 Anesthesia and Analgesia for Companion and Laboratory AnimalsProvided by the Animal Welfare
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Quick Bibliography Series: QB 94-18
311 citations in English from AGRICOLA
Tim Allen
Animal Welfare Information Center
March 1994 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
Allen, Tim
Anesthesia and analgesia for companion and laboratory animals.
(Quick bibliography series ; 94-18)
1. Animal anesthesia--Bibliography. 2. Laboratory animals--Bibliography. I.
Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.94-18
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JOURNAL ARTICLE:
Citation # NAL Call No.
Article title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher. Journal Title.
Date. Volume (Issue). Pages. (NAL Call Number).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8.SCH6
Morrison, S.B. Denver, Colo.: American School Food Service
Association. School foodservice journal. Sept 1987. v. 41
(8). p.48-50. ill.
BOOK:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date. Information
on pagination, indices, or bibliographies.
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL RM218.K36 1987
Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
Kane, June Kozak. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.
Includes index. xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm. Bibliography:
p. 126.
AUDIOVISUAL:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date.
Supplemental information such as funding. Media format
(i.e., videocassette): Description (sound, color, size).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV
All aboard the nutri-train.
Mayo, Cynthia. Richmond, Va.: Richmond Public Schools,
1981. NET funded. Activity packet prepared by Cynthia
Mayo. 1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +
activity packet. Anesthesia and Analgesia for Companion and Laboratory Animals
January 1988 - January 1994
SEARCH STRATEGY
Set Items Description
1 20557 anesthe? or anasthe? or anaesthe? or analges? or pain? or
distress? or stress? or tranquil? or anxiolytic?
2 2258 S1 and (rabbit? or dog? or cat? or puppy or puppies or kitten?
or rat or rats or mouse or mice or guinea (W) pig? or hamster?
or gerbil? or ferret? or vole?)
3 1809 S2/ti(tle)
4 871 S3 and PY=1988:1994
5 861 S4 and LA=English
6 484 S5 not stress?
Anesthesia and Analgesia for Companion and Laboratory Animals
1 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Acupuncture analgesia: a review.
Janssens, L.A.A.; Rogers, P.A.M.; Schoen, A.M.
London : The Association; 1988 Apr09.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 122
(15): p. 355-358. ill; 1988 Apr09. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Acupuncture; Pain; Analgesics
2 NAL Call. No.: SF601.P76
Acupuncture-produced surgical analgesia--physiology, indications, techniques,
and limitations.
Klide, A.M.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Co; 1992 Mar.
Problems in veterinary medicine v. 4 (1): p. 200-206; 1992 Mar. In the series
analytic: Veterinary acupuncture / edited by A. M. Schoen. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Domestic animals; Anesthesia; Surgery; Mode of action;
Acupuncture; Restraint of animals
3 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis in a dog after halothane anaesthesia and
administration of flunixin meglumine and trimethoprim-sulphadiazine.
McNeil, P.E.
London : The Association; 1992 Aug15.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 131
(7): p. 148-151; 1992 Aug15. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Postoperative complications; Nephritis; Renal failure;
Halothane; Anesthesia; Flunixin; Trimethoprim; Sulfadiazine; Ischemia; Case
reports
4 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Adaptation of human oscillometric blood pressure monitors for use in dogs.
Hunter, J.S. Jr; McGrath, C.J.; Thatcher, C.D.; Remillard, R.L.; McCain, W.C.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Sep.
American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (9): p. 1439-1442; 1990 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Monitors; Blood pressure; Measurement; Modification;
Veterinary equipment
Abstract: Two digital oscillometric human blood pressure measuring devices
were modified and evaluated as blood pressure monitors in 12 healthy
anesthetized dogs. Direct arterial pressures were measured via cannulation of
the dorsal pedal artery and were correlated with indirect measurements through
an inflatable cuff placed over the dorsal pedal artery below the hock joint of
the contralateral limb. Direct and indirect measurements were compared for
systolic, diastolic, and calculated mean arterial pressures. Blood pressure
ranges between 215/145 mm of Hg and 65/30 mm of Hg were obtained, using
combinations of halothane, phenylephrine, calcium, and IV administered fluids.
Machine A was found to be insufficient for clinical application, on the basis
of correlation coefficients between direct and indirect pressures of 0.78,
0.65, and 0.74 for systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures,
respectively. Higher correlation coefficients between direct and indirect
pressures (0.77, 0.87, and 0.87, respectively) were obtained with machine B.
The results of the study reported here suggest machine B may be an effective
blood pressure monitoring device in anesthetized dogs.
5 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Adverse effects of administration of propofol with various preanesthetic
regimens in dogs.
Smith, J.A.; Gaynor, J.S.; Bednarski, R.M.; Muir, W.W.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1993 Apr01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 202 (7): p.
1111-1115; 1993 Apr01. Paper presented at the symposium on "Animals and the
environment: Impacts on veterinary medicine," Boston, Massachusetts. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Preanesthetic medication; Anesthetics; Adverse effects;
Diazepam; Anesthesia
6 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
alpha 2-Adrenergic receptor agonist effects on supraventricular and
ventricular automaticity in dogs with complete atrioventricular block.
Day, T.K.; Muir, W.W. III
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Jan.
American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (1): p. 136-141; 1993 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Alpha-adrenergic receptors; Agonists; Narcotic antagonists;
Xylazine; Ventricles
Abstract: Complete atrioventricular block was induced in 26
pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs to determine the effects of the alpha
2-adrenergic receptor agonists, xylazine and medetomidine, on supraventricular
and ventricular automaticity. Prazosin and atipamezole, alpha-adrenoceptor
antagonists, were administered to isolate alpha 1- or alpha 2-adrenoceptor
effects. Six dogs served as controls and were given glycopyrrolate (0.1 mg/kg
of body weight, IV) and esmolol (50 to 75 microgram/kg/min, IV) to induce
parasympathetic and beta 1-adrenergic blockade, respectively. Eight dogs were
given sequentially increasing doses of xylazine (n = 5), 0.000257 mg (10(-9)M)
to 25.7 mg (10(-4)M) and medetomidine (n = 3), 0.000237 mg (10(-9)M) to 2.37
mg (10(-5) < M) after parasympathetic and beta 1-adrenergic blockade. Twelve
dogs were given xylazine (n = 6, 1.1 mg/kg, IV) or medetomidine (n = 6, 0.05
mg/kg, IV) after parasympathetic and beta 1-adrenergic blockade. Three dogs
given xylazine and 3 dogs given medetomidine were administered prazosin (0.1
mg/kg, IV) followed by atipamezole (0.3 mg/kg, IV). The order of prazosin and
atipamezole was reversed in the remaining 3 dogs given either xylazine or
medetomidine. Complete atrioventricular block and administration of
glycopyrrolate and esmolol resulted in stable supraventricular and ventricular
rates over a 4-hour period. Increasing concentration of xylazine or
medetomidine did not cause significant changes in supraventricular or
ventricular rate. Xylazine and medetomidine, in the presence of the
alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, prazosin (alpha(1)) and atipamezole
(alpha(2)), did not cause significant changes in supraventricular or
ventricular rate. alpha 2-Adrenoceptor agonists do not induce direct alpha 1-
or alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated depression of supraventricular or ventricular
rate in dogs with complete atrioventricular block.
7 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Alterations in epinephrine-induced arrhythmogenesis after xylazine and
subsequent yohimbine administration in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.
Tranquilli, W.J.; Thurmon, J.C.; Benson, G.J.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Jul.
American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (7): p. 1072-1075; 1988 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Adrenalin; Xylazine; Anesthetics; Heart rate;
Blood pressure; Heart diseases
Abstract: Effects of xylazine (1.1 mg/kg of body weight, IV bolus, plus 1.1
mg/kg/h infusion) and subsequent yohimbine (0.125 mg/kg, IV bolus)
administration on the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ADE) in isoflurane
(1.8% endtidal)-anesthetized dogs were evaluated. The ADE was defined as the
total dose of epinephrine that induced greater than or equal to 4 premature
ventricular contractions within 15 seconds during a 3-minute infusion period
or within 1 minute after the end of infusion. Total ADE values during
isoflurane anesthesia, after xylazine administration, and after yohimbine
injection were 36.6 +/- 8.45 micrograms/kg, 24.1 +/- 6.10 micrograms/kg, and
45.7 +/- 6.19 micrograms/kg, respectively. Intravenous xylazine administration
significantly ( P less than 0.05) increased blood pressure and decreased heart
rate, whereas yohimbine administration induced a significant (P less than
0.05) decrease in blood pressure. After yohimbine administration, the ADE
significantly (P less than 0.05) increased above that after isoflurane plus
xylazine administration. After yohimbine administration, blood pressure
measured immediately before epinephrine-induced arrhythmia was significantly
(P less than 0.05) less than the value recorded during isoflurane plus
xylazine anesthesia. Heart rate was unchanged among treatments immediately
before epinephrine-induced arrhythmia. Seemingly, yohimbine possessed a
protective action against catecholamine-induced arrhythmias in dogs
anesthetized with isoflurane and xylazine.
8 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643
Anaesthesia and central nervous system disease in small animals. I. general
considerations.
Court, M.H.; Dodman, N.H.; Norman, W.M.; Seeler, D.C.
London : Bailliere Tindall; 1990 Jul.
British veterinary journal v. 146 (4): p. 285-295; 1990 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Central nervous system;
Nervous system diseases; Hypertension; Surgical operations; Physiopathology;
Blood flow; Treatment
9 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643
Anaesthesia and central nervous system disease in small animals. II.
anaesthetic management for specific diseases and procedures.
Court, M.H.; Dodman, N.H.; Norman, W.M.; Seeler, D.C.
London : Bailliere Tindall; 1990 Jul.
British veterinary journal v. 146 (4): p. 296-308; 1990 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Nervous system diseases;
Central nervous system; Neoplasms; Head; Injuries; Spinal diseases; Diagnostic
techniques
10 NAL Call. No.: SF991.A3
Anaesthesia: established principles and new developments.
Taylor, P.M.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1988.
Advances in small animal practice v. 1: p. 87-119. ill; 1988. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Respiration; Blood circulation;
Monitoring
11 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643
Anaesthesia for small animal patients with disease of the hepatic, renal or
gastrointestinal system.
Dodman, N.H.; Seeler, D.C.; Court, M.H.; Norman, W.M.
London : Bailliere Tindall; 1989 Jan.
British veterinary journal v. 145 (1): p. 3-22; 1989 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Liver diseases; Kidney
diseases; Digestive system diseases
12 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643
Anaesthesia for small animal patients with neuromuscular disease.
Fikes, L.L.; Dodman, N.H.; Court, M.H.
London : Bailliere Tindall; 1990 Nov.
British veterinary journal v. 146 (6): p. 487-499; 1990 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Neuromuscular diseases; Anesthetics;
Neurophysiology; Physiopathology; Symptoms; Breeds; Diagnosis; Risk; Adverse
effects
13 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Anaesthetic effects of chloral hydrate, pentobarbitone and urethane in adult
male rats.
Field, K.J.; White, W.J.; Lang, C.M.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1993 Jul.
Laboratory animals v. 27 (3): p. 258-269; 1993 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Anesthetics
Abstract: Chloral hydrate, pentobarbitone and urethane were evaluated and
compared for onset, duration and depth of anaesthesia, cardiovascular and
respiratory effects, nociception and mortality in adult male rats. Chloral
hydrate (300 and 400 mg/kg) severely depressed the cardiovascular and
respiratory systems. Duration of anaesthesia was linearly related to dose, and
anaesthetic depth and analgesia were excellent. Pentobarbital (40 mg/kg)
produced a short period light surgical anaesthesia. Moderate to severe
respiratory and cardiovascular depression occurred. Duration of anaesthesia
was not related to dose. Urethane (1.2 and 1.5 g/kg) caused moderate
cardiovascular depression. In addition, mortality was high at the 1.5 g/kg
dose. Duration of anaesthesia was greater than 24 h for most animals.
Anaesthesia depth and analgesia were excellent.
14 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643
Anaesthetic management of the traumatized small animal patient.
Norman, W.M.; Dodman, N.H.; Court, M.H.; Seeler, D.C.
London : Bailliere Tindall; 1989 Sep.
British veterinary journal v. 145 (5): p. 410-425; 1989 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Trauma; Anesthesia; Physiopathology; Respiratory
system; Cardiovascular system; Central nervous system
15 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292
Anaesthetic regimes for cataract removal in the dog.
Young, S.S.; Barnett, K.C.; Taylor, P.M.
London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1991 May.
The Journal of small animal practice v. 32 (5): p. 236-240; 1991 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cataract; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Muscle relaxants;
Halothane; Nitrous oxide; Thiopental; Preoperative care; Surgery
16 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Analgesia after lateral thoracotomy in dogs: epidural morphine vs. intercostal
bupivacaine.
Pascoe, P.J.; Dyson, D.H.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Mar.
Veterinary surgery v. 22 (2): p. 141-147; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Pain; Analgesics
17 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Analgesia and behavioral responses of dogs given oxymorphone-acepromazine and
meperidine-acepromazine after methoxyflurane and halothane anesthesia.
Sawyer, D.C.; Rech, R.H.; Adams, T.; Durham, R.A.; Richter, M.A.; Striler,
E.L.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Aug.
American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (8): p. 1361-1368; 1992 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Pethidine; Analgesics; Anesthesia; Halothane;
Methoxyflurane; Pain; Drug effects; Blood pressure; Pulse rate
Abstract: This study was designed to test analgesia, duration, and
cardiovascular changes induced by meperidine (MEP) and oxymorphone (OXY)
following methoxyflurane (MOF) and halothane (HAL) anesthesia. Eight healthy
dogs were given atropine and acepromazine, and anesthesia was induced with
thiamylal and maintained with 1.5 minimal alveolar concentration of MOF or HAL
for 1 hour during controlled ventilation. Eight treatments were given with
each anesthetic: 3 with MEP (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg, IV), 3 with oxymorphone
(OXY; 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg, IV), and 2 placebos with sterile water. Test
drugs were given at the end of anesthesia when early signs of recovery were
evident. Minimal threshold stimulus/response nociception was assessed by use
of an inflatable soft plastic colonic balloon. Blood pressures and pulse rate
were measured with a noninvasive monitor. Meperidine and OXY were found to be
effective analgesics and could be reversed with naloxone. Intravenous
administration of 2.0 mg of MEP/kg provided analgesia for 36 +/- 6 minutes and
39 +/- 15 minutes after MOF and HAL, respectively. In contrast, OXY was
effective at all 3 doses with effects of IV administration of 0.2 mg of OXY/kg
lasting 154 +/- 13 minutes and 152 +/- 12 minutes, after MOF and HAL,
respectively. Analgesia could not be demonstrated after anesthesia for
acepromazine, MOF, or HAL. Blood pressure was not changed by either anesthetic
nor was it influenced by MEP or OXY. Pulse rate was significantly depressed by
the higher doses of OXY following HAL, but was not changed by MEP following
either anesthetic. This study demonstrated the longer duration of analgesia of
OXY. In addition, we could not find that analgesia was provided by either MOF
or HAL following recovery from anesthesia.
18 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Analgesia in dogs after intercostal thoracotomy: a comparison of morphine,
selective intercostal nerve block, and interpleural regional analgesia with
bupivacaine.
Thompson, S.E.; Johnson, J.M.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1991 Jan.
Veterinary surgery v. 20 (1): p. 73-77; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Postoperative care; Morphine; Pain; Blood; Ph;
Gases
19 NAL Call. No.: SF991.A3
Analgesia in dogs and cats.
Waterman, A.E.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1988.
Advances in small animal practice v. 1: p. 159-181; 1988. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Analgesics; Pain; Treatment; Surgery;
Pharmacology
20 NAL Call. No.: RS160.J6
Analgesic activity of certain flavone derivatives: a structure-activity study.
Thirugnanasambantham, P.; Viswanathan, S.; Mythirayee, C.; Krishnamurty, V.;
Ramachandran, S.; Kameswaran, L.
Limerick : Elsevier Scientific Publishers; 1990 Feb.
Journal of ethno-pharmacology v. 28 (2): p. 207-214; 1990 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Flavonoids; Derivatives; Structure activity relationships;
Analgesics; Mice
21 NAL Call. No.: RS160.I47
Analgesic and antiinflammatory effects of chasmanthera dependens.
Onabanjo, A.O.; John, T.A.; Sokale, A.A.; Samuel, O.T.
Lisse, Netherlands : Swets & Zeitlinger; 1991 Feb.
International journal of pharmacognosy v. 29 (1): p. 24-28; 1991 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Menispermaceae; Medicinal plants; Pharmaceutical products; Plant
extracts; Alkaloids; Tannins; Cardiac glycosides; Medicinal properties;
Analgesics; Antiinflammatory agents; Drug toxicity; Mice
22 NAL Call. No.: RS160.I47
Analgesic and antipyretic effects of Mucuna pruriens.
Iauk, L.; Galati, E.M.; Kirjavainen, S.; Forestieri, A.M.; Trovato, A.
Lisse, Netherlands : Swets & Zeitlinger; 1993 Aug.
International journal of pharmacognosy v. 31 (3): p. 213-216; 1993 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mucuna pruriens; Medicinal properties; Plant extracts; Leaves;
Fruits; Trichomes; Analgesics; Antipyretics; Pain; Fever; Inflammation; Rats;
Mice
23 NAL Call. No.: 450 P697
Analgesic and behavioural effects of Morinda citrifolia.
Younos, C.; Rolland, A.; Fleurentin, J.; Lanhers, M.C.; Misslin, R.; Mortier,
F.
Stuttgart, W. Ger. : Georg Thieme Verlag; 1990 Oct.
Planta medica v. 56 (5): p. 430-434; 1990 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Morinda citrifolia; Roots; Plant extracts; Analgesics;
Pharmaceutical products; Medicinal properties; Mice; Naloxone
24 NAL Call. No.: 450 P697
Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties of Euphorbia hirta.
Lanhers, M.C.; Fleurentin, J.; Dorfman, P.; Mortier, F.; Pelt, J.M.
Stuttgart, W. Ger. : Georg Thieme Verlag; 1991 Jun.
Planta medica v. 57 (3): p. 225-231; 1991 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Euphorbia hirta; Plant extracts; Pharmaceutical products; Mice;
Rats; Analgesics; Antipyretics; Antiinflammatory agents
25 NAL Call. No.: RS160.J6
Analgesic effect of Momordica charantia seed extract in mice and rats.
Biswas, A.R.; Ramaswamy, S.; Bapna, J.S.
Limerick : Elsevier Scientific Publishers; 1991 Jan.
Journal of ethno-pharmacology v. 31 (1): p. 115-118; 1991 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Momordica charantia; Medicinal plants; Plant extracts;
Analgesics; Mice; Rats
26 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292
Analgesic effects of acupuncture in thoracolumbar disc disease in dogs.
Still, J.
London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1989 May.
The Journal of small animal practice v. 30 (5): p. 298-301. ill; 1989 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Acupuncture; Spinal diseases; Pain
27 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
An analgesiometry system for use in rabbits with some preliminary data on the
effects of buprenorphine and lofentanil.
Wootton, R.; Cross, G.; Wood, S.; West, C.D.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1988 Jul.
Laboratory animals v. 22 (3): p. 217-222. ill; 1988 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthesia; Analgesics; Dosage effect; Measurement
Abstract: A low cost infrared skin heating system has been designed to
measure the efficacy of analgesics in rabbits. Following construction of a
prototype, it was used to access the effect of buprenorphine given
subcutaneously and per rectum. Buprenorphine administered subcutaneously has a
rapid onset of action, but its duration (8-10 h) appears slightly shorter than
has been suggested previously; rectal administration appears to prolong its
effect. Preliminary data show that lofentanil has a longer duration of action
than buprenorphine and it may prove, therefore, to be a valuable long-acting
analgesic in the rabbit.
28 NAL Call. No.: QH301.M6
Analysis of the causes effecting facilatory and inhibitory influences of the
sympathetic nervous system on parasympathetic chronotropic effects in
anesthetized cats.
Yashina, L.P.; Samonina, G.E.
New York, N.Y. : Allerton Press; 1988.
Moscow University biological sciences bulletin v. 43 (2): p. 13-19; 1988.
Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, Biologiia, v. 43 (2), 1988,
p. 15-21. (QH301.M58). Includes references.
Language: English; Russian
Descriptors: Cat; Anesthetics; Heart rate; Inhibition; Stimulation;
Sympathetic nervous system; Physiology
29 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992
Anesthesia and control of pain responses during surgery of the eye.
Hartsfield, S.M.
New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 338-347, 361;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cataract; Surgical operations; Anesthesia; Anesthetics;
Pain; Eyes; Analgesics; Opioids; Drugs; Dosage; Muscle relaxants;
Postoperative care; Postoperative complications; Inhaled anesthetics
30 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V523
Anesthesia and pain control.
Bednarski, R.M.
Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1989 Nov.
The Veterinary clinics of North America : Small animal practice v. 19 (6): p.
1223-1238; 1989 Nov. In the series analytic: Critical care / edited by R.B.
Kirby and G.L. Stamp. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Pain; Emergencies
31 NAL Call. No.: SF407.F39B56
Anesthesia and surgery.
Fox, J.G.
Philadelphia : Lea & Febiger; 1988.
Biology and diseases of the ferret / [edited by] James G. Fox. p. 289-302.
ill; 1988. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ferrets; Anesthesia; Injections; Anesthetics; Surgery;
Immunization
32 NAL Call. No.: SF992.C37C36
Anesthesia and the heart.
Mason, D.E.; Hubbell, J.A.E.
New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1988.
Canine and feline cardiology / edited by Philip R. Fox. p. 591-603; 1988.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Cardiovascular diseases; Anesthetics;
Risks; Monitoring
33 NAL Call. No.: SF601.P76
Anesthesia for head and neck surgery.
Hartsfield, S.M.; Jacobson, J.D.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Co; 1991 Jun.
Problems in veterinary medicine v. 3 (2): p. 123-141; 1991 Jun. In the series
analytic: Head and Neck Surgery / edited by C.S. Hedlund. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Anesthesia; Surgical operations; Head; Neck;
Preoperative care; Fasting; Preanesthetic medication; Anesthetics; Analgesics;
Respiration; Air flow; Tubes; Postoperative care; Monitoring
34 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Anesthesia of pups and kittens.
Grandy, J.L.; Dunlop, C.I.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1991 Apr01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 198 (7): p.
1244-1249; 1991 Apr01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pups; Kittens; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Age differences;
Pharmacokinetics; Respiratory system; Cardiovascular system; Liver; Kidneys;
Thermoregulation
35 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Anesthetic and medical management of acute hemorrhage during surgery.
Wagner, A.E.; Dunlop, C.I.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1993 Jul01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 203 (1): p. 40-45;
1993 Jul01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Horses; Hemorrhage; Surgery; Anesthesia; Medical
treatment; Blood volume; Losses; Hematocrit; Blood proteins
36 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Anesthetic and nephrotoxic effects of Telazol in New Zealand white rabbits.
Brammer, D.W.; Doerning, B.J.; Chrisp, C.E.; Rush, H.G.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct.
Laboratory animal science v. 41 (5): p. 432-435; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Injectable anesthetics; Intramuscular injection; Renal
failure; Toxicity; Anesthesia; Complications
Abstract: Telazol was evaluated as an anesthetic for rabbits. Two groups of
five rabbits each were injected intramuscularly with 32 or 64 mg/kg of
Telazol, and the depth and duration of anesthesia period monitored. At both
doses, the righting reflex was lost within 2 minutes postinjection. Animals in
both groups responded to noxious stimuli for the duration of the anesthesia.
Hematology and urinalyses were performed daily for 7 days postinjection.
Hematologic parameters remained unchanged in both groups. In the high-dose
group, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels increased 1 day
postinjection and continued steadily throughout the week. Elevations in urine
protein and the presence of casts correlated with this increase. In the
low-dose group, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels increased and
protein was present in the urine of four of five rabbits beginning
approximately 5 days postinjection. Histologically, severe renal tubular
necrosis was evident 7 days postinjection in all high-dose rabbits and in
three rabbits in the low-dose group. Our results indicate that Telazol does
not produce analgesia in rabbits and is nephrotoxic at both 32 and 64 mg/kg.
We conclude that Telazol is contraindicated for use in rabbits.
37 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A5
Anesthetic and surgical management of intrathoracic segmental tracheal
stenosis utilizing high-frequency jet ventilation.
Whitfield, J.B.; Graves, G.M.; Lappin, M.R.; Toombs, J.P.; Crowe, D.T.;
Bjorling, D.E.
Golden, Colo. : The Association; 1989 Jul.
The Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association v. 25 (4): p. 443-446.
ill; 1989 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Trachea; Thorax; Abnormalities; Resection
38 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66
Anesthetic breathing circuits for cats and small dogs.
Romatowski, J.
Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company; 1990 Feb.
The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 12
(2): p. 183-187, 190-193. ill; 1990 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Apparatus; Tubes; Circuits; Breathing;
Resistance to air flow; Air flow; Heat loss
39 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V523
Anesthetic considerations for the geriatric patient.
Paddleford, R.R.
Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1989 Jan.
The Veterinary clinics of North America : Small animal practice v. 19 (1): p.
13-31; 1989 Jan. In the series analytic: Geriatrics and gerontology / edited
by R.T. Goldston. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Geriatrics; Anesthetics; Pharmacokinetics;
Pharmacodynamics; Anesthesia
40 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643
Anesthetic management of small animal patients with endocrine disease.
Court, M.H.; Dodman, N.H.; Norman, W.M.; Seeler, D.C.
London : Bailliere Tindall; 1988 Jul.
British veterinary journal v. 144 (4): p. 323-342; 1988 Jul. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Adrenal gland diseases; Adrenal medulla;
Thyroid diseases; Treatment
41 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Anesthetic requirement of isoflurane is reduced in spontaneously hypertensive
and Wistar-Kyoto rats.
Cole, D.J.; Marcantonio, S.; Drummond, J.C.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Sep.
Laboratory animal science v. 40 (5): p. 506-509; 1990 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Hypertension
Abstract: The isoflurane requirement to keep 50% of rats (Rattus norvegicus)
unresponsive to noxious stimuli (MAC) was determined in age matched
Sprague-Dawley (SD, n = 8), Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR, n = 8) and
Wistar-Kyoto (WKY, n = 8) strains. Following induction and orotracheal
intubation, each rat received isoflurane (1.65% end-tidal) for 120 minutes.
Physiologic parameters were similar except for expected differences in mean
arterial pressure (148 +/- 13mmHg-SHR group, 101 +/- 10mmHg-SD group and 94
+/- 12mmHg-WKY group [mean +/- standard deviation]). Anesthetic equilibration
was verified by infrared analysis of end-tidal gases. MAC was then determined
in each rat by the tail clamp method and a group MAC calculated.
42 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Anesthetic techniques for neutering 6- to 14-week-old kittens.
Faggella, A.M.; Aronsohn, M.G.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1993 Jan01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 202 (1): p. 56-62;
1993 Jan01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kittens; Castration; Ovariectomy; Anesthesia; Guidelines; Safety;
Adverse effects; Anesthetics
43 NAL Call. No.: SF914.A53 1990
Anesthetics and analgesics in rabbits.
Hobbs, B.A.
Columbia, Md. : American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, 1990? :.;
1990.
Anesthesia and analgesia in laboratory animals : proceedings -- 1990 Forum,
American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Columbia Inn, Columbia,
Maryland, May 3-6, 1990. p. 64, 63, 62, 61; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthetics; Analgesics
44 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A
Antagonism by flumazenil of midazolam-induced changes in quantitative
electroencephalographic data from isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.
Keegan, R.D.; Greene, S.A.; Moore, M.P.; Gallagher, L.V.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 May.
American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (5): p. 761-765; 1993 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Benzodiazepines; Narcotic antagonists; Anesthetics;
Electroencephalography
Abstract: Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) was assessed in 5 dogs
anesthetized with 1.6% end-tidal concentration of isoflurane and after
subsequent administration of the benzodiazepine midazolam (0.2 mg/kg of body
weight, IV). Ventilation was controlled to maintain normocapnia. Effect of the
benzodiazepine antagonist, flumazenil (0.04 mg/kg, IV), on QEEG in
midazolam-isoflurane-anesthetized dogs was determined. Heart rate, arterial
blood pressure, esophageal temperature, arterial pH and blood gas tensions,
end-tidal CO2 concentration, and end-tidal isoflurane concentration were
monitored throughout the study. A 21-lead linked-ear montage was used for
recording the EEG data. Quantitative EEG data were stored on an optical disk
for later analysis. Values for absolute power of EEG were determined for
delta, theta, alpha, and beta-frequencies. Cardiovascular variables remained
stable throughout the study. Midazolam administration was associated with
decreased absolute power in all frequencies of EEG at all electrode sites.
Administration of flumazenil antagonized midazolam-induced decreased absolute
power of EEG in all frequencies at all electrode sites. We conclude that QEEG
provides a noninvasive, objective measure of midazolam- and flumazenil-induced
changes in cortical activity during isoflurane anesthesia.
45 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Antagonism of ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in rats by administration of
yohimbine, tolazoline, or 4-aminopyridine.
Komulainen, A.; Olson, M.E.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Apr.
American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (4): p. 585-588; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Anesthesia; Ketamine; Xylazine; Yohimbine; 4-aminopyridine;
Drug antagonism; Dosage; Adverse effects
Abstract: Antagonism of ketamine-xylazine (85 mg of ketamine/kg of body
weight and 15 mg of xylazine/kg, IM) anesthesia in rats by yohimbine (YOH; 1,
5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, IP), tolazoline (TOL; 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg, IP),
4-aminopyridine 4-AP; 1 or 5 mg/kg, IP), or a combination of yohimbine and
4-aminopyridine (YOH:4-AP, 1 mg/kg:1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg:1 mg/kg, IP) was
studied. All dosages of YOH, TOL, 4-Ap, and YOH:4-AP reduced the time to
appearance of corneal and pedal reflexes. Only TOL was effective in reducing
time to appearance of the crawl reflex and recovery time. Yohimbine, 4-AP,
YOH:4-AP, and TOL were effective in reversing respiratory depression caused by
ketamine-xylazine anesthesia, but anesthetic-induced hypothermia was not
antagonized. When given to non-anesthetized rats, the antagonists had little
influence on respiratory rate, but all antagonists caused significant (P <
0.05) reduction in core body temperature for at least 90 minutes. When YOH was
used as an anesthetic antagonist at dosage of 20 mg/kg, 20% mortality was
observed and was attributable to acute respiratory arrest. The use of 4-AP and
YOH:4-AP at the dosages studied induced moderate to severe muscular tremors.
In conclusion, TOL at dosage of 20 mg/kg given IP, appears to be an
appropriate antagonist for ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in rats.
46 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Antagonistic activities of atipamezole, 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine against
medetomidine/ketamine-induced anaesthesia in cats.
Verstegen, J.; Fargetton, X.; Zanker, S.; Donnay, I.; Ectors, F.
London : The Association; 1991 Jan.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 128
(3): p. 57-60; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Anesthesia; Drug antagonism; Narcotic antagonists;
Yohimbine; 4-aminopyridine; Anesthetics; Ketamine
47 NAL Call. No.: 450 P697
Anti-infammatory and analgesic effects of an aqueous extract of Harpagophytum
procumbens.
Lanhers, M.C.; Fleurentin, J.; Mortier, F.; Vinche, A.; Younos, C.
Stuttgart, W. Ger. : Georg Thieme Verlag; 1992 Apr.
Planta medica v. 58 (2): p. 117-123; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Harpagophytum procumbens; Plant extracts; Pharmaceutical
products; Antiinflammatory agents; Analgesics; Rats; Mice
48 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484
Antinociceptive effects of pyridoxine, thiamine, and cyanocobalamin in rats.
Bartoszyk, G.D.; Wild, A.
New York, N.Y. : The Academy; 1990.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 585: p. 473-476; 1990. In the
series analytic: Vitamin B6 / edited by K. Dakshinamurti. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cyanocobalamin; Pyridoxine; Thiamin; Dosage effects; Pain; Rats
49 NAL Call. No.: RS160.J6
Anxiolytic activity of Panax ginseng roots: an experimental study.
Bhattacharya, S.K.; Mitra, S.K.
Limerick : Elsevier Scientific Publishers; 1991 Aug.
Journal of ethno-pharmacology v. 34 (1): p. 87-92; 1991 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Panax pseudoginseng; Roots; Diazepam; Anxiety; Behavior; Rats
Abstract: The putative anxiolytic activity of the white and red varieties of
ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng, was investigated in rats and mice using a
number of experimental paradigms of anxiety and compared with that of
diazepam. Pilot studies indicated that single-dose administration of ginseng
had little to no acute behavioral effects, hence the two varieties of ginseng
were administered orally at two dose levels twice daily for 5 days, while
diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered acutely. White and red varieties of
ginseng (20 and 50 mg/kg) showed positive results when tested against several
paradigms of experimental anxiety. Both were effective in the open-field and
elevated plus-maze tests and reduced conflict behaviour in thirsty rats and
footshock-induced fighting in paired mice. Ginseng also attenuated
pentylenetetrazole-induced decrease in rat brain MAO activity, confirming its
anxiolytic activity since this has been proposed to be an endogenous marker
for anxiety. The effects induced by white and red ginseng (50 mg/kg X 5 days)
were comparable to those induced by diazepam (1 mg/kg).
50 NAL Call. No.: SF911.B56
Apnea associated with anesthesia.
Dyson, D.H.
Toronto : B.C. Decker, Inc; 1988.
Decision making in small animal soft tissue surgery / Allen G. Binnington,
Joanne R. Cockshutt. p. 184-185; 1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Asphyxia; Respiration; Ventilation
51 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992
Assessment of analgesia by catecholamine analysis: resopnse to onychectomy in
cats.
Benson, G.J.; Lin, H.C.; Thurmon, J.C.; Olson, W.A.; Tranquilli, W.J.
New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 436-439,
476-477; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Analgesics; Catecholamines; Postoperative care; Surgical
operations; Drug effects
52 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Assessment of discomfort in rats with hepatomegaly.
Beynen, A.C.; Baumans, V.; Bertens, A.P.M.G.; Haas, J.W.M.; Hellemond, K.K.
van; Herck, H. van; Peters, M.A.W.; Stafleu, F.R.; Tintelen, G. van
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1988 Oct.
Laboratory animals v. 22 (4): p. 320-325; 1988 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Hepatomegaly; Pain; Assessment; Cholesterol
Abstract: An attempt was made to assess discomfort in rats with hepatomegaly
induced by feeding a high cholesterol, high cholate diet. After 8 weeks, the
rats displayed a more than two-fold increase in liver weight when compared
with controls fed a commercial diet. In a small open field test, behaviour of
rats with hepatomegaly was similar to the controls. Of 9 parameters scored per
rat, only the response to pressure on the right hypochondrium (tension of
overlying muscles) scored higher than in control animals. There was
considerable discomfort between-assessor variation in the assignment of
scores. It is suggested, tentatively, that hepatomegaly in rats caused by
cholesterol plus cholate feeding, may not cause extreme discomfort. Upon
'blind' palpation of control and test rats, an average of 60% of the rats with
hepatomegaly were classified correctly.
53 NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987
Assessment of discomfort induced by orbital puncture in rats.
Beynen, A.C.; Baumans, V.; Haas, J.W.M.; Hellemond, K.K. van; Stafleu, F.R.;
Tintelen, G. van
Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988.
New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal
science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5
June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 431-436. ill;
1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Eyes (animal); Blood sampling; Sampling techniques; Pain;
Assessment
54 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Atraumatic endotracheal intubation in small rabbits.
Conlon, K.C.; Corbally, M.T.; Bading, J.R.; Brennan, M.F.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Mar.
Laboratory animal science v. 40 (2): p. 221-222. ill; 1990 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Trachea; Tubes; Inhaled anesthetics; Anesthesia;
Laboratory methods
55 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Atrial fibrillation in halothane- and isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.
Freeman, L.C.; Ack, J.A.; Fligner, M.A.; Muir, W.W. III
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Jan.
American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (1): p. 174-177; 1990 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Halothane; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Heart diseases
Abstract: Programmed electrical stimulation techniques were used to evaluate
the effects of halothane and isoflurane on induction of atrial fibrillation in
anesthetized dogs. Experiments were performed in 16 dogs anesthetized with
alpha-chloralose. Critically timed premature stimuli were applied to the right
atrial appendage and Bachmann bundle to determine the atrial fibrillation
threshold, defined as the minimal current required to induce rapid, irregular
atrial electrical activity of at least 8 seconds' duration. Atrial
fibrillation thresholds were determined at baseline (0.0% inhalational
anesthetic), 0.5 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC), and 1.0 MAC of
halothane (n = 8) and isoflurane (n = 8). In the absence of inhalation
anesthetic, it was significantly (P < 0.01) easier to induce atrial
fibrillation at the Bachmann bundle vs the right atrial appendage. Atrial
fibrillation threshold at the Bachmann bundle was not affected by increasing
concentrations of halothane, but was increased by 1.0 MAC of isoflurane (P <
0.05). It was concluded that at 1.0 MAC isoflurane, but not halothane, has
antifibrillatory effects in atrial tissue.
56 NAL Call. No.: RB127.P34
Attempts to gauge the relative importance of pre- and postsynaptic effects of
morphine on the transmission of noxious messages in the dorsal horn of the rat
spinal cord.
Lombard, M.C.; Besson, J.M.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1989 Jun.
Pain : the journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain v.
37 (3): p. 335-345. ill; 1989 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Spinal cord; Morphine; Neurophysiology; Neurons; Pain
57 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Autonomic and cardiovascular effects of neuromuscular blockade antagonism in
the dog.
Clutton, R.E.; Boyd, C.; Flora, R.; Payne, J.; McGrath, C.J.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1992 Jan.
Veterinary surgery v. 21 (1): p. 68-75; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Nervous system; Drug combinations;
Cardiovascular system; Drug effects
58 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Azaperone and azaperone-ketamine as a neuroleptic sedative and anesthetic in
rats and mice.
Olson, M.E.; Renchko, P.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Jun.
Laboratory animal science v. 38 (3): p. 299-304; 1988 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Rats; Anesthesia; Ketamine; Azaperone; Drug combinations
Abstract: Azaperone alone and combined with ketamine were evaluated as
sedative and anesthetic agents in outbred rats and mice. Using azaperone alone
the duration of immobility was 1.9 to 10.8 hours for mice and 0.9 to 2.4 hours
for rats. The withdrawal reflex was not eliminated from mice receiving
azaperone alone; however, the withdrawal reflex was eliminated from 0.9 to 2.4
hours in rats receiving azaperone. Azaperone produced a tachypnea in rats and
male mice while a depressed respiratory rate was observed in female mice.
Using azaperone combined with ketamine, the duration of immobilization was 1.1
to 8.8 hours for mice and 1.3 to 6.0 hours for rats. The duration loss of the
withdrawal reflex, which was used as an indication of surgical anesthesia, was
0.9 to 1.8 hours for mice and 1.0 to 6.0 hours for rats. An increase in
respiratory rate was observed in rats given the combination while mice given
the combination showed transient tachypnea followed by bradypnea. Overall,
azaperone alone was shown to provide sedation in mice as compared to a dose
dependent anesthesia in rats. The azaperone-ketamine combination produced a
surgical plane of anesthesia in both rats and mice. Azaperone and the
azaperone-ketamine combination appear to be a suitable alternative to
sedatives and anesthetics currently used in rats and mice.
59 NAL Call. No.: 450 P697
Behavioural effects of the American traditional plant Eschscholzia
californica: sedative and anxiolytic properties.
Rolland, A.; Fleurentin, J.; Lanhers, M.C.; Younos, C.; Misslin, R.; Mortier,
F.; Pelt, J.M.
Stuttgart, W. Ger. : Georg Thieme Verlag; 1991 Jun.
Planta medica v. 57 (3): p. 212-216; 1991 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Eschscholzia californica; Plant extracts; Pharmaceutical
products; Mice; Locomotion; Sleep
60 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Carbon dioxide as a short-term restraint anaesthetic in rats with subclinical
respiratory disease.
Fenwick, D.C.; Blackshaw, J.K.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Jul.
Laboratory animals v. 23 (3): p. 220-228; 1989 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Inhaled anesthetics; Oxygen; Anesthesia; Carbon dioxide;
Respiratory diseases; Safety; Restraint of animals
Abstract: The use of carbon dioxide (CO2) with, and without, oxygen (O2) as a
short-term restraint anaesthetic for Wistar rats in which subclinical
respiratory disease was endemic, was assessed in 3 separate experiments. In
the first, rats were placed in a CO2 atmosphere generated from solid CO2 chips
in a 701 plastic bin, and removed at time intervals ranging from 0 to 120 s
after disappearance of the pedal reflex. Eight of 25 rats died, including 2
which were removed immediately the pedal reflex disappeared; it was concluded
that CO2 without O2 was not a suitable short-term anaesthetic for rats. In a
second study, rats were anaesthetized in atmospheres of 50:50 and 80:20
(CO2:O2) provided from commercially available cylinders, in 2 different
environments--a 3.41 glass jar and a 171 plastic bin. Rats became excited in
the plastic bin but not the glass jar. Rats in the glass jar displayed visible
depression and cessation of whiskers movement significantly more quickly in
the 80:20 (CO2:O2) than in the 50:50 mixture (4.2 +/- 0.98 s, n = 6, and 66.0
+/- 4.9 s, n = 6 vs 13.8 +/- 2.77 s, n = 5 and 152.0 +/- 20.8 s, n = 5,
respectively). Rats in the 171 plastic bin lost their pedal reflexes in a mean
41.5 +/- 4.55 s (n = 11) in the 50:50 mixture and in a mean 30.9 +/- 6.38 s (n
= 11) in the 80:20 (CO2:O2) group. Those left in the 50:50 mixture for 60 s
and 180 s after disappearance of their pedal reflexes, recovered these
reflexes in 20.2 +/- 0.44 s and 21.5 +/- 7.23 s respectively after removal
from the gas. Respiration and heart beat ceased in one rat remaining in the
50:50 mixture after 13 min 10 s. No untoward effects occurred in rats left in
the 50:50 mixture for 180 s after disappearance of the pedal reflex, but 2
died when left for an equivalent period in the 80:20 mixture. In the third
study, examples of the practical use of a 50:50 mixture as a short term
restraint anaesthetic are described. It was concluded that this mixture was a
cheap, safe, and effective means of sh
61 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Cardiac dysrhythmias during anesthesia for cervical decompression in the dog.
Stauffer, J.L.; Gleed, R.D.; Short, C.E.; Erb, H.N.; Schukken, Y.H.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Jul.
American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (7): p. 1143-1146; 1988 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Heart diseases; Anesthesia; Spinal cord; Surgery
Abstract: In a retrospective study, the risk for cardiac dysrhythmias was
evaluated in dogs undergoing ventral decompression and/or fenestration of the
cervical spine (CERV) and compared with that for dogs undergoing dorsal
laminectomy for decompression of the thoracic or lumbar spine (TL). The dogs
in the CERV subset (48 dogs) tended to be heavier and older than the dogs in
the TL subset (111 dogs). There was no apparent bias detected in treatment
before anesthesia and surgery. The risk for dysrhythmias was 2.5 times greater
in the CERV subset, compared with that in the TL subset (P less than 0.01).
The risk for ventricular premature contraction was 3.5 times higher in the
CERV group ( P less than 0.05). Bradycardia was found in any dogsfrom the CERV
subset and was not found in any dogs from the TL subset. A logistic model was
derived from the data and may be used to evaluate the risk for dysrhythmias in
similar patients undergoing similar surgery and anesthesia. This model uses
age, preoperative heart rate, and site of surgery (CERV or TL) to estimate the
risk.
62 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Cardiopulmonary and anesthetic effects of ketamine and its enantiomers in
dogs.
Muir, W.W. III; Hubbell, J.A.E.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Apr.
American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (4): p. 530-534; 1988 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Ketamine; Anesthesia; Blood pressure; Heart output; Blood
chemistry; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system
63 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Cardiopulmonary and behavioral effects of combinations of
acepromazine/butorphanol and acepromazine/oxymorphone in dogs.
Cornick, J.L.; Hartsfield, S.M.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Jun15.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 200 (12): p.
1952-1956; 1992 Jun15. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Opioids; Neuroleptics; Intravenous injection; Intramuscular
injection; Drug combinations; Anesthesia; Heart rate; Respiration rate; Blood
pressure; Body temperature; Blood; Ph; Bicarbonates; Oxygen; Carbon dioxide
64 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Cardiopulmonary, anesthetic, and postanesthetic effects of intravenous
infusions of propofol in Greyhounds and non-Greyhounds.
Robertson, S.A.; Johnston, S.; Beemsterboer, J.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Jun.
American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (6): p. 1027-1032; 1992 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Injectable anesthetics; Breeds; Crossbreds; Intravenous
injection; Cardiovascular system; Recovery; Anesthesia; Adverse effects
Abstract: The cardiopulmonary, anesthetic, and postanesthetic effects of an
iv infusion of the hypnotic agent propofol were assessed in 6 Greyhounds and 7
non-Greyhounds. After IM injection of acetylpromazine and atropine, a bolus
injection of propofol sufficient to allow endotracheal intubation (mean +/-
SEM = 4.0 +/- 0.3 mg/kg of body weight in Greyhounds; 3.2 +/- 0.1 mg/kg in
non-Greyhounds) was administered, followed by continuous infusion at a rate of
0.4 mg/kg/min for 60 minutes, during which time dogs breathed 100% oxygen. In
23% of all dogs (3 of 13), apnea developed after initial bolus administration
of propofol. Arterial blood pressure was well maintained in all dogs, but
heart and respiratory rates were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during the
infusion in Greyhounds. In Greyhounds, mild respiratory acidosis developed
after 45 minutes, whereas arterial carbon dioxide tension was increased at all
times after propofol administration in non-Greyhounds. In all dogs, PCV and
total plasma proteins were unaffected by propofol. Rectal temperature
decreased during treatment. Muscle tremors were observed in approximately 50%
of dogs (in 3 of 6 Greyhounds and 3 of 7 non-Greyhounds) during and after
infusion of propofol. Non-Greyhounds lifted their heads, assumed sternal
recumbency, and stood 10 +/- 1, 15 +/- 3, and 28 +/- 5 minutes, respectively,
after the end of the infusion; in Greyhounds, the corresponding times were 36
+/- 4, 43 +/- 6, and 63 +/- 7 minutes.
65 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24
Cardiopulmonary effects of a halothane/oxygen combination in healthy cats.
Ingwersen, W.; Allen, D.G.; Dyson, D.H.; Pascoe, P.J.; O'Grady, M.R.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Jul.
Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche
veterinaire v. 52 (3): p. 386-391; 1988 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cat; Anesthesia; Halothane; Oxygen; Pharmacodynamics; Respiration
rate; Cardiovascular system
66 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24
Cardiopulmonary effects of a halothane/oxygen combination in hypovolemic cats.
Ingwersen, W.; Allan, D.G.; Dyson, D.H.; Black, W.D.; Goldberg, M.T.;
Valliant, A.E.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Oct.
Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche
veterinaire v. 52 (4): p. 428-433; 1988 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cat; Anesthesia; Halothane; Oxygen; Hypovolemia; Heart output;
Respiration rate
67 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24
Cardiopulmonary effects of a ketamine hydrochloride/acepromazine combination
in healthy cats.
Ingwersen, W.; Allen, D.G.; Dyson, D.H.; Pascoe, P.J.; O'Grady, M.R.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Jan.
Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche
veterinaire v. 52 (1): p. 1-4; 1988 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cat; Ketamine; Anesthetics; Drug combinations; Drug effects;
Stroke; Respiration rate; Heart output; Heart rate
68 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Cardiopulmonary effects of halothane anesthesia in cats.
Grandy, J.L.; Hodgson, D.S.; Dunlop, C.I.; Curtis, C.R.; Heath, R.B.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Oct.
American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (10): p. 1729-1732. ill; 1989
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cat; Anesthesia; Halothane; Ventilation; Respiration rate;
Cardiovascular system
Abstract: The cardiopulmonary effects of 2 planes of halothane anesthesia
(halothane end-tidal concentrations of 1.78% [light anesthesia] and 2.75%
[deep anesthesia]) and 2 ventilatory modes (spontaneous ventilation [SV] or
mechanically controlled ventilation [CV]) were studied in 8 cats. Anesthesia
was induced and maintained with halothane in O2 only, and each cat was
administered each treatment according to a Latin square design. Cardiac
output, arterial blood pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, heart rate,
respiratory frequency, and PaO2, PaCO2, and pH were measured during each
treatment. Stroke volume, cardiac index, and total peripheral resistance were
calculated. A probability value of less than 5% was accepted as significant.
In the cats, cardiac output, cardiac index, and stroke volume were reduced by
deep anesthesia and CV, although only the reduction attributable to CV was
significant. Systemic arterial pressure was significantly reduced by use of
deep anesthesia and CV. Respiratory frequency was significantly lower during
CV than during SV. Arterial P(O2) was significantly decreased at the deeper
plane of anesthesia, compared with the lighter plane. At the deeper plane of
anesthesia, arterial P(CO2) and pulmonary arterial pressure were significantly
lower during CV than during SV. The deeper plane of halothane anesthesia
depressed cardiopulmonary function in these cats, resulting in hypotension and
considerable hypercapnia. Compared with SV, CV significantly reduced
circulatory variables and should be used with care in cats. Arterial blood
pressure was judged to be more useful for assessing anesthetic depth than was
heart rate or respiratory frequency.
69 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Cardiopulmonary responses to experimentally induced gastric dilatation in
isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.
Hodgson, D.S.; Dunlop, C.I.; Chapman, P.L.; Grandy, J.L.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Jun.
American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (6): p. 938-943; 1992 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Inhaled anesthetics; Stomach diseases; Cardiovascular
system; Heart rate; Blood pressure; Respiration
Abstract: Gastric dilatation was experimentally induced in 6 anesthetized
dogs maintained with constant-dose isoflurane in oxygen. An intragastric
balloon was used to distend the stomach with a constant 30 mm of Hg for 3.5
hours. The PaCO2, was maintained between 35 and 45 mm of Hg, using
intermittent positive-pressure ventilation. Cardiopulmonary measurements prior
to stomach distension (baseline) were compared with measurements taken during
0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 hours of stomach distension by analyzing the
change from baseline in a randomized-block analysis with each dog as a block.
After distending the stomach, cardiac index increased (P < 0.01) from 1.5 to
3.5 hours. Stroke volume did not change, thus the increase in the, cardiac
index was attributable to an increase in heart rate. During inflation,
increases were observed in systemic arterial, pulmonary arterial, and right
atrial pressure. Respiratory frequency was unchanged; however, to maintain
PaCO2, constant, it was necessary to progressively increase peak airway
pressure. Although PaO2, tended to decrease during gastric dilation, the dogs
were never hypoxemic. These results indicate that when our methods are used to
maintain a constant anesthetic dose of isoflurane in oxygen, an observed
increase in cardiovascular performance is expected. This differs from other
studies in anesthetized dogs that have shown reduction in cardiovascular
performance following gastric dilatation.
70 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Cardiorespiratory effects of combined midazolam and butorphanol in
isoflurane-anesthetized cats.
Gross, M.E.; Smith, J.A.; Tranquilli, W.J.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Mar.
Veterinary surgery v. 22 (2): p. 159-162; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Neuroleptics; Drug combinations; Anesthesia
71 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Cardiorespiratory effects of the intravenous administration of
tiletamine-zolazepam to cats.
Hellyer, P.; Muir, W.W. III; Hubbell, J.A.E.; Sally, J.
Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Co; 1988 Mar.
Veterinary surgery v. 17 (2): p. 105-110. ill; 1988 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cat; Injections; Anesthetics; Respiration rate; Blood pressure;
Drug combinations
72 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Cardiorespiratory effects of the intravenous administration of
Tiletamine-zolazepam to dogs.
Hellyer, P.; Muir, W.W. III; Hubbell, J.A.E.; Sally, J.
Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1989 Mar.
Veterinary surgery v. 18 (2): p. 160-165; 1989 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Respiration; Heart rate; Benzodiazepine; Cycloheximide;
Anesthetics; Drug combinations
73 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of propofol adminsitration in
hypovolemic dogs.
Ilkiw, J.E.; Pascoe, P.J.; Haskins, S.C.; Patz, J.D.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Dec.
American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (12): p. 2323-2327; 1992 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthetics; Dosage effects
Abstract: Cardiopulmonary effects of propofol were studied in hypovolemic
dogs from completion of, until 1 hour after administration. Hypovolemia was
induced by withdrawal of blood from dogs until mean arterial pressure of 60 mm
of Hg was achieved. After stabilization at this pressure for 1 hour, 6 mg of
propofol/kg of body weight was administered IV to 7 dogs, and cardiopulmonary
effects were measured. After blood withdrawal and prior to propofol
administration, oxygen utilization ratio increased, whereas mean arterial
pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary
capillary wedge pressure, cardiac index, oxygen delivery, mixed venous oxygen
tension, and mixed venous oxygen content decreased from baseline. Three
minutes after propofol administration, mean pulmonary arterial pressure,
pulmonary vascular resistance, oxygen utilization ratio, venous admixture, and
arterial and mixed venous carbon dioxide tensions increased, whereas mean
arterial pressure, arterial oxygen tension, mixed venous oxygen content,
arterial and mixed venous pH decreased from values measured prior to propofol
administration. Fifteen minutes after propofol administration, mixed venous
carbon dioxide tension was still increased; however by 30 minutes after
propofol administration, all measurements had returned to values similar to
those measured prior to propofol administration.
74 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Cardiovascular changes in unanesthetized and ketamine-anesthetized
Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to 2.8-GHz radiofrequency radiation.
Jauchem, J.R.; Frei, M.R.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Jan.
Laboratory animal science v. 41 (1): p. 70-75; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Radiation; Ketamine; Anesthesia; Body temperature; Heart
rate; Blood pressure; Strain differences
Abstract: Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 2.8-GHz radiofrequency
radiation, first while unanesthetized and then while anesthetized with
ketamine (150 mg/kg, I.M.). Irradiation at a power density of 60 mW/cm2
(whole-body average specific absorption rate of approximately 14 W/kg) was
conducted for sufficient duration to increase colonic temperature from 38.5 to
39.5 degrees C. The time required for the temperature increase was
significantly longer in the anesthetized state. During irradition, heart rate
increased significantly both with and without anesthesia, while mean arterial
blood pressure increased only when the rats were unanesthetized. The heart
rate increase in the anesthetized state contrasts with a lack of change in a
previous study of Fischer rats. This difference between anesthetized
Sprague-Dawley and Fischer rats should be considered when comparing
cardiovascular data obtained from these two strains of rats.
75 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Cardiovascular effects of butorphanol administration in isoflurane-O2
anesthetized healthy dogs.
Tyner, C.L.; Greene, S.A.; Hartsfield, S.M.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Sep.
American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (8): p. 1340-1342; 1989 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Cardiovascular system; Drug effects;
Anesthetics
Abstract: Cardiovascular consequences of butorphanol tartrate (0.2 mg/kg of
body weight, IV) administration during isoflurane (1.7% end-tidal
concentration) anesthesia were determined in mechanically ventilated healthy
dogs. Butorphanol administration caused significant (P less than or equal to
0.05) reductions in mean, systolic, and diastolic arterial blood pressures;
cardiac output; and rate-pressure product.
76 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Cardiovascular effects of butorphanol in halothane-anesthetized dogs.
Greene, S.A.; Hartsfield, S.M.; Tyner, C.L.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Aug.
American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (8): p. 1276-1279; 1990 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Halothane; Anesthesia; Cardiovascular system;
Detoxicants
Abstract: Cardiovascular effects of butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg of body weight,
IV) and responses associated with subsequent administration of naloxone (0.04
mg/kg, IV) were studied in halothane (1.2% end-tidal
concentration)-anesthetized dogs. Transient, but statistically significant (P
< 0.05), decreases in heart rate, mean and diastolic arterial blood pressures,
and rate-pressure product were observed after butorphanol administration.
Cardiac index, stroke volume, and systemic vascular resistance did not change
significantly. Except for the decrease in heart rate, changes in the values of
the cardiovascular variables measured after butorphanol administration did not
appear to be clinically relevant. Sixty minutes after butorphanol
administration, naloxone was given. Statistically significant (P < 0.05)
increases in heart rate, arterial blood pressures, cardiac index, and
rate-pressure product, along with dysrhythmias were observed. Stroke volume
and systemic vascular resistance remained unchanged after administration of
naloxone. Naloxone administration was associated with changes indicative of
increased myocardial oxygen consumption.
77 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Cardiovascular function and serum catecholamine concentrations after
anesthesia and surgery in the dog.
Rawlings, C.A.; Tackett, R.L.; Bjorling, D.E.; Arnold, T.H. Jr
Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1989 Jul.
Veterinary surgery v. 18 (4): p. 255-260; 1989 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Surgical operations; Pain; Thermoregulation;
Cardiovascular system; Catecholamines; Blood serum; Blood flow; Body
temperature
78 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V6456
Children's pets (excluding the rabbit).
Taylor, N.R.
London : Wright; 1990.
The Veterinary annual (30): p. 335-341; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hamsters; Golden hamsters; Cricetulus; Phodopus; Gerbils;
Meriones libycus; Meriones unguiculatus; Guinea pigs; Mice; Mus musculus;
Rats; Rattus norvegicus; Pet care; Anesthesia; Antibiotics; Dosage; Water
intake; Antifungal agents; Antiparasitic agents
79 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63
Cisternal CSF and serum concentrations of morphine following epidural
administration in the dog.
Valverde, A.; Conlon, P.D.; Dyson, D.H.; Burger, J.P.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1992 Mar.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 15 (1): p. 91-95; 1992
Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Morphine; Conduction anesthesia; Blood serum; Cerebrospinal
fluid
80 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292
Clinical effectiveness of atipamezole as a medetomidine antagonist in cats.
Vaha-Vahe, A.T.
London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1990 Apr.
The Journal of small animal practice v. 31 (4): p. 193-197; 1990 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cat; Analgesics; Detoxicants; Drug antagonism; Drug effects;
Adverse effects; Dosage effect
81 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63
The clinical effectiveness of atipamezole as a medetomidine antagonist in the
dog.
Vaha-Vahe, A.T.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1990 Jun.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 13 (2): p. 198-205;
1990 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Narcotic antagonists; Dosage; Drug antagonism;
Adverse effects
82 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Clinical evaluation of propofol as an intravenous anaesthetic agent in cats
and dogs.
Morgan, D.W.T.; Legge, K.
London : The Association; 1989 Jan14.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 124
(2): p. 31-33; 1989 Jan14. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cat; Dogs; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Safety; Adverse effects;
Pharmacology
83 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292
Clinical observations on medetomidine/ketamine anaesthesia and its antagonism
by atipamezole in the cat.
Young, L.E.; Jones, R.S.
London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1990 May.
The Journal of small animal practice v. 31 (5): p. 221-224; 1990 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Ketamine; Drug antagonism;
Antagonists
84 NAL Call. No.: SF981.C64
Clinical observations on the simultaneous administration of xylazine and
ketamine for anesthesia in the cat.
Duke, T.; Hale, G.J.; Jones, R.S.
Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1988 Aug.
Companion animal practice v. 2 (8): p. 3-6; 1988 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cat; Anesthesia; Xylazine; Ketamine; Dosage effect
85 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643
The clinical pharmacology of agents used to manage cardiovascular instability
during general anaesthesia in small animals.
Norman, W.N.; Dodman, N.H.; Seeler, D.C.; Court, M.H.
London : Bailliere Tindall; 1988 Jan.
British veterinary journal v. 144 (1): p. 5-20. ill; 1988 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Adverse effects; Cardiovascular agents;
Heart rate; Blood pressure; Regulation; Pharmacology
86 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J6 1988
Clinical stages of general anesthesia., 6th ed.
Booth, N.H.
Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University Press; 1988.
Veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics / edited by Nicholas H. Booth, Leslie
E. McDonald. p. 171-180. ill; 1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Analgesics
87 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Closed system delivery of halothane and isoflurane with a vaporizer in the
anesthetic circle.
Bednarski, R.M.; Muir, W.W. III
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1991 Sep.
Veterinary surgery v. 20 (5): p. 353-356; 1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Halothane; Surgical equipment
88 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292
Coaxial anaesthetic circuits in small animals.
Cullen, L.K.
London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1989 May.
The Journal of small animal practice v. 30 (5): p. 294-297; 1989 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Circuits; Values; Gases; Flow
89 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24
Comparative hemodynamic effects of halothane and halothane-acepromazne at
equipotent doses in dogs.
Boyd, C.J.; McDonell, W.N.; Valliant, A.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Apr.
Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche
veterinaire v. 55 (2): p. 107-112; 1991 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Halothane; Cardiovascular agents; Hemodynamics; Anesthesia;
Phenothiazines; Neuroleptics; Dosage effects
90 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24
Comparative pharmacokinetics of Yohimbine in steers, horses and dogs.
Jernigan, A.D.; Wilson, R.C.; Booth, N.H.; Hatch, R.C.; Akbari, A.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Apr.
Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche
veterinaire v. 52 (2): p. 172-176; 1988 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Horses; Steers; Anesthetics; Indoles; Pharmacokinetics
91 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
A comparative study of medetomidine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine anaesthesia
in dogs.
Moens, Y.; Fargetton, X.
London : The Association; 1990 Dec08.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 127
(23): p. 567-571; 1990 Dec08. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Ketamine; Drug combinations; Xylazine;
Agonists; Safety; Adverse effects; Dosage effects
92 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of alfentanil in rabbits, sheep, and
dogs.
Ilkiw, J.E.; Benthuysen, J.A.; McNeal, D.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Apr.
American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (4): p. 581-584; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Sheep; Rabbits; Analgesics; Pharmacokinetics; Species
differences; Anesthesia
Abstract: The central arterial pharmacokinetics of alfentanil, a short-acting
opioid agonist, were studied in rabbits, sheep, and dogs after short-duration
infusion of the drug. Alfentanil was infused until a set end point
(high-amplitude, slow-wave activity on the EEG) was reached. This required a
larger alfentanil dose and a higher alfentanil arterial concentration in
sheep, compared with rabbits and dogs. The plasma concentration-time data for
each animal were fitted, using nonlinear regression, and in all animals, were
best described by use of a triexponential function. In this study, differences
in the disposition kinetics of alfentanil among the 3 species were found for
only distribution clearance and initial distribution half-life. In dogs,
compared with rabbits and sheep, the first distribution half-life was longer,
probably because of pronounced drug-induced bradycardia (mean +/- SD, 48 +/-
21 beats/min). Distribution clearance was faster in sheep, compared with dogs,
also probably because of better blood flow in sheep. Elimination half-life was
similar in all species (rabbits, 62.4 +/- 11.3 minutes; sheep, 65.1 +/- 27.1
minutes; dogs, 58.3 +/- 10.3 minutes). This rapid half-life resulted from a
small steady-state volume of distribution (rabbits, 908.3 +/- 269.0 ml/kg;
sheep, 720.0 +/- 306.7 ml/kg; dogs, 597.7 +/- 290.2 ml/kg) and rapid systemic
clearance (rabbits, 19.4 +/- 5.3 ml/min/kg; sheep, 13.3 +/- 3.0 ml/min/kg;
dogs, 18.7 +/- 7.5 ml/min/kg). On the basis of these pharmacokinetic
variables, alfentanil should have short duration of action in rabbits, sheep,
and dogs. This may be beneficial in veterinary practice where rapid recovery
would be expected after bolus administration for short procedures or after
infusion for longer procedures.
93 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Comparison of cerebrospinal fluid pressure in propofol- and
thiopental-anesthetized eucapnic dogs.
Wooten, T.L.; Lowrie, C.T.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Mar.
Veterinary surgery v. 22 (2): p. 148-150; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cerebrospinal fluid; Anesthesia
94 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Comparison of direct and indirect blood pressure measurement in anesthetized
dogs.
Sawyer, D.C.; Brown, M.; Striler, E.L.; Durham, R.A.; Langham, M.A.; Rech,
R.H.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Apr.
Laboratory animal science v. 41 (2): p. 134-138; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Blood pressure; Pulse rate; Measurement; Tarsus; Carpus;
Monitors; Catheters; Aorta
Abstract: This study was conducted to determine whether blood pressures and
pulse rate could be determined accurately by indirect measurements from the
front and hind legs of 15- to 40-kg dogs anesthetized with isoflurane.
Indirect measurements from each animal were compared to direct measurements
obtained from a catheter placed into the abdominal aorta via the femoral
artery at four ranges of systolic pressure. When systolic pressure was above
80 mm Hg, indirect measurements were either the same as direct measurements or
slightly lower. However, when systolic pressures were below 80 mm Hg, indirect
systolic pressure measurements were 6 to 15% higher than direct measurements.
Larger differences in diastolic pressures were found, which resulted in
differences in mean pressure. The most accurate measurements were found when
the cuff width-to-limb circumference ratio was between 0.4 and 0.6 and when
systolic pressure was between 80 and 100 mm Hg.
95 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292
A comparison of endotracheal and intravenous routes for atropine
administration in anaesthetised dogs.
Bor, A.; Jones, R.S.; Richards, D.L.S.
London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1991 Apr.
The Journal of small animal practice v. 32 (4): p. 180-182; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Atropine; Intravenous injection; Trachea; Application
methods; Heart rate; Dosage
96 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Comparison of histamine release induced by morphine and oxymorphone
administration in dogs.
Robinson, E.P.; Faggella, A.M.; Henry, D.P.; Russell, W.L.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Oct.
American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (10): p. 1699-1701; 1988 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Histamine; Morphine; Analgesics; Intravenous feeding;
Animal behavior
Abstract: Cardiovascular effects (vasodilatation, hypotension) of morphine
administration have been attributed to central actions and peripheral
histamine release. In the study reported here, we compared plasma histamine
(Hm) concentrations after morphine sulfate and oxymorphone HCl administration
in conscious dogs. Five healthy adult dogs (mean body weight, 10.1 kg) were
randomly administered morphine (2 mg/kg of body weight, IV or oxymorphone (0.2
mg/kg, IV) by a 5-second bolus injection at weekly intervals. Venous blood
samples (5 ml) were collected from jugular veins before and at 1, 2, 5, 15,
30, and 60 minutes after drug administration. Behavioral changes were
recorded. Plasma was analyzed by a radioenzymatic technique, using purified
histamine N-methyltransferase as an enzyme catalyst (sensitivity of assay, 40
pg Hm/ml). Mean base-line Hm value for all dogs was 0.55 ng/ml. The mean Hm
value was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the base-line value at 1, 2, 5,
15, and 60 minutes after morphine administration (531.4, 251.0, 113.0, 31.5
and 1.0 ng of Hm/ml, respectively), but there were no significant increases in
histamine values from base-line values at any time after oxymorphone
administration. All dogs given morphine and 1 dog given oxymorphone showed
excitatory behavior; 2 dogs given morphine and 3 dogs given oxymorphone
salivated profusely.
97 NAL Call. No.: SF914.A53 1990
Comparison of indirect and direct blood pressure measurement in the
anesthetized dog.
Sawyer, D.C.; Brown, M.; Striler, E.L.; Durham, R.A.
Columbia, Md. : American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, 1990? :.;
1990.
Anesthesia and analgesia in laboratory animals : proceedings -- 1990 Forum,
American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Columbia Inn, Columbia,
Maryland, May 3-6, 1990. p. 27-30; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Blood pressure
98 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Comparison of inhalation-to-perfusion ratio in anesthetized dogs with
barrel-shaped thorax vs dogs with deep thorax.
Clercx, C.; Brom, W.E. van den; Vries, H.W. de
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Jul.
American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (7): p. 1097-1103; 1991 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Thorax; Conformation; Anesthesia; Ratios; Lungs; Gravity;
Lung ventilation
Abstract: Interregional, as well as intraregional (local), distributions of
the inhalation-to-perfusion ratio were analyzed in the lungs of 20 prone
anesthetized healthy dogs--10 dogs with barrel-shaped thorax (Beagles) and 10
dogs with deep thorax (Greyhound-type dogs)--using 99mTc inhalation-perfusion
lung scintigraphy. Dorsoventral and lateral views were analyzed. In both types
of dogs, the ratio between the mean inhalation and perfusion values
(interregional mismatching factor) decreased from craniad to caudad and the
decrease was more sustained in the right than in the left lung. However, the
total decrease was less in Greyhound-type dogs than in Beagles
(cranial-to-caudal decrease of 14 and 27%, respectively, in the left lung, and
62 and 56%, respectively, in the right lung). The dorsal-to-ventral
distribution of interregional mismatching factor was different in the 2 types
of dogs. In Beagles, it increased from dorsal to ventral zones by about 50% of
the initial dorsal zone value, whereas in Greyhound-type dogs, only a slight
dorsal-to-ventral decrease was evident, with the exception of the more ventral
zone. Differences in the intraregional mismatching factor (rho) indicated that
the intraregional inhalation-to-perfusion inequalities were more pronounced
within the caudal regions and within the ventral zones of the lungs in both
types of dogs, and in the more cranial zones in the lungs of Beagles. However,
the degree of intraregional mismatching was generally lower in Greyhound-type
dogs. Thus, the gravitational force is not the dominating determinant of
interregional or intraregional inhalation-to-perfusion ratio distributions in
the lungs of anesthetized prone dogs. Its influence is modulated by other
factors morphologic characteristics, such as the shape and size of the thorax,
and body weight of the dog. In particular, the height of the thorax in
Greyhound-type dogs could permit the gravitational force to exert a more
determinant influence than it does in Beagle
99 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
A comparison of ketamine/xylazine and ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine
anesthesia in the rabbit.
Lipman, N.S.; Marini, R.P.; Erdman, S.E.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Jul.
Laboratory animal science v. 40 (4): p. 395-398; 1990 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthesia; Drug combinations; Ketamine; Xylazine;
Preanesthetic medication; Neuroleptics
Abstract: Parenteral anesthetic combinations such as ketamine and xylazine
have become the agents of choice for anesthesia in the rabbit, because they
are effective, easily administered and inexpensive. A number of recent reports
have recommended including acepromazine in this combination, but a critical
evaluation of this combination in the rabbit has not been reported. Five adult
New Zealand white rabbits were anesthetized intramuscularly with ketamine (35
mg/kg) and xylazine (5 mg/kg) with or without acepromazine (0.75 mg/kg). The
study was conducted in a double blind fashion, where each rabbit was
administered both combinations at a minimum of 7 day intervals. Physiologic
parameters were evaluated including heart rate, respiratory rate, central
arterial blood pressure, pedal, palpebral and postural reflex activity. The
duration of general anesthesia, estimated by the time elapsed between the loss
and return of the palpebral reflex, was greater (mean = 99 +/- 20 minutes)
when acepromazine was employed in the combination compared to (mean = 77 +/- 5
minutes) when ketamine/xylazine were used alone. Mean central arterial blood
pressure reached a lower level when acepromazine was utilized (mean = 46 +/- 8
mm/Hg) than when it was not (mean = 57 +/- 12 mm/Hg.) The addition of
acepromazine in a ketamine/xylazine combination resulted in a 28% longer
period of anesthesia, a 19% lower mean central arterial blood pressure and a
32% longer recovery of postural reflexes. The ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine
combination is a useful regimen for normovolemic animals when anesthetic
duration greater than that produced by ketamine/xylazine alone is required.
100 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24
Comparison of medetomidine and fentanyl-droperidol in dogs: sedation,
analgesia, arterial blood gases and lactate levels.
Pettifer, G.R.; Dyson, D.H.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Apr.
Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche
veterinaire v. 57 (2): p. 99-105; 1993 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Medetomidine; Fentanyl; Droperidol; Analgesics; Restraint
of animals; Nontarget effects; Body temperature; Respiration rate; Heart rate;
Blood chemistry; Respiratory gases; Lactic acid
101 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
A comparison of medetomidine-propofol and medetomidine-midazolam-propofol
anesthesia in rabbits.
Ko, J.C.H.; Thurmon, J.C.; Tranquili, W.J.; Benson, G.J.; Olson, W.A.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Oct.
Laboratory animal science v. 42 (5): p. 503-507; 1992 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthesia; Drug combinations
102 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Comparison of several combinations for anesthesia in rabbits.
Hobbs, B.A.; Rolhall, T.G.; Sprenkel, T.L.; Anthony, K.L.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 May.
American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (5): p. 669-674; 1991 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthesia; Drug combinations; Injectable anesthetics;
Heart rate; Respiration rate; Body temperature; Reflexes; Safety
Abstract: Few safe and effective anesthesia regimens have been described for
use in rabbits, partially because of the susceptibility of this species to
sometimes fatal respiratory depression. Although inhalant anesthetics are
generally safer than injectable anesthetics, their use may be limited by lack
of equipment or facilities. This study was conducted to compare effects of
several injectable anesthetics in rabbits on response to noxious stimuli,
heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature. Six injectable
anesthetic combinations were administered to rabbits:
xylazine-ethyl-(l-methyl-propyl) malonyl-thio-urea salt (EMTU), ketamine-EMTU,
xylazine-pentobarbital, xylazine-acepromazine-ketamine (XAK), ketamine-chloral
hydrate, and ketamine-xylazine. All combinations induced a depression of
respiratory rate. Although rectal temperature values were reduced to some
degree in each group, the most profound hypothermia was induced by XAK. The
combination that induced the longest duration of anesthesia was XAK. It was
concluded that XAK was preferable for longer periods of anesthesia (60 to 120
minutes), although it induces severe hypothermia. For short periods of
anesthesia, xylazine-pentobarbital, xylazine-EMTU, or ketamine-xylazine were
deemed adequate; however, xylazine-EMTU induced the best survivability and
consistency.
103 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
A comparison of surgical training with live anesthetized dogs and cadavers.
Carpenter, L.G.; Piermattei, D.L.; Salman, N.D.; Orton, E.C.; Nelson, A.W.;
Smeak, D.D.; Jennings, P.B. Jr; Taylor, R.A.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1991 Nov.
Veterinary surgery v. 20 (6): p. 373-378; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Surgical operations; Training; Cadavers
104 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Comparison of the clinical utility of medetomidine/ketamine and
xylazine/ketamine combinations for the ovariectomy of cats.
Verstegen, J.; Fargetton, X.; Donnay, I.; Ectors, F.
London : The Association; 1990 Oct27.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 127
(17): p. 424-426; 1990 Oct27. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Ovariectomy; Ketamine; Xylazine; Analgesics; Anesthesia;
Drug combinations; Adverse effects; Duration; Dosage
105 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R3224
Comparison of the efficacy of three premedicants administered to cats.
Dyson, D.H.; Pascoe, P.J.; Honeyman, V.; Rahn, J.E.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Jul.
The Canadian veterinary journal v. 33 (7): p. 462-464; 1992 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Preanesthetic medication; Drug combinations; Drug effects;
Anesthesia; Heart rate; Respiration rate; Catheters
106 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Comparison of the hemodynamic effects of halothane alone and halothane
combined with epidurally administered morphine for anesthesia in ventilated
dogs.
Valverde, A.; Dyson, D.H.; Cockshutt, J.R.; McDonell, W.N.; Valliant, A.E.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Mar.
American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (3): p. 505-509; 1991 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Halothane; Morphine; Hemodynamics; Drug
combinations
Abstract: The hemodynamic effects of 1.5 minimal alveolar concentration of
halothane alone (1.6% end-tidal) and 1.5 minimal alveolar concentration of
halothane (1.1% end-tidal concentration) combined with epidurally administered
morphine were compared during controlled ventilation in 10 dogs used on 2
occasions and randomly allocated to 2 groups. Arterial blood pressure, cardiac
index, stroke volume, left ventricular work, and pulmonary arterial pressure
were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in dogs of the morphine-treated group
before administration of morphine. After epidural administration of morphine
(0.1 mg/kg of body weight diluted in 0.26 ml of saline solution/kg),
hemodynamic changes were not observed, and the aforementioned variables
remained significantly (P < 0.05) higher than values in dogs of the halothane
only group. Compared with halothane (1.6%) alone, the reduction in halothane
end-tidal concentration (1.1%) associated with epidurally administered
morphine is beneficial in maintaining hemodynamic function.
107 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Comparison of the postoperative analgesic and sedative effects of carprofen
and papaveretum in the dog.
Nolan, A.; Reid, J.
London : The British Veterinary Association; 1993 Sep04.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 133
(10): p. 240-242; 1993 Sep04. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents; Opioids
108 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292
A comparison of the postoperative analgesic and sedative effects of flunixin
and papaveretum in the dog.
Reid, J.; Nolan, A.M.
London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1991 Dec.
The Journal of small animal practice v. 32 (12): p. 603-608; 1991 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Flunixin; Analgesics; Anesthesia; Pain; Drug effects
109 NAL Call. No.: SF901.V47
A comparison of three local anaesthetic techniques for skin biopsy in dogs.
Henfrey, J.I.; Thoday, K.L.; Head, K.W.
Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergammon Press, Inc; 1991.
Veterinary dermatology v. 2 (1): p. 21-27; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Local anesthesia; Lidocaine; Epinephrine; Cutaneous
application; Local anesthetics; Skin; Biopsy; Adverse effects; Artefacts
110 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Comparison of xylazine with tiletamine-zolazepam (Telazol) and
xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in rabbits.
Popilskis, S.J.; Oz, M.C.; Gorman, P.; Florestal, A.; Kohn, D.F.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Jan.
Laboratory animal science v. 41 (1): p. 51-53; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthesia; Xylazine; Anesthetics; Drug combinations;
Ketamine
Abstract: Although widely used to provide short term anesthesia,
ketamine-xylazine does not always produce satisfactory anesthesia. We compared
the efficacy of ketamine-xylazine to tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine for
producing surgical anesthesia in rabbits. Four of six rabbits receiving
ketamine-xylazine and all of the 12 animals given
tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine were anesthetized successfully. The mean
surgical anesthesia time in the ketamine-xylazine group was 35 +/- 6 minutes
as compared to the tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine group, 72 +/- 8 minutes (p <
0.05). There was no significant difference in the interval between the
injection of the different anesthetic mixtures and the loss of either the
righting reflex, the jaw reflex or the toe web pinch reflex. Respiratory rates
and arterial oxygen partial pressure were higher in the ketamine-xylazine
group (p < 0.05). However, in both groups arterial blood pressure and arterial
PO2 were lowered, while arterial PCO2 was elevated. No nephrotoxicity
occurred. Tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine provides effective surgical anesthesia
in rabbits and in many cases may be preferable to conventional
ketamine-xylazine regimen.
111 NAL Call. No.: QL785.A725
Conditioned inhibition of analgesia.
Wiertelak, E.P.; Watkins, L.R.; Maier, S.F.
Austin, Tex. : Psychonomic Society; 1992 Nov.
Animal learning & behavior v. 20 (4): p. 339-349; 1992 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pain; Rats
Abstract: Stimuli that predict the occurrence of aversive events come to
elicit conditioned analgesia. Experiments 1A and 1B examined the possibility
that conditioning can inhibit analgesia when stimuli are paired in a backward
fashion with a shock US (Pavlovian CS-s). Analgesia conditioned in response to
shock context exposure was reversed during the CS- (light) presentation after
four sessions. The ability of the CS- to function as a conditioned inhibitor
of analgesia was then evaluated in both summation (Experiment 1A) and
retardation-of-acquisition testing (Experiments 1A and 1B). The results
support the conclusion that a stimulus presented after shock in a backward
fashion comes to be a conditioned inhibitor of analgesia. Experiments 2A and
2B examined the assumption that the results obtained with our pain sensitivity
measure (tailflicking in response to radiant heat) reflect changes in
responsiveness to painful input, rather than a general motor inhibition or
general insensitivity to sensory input. In Experiment 2A, tailflick responding
to painful and nonpainful input was compared in animals receiving either
morphine or saline. In Experiment 2B, tailflick responding to painful and
nonpainful input to the tail was compared in both the shock and a neutral
context. in both experiments, only the painful input yielded changes in
responsivity. The results support the conclusion that the alterations in pain
sensitivity produced by the CS- for shock represents a conditioned inhibition
specific to pain.
112 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Development of an opiate-based anaesthetic technique for use in dogs with
cardiomyopathy.
Williamson, H.A.; Cumming, D.V.E.; Cobb, M.A.; Pattison, C.W.; Yacoub, M.H.;
Clayton Jones, D.G.
London : The Association; 1991 Nov02.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 129
(18): p. 398-400; 1991 Nov02. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Fentanyl; Halothane; Nitrous oxide;
Cardiomyopathy; Safety
113 NAL Call. No.: RB127.P34
Differentiating analgesic and non-analgesic drug activities on rat hot plate:
effect of behavioral endpoint.
Carter, R.B.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1991 Nov.
Pain : the journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain v.
47 (2): p. 211-220; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Analgesics; Assays; Animal behavior
114 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1X4
Distribution in female rats of an anaesthetic intravenous dose of
14C-propofol.
Simons, P.J.; Cockshott, I.D.; Douglas, E.J.; Gordon, E.A.; Knott, S.; Ruane,
R.J.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Oct.
Xenobiotica v. 21 (10): p. 1325-1335; 1991 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Intravenous injection; Pharmacokinetics; Animal tissues;
Distribution; Females; Rats
Abstract: 1. Bolus i.v. doses of 14C-propofol (9 mg/kg) were administered to
female rats for measurement of tissue levels of total 14C and propofol from 2
min to 24 h post-dose; wholebody autoradiography was studied at 6 min, 2 h and
24 h post-dose, and also involved 15-day pregnant rats. 2. The blood propofol
concentration-time profile was fitted by a tri-exponential function
corresponding to a three-compartment open model. Data show rapid distribution
during the mixing period into highly perfused tissues and muscle, comprising
the central compartment, and slower uptake into less well-perfused skin and
adipose tissues comprising the deeper compartments. 3. The initial decline in
blood propofol concentration was associated with redistribution (t(1/2) 4
min), the second decline (15-240 min post-dose) was associated with metabolism
(t(1/2) 33 min) and the third decline reflected slow depletion of drug from
deep tissue compartments (t(1/2) 6.4 h). 4. Blood and brain propofol
concentrations on waking (at 7 min post-dose) were 4 micrograms/ml and 9
micrograms/g respectively; the model shows that, at this time, 30% of the dose
was lost from the central compartment by redistribution and a similar amount
by metabolism. 5. Tissue profiles of total 14C and propofol diverged for
highly perfused tissues (other than brain) because of slow clearance of
metabolites, accentuated by enterohepatic recirculation.
115 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Distribution of material injected intramuscularly in dogs.
Autefage, A.; Fayolle, P.; Toutain, P.L.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Jun.
American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (6): p. 901-904. ill; 1990 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Radioactive iodine; Intramuscular injection; Muscles;
Distribution; Pharmacokinetics
Abstract: A radiopaque marker was injected, using needles of various lengths,
into the cervical musculature, the lumbar epaxial musculature, and the cranial
and caudal muscular masses of the thighs of anesthetized dogs. After this
procedure, the dogs were euthanatized and deep-frozen. The bodies were then
sectioned, and the slices were radiographed to determine the fate of the
injected material. Material that was injected into the neck or caudal region
of the thigh was determined to be located in the muscle bellies or dispensed
throughout the intermuscular fascial sheaths. In contrast, material injected
into the lumbar area and cranial region of the thigh was located entirely in
the muscle bellies. It was concluded that the best sites for injection in dogs
are the lumbar epaxial musculature or the quadriceps femoris muscle when IM
administration is imperative.
116 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33
Dorsal metatarsal, penile, and sublingual vein injections of anesthetized rats
using a simplified inhalation anesthetic.
Martinic, G.; Taylor, J.
New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1993 Jan.
Lab animal v. 22 (1): p. 38-44; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Anesthesia
117 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Dose response to butorphanol administered subcutaneously to increase visceral
nociceptive threshold in dogs.
Sawyer, D.C.; Rech, R.H.; Durham, R.A.; Adams, T.; Richter, M.A.; Striler,
E.L.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Nov.
American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (11): p. 1826-1830; 1991 Nov.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Pain; Subcutaneous injection; Dosage; Dosage
effects
Abstract: Butorphanol (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg of body
weight, and placebo) was given sc to 8 healthy unmedicated dogs to determine
its efficacy for visceral analgesia, using a colonic balloon for minimal
threshold nociceptor stimulation. Degree of sedation; systolic, diastolic, and
mean arterial pressure; and pulse rate were recorded. The highest 3 dosages,
0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg, were found to be most effective, with 0.8 mg/kg the
only dosage that was significantly different from control responses at the
45-minute interval. Duration of analgesia ranged from 23 to 53 minutes for all
6 dosages and dosing durations were not significantly different from one
another. Blood pressures did not change, but pulse rate was significantly
decreased by 0.8 mg of butorphanol/kg. We concluded that butorphanol is an
effective visceral analgesic of relatively short duration in the dog.
118 NAL Call. No.: 442.9 SO1
Dose-response of intravenous butorphanol to increase visceral nociceptive
threshold in dogs.
Houghton, K.J.; Rech, R.H.; Sawyer, D.C.; Durham, R.A.; Adams, T.; Langham,
M.A.; Striler, E.L.
Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1991 Jul.
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine v. 197 (3):
p. 290-296; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Dosage; Dosage effects; Duration; Blood
pressure; Pulse rate; Intravenous injection
Abstract: This study was designed to determine the effective analgesic dose
of butorphanol administered intravenously to obtund visceral nociception, as
well as to determine duration of this effect. Additionally, cardiovascular
changes and sedative effects were defined. Eight healthy dogs were each given
five doses of butorphanol (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg) plus a
sterile water placebo intravenously in a randomized blinded format.
Antinociception was assessed using an inflatable Silastic balloon inserted
into the colon. Blood pressures and pulse rates were measured with a
noninvasive monitor. The greatest efficacy and longest duration of
antinociception were produced by 0.4 mg/kg of butorphanol, with a duration of
38 +/- 9 min. Arterial blood pressure and pulse rate did not vary at
antinociceptive doses. Mild sedation was observed at all doses, which
generally lasted longer than the antinociceptive effects. These data suggest
that butorphanol can be given alone intravenously to provide visceral
antinociception lasting 30-45 min without significant side effects.
119 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Drug therapy in cats: a therapeutic category approach.
Boothe, D.M.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1990 May15.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 196 (10): p.
1659-1669; 1990 May15. Third of a series. Literature review. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cat; Drug therapy; Antiinfective agents; Analgesics;
Antihistaminics; Antiinflammatory agents; Hormones; Anthelmintics; Drugs
120 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Duration of etomidate-induced adrenocortical suppression during surgery in
dogs.
Dodam, J.R.; Kruse-Elliott, K.T.; Aucoin, D.P.; Swanson, C.R.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 May.
American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (5): p. 786-788; 1990 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Surgical operations;
Corticotrophin
Abstract: Plasma cortisol concentrations were compared in canine surgical
patients given etomidate (2 mg/kg of body weight, IV) or thiopental sodium (12
mg/kg, IV) for anesthetic induction. Blood samples to determine plasma
concentrations of etomidate were obtained at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes and
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after induction. Adrenocortical function
was evaluated before surgery by use of adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation
tests. Dogs in both induction groups had high plasma cortisol concentrations
after induction. Dogs given thiopental had a significant increase (P < 0.05)
in plasma cortisol concentration from baseline at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12
hours after induction. Dogs given etomidate had a significant increase (P <
0.05) in plasma cortisol concentration from baseline at 5, 6, and 8 hours
after induction. A comparison of plasma cortisol concentrations determined at
2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours after induction with thiopental or etomidate revealed
a higher (P < 0.05) concentration in dogs given thiopental. The disposition of
etomidate was best described by a 2-compartment model, with a redistribution
half-life of 0.12 +/- 0.04 minute and a terminal half-life of 1.70 +/- 0.27
minute. Plasma cortisol concentrations did not correlate with plasma etomidate
concentrations. We conclude that, compared with thiopental, a single bolus
injection of etomidate reduces the adrenocortical response to anesthesia and
surgery from 2 to 6 hours after induction. Because cortisol concentrations
were significantly higher than baseline, and because cardiopulmonary function
is maintained after a single bolus injection of etomidate, it can be
considered a safe induction agent in dogs.
121 NAL Call. No.: QP1.P4
Effect of a high-fat diet on firing rate of sympathetic nerves innervating
brown adipose tissue in anesthetized rats.
Sakaguchi, T.; Arase, K.; Fisler, J.S.; Bray, G.A.
Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1989 Jun.
Physiology & behavior v. 45 (6): p. 1177-1182; 1989 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Anesthesia; Source fat; Sympathetic nervous system; Brown
fat; Obesity
122 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A5
The effect of acepromazine maleate on the anesthetic potency of halothane and
isoflurane.
Webb, A.I.; O'Brien, J.M.
Golden, Colo. : The Association; 1988 Nov.
The Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association v. 24 (6): p. 609-613;
1988 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Promazine; Halothane; Anesthetics; Dosage effect;
Intramuscular injection
123 NAL Call. No.: 41.9 AM37
The effect of anesthesia on the radiographic appearance of the coxofemoral
joints.
Aronson, E.; Kraus, K.H.; Smith, J.
Raleigh, N.C. : American College of Veterinary Radiology; 1991 Jan.
Veterinary radiology v. 32 (1): p. 2-5. ill; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Radiography; Hips; Hip dysplasia; Anesthesia; Joints
(animal); Classification
124 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Effect of bleeding site on clinical laboratory testing of rats: orbital venous
plexus versus posterior vena cava.
Dameron, G.W.; Weingand, K.W.; Duderstadt, J.M.; Odioso, L.W.; Dierkman, T.A.;
Schwecke, W.; Baran, K.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Jun.
Laboratory animal science v. 42 (3): p. 299-301; 1992 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Blood sampling; Vena cava; Veins; Laboratory tests; Blood
chemistry; Hematology; Blood coagulation
Abstract: We sought to determine if there were any, differences in the
results of clinical laboratory tests between blood samples collected from the
orbital venous plexus and the posterior vena cava of adult male rats. Thirty
healthy adult male Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized by ether inhalation,
and blood samples were collected successively from the orbital venous plexus
(OVP) and the posterior vena cava (PVC) for hematologic (n = 10), serum
chemistry (n = 10), and coagulation (n = 10) analyses. The prothrombin and
partial thromboplastin times of samples from the OVP were prolonged (17% and
288%, respectively) when compared with samples from the PVC. Respective
hematologic biases were as follows: red blood cell count (7%), hemoglobin
(6%), hematocrit (5%), mean corpuscular volume (-3%), mean corpuscular
hemoglobin (-1%), mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (1%), white blood cell
count (13%), and platelet count (-7%). Respective serum chemistry biases were
as follows: sorbitol dehydrogenase (-7%), glucose (-7%), blood urea nitrogen
(-10%), creatinine (-2%), total protein (4%), albumin (2%), globulin (9%),
alkaline phosphatase (5%), lactate dehydrogenase (-6%), aspartate
aminotransferase (-5%), alanine aminotransferase (-2%), total bilirubin (0%),
direct bilirubin (0%), magnesium (-17%), sodium (4%), potassium (0), chloride
(4%), calcium (-2%), phosphorous (-17%), cholesterol (3%), triglycerides
(24%), creatinine kinase (-8%), 5'nucleotidase (0%), and total bile acids
(4%). For hematologic testing, there were no biologically significant
differences between samples collected from the OVP and PVC. The coagulation
times and serum Mg and P showed biologically significant differences between
samples collected from the OVP and PVC. We recommend that coagulation times
not be measured on plasma samples collected from the OVP.
125 NAL Call. No.: SF724.T72
Effect of chloramphenicol on duration of xylazine/pentobarbitone anaesthesia
in dogs.
Adetunji, A.; Adewumi, J.O.A.
Ibadan, Nigeria : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan; 1990.
Tropical veterinarian v. 8 (3/4): p. 149-155; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia
126 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effect of gentamicin administration on the neuromuscular blockade induced by
atracurium in cats.
Forsyth, S.F.; Ilkiw, J.E.; Hildebrand, S.V.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Oct.
American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (10): p. 1675-1678; 1990 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Gentamicin; Muscle relaxants; Anesthetics; Recovery; Drug
combinations
Abstract: Atracurium besylate, a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking
agent, was administered as an infusion to 8 anesthetized cats in which
neuromuscular blockade was assessed, using the train-of-four response. Once
50% depression of the first-twitch (T1) response was achieved, the infusion
was held constant for 60 minutes before being discontinued and the recovery
time was determined. The time for recovery was recorded as the time for the
train-of-four ratio (T4 ratio) to increase from 50% to 75%. After recovery,
atracurium infusion was reinstituted and the cats were again maintained for 60
minutes at 50% depression. A single bolus of gentamicin sulfate (2.0 mg/kg of
body weight) was administered IV, and the infusion was continued for another
60 minutes before it was discontinued and the time for recovery was recorded.
Within 1 minute of gentamicin administration, the mean +/= SD T1 response
decreased from 49 +/- 5% to 33 +/- 8% of baseline and the T4 ratio decreased
from 28 +/- 19% to 14 +/- 11%. Peak effect occurred at 5 minutes, with a T1
response of 29 +/- 6% of baseline and a T4 ratio of 13 +/- 12%. By 60 minutes
after gentamicin administration, the T1 response had increased to 38 +/- 7% of
baseline and the T4 ratio had increased to 21 +/- 13%. The time for recovery
significantly (P less than 0.03) increased from 9.9 +/- 3.4 minutes during the
control study to 18.1 +/- 10.7 minutes during the gentamicin study. In this
study, gentamicin potentiated the neuromuscular blockade induced by atracurium
and increased the recovery time. Residual blockade, observed after gentamicin
administration was reversed with edrophonium.
127 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effect of midazolam preanesthetic administration on thiamylal induction
requirement in dogs.
Tranquilli, W.J.; Graning, L.M.; Thurmon, J.C.; Benson, G.J.; Moum, S.G.;
Lentz, E.L.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 May.
American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (5): p. 662-664; 1991 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Preanesthetic medication; Anesthetics; Dosage;
Requirements; Tubes; Trachea
Abstract: The thiamylal sparing effect of midazolam was studied in 30 healthy
Beagle and mixed-breed dogs. Using a replicated Latin square design, all dogs
were given placebo (saline solution) and 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg of
midazolam/kg of body weight prior to IV administration of thiamylal sodium.
The 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg dosages significantly decreased the amount of thiamylal
required to obtund swallowing reflex and easily achieve endotracheal
intubation. Midazolam at 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg reduced thiamylal requirement by
16.4% and 18.9%, respectively, whereas the 0.05 mg/kg dosage decreased
thiamylal requirement by only 6.8%. The 0.2 mg/kg dosage did not further
decrease thiamylal requirement beyond that achieved with the 0.1 mg/kg dosage
of midazolam. This study demonstrates that the preanesthetic IV administration
of midazolam reduces the thiamylal dose necessary to accomplish intubation.
The optimal preanesthetic dosage (lowest dosage with significant effect) was
0.1 mg/kg.
128 NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987
Effect of morphinomimetics in different pain tests.
Dhasmana, K.M.; Banerjee, A.K.; Rating, W.
Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988.
New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal
science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5
June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 437-442;
1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Pain; Tests; Morphine; Drug effects
129 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
The effect of mouse euthanasia technique on subsequent lymphocyte
proliferation and cell mediated lympholysis assays.
Howard, H.L.; McLaughlin-Taylor, E.; Hill, R.L.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Sep.
Laboratory animal science v. 40 (5): p. 510-514; 1990 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Euthanasia; Lymphocyte transformation; Cytotoxic t
lymphocytes; Methoxyflurane; Pentobarbital; Carbon dioxide; Halothane;
Dislocations
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects that
specific euthanasia methods have on mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation
(LP) and the induction of alloantigen specific cytolytic T-lymphocytes (CTL).
Mice were euthanatized by cervical dislocation (CD), or anesthesia with
methoxyflurane or pentobarbital followed by CD (M-CD or P-CD respectively),
CO2 overexposure (CO2-OD) or halothane overexposure (H-OD). Mitogenic
lymphoproliferation was increased in cells derived from mice euthanatized by
M-CD and P-CD. In contrast, the cytolytic profile of CTL derived from mice
euthanatized by P-CD, CO2-OD and H-OD was decreased. The results of this study
show that euthanasia techniques involving the use of methoxyflurane,
pentobarbital, CO2 and halothane affect in vitro lymphoproliferation and CTL
function. We conclude that the method of euthanasia influences certain
immunologic parameters and selection of a particular technique should be given
careful consideration.
130 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Effect of posture and anaesthesia on the distribution of pulmonary perfusion
and lung configuration in beagle dogs.
Clercx, C.; Brom, W.E. van den; Vries, H.W. de
London : British Veterinary Association; 1989 Nov.
Research in veterinary science v. 47 (3): p. 359-366. ill; 1989 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Posture; Anesthesia; Lungs; Ratios; Blood flow
131 NAL Call. No.: SF774.C5
Effect of posture and anesthesia on the distribution of pulmonary perfusion
and the lung configuration in dogs.
Clercx, C.; Brom, W.E. van den; Vries, H.W. de
S.l. : s.n., 1988? :.; 1988.
Scintigraphical analyses of pulmonary function in dogs; Scintigrafische
longfunktie analyse bij de hond; Analyses scintigraphiques de la function
pulmonaire chez le chien / door Cecile Clercx. p. 52-66. ill; 1988. Dutch and
French Summaries on pages 141-149. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Radiorespirometry; Blood circulation; Radiography; Posture;
Anesthesia; Lungs
132 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222
The effect of pre-ovulatory anaesthesia on ovulation in laparoscopically
inseminated domestic cats.
Howard, J.G.; Barone, M.A.; Donoghue, A.M.; Wildt, D.E.
Colchester : The Journal; 1992 Sep.
Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 96 (1): p. 175-186; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Intrauterine insemination; Ovulation; Laparoscopy;
Anesthesia; Preovulatory period; Pmsg; Hcg; Pregnancy; Conception rate;
Embryonic development
133 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292
Effect of thiopentone and propofol on lower oesophageal sphnicter and barrier
pressure in the dog.
Waterman, A.E.; Hashim, M.A.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1992 Nov.
The Journal of small animal practice v. 33 (11): p. 530-533; 1992 Nov.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Thiopental; Injectable anesthetics; Anesthesia; Esophageal
sphincter; Internal pressure; Preanesthetic medication
134 NAL Call. No.: SF901.V47
The effect of tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesis on the response to intradermally
injected histamine in cats.
Mueller, R.S.; Ihrke, P.J.; Kass, P.H.; Bettenay, S.V.
Oxford, U.K. : Pergammon Press, Inc; 1991.
Veterinary dermatology v. 2 (3/4): p. 119-123; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Anesthesia; Histamine; Injection
135 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A47
Effect of yohimbine on xylazine-induced diuresis in rats.
Mohammad, F.K.; Ahmed, F.A.; Al-Kassim, N.A.H.
Manhattan, Kan. : American Academy of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology;
1989 Feb.
Veterinary and human toxicology v. 31 (1): p. 13-15; 1989 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Xylazine; Diuresis; Drug antagonism; Anesthetics; Rats
136 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
An effective combination of anaesthetics for 6-h experimentation in the golden
Syrian hamster.
Reid, W.D.; Davies, C.; Pare, P.D.; Pardy, R.L.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Apr.
Laboratory animals v. 23 (2): p. 156-162; 1989 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Golden hamster; Anesthetics; Drug combinations; Pentobarbital;
Urethane; Chloralose; Anesthesia
Abstract: The anaesthetics described for use in hamsters to date are suitable
for the perfomance of short-term experimentation. However, an anaesthetic
regimen was required which would provide a stable preparation for 6 h and
hence, a suitable combination was developed. In the first set of experiments,
the effect of anaesthetics (chloralose, urethane, and pentobarbital) were
examined alone and in combination on arterial blood measurements. In the
second set of experiments the effect of the combination of anaesthetics on
arterial blood measurements and minute ventilation was examined for up to 6 h.
Chloralose, urethane and pentobarbital when used alone in the hamster were
considered inadequate for our needs. Chloralose did not produce adequate
surgical anaesthesia whereas urethane and pentobarbital resulted in marked
respiratory depression. Urethane also produced a trend toward metabolic
acidosis. In contrast, the combination of agents resulted in surgical
anaesthesia and the arterial blood measurements were adequate. Further, the
use of the combination of anaesthetics in hamsters resulted in a stable
preparation where arterial blood measurements and minute ventilation were
maintained in a good range for up to 6 h. The combination of chloralose,
urethane and sodium pentobarbital in hamsters should prove useful in long-term
non-recovery experimentation which requires early surgical intervention,
minimal respiratory depression and an even depth of anaesthesia.
137 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Effects of acepromazine, pethidine and atropine premedication on lower
oesophageal sphincter pressure and barrier pressure in anaesthetised cats.
Hashim, M.A.; Waterman, A.E.
London : The British Veterinary Association; 1993 Aug14.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 133
(7): p. 158-160; 1993 Aug14. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Preanesthetic medication; Esophageal sphincter
138 NAL Call. No.: 450 P697
Effects of agarwood extracts on the central nervous system in mice.
Okugawa, H.; Ueda, R.; Matsumoto, K.; Kawanishi, K.; Kato, A.
Stuttgart, W. Ger. : Georg Thieme Verlag; 1993 Feb.
Planta medica v. 59 (1): p. 32-36; 1993 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Aquilaria; Plant extracts; Mice; Central nervous system;
Analgesics
139 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Effects of amitraz on nerve conduction and neuromuscular transmission in
anaesthetised dogs.
Cullen, L.K.; Reynoldson, J.A.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1990 Mar.
Research in veterinary science v. 48 (2): p. 162-164; 1990 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Amitraz; Ataxia; Adverse effects; Neurons; Conductivity;
Velocity; Transmission
140 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate on esophageal, gastric, and tracheal pH
in anesthetized dogs.
Roush, J.K.; Keene, B.W.; Eicker, S.W.; Bjorling, D.E.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1990 Jan.
Veterinary surgery v. 19 (1): p. 88-92. ill; 1990 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Preanesthetic medication; Atropine; Ph; Esophagus; Stomach;
Trachea; Heart rate; Anesthesia; Respiration rate
141 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
The effects of buprenorphine, nalbuphine and butorphanol alone or following
halothane anaesthesia on food and water consumption and locomotor movement in
rats.
Liles, J.H.; Flecknell, P.A.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Jul.
Laboratory animals v. 26 (3): p. 180-189; 1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Anesthesia; Halothane; Analgesics; Locomotion; Food
consumption; Water intake; Pain
Abstract: Locomotor activity and food and water consumption are potentially
indices of post-operative pain in laboratory rodents, but it is important to
establish whether these variables are directly affected by opioid analgesics
or by halothane anaesthesia in normal rats. The effects of three opioids,
buprenorphine, nalbuphine and butorphanol administered alone or following
halothane anaesthesia, were studied in groups of normal non-operated adult
Wistar rats. All 3 analgesics affected food intake and activity levels, but
had little or no effect on water intake. Buprenorphine caused a significant
elevation of activity levels and a reduction in food intake at clinical doses
(0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg s/c. Nalbuphine (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg s/c) caused a
reduction in food intake but had a smaller stimulatory effect on locomotion.
Butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg s/c) caused a reduction in food intake and elevation in
activity. These results suggest that water consumption is likely to be a more
reliable variable to use when assessing post-operative pain and the efficacy
of analgesics in rats.
142 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A47
Effects of chloramphenical, cimetidine and phenobarbital on and tolerance to
xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in dogs.
Nossaman, B.C.; Amouzadeh, H.R.; Sangiah, S.
Manhattan, Kan. : American Academy of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology;
1990 Jun.
Veterinary and human toxicology v. 32 (3): p. 216-219; 1990 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Xylazine; Ketamine; Chloramphenicol;
Cimetidine; Phenobarbital; Tolerances
143 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
The effects of different anaesthetic agents on the estimation of uterine
vascular permeability in mice.
Milligan, S.R.; Edwards, C.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1988 Oct.
Laboratory animals v. 22 (4): p. 343-346; 1988 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Uterus; Anesthetics; Injections; Permeability; Blood
vessels
Abstract: Vascular permeability in the uterus and other tissues of mice was
assessed using the accumulation of 125I-human serum albumin 30 min after its
intravenous injection. The anaesthetic agent employed for the 125I-albumin
injection differentially affected the estimates of vascular permeability:
intraperitoneal (i.p.) tribromoethanol of pentobarbitone sodium produced
significantly higher values for the uterus and body wall than ether. The i.p.
administration of either Saffan or pentobarbitone sodium reduced estimates of
vascular permeability in the duodenum. These results emphasize the importance
of the choosing a suitable anaesthetic agent in vascular studies of the uterus
and other abdominal tissues.
144 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Effects of isoflurane anesthesia on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in
Yucatan minipigs.
Laber-Laird, K.; Smith, A.; Swindle, M.M.; Colwell, J.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Dec.
Laboratory animal science v. 42 (6): p. 579-581; 1992 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Miniature pigs; Inhaled anesthetics
Abstract: Isoflurane's effect on intravenous glucose tolerance and insulin
secretion was studied in six Yucatan minipigs. Unanesthetized animals, with
previously placed indwelling venous catheters, were tested while resting
comfortably in slings. The same animals were then retested during isoflurane
anesthesia. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at
predetermined times in response to an intravenous bolus of dextrose. The
glucose disappearance rate (k), baseline plasma insulin concentration, the
area under the insulin response curve, and the insulinogenic index were
significantly lower in the anesthetized animals than in controls. The results
of this study indicate that anesthesia with isoflurane significantly alters
the glucose/insulin response to an intravenous glucose tolerance test and,
therefore, is unsuitable for studies when glucose tolerance is to be assessed.
145 NAL Call. No.: 450 Q22
Effects of Jasminum officinale flowers on the central nervous system of the
mouse.
Elisha, E.E.; Al-Maliki, S.J.; Ibrahem, D.K.
Lisse : Swets & Zeitlinger; 1988 Dec.
International journal of crude drug research v. 26 (4): p. 221-227; 1988 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iraq; Jasminum officinale; Medicinal plants; Flowers; Plant
extracts; Medicinal properties; Neurophysiology; Central nervous system;
Aggressive behavior; Toxicity; Anesthesia; Convulsions; Inhibition; Mice
146 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effects of mechanical and pharmacologic manipulations on portal pressure,
central venous pressure, and heart rate in dogs.
Swalec, K.M.; Smeak, D.D.; Brown, J.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Aug.
American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (8): p. 1327-1335; 1991 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Internal pressure; Cardiovascular system; Heart rate;
Surgery; Catheters; Portal vein; Blockage; Anesthesia; Bandages;
Consciousness; Correlation; Propranolol
Abstract: Central venous pressure (CVP), portal pressure (PP), and heart rate
(HR) were monitored in 6 female, sexually intact, middle-age Beagles during
temporary portal vein obstruction, anesthetic recovery, abdominal bandaging,
and propranolol administration. Intraoperative baseline PP was 7.3 mm of Hg
(+/- 1.7 SD). Portal pressure was significantly increased throughout portal
vein occlusion, but returned to baseline values 2 minutes after release of the
ligature. Central venous pressure was significantly decreased throughout
portal vein occlusion, but did not differ significantly from baseline values 3
minutes after release of the portal vein ligature. Portal pressure increased
significantly (8 +/- 3.3 mm of Hg) over baseline values after application of
an abdominal bandage; however, CVP did not change significantly. During
postoperative monitoring, CVP and PP did not change significantly from
respective 18-hour mean postoperative values in resting dogs. At 60 and 75
minutes after surgery, heart rate was significantly increased over the 18-hour
mean. Portal pressure and CVP, respectively, were significantly increased over
intraoperative baseline values in the first hour and the first 8 hours after
surgery. Postoperative CVP and HR were significantly correlated. Individual
measurements of PP in dogs that were abdominal pressing during barking or
defecation were significantly increased (9 +/- 3 mm of Hg) above measurements
taken after cessation of abdominal press. Portal pressure measurements in
standing dogs decreased 7.5 +/- 2 mm of Hg, compared with measurements of the
same dog in lateral recumbency. Central venous pressure was inaccurate in dogs
performing abdominal press. Portal pressure did not decrease significantly
from baseline after injection of propranolol (2 mg/kg, IV). Central venous
pressure was significantly decreased at 2.5 and 3.0 hours after propranolol
injection, and HR was significantly decreased from 1 to 3.5 hours after
injection. Heart rate quickly
147 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Effects of pentobarbital and ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia on somatosensory,
brainstem auditory and peripheral sensory-motor responses in the rat.
Goss-Sampson, M.A.; Kriss, A.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1991 Oct.
Laboratory animals v. 25 (4): p. 360-366; 1991 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Anesthesia; Pentobarbital; Ketamine; Xylazine; Drug
combinations; Bioelectric potential; Brain stem; Peripheral nerves;
Electrophysiology
Abstract: Somatosensory, brainstem auditory evoked and peripheral
sensory-motor responses were recorded in rats anaesthetized with either
pentobarbital or a ketamine-xylazine combination. This was carried out in
order to assess which of these agents degraded responses to a lesser extent
and thus would be more suitable for monitoring experimental effects. Neither
of the anaesthetic agents affected peripheral sensory or motor conduction, nor
were there any interpeak latency changes of the early components of the
brainstem auditory response. However, pentobarbital anaesthesia resulted in an
increase in latency of the initial positive component of the somatosensory
cortical evoked potential and attenuation of the following negative component.
During the recovery stages of ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia the longer latency
evoked potential components were observed to emerge.
148 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
The effects of prolonged ketamine-xylazine intravenous infusion on arterial
blood pH, blood gases, mean arterial blood pressure, heart and respiratory
rates, rectal temperature and reflexes in the rabbit.
Wyatt, J.D.; Scott, R.A.W.; Richardson, M.E.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989 Sep.
Laboratory animal science v. 39 (5): p. 411-416; 1989 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Veins; Injections; Ketamine; Xylazine; Arteries; Blood
ph; Gases; Blood pressure; Heart rate; Rectum; Temperatures; Reflexes
Abstract: The prolonged and safe maintenance of general anesthesia in rabbits
with commonly used injectable agents is difficult. Protracted, stable
anesthesia with short recovery time has been described in humans using
continuous intravenous infusion of ketamine with or without sedatives, muscle
relaxants and paralytics. This study evaluated the anesthetic plane achieved
and respiratory and cardiovascular effects produced with a ketamine-xylazine
intravenous infusion in New Zealand White rabbits. Ten female rabbits were
anesthetized with intramuscularly administered ketamine hydrochloride (35
mg/kg) and xylazine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg) after the preanesthetic, baseline
measurements of arterial blood pO2, pCO2 and pH and heart and respiratory
rates were recorded. The above parameters as well as mean arterial blood
pressure, righting, palpebral, pedal, and jaw reflexes were monitored ten
minutes after the intramuscularly administered dosage and throughout 4 hours
of infusion. Results showed moderate hypotension (21.2% deviation from normal,
p less than 0.008) and profound hypoxemia (45% deviation from baseline, p less
than 0.001) 10 minutes after the intramuscularly administered induction
dosage. Then, the 4 hour infusion of ketamine (1 mg/minute) and xylazine (0.1
mg/minute) was started. Hypotension progressed (49.1% deviation from normal, p
less than 0.008), but hypoxemia and hypercarbemia gradually improved with no
resultant change (p greater than 0.1) in arterial pH. There was no significant
change (p greater than 0.1) in respiratory rate but varying qualities of
respiration were observed. Both mean arterial pO2 and pCO2 values returned to
baseline within 20 minutes after completion of infusion. Heart rate and rectal
temperature remained stable during the trial. The righting reflex was
abolished in all rabbits throughout the study. The other reflexes that were
lost initially slowly returned to most rabbits by the end of infusion. It was
concluded that ketamine-xylazine co
149 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Effects of sedation of intradermal skin testing in flea-allergic dogs.
Beale, K.M.; Kunkle, G.A.; Chalker, L.; Cannon, R.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1990 Jan01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 197 (7): p. 861-864;
1990 Jan01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Xylazine; Ketamine; Neuroleptics; Analgesics; Skin tests;
Histamine; Allergies; Siphonaptera; Hypersensitivity
150 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A47
Effects of some hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers and inhibitors on
xylazine-ketamine anesthesia.
Amouzadeh, H.R.; Sangiah, S.; Qualls, C.W. Jr
Manhattan, Kan. : American Academy of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology;
1989 Dec.
Veterinary and human toxicology v. 31 (6): p. 532-534. ill; 1989 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Anesthesia; Xylazine; Ketamine; Enzymes; Inhibitors; Rats;
Adverse effects
151 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A47
Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on xylazine-ketamine anesthesia.
Amouzadeh, H.R.; Sangiah, S.
Manhattan, Kan. : American Academy of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology;
1990 Feb.
Veterinary and human toxicology v. 32 (1): p. 19-22; 1990 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Xylazine; Ketamine; Anesthesia; Diabetes; Insulin; Rats; Blood
glucose
152 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
The effects of surgical procedures, halothane anaesthesia and nalbuphine on
locomotor activity and food and water consumption in rats.
Flecknell, P.A.; Liles, J.H.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1991 Jan.
Laboratory animals v. 25 (1): p. 50-60; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Surgery; Anesthesia; Halothane; Opium; Feed intake; Water
intake; Locomotion
Abstract: A study was undertaken to investigate the effects of surgical
procedures on food and water intake and spontaneous locomotor activity in
laboratory rats. The influence of anaesthesia with halothane and
administration of the opioid analgesic nalbuphine was investigated in normal
rats and in animals which underwent either unilateral nephrectomy or jugular
vein cannulation. Both nephrectomy and jugular cannulation were associated
with a significant reduction in food and water consumption and a depression in
locomotor activity levels. The reduction in activity following nephrectomy was
reversed by administration of 6 doses of nalbuphine at 4 hourly intervals.
Administration of nalbuphine at the same dose rate following halothane
anaesthesia in normal rats resulted in a stimulation of activity. The
prevention of the depressant effects of surgery by this opioid appears to be
due to its stimulatory effect rather than a specific analgesic action. The
degree of depression of food and water consumption after nephrectomy was
significantly reduced following 6 doses of nalbuphine. This beneficial effect
of repeated administration of an opioid may be related to the compound's
analgesic action.
153 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Effects of thiopental, ketamine, diazepam, xylazine, and nitrous oxide on EEG
spike activity and convulsive behavior during enflurane anesthesia in
atropinized cats: effect of increasing inhalant concentrations.
Hikasa, Y.; Kubota, M.; Takase, K.; Kakuta, T.; Ogasawara, S.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Jul.
Veterinary surgery v. 22 (4): p. 311-317; 1993 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Anesthesia
154 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Effects of thiopental, ketamine, diazepam, xylazine, and nitrous oxide on EEG
spike activity and convulsive behavior during enflurane anesthesisa in
spontaneously breathing atropinized cats: effect of surgical depth.
Hikasa, Y.; Kojima, N.; Takase, K.; Ogasawara, S.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Jul.
Veterinary surgery v. 22 (4): p. 318-325; 1993 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Anesthesia
155 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Effects of thiopentone, propofol, alphaxalone-alphadolone, ketamine and
xylazine-ketamine on lower oesophageal sphincter pressure and barrier pressure
in cats.
Hashim, M.A.; Waterman, A.E.
London : The Association; 1991 Aug17.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 129
(7): p. 137-139; 1991 Aug17. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Esophageal sphincter; Internal pressure; Thiopental;
Injectable anesthetics; Ketamine; Xylazine; Adverse effects
156 NAL Call. No.: QP1.P4
Effects of undernutrition during suckling on novelty-induced analgesia in
young and adult rats.
Vendite, D.; Rocha, J.B.T.; Souza, D.O.
Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1990 Feb.
Physiology & behavior v. 47 (2): p. 393-395; 1990 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Suckling; Undernutrition; Analgesics; Protein energy
malnutrition
157 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Effects of urethane, alphaxolone/alphadolone, or halothane with or without
neuromuscular blockade on survival during repeated episodes of global cerebral
ischaemia in the rat.
Holder, D.S.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Apr.
Laboratory animals v. 26 (2): p. 107-113; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Urethane; Halothane; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Blood
pressure; Survival; Ischemia; Muscle relaxants; Lung ventilation
Abstract: The effect of 4 anaesthetic regimes on blood pressure and survival
was investigated during repeated episodes of cerebral ischaemia in the rat
induced by diathermy of the vertebral arteries and reversible occlusion of the
carotid arteries. The best results were obtained with inspired halothane with
neuromuscular blockade and artificial ventilation, followed in order by
halothane, intravenous alphaxolone/alphadolone, and intraperitoneal urethane
with spontaneous ventilation.
158 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
The effects of various anesthetics on tissue levels of
fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in rats.
Kasten, T.; Colliver, J.A.; Montrey, R.D.; Dunaway, G.A.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Jul.
Laboratory animal science v. 40 (4): p. 399-401; 1990 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Anesthetics; Fructose-bisphosphatase; Kidneys; Brain;
Heart; Muscles; Liver; Euthanasia
Abstract: We report that the short-term use of various anesthetic agents
prior to decapitation causes alteration of the levels of
fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in kidney, brain, heart, muscle, and liver. These
data indicate that even light anesthesia can not be used when levels of this
metabolite are to be determined. Also, it appears that the use of any of these
anesthetics can profoundly alter glucose utilization in many tissues.
159 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effects of various sedatives on air cystometry in dogs.
Johnson, C.A.; Beemsterboer, J.M.; Gray, P.R.; Slusser, P.G.; Goullaud, E.J.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Sep.
American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (9): p. 1525-1528. ill; 1988
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Drug combinations; Anesthetics; Diagnostic techniques;
Muscles; Adverse effects; Restraint of animals
Abstract: The effects of various sedatives on air cystometry in dogs were
investigated. Oxymorphone plus acepromazine, xylazine alone, atropine plus
xylazine, and diazepam plus ketamine were compared for interference with the
detrusor reflex, adequacy of patient restraint, and development of adverse
side effects. Atropine plus xylazine was the best of the 4 drug combinations
tested, because it had the least interference with the detrusor reflex,
bradycardia did not develop, and excellent restraint was obtained. Pain and
hematuria were common whenever intravesicular pressure exceeded 40 cm of H2O,
yet pressures that high were rarely necessary to stimulate the detrusor
reflex.
160 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Effects of yohimbine on bradycardia and duration of recumbency in
ketamine/xylazine anesthetized ferrets.
Sylvina, T.J.; Berman, N.G.; Fox, J.G.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Mar.
Laboratory animal science v. 40 (2): p. 178-182; 1990 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ferrets; Ketamine; Xylazine; Yohimbine; Anesthesia; Heart rate;
Duration; Intramuscular injection; Drug antagonism
Abstract: Eleven adult ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were anesthetized with
ketamine hydrochloride (25 mg/kg, IM) and xylazine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg,
IM). Fifteen minutes post-ketamine/xylazine injection, ferrets were treated
with yohimbine hydrochloride at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, or an equal volume of
physiologic saline, intramuscularly. Each ferret served as its own control by
randomly receiving both treatments with a minimum interval of 2 weeks between
treatments on any one ferret. At 15 minutes post-ketamine/xylazine injection,
mean heart rate measurements for both treatment groups were 27% less than the
mean heart rate measurement reported for unanesthetized ferrets. Intramuscular
administration of yohimbine antagonized the ketamine/xylazine induced
bradycardia in 10 of the 11 ferrets, (p = 0.0001). In yohimbine treated
ferrets, an increase in mean heart rate measurement was noted 5 minutes after
the intramuscular administration of yohimbine, and followed, over the next 15
minutes, by a progressive increase in mean heart rate. However, a
corresponding decrease in mean heart rate measurement was observed in saline
treated controls. Fifteen minutes after the injection of yohimbine, the mean
heart rate measurement of yohimbine treated animals had increased to 194 beats
per minute. This mean heart rate measurement is nearly 30% greater than the
mean heart rate of 150 beats per minute measured at 15 minutes post-saline
injection in saline treated controls. Also, yohimbine treatment significantly
reduced duration of recumbency in 10 of 11 ferrets (p = 0.0001). Mean duration
of recumbency for yohimbine treated ferrets was 41 +/- 9.7 minutes, whereas
mean duration of recumbency for saline treated ferrets was determined to be 80
+/- 11.4 minutes. Intramuscular administration of yohimbine effectively
reverses ketamine/xylazine induced bradycardia and significantly reduces
duration of recumbency in ketamine/xylazine anesthetized ferrets.
161 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Efficacy of tribromoethanol anesthesia in mice.
Papaioannou, V.E.; Fox, J.G.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Apr.
Laboratory animal science v. 43 (2): p. 189-192; 1993 Apr. Paper presented at
a conference entitled "The Scid Mouse in Biomedical and Agricultural
Research," August 5-7, 1992, Guelph, Canada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Anesthetics; Adverse effects
Abstract: We undertook a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy,
safety, and suitability of tribromoethanol (0.2 ml/10 g body weight of a 1.2%
solution) as a surgical anesthetic in mice. We compiled records of embryo
transfer during a 2.5-year period (1989-1991) and examined mice subjected to
several other procedures requiring anesthesia. We documented a low rate of
mortality and morbidity (< 1%) and the absence of any significant abdominal
adhesions or inflammatory response. The rapid induction and recovery, adequate
surgical plane of anesthesia, and lack of complications make this anesthetic
effective and simple to use. Precautions necessary to prevent decomposition of
the anesthetic, storage in the dark at 4 degrees C, were minimal.
162 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Elective gonadectomy in dogs: A review.
Salmeri, K.R.; Olson, P.N.; Bloomberg, M.S.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1991 Apr01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 198 (7): p.
1183-1192; 1991 Apr01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Bitches; Castration; Ovariectomy; Age; Sex hormones;
Biological development; Skeleton; Obesity; Animal behavior; Secondary sexual
traits; Urinary tract; Anesthesia; Disease resistance
163 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63
Enantioselectivity in the anaesthetic effect of ketamine in dogs.
Deleforge, J.; Davot, J.L.; Boisrame, B.; Delatour, P.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Dec.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 14 (4): p. 418-420;
1991 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Ketamine; Enantiomers; Anesthesia; Intravenous injection;
Tolerance; Metabolites; Drug effects; Dosage
164 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992
Epidural opioid administration for postoperative pain relief in the dog.
Dodman, N.H.; Clark, G.H.; Court, M.H.; Fikes, L.L.; Boudrieau, R.J.
New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 274-277,
310-311; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Postoperative care; Pain; Analgesics; Local anesthesia;
Morphine; Opioids; Clinical experience
165 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Epidural vs. intramuscular oxymorphone analgesia after thoracotomy in dogs.
Popilskis, S.; Kohn, D.; Sanchez, J.A.; Gorman, P.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1991 Nov.
Veterinary surgery v. 20 (6): p. 462-467; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Thorax; Surgical operations; Pain; Analgesics; Conduction
anesthesia; Intramuscular injection
166 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Evaluation of a combination of tiletamine and zolazepam as an anesthetic for
ferrets.
Payton, A.J.; Pick, J.R.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989 May.
Laboratory animal science v. 39 (3): p. 243-246; 1989 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ferrets; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Drug combinations; Evaluation;
Safety
Abstract: A combination of equal parts by weight of tiletamine hyrochloride
and zolazepam hydrochloride was evaluated clinically in 12 adult male ferrets.
Two dosage levels of 12 mg/kg and 22 mg/kg were evaluated. Both doses produced
excellent immobilization, the length of which was dose dependent. However,
only the higher dose consistently produced good muscle relaxation. Excessive
pain upon injection was not noted nor was residual lameness evident.
Electrocardiagraphically, notching of the QRS complex was noted on both doses.
Anesthesia with poor analgesia occurred at the lower dose, while ferrets
receiving the higher dose showed more variability in the degree of analgesia.
It was concluded that this combination administered intramuscularly provided
excellent immobilization, variable muscle relaxation and a generally smooth
induction and recovery. At the higher dose, analgesia was adequate for minor
surgical procedures of short duration.
167 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Evaluation of accuracy of pulse oximetry in dogs.
Jacobson, J.D.; Miller, M.W.; Matthews, N.S.; Hartsfield, S.M.; Knauer, K.W.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Apr.
American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (4): p. 537-540; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Blood; Hemoglobin; Oxygen; Estimation; Meters; Probes;
Accuracy; Carbon dioxide
Abstract: The accuracy of a pulse oximeter was evaluated over a wide range of
arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, using 2 probes (finger probe and
ear probe) and 2 monitoring sites (tongue and tail) in anesthetized dogs. The
arterial oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SaO2) measured directly with a
multiwavelength spectrophotometer was compared with saturation estimated by
pulse oximetry (SpO2). Linear regression analysis of the pooled data from 399
simultaneous measurements of SpO2 and SaO2 indicated a highly significant
correlation Of SpO2 with SaO2 (r = 0.97; P less than or equal to 0.0001).
Although the mean difference (+/- SD) between SpO2 and SaO2 for pooled data
was small (-0.06 +/- 6.8%), SPO2 tended to underestimate high SaO2 values
(greater than or equal to 70%) and to overestimate low SaO2 values (< 70%).
When SaO2 values were greater than or equal to 70%, the ear probe applied to
the tail was less accurate (produced a significantly greater SpO2-SaO2
difference) than the ear probe on the tongue, or the finger probe at either
site. When SaO2 values were less than or equal to 50%, the finger probe
applied at the tail was more accurate (produced significantly smaller
SpO2-SaO2 differences) than the ear probe at either site. When SaO2 values
were less than or equal to 70%, high arterial carbon dioxide tension (greater
than or equal to 60 mm of Hg) was associated with greater overestimation of
SaO2.
168 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24
Evaluation of acepromazine/meperidine/atropine predication followed by
thiopental anesthesia in the cat.
Dyson, D.H.; Allen, D.G.; Ingwersen, W.; Pascoe, P.J.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Oct.
Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche
veterinaire v. 52 (4): p. 419-422; 1988 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cat; Anesthesia; Atropine; Drug combinations; Injections;
Thiopental; Blood pressure; Heart rate; Gases
169 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
An evaluation of analgesia associated with the immobility response in
laboratory rabbits.
Danneman, P.J.; White, W.J.; Marshall, W.K.; Lang, C.M.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Feb.
Laboratory animal science v. 38 (1): p. 51-57; 1988 Feb. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Analgesics; Restraint of animals; Immobilization
Abstract: The immobility response (IR) was studied in rabbits to evaluate its
analgesic properties and reliability as a method of restraint. The
participation of the endogenous opioid system in IR was studied indirectly by
evaluating the effects of the narcotic antagonist naloxone on this phenomenon.
Twenty-four adult New Zealand White rabbits were subjected to six noxious
stimuli while restrained by IR and while restrained under control conditions.
Testing on each animal was repeated under both conditions following the
administration of naloxone. The noxious stimuli consisted of three levels of
electric shock (10 volts, 30 volts, and 50 volts) applied to the shaved
forearm, and mechanical pressure applied to the pinna, front toe, and hind
toe. Withdrawal and changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration
were used as indicators of pain perception. Distress associated with noxious
electrical and pressure stimulation was significantly reduced by IR, which
suggested that the phenomenon does have a significant analgesic component.
However, the rabbits showed wide variability in their susceptibility to IR
induction, and even animals which did not withdraw in response to noxious
stimulation under IR sometimes exhibited physiological changes suggestive of
distress. Therefore, IR should not be considered as a reliable or humane
alternative to analgesic/anesthetic drugs for laboratory rabbits. Naloxone had
little effect on IR or IR-associated analgesia.
170 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Evaluation of atropine, glucagon, and metoclopramide for facilitation of
endoscopic intubation of the duodenum in dogs.
Matz, M.E.; Leib, M.S.; Monroe, W.E.; Davenport, D.J.; Nelson, L.P.; Kenny,
J.E.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Dec.
American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (12): p. 1948-1950; 1991 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Duodenum; Endoscopy; Atropine; Glucagon; Drugs; Intestinal
motility
Abstract: Modification of gastroduodenal motility has been proposed to aid
endoscopic examination of the duodenum in dogs. The objective of this study
was to evaluate the use of the following pharmacologic agents for facilitation
of endoscopic intubation of the duodenum in 6 clinically normal dogs:
metoclopramide HCl (0.2 mg/kg of body weight), atropine sulfate (0.045 mg/kg),
glucagon (0.06 mg/kg), and isotonic saline solution. In a randomized, blinded,
crossover design, the ease of endoscopic duodenal intubation was qualitatively
scored by 3 endoscopists (in random order), using the following scale:
immediate entry; rapid entry-moderate manipulation; difficult entry-multiple
attempts; and no entry after 2 minutes. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental
and maintained with halothane. The 4 agents were diluted to a fixed volume and
randomly administered. Duodenal intubation was attempted 2 minutes after IV
injection of 1 of the agents. Four endoscopic procedures (1 for each agent)
were performed on each dog with a minimum of 5 days between each procedure. In
this study, no agent facilitated endoscopic duodenal intubation at the dose
used. Instead, atropine and metoclopramide made duodenal intubation
significantly more difficult, compared with use of saline solution. Difference
between intubation after administration of glucagon and saline solution was
not seen. On the basis of our findings, the use of these agents for
facilitating endoscopic duodenal intubation is not recommended. In addition,
in this study, we found that experience in endoscopic intubation is an
important factor in determining the ease of duodenal intubation.
171 NAL Call. No.: SF895.P76
An evaluation of five different sedative/anaesthetic regimens for H-reflex
recording in the dog.
Malik, R.; Pearson, M.R.B.; Ho, S.
Santa Barbara, CA : Brillig Hill, Inc; 1992.
Progress in veterinary neurology v. 3 (3): p. 87-90; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Dogs; Reflexes; Anesthesia; Greyhounds; Fentanyl;
Droperidol; Xylazine; Ketamine; Halothane
172 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Evaluation of Greyhound susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia using
halothane-succinylcholine anesthesia and caffeine-halothane muscle
contractures.
Cosgrove, S.B.; Eisele, P.H.; Martucci, R.W.; Gronert, G.A.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Oct.
Laboratory animal science v. 42 (5): p. 482-485; 1992 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Susceptibility; Adverse effects
173 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C81
Evaluation of ketamine-xylazine in Syrian hamsters.
Payton, A.J.; Forsythe, D.B.; Dixon, D.; Myers, P.H.; Clark, J.A.; Snipe, J.R.
Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell Veterinarian, Inc; 1993 Apr.
Cornell veterinarian v. 83 (2): p. 153-161; 1993 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hamsters; Anesthesia
174 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
An evaluation of medetomidine/ketamine and other drug combinations for
anaesthesia in cats.
Verstegen, J.; Fagetton, X.; Donnay, I.; Ectors, F.
London : The Association; 1991 Jan12.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 128
(2): p. 32-35; 1991 Jan12. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Anesthesia; Analgesics; Ketamine; Anesthetics; Drug
combinations; Adverse effects
175 NAL Call. No.: SF895.P76
Evaluation of periosteal nociception in the cat.
Mandsager, R.E.; Raffe, M.R.
Santa Barbara, CA : Brillig Hill, Inc; 1991.
Progress in veterinary neurology v. 2 (4): p. 237-242; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Pain; Bone fractures; Experiments; Bones; Periosteum;
Models; Analgesics
176 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Evaluation of telazol-xylazine as an anesthetic combination for use in Syrian
hamsters.
Forsythe, D.B.; Payton, A.J.; Dixon, D.; Myers, P.H.; Clark, J.A.; Snipe, J.R.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Oct.
Laboratory animal science v. 42 (5): p. 497-502; 1992 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hamsters; Anesthesia; Anesthetics
177 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63
Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of a low dose of acetaminophen
following surgery in dogs.
Mburu, D.N.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Mar.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 14 (1).: p. 109-111;
1991 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Acetaminophen; Antiinflammatory agents; Postoperative care;
Dosage; Swelling; Pain
178 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Evaluation of the Doppler ultrasonic method of measuring systolic arterial
blood pressure in cats.
Grandy, J.L.; Dunlop, C.I.; Hodgson, D.S.; Curtis, C.R.; Chapman, P.L.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Jul.
American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (7): p. 1166-1169; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Blood pressure; Ultrasonic devices; Ultrasound; Arteries
Abstract: The accuracy of the Doppler technique for indirect systolic blood
pressure measurement was assessed in 16 anesthetized cats. Eight cats were
anesthetized with isoflurane and 8 were anesthetized with halothane.
Anesthetic depth and mode of ventilation were varied to obtain a wide range of
arterial blood pressure. A Doppler transducer was placed on the palmer surface
of the left fore-limb over the common digital branch of the radial artery to
detect blood flow, and a blood pressure monitoring cuff with a width 37% the
limb circumference was placed half way between the elbow and the carpus. To
enable direct arterial pressure measurements, the left femoral artery was
catheterized and the blood pressure waveforms recorded simultaneously.
Systolic blood pressure measured by use of the Doppler ultrasonic technique
was significantly lower than that obtained from the femoral artery catheter.
Using linear regression, we determined a clinically useful calibration
adjustment for Doppler indirect blood pressure measurement in cats: femoral
systolic pressure = Doppler systolic pressure + 14 mm of Hg.
179 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
An evaluation of three intravenous anesthetic regimens in New Zealand rabbits.
Borkowski, G.L.; Danneman, P.J.; Russell, G.B.; Lang, C.M.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 May.
Laboratory animal science v. 40 (3): p. 270-276; 1990 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Injectable anesthetics; Ears; Anesthesia; Intravenous
injection; Heart rate; Respiration rate; Blood pressure; Body temperature;
Responses; Blood; Gases
Abstract: Intravenous anesthetics can be readily administered to rabbits
through the marginal ear vein. In this study, three intravenous anesthetic
protocols were evaluated in New Zealand White rabbits. The three anesthetic
regimens were: (a) pentobarbital (40 mg/kg); (b) ketamine-xylazine (25-5
mg/kg); (c) midazolam-xylazine-alfentanil (1-1-0.1 mg/kg). The anesthetics
were injected slowly over defined time intervals. Reactions to noxious stimuli
were determined before and after administration of the anesthetics.
Additionally, the effects of the anesthetic agents on the rabbit's
cardiopulmonary system were evaluated. Rabbits anesthetized with
midazolam-xylazine-alfentanil did not have a pedal withdrawal or ear pinch
reflex throughout the testing period. The ketamine-xylazine combination
produced a shorter duration of non-responsiveness to noxious stimuli. Rabbits
anesthetized with pentobarbital had the greatest variability in response to
noxious stimuli. Apnea occurred in at least one rabbit in each group. A side
effect unique to the midazolam-xylazine-alfentanil group was the occurrence of
opisthotonus or seizure activity during or shortly after the administration of
alfentanil. Hypotension, hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis were
characteristic of the cardiopulmonary effects of the anesthetics. When
choosing an anesthetic regimen for rabbits, intravenous infusion should be
considered as an option. Advantages include ease of administration,
possibility of redosing as required, and minimal requirements for equipment.
Disadvantages of intravenous anesthetic infusion in rabbits include potential
for lethal overdose and metabolic alterations after administration.
180 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Evaluation of three midazolam-xylazine mixtures preliminary trials in dogs.
Tranquilli, W.J.; Gross, M.E.; Thurmon, J.C.; Benson, G.J.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1990 Mar.
Veterinary surgery v. 19 (2): p. 168-172; 1990 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Benzodiazepines; Xylazine; Drug combinations; Yohimbine;
Drug antagonism; Narcotic antagonists; Anesthesia; Central nervous system
181 NAL Call. No.: SB298.J66
Evidence of the sedative effect of neroli oil, cironellal and phenylethyl
acetate on mice.
Jager, W.; Buchbauer, G.; Jirovetz, L.; Dietrich, H.; Plank, C.
Wheaton, Ill. : Allured Publishing Company; 1992 Jul.
Journal of essential oil research : JEOR v. 4 (4): p. 387-394; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Citrus aurantium; Essential oils; Acetates; Linalool; Perfumery;
Inhalation; Blood serum; Mice; Volatile compounds; Anesthetics; Medicinal
properties
Abstract: The sedative effects of neroli oil, Citrus aurantium (L.) subsp.
aurantium, citronellal and phenylethyl acetate on mice were investigated in a
series of experimental procedures. Under standardized experimental conditions
the motility of female mice was reduced from arbitrarily graded 100% for
untreated animals to 34.73% by neroli oil, to 50.18% by citronellal and 54.94%
by phenylethyl acetate, respectively. In the serum of animals exposed for one
hour, the concentration of the fragrances was analyzed by GC/FID and found to
be 0.85 ng/mL for neroli oil, 2.53 ng/mL for citronellal and 5.35 ng/mL for
phenylethyl acetate.
182 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24
Failure of sodium pentobarbital anesthesia to alter 1-desamino-8-D-arginine
vasopressin-induced elevations of plasma Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor in
normal dogs.
Johnstone, I.B.; Crane, S.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Oct.
Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche
veterinaire v. 52 (4): p. 416-418; 1988 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Pentobarbital; Vasopressins; Blood plasma
183 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Fentanyl and medetomidine anaesthesia in the rat and its reversal using
atipamazole and either nalbuphine or butorphanol.
Hu, C.; Flecknell, P.A.; Liles, J.H.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Jan.
Laboratory animals v. 26 (1): p. 15-22; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Anesthesia; Fentanyl; Agonists; Antagonists; Opioids; Drug
combinations
Abstract: The intraperitoneal injection of anaesthetic agents is a simple and
convenient method of anaesthetizing rats. However, all of the anaesthetic
combinations in current use which are administered by intraperitoneal
injection produce prolonged sedation, and full recovery of consciousness may
take several hours. Fentanyl, a micro agonist opioid, and medetomidine, an
alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist were mixed and administered as a single
intraperitoneal injection. Combinations of 300 microgram/300 microgram/kg and
300 microgram/200 microgram/kg of fentanyl/medetomidine were shown to produce
surgical anaesthesia in the rat. This anaesthetic regimen produced significant
respiratory depression (P < 0.01) and animals did not regain their righting
reflex until 193 +/- 21 min (mean +/- 1 SD) after injection. Administration by
intraperitoneal injection of atipamezole, a specific alpha 2-adrenoceptor
antagonist (1 mg/kg) mixed with a micro antagonist/k agonist opioid
(nalbuphine, 2 mg/kg or butorphanol 0.4 mg/kg), resulted in a rapid (< 8 min)
reversal of anaesthesia and the associated respiratory depression, and
apparent full recovery of consciousness.
184 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Four methods for general anaesthesia in the rabbit: a comparative study.
Peeters, M.E.; Gil, D.; Teske, E.; Eyzenbach, V.; Brom, W.E. v.d.; Lumeij,
J.T.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1988 Oct.
Laboratory animals v. 22 (4): p. 355-360; 1988 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Metabolism; Physiology
Abstract: The efficacy and safety of pentobarbitone, ketamine/xylazine,
fentanyl/fluanisone/diazepam, and halothane/nitrous oxide anaesthesia were
compared in 4 groups of six New Zealand White rabbits. Heart and respiratory
rates, body temperature, reflexes, blood pressure and blood gases were
measured. Pentobarbitone appeared to be unsuitable for anaesthesia in rabbits,
as 5 of the 6 rabbits to whom it was administered, required artificial
respiration or died. The combinations of ketamine/xylazine and
fentanyl-fluanisone/diazepam both produced unpredictable levels of anaesthesia
together with a substantial decline in arterial blood pressure and PO2.
Despite a severe drop in blood pressure (up to 37.5%), anaesthesia with
halothane and nitrous oxide was found to be superior to the other anaesthetic
agents.
185 NAL Call. No.: RS160.J6
From ethnobotanical uses of Strychnos henningsii to antiinflammatories,
analgesics and antispasmodics.
Tits, M.; Damas, J.; Quetin-Leclercq, J.; Angenot, L.
Limerick : Elsevier Scientific Publishers; 1991 Sep.
Journal of ethno-pharmacology v. 34 (2/3): p. 261-267; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Africa; Strychnos henningsii; Traditional medicines; Ethnobotany;
Antiinflammatory agents; Analgesics; Spasms; Pharmacology; Bark; Rats
Abstract: Strychnos henningsii Gilg is used in African traditional medicine
for the treatment of various ailments, including rheumatism, gastrointestinal
complaints and snake bites. Different preliminary pharmacological experiments
are described. The results show that some of the reported folk medicinal
applications of S. henningsii can be at least partially explained by the
presence of retuline-like alkaloids, whose use could lead to new
antinociceptive (antiinflammatory and analgesic) and antispasmodic drugs.
186 NAL Call. No.: QP1.P4
Glycemic control of pain threshold in diabetic and control rats.
Lee, J.H.; McCarty, R.
Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1990 Feb.
Physiology & behavior v. 47 (2): p. 225-230; 1990 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycemia; Pain; Rats; Experimental diabetes; Blood glucose;
Alloxan; Nervous system diseases
187 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Hemodynamic effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate in
isoflurane-xylazine-anesthetized dogs.
Lemke, K.A.; Tranquilli, W.J.; Thurmon, J.C.; Benson, G.J.; Olson, W.A.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Mar.
Veterinary surgery v. 22 (2): p. 163-169; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Drugs; Hemodynamics
188 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Hemodynamic effects of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in
halothane-anesthetized dogs.
Bednarski, R.M.; Muir, W.W. III
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Jul.
American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (7): p. 1106-1109. ill; 1989
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Male animals; Anesthesia; Halothane; Ventilation; Drug
effects; Blood pressure; Heart output; Heart rate
Abstract: Hemodynamic effects of spontaneous ventilation, intermittent
positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV), and high-frequency oscillatory
ventilation (HFOV) were compared in 6 dogs during halothane anesthesia.
Anesthesia was induced with IV thiamylal Na and was maintained with halothane
(end-tidal concentration, 1.09%). During placement of catheters, dogs breathed
spontaneously through a conventional semiclosed anesthesia circuit. Data were
collected, and dogs were mechanically ventilated, using IPPV or HFOV in random
order. Ventilation was adjusted to maintain PaCO2 between 38 and 43 mm of Hg
during IPPV and HFOV. Cardiac index, aortic blood pressure, and maximum rate
of increase of left ventricular pressure were significantly (P less than 0.05)
less during HFOV than during spontaneous ventilation, whereas right atrial and
pulmonary artery pressure were significantly greater during HFOV than during
spontaneous ventilation. During IPPV, only the maximum rate of increase of
left ventricular pressure was significantly less than that during spontaneous
ventilation.
189 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Hemodynamic effects of intravenous midazolam-xylazine-butorphanol in dogs.
Gross, M.E.; Thurmon, J.C.; Benson, G.J.; Olson, W.A.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1990 Mar.
Veterinary surgery v. 19 (2): p. 173-180; 1990 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Benzodiazepines; Xylazine; Drug combinations; Hemodynamics;
Anesthesia
190 NAL Call. No.: SF778.J68
High-frequency jet ventilation in anesthetized, paralyzed dogs and cats via
transtracheal and endotracheal tube routes.
Haskins, S.C.; Orima, H.; Yamamoto, Y.; Patz, J.D.
Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Pub; 1991 Jul.
Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care v. 1 (2): p. 55-60; 1991
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Lung ventilation; Veterinary equipment
191 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Impedance cardiography by use of a spot-electrode array to track changes in
cardiac output in anesthetized dogs.
Kiesler, T.W.; Voorhees III, W.D.; Wessale, J.L.; Pham, C.K.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1990 Jun01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 196 (11): p.
1804-1810. ill; 1990 Jun01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Electrocardiography; Heart output; Anesthesia; Thorax;
Electrodes
192 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
An improved method of endotracheal intubation in rabbits.
Bechtold, S.V.; Abrutyn, D.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Dec.
Laboratory animal science v. 41 (6): p. 630-631; 1991 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Trachea; Tubes; Laboratory methods; Preanesthetic
medication; Anesthesia
193 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Increasing halothane concentration abolishes anesthesia-associated arrhythmias
in cats and dogs.
Muir, W.W. III; Hubbell, J.A.E.; Flaherty, S.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1988 Jun15.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 192 (12): p.
1730-1735. ill; 1988 Jun15. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Halothane; Heart diseases; Ventricles
194 NAL Call. No.: SF914.A53 1990
Induction techniques and maintenance systems for isoflurane in cats.
Sawyer, D.C.; Durham, R.A.; Striler, E.L.; Langham, M.
Columbia, Md. : American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, 1990? :.;
1990.
Anesthesia and analgesia in laboratory animals : proceedings -- 1990 Forum,
American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Columbia Inn, Columbia,
Maryland, May 3-6, 1990. p. 21-25; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Inhaled anesthetics
195 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Influence of sedative and anesthetic agents on intradermal skin test reactions
in dogs.
Moriello, K.A.; Eicker, S.W.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Sep.
American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (9): p. 1484-1488; 1991 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthetics; Neuroleptics; Skin tests; Drug effects
Abstract: To determine the effects of 9 sedative/anesthetic drug protocols on
intradermal skin testing, an experimental state of type-I hypersensitivity was
created. Intradermal skin tests were performed on 6 dogs, using positive and
negative controls and a series of tenfold dilutions of ASC-1 allergen prior to
drug administration. Approximately 4 hours later, the dogs were given 1 of the
following drugs: acepromazine (low dose and high dose); ketamine hydrochloride
with diazepam; thiamylal; oxymorphone; halothane; methoxyflurane; or
isoflurane. The intradermal skin test then was repeated, and was scored
objectively and subjectively. Objective scores were unaffected by any of the
drugs. Subjective scores were affected in that acepromazine decreased wheal
size and the induration of the intradermal skin test reaction sites.
196 NAL Call. No.: SF910.5.V4
Injectable anaesthetic agents for cats.
Dyson, D.H.; Allen, D.G.
Stuttgart : F.K. Schattauer Publishers; 1992 Aug.
Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology : V.C.O.T. v. 5 (3):
p. 128-130; 1992 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Anesthetics; Injectable anesthetics; Xylazine; Ketamine;
Thiopental; Pethidine; Diazepam; Benzodiazepines
197 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R3224
Injectable anesthetic agents for cats.
Dyson, D.H.; Allen, D.G.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 May.
The Canadian veterinary journal v. 32 (5): p. 314-316; 1991 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Injectable anesthetics; Anesthesia
198 NAL Call. No.: SF911.B56
Intraoperative or postoperative pain.
Pascoe, P.J.
Toronto : B.C. Decker, Inc; 1988.
Decision making in small animal soft tissue surgery / Allen G. Binnington,
Joanne R. Cockshutt. p. 186-187; 1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Surgery; Pain; Treatment; Methoxyflurane; Analgesics
199 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J6 1988
Intrathecal and epidural anesthesia., 6th ed.
Booth, N.H.
Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University Press; 1988.
Veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics / edited by Nicholas H. Booth, Leslie
E. McDonald. p. 424-439. ill; 1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Sheep; Goats; Pigs; Cat; Anesthesia; Spinal cord; Drugs;
Anesthetics; Injections; Pharmacodynamics
200 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Intravenous chloralose is a safe anesthetic for longitudinal use in beagle
puppies.
Grad, R.; Witten, M.L.; Quan, S.F.; McKelvie, D.H.; Lemen, R.J.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Aug.
Laboratory animal science v. 38 (4): p. 422-425; 1988 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Pups; Anesthesia; Veins; Injections; Chloralose
Abstract: Chloralose is an intravenous anesthetic which preserves vagal and
central baroreceptor reflexes, thus rendering it useful for physiologic
research. However, chloralose is recommended for terminal experiments only,
due to concerns relating to long-term toxicity. We investigated the safety of
chloralose in longitudinal pulmonary function studies in beagle puppies.
Twelve puppies received chloralose anesthesia repeatedly (8-12 times per dog)
between the ages of 80 and 300 days. Constant anesthetic depth was maintained
reliably throughout the course of the experiments. Recovery lasted
approximately 4 hours in each experiment and occurred in four definable
stages. Following recovery, the puppies exhibited normal health and growth as
compared with other colony animals. There was no biochemical evidence of acute
renal, hepatic, pancreatic or cardiac toxicity prior to and immediately after
anesthesia, and no evidence of chronic toxicity following completion of the
study protocol, after a total cumulative dose of 1.18 g/kg chloralose. These
studies demonstrate that intravenous chloralose is a safe anesthetic for
longitudinal use.
201 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Introduction of anaesthesia in dogs and cats with propofol.
Weaver, B.M.Q.; Raptopoulos, D.
London : The Association; 1990 Jun23.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 126
(25) AGL: p. 617-620; 1990 Jun23. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Adverse effects
202 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Introduction to the quantitative technique of closed circuit anesthesia in
dogs.
Moens, Y.
Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Co; 1988 Mar.
Veterinary surgery v. 17 (2): p. 98-104. ill; 1988 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Circuits; Quantitative techniques
203 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Ketamine/xylazine/butorphanol: a new anesthetic combination for rabbits.
Marini, R.P.; Avison, D.L.; Corning, B.F.; Lipman, N.S.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Feb.
Laboratory animal science v. 42 (1): p. 57-62; 1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthesia; Ketamine; Xylazine; Drug combinations;
Neuroleptics; Opioids; Heart rate; Respiration rate; Blood pressure; Blood;
Gases; Reflexes
Abstract: Ketamine is often used in combination with tranquilizers to produce
surgical anesthesia in rabbits. While generally effective, there is
considerable variation in the depth and duration of anesthesia achieved with
ketamine combinations. Butorphanol is a mixed agonist-antagonist opioid that
is widely used in a variety of other species. In this study, the commonly used
ketamine (35 mg/kg)/xylazine (5 mg/kg) combination is compared with ketamine
(35 mg/kg)/xylazine (5 mg/kg)/butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg). Rabbits were
anesthetized on consecutive weeks with one of the two regimens. Physiologic
parameters including heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and arterial
blood gases (pH, PO2, PCO2) were measured throughout anesthesia. Loss of
palpebral, pedal and righting reflexes were recorded and reflexes were
subsequently evaluated. The addition of butorphanol prolonged reflex loss to
140% (X = 68 min +/- 20 SEM) of control for palpebral reflex; 506% (X = 52 min
+/- 18 SEM) of control for pedal reflex; and 159% (X = 128 min +/- 21 SEM) of
control for righting reflex. Addition of butorphanol to ketamine/ xylazine
resulted in mild alterations in the physiologic changes traditionally
associated with this combination. Butorphanol can be safely added to the
ketamine/xylazine combination in rabbits and results in moderate increases in
the duration of reflex loss.
204 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia in the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus).
Curl, J.L.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1988 Oct.
Laboratory animals v. 22 (4): p. 309-312; 1988 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hamsters; Strains; Anesthesia; Ketamine; Xylazine; Drug
combinations; Photoperiod
Abstract: The combination of ketamine-xylazine was assessed as a surgical
anaesthetic in Djungarian hamsters acclimatized to both long (16 h light : 8 h
dark) and short (8 h light : 16 h dark) photoperiods. It was concluded that 50
mg/kg of ketamine with 10 mg/kg of xylazine or 100 mg/kg of ketamine with 5-10
mg/kg of xylazine when given together by intraperitoneal injection was a
satisfactory general anaesthetic. Two hundred mg/kg of ketamine with 10 mg/kg
xylazine caused death in 13 of 24 animals. There were no clinically
significant effects on depth of anaesthesia due to photoperiod.
205 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Kinetics of uptake and effects of topical indomethacin application on protein
concentration in the aqueous humor of dogs.
Spiess, B.M.; Mathis, G.A.; Franson, K.L.; Leber, A.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Jul.
American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (7): p. 1159-1163; 1991 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Indometacin; Topical application; Body fluids; Eyes;
Protein content; Pharmacokinetics
Abstract: The pharmacokinetic properties of indomethacin and its effects on
aqueous protein values were studied in 15 clinically normal Beagles. The dogs
were treated every 6 hours with 1% indomethacin suspension in 1 eye, with the
other eye serving as a control. After 24 hours, the dogs were anesthetized and
samples of aqueous humor (AH) were drawn by aqueocentesis at 0, 15, 30, 60,
and 90 minutes after initial paracentesis. Additional samples were drawn at
the time of euthanasia, 180 (6 dogs) and 360 minutes (9 dogs) minutes after
initial paracentesis. Blood samples were obtained at each treatment and at
each aqueocentesis. The eyes were enucleated after dogs were euthanatized.
Aqueous protein concentrations and indomethacin concentrations in AH, plasma,
and different ocular tissues were determined. Topical indomethacin
administration had no effect on baseline protein concentrations of AH. It
reduced protein concentrations in AH significantly at all times after initial
aqueocentesis. This reduction was approximately 30%. Indomethacin in the AH is
mostly protein-bound. Concentrations were 350 ng/ml in primary AH and 1,305
ng/ml in secondary AH, 90 minutes after initial aqueocentesis. Free-drug
concentrations were relatively constant at about 220 ng/ml. Indomethacin
administered topically is readily absorbed by the ocular adnexae, reaching a
steady-state concentration of 25 ng/ml in blood plasma 18 hours after the
start of treatment. Plasma concentrations were 50 times lower than
therapeutically effective concentrations. High indomethacin concentrations
were found in the cornea only. Low concentrations were found in the iris and
ciliary body, the lens, and in the choroid. On the basis of our findings, we
conclude that topically administered indomethacin is effective in reducing
protein concentrations in secondary AH and is rapidly eliminated from the eye.
206 NAL Call. No.: SF774.C5
Lack of gravitational influence on distribution of regional and intraregional
inhalation-to-perfusion mismatching in anesthetized dogs.
Clercx, C.; Brom, W.E. van den; Vries, H.W. de
S.l. : s.n., 1988? :.; 1988.
Scintigraphical analyses of pulmonary function in dogs; Scintigrafische
longfunktie analyse bij de hond; Analyses scintigraphiques de la function
pulmonaire chez le chien / door Cecile Clercx. p. 40-50; 1988. Dutch and
French Summaries on pages 141-149. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Radiorespirometry; Blood circulation; Radiography; Lungs;
Respiration; Ventilation; Gravity
207 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Long term anesthesia using a continuous infusion guaifenesin, ketamine, and
xylazine in cats.
Brown, M.J.; McCarthy, T.J.; Bennett, B.T.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Jan.
Laboratory animal science v. 41 (1): p. 46-50; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Anesthesia; Guaifenesin; Ketamine; Xylazine; Drug
combinations; Safety; Dosage; Duration
Abstract: Cats (Felis catus) were anesthetized with a solution containing
guaifenesin, ketamine and xylazine (GKX) in 0.9% saline. Anesthesia was
induced by intravenous (IV) injection and was maintained for 6 hours by IV
infusion. Heart rate, respiratory rate and PvO2 did not change significantly
during the 6 hour monitoring period and remained consistently within the
published normal ranges for cats. Although the PvCO2 did not change
significantly, many values were abnormal. Venous pH decreased to slightly
below normal values. Lead 11 ECG tracings showed no abnormalities. Loss of
response to pedal pinch and jam, tone indicates maintenance of a surgical
plane of anesthesia and adequate muscle relaxation throughout the 6 hour
anesthetic period. Cats exhibited voluntary motor movement and were in sternal
recumbency in just over 2 hours and were showing no residual clinical effects
of the anesthesia 16 hours later. Although a transient mild acidosis was
observed, we conclude that GKX provides a safe, effective and easily
administered anesthetic regime for cats for periods up to 6 hours.
208 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Long-term anaesthesia with alfentanil and midazolam for lung transplantation
in the dog.
Flecknell, P.A.; Hooper, T.L.; Fetherstony, G.; Locke, T.J.; McGregor, C.G.A.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Jul.
Laboratory animals v. 23 (3): p. 278-284; 1989 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthetics; Lungs; Transplantation; Anesthesia;
Cardiovascular system; Cardiac output; Blood pressure
Abstract: An anaesthetic regime was developed for lung transplantation in the
dog using a continuous infusion of alfentanil and midazolam. This combination
of agents provided excellent analgesia and also produced loss of
consciousness. Cardiovascular stability was well maintained over a 24-h period
of anaesthesia following lung transplantation. Although no animals were
allowed to recover from anaesthesia in the present series, the regime
described is likely to be suitable for recovery anaesthesia, particularly
since both of the agents used can be reversed with specific antagonists.
209 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
A low cost tail-cuff method for the estimation of mean arterial pressure in
conscious rats.
Zatz, R.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Mar.
Laboratory animal science v. 40 (2): p. 198-201. ill; 1990 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Blood pressure; Estimation; Tail; Veterinary equipment
Abstract: Methods utilized in the determination of systolic tail-cuff
pressure (TCP) in awake rats are aimed at detecting the earliest possible tail
pulsations as the cuff is deflated. In the method described in this study, a
small, inexpensive electret microphone is used as a sensor, connected to the
tail by a piece of rubber tubing. This design provides selective attenuation
of tail pulsations appearing as the cuff is deflated between systolic and mean
arterial pressures. In this manner, tail pulsations are detected only when the
cuff pressure is lowered below the mean arterial pressure, thus providing an
estimation of the latter. The method was validated in prewarmed awake
normotensive and hypertensive rats by simultaneous comparison with directly
measured systolic and mean pressures or with a conventional tail-cuff method.
Validation studies were also carried out in anesthetized rats undergoing wide
variations of arterial pressure by parenteral injections of norepinephrine or
nitroprusside. Close agreement was observed between TCP determined with this
method and directly obtained mean, but not systolic, pressure. Thus, the
method described in this study constitutes an inexpensive alternative to
conventional tail-cuff methods. Mean, rather than systolic pressure, appears
to be evaluated in the conscious rat by employing this method.
210 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Malignant hyperthermia in dogs.
Nelson, T.E.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1991 Mar15.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 198 (6): p. 989-994;
1991 Mar15. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Adverse effects; Hyperthermia; Susceptibility;
Muscles; Halothane; Caffeine; Progeny; Calcium ions
211 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
A mask system for halothane anesthesia of guinea pigs.
Franz, D.R.; Dixon, R.S.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Dec.
Laboratory animal science v. 38 (6): p. 743-744. ill; 1988 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Guinea pigs; Anesthesia; Halothane; Apparatus
212 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Measurements of left and right ventricular pressures and their derivatives by
transcutaneous puncture in rats.
Hamlin, R.L.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Jan.
American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (1): p. 34-35; 1992 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Ventricles; Blood pressure; Determination; Recordings
Abstract: Eighteen rats were anesthetized with xylazine/ketamine and placed
in right lateral recumbency, and a small incision was made in the skin of the
left hemithorax. A 21-gauge, 1-inch, short-beveled hypodermic needle, attached
directly to a pressure transducer filled with degassed saline solution, was
advanced through the incision into the left ventricle and then advanced
through the septum into the right ventricle. High-fidelity tracings of right
and left ventricular pressures and their derivatives were obtained through
this approach in 13 rats. In 5 rats, measurements of right ventricular
pressures were obtained by additional right ventricular puncture through the
incision in the left hemithorax. Right and left ventricular pressures were
recorded on single occasions in 18 rats, twice at 2-week intervals in 6 rats,
and 3 times at 2-week intervals in 3 rats. Minimal hemopericardium was
observed, but most rats had evidence of hemorrhage on the visceral
pericardium. Left and right ventricular pressures can be measured rapidly,
safely, and repeatedly in anesthetized rats by this method.
213 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69
Measuring how dogs respond to Telazol-xylazine combinations.
Sanders, E.; Short, C.E.; Keegan, R.; Tracy, C.H.
Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Company; 1989 Feb.
Veterinary medicine v. 84 (2): p. 222-227; 1989 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Xylazine; Neuroleptics; Drug
combinations; Blood pressure; Heart rate; Respiration; Duration
214 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292
Medetomidine, a new sedative-analgesic for use in the dog and its reversal
with atipamezole.
Clarke, K.W.; England, G.C.W.
London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1989 Jun.
The Journal of small animal practice v. 30 (6): p. 343-345, 347-348; 1989 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Neuroleptics; Xylazine; Detoxicants; Adverse
effects
215 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292
Medetomidine as a premedicant in dogs and its reversal by atipamezole.
Young, L.E.; Brearley, J.C.; Richards, D.L.S.; Bartram, D.H.; Jones, R.S.
London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1990 Nov.
The Journal of small animal practice v. 31 (11): p. 554-556, 557-559; 1990
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Preanesthetic medication; Halothane; Nitrous oxide;
Thiopental; Anesthesia; Narcotic antagonists; Recovery
216 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Medetomidine-butorphanol-midazolam for anaesthesia in dogs and its reversal by
atipamezole.
Verstegen, J.; Petcho, A.
London : The Association; 1993 Apr03.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 132
(14): p. 353-357; 1993 Apr03. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Narcotic antagonists
217 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Median effective dosage of propofol for induction of anesthesia in dogs.
Watney, G.C.G.; Pablo, L.S.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Dec.
American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (12): p. 2320-2322; 1992 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthetics; Dosage
Abstract: The median effective dosage (ED50) of propofol for induction of
anesthesia was determined in 25 dogs premedicated with acepromazine, 0.05
mg/kg of body weight, and in 35 unpremedicated dogs. The ED50 was found to be
2.2 mg/kg in premedicated dogs and was 3.8 mg/kg in unpremedicated dogs. The
mean +/- SD total dosage of propofol required to induce anesthesia in
premedicated animals was 2.8 +/- 0.5 mg/kg and was 4.7 +/- 1.3 mg/kg in
unpremedicated animals. Signs of excitement were observed in 5 of the
unpremedicated dogs, but in none of those that were premedicated.
218 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643
The medical implications of canine obesity and their relevance to anaesthesia.
Clutton, R.E.
London : Bailliere Tindall; 1988 Jan.
British veterinary journal v. 144 (1): p. 21-28; 1988 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Obesity; Etiology
219 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Methemoglobinemia associated with dermal application of benzocaine cream in a
cat.
Wilkie, D.A.; Kirby, R.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1988 Jan01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 192 (1): p. 85-86;
1988 Jan01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cat; Anesthetics; Topical application; Adverse effects;
Methemoglobinemia
220 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992
A method for assessing noxious stimuli in anesthetized dogs.
Moore, M.P.; Greene, S.A.; Keegan, R.D.
New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 439-446, 477;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Electroencephalography
221 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
A method for hyperthermic treatment of mouse skin.
Gragtmans, N.J.; Jevcak, J.J.; Mitchel, R.E.J.; Morrison, D.P.; McCann, R.A.;
Murphy, J.W.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Apr.
Laboratory animals v. 26 (2): p. 122-126; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Skin; Animal models; Disease models; Hyperthermia;
Carcinogenesis; Promoters; Carcinogens
Abstract: The Sencar mouse skin system is a recognized model for tumour
initiation, promotion and progression. The current interest in the effect of
hyperthermia on this multi-stage tumorigenesis model prompted the need for a
technique to accurately heat a section of dorsal skin of a large number of
mice for 30 min per heat treatment. In the technique described, experimental
groups of 25 female Sencar mice were treated at 7-8 weeks of age under general
methoxyflurane anaesthesia. Treatment consisted of the application of
initiating and/or promoting agents with or without hyperthermia. For
hyperthermic skin treatments, each group of mice was placed onto a platform in
a water bath so that the dorsal skin of the mice was in contact with 44
degrees C temperature controlled water.
222 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63
Method of objective assessment of analgesia in the dog.
Hamlin, R.L.; Bednarski, L.S.; Schuler, C.J.; Weldy, P.L.; Cohen, R.B.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1988 Jun.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 11 (2): p. 215-220.
ill; 1988 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Xylazine; Dosage effect
223 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
A modified anaesthetic induction chamber for rats.
Gwynne, B.J.; Wallace, J.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Jul.
Laboratory animals v. 26 (3): p. 163-166; 1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Anesthesia; Laboratory equipment; Halothane; Oxygen; Waste
gases
Abstract: The anaesthetic induction chamber for rats described in this paper
has been designed for use in conjunction with a controlled delivery of
halothane/O2 mixture and an anaesthetic scavenger system. Using this system
rapid induction of anaesthesia is achieved using low levels of anaesthetic
vapour without risk to the operator.
224 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Monitoring of blood gas parameters and acid-base balance of pregnant and
non-pregnant rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in routine experimental
conditions.
Barzago, M.M.; Bortolotti, A.; Omarini, D.; Aramayona, J.J.; Bonati, M.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Apr.
Laboratory animals v. 26 (2): p. 73-79; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Pregnancy; Blood; Gases; Acid base equilibrium;
Anesthesia
Abstract: Blood gas parameters and acid-base balance values were determined
in adult pregnant New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in standard
laboratory housing conditions and during anaesthesia with an association of
ketamine-chlorpromazine, administered before surgical procedures. All the
variables were also studied in adult non-pregnant female, used as controls. No
differences in pH, sO2c, O2Hb, COHb, sO2m and a-vDO2 were found between
pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits in physiological conditions and during
anaesthesia. Ketamine-chlorpromazine and pregnancy seemed to change the other
parameters used to assess the acid-base balance and the oxygenation
conditions. Anaesthesia affected only Hb, O2Ct, O2Cap, C2O2 and P50. The
additive effect of pregnancy and anaesthesia modified pCO2, PO2, HCO3-, TCO2,
BEb, SBC, BEecf, A-aDO2, RI, MetHb, RHb, CaO2 and CvO2. The patterns described
are close to those of other species, suggesting the New Zealand rabbit might
be a reliable animal model for monitoring selected variables.
225 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292
Muscle relaxants in canine anaesthesia. 1. History and the drugs.
Jones, R.S.
London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1992 Aug.
The Journal of small animal practice v. 33 (8): p. 371-375; 1992 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Muscle relaxants; History; Suxamethonium
226 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292
Muscle relaxants in canine anaesthesia 2: Clinical application.
Jones, R.S.
London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1992 Sep.
The Journal of small animal practice v. 33 (9): p. 423-429; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Muscle relaxants
227 NAL Call. No.: RS160.J6
Myrcene mimics the peripheral analgesic activity of lemongrass tea.
Lorenzetti, B.B.; Souza, G.E.P.; Sarti, S.J.; Filho, D.S.; Ferreira, S.H.
Limerick : Elsevier Scientific Publishers; 1991 Aug.
Journal of ethno-pharmacology v. 34 (1): p. 43-48; 1991 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cymbopogon citratus; Myrcene; Analgesics; Essential oils;
Chromatography; Folk medicine; Rats
Abstract: Oral administration of a infusion of lemongrass (Cymbopogon
citratus) fresh leaves to rats produced a dose-dependent analgesia for the
hyperalgesia induced by subplantar injections of either carrageenin or
prostaglandin E2, but did not affect that induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP.
These results indicate a peripheral site of action which was confirmed with
the essential oil obtained by steam distillation of the leaves. Silica gel
column fractionation of the essential oil allowed the identification of
myrcene as the major analgesic component in the oil. Identification of the
components was made by thin-layer chromatography and checked by mass
spectrometry. The peripheral analgesic effect of myrcene was confirmed by
testing a standard commercial preparation on the hyperalgesia induced by
prostaglandin in the rat paw test and upon the contortions induced by
intraperitoneal injections of iloprost in mice. In contrast to the central
analgesic effect of morphine, myrcene did not cause tolerance on repeated
injection in rats. This analgesic activity supports the use of lemongrass tea
as a "sedative" in folk medicine. Terpenes such as myrcene may constitute a
lead for the development of new peripheral analgesics with a profile of action
different from that of the aspirin-like drugs.
228 NAL Call. No.: SF911.B56
Neck pain.
Parent, J.; Cochrane, S.M.
Toronto : B.C. Decker, Inc; 1988.
Decision making in small animal soft tissue surgery / Allen G. Binnington,
Joanne R. Cockshutt. p. 138-139; 1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Neck; Pain; Dislocations; Diagnosis; Cerebrospinal fluid;
Biopsy; Resection
229 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R3224
Nephrotoxicity in dogs associated with methoxyflurane anesthesia and flunixin
meglumine analgesia.
Mathews, K.A.; Doherty, T.; Dyson, D.H.; Wilcock, B.; Valliant, A.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Nov.
The Canadian veterinary journal v. 31 (11): p. 766-771; 1990 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Methoxyflurane; Flunixin; Anesthesia; Drug combinations;
Adverse effects; Kidney diseases; Uremia; Renal function
230 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Nephrotoxicity of tiletamine in New Zealand white rabbits.
Doerning, B.J.; Brammer, D.W.; Chrisp, C.E.; Rush, H.G.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Jun.
Laboratory animal science v. 42 (3): p. 267-269; 1992 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Injectable anesthetics; Muscle relaxants; Kidneys; Drug
toxicity; Dosage; Histopathology; Intramuscular injection
Abstract: Tiletamine and zolazepam, the two constituents of Telazol, were
evaluated independently to determine mine which agent was responsible for the
nephrotoxicity caused by Telazol in New Zealand White rabbits. Five rabbits
were injected i.m. with 32 mg/kg of tiletamine, four animals received 7.5
mg/kg of tiletamine, and five rabbits received 32 mg/kg of zolazepam.
Urinalysis was performed and blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were
monitored for 7 days postinjection. In all five rabbits injected with the high
dose of tiletamine, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine rose by 3 days
postinjection and increased steadily throughout the week. By 4 days
postinjection, urine protein and glucose were elevated and cellular and
protein casts were present. No serum chemistry or urine abnormalities were
detected in rabbits receiving low doses of tiletamine, zolazepam, or in the
four control rabbits. All animals were euthanized and necropsied at 7 days
postinjection. Histopathology showed severe renal tubular necrosis in all five
rabbits injected with 32 mg/kg tiletamine. Mild nephrosis was present in three
of four rabbits injected with 7.5 mg/kg of tiletamine. No lesions were present
in the zolazepam-injected or control rabbits. The results of this study show
that tiletamine is the constituent responsible for the nephrotoxicity of
Telazol in rabbits. They further demonstrate that doses commonly used for
anesthetic induction or restraint can produce renal lesions in rabbits.
231 NAL Call. No.: RB127.P34
Neurokinin and NMDA antagonists (but not a kainic acid antagonist) are
antinociceptive in the mouse formalin model.
Murray, C.W.; Cowan, A.; Larson, A.A.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1991 Feb.
Pain : the journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain v.
44 (2): p. 179-185; 1991 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Animal models; Antagonists; Pain; Substance p; Aspartic
acid; Receptors; Opioids; Formaldehyde; Tests
232 NAL Call. No.: 447.8 AM3
Neuropeptide regulation of feeding in dogs.
Inui, A.; Okita, M.; Nakajima, M.; Inoue, T.; Sakatani, N.; Oya, M.; Morioka,
H.; Okimura, Y.; Chihara, K.; Baba, S.
Bethesda, Md. : American Physiological Society; 1991 Sep.
American journal of physiology v. 261 (3,pt.2): p. R588-R594; 1991 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Norepinephrine; Neuropeptides; Opioid peptides;
Somatoliberin; Appetite control; Satiety; Food intake
Abstract: Norepinephrine and four families of neuropeptides, namely,
neuropeptide Y (NPY), opioid peptides, galanin, and growth hormone-releasing
factor (GRH), have been shown to stimulate feeding after central
administration. Because these studies were mainly done on laboratory rats, the
present study was designed to ascertain the central stimulators of feeding in
dogs. We have shown that porcine and human pancreatic polypeptides (PPs), when
administered into the third cerebral ventricle (intracerebroventricularly),
increased food and water intake of satiated animals but that the COOH-terminal
fragments [hPP-(18-36) and hPP-(23-36)] did not do so at the same molar dose
(11.9 nmol). The K-opioid receptor agonist dynorphin A-(1-17) also stimulated
food and water intake, whereas alpha-neoendorphin and Met-enkephalin did not.
These results suggest the structural specificity of PPs and dynorphin peptides
for stimulating feeding. Surprisingly, neither intracerebroventricular
injections of NPY and peptide YY nor intracerebroventricular pretreatment with
anti-hNPY gamma-globulin modulated feeding, stressing the species differences
in the feeding response to exogenous substances and the underlying physiology.
Intracerebroventricular injections of norepinephrine, GRH, galanin, and
pancreastatin also failed to increase food intake, although most substances
tended to or did increase water intake. These results suggest that
neuropeptides play a role in a species-specific way in modulating appetite
regulation.
233 NAL Call. No.: 450 P697
Neurotropic action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis in the
mouse.
Soulimani, R.; Fleurentin, J.; Mortier, F.; Misslin, R.; Derrieu, G.; Pelt,
J.M.
Stuttgart, W. Ger. : Georg Thieme Verlag; 1991 Apr.
Planta medica v. 57 (2): p. 105-109; 1991 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Melissa officinalis; Plant extracts; Essential oils; Analgesics;
Mice
234 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
A new anesthetic agent for use in the gerbil.
Hrapkiewicz, K.L.; Stein, S.; Smiler, K.L.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989.
Laboratory animal science v. 39 (4): p. 338-341; 1989. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gerbils; Anesthesia; Anesthetics
Abstract: Gerbils have been neglected in published reports on anesthesia.
This study compared several dosages of Telazol used for anesthesia in the
gerbil. Each group of animals injected with Telazol was evaluated for onset
and duration of anesthesia and analgesia. Results showed Telazol to be a safe
anesthetic and when dosed at 60 mg/kg to be suitable for major surgical
procedures. Lower dosages of Telazol, in contrast, provided immobility and
analgesia suitable for less nocioceptive and noninvasive experimental
manipulations. Dosages of Telazol required for surgical depth of analgesia and
anesthesia were accompanied by a prolonged recovery time. Gerbils should be
monitored closely to insure a safe recovery when using the higher dosages.
235 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992
Pain control with medetomidine in dogs, cats, and laboratory animals.
Vainio, O.
New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 213-219,
222-223; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Laboratory animals; Rats; Mice; Pain; Tests; Drugs;
Drug effects; Physiological functions
236 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66
Pain. II. Control of pain in animals.
Sackman, J.E.
Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company; 1991 Feb.
The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 13
(2): p. 181-187, 190-192; 1991 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Analgesics; Pain; Opium alkaloids; Receptors;
Narcotic antagonists; Antiinflammatory agents; Arachidonic acid; Mode of
action; Treatment; Dosage
237 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66
Pain: its perception and alleviation in dogs and cats. 1. The physiology of
pain.
Sackman, J.E.
Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company; 1991 Jan.
The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 13
(1): p. 71-75, 79. ill; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Pain; Physiology; Peripheral nerves; Animal anatomy;
Endorphins; Analgesics; Neurotransmitters
238 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Pharmacokinetics of butorphanol tartrate in rabbits.
Portnoy, L.G.; Hustead, D.R.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Apr.
American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (4): p. 541-543; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Analgesics; Pharmacokinetics; Half life; Intravenous
injection; Subcutaneous injection
Abstract: The pharmacokinetic properties of butorphanol tartrate were
determined in 7 rabbits after iv and sc injection (0.5 mg/kg of body weight).
A 2-compartment model (biexponential) best represented the concentration vs
time curve after IV injection. The half-life was calculated to be 1.64 hours
via IV administration, whereas SC injection resulted in an elimination
half-life of 3.16 hours.
239 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Pharmacokinetics of etomidate in cats.
Wertz, E.M.; Benson, G.J.; Thurmon, J.C.; Tranquilli, W.J.; Davis, L.E.;
Koritz, G.D.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Feb.
American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (2): p. 281-285; 1990 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cat; Anesthetics; Injections; Anesthesia; Pharmacokinetics
Abstract: Pharmacokinetic variables of etomidate were determined after IV
administration of etomidate (3.0 mg/kg of body weight). Blood samples were
collected for 6 hours. Disposition of this carboxylated imidazole best
conformed to a 2- (n = 2) and a 3- compartment (n = 4) open pharmacokinetic
model. The pharmacokinetic values were calculated for the overall best-fitted
model, characterized as a mixed 2- and 3-compartmental model. The first and
most rapid distribution half-life was 0.05 hour and a second distribution
half-life was 0.35 hour. Elimination half-life was 2.89 hours, apparent volume
of distribution was 11.87 +/- 4.64 L/kg, apparent volume of distribution at
steady state was 4.88 +/- 2.25 L/kg, apparent volume of the central
compartment was 1.17 +/- 0.70 L/kg, and total clearance was 2.47 +/- 0.78
L/kg/h.
240 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Pharmacokinetics of intramuscularly administered pethidine in dogs and the
influence of anaesthesia and surgery.
Waterman, A.E.; Kalthum, W.
London : The Association; 1989 Mar25.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 124
(12): p. 293-296; 1989 Mar25. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Surgical operations;
Pharmacokinetics; Intramuscular injection; Blood plasma
241 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A
Pharmacokinetics of propofol in mixed-breed dogs and Greyhounds.
Zoran, D.L.; Riedesel, D.H.; Dyer, D.C.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 May.
American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (5): p. 755-760; 1993 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Greyhound; Crossbreds; Anesthetics; Pharmacokinetics;
Anesthesia; Recovery; Breed differences
Abstract: Pharmacokinetics and recovery characteristics of propofol in
Greyhounds and mixed-breed dogs were compared. In all dogs, disposition of
propofol was adequately described by a 2-compartment open model, with a rapid
distribution phase followed by a slower elimination phase. When findings in
Greyhounds were compared with those in mixed-breed dogs, significant
differences were observed in mean concentrations of propofol in blood,
recovery characteristics, and estimates for apparent volume of distribution,
volume of distribution at steady state, and total body clearance. In addition,
Greyhounds recovered from anesthesia at higher concentrations of propofol than
did mixed-breed dogs. A secondary peak in blood propofol concentration was
observed in 8 of 10 Greyhounds and in 5 of 8 mixed-breed dogs. This peak
corresponded to the time of return of the righting reflex.
242 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Pharmacologic features of butorphanol in dogs and cats.
Hosgood, G.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1990 Jan01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 196 (1): p. 135-136;
1990 Jan01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Analgesics; Pharmacodynamics; Pharmacokinetics;
Adverse effects
243 NAL Call. No.: 475 J824
Picogram level determination of meditomidine in dog serum by capillary gas
chromatography with negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
Vuorilehto, L.; Salonen, J.S.; Anttila, M.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1989 Dec29.
Journal of chromatography v. 497: p. 282-287; 1989 Dec29. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Serums; Analgesics; Determination; Gas chromatography; Mass
spectrometry
244 NAL Call. No.: SF895.P76
A pilot study of the effects of anesthesia with isoflurane, thiopental,
methohexital, propofol, or nitrous oxide on magnetic motor evoked potentials
in the dog.
Young, S.S.; Sylvestre, A.M.
Santa Barbara, CA : Brillig Hill, Inc; 1992.
Progress in veterinary neurology v. 3 (3): p. 91-94; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Dogs; Thiopental; Nitrous oxide; Anesthesia;
Barbiturates; Halogenated hydrocarbons
245 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Platelet aggregation in dogs after sedation with acepromazine and atropine and
during subsequent general anesthesia and surgery.
Barr, S.C.; Ludders, J.W.; Looney, A.L.; Gleed, R.D.; Erb, H.N.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Nov.
American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (11): p. 2067-2070; 1992 Nov.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beagle; Dogs; Platelets; Aggregation; Atp; Anesthesia; Halothane;
Luminescence; Luciferase
Abstract: Platelet aggregation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release were
measured by use of the impedance method in blood samples obtained from 25
adult female Beagles before and after sedation with acepromazine (0.13 mg/kg
of body weight) and atropine (0.05 mg/kg), and during general anesthesia.
General anesthesia was induced by IV administration of thiamylal (average
dosage, 2.1 mg/kg, range, 1.2 to 4.2 mg/kg) and was maintained with halothane
in oxygen. Samples of jugular venous blood were obtained from each dog, using
citrate as anticoagulant. Platelet count was done on each sample. Platelet
aggregation and ATP released from the aggregating platelets were measured
within 2.5 hours of sample collection, using a whole-blood aggregometer.
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or collagen was used as aggregating agent. For
each aggregating agent, platelet aggregation and ATP release were measured
over 6 minutes. After sedation with acepromazine and atropine, significant (P
< 0.01) reduction was observed in platelet count (from median values of
341,000 cells/microliter to 283,000 cells/microliter) and in the ability of
platelets to aggregate in response to ADP (from 14.0 to 7.0 Ohms). During the
same period, maximal release of ATP in response to collagen also was reduced
(from 5.56 micromoles to 4.57 micromoles; P < 0.01); however, this difference
ceased to be significant when ATP release was normalized for platelet count.
During general anesthesia and surgery (200 minutes after sedation), platelet
count and aggregation responses to ADP and collagen had returned to
presedation values. None of the dogs in this study appeared to have hemostasis
problems during surgery. In conclusion, sedation with acepromazine and
atropine induces measurable inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation
that resolves during subsequent general anesthesia and surgery. Transient
inhibition of platelet aggregation is not manifested by a change in gross
hemostasis during surgery.
246 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 L62
Possible participation of endogenous opioid peptides on the mechanism involved
in analgesia induced by vouacapan.
Duarte, I.D.G.; Ferreira-Alves, D.L.; Nakamura-Craig, M.
Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1992.
Life sciences v. 50 (12): p. 891-897; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicinal plants; Seeds; Plant extracts; Opioid peptides;
Analgesics; Mode of action; Rats; Mice
Abstract: The involvement of opioid peptides in the mechanism of action of
vouacapan, a new experimental compound extracted from seeds of Pterodon
poligalaeflorus Benth, was investigated both in mice utilizing acetic acid
writhing response and in rats utilizing inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by
carrageenan and modified Randall-Selitto method. Vouacapan, in both models,
caused a dose-dependent analgesia when injected p.o., s.c. and i.p. The
analgesic effect was partially blocked by naloxone, nalorphine and
n-methyl-nalorphine. Significant tolerance to analgesic effect was observed
following repeated administration of vouacapan or morphine. On the last day of
treatment, cross administration revealed symmetrical and asymmetrical
cross-tolerance between vouacapan and morphine, in rats and mice,
respectively. We conclude that a release of endorphins could be involved in
the analgesic mechanism of vouacapan in both models studied.
247 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Post-operative analgesia following thoracotomy in the dog: an evaluation of
the effects of bupivacaine intercostal nerve block and nalbuphine on
respiratory function.
Flecknell, P.A.; Kirk, A.J.B.; Liles, J.H.; Hayes, P.H.; Dark, J.H.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1991 Oct.
Laboratory animals v. 25 (4): p. 319-324; 1991 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Postoperative care; Pain; Analgesics; Duration; Blood;
Gases
Abstract: Pain following thoracotomy reduces pulmonary ventilation in man and
a similar effect is believed to occur in animals. The effects of two analgesic
regimens on arterial blood gas parameters were studied in dogs following
thoracotomy. Post-operative analgesia was provided with intermittent
nalbuphine, either alone or in combination with an intercostal nerve block
using bupivacaine. Arterial blood gas analysis was carried out at 4, 8 and 16
h post-operatively, both before the administration of nalbuphine and again 30
min later. Animals which received nalbuphine alone had a significant rise in
arterial oxygenation following administration of this analgesic. This effect
was not observed at 4 and 8 h postoperatively in dogs which had an intercostal
block with bupivacaine, but was seen at 16 h post-operatively when it could be
anticipated that the effects of bupivacaine would have waned. These results
suggest that intercostal block with bupivacaine can provide analgesia for over
8 h, and that the duration of action of nalbuphine in controlling
post-operative pain in the dog is probably less than 4 h.
248 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33
Post-operative analgesia in rabbits and rodents.
Flecknell, P.A.
New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1991 Oct.
Lab animal v. 20 (9): p. 34-37; 1991 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Postoperative care; Pain; Analgesics
249 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Postoperative catecholamine response to onychectomy in isoflurane-anesthetized
cats: effect of analgesics.
Benson, G.J.; Wheaton, L.G.; Thurmon, J.C.; Tranquilli, W.J.; Olson, W.A.;
Davis, C.A.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1991 May.
Veterinary surgery v. 20 (3): p. 222-225; 1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Anesthesia; Analgesics; Surgical operations; Postoperative
care; Catecholamines; Morphine; Xylazine; Salicylates; Pain
250 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V523
Postoperative epidural analgesia.
McMurphy, R.M.
Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1993 Jul.
The Veterinary clinics of North America : Small animal practice v. 23 (4): p.
703-716; 1993 Jul. In the series analytic: Stifle surgery / edited by James
K. Roush. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Conduction anesthesia
251 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Potency of rapidly acting barbiturates in dogs, using inhibition of the
laryngeal reflex as the end point.
Turner, D.M.; Ilkiw, J.E.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Apr.
American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (4): p. 595-597; 1990 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Barbiturates; Thiopental; Larynx; Reflexes; Anesthesia;
Dosage effect
Abstract: Thiopental, thiamylal, and methohexital were administered to 30
dogs to determine equipotent doses necessary to inhibit laryngeal reflexes.
The doses studied were 7.1, 10.0, 14.1, 20.0, and 28.3 mg of thiopental/kg of
body weight; 5.7, 8.0, 11.3, 16.0, and 22.6 mg of thiamylal/kg; and 3.5, 5.0,
7.1, 10.0, and 14.1 mg of methohexital/kg. At 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 minutes after
injection, the presence or absence of the laryngoscopic reflex, pedal reflex,
and jaw tone were recorded. The times for return of each reflex, as well as
the ability to walk 10 steps without assistance, were also recorded. Using the
method of least squares, a probit analysis was performed on the quantal
responses at 1 minute. The effective dose in 50% of the population for the
laryngoscopic reflex was chosen as the end point for intubation, and the
computed doses necessary to achieve this end point were 19.4 mg of
thiopental/kg, 18.4 mg of thiamylal/kg, and 9.7 mg of methohexital/kg. When
potencies of the drugs were compared with that of thiopental (1), thiamylal
was found to be equipotent (1.06) and methohexital twice as potent (2.0). At
the accepted clinical dose, recovery times for thiopental (71.1 +/- 7.2
minutes) and thiamylal (75.3 +/- 7.7 minutes) were similar, and twice that for
methohexital (33.9 +/- 4.6 minutes).
252 NAL Call. No.: QP501.B64
Pregnancy and pentobarbital anaesthesia modify hepatic synthesis of
acylglycerol glycerol and glycogen from gluconeogenic precursors during
fasting in rats.
Zorzano, A.; Herrera, E.
London : The Biochemical Society; 1988 Dec01.
The Biochemical journal v. 256 (2): p. 487-491; 1988 Dec01. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Pregnancy; Pentobarbital; Anesthesia; Liver; Glycerol;
Fasting; Gluconeogenesis; Blood glucose; Glycogen
253 NAL Call. No.: RS160.J6
Preliminary studies on the antiinflammatory and analgesic activities of
Calotropis procera root extract.
Basu, A.; Chaudhuri, A.K.N.
Limerick : Elsevier Scientific Publishers; 1991 Mar.
Journal of ethno-pharmacology v. 31 (3): p. 319-324; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Calotropis procera; Roots; Plant extracts; Analgesics;
Antiinflammatory agents; Edema; Mice; Rats
Abstract: A chloroform-soluble fraction from Calotropis procera roots showed
significant dose-related antiinflammatory activity in rats using the
pharmacologic models of carrageenin-induced pedal oedema, cotton pellet
granuloma and formaldehyde-induced arthritis. In addition, significant
analgesic potential was demonstrated using acetic acid-induced writhing in
mice.
254 NAL Call. No.: RS164.P59
A preliminary study of Cedronella canariensis (L.) var. canariensis extracts
for antiinflammatory and analgesic activity in rats and mice.
Lopez-Garcia, R.E.; Rabanal, R.M.; Darias, V.; Martin-Herrera, D.; Carreiras,
M.C.; Rodriguez, B.
Sussex : John Wiley & Sons; 1991 Dec.
Phytotherapy research : PTR v. 5 (6): p. 273-275; 1991 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Canary Islands; Labiatae; Plant extracts; Medicinal plants;
Antiinflammatory agents; Analgesics; Antipyretics; Drug toxicity; Folk
medicine; Rats; Mice
255 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Prescription and use of analgesics in dogs and cats in a veterinary teaching
hospital: 258 cases (1983-1989).
Hansen, B.; Hardie, E.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1993 May01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 202 (9): p.
1485-1494; 1993 May01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Analgesics; Pain; Prescriptions; Frequency;
Postoperative care
256 NAL Call. No.: SF601.P76
Problems and complications associated with endocrine surgery in the dog and
cat.
Matthiesen, D.T.; Mullen, H.S.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Co; 1990 Dec.
Problems in veterinary medicine v. 2 (4): p. 627-667; 1990 Dec. In the series
analytic: Endocrinology / edited by R. Nichols. Literature review. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Surgical operations; Neoplasms; Preoperative care;
Postoperative complications; Endocrine diseases; Metastasis; Pancreas; Adrenal
glands; Animal anatomy; Parathyroid; Thyroid gland; Anesthesia; Preanesthetic
medication; Pituitary; Literature reviews
257 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292
Propofol anaesthesia in cats.
Brearley, J.C.; Kellagher, R.E.B.; Hall, L.W.
London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1988 May.
The Journal of small animal practice v. 29 (5): p. 315-322; 1988 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cat; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Surgery
258 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V6456
Propofol anaesthesia in the dog and cat.
Jones, R.S.
London : Wright; 1990.
The Veterinary annual (30): p. 200-202; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Anesthesia; Anesthetics
259 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Pulsus alternans during halothane anesthesia in a dog.
Bailey, J.E.; Muir, W.W. III; Skarda, R.T.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Jan.
Veterinary surgery v. 22 (1): p. 79-84; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Dogs; Halothane; Pulse rate; Anesthesia; Surgery;
Pyloroplasty
260 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63
Quantitative electroencephalography for measurement of central nervous system
responses to diazepam and the benzodiazepine antagonist, flumazenil, in
isoflurane-anaesthetized dogs.
Greene, S.A.; Moore, M.P.; Keegan, R.D.; Gallagher, L.V.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1992 Sep.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 15 (3): p. 259-266;
1992 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Diazepam; Antagonists; Drug antagonism;
Electroencephalography; Measurement
261 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992
Quantitative electroencephalography for monitoring responses to noxious
electrical stimulation in dogs anesthetized with halothane or with halothane
and morphine.
Greene, S.A.; Moore, M.P.; Keegan, R.D.; Gallagher, L.V.; Rosenthal, J.C.
New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 459-465,
478-479; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Pain; Electrical stimulation; Anesthetics; Central nervous
system; Electroencephalography; Morphine; Halothane; Animal experiments
262 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Quantitative electroencephalography in dogs anesthetized with 2.0% end-tidal
concentration of isoflurane anesthesia.
Moore, M.P.; Greene, S.A.; Keegan, R.D.; Gallagher, L.; Gavin, P.R.; Kraft,
S.L.; DeHaan, C.; Klappenbach, K.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Apr.
American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (4): p. 551-560. ill; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Electroencephalography; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Brain;
Physiological functions
Abstract: Quantitative electroencephalography was assessed in dogs under
controlled, 2% end-tidal isoflurane anesthetic conditions, and each variable
at each electrode site was tested for normal distribution. With the
quantitative electroencephalographic system used, 16 values for each of 21
electrode sites were evaluated. Absolute power ratios also were evaluated. The
methods for quantitative electroencephalographic recording and analysis appear
to be readily adaptable to the dog. Most of the data do not conform to a
normal distribution. Therefore, distribution-free nonparametric statistics
should be used when looking for differences under experimental or clinical
conditions. Quantitative electroencephalography appears to be a sensitive
noninvasive method that could be used to evaluate brain function under
anesthetic, clinical, and experimental settings.
263 NAL Call. No.: Slide no.379
Rabbits introduction to use in research.. Rabbits, introduction to use in
research
Van Hoosier, G. L.; DiGiacomo, R. F.
University of Washington, Health Sciences Center for Educational Resources
Seattle, WA : produced and distributed by University of Washington, Health
Sciences Center for Educational Resources,; 1990.
46 slides : col. + 1 sound cassette (19 min.) + 1 guide. (Laboratory animal
medicine and science. Series 2 ; V-9001). Publication date on guide: 1991.
Sound accompaniment compatible for automatic and manual operation.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits as laboratory animals; Animal welfare
Abstract: Presents laws and guidelines, historical use in research and
testing, development of alternatives, attributes as research animals,
recognition of pain and disease, and signs and significance of common
diseases.
264 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Radiographic evaluation of nonanesthetized and nonsedated dogs for hip
dysplasia.
Farrow, C.S.; Back, R.T.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1989 Feb15.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 194 (4): p. 524-526.
ill; 1989 Feb15. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Radiography; Anesthesia; Hip dysplasia; Breeds
265 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643
Recommended techniques in small animal anaesthesia. IV. Anaesthesia and
cardiac disease.
Seeler, D.C.; Dodman, N.H.; Norman, W.; Court, M.
London : Bailliere Tindall; 1988 Mar.
British veterinary journal v. 144 (2): p. 108-122; 1988 Mar. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Physiopathology; Heart
diseases; Monitoring
266 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Reduction of isoflurane anesthetic requirement by medetomidine and its
restoration by atipamezole in dogs.
Ewing, K.K.; Mohammed, H.O.; Scarlett, J.M.; Short, C.E.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Feb.
American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (2): p. 294-299; 1993 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Medetomidine; Inhaled anesthetics; Dosage; Narcotic
antagonists; Anesthesia; Drug antagonism
Abstract: The isoflurane-sparing effect of the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist
medetomidine (30 micrograms/kg of body weight, IV) was tested in 7 dogs, using
a blinded, randomized-block study design. The baseline minimal alveolar
concentration (MAC) of isoflurane was 1.18 vol% (95% confidence interval
[0.97,1.39]). Medetomidine significantly (P < 0.003) reduced isoflurane MAC by
47.2%. Atipamezole (0.3 mg/kg, IV), an alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist,
completely reversed the effect of medetomidine on isoflurane MAC. Atipamezole
alone did not significantly alter isoflurane MAC. After medetomidine
administration, marked bradycardia developed in all dogs and persisted for
more than 2 hours. Mean arterial blood pressure increased acutely, but later
decreased, and hypotension persisted for more than 2 hours. Atipamezole
reversed the bradycardic and hypotensive effects of medetomidine. Results of
this study indicate that medetomidine may be useful in clinical cases in which
isoflurane MAC-reduction is desirable and that atipamezole might be used to
reverse desirable and undesirable effects of medetomidine during isoflurane
anesthesia.
267 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Reduction of the ventricular arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine by ketamine
administration in halothane-anesthetized cats.
Bednarski, R.M.; Sams, R.A.; Majors, L.J.; Ashcraft, S.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Mar.
American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (3): p. 350-354; 1988 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cat; Ketamine; Halothane; Anesthesia; Adrenalin; Heart rate;
Blood pressure; Dosage effect
268 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Relative effects of xylazine-atropine, xylazine-atropine-ketamine, and
xylazine-atropine-pentobarbital combinations and time-course effects of the
latter two combinations on brain stem auditory-evoked potentials in dogs.
Tokuriki, M.; Matsunami, K.; Uzuka, Y.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Jan.
American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (1): p. 97-102; 1990 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Xylazine; Atropine; Ketamine; Pentobarbital; Drug
combinations; Drug effects; Brain; Electric potential
Abstract: Brain stem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEP) were recorded in 4
dogs to analyze the relationship between acoustic stimulus intensities and
peak latencies of each wave, and to investigate the relative effects of
xylazine-atropine-ketamine, and xylazine-atropine-pentobarbital combinations
and the time-course effects of the latter 2 drug combinations on BAEP. Click
stimulations fixed at a stimulus rate of 10/s and a frequency of 4 kHz were
delivered at intensities ranging from 10- to 110-dB sound pressure level (SPL)
in 10-dB steps for analyzing the relationship between the acoustic stimulus
intensities and the peak latencies and at an intensity of 110-dB SPL for
investigating the effects of the sedative and the anaesthetic drug
combinations and their time-course effects on BAEP. Waves I and VI were
identified with stimulus intensity of greater than or equal to 50-dB SPL. Wave
VII was observed in some records, but was excluded from statistical analysis.
As intensity was increased from 50- to 110-dB SPL, the latency decreased for
all waves during xylazine-atropine-ketamine anesthesia. There were no
statistically significant differences in the peak latencies of each wave in
BAEP among xylazine-atropine, xylazine-atropine-ketamine, and
xylazine-atropine-pentobarbital combinations 20 minutes after drug
administration, except that the latency of wave VI during xylazine-atropine
sedation was significantly (P < 0.01) shorter than that detected during
xylazine-atropine-ketamine or xylazine-atropine-pentobarbital anesthesia.
There were no significant changes in peak latencies of waves I, II, III, V,
and VI for 90 minutes after administration of the xylazine-atropine-ketamine
combination and for 120 minutes after administration of the
xylazine-atropine-pentobarbital combination. It was concluded that BAEP did
not change over time after xylazine-atropine-ketamine or xylazine-atropine
pentobarbital administration.
269 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Responses of laboratory animals to some injectable anaesthetics.
Smith, W.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1993 Jan.
Laboratory animals v. 27 (1): p. 30-39; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Injectable anesthetics
Abstract: Xylazine, ketamine, methohexitone and alphadalone/alphaxalone, were
administered intraperitoneally, intramuscularly or intravenously to mice,
rats, guineapigs and rabbits. Times for disappearance and reappearance of
reflexes were recorded, and duration of loss of reflex. Delivering a
predetermined dose gave a varying individual response, ranging from inadequate
anaesthesia to death. Using reflexes to assess depth of anaesthesia was of
limited value. Reflex movements to noxious stimuli generally persisted even at
dose rates that caused prolonged recovery times and death. Conversely, in rats
there was no response to a cutaneous stimulus in some animals even though
recumbency was almost restored.
270 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Reversal of atracurium neuromuscular block with neostigmine in the dog.
Jones, R.S.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1990 Jan.
Research in veterinary science v. 48 (1): p. 96-98; 1990 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Neostigmine; Drug antagonism; Anesthesia; Muscle relaxants;
Time; Dosage effect
271 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Reversal of fentanyl/fluanisone neuroleptanalgesia in the rabbit using mixed
agonist/antagonist opioids.
Flecknell, P.A.; Liles, J.H.; Wootton, R.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Apr.
Laboratory animals v. 23 (2): p. 147-155; 1989 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthesia; Fentanyl; Neuroleptics; Opium; Drug
antagonism; Drug synergy
Abstract: The reversal of the neuroleptanalagesic combination of
fentanyl/fluanisone using mixed agonist/antagonist opioids has been
investigated in the rabbit. All of the compounds studied (naloxone,
nalbuphine, meptazinol, butorphanol, buprenorphine, pentazocine, doxapram)
reversed the respiratory depression and sedation produced by
fentanyl/fluanisone. Fentanyl/fluanisone produced profound analgesia for 180
min, which was rapidly and completely antagonized by naloxone. The mixed
agonist/antagonist opioids produced a reduction in the degree of analgesia
but, in contrast to naloxone, analgesic activity persisted from 120 min
(meptazinol) to 420 min (buprenorphine). Administration of buprenorphine to
rabbits anaesthetized with fentanyl/fluanisone and midazolam confirmed that
the reversal of respiratory depression was accompanied by the return of
arterial pH, PCO2 and PCO2 to preanaesthetic values. The use of
neuroleptanalgesic anaesthetic regimens, which have been shown to provide
effective surgical anaesthesia, combined with reversal using a mixed
agonist/antagonist opioid to provide postoperative analgesia, appears to be a
valuable refinement of current laboratory animal anaesthetic practice.
272 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63
Reversal of medetomidine sedation by atipamezole in dogs.
Vainio, O.; Vaha-Vahe, T.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1990 Mar.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 13 (1): p. 15-22; 1990
Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Drug antagonism; Narcotic
antagonists; Adverse effects
273 NAL Call. No.: 500 N21P
Rheoreceptors in the carotid sinus of dog.
Hajduczok, G.; Chapleau, M.W.; Abboud, F.M.
Washington, D.C. : The Academy; 1988 Oct.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America v. 85 (19): p. 7399-7403; 1988 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Pressoreceptors; Neurophysiology; Blood pressure;
Anesthesia
274 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63
Sedative and analgesic effects of medetomidine in dogs.
Vainio, O.; Vaha-Vahe, T.; Palmu, L.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1989 Jun.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 12 (2): p. 225-231;
1989 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Anesthesia; Drug effects
275 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69
Selecting the right analgesics: indications and dosage requirements.
Tranquilli, W.J.; Fikes, L.L.; Raffe, M.R.
Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Company; 1989 Jul.
Veterinary medicine v. 84 (7): p. 692-697; 1989 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Analgesics; Dosage effect; Anesthetics; Pain
276 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Side effects of etomidate in dogs.
Muir, W.W. III; Mason, D.E.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1989 May15.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 194 (10): p.
1430-1434; 1989 May15. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Adverse effects; Diazepam;
Morphine; Drugs
277 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
A simple laryngoscopic technique for the endotracheal intubation of rabbits.
Macrae, D.J.; Guerreiro, D.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Jan.
Laboratory animals v. 23 (1): p. 59-61. ill; 1989 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthesia; Larynx; Trachea; Endoscopy
Abstract: A safe and reliable technique for the endotracheal intubation of
rabbits is described. Direct laryngoscopy is followed by intubation of the
trachea with a fine catheter, and subsequent advancement of the endotracheal
tube over this catheter.
278 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
A simple method for collection of blood from the rat foot.
Snitily, M.U.; Gentry, M.J.; Mellencamp, M.A.; Preheim, L.C.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Jun.
Laboratory animal science v. 41 (3): p. 285-287; 1991 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Blood sampling; Collection; Feet; Anesthesia
279 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
A simple technique for artificial cardiac pacing in closed chest anesthetized
rats.
Hoffman, A.; Keiser, H.R.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Jul.
Laboratory animal science v. 40 (4): p. 426-427; 1990 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Heart; Electrodes; Catheterization
280 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1X4
Species differences in blood profiles, metabolism and excretion of
14C-propofol after intravenous dosing to rat, dog and rabbit.
Simons, P.J.; Cockshott, I.D.; Douglas, E.J.; Gordon, E.A.; Knott, S.; Ruane,
R.J.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Oct.
Xenobiotica v. 21 (10): p. 1243-1256; 1991 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthetics; Intravenous injection; Drug metabolism;
Excretion; Species differences; Rabbits; Rats
Abstract: 1. Bolus i.v. doses of 14C-propofol (7-10 mg/kg) to rat, dog and
rabbit, or an infusion dose (0.47 mg/kg per min for 6 h) to dog were
eliminated primarily in urine (60-95% dose); faecal elimination (13-31%)
occurred for rat and dog, but was minimal (< 2%) for rabbit. 2. After bolus
administration, blood 14C concentrations were maximal (8-30 micrograms
equiv./ml) at 2-15 min; these declined rapidly during the 0-2 h period and
thereafter more slowly. Propofol concentrations were maximal (4-16
micrograms/ml) at 2 min and the profiles were best fitted by a tri-exponential
(rat and dog) or bi-exponential (rabbit) equation. Duration of sleep ranged
from 5 to 8 min. 3. Infusion of 14C-propofol in dog gave a blood 14C
concentration of 117 micrograms equiv./ml at the end of the 6 h infusion
period; this declined at a similar rate to that after the bolus dose. Propofol
concentration on termination of infusion was 13 micrograms/ml; thereafter,
propofol concentrations declined less rapidly than after the bolus dose.
Waking occurred about 44 min post-infusion. 4. Propofol was cleared by
conjugation of the parent molecule or its quinol metabolite; hydroxylation of
an isopropyl group also occurred in rat and rabbit. Biliary excretion leading
to enterohepatic recirculation, and in turn increased sulphate conjugation,
occurred in rat and dog, but not rabbit, resulting in a marked interspecies
variation in drug clearance and metabolite profiles.
281 NAL Call. No.: RS160.J6
Studies on the constituents of Aconitum species. IX. The pharmacological
properties of pyro-type aconitine alkaloids, components of processed aconite
powder 'Kako-bushi-matsu': analgesic, antiinflammatory and acute toxic
activities.
Murayama, M.; Mori, T.; Bando, H.; Amiya, T.
Limerick : Elsevier Scientific Publishers; 1991 Dec.
Journal of ethno-pharmacology v. 35 (2): p. 159-164; 1991 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Japan; China; Aconitum; Analgesics; Antiinflammatory agents;
Toxic substances; Alkaloids; Mice; Traditional medicines
Abstract: Eight pyro-type aconitine alkaloids contained in the processed
aconite powder 'Kako-bushi-matsu were studied for their analgesic,
antiinflammatory and acute toxic actions. All these compounds showed
significant analgesic and antiinflammatory actions. Among the pyro-type
alkaloids was lower than that of each of the parent alkaloids, aconitine,
mesaconitine, hypaconitine and jesaconitine. However, pyro-type aconitine
alkaloids had very low toxicity, and the decreasing rates of the toxicity in
changing from the parent alkaloids to the pyro-type aconitine alkaloids were
much larger than those relating to the analgesic activity. Eight pyro-type
aconitine alkaloids were found to inhibit the carrageenin-induced hind paw
edema at 2 to 6 h after the carrageenin subplantar injection. Consequently, it
was demonstrated that the pyro-type aconitine alkaloids produced through the
processing of raw aconite roots. 'Bushi' have a role in the medicinal effects
of the processed aconite powder 'Kako-bushi-matsu.
282 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992
Studies on the role of adrenergic receptors in a model of tonic pain.
Tasker, R.A.R.
New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 155, 164,
175-176; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Rats; Pain; Alpha-adrenergic receptors;
Drugs; Testing; Drug effects; Analgesics; Yohimbine; Dosage; Methoxamine
283 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66
Surgical and anesthetic management of puppies and kittens.
Hosgood, G.
Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company, Inc; 1992 Mar.
The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 14
(3): p. 345-348, 350-353, 356-359; 1992 Mar. Literature review. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Puppies; Kittens; Preoperative care; Surgery; Respiratory system;
Cardiovascular system; Liver; Kidneys; Age differences; Case reports;
Anesthetics; Metabolism; Monitoring; Body temperature regulation;
Pharmacokinetics; Sutures; Postoperative care; Antibiotics; Bandages;
Literature reviews
284 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Surgical techniques for neutering 6- to 14-week-old kittens.
Aronsohn, M.G.; Faggella, A.M.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1993 Jan01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 202 (1): p. 53-55;
1993 Jan01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kittens; Castration; Ovariectomy; Postoperative complications;
Anesthesia; Age
285 NAL Call. No.: SF985.F4
Suspected adverse reaction to xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in a cat.
Raptopoulos, D.; Papazoglou, L.; Galatos, A.
Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Co; 1993 Jul.
Feline practice v. 21 (4): p. 29-29; 1993 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Xylazine; Ketamine; Adverse effects
286 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Suspected malignant hyperthermia after halothane anesthesia in a cat.
Bellah, J.R.; Robertson, S.A.; Buergelt, C.D.; McGavin, A.D.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1989 Nov.
Veterinary surgery v. 18 (6): p. 483-488; 1989 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cat; Halothane; Anesthesia; Hyperthermia; Case studies
287 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Thermal burns in four dogs during anesthesia.
Dunlop, C.I.; Daunt, D.A.; Haskins, S.C.
Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1989 May.
Veterinary surgery v. 18 (3): p. 242-246. ill; 1989 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Burns; Hypothermia
288 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63
Thiamylal- and halothane-sparing effect of diazepam in dogs.
Muir, W.W. III; Bednarski, L.; Bednarski, R.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Mar.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 14 (1).: p. 46-50; 1991
Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Diazepam; Preanesthetic medication; Halothane; Anesthetics;
Dosage
289 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Thiamylal-sparing effect of midazolam for canine endotracheal intubation. A
clinical study of 118 dogs.
Greene, S.A.; Benson, G.J.; Hartsfield, S.M.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Jan.
Veterinary surgery v. 22 (1): p. 69-72; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Illinois; Texas; Dogs; Benzodiazepines; Anesthesia;
Surgery; Neuroleptics
290 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Thoracic vertebral osteochondroma in a cat.
Reidarson, T.H.; Metz, A.L.; Hardy, R.M.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1988 Apr15.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 192 (8): p.
1102-1104. ill; 1988 Apr15. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cat; Neoplasms; Spinal diseases; Pain; Surgical operations
291 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Tissue response to intramuscular and intraperitoneal injections of ketamine
and xylazine in rats.
Smiler, K.L.; Stein, S.; Hrapkiewicz, K.L.; Hiben, J.R.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Jan.
Laboratory animal science v. 40 (1): p. 60-64. ill; 1990 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Ketamine; Xylazine; Intramuscular injection;
Intraperitoneal injection; Anesthesia; Lesions; Strain differences; Muscles;
Necrosis
Abstract: Ketamine-xylazine is a widely accepted anesthetic combination for
laboratory animals. Although frequently recommended for administration by
intramuscular (IM) or intraperitoneal (IP) routes, the potential for tissue
damage following either route of administration in the rat has not been
investigated. This study evaluated tissue damage after IM use at two doses in
Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats. Tissue reactions following IP injections
of ketamine-xylazine were compared to lesions produced by IM injections in
animals euthanatized on 1, 3 and 14 days post-injection. Results showed muscle
necrosis present in nearly all ketamine-xylazine injected limbs.
Intraperitoneal injections produced no significant lesions in the peritoneal
cavity when careful IP injection techniques were used. Ketamine-xylazine
should not be administered by the IM route for survival procedures in these
two widely used strains of rats.
292 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V6456
Toxic hazards to cats.
Evans, R.J.
London : Scientechnica; 1988.
The Veterinary annual v. 28: p. 251-260; 1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cat; Poisoning; Toxic substances; Analgesics; Insecticides; Heavy
metals; Ethylene glycol; Poisonous plants
293 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Trigger points in 48 dogs with myofascial pain syndromes.
Janssens, L.A.A.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1991 Jul.
Veterinary surgery v. 20 (4): p. 274-278; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Pain; Lameness; Anesthetics; Analgesics
294 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
The use lignocaine-prilocaine local anaesthetic cream for pain-free
venepuncture in laboratory animals.
Flecknell, P.A.; Liles, J.H.; Williamson, H.A.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1990 Apr.
Laboratory animals v. 24 (2): p. 142-146; 1990 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Local anesthetics; Local anesthesia;
Lidocaine; Intravenous injection; Ointments
Abstract: An assessment was made of the effects of topical application of a
eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA cream) in a number of species of
laboratory animals. Application of EMLA cream enabled percutaneous insertion
of catheters into the cephalic vein in dogs and cats and the marginal ear vein
in rabbits without causing any detectable pain or discomfort. Application to
the tail in rats prior to percutaneous cannulation of the lateral tail vein
did not produce a significant reduction in the behavioural responses to
venepuncture. EMLA cream represents a useful refinement of current techniques
for intravenous injection in some species, and is especially valuable when the
procedure is to be undertaken by an inexperienced operator.
295 NAL Call. No.: SF914.A53 1990
Use of analgesic for postsurgical pain in dogs and cats.
Sawyer, D.C.
Columbia, Md. : American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, 1990? :.;
1990.
Anesthesia and analgesia in laboratory animals : proceedings -- 1990 Forum,
American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Columbia Inn, Columbia,
Maryland, May 3-6, 1990. p. 93-99; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Analgesics
296 NAL Call. No.: SF910.5.V4
Use of epidural morphine in the dog for pain relief.
Valverde, A.; Dyson, D.H.; McDonell, W.N.; Pascoe, P.J.
Stuttgart : F.K. Schattauer Publishers; 1989 Jun.
Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology : V.C.O.T. v. 2 (2):
p. 55-58. ill; 1989 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Morphine; Pain; Conduction anesthesia
297 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Use of ketamine-HCl anesthesia in studies of chylomicron-triglyceride
metabolism in the rat.
Brown, C.M.; Layman, D.K.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Mar.
Laboratory animal science v. 40 (2): p. 183-185; 1990 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Anesthesia; Ketamine; Chylomicron lipids; Lipid metabolism;
Skeletal muscle; Heart; Kidneys
Abstract: Ketamine with 10% acepromazine (Km/Ac) was evaluated for use in an
investigation of plasma chylomicron-triglyceride clearance in rats. Clearance
rate and the half-life of radiolabeled (14C) chylomicron triglycerides plus
tissue uptake of 14C-fatty acids were equal in Km/Ac anesthetized and
non-anesthetized rats. Km/Ac was found to be a suitable anesthesia in rats for
the study of plasma chylomicron-triglyceride clearance.
298 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Use of low-flow and closed-system anesthesia.
Wagner, A.E.; Bednarski, R.M.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Apr01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 200 (7): p.
1005-1010; 1992 Apr01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Anesthesia; Oxygen; Flow
299 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the relief of pain in
laboratory rodents and rabbits.
Liles, J.H.; Flecknell, P.A.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Oct.
Laboratory animals v. 26 (4): p. 241-255; 1992 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Mice; Rabbits; Pain; Antiinflammatory agents; Analgesics;
Dosage; Adverse effects
Abstract: The data concerning the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs) and evidence for their efficacy in laboratory rats and mice are
reviewed. This information is then extrapolated to clinical situations and
dose rates that take account of ulcerogenic side effects are recommended.
NSAIDs have the potential to be a very useful group of analgesics and should
always be considered when attempting to provide pain relief in laboratory
animals.
300 NAL Call. No.: 391.8 F73
Use of ophthalmic topical anaesthetics.
Seabaugh, V.M.; Chambers, W.A.; Green, S.; Gupta, K.C.; Hill, R.N.; Hurley,
P.M.; Lambert, L.A.; Lee, C.C.; Lee, J.K.; Liu, P.T.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1993 Feb.
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the
British Industrial Biological Research Association v. 31 (2): p. 95-98; 1993
Feb. Workshop on "Updating Eye Irritation Test Methods: Proposals for
Regulatory Consensus," held September 26-27, 1991, Washington, D.C. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Eyes; Anesthetics; Irritant properties; Testing; Topical
application; Rabbits
301 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992
Use of opioids in providing postoperative analgesia in the dog: a double-blind
trial of pethidine, pentazocine, buprenorphine, and butorphanol.
Waterman, A.E.; Kalthum, W.
New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 466-476, 479;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Opioids; Postoperative care; Analgesics; Trials; Pethidine;
Anesthetics; Drug effects
302 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Use of pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography to determine aortic and pulmonary
velocity and flow variables in clinically normal dogs.
Brown, D.J.; Knight, D.H.; King, R.R.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Apr.
American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (4): p. 543-550. ill; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Echocardiography; Velocity; Blood flow; Normal values;
Aorta; Pulmonary artery; Cardiac output; Hemodynamics
Abstract: Transcutaneous pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography was used to
obtain velocity signals from the aortic and pulmonary roots of clinically
normal adult dogs tranquilized with acepromazine. Doppler-derived variables
included peak ejection velocity, ejection time, and velocity-time integral.
The cross-sectional areas of the left and right ventricular outflow tracts
were estimated from diameters of the respective orifices measured from
two-dimensional echocardiographic images. These data were used to calculate
stroke volume and cardiac output for each ventricle. Linear, single variable
regressions of ejection time, velocity-time integral, and peak velocity with
body weight showed no significant correlations. Significant correlations
existed between body weight and estimated left and right ventricular stroke
volume and cardiac output. A close correspondence existed between pulmonary
and aortic determinations of velocity-time integral, stroke volume, and
cardiac output. These results provide an initial framework for interpretation
of clinical data by veterinary cardiologists.
303 NAL Call. No.: SF601.J62
Use of the laboratory rabbit in the small animal student surgery laboratory.
Boothe, H.W.; Hartsfield, S.M.
Blacksburg, Va. : The Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges;
1990.
Journal of veterinary medical education v. 17 (1): p. 16-18; 1990. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Veterinary education; Surgery; Rabbits; Anesthesia; Surgical
operations; Learning experiences; Animal anatomy; Animal testing alternatives
304 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66
Using bupivacaine hydrochloride for lumbosacral epidural analgesia.
Heath, R.B.; Broadstone, R.V.; Wright, M.; Grandy, J.L.
Lawrenceville, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company; 1989 Jan.
The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 11
(1): p. 50-52, 54-55. ill; 1989 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Limbs; Surgery; Analgesics; Anesthesia; Loins; Spines
305 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Vaporizer in circle for delivery of isoflurane to dogs.
Bednarski, R.M.; Gaynor, J.S.; Muir, W.W. III
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1993 Mar15.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 202 (6): p. 943-948;
1993 Mar15. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthetics; Vaporization; Veterinary equipment; Drug
delivery systems; Safety
306 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292
Vecuronium infusion in the dog.
Jones, R.S.; Young, L.E.
London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1991 Oct.
The Journal of small animal practice v. 32 (10): p. 509-512; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Muscle relaxants; Anesthesia; Dosage; Neostigmine; Atropine
307 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Ventricular arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine in dogs and cats anesthetized
with tiletamine/zolazepam and halothane.
Bednarski, R.M.; Muir, W.W. III
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Sep.
American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (9): p. 1468-1470; 1990 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Epinephrine; Dosage; Arrhythmia; Halothane;
Injectable anesthetics; Anesthesia
Abstract: The ventricular arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ADE) was
determined in 6 dogs anesthetized with halothane alone or with halothane after
injection of tiletamine/zolazepam (TZ). Respiratory rate and tidal volume were
controlled and sodium bicarbonate was administered to maintain arterial pH and
blood gas values within reference range. Heart rate and arterial blood
pressure were recorded during determination of the ADE. The ADE (mean +/- SD)
was no different during anesthesia with use of halothane alone (8.9 +/- 4.3)
than it was when injections of TZ preceded administration of halothane (6.7
+/- 2.8). Tiletamine/zolazepam was also administered IV immediately after
determination of the ADE during halothane-induced anesthesia. The TZ
administered in this manner did not alter the ADE. Blood pressure and heart
rate were significantly greater during infusion of epinephrine thn immediately
prior to infusion. The administration of TZ did not a lter blood pressure
response. The ADE was also determined in 6 cats anesthetized with halothane
preceded by administration of TZ. The ADE (mean +/- SD) was 0.7 +/- 0.23
microgram/kg, a value similar to that reported for cats during anesthesia with
halothane alone.
308 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66
The veterinarian's responsibility: assessing and managing acute pain in dogs
and cats. I.
Johnson, J.M.
Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company; 1991 May.
The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 13
(5): p. 804-807; 1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Pain; Treatment; Animal welfare; Postoperative care
309 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66
The veterinarian's responsibility: assessing and managing acute pain in dogs
and cats. II.
Johnson, J.M.
Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company; 1991 Jun.
The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 13
(6): p. 911-916, 921; 1991 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Pain; Analgesics; Animal welfare; Opioids; Drug
combinations; Postoperative care
310 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Xylazaine or medetomidine premedication before propofol anaesthesia.
Cullen, L.K.; Reynoldson, J.A.
London : The Association; 1993 Apr10.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 132
(15): p. 378-383; 1993 Apr10. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Preanesthetic medication; Anesthetics
311 NAL Call. No.: 391.8 T662
Xylazine-induced pulmonary edema in rats.
Amouzadeh, H.R.; Sangiah, S.; Qualls, C.W. Jr; Cowell, R.L.; Mauromoustakos,
A.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 May.
Toxicology and applied pharmacology v. 108 (3): p. 417-427; 1991 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Xylazine; Drug toxicity; Lungs; Edema; Etiology; Rats
Abstract: Inhibitors of cytochrome P450, such as SK&F 525-A, prolong the
duration of xylazine-ketamine anesthesia and cause pulmonary edema (PE) and
death in rats. To determine the cause of PE, Sprague-Dawley rats were given a
single dose of xylazine (21 mg/kg, im) alone or in combination with ketamine
(45 mg/kg, im) and/or SK&F 525-A (50 mg/kg, ip) and percentage lung to body
weight (%LW/BW) ratios (as an indicator of PE) were compared. The results
indicated that xylazine caused PE which was independent of ketamine and was
enhanced by SK&F 525-A. Subsequently, it was determined that 42 mg/kg
xylazine, im, is an optimal edemagenic dose. Xylazine (42 mg/kg, im) increased
the %LW/BW ratio as compared to control. Pleural effusion (PLE) of various
amounts was observed in 75% of the animals. The pleural fluid to serum protein
ratio for xylazine was similar to that obtained for alpha-naphthylthiourea (5
mg/kg, ip). Extensive serous PLE and alveolar edema with hemorrhage were found
at necropsy in xylazine-treated rats. Pretreatment with yohimbine (4.2 mg/kg),
prazosin (20 mg/kg), tolazoline (20 mg/kg), yohimbine (4.2 mg/kg) plus
prazosin (20 mg/kg), atropine (20 mg/kg), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (7.8
g/kg), allopurinol (50 mg/kg), superoxide dismutase (20,000 U/kg), catalase
(20,000 U/kg), BW755C (50 mg/kg), ibuprofen (50 mg/kg), cystathionine (100
mg/kg) plus taurine (100 mg/kg) did not affect the %LW/BW ratio. PLE was
increased by yohimbine, yohimbine plus prazosin, and allopurinol, reduced by
DMSO, and not changed in other groups. The results indicate that xylazine
caused increased-permeability PE characterized by rapid onset, cellular damage
and protein-rich pleural fluid. PE may not be mediated by adverse
cardiovascular effects of xylazine and oxygen radicals are possibly involved
in its etiology.
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