Toombs, J.P.; Crowe, D.T.; Bjorling, D.E. Golden, Colo. : The Association; 1989 Jul. The Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association v. 25 (4): p. 443-446. ill; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Trachea; Thorax; Abnormalities; Resection 38 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66 Anesthetic breathing circuits for cats and small dogs. Romatowski, J. Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company; 1990 Feb. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 12 (2): p. 183-187, 190-193. ill; 1990 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Apparatus; Tubes; Circuits; Breathing; Resistance to air flow; Air flow; Heat loss 39 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V523 Anesthetic considerations for the geriatric patient. Paddleford, R.R. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1989 Jan. The Veterinary clinics of North America : Small animal practice v. 19 (1): p. 13-31; 1989 Jan. In the series analytic: Geriatrics and gerontology / edited by R.T. Goldston. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Geriatrics; Anesthetics; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacodynamics; Anesthesia 40 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Anesthetic management of small animal patients with endocrine disease. Court, M.H.; Dodman, N.H.; Norman, W.M.; Seeler, D.C. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1988 Jul. British veterinary journal v. 144 (4): p. 323-342; 1988 Jul. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Adrenal gland diseases; Adrenal medulla; Thyroid diseases; Treatment 41 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Anesthetic requirement of isoflurane is reduced in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. Cole, D.J.; Marcantonio, S.; Drummond, J.C. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Sep. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (5): p. 506-509; 1990 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Hypertension Abstract: The isoflurane requirement to keep 50% of rats (Rattus norvegicus) unresponsive to noxious stimuli (MAC) was determined in age matched Sprague-Dawley (SD, n = 8), Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR, n = 8) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY, n = 8) strains. Following induction and orotracheal intubation, each rat received isoflurane (1.65% end-tidal) for 120 minutes. Physiologic parameters were similar except for expected differences in mean arterial pressure (148 +/- 13mmHg-SHR group, 101 +/- 10mmHg-SD group and 94 +/- 12mmHg-WKY group [mean +/- standard deviation]). Anesthetic equilibration was verified by infrared analysis of end-tidal gases. MAC was then determined in each rat by the tail clamp method and a group MAC calculated. 42 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Anesthetic techniques for neutering 6- to 14-week-old kittens. Faggella, A.M.; Aronsohn, M.G. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1993 Jan01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 202 (1): p. 56-62; 1993 Jan01. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kittens; Castration; Ovariectomy; Anesthesia; Guidelines; Safety; Adverse effects; Anesthetics 43 NAL Call. No.: SF914.A53 1990 Anesthetics and analgesics in rabbits. Hobbs, B.A. Columbia, Md. : American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, 1990? :.; 1990. Anesthesia and analgesia in laboratory animals : proceedings -- 1990 Forum, American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Columbia Inn, Columbia, Maryland, May 3-6, 1990. p. 64, 63, 62, 61; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthetics; Analgesics 44 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A Antagonism by flumazenil of midazolam-induced changes in quantitative electroencephalographic data from isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. Keegan, R.D.; Greene, S.A.; Moore, M.P.; Gallagher, L.V. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 May. American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (5): p. 761-765; 1993 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Benzodiazepines; Narcotic antagonists; Anesthetics; Electroencephalography Abstract: Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) was assessed in 5 dogs anesthetized with 1.6% end-tidal concentration of isoflurane and after subsequent administration of the benzodiazepine midazolam (0.2 mg/kg of body weight, IV). Ventilation was controlled to maintain normocapnia. Effect of the benzodiazepine antagonist, flumazenil (0.04 mg/kg, IV), on QEEG in midazolam-isoflurane-anesthetized dogs was determined. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, esophageal temperature, arterial pH and blood gas tensions, end-tidal CO2 concentration, and end-tidal isoflurane concentration were monitored throughout the study. A 21-lead linked-ear montage was used for recording the EEG data. Quantitative EEG data were stored on an optical disk for later analysis. Values for absolute power of EEG were determined for delta, theta, alpha, and beta-frequencies. Cardiovascular variables remained stable throughout the study. Midazolam administration was associated with decreased absolute power in all frequencies of EEG at all electrode sites. Administration of flumazenil antagonized midazolam-induced decreased absolute power of EEG in all frequencies at all electrode sites. We conclude that QEEG provides a noninvasive, objective measure of midazolam- and flumazenil-induced changes in cortical activity during isoflurane anesthesia. 45 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Antagonism of ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in rats by administration of yohimbine, tolazoline, or 4-aminopyridine. Komulainen, A.; Olson, M.E. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Apr. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (4): p. 585-588; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Anesthesia; Ketamine; Xylazine; Yohimbine; 4-aminopyridine; Drug antagonism; Dosage; Adverse effects Abstract: Antagonism of ketamine-xylazine (85 mg of ketamine/kg of body weight and 15 mg of xylazine/kg, IM) anesthesia in rats by yohimbine (YOH; 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, IP), tolazoline (TOL; 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg, IP), 4-aminopyridine 4-AP; 1 or 5 mg/kg, IP), or a combination of yohimbine and 4-aminopyridine (YOH:4-AP, 1 mg/kg:1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg:1 mg/kg, IP) was studied. All dosages of YOH, TOL, 4-Ap, and YOH:4-AP reduced the time to appearance of corneal and pedal reflexes. Only TOL was effective in reducing time to appearance of the crawl reflex and recovery time. Yohimbine, 4-AP, YOH:4-AP, and TOL were effective in reversing respiratory depression caused by ketamine-xylazine anesthesia, but anesthetic-induced hypothermia was not antagonized. When given to non-anesthetized rats, the antagonists had little influence on respiratory rate, but all antagonists caused significant (P < 0.05) reduction in core body temperature for at least 90 minutes. When YOH was used as an anesthetic antagonist at dosage of 20 mg/kg, 20% mortality was observed and was attributable to acute respiratory arrest. The use of 4-AP and YOH:4-AP at the dosages studied induced moderate to severe muscular tremors. In conclusion, TOL at dosage of 20 mg/kg given IP, appears to be an appropriate antagonist for ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in rats. 46 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Antagonistic activities of atipamezole, 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine against medetomidine/ketamine-induced anaesthesia in cats. Verstegen, J.; Fargetton, X.; Zanker, S.; Donnay, I.; Ectors, F. London : The Association; 1991 Jan. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 128 (3): p. 57-60; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Anesthesia; Drug antagonism; Narcotic antagonists; Yohimbine; 4-aminopyridine; Anesthetics; Ketamine 47 NAL Call. No.: 450 P697 Anti-infammatory and analgesic effects of an aqueous extract of Harpagophytum procumbens. Lanhers, M.C.; Fleurentin, J.; Mortier, F.; Vinche, A.; Younos, C. Stuttgart, W. Ger. : Georg Thieme Verlag; 1992 Apr. Planta medica v. 58 (2): p. 117-123; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Harpagophytum procumbens; Plant extracts; Pharmaceutical products; Antiinflammatory agents; Analgesics; Rats; Mice 48 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484 Antinociceptive effects of pyridoxine, thiamine, and cyanocobalamin in rats. Bartoszyk, G.D.; Wild, A. New York, N.Y. : The Academy; 1990. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 585: p. 473-476; 1990. In the series analytic: Vitamin B6 / edited by K. Dakshinamurti. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cyanocobalamin; Pyridoxine; Thiamin; Dosage effects; Pain; Rats 49 NAL Call. No.: RS160.J6 Anxiolytic activity of Panax ginseng roots: an experimental study. Bhattacharya, S.K.; Mitra, S.K. Limerick : Elsevier Scientific Publishers; 1991 Aug. Journal of ethno-pharmacology v. 34 (1): p. 87-92; 1991 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Panax pseudoginseng; Roots; Diazepam; Anxiety; Behavior; Rats Abstract: The putative anxiolytic activity of the white and red varieties of ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng, was investigated in rats and mice using a number of experimental paradigms of anxiety and compared with that of diazepam. Pilot studies indicated that single-dose administration of ginseng had little to no acute behavioral effects, hence the two varieties of ginseng were administered orally at two dose levels twice daily for 5 days, while diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered acutely. White and red varieties of ginseng (20 and 50 mg/kg) showed positive results when tested against several paradigms of experimental anxiety. Both were effective in the open-field and elevated plus-maze tests and reduced conflict behaviour in thirsty rats and footshock-induced fighting in paired mice. Ginseng also attenuated pentylenetetrazole-induced decrease in rat brain MAO activity, confirming its anxiolytic activity since this has been proposed to be an endogenous marker for anxiety. The effects induced by white and red ginseng (50 mg/kg X 5 days) were comparable to those induced by diazepam (1 mg/kg). 50 NAL Call. No.: SF911.B56 Apnea associated with anesthesia. Dyson, D.H. Toronto : B.C. Decker, Inc; 1988. Decision making in small animal soft tissue surgery / Allen G. Binnington, Joanne R. Cockshutt. p. 184-185; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Asphyxia; Respiration; Ventilation 51 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992 Assessment of analgesia by catecholamine analysis: resopnse to onychectomy in cats. Benson, G.J.; Lin, H.C.; Thurmon, J.C.; Olson, W.A.; Tranquilli, W.J. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 436-439, 476-477; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Analgesics; Catecholamines; Postoperative care; Surgical operations; Drug effects 52 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Assessment of discomfort in rats with hepatomegaly. Beynen, A.C.; Baumans, V.; Bertens, A.P.M.G.; Haas, J.W.M.; Hellemond, K.K. van; Herck, H. van; Peters, M.A.W.; Stafleu, F.R.; Tintelen, G. van London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1988 Oct. Laboratory animals v. 22 (4): p. 320-325; 1988 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Hepatomegaly; Pain; Assessment; Cholesterol Abstract: An attempt was made to assess discomfort in rats with hepatomegaly induced by feeding a high cholesterol, high cholate diet. After 8 weeks, the rats displayed a more than two-fold increase in liver weight when compared with controls fed a commercial diet. In a small open field test, behaviour of rats with hepatomegaly was similar to the controls. Of 9 parameters scored per rat, only the response to pressure on the right hypochondrium (tension of overlying muscles) scored higher than in control animals. There was considerable discomfort between-assessor variation in the assignment of scores. It is suggested, tentatively, that hepatomegaly in rats caused by cholesterol plus cholate feeding, may not cause extreme discomfort. Upon 'blind' palpation of control and test rats, an average of 60% of the rats with hepatomegaly were classified correctly. 53 NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 Assessment of discomfort induced by orbital puncture in rats. Beynen, A.C.; Baumans, V.; Haas, J.W.M.; Hellemond, K.K. van; Stafleu, F.R.; Tintelen, G. van Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 431-436. ill; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Eyes (animal); Blood sampling; Sampling techniques; Pain; Assessment 54 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Atraumatic endotracheal intubation in small rabbits. Conlon, K.C.; Corbally, M.T.; Bading, J.R.; Brennan, M.F. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Mar. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (2): p. 221-222. ill; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rabbits; Trachea; Tubes; Inhaled anesthetics; Anesthesia; Laboratory methods 55 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Atrial fibrillation in halothane- and isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. Freeman, L.C.; Ack, J.A.; Fligner, M.A.; Muir, W.W. III Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Jan. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (1): p. 174-177; 1990 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Halothane; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Heart diseases Abstract: Programmed electrical stimulation techniques were used to evaluate the effects of halothane and isoflurane on induction of atrial fibrillation in anesthetized dogs. Experiments were performed in 16 dogs anesthetized with alpha-chloralose. Critically timed premature stimuli were applied to the right atrial appendage and Bachmann bundle to determine the atrial fibrillation threshold, defined as the minimal current required to induce rapid, irregular atrial electrical activity of at least 8 seconds' duration. Atrial fibrillation thresholds were determined at baseline (0.0% inhalational anesthetic), 0.5 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC), and 1.0 MAC of halothane (n = 8) and isoflurane (n = 8). In the absence of inhalation anesthetic, it was significantly (P < 0.01) easier to induce atrial fibrillation at the Bachmann bundle vs the right atrial appendage. Atrial fibrillation threshold at the Bachmann bundle was not affected by increasing concentrations of halothane, but was increased by 1.0 MAC of isoflurane (P < 0.05). It was concluded that at 1.0 MAC isoflurane, but not halothane, has antifibrillatory effects in atrial tissue. 56 NAL Call. No.: RB127.P34 Attempts to gauge the relative importance of pre- and postsynaptic effects of morphine on the transmission of noxious messages in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord. Lombard, M.C.; Besson, J.M. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1989 Jun. Pain : the journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain v. 37 (3): p. 335-345. ill; 1989 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Spinal cord; Morphine; Neurophysiology; Neurons; Pain 57 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Autonomic and cardiovascular effects of neuromuscular blockade antagonism in the dog. Clutton, R.E.; Boyd, C.; Flora, R.; Payne, J.; McGrath, C.J. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1992 Jan. Veterinary surgery v. 21 (1): p. 68-75; 1992 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Nervous system; Drug combinations; Cardiovascular system; Drug effects 58 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Azaperone and azaperone-ketamine as a neuroleptic sedative and anesthetic in rats and mice. Olson, M.E.; Renchko, P. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (3): p. 299-304; 1988 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Rats; Anesthesia; Ketamine; Azaperone; Drug combinations Abstract: Azaperone alone and combined with ketamine were evaluated as sedative and anesthetic agents in outbred rats and mice. Using azaperone alone the duration of immobility was 1.9 to 10.8 hours for mice and 0.9 to 2.4 hours for rats. The withdrawal reflex was not eliminated from mice receiving azaperone alone; however, the withdrawal reflex was eliminated from 0.9 to 2.4 hours in rats receiving azaperone. Azaperone produced a tachypnea in rats and male mice while a depressed respiratory rate was observed in female mice. Using azaperone combined with ketamine, the duration of immobilization was 1.1 to 8.8 hours for mice and 1.3 to 6.0 hours for rats. The duration loss of the withdrawal reflex, which was used as an indication of surgical anesthesia, was 0.9 to 1.8 hours for mice and 1.0 to 6.0 hours for rats. An increase in respiratory rate was observed in rats given the combination while mice given the combination showed transient tachypnea followed by bradypnea. Overall, azaperone alone was shown to provide sedation in mice as compared to a dose dependent anesthesia in rats. The azaperone-ketamine combination produced a surgical plane of anesthesia in both rats and mice. Azaperone and the azaperone-ketamine combination appear to be a suitable alternative to sedatives and anesthetics currently used in rats and mice. 59 NAL Call. No.: 450 P697 Behavioural effects of the American traditional plant Eschscholzia californica: sedative and anxiolytic properties. Rolland, A.; Fleurentin, J.; Lanhers, M.C.; Younos, C.; Misslin, R.; Mortier, F.; Pelt, J.M. Stuttgart, W. Ger. : Georg Thieme Verlag; 1991 Jun. Planta medica v. 57 (3): p. 212-216; 1991 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Eschscholzia californica; Plant extracts; Pharmaceutical products; Mice; Locomotion; Sleep 60 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Carbon dioxide as a short-term restraint anaesthetic in rats with subclinical respiratory disease. Fenwick, D.C.; Blackshaw, J.K. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 23 (3): p. 220-228; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Inhaled anesthetics; Oxygen; Anesthesia; Carbon dioxide; Respiratory diseases; Safety; Restraint of animals Abstract: The use of carbon dioxide (CO2) with, and without, oxygen (O2) as a short-term restraint anaesthetic for Wistar rats in which subclinical respiratory disease was endemic, was assessed in 3 separate experiments. In the first, rats were placed in a CO2 atmosphere generated from solid CO2 chips in a 701 plastic bin, and removed at time intervals ranging from 0 to 120 s after disappearance of the pedal reflex. Eight of 25 rats died, including 2 which were removed immediately the pedal reflex disappeared; it was concluded that CO2 without O2 was not a suitable short-term anaesthetic for rats. In a second study, rats were anaesthetized in atmospheres of 50:50 and 80:20 (CO2:O2) provided from commercially available cylinders, in 2 different environments--a 3.41 glass jar and a 171 plastic bin. Rats became excited in the plastic bin but not the glass jar. Rats in the glass jar displayed visible depression and cessation of whiskers movement significantly more quickly in the 80:20 (CO2:O2) than in the 50:50 mixture (4.2 +/- 0.98 s, n = 6, and 66.0 +/- 4.9 s, n = 6 vs 13.8 +/- 2.77 s, n = 5 and 152.0 +/- 20.8 s, n = 5, respectively). Rats in the 171 plastic bin lost their pedal reflexes in a mean 41.5 +/- 4.55 s (n = 11) in the 50:50 mixture and in a mean 30.9 +/- 6.38 s (n = 11) in the 80:20 (CO2:O2) group. Those left in the 50:50 mixture for 60 s and 180 s after disappearance of their pedal reflexes, recovered these reflexes in 20.2 +/- 0.44 s and 21.5 +/- 7.23 s respectively after removal from the gas. Respiration and heart beat ceased in one rat remaining in the 50:50 mixture after 13 min 10 s. No untoward effects occurred in rats left in the 50:50 mixture for 180 s after disappearance of the pedal reflex, but 2 died when left for an equivalent period in the 80:20 mixture. In the third study, examples of the practical use of a 50:50 mixture as a short term restraint anaesthetic are described. It was concluded that this mixture was a cheap, safe, and effective means of sh 61 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Cardiac dysrhythmias during anesthesia for cervical decompression in the dog. Stauffer, J.L.; Gleed, R.D.; Short, C.E.; Erb, H.N.; Schukken, Y.H. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Jul. American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (7): p. 1143-1146; 1988 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Heart diseases; Anesthesia; Spinal cord; Surgery Abstract: In a retrospective study, the risk for cardiac dysrhythmias was evaluated in dogs undergoing ventral decompression and/or fenestration of the cervical spine (CERV) and compared with that for dogs undergoing dorsal laminectomy for decompression of the thoracic or lumbar spine (TL). The dogs in the CERV subset (48 dogs) tended to be heavier and older than the dogs in the TL subset (111 dogs). There was no apparent bias detected in treatment before anesthesia and surgery. The risk for dysrhythmias was 2.5 times greater in the CERV subset, compared with that in the TL subset (P less than 0.01). The risk for ventricular premature contraction was 3.5 times higher in the CERV group ( P less than 0.05). Bradycardia was found in any dogsfrom the CERV subset and was not found in any dogs from the TL subset. A logistic model was derived from the data and may be used to evaluate the risk for dysrhythmias in similar patients undergoing similar surgery and anesthesia. This model uses age, preoperative heart rate, and site of surgery (CERV or TL) to estimate the risk. 62 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Cardiopulmonary and anesthetic effects of ketamine and its enantiomers in dogs. Muir, W.W. III; Hubbell, J.A.E. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Apr. American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (4): p. 530-534; 1988 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Ketamine; Anesthesia; Blood pressure; Heart output; Blood chemistry; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system 63 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Cardiopulmonary and behavioral effects of combinations of acepromazine/butorphanol and acepromazine/oxymorphone in dogs. Cornick, J.L.; Hartsfield, S.M. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Jun15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 200 (12): p. 1952-1956; 1992 Jun15. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Opioids; Neuroleptics; Intravenous injection; Intramuscular injection; Drug combinations; Anesthesia; Heart rate; Respiration rate; Blood pressure; Body temperature; Blood; Ph; Bicarbonates; Oxygen; Carbon dioxide 64 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Cardiopulmonary, anesthetic, and postanesthetic effects of intravenous infusions of propofol in Greyhounds and non-Greyhounds. Robertson, S.A.; Johnston, S.; Beemsterboer, J. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Jun. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (6): p. 1027-1032; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Injectable anesthetics; Breeds; Crossbreds; Intravenous injection; Cardiovascular system; Recovery; Anesthesia; Adverse effects Abstract: The cardiopulmonary, anesthetic, and postanesthetic effects of an iv infusion of the hypnotic agent propofol were assessed in 6 Greyhounds and 7 non-Greyhounds. After IM injection of acetylpromazine and atropine, a bolus injection of propofol sufficient to allow endotracheal intubation (mean +/- SEM = 4.0 +/- 0.3 mg/kg of body weight in Greyhounds; 3.2 +/- 0.1 mg/kg in non-Greyhounds) was administered, followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 0.4 mg/kg/min for 60 minutes, during which time dogs breathed 100% oxygen. In 23% of all dogs (3 of 13), apnea developed after initial bolus administration of propofol. Arterial blood pressure was well maintained in all dogs, but heart and respiratory rates were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during the infusion in Greyhounds. In Greyhounds, mild respiratory acidosis developed after 45 minutes, whereas arterial carbon dioxide tension was increased at all times after propofol administration in non-Greyhounds. In all dogs, PCV and total plasma proteins were unaffected by propofol. Rectal temperature decreased during treatment. Muscle tremors were observed in approximately 50% of dogs (in 3 of 6 Greyhounds and 3 of 7 non-Greyhounds) during and after infusion of propofol. Non-Greyhounds lifted their heads, assumed sternal recumbency, and stood 10 +/- 1, 15 +/- 3, and 28 +/- 5 minutes, respectively, after the end of the infusion; in Greyhounds, the corresponding times were 36 +/- 4, 43 +/- 6, and 63 +/- 7 minutes. 65 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24 Cardiopulmonary effects of a halothane/oxygen combination in healthy cats. Ingwersen, W.; Allen, D.G.; Dyson, D.H.; Pascoe, P.J.; O'Grady, M.R. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Jul. Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire v. 52 (3): p. 386-391; 1988 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cat; Anesthesia; Halothane; Oxygen; Pharmacodynamics; Respiration rate; Cardiovascular system 66 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24 Cardiopulmonary effects of a halothane/oxygen combination in hypovolemic cats. Ingwersen, W.; Allan, D.G.; Dyson, D.H.; Black, W.D.; Goldberg, M.T.; Valliant, A.E. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Oct. Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire v. 52 (4): p. 428-433; 1988 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cat; Anesthesia; Halothane; Oxygen; Hypovolemia; Heart output; Respiration rate 67 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24 Cardiopulmonary effects of a ketamine hydrochloride/acepromazine combination in healthy cats. Ingwersen, W.; Allen, D.G.; Dyson, D.H.; Pascoe, P.J.; O'Grady, M.R. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Jan. Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire v. 52 (1): p. 1-4; 1988 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cat; Ketamine; Anesthetics; Drug combinations; Drug effects; Stroke; Respiration rate; Heart output; Heart rate 68 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Cardiopulmonary effects of halothane anesthesia in cats. Grandy, J.L.; Hodgson, D.S.; Dunlop, C.I.; Curtis, C.R.; Heath, R.B. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Oct. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (10): p. 1729-1732. ill; 1989 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cat; Anesthesia; Halothane; Ventilation; Respiration rate; Cardiovascular system Abstract: The cardiopulmonary effects of 2 planes of halothane anesthesia (halothane end-tidal concentrations of 1.78% [light anesthesia] and 2.75% [deep anesthesia]) and 2 ventilatory modes (spontaneous ventilation [SV] or mechanically controlled ventilation [CV]) were studied in 8 cats. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with halothane in O2 only, and each cat was administered each treatment according to a Latin square design. Cardiac output, arterial blood pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory frequency, and PaO2, PaCO2, and pH were measured during each treatment. Stroke volume, cardiac index, and total peripheral resistance were calculated. A probability value of less than 5% was accepted as significant. In the cats, cardiac output, cardiac index, and stroke volume were reduced by deep anesthesia and CV, although only the reduction attributable to CV was significant. Systemic arterial pressure was significantly reduced by use of deep anesthesia and CV. Respiratory frequency was significantly lower during CV than during SV. Arterial P(O2) was significantly decreased at the deeper plane of anesthesia, compared with the lighter plane. At the deeper plane of anesthesia, arterial P(CO2) and pulmonary arterial pressure were significantly lower during CV than during SV. The deeper plane of halothane anesthesia depressed cardiopulmonary function in these cats, resulting in hypotension and considerable hypercapnia. Compared with SV, CV significantly reduced circulatory variables and should be used with care in cats. Arterial blood pressure was judged to be more useful for assessing anesthetic depth than was heart rate or respiratory frequency. 69 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Cardiopulmonary responses to experimentally induced gastric dilatation in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. Hodgson, D.S.; Dunlop, C.I.; Chapman, P.L.; Grandy, J.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Jun. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (6): p. 938-943; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Inhaled anesthetics; Stomach diseases; Cardiovascular system; Heart rate; Blood pressure; Respiration Abstract: Gastric dilatation was experimentally induced in 6 anesthetized dogs maintained with constant-dose isoflurane in oxygen. An intragastric balloon was used to distend the stomach with a constant 30 mm of Hg for 3.5 hours. The PaCO2, was maintained between 35 and 45 mm of Hg, using intermittent positive-pressure ventilation. Cardiopulmonary measurements prior to stomach distension (baseline) were compared with measurements taken during 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 hours of stomach distension by analyzing the change from baseline in a randomized-block analysis with each dog as a block. After distending the stomach, cardiac index increased (P < 0.01) from 1.5 to 3.5 hours. Stroke volume did not change, thus the increase in the, cardiac index was attributable to an increase in heart rate. During inflation, increases were observed in systemic arterial, pulmonary arterial, and right atrial pressure. Respiratory frequency was unchanged; however, to maintain PaCO2, constant, it was necessary to progressively increase peak airway pressure. Although PaO2, tended to decrease during gastric dilation, the dogs were never hypoxemic. These results indicate that when our methods are used to maintain a constant anesthetic dose of isoflurane in oxygen, an observed increase in cardiovascular performance is expected. This differs from other studies in anesthetized dogs that have shown reduction in cardiovascular performance following gastric dilatation. 70 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Cardiorespiratory effects of combined midazolam and butorphanol in isoflurane-anesthetized cats. Gross, M.E.; Smith, J.A.; Tranquilli, W.J. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Mar. Veterinary surgery v. 22 (2): p. 159-162; 1993 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Neuroleptics; Drug combinations; Anesthesia 71 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Cardiorespiratory effects of the intravenous administration of tiletamine-zolazepam to cats. Hellyer, P.; Muir, W.W. III; Hubbell, J.A.E.; Sally, J. Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Co; 1988 Mar. Veterinary surgery v. 17 (2): p. 105-110. ill; 1988 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cat; Injections; Anesthetics; Respiration rate; Blood pressure; Drug combinations 72 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Cardiorespiratory effects of the intravenous administration of Tiletamine-zolazepam to dogs. Hellyer, P.; Muir, W.W. III; Hubbell, J.A.E.; Sally, J. Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1989 Mar. Veterinary surgery v. 18 (2): p. 160-165; 1989 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Respiration; Heart rate; Benzodiazepine; Cycloheximide; Anesthetics; Drug combinations 73 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of propofol adminsitration in hypovolemic dogs. Ilkiw, J.E.; Pascoe, P.J.; Haskins, S.C.; Patz, J.D. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Dec. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (12): p. 2323-2327; 1992 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthetics; Dosage effects Abstract: Cardiopulmonary effects of propofol were studied in hypovolemic dogs from completion of, until 1 hour after administration. Hypovolemia was induced by withdrawal of blood from dogs until mean arterial pressure of 60 mm of Hg was achieved. After stabilization at this pressure for 1 hour, 6 mg of propofol/kg of body weight was administered IV to 7 dogs, and cardiopulmonary effects were measured. After blood withdrawal and prior to propofol administration, oxygen utilization ratio increased, whereas mean arterial pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac index, oxygen delivery, mixed venous oxygen tension, and mixed venous oxygen content decreased from baseline. Three minutes after propofol administration, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, oxygen utilization ratio, venous admixture, and arterial and mixed venous carbon dioxide tensions increased, whereas mean arterial pressure, arterial oxygen tension, mixed venous oxygen content, arterial and mixed venous pH decreased from values measured prior to propofol administration. Fifteen minutes after propofol administration, mixed venous carbon dioxide tension was still increased; however by 30 minutes after propofol administration, all measurements had returned to values similar to those measured prior to propofol administration. 74 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Cardiovascular changes in unanesthetized and ketamine-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to 2.8-GHz radiofrequency radiation. Jauchem, J.R.; Frei, M.R. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Jan. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (1): p. 70-75; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Radiation; Ketamine; Anesthesia; Body temperature; Heart rate; Blood pressure; Strain differences Abstract: Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 2.8-GHz radiofrequency radiation, first while unanesthetized and then while anesthetized with ketamine (150 mg/kg, I.M.). Irradiation at a power density of 60 mW/cm2 (whole-body average specific absorption rate of approximately 14 W/kg) was conducted for sufficient duration to increase colonic temperature from 38.5 to 39.5 degrees C. The time required for the temperature increase was significantly longer in the anesthetized state. During irradition, heart rate increased significantly both with and without anesthesia, while mean arterial blood pressure increased only when the rats were unanesthetized. The heart rate increase in the anesthetized state contrasts with a lack of change in a previous study of Fischer rats. This difference between anesthetized Sprague-Dawley and Fischer rats should be considered when comparing cardiovascular data obtained from these two strains of rats. 75 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Cardiovascular effects of butorphanol administration in isoflurane-O2 anesthetized healthy dogs. Tyner, C.L.; Greene, S.A.; Hartsfield, S.M. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Sep. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (8): p. 1340-1342; 1989 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Cardiovascular system; Drug effects; Anesthetics Abstract: Cardiovascular consequences of butorphanol tartrate (0.2 mg/kg of body weight, IV) administration during isoflurane (1.7% end-tidal concentration) anesthesia were determined in mechanically ventilated healthy dogs. Butorphanol administration caused significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) reductions in mean, systolic, and diastolic arterial blood pressures; cardiac output; and rate-pressure product. 76 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Cardiovascular effects of butorphanol in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Greene, S.A.; Hartsfield, S.M.; Tyner, C.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Aug. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (8): p. 1276-1279; 1990 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Halothane; Anesthesia; Cardiovascular system; Detoxicants Abstract: Cardiovascular effects of butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg of body weight, IV) and responses associated with subsequent administration of naloxone (0.04 mg/kg, IV) were studied in halothane (1.2% end-tidal concentration)-anesthetized dogs. Transient, but statistically significant (P < 0.05), decreases in heart rate, mean and diastolic arterial blood pressures, and rate-pressure product were observed after butorphanol administration. Cardiac index, stroke volume, and systemic vascular resistance did not change significantly. Except for the decrease in heart rate, changes in the values of the cardiovascular variables measured after butorphanol administration did not appear to be clinically relevant. Sixty minutes after butorphanol administration, naloxone was given. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) increases in heart rate, arterial blood pressures, cardiac index, and rate-pressure product, along with dysrhythmias were observed. Stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance remained unchanged after administration of naloxone. Naloxone administration was associated with changes indicative of increased myocardial oxygen consumption. 77 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Cardiovascular function and serum catecholamine concentrations after anesthesia and surgery in the dog. Rawlings, C.A.; Tackett, R.L.; Bjorling, D.E.; Arnold, T.H. Jr Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1989 Jul. Veterinary surgery v. 18 (4): p. 255-260; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Surgical operations; Pain; Thermoregulation; Cardiovascular system; Catecholamines; Blood serum; Blood flow; Body temperature 78 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V6456 Children's pets (excluding the rabbit). Taylor, N.R. London : Wright; 1990. The Veterinary annual (30): p. 335-341; 1990. Language: English Descriptors: Hamsters; Golden hamsters; Cricetulus; Phodopus; Gerbils; Meriones libycus; Meriones unguiculatus; Guinea pigs; Mice; Mus musculus; Rats; Rattus norvegicus; Pet care; Anesthesia; Antibiotics; Dosage; Water intake; Antifungal agents; Antiparasitic agents 79 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63 Cisternal CSF and serum concentrations of morphine following epidural administration in the dog. Valverde, A.; Conlon, P.D.; Dyson, D.H.; Burger, J.P. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1992 Mar. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 15 (1): p. 91-95; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Morphine; Conduction anesthesia; Blood serum; Cerebrospinal fluid 80 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292 Clinical effectiveness of atipamezole as a medetomidine antagonist in cats. Vaha-Vahe, A.T. London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1990 Apr. The Journal of small animal practice v. 31 (4): p. 193-197; 1990 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cat; Analgesics; Detoxicants; Drug antagonism; Drug effects; Adverse effects; Dosage effect 81 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63 The clinical effectiveness of atipamezole as a medetomidine antagonist in the dog. Vaha-Vahe, A.T. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1990 Jun. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 13 (2): p. 198-205; 1990 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Narcotic antagonists; Dosage; Drug antagonism; Adverse effects 82 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Clinical evaluation of propofol as an intravenous anaesthetic agent in cats and dogs. Morgan, D.W.T.; Legge, K. London : The Association; 1989 Jan14. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 124 (2): p. 31-33; 1989 Jan14. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cat; Dogs; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Safety; Adverse effects; Pharmacology 83 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292 Clinical observations on medetomidine/ketamine anaesthesia and its antagonism by atipamezole in the cat. Young, L.E.; Jones, R.S. London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1990 May. The Journal of small animal practice v. 31 (5): p. 221-224; 1990 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Ketamine; Drug antagonism; Antagonists 84 NAL Call. No.: SF981.C64 Clinical observations on the simultaneous administration of xylazine and ketamine for anesthesia in the cat. Duke, T.; Hale, G.J.; Jones, R.S. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1988 Aug. Companion animal practice v. 2 (8): p. 3-6; 1988 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cat; Anesthesia; Xylazine; Ketamine; Dosage effect 85 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 The clinical pharmacology of agents used to manage cardiovascular instability during general anaesthesia in small animals. Norman, W.N.; Dodman, N.H.; Seeler, D.C.; Court, M.H. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1988 Jan. British veterinary journal v. 144 (1): p. 5-20. ill; 1988 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Adverse effects; Cardiovascular agents; Heart rate; Blood pressure; Regulation; Pharmacology 86 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J6 1988 Clinical stages of general anesthesia., 6th ed. Booth, N.H. Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University Press; 1988. Veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics / edited by Nicholas H. Booth, Leslie E. McDonald. p. 171-180. ill; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Analgesics 87 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Closed system delivery of halothane and isoflurane with a vaporizer in the anesthetic circle. Bednarski, R.M.; Muir, W.W. III Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1991 Sep. Veterinary surgery v. 20 (5): p. 353-356; 1991 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Halothane; Surgical equipment 88 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292 Coaxial anaesthetic circuits in small animals. Cullen, L.K. London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1989 May. The Journal of small animal practice v. 30 (5): p. 294-297; 1989 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Circuits; Values; Gases; Flow 89 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24 Comparative hemodynamic effects of halothane and halothane-acepromazne at equipotent doses in dogs. Boyd, C.J.; McDonell, W.N.; Valliant, A. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Apr. Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire v. 55 (2): p. 107-112; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Halothane; Cardiovascular agents; Hemodynamics; Anesthesia; Phenothiazines; Neuroleptics; Dosage effects 90 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24 Comparative pharmacokinetics of Yohimbine in steers, horses and dogs. Jernigan, A.D.; Wilson, R.C.; Booth, N.H.; Hatch, R.C.; Akbari, A. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Apr. Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire v. 52 (2): p. 172-176; 1988 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Horses; Steers; Anesthetics; Indoles; Pharmacokinetics 91 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 A comparative study of medetomidine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine anaesthesia in dogs. Moens, Y.; Fargetton, X. London : The Association; 1990 Dec08. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 127 (23): p. 567-571; 1990 Dec08. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Ketamine; Drug combinations; Xylazine; Agonists; Safety; Adverse effects; Dosage effects 92 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of alfentanil in rabbits, sheep, and dogs. Ilkiw, J.E.; Benthuysen, J.A.; McNeal, D. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Apr. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (4): p. 581-584; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Sheep; Rabbits; Analgesics; Pharmacokinetics; Species differences; Anesthesia Abstract: The central arterial pharmacokinetics of alfentanil, a short-acting opioid agonist, were studied in rabbits, sheep, and dogs after short-duration infusion of the drug. Alfentanil was infused until a set end point (high-amplitude, slow-wave activity on the EEG) was reached. This required a larger alfentanil dose and a higher alfentanil arterial concentration in sheep, compared with rabbits and dogs. The plasma concentration-time data for each animal were fitted, using nonlinear regression, and in all animals, were best described by use of a triexponential function. In this study, differences in the disposition kinetics of alfentanil among the 3 species were found for only distribution clearance and initial distribution half-life. In dogs, compared with rabbits and sheep, the first distribution half-life was longer, probably because of pronounced drug-induced bradycardia (mean +/- SD, 48 +/- 21 beats/min). Distribution clearance was faster in sheep, compared with dogs, also probably because of better blood flow in sheep. Elimination half-life was similar in all species (rabbits, 62.4 +/- 11.3 minutes; sheep, 65.1 +/- 27.1 minutes; dogs, 58.3 +/- 10.3 minutes). This rapid half-life resulted from a small steady-state volume of distribution (rabbits, 908.3 +/- 269.0 ml/kg; sheep, 720.0 +/- 306.7 ml/kg; dogs, 597.7 +/- 290.2 ml/kg) and rapid systemic clearance (rabbits, 19.4 +/- 5.3 ml/min/kg; sheep, 13.3 +/- 3.0 ml/min/kg; dogs, 18.7 +/- 7.5 ml/min/kg). On the basis of these pharmacokinetic variables, alfentanil should have short duration of action in rabbits, sheep, and dogs. This may be beneficial in veterinary practice where rapid recovery would be expected after bolus administration for short procedures or after infusion for longer procedures. 93 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Comparison of cerebrospinal fluid pressure in propofol- and thiopental-anesthetized eucapnic dogs. Wooten, T.L.; Lowrie, C.T. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Mar. Veterinary surgery v. 22 (2): p. 148-150; 1993 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cerebrospinal fluid; Anesthesia 94 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Comparison of direct and indirect blood pressure measurement in anesthetized dogs. Sawyer, D.C.; Brown, M.; Striler, E.L.; Durham, R.A.; Langham, M.A.; Rech, R.H. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (2): p. 134-138; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Blood pressure; Pulse rate; Measurement; Tarsus; Carpus; Monitors; Catheters; Aorta Abstract: This study was conducted to determine whether blood pressures and pulse rate could be determined accurately by indirect measurements from the front and hind legs of 15- to 40-kg dogs anesthetized with isoflurane. Indirect measurements from each animal were compared to direct measurements obtained from a catheter placed into the abdominal aorta via the femoral artery at four ranges of systolic pressure. When systolic pressure was above 80 mm Hg, indirect measurements were either the same as direct measurements or slightly lower. However, when systolic pressures were below 80 mm Hg, indirect systolic pressure measurements were 6 to 15% higher than direct measurements. Larger differences in diastolic pressures were found, which resulted in differences in mean pressure. The most accurate measurements were found when the cuff width-to-limb circumference ratio was between 0.4 and 0.6 and when systolic pressure was between 80 and 100 mm Hg. 95 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292 A comparison of endotracheal and intravenous routes for atropine administration in anaesthetised dogs. Bor, A.; Jones, R.S.; Richards, D.L.S. London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1991 Apr. The Journal of small animal practice v. 32 (4): p. 180-182; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Atropine; Intravenous injection; Trachea; Application methods; Heart rate; Dosage 96 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Comparison of histamine release induced by morphine and oxymorphone administration in dogs. Robinson, E.P.; Faggella, A.M.; Henry, D.P.; Russell, W.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Oct. American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (10): p. 1699-1701; 1988 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Histamine; Morphine; Analgesics; Intravenous feeding; Animal behavior Abstract: Cardiovascular effects (vasodilatation, hypotension) of morphine administration have been attributed to central actions and peripheral histamine release. In the study reported here, we compared plasma histamine (Hm) concentrations after morphine sulfate and oxymorphone HCl administration in conscious dogs. Five healthy adult dogs (mean body weight, 10.1 kg) were randomly administered morphine (2 mg/kg of body weight, IV or oxymorphone (0.2 mg/kg, IV) by a 5-second bolus injection at weekly intervals. Venous blood samples (5 ml) were collected from jugular veins before and at 1, 2, 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after drug administration. Behavioral changes were recorded. Plasma was analyzed by a radioenzymatic technique, using purified histamine N-methyltransferase as an enzyme catalyst (sensitivity of assay, 40 pg Hm/ml). Mean base-line Hm value for all dogs was 0.55 ng/ml. The mean Hm value was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the base-line value at 1, 2, 5, 15, and 60 minutes after morphine administration (531.4, 251.0, 113.0, 31.5 and 1.0 ng of Hm/ml, respectively), but there were no significant increases in histamine values from base-line values at any time after oxymorphone administration. All dogs given morphine and 1 dog given oxymorphone showed excitatory behavior; 2 dogs given morphine and 3 dogs given oxymorphone salivated profusely. 97 NAL Call. No.: SF914.A53 1990 Comparison of indirect and direct blood pressure measurement in the anesthetized dog. Sawyer, D.C.; Brown, M.; Striler, E.L.; Durham, R.A. Columbia, Md. : American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, 1990? :.; 1990. Anesthesia and analgesia in laboratory animals : proceedings -- 1990 Forum, American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Columbia Inn, Columbia, Maryland, May 3-6, 1990. p. 27-30; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Blood pressure 98 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Comparison of inhalation-to-perfusion ratio in anesthetized dogs with barrel-shaped thorax vs dogs with deep thorax. Clercx, C.; Brom, W.E. van den; Vries, H.W. de Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Jul. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (7): p. 1097-1103; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Thorax; Conformation; Anesthesia; Ratios; Lungs; Gravity; Lung ventilation Abstract: Interregional, as well as intraregional (local), distributions of the inhalation-to-perfusion ratio were analyzed in the lungs of 20 prone anesthetized healthy dogs--10 dogs with barrel-shaped thorax (Beagles) and 10 dogs with deep thorax (Greyhound-type dogs)--using 99mTc inhalation-perfusion lung scintigraphy. Dorsoventral and lateral views were analyzed. In both types of dogs, the ratio between the mean inhalation and perfusion values (interregional mismatching factor) decreased from craniad to caudad and the decrease was more sustained in the right than in the left lung. However, the total decrease was less in Greyhound-type dogs than in Beagles (cranial-to-caudal decrease of 14 and 27%, respectively, in the left lung, and 62 and 56%, respectively, in the right lung). The dorsal-to-ventral distribution of interregional mismatching factor was different in the 2 types of dogs. In Beagles, it increased from dorsal to ventral zones by about 50% of the initial dorsal zone value, whereas in Greyhound-type dogs, only a slight dorsal-to-ventral decrease was evident, with the exception of the more ventral zone. Differences in the intraregional mismatching factor (rho) indicated that the intraregional inhalation-to-perfusion inequalities were more pronounced within the caudal regions and within the ventral zones of the lungs in both types of dogs, and in the more cranial zones in the lungs of Beagles. However, the degree of intraregional mismatching was generally lower in Greyhound-type dogs. Thus, the gravitational force is not the dominating determinant of interregional or intraregional inhalation-to-perfusion ratio distributions in the lungs of anesthetized prone dogs. Its influence is modulated by other factors morphologic characteristics, such as the shape and size of the thorax, and body weight of the dog. In particular, the height of the thorax in Greyhound-type dogs could permit the gravitational force to exert a more determinant influence than it does in Beagle 99 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A comparison of ketamine/xylazine and ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine anesthesia in the rabbit. Lipman, N.S.; Marini, R.P.; Erdman, S.E. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Jul. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (4): p. 395-398; 1990 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthesia; Drug combinations; Ketamine; Xylazine; Preanesthetic medication; Neuroleptics Abstract: Parenteral anesthetic combinations such as ketamine and xylazine have become the agents of choice for anesthesia in the rabbit, because they are effective, easily administered and inexpensive. A number of recent reports have recommended including acepromazine in this combination, but a critical evaluation of this combination in the rabbit has not been reported. Five adult New Zealand white rabbits were anesthetized intramuscularly with ketamine (35 mg/kg) and xylazine (5 mg/kg) with or without acepromazine (0.75 mg/kg). The study was conducted in a double blind fashion, where each rabbit was administered both combinations at a minimum of 7 day intervals. Physiologic parameters were evaluated including heart rate, respiratory rate, central arterial blood pressure, pedal, palpebral and postural reflex activity. The duration of general anesthesia, estimated by the time elapsed between the loss and return of the palpebral reflex, was greater (mean = 99 +/- 20 minutes) when acepromazine was employed in the combination compared to (mean = 77 +/- 5 minutes) when ketamine/xylazine were used alone. Mean central arterial blood pressure reached a lower level when acepromazine was utilized (mean = 46 +/- 8 mm/Hg) than when it was not (mean = 57 +/- 12 mm/Hg.) The addition of acepromazine in a ketamine/xylazine combination resulted in a 28% longer period of anesthesia, a 19% lower mean central arterial blood pressure and a 32% longer recovery of postural reflexes. The ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine combination is a useful regimen for normovolemic animals when anesthetic duration greater than that produced by ketamine/xylazine alone is required. 100 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24 Comparison of medetomidine and fentanyl-droperidol in dogs: sedation, analgesia, arterial blood gases and lactate levels. Pettifer, G.R.; Dyson, D.H. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Apr. Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire v. 57 (2): p. 99-105; 1993 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Medetomidine; Fentanyl; Droperidol; Analgesics; Restraint of animals; Nontarget effects; Body temperature; Respiration rate; Heart rate; Blood chemistry; Respiratory gases; Lactic acid 101 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A comparison of medetomidine-propofol and medetomidine-midazolam-propofol anesthesia in rabbits. Ko, J.C.H.; Thurmon, J.C.; Tranquili, W.J.; Benson, G.J.; Olson, W.A. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (5): p. 503-507; 1992 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthesia; Drug combinations 102 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Comparison of several combinations for anesthesia in rabbits. Hobbs, B.A.; Rolhall, T.G.; Sprenkel, T.L.; Anthony, K.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 May. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (5): p. 669-674; 1991 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthesia; Drug combinations; Injectable anesthetics; Heart rate; Respiration rate; Body temperature; Reflexes; Safety Abstract: Few safe and effective anesthesia regimens have been described for use in rabbits, partially because of the susceptibility of this species to sometimes fatal respiratory depression. Although inhalant anesthetics are generally safer than injectable anesthetics, their use may be limited by lack of equipment or facilities. This study was conducted to compare effects of several injectable anesthetics in rabbits on response to noxious stimuli, heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature. Six injectable anesthetic combinations were administered to rabbits: xylazine-ethyl-(l-methyl-propyl) malonyl-thio-urea salt (EMTU), ketamine-EMTU, xylazine-pentobarbital, xylazine-acepromazine-ketamine (XAK), ketamine-chloral hydrate, and ketamine-xylazine. All combinations induced a depression of respiratory rate. Although rectal temperature values were reduced to some degree in each group, the most profound hypothermia was induced by XAK. The combination that induced the longest duration of anesthesia was XAK. It was concluded that XAK was preferable for longer periods of anesthesia (60 to 120 minutes), although it induces severe hypothermia. For short periods of anesthesia, xylazine-pentobarbital, xylazine-EMTU, or ketamine-xylazine were deemed adequate; however, xylazine-EMTU induced the best survivability and consistency. 103 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 A comparison of surgical training with live anesthetized dogs and cadavers. Carpenter, L.G.; Piermattei, D.L.; Salman, N.D.; Orton, E.C.; Nelson, A.W.; Smeak, D.D.; Jennings, P.B. Jr; Taylor, R.A. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1991 Nov. Veterinary surgery v. 20 (6): p. 373-378; 1991 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Surgical operations; Training; Cadavers 104 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Comparison of the clinical utility of medetomidine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine combinations for the ovariectomy of cats. Verstegen, J.; Fargetton, X.; Donnay, I.; Ectors, F. London : The Association; 1990 Oct27. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 127 (17): p. 424-426; 1990 Oct27. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Ovariectomy; Ketamine; Xylazine; Analgesics; Anesthesia; Drug combinations; Adverse effects; Duration; Dosage 105 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R3224 Comparison of the efficacy of three premedicants administered to cats. Dyson, D.H.; Pascoe, P.J.; Honeyman, V.; Rahn, J.E. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Jul. The Canadian veterinary journal v. 33 (7): p. 462-464; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Preanesthetic medication; Drug combinations; Drug effects; Anesthesia; Heart rate; Respiration rate; Catheters 106 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Comparison of the hemodynamic effects of halothane alone and halothane combined with epidurally administered morphine for anesthesia in ventilated dogs. Valverde, A.; Dyson, D.H.; Cockshutt, J.R.; McDonell, W.N.; Valliant, A.E. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Mar. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (3): p. 505-509; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Halothane; Morphine; Hemodynamics; Drug combinations Abstract: The hemodynamic effects of 1.5 minimal alveolar concentration of halothane alone (1.6% end-tidal) and 1.5 minimal alveolar concentration of halothane (1.1% end-tidal concentration) combined with epidurally administered morphine were compared during controlled ventilation in 10 dogs used on 2 occasions and randomly allocated to 2 groups. Arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, stroke volume, left ventricular work, and pulmonary arterial pressure were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in dogs of the morphine-treated group before administration of morphine. After epidural administration of morphine (0.1 mg/kg of body weight diluted in 0.26 ml of saline solution/kg), hemodynamic changes were not observed, and the aforementioned variables remained significantly (P < 0.05) higher than values in dogs of the halothane only group. Compared with halothane (1.6%) alone, the reduction in halothane end-tidal concentration (1.1%) associated with epidurally administered morphine is beneficial in maintaining hemodynamic function. 107 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Comparison of the postoperative analgesic and sedative effects of carprofen and papaveretum in the dog. Nolan, A.; Reid, J. London : The British Veterinary Association; 1993 Sep04. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 133 (10): p. 240-242; 1993 Sep04. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents; Opioids 108 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292 A comparison of the postoperative analgesic and sedative effects of flunixin and papaveretum in the dog. Reid, J.; Nolan, A.M. London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1991 Dec. The Journal of small animal practice v. 32 (12): p. 603-608; 1991 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Flunixin; Analgesics; Anesthesia; Pain; Drug effects 109 NAL Call. No.: SF901.V47 A comparison of three local anaesthetic techniques for skin biopsy in dogs. Henfrey, J.I.; Thoday, K.L.; Head, K.W. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergammon Press, Inc; 1991. Veterinary dermatology v. 2 (1): p. 21-27; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Local anesthesia; Lidocaine; Epinephrine; Cutaneous application; Local anesthetics; Skin; Biopsy; Adverse effects; Artefacts 110 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Comparison of xylazine with tiletamine-zolazepam (Telazol) and xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in rabbits. Popilskis, S.J.; Oz, M.C.; Gorman, P.; Florestal, A.; Kohn, D.F. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Jan. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (1): p. 51-53; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthesia; Xylazine; Anesthetics; Drug combinations; Ketamine Abstract: Although widely used to provide short term anesthesia, ketamine-xylazine does not always produce satisfactory anesthesia. We compared the efficacy of ketamine-xylazine to tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine for producing surgical anesthesia in rabbits. Four of six rabbits receiving ketamine-xylazine and all of the 12 animals given tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine were anesthetized successfully. The mean surgical anesthesia time in the ketamine-xylazine group was 35 +/- 6 minutes as compared to the tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine group, 72 +/- 8 minutes (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the interval between the injection of the different anesthetic mixtures and the loss of either the righting reflex, the jaw reflex or the toe web pinch reflex. Respiratory rates and arterial oxygen partial pressure were higher in the ketamine-xylazine group (p < 0.05). However, in both groups arterial blood pressure and arterial PO2 were lowered, while arterial PCO2 was elevated. No nephrotoxicity occurred. Tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine provides effective surgical anesthesia in rabbits and in many cases may be preferable to conventional ketamine-xylazine regimen. 111 NAL Call. No.: QL785.A725 Conditioned inhibition of analgesia. Wiertelak, E.P.; Watkins, L.R.; Maier, S.F. Austin, Tex. : Psychonomic Society; 1992 Nov. Animal learning & behavior v. 20 (4): p. 339-349; 1992 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pain; Rats Abstract: Stimuli that predict the occurrence of aversive events come to elicit conditioned analgesia. Experiments 1A and 1B examined the possibility that conditioning can inhibit analgesia when stimuli are paired in a backward fashion with a shock US (Pavlovian CS-s). Analgesia conditioned in response to shock context exposure was reversed during the CS- (light) presentation after four sessions. The ability of the CS- to function as a conditioned inhibitor of analgesia was then evaluated in both summation (Experiment 1A) and retardation-of-acquisition testing (Experiments 1A and 1B). The results support the conclusion that a stimulus presented after shock in a backward fashion comes to be a conditioned inhibitor of analgesia. Experiments 2A and 2B examined the assumption that the results obtained with our pain sensitivity measure (tailflicking in response to radiant heat) reflect changes in responsiveness to painful input, rather than a general motor inhibition or general insensitivity to sensory input. In Experiment 2A, tailflick responding to painful and nonpainful input was compared in animals receiving either morphine or saline. In Experiment 2B, tailflick responding to painful and nonpainful input to the tail was compared in both the shock and a neutral context. in both experiments, only the painful input yielded changes in responsivity. The results support the conclusion that the alterations in pain sensitivity produced by the CS- for shock represents a conditioned inhibition specific to pain. 112 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Development of an opiate-based anaesthetic technique for use in dogs with cardiomyopathy. Williamson, H.A.; Cumming, D.V.E.; Cobb, M.A.; Pattison, C.W.; Yacoub, M.H.; Clayton Jones, D.G. London : The Association; 1991 Nov02. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 129 (18): p. 398-400; 1991 Nov02. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Fentanyl; Halothane; Nitrous oxide; Cardiomyopathy; Safety 113 NAL Call. No.: RB127.P34 Differentiating analgesic and non-analgesic drug activities on rat hot plate: effect of behavioral endpoint. Carter, R.B. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1991 Nov. Pain : the journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain v. 47 (2): p. 211-220; 1991 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Analgesics; Assays; Animal behavior 114 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1X4 Distribution in female rats of an anaesthetic intravenous dose of 14C-propofol. Simons, P.J.; Cockshott, I.D.; Douglas, E.J.; Gordon, E.A.; Knott, S.; Ruane, R.J. London : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Oct. Xenobiotica v. 21 (10): p. 1325-1335; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Intravenous injection; Pharmacokinetics; Animal tissues; Distribution; Females; Rats Abstract: 1. Bolus i.v. doses of 14C-propofol (9 mg/kg) were administered to female rats for measurement of tissue levels of total 14C and propofol from 2 min to 24 h post-dose; wholebody autoradiography was studied at 6 min, 2 h and 24 h post-dose, and also involved 15-day pregnant rats. 2. The blood propofol concentration-time profile was fitted by a tri-exponential function corresponding to a three-compartment open model. Data show rapid distribution during the mixing period into highly perfused tissues and muscle, comprising the central compartment, and slower uptake into less well-perfused skin and adipose tissues comprising the deeper compartments. 3. The initial decline in blood propofol concentration was associated with redistribution (t(1/2) 4 min), the second decline (15-240 min post-dose) was associated with metabolism (t(1/2) 33 min) and the third decline reflected slow depletion of drug from deep tissue compartments (t(1/2) 6.4 h). 4. Blood and brain propofol concentrations on waking (at 7 min post-dose) were 4 micrograms/ml and 9 micrograms/g respectively; the model shows that, at this time, 30% of the dose was lost from the central compartment by redistribution and a similar amount by metabolism. 5. Tissue profiles of total 14C and propofol diverged for highly perfused tissues (other than brain) because of slow clearance of metabolites, accentuated by enterohepatic recirculation. 115 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Distribution of material injected intramuscularly in dogs. Autefage, A.; Fayolle, P.; Toutain, P.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Jun. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (6): p. 901-904. ill; 1990 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Radioactive iodine; Intramuscular injection; Muscles; Distribution; Pharmacokinetics Abstract: A radiopaque marker was injected, using needles of various lengths, into the cervical musculature, the lumbar epaxial musculature, and the cranial and caudal muscular masses of the thighs of anesthetized dogs. After this procedure, the dogs were euthanatized and deep-frozen. The bodies were then sectioned, and the slices were radiographed to determine the fate of the injected material. Material that was injected into the neck or caudal region of the thigh was determined to be located in the muscle bellies or dispensed throughout the intermuscular fascial sheaths. In contrast, material injected into the lumbar area and cranial region of the thigh was located entirely in the muscle bellies. It was concluded that the best sites for injection in dogs are the lumbar epaxial musculature or the quadriceps femoris muscle when IM administration is imperative. 116 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Dorsal metatarsal, penile, and sublingual vein injections of anesthetized rats using a simplified inhalation anesthetic. Martinic, G.; Taylor, J. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1993 Jan. Lab animal v. 22 (1): p. 38-44; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Anesthesia 117 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Dose response to butorphanol administered subcutaneously to increase visceral nociceptive threshold in dogs. Sawyer, D.C.; Rech, R.H.; Durham, R.A.; Adams, T.; Richter, M.A.; Striler, E.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Nov. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (11): p. 1826-1830; 1991 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Pain; Subcutaneous injection; Dosage; Dosage effects Abstract: Butorphanol (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg of body weight, and placebo) was given sc to 8 healthy unmedicated dogs to determine its efficacy for visceral analgesia, using a colonic balloon for minimal threshold nociceptor stimulation. Degree of sedation; systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure; and pulse rate were recorded. The highest 3 dosages, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg, were found to be most effective, with 0.8 mg/kg the only dosage that was significantly different from control responses at the 45-minute interval. Duration of analgesia ranged from 23 to 53 minutes for all 6 dosages and dosing durations were not significantly different from one another. Blood pressures did not change, but pulse rate was significantly decreased by 0.8 mg of butorphanol/kg. We concluded that butorphanol is an effective visceral analgesic of relatively short duration in the dog. 118 NAL Call. No.: 442.9 SO1 Dose-response of intravenous butorphanol to increase visceral nociceptive threshold in dogs. Houghton, K.J.; Rech, R.H.; Sawyer, D.C.; Durham, R.A.; Adams, T.; Langham, M.A.; Striler, E.L. Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1991 Jul. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine v. 197 (3): p. 290-296; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Dosage; Dosage effects; Duration; Blood pressure; Pulse rate; Intravenous injection Abstract: This study was designed to determine the effective analgesic dose of butorphanol administered intravenously to obtund visceral nociception, as well as to determine duration of this effect. Additionally, cardiovascular changes and sedative effects were defined. Eight healthy dogs were each given five doses of butorphanol (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg) plus a sterile water placebo intravenously in a randomized blinded format. Antinociception was assessed using an inflatable Silastic balloon inserted into the colon. Blood pressures and pulse rates were measured with a noninvasive monitor. The greatest efficacy and longest duration of antinociception were produced by 0.4 mg/kg of butorphanol, with a duration of 38 +/- 9 min. Arterial blood pressure and pulse rate did not vary at antinociceptive doses. Mild sedation was observed at all doses, which generally lasted longer than the antinociceptive effects. These data suggest that butorphanol can be given alone intravenously to provide visceral antinociception lasting 30-45 min without significant side effects. 119 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Drug therapy in cats: a therapeutic category approach. Boothe, D.M. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1990 May15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 196 (10): p. 1659-1669; 1990 May15. Third of a series. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cat; Drug therapy; Antiinfective agents; Analgesics; Antihistaminics; Antiinflammatory agents; Hormones; Anthelmintics; Drugs 120 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Duration of etomidate-induced adrenocortical suppression during surgery in dogs. Dodam, J.R.; Kruse-Elliott, K.T.; Aucoin, D.P.; Swanson, C.R. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 May. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (5): p. 786-788; 1990 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Surgical operations; Corticotrophin Abstract: Plasma cortisol concentrations were compared in canine surgical patients given etomidate (2 mg/kg of body weight, IV) or thiopental sodium (12 mg/kg, IV) for anesthetic induction. Blood samples to determine plasma concentrations of etomidate were obtained at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after induction. Adrenocortical function was evaluated before surgery by use of adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation tests. Dogs in both induction groups had high plasma cortisol concentrations after induction. Dogs given thiopental had a significant increase (P < 0.05) in plasma cortisol concentration from baseline at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 hours after induction. Dogs given etomidate had a significant increase (P < 0.05) in plasma cortisol concentration from baseline at 5, 6, and 8 hours after induction. A comparison of plasma cortisol concentrations determined at 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours after induction with thiopental or etomidate revealed a higher (P < 0.05) concentration in dogs given thiopental. The disposition of etomidate was best described by a 2-compartment model, with a redistribution half-life of 0.12 +/- 0.04 minute and a terminal half-life of 1.70 +/- 0.27 minute. Plasma cortisol concentrations did not correlate with plasma etomidate concentrations. We conclude that, compared with thiopental, a single bolus injection of etomidate reduces the adrenocortical response to anesthesia and surgery from 2 to 6 hours after induction. Because cortisol concentrations were significantly higher than baseline, and because cardiopulmonary function is maintained after a single bolus injection of etomidate, it can be considered a safe induction agent in dogs. 121 NAL Call. No.: QP1.P4 Effect of a high-fat diet on firing rate of sympathetic nerves innervating brown adipose tissue in anesthetized rats. Sakaguchi, T.; Arase, K.; Fisler, J.S.; Bray, G.A. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1989 Jun. Physiology & behavior v. 45 (6): p. 1177-1182; 1989 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Anesthesia; Source fat; Sympathetic nervous system; Brown fat; Obesity 122 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A5 The effect of acepromazine maleate on the anesthetic potency of halothane and isoflurane. Webb, A.I.; O'Brien, J.M. Golden, Colo. : The Association; 1988 Nov. The Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association v. 24 (6): p. 609-613; 1988 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Promazine; Halothane; Anesthetics; Dosage effect; Intramuscular injection 123 NAL Call. No.: 41.9 AM37 The effect of anesthesia on the radiographic appearance of the coxofemoral joints. Aronson, E.; Kraus, K.H.; Smith, J. Raleigh, N.C. : American College of Veterinary Radiology; 1991 Jan. Veterinary radiology v. 32 (1): p. 2-5. ill; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Radiography; Hips; Hip dysplasia; Anesthesia; Joints (animal); Classification 124 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Effect of bleeding site on clinical laboratory testing of rats: orbital venous plexus versus posterior vena cava. Dameron, G.W.; Weingand, K.W.; Duderstadt, J.M.; Odioso, L.W.; Dierkman, T.A.; Schwecke, W.; Baran, K. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (3): p. 299-301; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Blood sampling; Vena cava; Veins; Laboratory tests; Blood chemistry; Hematology; Blood coagulation Abstract: We sought to determine if there were any, differences in the results of clinical laboratory tests between blood samples collected from the orbital venous plexus and the posterior vena cava of adult male rats. Thirty healthy adult male Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized by ether inhalation, and blood samples were collected successively from the orbital venous plexus (OVP) and the posterior vena cava (PVC) for hematologic (n = 10), serum chemistry (n = 10), and coagulation (n = 10) analyses. The prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times of samples from the OVP were prolonged (17% and 288%, respectively) when compared with samples from the PVC. Respective hematologic biases were as follows: red blood cell count (7%), hemoglobin (6%), hematocrit (5%), mean corpuscular volume (-3%), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (-1%), mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (1%), white blood cell count (13%), and platelet count (-7%). Respective serum chemistry biases were as follows: sorbitol dehydrogenase (-7%), glucose (-7%), blood urea nitrogen (-10%), creatinine (-2%), total protein (4%), albumin (2%), globulin (9%), alkaline phosphatase (5%), lactate dehydrogenase (-6%), aspartate aminotransferase (-5%), alanine aminotransferase (-2%), total bilirubin (0%), direct bilirubin (0%), magnesium (-17%), sodium (4%), potassium (0), chloride (4%), calcium (-2%), phosphorous (-17%), cholesterol (3%), triglycerides (24%), creatinine kinase (-8%), 5'nucleotidase (0%), and total bile acids (4%). For hematologic testing, there were no biologically significant differences between samples collected from the OVP and PVC. The coagulation times and serum Mg and P showed biologically significant differences between samples collected from the OVP and PVC. We recommend that coagulation times not be measured on plasma samples collected from the OVP. 125 NAL Call. No.: SF724.T72 Effect of chloramphenicol on duration of xylazine/pentobarbitone anaesthesia in dogs. Adetunji, A.; Adewumi, J.O.A. Ibadan, Nigeria : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan; 1990. Tropical veterinarian v. 8 (3/4): p. 149-155; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia 126 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Effect of gentamicin administration on the neuromuscular blockade induced by atracurium in cats. Forsyth, S.F.; Ilkiw, J.E.; Hildebrand, S.V. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Oct. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (10): p. 1675-1678; 1990 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Gentamicin; Muscle relaxants; Anesthetics; Recovery; Drug combinations Abstract: Atracurium besylate, a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, was administered as an infusion to 8 anesthetized cats in which neuromuscular blockade was assessed, using the train-of-four response. Once 50% depression of the first-twitch (T1) response was achieved, the infusion was held constant for 60 minutes before being discontinued and the recovery time was determined. The time for recovery was recorded as the time for the train-of-four ratio (T4 ratio) to increase from 50% to 75%. After recovery, atracurium infusion was reinstituted and the cats were again maintained for 60 minutes at 50% depression. A single bolus of gentamicin sulfate (2.0 mg/kg of body weight) was administered IV, and the infusion was continued for another 60 minutes before it was discontinued and the time for recovery was recorded. Within 1 minute of gentamicin administration, the mean +/= SD T1 response decreased from 49 +/- 5% to 33 +/- 8% of baseline and the T4 ratio decreased from 28 +/- 19% to 14 +/- 11%. Peak effect occurred at 5 minutes, with a T1 response of 29 +/- 6% of baseline and a T4 ratio of 13 +/- 12%. By 60 minutes after gentamicin administration, the T1 response had increased to 38 +/- 7% of baseline and the T4 ratio had increased to 21 +/- 13%. The time for recovery significantly (P less than 0.03) increased from 9.9 +/- 3.4 minutes during the control study to 18.1 +/- 10.7 minutes during the gentamicin study. In this study, gentamicin potentiated the neuromuscular blockade induced by atracurium and increased the recovery time. Residual blockade, observed after gentamicin administration was reversed with edrophonium. 127 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Effect of midazolam preanesthetic administration on thiamylal induction requirement in dogs. Tranquilli, W.J.; Graning, L.M.; Thurmon, J.C.; Benson, G.J.; Moum, S.G.; Lentz, E.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 May. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (5): p. 662-664; 1991 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Preanesthetic medication; Anesthetics; Dosage; Requirements; Tubes; Trachea Abstract: The thiamylal sparing effect of midazolam was studied in 30 healthy Beagle and mixed-breed dogs. Using a replicated Latin square design, all dogs were given placebo (saline solution) and 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg of midazolam/kg of body weight prior to IV administration of thiamylal sodium. The 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg dosages significantly decreased the amount of thiamylal required to obtund swallowing reflex and easily achieve endotracheal intubation. Midazolam at 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg reduced thiamylal requirement by 16.4% and 18.9%, respectively, whereas the 0.05 mg/kg dosage decreased thiamylal requirement by only 6.8%. The 0.2 mg/kg dosage did not further decrease thiamylal requirement beyond that achieved with the 0.1 mg/kg dosage of midazolam. This study demonstrates that the preanesthetic IV administration of midazolam reduces the thiamylal dose necessary to accomplish intubation. The optimal preanesthetic dosage (lowest dosage with significant effect) was 0.1 mg/kg. 128 NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 Effect of morphinomimetics in different pain tests. Dhasmana, K.M.; Banerjee, A.K.; Rating, W. Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 437-442; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Pain; Tests; Morphine; Drug effects 129 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 The effect of mouse euthanasia technique on subsequent lymphocyte proliferation and cell mediated lympholysis assays. Howard, H.L.; McLaughlin-Taylor, E.; Hill, R.L. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Sep. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (5): p. 510-514; 1990 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Euthanasia; Lymphocyte transformation; Cytotoxic t lymphocytes; Methoxyflurane; Pentobarbital; Carbon dioxide; Halothane; Dislocations Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects that specific euthanasia methods have on mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation (LP) and the induction of alloantigen specific cytolytic T-lymphocytes (CTL). Mice were euthanatized by cervical dislocation (CD), or anesthesia with methoxyflurane or pentobarbital followed by CD (M-CD or P-CD respectively), CO2 overexposure (CO2-OD) or halothane overexposure (H-OD). Mitogenic lymphoproliferation was increased in cells derived from mice euthanatized by M-CD and P-CD. In contrast, the cytolytic profile of CTL derived from mice euthanatized by P-CD, CO2-OD and H-OD was decreased. The results of this study show that euthanasia techniques involving the use of methoxyflurane, pentobarbital, CO2 and halothane affect in vitro lymphoproliferation and CTL function. We conclude that the method of euthanasia influences certain immunologic parameters and selection of a particular technique should be given careful consideration. 130 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312 Effect of posture and anaesthesia on the distribution of pulmonary perfusion and lung configuration in beagle dogs. Clercx, C.; Brom, W.E. van den; Vries, H.W. de London : British Veterinary Association; 1989 Nov. Research in veterinary science v. 47 (3): p. 359-366. ill; 1989 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Posture; Anesthesia; Lungs; Ratios; Blood flow 131 NAL Call. No.: SF774.C5 Effect of posture and anesthesia on the distribution of pulmonary perfusion and the lung configuration in dogs. Clercx, C.; Brom, W.E. van den; Vries, H.W. de S.l. : s.n., 1988? :.; 1988. Scintigraphical analyses of pulmonary function in dogs; Scintigrafische longfunktie analyse bij de hond; Analyses scintigraphiques de la function pulmonaire chez le chien / door Cecile Clercx. p. 52-66. ill; 1988. Dutch and French Summaries on pages 141-149. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Radiorespirometry; Blood circulation; Radiography; Posture; Anesthesia; Lungs 132 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222 The effect of pre-ovulatory anaesthesia on ovulation in laparoscopically inseminated domestic cats. Howard, J.G.; Barone, M.A.; Donoghue, A.M.; Wildt, D.E. Colchester : The Journal; 1992 Sep. Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 96 (1): p. 175-186; 1992 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Intrauterine insemination; Ovulation; Laparoscopy; Anesthesia; Preovulatory period; Pmsg; Hcg; Pregnancy; Conception rate; Embryonic development 133 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292 Effect of thiopentone and propofol on lower oesophageal sphnicter and barrier pressure in the dog. Waterman, A.E.; Hashim, M.A. London : British Veterinary Association; 1992 Nov. The Journal of small animal practice v. 33 (11): p. 530-533; 1992 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Thiopental; Injectable anesthetics; Anesthesia; Esophageal sphincter; Internal pressure; Preanesthetic medication 134 NAL Call. No.: SF901.V47 The effect of tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesis on the response to intradermally injected histamine in cats. Mueller, R.S.; Ihrke, P.J.; Kass, P.H.; Bettenay, S.V. Oxford, U.K. : Pergammon Press, Inc; 1991. Veterinary dermatology v. 2 (3/4): p. 119-123; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Anesthesia; Histamine; Injection 135 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A47 Effect of yohimbine on xylazine-induced diuresis in rats. Mohammad, F.K.; Ahmed, F.A.; Al-Kassim, N.A.H. Manhattan, Kan. : American Academy of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology; 1989 Feb. Veterinary and human toxicology v. 31 (1): p. 13-15; 1989 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Xylazine; Diuresis; Drug antagonism; Anesthetics; Rats 136 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 An effective combination of anaesthetics for 6-h experimentation in the golden Syrian hamster. Reid, W.D.; Davies, C.; Pare, P.D.; Pardy, R.L. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 23 (2): p. 156-162; 1989 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Golden hamster; Anesthetics; Drug combinations; Pentobarbital; Urethane; Chloralose; Anesthesia Abstract: The anaesthetics described for use in hamsters to date are suitable for the perfomance of short-term experimentation. However, an anaesthetic regimen was required which would provide a stable preparation for 6 h and hence, a suitable combination was developed. In the first set of experiments, the effect of anaesthetics (chloralose, urethane, and pentobarb