 Animal Models of DiseaseProvided by the Animal Welfare
Information Center
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January 1988 - January 1994
United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library
10301 Baltimore Blvd.
Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351
QB 94-19
Animal Models of DiseaseProvided by the Animal Welfare
Information Center
|
United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library
10301 Baltimore Blvd.
Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351
QB 94-19
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Quick Bibliography Series: QB 94-19
Updates QB 93-61
226 citations from AGRICOLA
Cynthia P. Smith and Jean A. Larson
Animal Welfare Information Center
April 1994 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
Smith, Cynthia Petrie
Animal models of disease.
(Quick bibliography series ; 94-19)
1.Diseases--Animal models--Bibliography. I. Larson, Jean A. II. Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.94-19
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AGRICOLA
Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA database between January 1979 and the present.
SAMPLE CITATIONS
Citations in this bibliography are from the National Agricultural Library's
AGRICOLA database. An explanation of sample journal article, book, and
audiovisual citations appears below.
JOURNAL ARTICLE:
Citation # NAL Call No.
Article title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher. Journal Title. Date. Volume
(Issue). Pages. (NAL Call Number).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8.SCH6
Morrison, S.B. Denver, Colo.: American School Food Service Association.
School foodservice journal. Sept 1987. v. 41 (8). p.48-50. ill.
BOOK:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date. Information on pagination,
indices, or bibliographies.
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL RM218.K36 1987
Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
Kane, June Kozak. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.
Includes index. xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm. Bibliography: p. 126.
AUDIOVISUAL:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date.
Supplemental information such as funding. Media format
(i.e., videocassette): Description (sound, color, size).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV
All aboard the nutri-train.
Mayo, Cynthia. Richmond, Va.: Richmond Public Schools,
1981. NET funded. Activity packet prepared by Cynthia
Mayo. 1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +
activity packet. Animal Models of Disease
January 1988 - January 1994
SEARCH STRATEGY
Set Items Description
1 956 ANIMAL( )MODEL?
2 239418 DISEASE??
3 449 S1 AND S2
4 255 S3 AND PY=1988:1994
Animal Models of Disease
1 NAL Call. No.: RC628.A1O2
Abnormalities of plasma lipoproteins in a new genetically obese rat with non-
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Wistar fatty rat). Jiao, S.; Matsuzawa,
Y.; Matsubara, K.; Kubo, M.; Tokunaga, K.; Odaka, H.; Ikeda, H.; Matsuo, T.;
Tarui, S.
Basingstoke, Hampshire : The Macmillan Press Ltd; 1991 Jul. International
journal of obesity v. 15 (7): p. 487-495; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Obesity; Diabetes mellitus; Insulin; Cholesterol acyltransferase;
Lipoproteins; Apolipoproteins; Blood plasma; Diet; Intestinal absorption; Rats
Abstract: We investigated plasma lipoprotein profiles and the activities of
tissue cholesterol regulating enzymes in Wistar fatty rats, an animal model for
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Wistar fatty rats were made by
transfer of the fa gene to the Wistar Kyoto rats by backcross-breeding. Wistar
fatty and control non-diabetic littermates were given a laboratory chow or an
atherogenic diet containing 1 percent (weight percent) cholesterol, 0.5 percent
cholic acid, and 5 percent lard. Under the chow diet, plasma fasting glucose
and immunoreactive insulin concentrations in Wistar fatty rats were 1.5- and 6-
fold higher than controls, respectively. Plasma cholesterol was significantly
increased in Wistar fatty rats compared with controls. Elevated plasma
cholesterol levels in Wistar fatties was accounted for by the increases of
cholesterol content in the d < 1.006 g/ml lipoprotein and high-density
lipoproteins. Under the atherogenic diet, plasma cholesterol levels in Wistar
fatties were further increased by 129 percent compared with controls. The diet-
induced increase of cholesterol contents was shown in all lipoprotein classes
for Wistar fatty rats. The activities of regulatory enzymes for cholesterol
biosynthesis or absorption were measured in Wistar fatty rats. Both hepatic and
intestinal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase activities were
significantly higher in Wistar fatty rats than those in controls (P < 0.05 and
P < 0.01, respectively). ACAT activities in Wistar fatties were significantly
increased in the intestine (P < 0.05) and decreased in the liver in comparison
with controls (P < 0.01). Cholesterol loading caused suppression of HMG-CoA
reductase activities and enhancement of ACAT activities of both tissues in
Wistar fatty rats as much as in controls. These data suggest that
hypercholesterolemia in the NIDDM rats might be attributed to the increases in
both de novo synthesis and intestinal absorption of cholesterol. Magnified
response of
2 NAL Call. No.: RA784.A1I5
Activity-induced anorexia in rats does not affect hypothalamic neuropeptide
gene expression chronically.
Wong, M.L.; Licinio, J.; Gold, P.W.; Glowa, J.
New York, N.Y. : John Wiley & Sons; 1993 May.
The International journal of eating disorders v. 13 (4): p. 399-405; 1993 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Physical activity; Anorexia; Hypothalamus; Neuropeptides; Gene
expression; Rats
Abstract: Hypothalamic neuropeptides are thought to contribute to the
pathophysiology of eating disorders. In an animal model with chronic
abnormalities of energy expenditure, appetitive behavior, and body weight,
without acute food restriction, we found alterations in peripheral levels of
adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone, but no alterations in the
expression of neuropeptides genes that are known to regulate ingestive behavior
and food intake acutely. Our data suggest that activation of hypothalamic-
pituitary-adrenal function in activity anorexia may not be due to increased
transcription of corticotropin-releasing hormone gene, but might be related to
posttranscriptional events or to other neuropeptides, such as arginine
vasopressin. Furthermore, we suggest that abnormalities in neuropeptides
observed in eating disorders may be caused by acute food restriction, rather
than by chronic hyperactivity, anorexia, and low weight.
3 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J824
Acute effects of exercise on food intake in obese and nonobese women.
Kissileff, H.R.; Pi-Sunyer, F.X.; Segal, K.; Meltzer, S.; Foelsch, P.A.
Baltimore, Md. : American Society for Clinical Nutrition; 1990 Aug. American
journal of clinical nutrition v. 52 (2): p. 240-245. charts; 1990 Aug.
Includes 29 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Appetite; Exercise; Energy expenditure; Food intake; Obesity;
Hunger; Satiety; Women
Abstract: The animal model of exercise-induced anorexia was employed in humans
to develop a laboratory paradigm for studying the acute effect of exercise on
food intake. Each of nine obese and nine nonobese women exercised either
strenuously (90 W) or moderately (30 W) on a cycle ergometer for 40 min or
rested in the laboratory on each of 3 nonconsecutive days. Intake of a
liquefied test meal (1.04 kcal/g) eaten 15 min after exercise was significantly
less after the strenuous (620 g) than after the moderate (754 g) exercise in
the nonobese women but was no different after the two conditions (532 g after
strenuous, 581 g after moderate) in the obese women. Heart rate and energy
expenditure were increased in proportion to the exercise by the same amount in
both groups. The results demonstrate for the first time that food intake is
reduced immediately after strenuous exercise in nonobese women, as it is in
animals, and validate the feasibility of this laboratory paradigm.
4 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 P27
Age-related changes in the prostate and testes of the beagle dog. Lowseth,
L.A.; Gerlach, R.F.; Gillett, N.A.; Muggenburg, B.A. Lawrence, Kan. : American
College of Veterinary Pathologists; 1990 Sep. Veterinary pathology v. 27 (5):
p. 347-353; 1990 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Prostate; Weight; Testes; Histology; Blood serum;
Testosterone; Aging; Age differences; Animal models
5 NAL Call. No.: TX345.B74
Alcoholism and folate homeostasis.
Halsted, C.H.
San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1989.
Bristol-Myers Squibb/Mead Johnson nutrition symposia v. 7: p. 249-266. charts;
1989. In the series analytic: Nutrition and the Origins of Disease / edited by
G.H. Halsted and R.B. Rucker. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Folic acid; Alcoholism; Vitamin deficiencies; Nutrition
physiology; Liver; Nutrient balance; Literature reviews
Abstract: This chapter examines a variety of issues relating to folate
deficiency and alcoholism: 1) incidence; 2) clinical significance (anemia,
intestinal mucosa, hepatic injury and regeneration); 3) pathogenesis (dietary
inadequacy, intestinal malabsorption; hepatobiliary metabolism, urinary
excretion); and 4) animal models.
6 NAL Call. No.: SF601.J65
Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in canine lymphoma.
Vail, D.M.; Ogilvie, G.K.; Wheeler, S.L.; Fettman, M.J.; Johnston, S.D.;
Hegstad, R.L.
Hagerstown, Md. : American College of Veterinary Medicine; 1990 Jan. Journal of
veterinary internal medicine v. 4 (1): p. 8-11; 1990 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Lymphoma; Carbohydrate metabolism disorders; Blood sugar;
Glucose tolerance; Blood serum; Lactic acid; Insulin; Cachexia; Disease models;
Animal models
7 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Alternatives to the use of conventional research animals in neoplasia research.
Ladiges, W.C.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Mar01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 200 (5): p. 674-676;
1992 Mar01. Paper presented at the symposium "Animal welfare and alternatives
to animals--current knowledge and research needs", July 31, 1991, Seattle,
Washington. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal testing alternatives; Medical research; Neoplasms; Animal
models; Disease models
8 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1J68
Amino acid availability and brain development: effects of nutritional and
metabolic inadequacies.
Huether, G.
Basingstoke : The Macmillan Press Ltd; 1989.
European journal of clinical nutrition v. 43 (suppl.1): p. 19-25; 1989.
Includes 25 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Amino acids; Bioavailability; Brain disorders;
Hyperphenylalaninemia; Child development; Protein metabolism; Protein
synthesis; Malnutrition; Neurotransmitters; Serotonin; Animal models; Man
Abstract: Inadequacies of the brain's amino acid supply are relevant to the
processes of protein accretion and transmitter synthesis during brain
development. Experimental hyperphenylalaninaemia has demonstrated the
consequences of rather severe imbalances of the brain's amino acid supply. An
inadequate supply of essential amino acids has been shown to influence a
variety of developmental processes.
9 NAL Call. No.: QP501.C6
An animal model of systemic carnitine deficiency produced by haemodialysis of
sheep.
Snoswell, A.M.; Fishlock, R.C.; Runciman, W.B.; Carapetis, R. Oxford : Pergamon
Press; 1989.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology : B : Comparative biochemistry v. 93
(4): p. 741-745; 1989. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Models; Deficiency diseases; Carnitine; Hemodialysis
10 NAL Call. No.: TD172.J6
An animal model to assess the potential for viral disease transmission from
lawns irrigated with wastewater.
Deming, E.J.; Mote, C.R.; Von Bernuth, R.D.; Potgieter, L.N.D. New York, N.Y. :
Marcel Dekker; 1992 Dec.
Journal of environmental science and health : Part A : Environmental science
and engineering v. 27 (8): p. 2199-2211; 1992 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Irrigation; Waste water; Contamination; Porcine
enterovirus; Pigs; Disease transmission; Animal models; Disease models; Human
diseases; Infection; Risk
11 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6
Animal models for studies of relationships between diet and diabetes. Herberg,
L.
Basel : Karger; 1988.
Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 111-148; 1988. In the series analytic:
Use of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen
and C.E. West. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diabetes mellitus; Pancreas; Insulin; Pituitary hormones; Rats;
Blood sugar; Dietary carbohydrate; Dietary fat; Animal models; Feed intake;
Cricetulus barabensis; Hyperinsulinemia; Insulin secretion; Literature reviews
12 NAL Call. No.: QR180.3.D4
Animal models for the evaluation of drugs and vaccines for HIV infection and
AIDS: report of a WHO working group.
Esparza, J.
Basel : S. Karger; 1990.
Developments in biological standardization v. 72: p. 367-372; 1990. In the
series analytic: Progress in animal retroviruses / edited by D. Gaudry and W.
Hennessen. Meeting held on Oct 4-6, 1989, Annecy, France.
Language: English
Descriptors: Disease models; Human immunodeficiency virus; Acquired immune
deficiency syndrome
13 NAL Call. No.: RC607.A26I63 1989
Animal models in AIDS.
Schellekens, Huub; Horzinek, Marian C.
Nederlandse Centrale Organisatie voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk
Onderzoek
International TNO Meeting 1989 : Maastricht, Netherlands.
Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier ; New York, NY, USA : Sole distributors for the
USA and Canada, Elsevier Science Pub. Co.,; 1990.
xxii, 380 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. Includes index. Includes bibliographical
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: AIDS (Disease)
14 NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987
Animal models in hemostasis and thrombosis.
Rowsell, H.C.
Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988.
New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal
science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5
June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 289-294; 1988.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Disease models; Thrombosis; Blood flow;
Hemorrhage; Blood coagulation
15 NAL Call. No.: 475 EX7
Animal models in interferon research: some current trends.
Schellekens, H.
Basel : Birkhauser; 1989 Jun15.
Experientia v. 45 (6): p. 558-562; 1989 Jun15. Literature review. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal experiments; Animal research; Interferon; In vivo; Disease
models; Bacterial diseases; Protozoal infections; Parasites
16 NAL Call. No.: QR1.F4
Animal models in the study of pathogenesis.
Adlam, C.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1988.
FEMS symposium - Federation of European Microbiological Societies v. 40: p.
159-167; 1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animals; Models; Pathogenesis; Bovine mastitis; Rhinitis;
Lymphadenitis; Sheep; Respiratory diseases
17 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1C8
Animal models of appetitive behavior: interaction of nutritional factors and
drug seeking behavior.
Kanarek, R.B.; Marks-Kaufman, R.
New York, N.Y. : Wiley; 1988.
Current concepts in nutrition v. 16: p. 1-5; 1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Feeding behavior; Appetite; Models; Nutrition; Drug effects;
Interactions
18 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6
Animal models of diet-induced atherosclerosis.
Clarkson, T.B.; Shively, C.A.; Weingand, K.W.
Basel : Karger; 1988.
Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 56-82; 1988. In the series analytic: Use
of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and
C.E. West. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal models; Experimental atherosclerosis; Atherogenic diet;
Rabbits; Pigeons; Pigs; Primates; Pathogenesis
19 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
Animal models of disease 1979-August 1988.
Swanson, J.C.
Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1988 Nov.
Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculure, National
Agricultural Library (U.S.). (89-07): 25 p.; 1988 Nov. Bibliography.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animals; Disease models; Animal welfare; Bibliographies
20 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
Animal models of disease, January 1979-August 1989.
Swanson, J.; Clingerman, K.
Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1989 Dec.
Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculure, National
Agricultural Library (U.S.). (90-09): 27 p.; 1989 Dec. Updates QB 89-07.
Bibliography.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animals; Laboratory animals; Animal diseases; Disease models;
Bibliographies
21 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
Animal models of disease--January 1979-December 1990.
Smith, C.P.
Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1991 Feb.
Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National
Agricultural Library (U.S.). (91-42): 38 p.; 1991 Feb. Updates QB 90-09.
Bibliography.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal models; Diseases; Bibliographies
22 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
Animal models of disease--January 1981-July 1992.
Smith, C.P.
Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1992 Aug.
Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National
Agricultural Library (U.S.). (92-61): 59 p.; 1992 Aug. Updates QB 91-42.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal diseases; Disease models; Bibliographies
23 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484
Animal models of human eating disorders.
Smith, G.P.
New York, N.Y. : The Academy; 1989.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 575: p. 63-74; 1989. In the
series analytic: The psychology of human eating disorders: preclinical and
clinical perspectives / edited by L.H. Schneider, S.J. Cooper, and K.A. Halmi.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nutritional disorders; Human nutrition research; Animal
experiments; Anorexia nervosa; Bulimia nervosa; Models
24 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 P27
Animal models of retrovirus-associated malignancies.
Cremer, K.J.; Gruber, J.
Lawrence, Kan. : American College of Veterinary Pathologists; 1992 Nov.
Veterinary pathology v. 29 (6): p. 572-578; 1992 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal models; Retroviridae
25 NAL Call. No.: QH301.N32
Animal studies of iodized oils: iodine disposition and physiological effects.
Chambon, C.; Chastin, I.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1993.
NATO ASI series : Series A : Life sciences v. 241: p. 159-167; 1993. In the
series analytic: Iodine deficiency in Europe: a continuing concern / edited by
F. Delange, J.T. Dunn, and D. Glioner. Proceedings of an International
Workshop, April 24-28, 1992, Brussels, Belgium. Includes a discussion, p.
166-167. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cooking oils; Deficiency diseases; Goiter; Human diseases; Iodine;
Physiopathology; Rats; Animal models; Livestock
26 NAL Call. No.: 389.1 W892
Antiarrhythmic effects of fish oils.
Charnock, J.S.
Basel : S. Karger; 1991.
World review of nutrition and dietetics v. 66: p. 278-291; 1991. In the series
analytic: Health effects of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in seafoods /
edited by A.P. Simopoulos, R.R. Kifer, Martin, R.E. and S.M. Barlow. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fish oils; Heart rate; Supplements; Animal models; Polyenoic fatty
acids; Dietary fat; Muscle contraction; Animal experiments; Literature reviews
27 NAL Call. No.: SF910.T8A86
Atlas of tumor pathology of the Fischer rat.. Fischer rat
Stinson, Sherman F.,_1946-; Schuller, Hildegard M.; Reznik, Gerd Boca Raton,
Fla : CRC Press,; 1990.
546 p. : ill. ; 27 cm. Includes bibliographical references and index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tumors in animals; Atlases; Rats as laboratory animals; Atlases;
Rats; Diseases; Atlases; Tumors; Animal models; Atlases
28 NAL Call. No.: HV5285.A43
Behavioral animal models in alcohol abuse research.
Grant, K.A.
Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1990. Alcohol
health and research world - National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
v. 14 (3): p. 187-192; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alcoholism; Drinking behavior; Animal experiments; Laboratory
animals; Animal models
29 NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987
Blastomere karyotyping: a direct method for producing mouse trisomy 16 less
than leads to diploid aggregation chimeras as an animal model of human down's
syndrome.
Bacchus, C.; Buselmaier, W.
Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988.
New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal
science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5
June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 405-408. ill;
1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Blastomere; Karyotypes; Trisomy; Diploidy; Chimeras; Disease
models; Down's syndrome
30 NAL Call. No.: QR360.J6
Borna disease virus in mice: host-specific differences in disease expression.
Rubin, S.A.; Waltrip, R.W. II; Bautista, J.R.; Carbone, K.M. Washington, D.C. :
American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Jan. Journal of virology v. 67 (1): p.
548-552; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Borna disease virus; Animal models; Experimental infections;
Immunopathology; Antibody formation; Inflammation; Strain differences;
Encephalitis; Abnormal behavior
Abstract: We developed a mouse model of Borna disease to facilitate
immunopathogenesis research by adaptation of Borna disease virus to mice
through serial passage in mouse brain tissue. Borna disease virus replication,
antibody production, inflammation, and Borna disease expression in several
different strains of mice were examined.
31 NAL Call. No.: QR360.J6
Bovine leukemia virus, an animal model for the study of intrastrain
variability.
Willems, L.; Thienpont, E.; Kerkhofs, P.; Burny, A.; Mammerickx, M.; Kettmann,
R.
Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Feb. Journal of
virology v. 67 (2): p. 1086-1089; 1993 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Bovine oncovirus; Genetic variation; Structural genes;
Viralproteins; Repetitive DNA; Nucleotide sequences; Strain differences;
Mutations
Abstract: Intradermal injection of a cloned bovine leukemia virus (BLV)
provirus (pV344) into sheep allowed direct evaluation of intrastrain
variability. A sheep was injected with pV344 DNA mixed with DEAE-dextran and
became persistently infected with BLV strain 344. After 18 months, DNA was
extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes from a single 0.5-ml blood sample.
The long terminal repeat (LTR) and the env gene were amplified by using the
polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced. Nineteen independent LTR
clones (0.6-kb inserts) and 16 env clones (1-kb inserts) were analyzed. The in
vivo rate of nucleotide change was 0.009%/year (two mutations out of 14,464 bp
in 1.5 years), corresponding to only one amino acid change in the env gene.
Five point mutations (all transitions), corresponding to a modification rate of
0.034%/year (five mutations out of 9,709 bp in 1.5 years), were identified in
the LTR. As a control for Taq DNA polymerase errors, the same procedure using
pV344 plasmid DNA was carried out. Out of 9,944 bp sequenced, three point
mutations were found (i.e., one misincorporation in 3,315 nucleotides). These
data demonstrate the extremely low level (or absence) of intrastrain
variability of BLV in vivo. Consequently, BLV persistence in the infected host
does not seem to result from an escape mutant strategy, in sharp contrast with
the high mutation rates observed in the lentivirus family. The lack of genetic
variation supports the possibility of successful vaccine against BLV and
probably against the related human T-cell leukemia viruses.
32 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66
Bovine leukemia virus. III. Zoonotic potential, molecular epidemiology, and an
animal model.
Johnson, R.
Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company, Inc; 1991 Oct. The
Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 13 (10):
p. 1631-1640; 1991 Oct. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Bovine oncovirus; Zoonoses; Risk; Molecular biology;
Epidemiology; Disease models; Animal models; Human diseases; Leukemia;
Literature reviews
33 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Canine models of bone marrow transplantation.
Ladiges, W.C.; Storb, R.; Thomas, E.D.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Jan.
Laboratory animal science v. 40 (1): p. 11-15; 1990 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Bone marrow transplant; Models; Human diseases
Abstract: Progress in experimental bone marrow transplantation in dogs has
provided for the direct transfer of research data to the clinical setting and
the therapeutic application of marrow grafting to a variety of human diseases.
Animal models of total body irradiation, engraftment and graft-versus-host
disease are still needed to solve the existing clinical problems of marrow
transplantation. Therefore, work in various canine model systems continues to
be of interest. Pet dogs with spontaneously occurring lymphomas are used to
study the clinical parameters necessary for applying the technique of
transplanting their own marrow (autologous), in conjunction with high dose
radiation and/or chemotherapy, to human patients with cancer. A major
consideration in the successful transplantation of donor bone marrow
(allogeneic) is overcoming histocompatibility barriers to assure engraftment
and the prevention of graft-versus-host disease, a major limiting aspect of
clinical marrow transplantation. Chemicals, radiation, radiotherapeutic
techniques, antisera and monoclonal antibodies have been and continue to be
developed in laboratory bred dogs. These approaches suppress the immune system
either nonspecifically by ablation of immune reactive tissue, or specifically
by affecting certain types of immune reactive cells. Parameters such as
clinical effectiveness (engraftment or prevention of graft-versus-host
disease), immune reconstitution and undesirable side affects in long-term
survivors are all used to determine whether new technology can be transferred
from preclinical canine studies to human bone marrow transplantation protocols.
34 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 L62
Cardiovascular abnormalities associated with human and rodent obesity. Paulson,
D.J.; Tahiliani, A.G.
Tarrytown, N.Y. : Pergamon Press Inc; 1992.
Life sciences v. 51 (20): p. 1557-1569; 1992. Literature review. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Obesity; Diet; Weight reduction; Cardiovascular diseases; Heart;
Animal models; Rats; Man; Literature reviews
Abstract: Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However,
a direct link between these two states is difficult to establish, since obesity
frequently occurs with other disease states such as diabetes, hypertension and
atherosclerosis. Clinical studies have clearly shown that uncorrected obesity
is associated with cardiac hypertrophy and compromised ventricular function. A
number of rodent models of obesity have been studied in terms of cardiovascular
adaptations. Cardiac function of the obese Zucker rat appears to be normal at a
younger age. Only after several months is depression in cardiac function
discernable. These animals are mildly hypertensive, but do not exhibit the
characteristic increase in cardiac output associated with human obesity. A
unique characteristic of JCR:LA-cp rat is that they develop atherosclerotic and
myocardial lesions. Hearts from these animals will maintain normal function
when perfused with physiological levels of calcium. At higher calcium
concentrations, however, mechanical function becomes impaired. Dietary-induced
obese rats exhibit many of the hemodynamic alterations associated with human
obesity, but there is no evidence to-date that these animals will develop
severe cardiac depression. Short-term weight reduction apparently has
beneficial cardiovascular effects, but weight cycling may be harmful. Given the
widespread occurrence of obesity, further studies are warranted to characterize
the cardiac manifestations of this condition.
35 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J82
The carnitine-deprived newborn rabbit: a potential model to study carnitine
deficiency.
Penn, D.; Schmidt-Sommerfeld, E.
Bethesda, Md. : American Institute of Nutrition; 1988 Dec.
The Journal of nutrition v. 118 (12): p. 1535-1539; 1988 Dec. Includes 34
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nutrient deficiencies; Carnitine; Neonates; Rabbits
Abstract: This report describes the novel development of an animal model for
neonatal carnitine deficiency using the artificially fed newborn rabbit. Each
litter was separated from the mother following the first colostrum feeding and
divided into 2 groups, one of which was fed a purified rabbit formula that was
essentially free of carnitine; the other received the same formula supplemented
with L-carnitine (100 mg/l). At 9-13 d of age, rabbit pups receiving the
carnitine-free formula had lower concentrations of total, free and
acylcarnitine in plasma and urine, as well as lower total acid soluble
carnitine concentrations in liver, muscle, heart and brown adipose tissue than
those receiving the same formula supplemented with L-carnitine. Their plasma
and tissue levels were also lower, but their urinary carnitine concentrations
were higher than those in naturally-raised pups. The findings suggest that the
described animal model may prove to be a useful tool for the investigation of
certain aspects of neonatal carnitine deficiency.
36 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J82
Carotenoids and cancer in animal models.
Krinsky, N.I.
Bethesda, Md. : American Institute of Nutrition; 1989 Jan.
The Journal of nutrition v. 119 (1): p. 123-126; 1989 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diet; Carotenoids; Carcinoma; Disease prevention
Abstract: As evidence accumulated from epidemiological studies that beta-
carotene acts as a chemopreventive agent with respect to inhibiting the
appearance of certain types of tumors in humans, attention focused on animal
models as a means of extending our understanding of carotenoid function.
Unfortunately, most animals used in research are "white fat" animals, and
require large amounts of carotenoids in their diets to obtain significant blood
and tissue levels. Even with these limitations, beta-carotene, a provitamin A
carotenoid, as well as canthaxanthin, a nonprovitamin A carotenoid, have been
shown to protect animals against UV-induced skin tumors, UV and carcinogen-
induced tumors, and carcinogen treatment alone. Similar observations have been
made in cell and organ cultures where carotenoids have been shown to prevent
malignant transformation and nuclear damage. Although the mechanism of this
protection is still unclear, the evidence continues to accumulate that
carotenoids may possess intrinsic chemopreventive action with respect to tumor
formation.
37 NAL Call. No.: QR188.3.C45
Cellular aspects of autoimmunity.
Cruse, Julius M.,_1937-; Lewis, R. E.
Basel ; New York : Karger,; 1988.
200 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. (Concepts in immunopathology ; vol. 6). Includes
bibliographies and index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Autoimmunity; Autoimmune diseases; Animal models; Cellular
immunity
38 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6
The changing role of animal models in human nutrition research. West, C.E.;
Beynen, A.C.
Basel : Karger; 1988.
Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 1-13; 1988. In the series analytic: Use
of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and
C.E. West. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal models; Nutrition physiology; Human
nutrition research; Vitamins; Nutrient requirements; Species differences;
Literature reviews
39 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Characteristics of mutant mice (ICGN) with spontaneous renal lesions: a new
model for human nephrotic syndrome.
Ogura, A.; Asano, T.; Matsuda, J.; Takano, K; Nakagwa, M.; Fukui, M. London :
Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Apr.
Laboratory animals v. 23 (2): p. 169-174. ill; 1989 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Mutants; Disease models; Nephrotic syndrome;
Glomerulonephritis; Histopathology
Abstract: Spontaneous nephrotic mice (ICGN mice), a new mutant strain of mouse
from outbred ICR, were clinically, macroscopically, histologically and
immunohistochemically studies to establish their value as a model for human
nephrotic syndrome. Most of the affected mice developed proteinuria,
hypoproteinaemia and hypercholesterolaemia, and some of them developed systemic
oedema. A high concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and a low haematocrit
value were also observed. The kidneys of severe cases showed a decrease in size
and had a yellowish granular surface. These findings indicated that the mice
were terminally affected by chronic of renal insufficiency. Histopathology
demonstrated glomerular lesions consisting of thickened basement membranes of
the capillary loops with irregular spike-like protrusions and enlargement of
the mesangium unaccompanied by cellular proliferation. The immunofluorescence
technique revealed positive granular staining for IgA, IgG and IgM and to a
lesser extent for C3 along the capillary loops in affected mice. The similarity
between this spontaneous disease and human nephrotic syndrome caused by
idiopathic glomerular lesions is discussed. ICGN mice may be a useful animal
model for this human disease.
40 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Characterization of acute and latent herpes simplex virus infection of dorsal
root ganglia in rats.
Blondeau, J.M.; Aoki, F.Y.; Glavin, G.B.; Nagy, J.I.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1991 Apr.
Laboratory animals v. 25 (2): p. 97-105; 1991 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Herpes simplex virus; Ganglia; Acute infections; Latent
infections; Animal models; Experimental infections; Subcutaneous injection;
Feet
Abstract: The characteristics of HSV type-1 infection following subcutaneous
inoculation in the dorsum of one hind paw of Sprague-Dawley rats were studied
to determine whether infection in rats might more closely parallel the
infection in man than is seen in other animals. The serologic and virologic
characteristics of acute and latent ganglion infection conformed to those of
human infection. Immunohistochemical studies suggested that sensory ganglion
infection arose via centripetal axonal migration of virus as is hypothesized in
man. In rat, small type B neuronal cell bodies appeared central to the
maintenance of latent infection and reactivation observed during cocultivation
of lumbar ganglia. Acute and latent lumbar sensory ganglion infection in rats
after subcutaneous hind paw injection of HSV-1 appears to be another suitable
model of this infection in man.
41 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Chest roentgenographic techniques for demonstrating human lung tumour
xenografts in nude rats.
Zeligman, B.E.; Howard, R.B.; Marcell, T.; Chu, H.; Rossi, R.P.; Mulvin, D.;
Johnston, M.R.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Apr.
Laboratory animals v. 26 (2): p. 100-106; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Animal models; Disease models; Neoplasms; Lungs;
Radiography; Monitoring
Abstract: Roentgenographic techniques were investigated for imaging orthotopic
tung tumours in anaesthetized nude rats endobronchially implanted with human
lung cancer cells. A conventional radiographic unit with a dual-screen, double-
emulsion film mammographic receptor produced images preferable to those from a
mammographic unit because of superior resolution. Typical exposure factors were
300 mA, 29 kVp, and 17 ms at a focus-film distance of 76 cm with a 2.11 by 2.41
mm effective focal spot and inherent filtration of 1.2 mm aluminium.
Sensitivity for tumour detection was 0.93 for 59 animals with pathologically
proved tumours and 0.96 for 54 animals with tumours larger than 4 mm or 50 mg.
For 24 pathologically tumour-free animals, specificity was 1-00. For 55 animals
radiographically judged to have tumours, positive predictive value was 1.00.
For all 83 animals, accuracy was 0.95. This technique effectively demonstrates
orthotopic human lung tumours in nude rats and should be useful for noninvasive
monitoring of tumour presence, location, size, and changes in size.
42 NAL Call. No.: 47.8 B77
Chicken neoplasia--a model for cancer research.
Calnek, B.W.
Oxfordshire : Carfax Publishing Company; 1992 Mar.
British poultry science v. 33 (1): p. 3-16; 1992 Mar. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fowls; Neoplasms; Animal models
43 NAL Call. No.: RA1190.A7
Chlorpyrifos-induced delayed polyneuropathy.
Capodicasa, E.; Scapellato, M.L.; Moretto, A.; Caroldi, S.; Lotti, M. Berlin,
W. Ger. : Springer; 1991.
Archives of toxicology v. 65 (2): p. 150-155; 1991. Paper presented at the
International Symposium on "Biochemical and Cellular Indices of Toxicity in
Occupational and Environmental Medicine," June 1986, Milan, Italy, at a meeting
held March 1986, New Orleans, LA, and at a meeting held Aug/Sept 1989, Praglia,
Italy. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Chlorpyrifos; Nervous system diseases; Neurotoxins;
Acetylcholinesterase; Esterases; Pharmacokinetics; Brain; Man; Fowls; Hens
Abstract: Chlorpyrifos [0,0-diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-pyridyl)
phosphorothioate] caused delayed polyneuropathy in man. Contrary to previous
studies, we report here that it also causes delayed polyneuropathy in the hen,
the animal model for this toxicity. The minimal neuropathic dose was 60-90
mg/kg p.o., corresponding to 4-6 times the estimated LD50. Consequently,
pralidoxime (2-PAM) in conjunction with atropine was necessary to reverse
acetylcholinesterase AChE) inhibition and cholinergic toxicity in hens given
high enough doses of chlorpyrifos to cause neuropathy. Chlorpyrifos was slowly
absorbed after single oral doses and the threshold of inhibition (>70%) of
neuropathy target esterase (NTE), the putative target for delayed neuropathy,
was reached within 5-6 days. High AChE inhibition (>90%), however, was measured
within hours after dosing because of the higher potency of chlorpyrifos to
inhibit this enzyme. In vitro studies showed that chlorpyrifos-oxon, the active
metabolite of chlorpyrifos, was 10-20 times more active against AChE than
against NTE, confirming the clinical observation. No differences were seen
between human and hen enzymes in this respect. Hen and human brain homogenates
contain A-esterases which hydrolysed chlorpyrifos to about the same extent in
both species. In conclusion, chlorpyrifos causes delayed polyneuropathy in the
hen, as was reported in man. The reasons for previous negative data in the hen
are probably due to the relatively lower doses which were used. Judging from in
vitro studies with hen and human enzymes, there are no differences in the two
species as far as their relative sensitivity to delayed polyneuropathy. It is
likely that delayed polyneuropathy would develop in both species only after
severe cholinergic toxicity requiring aggressive antidotal treatment.
44 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 B773
The cholesterol-raising effect of coffee in the Syrian hamster. Sanders,
T.A.B.; Sandaradura, S.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Sep.
The British journal of nutrition v. 68 (2): p. 431-434; 1992 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diet; Coffee; Blood plasma; Cholesterol; Hamsters
Abstract: Adult male Syrian hamsters were fed on a high-fat diet with or
without access to boiled coffee. Plasma total, low-density-lipoprotein- and
high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were
increased by the coffee and very-low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol
concentrations were lowered. It is concluded that the Syrian hamster is a
suitable animal model in which to study the hypercholesterolaemic effect of
coffee.
45 NAL Call. No.: QH301.N32
Chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, and folate deficiency.
Halsted, C.H.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991.
NATO ASI series : Series A : Life sciences v. 206: p. 237-251; 1991. In the
series analytic: Alcoholism a molecular perspective / edited by T.N. Palmer.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alcoholism; Chronic course; Deficiency diseases; Folic acid;
Malabsorption; Malnutrition; Metabolism; Physiopathology; Veterans;
Animalmodels; Literature reviews
46 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A5
Clinical evaluation of cyclosporine in animal models with cutaneous immune-
mediated disease and epitheliotropic lymphoma.
Rosenkrantz, W.S.; Griffin, C.E.; Barr, R.J.
Golden, Colo. : The Association; 1989 Jul.
The Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association v. 25 (4): p. 377-384.
ill; 1989 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Epithelium; Lymphoma; Treatment; Immunological
diseases; Drug therapy; Immunosuppressive agents
47 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1A63
Cobalamin deficiency and the pathogenesis of nervous system disease. Metz, J.
Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc; 1992.
Annual review of nutrition v. 12: p. 59-79. ill; 1992. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vitamin b12; Vitamin deficiencies; Demyelination; Animal models;
Nitrous oxide; Biochemistry; Methylation; Toxicity; Literature reviews
48 NAL Call. No.: QR180.C62
Comparative features of retroviral infections of livestock. Evermann, J.F.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1990.
Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases v. 13 (3): p.
127-136; 1990. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Livestock; Man; Lentivirinae; Oncovirinae; Disease transmission;
Spread; Pathogenesis; Host specificity; Viral diseases; Disease models;
Literature reviews; Animal models
Abstract: Retrovial infections of livestock have become of increasing
importance due to their usefulness as comparative models for human retroviral
infections and their effects upon animal health and marketability of animals
and animal products nationally and internationally. This paper presents a
perspective on the retroviruses of economic concern in veterinary medicine with
emphasis on the importance of understanding the modes of virus transmission and
the species specificity of the viruses. The retroviruses reviewed include the
oncovirus, bovine leukosis virus, and the lentiviruses, equine infectious
anemia virus; maedi/visna virus, caprine
arthritis-encephalitis virus and bovine visna-like virus. The comparative
features amongst these animal retroviruses and those of humans must be
recognized by the veterinary and medical professions since the similarities in
virus replication and spread by blood transfer can provide important clues in
controlling and perhaps preventing human retroviruses infections, such as the
human immunodeficiency virus.
49 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Comparative virulence of Haemophilus parasuis serovars 1 to 7 in guinea pigs.
Rapp-Gabrielson, V.J.; Gabrielson, D.A.; Schamber, G.J.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Jun. American
journal of veterinary research v. 53 (6): p. 987-994; 1992 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Haemophilus; Virulence; Serotypes; Strain differences; Guinea
pigs; Intraperitoneal injection; Application methods; Morbidity; Mortality;
Disease models
Abstract: Reference strains for Haemophilus parasuis serovars 1 to 7 were
examined for virulence by inoculation of guinea pigs. Guinea pig response to
intraperitoneal inoculation was similar for the 7 reference strains. However,
apparent differences in virulence were detected after intratracheal
inoculation. Cells of the reference strains for serovars 1 and 5 were most
invasive, causing moribundity or death at higher doses and a persistent
septicemia at lower doses. Haemophilus parasuis could be isolated from
respiratory and systemic sites; purulent bronchopneumonia, pericarditis, and
pleuritis were apparent in infected guinea pigs. Inoculation of cells of the
reference strains for serovars 2 and 6 also resulted in bronchopneumonia and
moribundity or death in some guinea pigs; however, reisolation of H parasuis
and microscopic lesions at necropsy were less pronounced than those observed
with serovars 1 and 5. Inoculation of cells of serovars 3, 4, and 7 induced
only transient clinical signs and minimal evidence of H parasuis infection at
necropsy. The data from intratracheal inoculation of guinea pigs are similar to
data from other investigations in swine, indicating differences in the
pathogenic potential of H parasuis strains. Thus, guinea pigs may be useful as
a laboratory animal model for examining cellular factors associated with
virulence and immunogenicity of H parasuis.
50 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Comparison of hematologic parameters in normal and streptozotocin-induced
diabetic rats.
Alder, V.A.; Yu, D.Y.; Su, E.N.; Cringle, S.J.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Apr.
Laboratory animal science v. 42 (2): p. 170-173; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Diabetes; Animal models; Hematology; Normal values; Blood
sugar; Hemoglobin; Glycerate 2,3-bis(phosphate)
Abstract: Hematologic values are compared for normal and
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after 6 weeks of induced diabetes. Most
hematologic parameters were the same in the two groups except for blood
glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate, all of which were
elevated in the streptozotocin group. However the P50 (the P02 at which the
oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is 50% of maximal) remained normal. We
hypothesize that a left shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve caused by
the glycation of a small percentage of the hemoglobin is compensated by
elevation in the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate which returns the P50 to normal values.
This compensatory mechanism also occurs in some stages of human diabetes.
51 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43
The contribution of nonhuman primates to understanding coronary artery
atherosclerosis in humans.
Clarkson, R.B.; Klumpp, S.A.
Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research
Council; 1990.
I.L.A.R. news v. 32 (2): p. 4-8; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Monkeys; Animal models; Disease models; Atherosclerosis;
Cholesterol; Blood plasma; Tobacco smoking; Stress; Sex differences; Oral
contraceptives
52 NAL Call. No.: RC620.A1N47
Control of hypoallergenicity by animal models.
Pahud, J.J.; Schwarz, K.; Granato, D.
New York, N.Y. : Raven Press; 1988.
Nestle nutrition workshop series v. 17: p. 199-207; 1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Food allergies; Immune response; Allergens; Hypersensitivity;
Models; Breast feeding
53 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Convulsions in senescence-accelerated mice (SAM-R/1/Eis).
Yamazaki, K.; Kumazawa, A.; Ito, K.; Kurihara, K.; Nakayama, M.; Wakabayashi,
T.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Aug.
Laboratory animal science v. 42 (4): p. 378-381; 1992 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Animal models; Convulsions; Aging
Abstract: Senescence-accelerated mice (SAM) are one of the animal models used
for studying senescence, which consist of several substrains such as SAM-R/1,
R/2, P/1, P/2. SAM-R/1/Eis maintained in Eisai Tsukuba Research Laboratories,
Ibaraki, Japan, was originally introduced as a substrain of a normal control
SAM-R/1 from Kyoto University, Japan. We have noted signs of convulsions in
SAM-R/1/Eis mice during routine animal care, particularly while changing cages.
We identified the clinical signs and determined the concentrations of glucose
and immunoreactive insulin in plasma of SAM-R/1/Eis mice. There were no
differences in the male:female ratios of mice showing prodrome only, grand mal,
or no-signs. The ages at which prodrome and grand mal were first noted peaked
between 20 and 25 weeks. Concentrations of glucose and immunoreactive insulin
in plasma did not indicate the mice were in insulin hypoglycemia, which is one
cause of convulsions. AKR strain mice, some of which originated with the SAM
strain are known to become convulsive by repeated "throwing" stimulations.
Conversely, in SAM-R/1/Eis, throwing stimuli are not needed to cause convulsive
signs. Thus it is likely that in SAM-R/1/Eis mice the signs are triggered by
repeating mild environmental changes, such as changing cages. The results of
this study show that SAM-R/1/Eis is neither a normal control strain, nor an
original SAM-R/1 strain. But it is possible that SAM-R/1/Eis is another useful
animal model for studying spontaneous convulsion.
54 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J824
Cow milk and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: is there a relationship?.
Scott, F.W.
Baltimore, Md. : American Society for Clinical Nutrition; 1990 Mar. American
journal of clinical nutrition v. 51 (3): p. 489-491; 1990 Mar. Includes 20
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Milk; Diabetes; Breast feeding; Immunology; Animal experiments;
Human experimentation
Abstract: Various cow-milk preparations have, with some variation, been
reported to be diabetogenic in two animal models of insulin-dependent diabetes
mellitus (IDDM), the BioBreeding (BB) rat and the nonobese diabetic (NOD)
mouse. However, the suggestion of an inverse relationship between breast-
feeding and IDDM based on epidemiological studies, remains controversial. There
is a significant positive correlation between consumption of unfermented milk
protein and incidence of IDDM in data from various countries. Conversely, a
possible negative relationship is observed between breastfeeding at age 3 mo
and IDDM risk. Diet may be an important permissive factor in the development of
IDDM.
55 NAL Call. No.: RC927.C73
CRC handbook of animal models for the rheumatic diseases.. Handbook of animal
models for the rheumatic diseases
Greenwald, Robert A.,_1943-; Diamond, Herbert S.,
Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press,; 1988.
2 v. : ill. ; 26 cm. Includes bibliographies and index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rheumatism; Animal models; Handbooks, manuals, etc; Arthritis;
Animal models; Handbooks, manuals, etc; Animal welfare
56 NAL Call. No.: RC756.H28
CRC handbook of animal models of pulmonary disease.. Handbook of animal models
of pulmonary disease
Cantor, Jerome O.
Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press,; 1989.
2 v. : ill. ; 26 cm. Includes bibliographies and indexes.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lungs
57 NAL Call. No.: RC628.O22
Development of insulin resistance during the course of obesity: lessons from
animal models.
Penicaud, L.; Ferre, P.
New York, N.Y. : Human Sciences Press; 1988.
Journal of obesity and weight regulation v. 7 (2): p. 91-109; 1988. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diabetes; Obesity; Insulin; Adipose tissue; Glucose tolerance;
Animal models; Genetic markers; Experimental diets; Hypothalamic lesions;
Metabolism; Lipids; Literature reviews; Rats
58 NAL Call. No.: RC628.N48 1987
The development of the SHR/N- and LA/N-cp (Corpulent) congenic rat strains.
Hansen, C.T.
Bethesda, Md. : National Institutes of Health; 1988.
New models of genetically obese rats for studies in diabetes, heart disease,
and complications of obesity : NIH workshop, June 18-19, 1987, summaries of
workshop papers and current bibliography. p. 7-11; 1988.
Language: English
Descriptors: Obesity; Animal breeding; Animal models; Rats
59 NAL Call. No.: QP501.E8
Developmental changes of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase subunit levels in
erythrocytes from normal dogs and dogs affected by glycogen storage disease
type VII.
Mhaskar, Y.; Harvey, J.W.; Dunaway, G.A.
New York, NY : Springer-Verlag New York Inc; 1992 Mar.
European journal of biochemistry v. 101 (3): p. 303-307; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Glycogenosis; Phosphofructokinase; Isoenzymes; Enzyme
activity; Erythrocytes; Age differences; Animal models
Abstract: 1. The subunit proportions (L:M:C) of the PFK isozymes from normal
adult erythrocytes were 2:86:12. Affected adult erythrocyte 6-phosphofructo-1-
kinase (PFK) isozymes contained normal L-type (31%) and C-type (61%) subunits
as well as a small amount (8%) of truncated M-type subunit. 2. When measured
within 24 hr of birth, both normal and affected dog erythrocytes contained high
PFK activities due to elevated levels of the L-type subunit. As the dogs
matured, PFK activity decreased due to a greater than 99% loss of the L-type
subunit. 3. By 2 weeks of age, the M-type and C-type subunits in normal dog PFK
isozymes increased severalfold and attained near adult levels. 4. During post-
natal development, the L-type subunit from affected dog erythrocytes decreased
more rapidly than from normal dog erythrocytes; but it was maintained at a
higher level in the affected adult erythrocytes. Also, in the affected dog
erythrocytes, truncated M-type subunits were detected; and the initially high
levels of the C-type subunit decreased approximately 50% after 4 weeks.
60 NAL Call. No.: QP801.H7H65
Diabetic embryopathy and fuel-mediated organ teratogenesis: lessons from animal
models.
Freinkel, N.
Stuttgart, W. Ger. : Georg Thieme; 1988 Aug.
Hormone and metabolic research; Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung; Hormones et
metabolisme v. 20 (8): p. 463-475. ill; 1988 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diabetes; Pregnancy; Maternal effects; Models; Abnormalities
61 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6
Dietary effects in experimental carcinogenesis: animal models. Kritchevsky, D.
Basel : Karger; 1988.
Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 174-185; 1988. In the series analytic:
Use of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen
and C.E. West. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal models; Carcinogenesis; Dietary fat; Dietary protein;
Carbohydrates; Restricted feeding; Trace elements; Vitamins; Literature reviews
62 NAL Call. No.: QP751.L5
Dietary fat and colon cancer: animal model studies.
Reddy, B.S.
Champaign, Ill. : American Oil Chemists' Society; 1992 Oct. Lipids v. 27 (10):
p. 807-813; 1992 Oct. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Lipids in Cancer"
held at the AOCS Annual Meeting, April 1990, Baltimore, Maryland. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dietary fat; Fish oils; Fatty acids; Colon; Neoplasms;
Carcinogenesis; Animal models; Reviews
63 NAL Call. No.: RA784.N8
Dietary fat and natural killer cell function.
Byham, L.D.
Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1991 Jan.
Nutrition today v. 26 (1): p. 31-36. charts; 1991 Jan. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Natural killer cells; Dietary fat; Immunity; Neoplasms;
Eicosanoids; Lymphocytes; Cell membranes; Lipoxygenase; Animal models;
Clinicaltrials; Literature reviews
Abstract: This article looks at the role of dietary fat in influencing the
ability of natural killer cells to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells.
It includes: 1) an overview of the immune system; 2) a discussion of the
lymphocytic membrane and; 3) a review of cyclo-oxygenase/lipoxygenase
inhibition, and animal models and clinical trials on the role of eicosanoids in
natural killer cell function.
64 NAL Call. No.: QP751.L5
Dietary fat and the development of pancreatic cancer.
Roebuck, B.D.
Champaign, Ill. : American Oil Chemists' Society; 1992 Oct. Lipids v. 27 (10):
p. 804-806; 1992 Oct. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Lipids in Cancer"
held at the AOCS Annual Meeting, April 1990, Baltimore, Maryland. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dietary fat; Fatty acids; Fish oils; Calories; Exercise; Pancreas;
Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis; Animal models; Rats; Reviews
65 NAL Call. No.: QP751.L5
Dietary fat, fatty acids and prostate cancer.
Rose, D.P.; Connolly, J.M.
Champaign, Ill. : American Oil Chemists' Society; 1992 Oct. Lipids v. 27 (10):
p. 798-803; 1992 Oct. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Lipids in Cancer"
held at the AOCS Annual Meeting, April 1990, Baltimore, Maryland. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dietary fat; Fatty acids; Prostate; Neoplasms; Obesity; Hormones;
Growth factors; Risk; Animal models; Reviews
66 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1N83
Dietary fibre in the prevention of colorectal cancer: lessons from studies in
animal models.
Young, G.P.
South Perth, WA: The Society; 1990.
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia v. 15: p. 112-119; 1990.
Meeting held November 26-28, 1990, Adelaide, South Australia. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fiber; Neoplasms; Colon
67 NAL Call. No.: 447.8 AM3
Dietary obesity and weight cycling in rats: a model of stress-induced
hypertension?.
Contreras, R.J.; King, S.; Rives, L.; Williams, A.; Wattleton, T. Bethesda, Md.
: American Physiological Society; 1991 Oct.
American journal of physiology v. 261 (4,pt.2): p. R848-R857; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Obesity; Hypertension; Blood pressure; Heart rate; Stress; Diet;
Body weight; Cycling; Angiotensin; Animal models; Rats
Abstract: The present study was designed to reproduce the mild hypertension
seen in dietary obese weight-cycled rats [P. Ernsberger and D. 0. Nelson. Am.
J. Physiol. 254 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol 23): R47-R55, 1988] and
determine whether this mild hypertension was associated with changes in sodium
excretion and pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II (ANG II). Male Sprague-
Dawley rats were fed pelleted chow (Pellet group) or chow plus sweetened
condensed milk (Milk group) or were exposed to four cycles of a 4-day fast
alternated with 2 wk of refeeding of pelleted chow and sweetened condensed milk
(Cycled group). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured by tail cuff at the
onset and last day of each fast and after 3 days of
refeeding. During fasting, urine sodium excretion was measured. Mean arterial
pressure and heart rate responses to intravenous administration of ANG II (40,
80, and 120 ng/kg), metoprolol (1 mg/kg), and methyl scopolamine (2 mg/kg) were
obtained from the femoral artery in awake unrestrained rats. Weight cycling did
not lead to mild hypertension or increased bradycardic response to sympathetic
blockade with metoprolol. ANG II-elicited pressor responses were similar for
Pellet, Milk, and Cycled groups. Sodium excretion did not change with fasting.
Mild hypertension developed when obese weight-cycled rats were housed together
in groups and not when housed individually. Our preliminary data are consistent
with the notion that stress associated with group housing may be a factor in
the mild hypertension of obese weight-cycled rats.
68 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6
Dietary-induced obesity in experimental animals.
Kanarek, R.B.; Orthen-Gambill, N.
Basel : Karger; 1988.
Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 83-110; 1988. In the series analytic:
Use of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen
and C.E. West. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal models; Rats; Obesity; Dietary fat; Dietary carbohydrate;
Feed conversion efficiency; Feed intake; Adipose tissue; Fat metabolism;
Nutritive ratio; Exercise; Carbohydrate metabolism disorders; Specific dynamic
action; Literature reviews
69 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1N88
Dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis in ethanol-fed rats.
Rogers, A.E.; Conner, B.H.
Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1990 Aug.
Nutrition research v. 10 (8): p. 915-928; 1990 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ethanol; Mammary gland neoplasms; Carcinogens; Rats
Abstract: Epidemiological evidence indicates that ingestion of alcoholic
beverages is a risk factor or is associated with a risk factor for breast
cancer. A small increase in relative risk (1.1-1.2) compared to non-drinkers,
has been reported for drinkers of small amounts of alcohol, approximately 3-4
drinks per week; a larger increase in relative risk (1.4-1.7) with a
significant dose relationship occurs at intakes of 2-3 drinks per day. Two
drinks per day would supply approximately 7-10% of a woman's caloric intake.
This evidence, coupled with the general association of breast cancer risk with
higher economic, nutritional and education status, supports the view that
relevant animal models for study of the relationship between alcohol and breast
cancer should employ moderate alcohol and good nutrient intake. Two
carcinogenesis experiments were performed in ethanol-fed, female, Sprague-
Dawley rats. In the first, groups of 50 rats were fed control diet ad libitum
(CON) or were fed the diet with 20% of calories supplied as ethanol (ETOH) or
were pair-fed control diet in amounts determined by the intake of ETOH rats
(PF). They were given 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), 20 mg/kg, by gavage
at 55 days of age and monitored for tumor development. There was no detectable
effect of ethanol on mammary tumor latency, incidence, number, weight or
histology. In the second experiment, rats divided into the same groups were
given 25% of calories as ethanol, with occasional increases to 35%, and the
dose of DMBA was increased to 30 mg/kg. Again, there was no detectable effect
of ethanol on mammary tumorigenesis. Thus, no effect of ethanol on mammary
gland tumorigenesis by DMBA was observed in rats treated by 2 different
protocols.
70 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatotoxicosis in dogs as a model of progressive
canine hepatic disease.
Boothe, D.M.; Jenkins, W.L.; Green, R.A.; Corrier, D.E.; Cullen, J.M.; Boothe,
H.W.; Weise, D.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Mar. American
journal of veterinary research v. 53 (3): p. 411-420; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Hepatitis; Disease models; Animal models; N-
nitrosodimethylamine
Abstract: A model of toxin-induced progressive hepatitis is described in
Beagles. The toxin, dimethylnitrosamine, was administered orally to 18 Beagles;
6 dogs comprised a control group. Clinical signs and laboratory test results
were monitored as disease progressed and were used to determine the end point
of disease. Following euthanasia, histologic lesions were scored and used to
derive a total severity score for each dog. Severity scores were then used to
allot the 18 dogs to 3 groups of hepatic disease, defined as mild, moderate, or
severe. Changes in clinical laboratory test results, including tests of hepatic
function, and clinical signs indicative of liver disease were described
chronologically for all dogs. Group means of clinical laboratory test results
and quantifiable clinical signs (eg, weight loss and ascitic fluid
accumulation) were compared. This model offers several advantages, compared
with other experimental models of canine hepatic disease. These include
hepatospecificity, similarity to natural disease (eg, the development of
multiple extrahepatic portosystemic shunts), and the ability to titrate the
disease to a desired end point. The major disadvantages of this model were the
toxic nature of the drug to human beings and the variation in individual animal
response to the toxin, which precludes preassignment of animals into groups.
71 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Divergent selection for immune responsiveness in chickens: estimation of
realized heritability with an animal model.
Pinard, M.H.; Arendonk, J.A.M. van; Nieuwland, M.G.B.; Zijpp, A.J. van der
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Oct. Journal of
animal science v. 70 (10): p. 2986-2993; 1992 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fowls; Line differences; Antibody formation; Animal models;
Heritability; Selection responses; Genetic trend; Selection differential;
Breeding value; Phenotypes
Abstract: With the aim of improving general disease resistance, chickens were
divergently selected for their antibody titers 5 d after immunization with
sheep red blood cells for nine generations. Selected and control lines differed
significantly for primary and secondary responses after three generations.
Heritability of the antibody titer was estimated by REML fitting an animal
model using a derivative-free algorithm. The heritability estimate using data
on all lines simultaneously was .31. Realized heritability of the antibody
titer in the selected lines was estimated by using either the phenotypic
cumulative response as the deviation from the control line or the mean breeding
values obtained with an animal model. Values from the two methods were
consistent, giving a realized heritability of .21 and .25 in the high and low
lines, respectively. The genetic trend was not linear and the response to
selection tended to accelerate over generations.
72 NAL Call. No.: QP501.C6
Effect of adenine metabolites on survival of Drosophila melanogaster of low
xanthine dehydrogenase activity.
Ho, Y.K.; Guthrie, M.J.; Clifford, A.J.; Ho, C.C.
Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1992 Oct.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology : B : Comparative biochemistry v. 103
(2): p. 413-417; 1992 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Drosophila melanogaster; Adenine; Metabolism; Metabolites;
Toxicity; Survival; Xanthine dehydrogenase; Enzyme activity; Metabolic
disorders; Animal models
Abstract: Low xanthine dehydrogenase (LXD) mutant Drosophila melanogaster were
fed 0.2% adenine for 7 generations, no adenine for the next 2 generations
(relaxed) and 0.2% adenine again for the next 3 generations (rechallenged) to
obtain adenine-resistant lines of Drosophila (LXD-adenine). Flies grown without
adenine served as LXD-controls. Purines ranked as follows; adenine > adenosine
> AMP > inosine > IMP in decreasing order of toxicity to LXD-adenine flies.
Addition of ribose to 9N position, or phosphate or carboxy to 6C position of
the purine ring alleviated the toxicity. More LXD-adenine offspring survived
than did LXD-control offspring rechallenged with adenine.
73 NAL Call. No.: 381 J8282
Effect of dietary oils on lipid peroxidation and on antioxidant parameters of
rat plasma and lipoprotein fractions.
Scaccini, C.; Nardini, M.; D'Aquino, M.; Gentili, V.; Di Felice, M.; Tomassi,
G.
Bethesda, Md. : Lipid Research, Inc; 1992 May.
Journal of lipid research v. 33 (5): p. 627-633; 1992 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dietary fat; Soybean oil; Olive oil; Triolein; Unsaturated fatty
acids; Antioxidants; Lipid peroxidation; Low density lipoprotein; Verylow
density lipoprotein; Blood lipids; Blood plasma; Rats
Abstract: In order to investigate the influence of fatty acid pattern and
antioxidants other than vitamin E on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels
of plasma very low density and low density lipoproteins (VLDL + LDL), the
effects of three diets (equalized for vitamin E) containing soybean oil, olive
oil, or an oleate-rich mixture of triglycerides (triolein) were studied in
rats. A significantly lower concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive
substances (TBA-RS) in plasma and lipoproteins was found after the olive oil
diet (soybean oil, 3.7 +/- 0.4 nmol/ml; triolein, 2.1 +/- 0.5 nmol/ml; olive
oil, 1.5 +/- 0.3 nmol/ml, in plasma) (soybean oil, 0.99 +/- 0.16 nmol/ml;
triolein, 0.96 +/- 0.13 nmol/ml; olive oil, 0.38 +/- 0.12 nmol/ml, in the VLDL
+ LDL fraction). Furthermore, the results from in vitro copper-induced lipid
peroxidation, expressed in terms of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides,
and TBA-RS content, showed that VLDL + LDL particles from olive oil-fed rats
were remarkably resistant to oxidative modification. The results suggest that
the fatty acid unsaturation of dietary oils is not the only determining factor
of the antioxidant capacity of lipoproteins in this animal model. The maximal
protection observed after the olive oil diet may be explained by the presence
of other unidentified antioxidants in addition to vitamin E, derived from oil
intake. Therefore, the optimal balance between the content of unsaturated fatty
acids and natural antioxidants in dietary oils appears to be of major
importance.
74 NAL Call. No.: RC628.N48 1987
The effect of different dietary carbohydrates on insulin and glucagon receptors
in two models of genetic obesity: LA/N-corpulent rat and SHR/N-corpulent rat.
Bhathena, S.J.; Kennedy, B.W.; Michaelis, O.E. IV; Jones, J.; Carswell, N.;
Marsh, P.A.; Hansen, C.T.; Voyles, N.R.; Recant, L.
Bethesda, Md. : National Institutes of Health; 1988.
New models of genetically obese rats for studies in diabetes, heart disease,
and complications of obesity : NIH workshop, June 18-19, 1987, summaries of
workshop papers and current bibliography. p. 25-30; 1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal models; Obesity; Dietary carbohydrate; Glucagon; Insulin;
Rats
75 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1N88
The effect of ovarian status, form of vitamin D3 steroid and calcium
supplementation on bone metabolism in the rat and the quail. Osborne, M.T.;
Soares, J.H. Jr
Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1990 Aug.
Nutrition research v. 10 (8): p. 887-901; 1990 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cholecalciferol; Vitamin d; Metabolites; Osteoporosis; Bone
density; Calcium; Mineral supplements; Ovariectomy; Rats; Quails
Abstract: Degenerative bone conditions such as osteoporosis affect the elderly
population by causing skeletal fractures. The incidence of osteoporosis is far
greater in postmenopausal women and therefore, loss of ovarian function,
leading to estrogen deficiency, plays an important role in the development of
this disease. Abnormal vitamin D metabolism and insufficient dietary calcium
may also contribute to the development of osteoporosis. Three experiments were
conducted to investigate the effects of estrogen supplementation and dietary
vitamin D3 steroids or calcium supplementation on skeletal metabolism. Eight
week old ovariectomized (Ovx) or sham operated Sprague-Dawley rats or aged
anovulatory Coturnix quail hens were used as animal models. Feeding a diet
containing 1,25(OH)2D3 (5 microgram/kg) with 0.2% calcium was as effective in
maintaining bone mineral concentrations as 20 microgram/kg vitamin D3 and 1.0%
calcium. However, both bone calcium and zinc concentrations were decreased in
Ovx rats and anovulatory quail fed 1,25(OH)2D3 and low calcium. Estrogen
supplementation to Ovx rats and anovulatory quail fed 1,25(OH)2D3 and 0.2% Ca
increased mineral concentrations, thus suggesting enhanced skeletal integrity.
Therefore, these studies suggest improved skeletal calcification in control and
estrogen supplemented female rats and quail fed 1,25(OH)2D3 and 0.2% calcium
versus vitamin D3 with 1.0% calcium.
76 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J824
Effect of phytate removal on zinc absorption from soy formula. Lonnerdal, B.;
Bell, J.G.; Hendrickx, A.G.; Burns, R.A.; Keen, C.L. Baltimore, Md. : American
Society for Clinical Nutrition; 1988 Nov. American journal of clinical
nutrition v. 48 (5): p. 1301-1306. charts; 1988 Nov. Includes 28 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zinc; Infant formulas; Soy milk; Phytate; Intestinal absorption;
Neonates; Rhesus monkeys; Rats
Abstract: Low zinc bioavailability from soy formula may be the result of the
formula's phytate content. We assessed the effect of phytate removal from soy
formula on Zn absorption using infant rhesus monkeys and suckling rat pups as
animal models. Zn absorption in monkeys, as determined by whole-body counting,
was 65% from human milk, 54% from monkey milk, 60% from whey-predominant
formula, 46% from casein-predominant formula, and only 27% from conventional
soy formula (0.621 mmol phytate/L). In contrast, Zn absorption from
dephytinized soy formula (0.067 mmol phytate/L) was 45%. In suckling rats, Zn
absorption from conventional soy formula was only 16% vs 47% from dephytinized
soy formula. Phytate concentration in a variety of experimental soy formulas
was inversely correlated to Zn absorption. These results suggest that the low
bioavailability of Zn from soy formula is a function of its phytate
concentration and can be overcome by the removal of phytate.
77 NAL Call. No.: 381 B522
The effect of pravastatin on serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic
diabetic rabbits.
Arbeeny, C.M.; Bergquist, K.E.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1991 Apr03.
Biochimica et biophysica acta : International journal of biochemistry and
biophysics v. 1096 (3): p. 238-244; 1991 Apr03. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diabetes mellitus; Hypercholesterolemia; Drug therapy; Blood
serum; Cholesterol; Rabbits
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is associated with hyperlipidemia and increased
risk of atherosclerosis. A diabetic animal model has been developed to study
the effect of treatment with pravastatin, a potent HMG CoA reductase inhibitor,
on plasma lipoprotein levels. Hypercholesterolemia was induced in alloxan
diabetic and control rabbits by feeding a diet containing 25% casein and 10%
hydrogenated coconut oil for 8 weeks. Feeding the casein-coconut oil diet to
the diabetic group resulted in a 5-fold increase in serum cholesterol levels,
which was not statistically different from the nondiabetic group fed this diet.
However, in the diabetic group, there was more cholesterol in the VLDL fraction
and less in LDL as compared to the nondiabetic group. Serum triacylglycerol
levels in the diabetic rabbits were variable and ranged from 58-943 mg/dl. The
diabetic and nondiabetic animals were then treated with pravastatin at a dose
of 10 mg/kg per day for 21 days. In the nondiabetic group, pravastatin
treatment significantly lowered serum and LDL cholesterol concentrations by
28.5% (52.3 mg/dl, P < 0.05) and 36.2% (40.7 mg/dl, P < 0.05) respectively,
relative to the placebo group. Serum and VLDL triacylglycerol levels in the
nondiabetic group were also significantly decreased following pravastatin
treatment. In the diabetic group, serum and LDL cholesterol levels were
decreased by 37.0% (69.1 mg/dl, P < 0.05) and 52.7% (32.1 mg/dl, P < 0.01),
respectively, relative to the diabetics given the placebo. Pravastatin
treatment did not adversely affect serum glucose levels. Thus, pravastatin
treatment was effective in controlling the hypercholesterolemia present in
these diabetic animals.
78 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J82
The effect of recent vaccination on the dose-response to experimental
Dermatophilus congolensis infection in rabbits.
How, S.J.; Lloyd, D.H.
London : Academic Press; 1990 Feb.
Journal of comparative pathology v. 102 (2): p. 157-163; 1990 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Dermatophilus congolensis; Vaccination; Live vaccines;
Dosage effects; Elisa; Cross immunity; Cross immunization; Animal models
79 NAL Call. No.: RC262.C5N8
Effect of the amount of dietary fat on the development of mammary tumors in
BALB/c-MTV mice.
Zevenbergen, J.L.; Verschuren, P.M.; Zaalberg, J.; Stratum, P. van; Vles, R.O.
Hillsdale, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc; 1992.
Nutrition and cancer v. 17 (1): p. 9-18; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dietary fat; Mammary gland neoplasms; Incidence; Mice
Abstract: The relationship between dietary fat consumption and the incidence
of breast cancer, if any, needs to be quantified so that dietary guidelines can
be issued for the prevention of breast cancer. Frequently, only two widely
different dietary fat levels, often differing in essential fatty acid content,
have been compared in animal models. Moreover, the latent period in common
animal models for breast cancer is very short and does not reflect the
relatively long latent periods in human breast cancer. We describe a study with
BALB/c-MTV mice, a strain with a high average tumor incidence and a latent
period of over 60 weeks on average. The mice were fed diets with fat levels
ranging from 10% to 40% of energy, in which fat was isocalorically substituted
for carbohydrates. The level of linoleic acid in these diets was kept constant
al 6.5% of energy. Both the mean tumor incidence and latent periods of the
groups fed diets with 10-16% of energy as fat were not significantly different
from each other. There were also no differences between these parameters in the
groups fed 22-40% of energy as fat. However, the mean incidence and latent
period of the groups fed 22% or more of energy as fat was significantly higher
than that of the groups fed less fat. We conclude that above about 22 % of
energy, fat does not influence the incidence and latent period of mammary
tumors in BALB/c-MTV mice.
80 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effectiveness of arprinocid in the reduction of cryptosporidial activity in
immunosuppressed rats.
Rehg, J.E.; Hancock, M.L.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Oct. American
journal of veterinary research v. 51 (10): p. 1668-1670; 1990 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cryptosporidium; Rats; Immunosuppression; Arprinocid; Drug
effects; Disease prevention
Abstract: Immunosuppressed rats inoculated with Cryptosporidium oocysts
isolated from calves' feces were treated with arprinocid, 50 mg/kg of body
weight/d. As determined from differences in the mean number of cryptosporidial
developmental stages per villus in treated vs control rats, arprinocid had a
substantial effect on cryptosporidial activity, which was parasitistatic
instead of parasiticidal. Drug-ranging experiments indicated that arprinocid
was effective at 50 and 25 mg/kg/d, but not at 12.5 mg/kg/d. These results
suggest that further testing of arprinocid in different animal models, or in
phase-I clinical trials, is warranted.
81 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Effects of dieatary vitamin E on clinical course and plasma glutamic
oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase activities in
hereditary hepatitis of LEC rats.
Yamazaki, K.; Ohyama, H.; Kurata, K.; Wakabayashi, T.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Feb.
Laboratory animal science v. 43 (1): p. 61-67; 1993 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Hepatitis; Vitamin e; Animal models
Abstract: Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats are autosomal recessive mutants that
develop hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because copper accumulates in
the livers of these rats, and some of their clinical and pathological features
are similar to those of patients with Wilson's disease, LEC rats are proposed
as an animal model of Wilson's disease. It has been thought that unbound copper
generates free radicals, which act as hemolytic and hepatocytotoxic agents. To
examine the effects of vitamin E as an antioxidant on hereditary hepatitis in
LEC rats, we fed 3-week-old rats for 25 weeks either vitamin E-deficient,
control, or vitamin E-supplemented diets which contained < 0.1 mg of total
tocopherols, 2 mg of d,l-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (2 I.U.), and 58.5 mg of d,l-
alpha-tocopheryl nicotinate (50 I.U.), respectively, per 100 mg of feed. In
males, body weight loss was first observed in the vitamin E-deficient group,
and mean ages at which jaundice occurred were in the order: deficient younger
than control younger than supplemented groups. The ages when plasma glutamic
oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase activities began to
increase sharply and peaked followed the same order. Thus, it is likely that
free radicals are involved in jaundice and hepatitis in LEC male rats, and they
are a model for studying the relationship of copper, free
radicals, and hepatitis. Conversely, in females, no apparent differences in
clinical and biochemical changes were observed among the three groups. Causes
for the discrepancy between the sexes remain to be clarified.
82 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1N88
Effects of dietary fish oil on survival and renal fatty acid composition in
murine polycystic kidney disease.
Aukema, H.M.; Yamaguchi, T.; Takahashi, H.; Philbrick, D.J.; Holub, B.J.
Tarrytown, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1992 Nov.
Nutrition research v. 12 (11): p. 1383-1392; 1992 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diet; Fish oils; Kidney diseases; Kidneys; Fatty acids;
Composition; Mice
Abstract: It has been demonstrated that replacing dietary n-6 with n-3
polyunsaturated fatty acids is beneficial in some animal models of renal
disease, but not in others. We fed semi-purified diets containing either
sunflowerseed oil (containing linoleic acid, 18:2n-6) or fish oil (containing
eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3, plus docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3) to a mouse
model of polycystic kidney disease (DBA/2FG-pcy). Renal phospholipid and
triglyceride fatty acid compositions were markedly altered by dietary
treatment: 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 levels were elevated in the kidneys from mice
fed fish oil at the expense of 18:2n-6 and arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6. Despite
these lipid alterations, however, survival and proteinuria were not improved by
long term fish oil consumption in mice with polycystic kidney disease.
83 NAL Call. No.: 448.8 M56
Effects of high fat-feeding to rats on the interrelationship of body weight,
plasma insulin, and fatty acyl-coenzyme A esters in liver and skeletal muscle.
Chen, M.T.; Kaufman, L.N.; Spennetta, T.; Shrago, E.
Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Co; 1992 May.
Metabolism: clinical and experimental v. 41 (5): p. 564-569; 1992 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dietary fat; Saturated fats; Dietary carbohydrate; Body weight;
Blood plasma; Insulin; Glucose; Energy intake; Acetyl coenzyme a; Liver;
Skeletal muscle; Hyperinsulinemia; Correlation; Lipid metabolism; Carbohydrate
metabolism; Animal models; Rats
84 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484
Effects of marine fish oil on blood pressure and vascular reactivity in the
hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rat.
Edelsteinova, S.; Kyselovic, J.; Klimes, I.; Sebokova, E.; Kovacsova, B.;
Kristek, F.; Mitkova, A.; Vrana, A.; Svec, P.
New York : New York Academy of Sciences, 1877-; 1993.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 683: p. 353-356; 1993. In the
series analytic: Dietary lipids and insulin action / edited by I. Klimes, B.V.
Howard, L.H. Storlien, and E. Sebokova. Proceeding of the Second International
Smolenice Insulin Symposium, September 12-16, 1992, Smolenice Castle, Slovak
Republic. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal models; Blood pressure; Fish oils; Food supplements; Human
nutrition research; Hereditary diseases; Hypertriglyceridemia; Rats
85 NAL Call. No.: RC628.A1O2
Effects of maternal obesity on fasting metabolism in newborn rats. Heng, J.;
Kliegman, R.M.
Basingstoke, Hampshire : The Macmillan Press Ltd; 1990 Jun. International
journal of obesity v. 14 (6): p. 505-513; 1990 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Obesity; Maternal nutrition; Fasting; Metabolism; Hypoglycemia;
Weight gain; Pregnancy; Eating patterns; Neonates; Rats
Abstract: Maternal obesity is a risk factor for subsequent fasting
hypoglycemia in human infants after birth. To investigate further this problem,
we employed an animal model of obesity to study neonatal extrauterine metabolic
adaptations in pups of obese and lean rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed
a 'cafeteria diet' to induce obesity prior to and during pregnancy. Prior to
mating, the cafeteria fed rats were significantly heavier (449 v. 345 g, P <
0.001) than the controls. Furthermore, weight gain during pregnancy and weight
at term were also significantly greater in the obese rats even though they
consumed less food during pregnancy. Pup weights and the number of pups per
litter were similar between the two groups. Pups born to obese mothers
demonstrated hypoglycemia after being fasted for 150 and 180 min when compared
with control pups. Hepatic glycogen stores were increased in the fetus of pups
born to obese mothers. Glycogen content in pups born to obese mothers declined
minimally after birth and remained greater than hepatic glycogen values in
control pups throughout the study. In addition to increased fetal storage of
glycogen, fetal hepatic triglyceride content was augmented in pups of obese
rats. These triglyceride stores declined and were mobilized during fasting
after birth. In contrast, hepatic triglyceride content increased after birth
among control rats. These results suggest that maternal obesity results in
augmented fetal hepatic tissue stores of both glycogen and triglycerides.
Hypoglycemia among pups of excessively obese mothers may be due to attenuated
mobilization of hepatic glycogen. Alternate fuel utilization as evident by the
mobilization (rather than storage) of hepatic triglycerides may contribute to
energy metabolism during periods of hypoglycemia.
86 NAL Call. No.: RC620.A1N8
The effects of replacing coconut oil with corn oil on human serum lipid
profiles and platelet derived factors active in atherogenesis. Mendis, S.;
Wissler, R.W.; Bridenstine, R.T.; Podbielski, F.J. Stoneham, Mass. :
Butterworth; 1989 Oct.
Nutrition reports international v. 40 (4): p. 773-782. charts; 1989 Oct.
Includes 33 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sri lanka; Maize oil; Coconut oil; Diet; Blood lipids;
Cholesterol; Triglycerides; High density lipoprotein; Low density lipoprotein;
Young adults; Men
Abstract: Young, healthy individuals living in Sri Lanka often consume a diet
containing coconut oil as their main source of fat. Blood lipid values and
selected platelet related factors have been measured in a group of 16 free
living young adults, ages 16 to 21, before and 8 weeks after they had been
shifted from their usual diet to a similar one in which the coconut oil was
replaced by whole milk powder and corn oil. The results indicate that their
blood cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, and several other related circulating
blood lipid values, as well as the platelet factor 4 values, were elevated
prior to the diet change. Many of these factors, associated as risk factors for
atherogenesis, were substantially reduced at the end of the diet change. The
only plasma components which were altered substantially were the triglycerides
and the HDL cholesterol. These results suggest that the special atherogenic
effects of coconut oil that have been demonstrated in so many animal models may
be similarly active in humans.
87 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Effects of sex hormones on fulminant hepatitis in LEC rats: a model of Wilson's
disease.
Kasai, N.; Miyoshi, I.; Osanai, T.; Yamashita, T.; Kamimura, E.; Yoshida, M.C.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Aug.
Laboratory animal science v. 42 (4): p. 363-368; 1992 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Disease models; Sex hormones; Hepatitis
Abstract: LEC rats, which have hereditary hepatitis and have recently been
proposed as an animal model for Wilson's disease, were examined to determine
the effects of sex hormones on fulminant hepatitis. After the rats had
undergone ovariectomies or orchidectomies (castration) and were compared with
intact rats, the age at the onset of fulminant hepatitis was not substantially
altered but the survival rates decreased from 50% to 12.5% for females and 75%
to 14.3% for males, indicating that sex hormones did not influence the
occurrence of fulminant hepatitis but influenced mortality due to fulminant
hepatitis. When testosterone was administered to the ovariectomized or
orchidectomized rats, the survival rate increased to over 90% in both sexes. In
contrast, estradiol did not affect the survival rate of either sex but affected
the onset of fulminant hepatitis. That is, with the administration of
estradiol, the age at which serum GPT activity reached its maximum was delayed
4 weeks in ovariectomized rats and 6 weeks in orchidectomized rats as compared
with intact rats. A similar but somewhat weaker tendency appeared in rats given
progesterone. The results of our study indicate that sex hormones have no
effect on the rate of occurrence of hepatitis but affect the progression of
hepatitis. In particular, testosterone increased the survival rate of rats with
fulminant hepatitis, and exogenous estradiol delayed the onset of hepatitis for
several weeks.
88 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Electrocadiographic and echocardiographic features of trypanosomiasis in dogs
inoculated with North American Trypanosoma cruzi isolates.
Barr, S.C.; Holmes, R.A.; Klei, T.R.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Apr. American
journal of veterinary research v. 53 (4): p. 521-527; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Dogs; Trypanosoma cruzi; Trypanosomiasis;
Cardiomyopathy; Disease models; Electrocardiograms; Recordings; Disease course;
Animal models
Abstract: Purebred Beagles were inoculated with Trypanosoma cruzi isolates
from a North American opossum or armadillo (Tc-W), and dog (Tc-D). Although Tc-
D established infection in dogs, the dogs did not develop cardiac
abnormalities. Dogs inoculated with Tc-W developed acute myocarditis associated
with increases in P-R interval, atrioventricular block, depression of R wave
amplitude and shifts in mean electrical axis. Echocardiograms were normal
during this stage. Three Tc-W-inoculated dogs died during the acute stage.
Following the acute stage, 5 of 8 Tc-W-inoculated dogs entered an indeterminate
stage in which ECG changes were minor and echocardiograms were normal.
Progression to the chronic stage in 5 of the 8 Tc-W-inoculated dogs was
indicated by development of ventricular-based arrhythmias, mainly ventricular
premature contractions, between postinoculation days 60 and 170. In some dogs,
ventricular premature contractions were multifocal. Electrocardiographic
abnormalities progressively degenerated to various forms of ventricular
tachycardia. Worsening ECG coincided with loss of left ventricular function as
measured by echocardiography. Mean percent ejection fraction and percentage of
fractional shortening decreased to 63% and 52% of control values, respectively.
The left ventricular free wall (LVFW) thickness decreased and % septal: % LVFW
thickening ratio increased, indicating a relative preservation of septal wall
motion and LVFW hypokinesis.
89 NAL Call. No.: 41.2 H198 1988 [no.108]
Entwicklung eines Modelles zur Untersuchung psychosozialer und genetischer
Einflusse auf den Verlauf einer chronisch respiratorischen Erkrankung (Murine
Respiratorische Mykoplasmose) bei der Ratte [Development of an animal model to
estimate social and genetic influences on the course of chronic respiratory
disease (Murine Respiratory Mycoplasmosis)].
Iglauer, Franz
Hannover : [s.n.],; 1988.
116 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. (Inaugural-Dissertation / Tierarztliche Hochschule
Hannover ; 1988, [no. 108]). English summary. Includes bibliographical
references.
Language: German
90 NAL Call. No.: QR360.J6
Equine H7N7 influenza A viruses are highly pathogenic in mice without
adaptation: potential use as an animal model.
Kawaoka, Y.
Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1991 Jul. Journal of
virology v. 65 (7): p. 3891-3894; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Equine influenza virus; Pathogenicity; Virulence; Fatal infections;
Experimental infections; Nervous system diseases; Mice; Animal models
Abstract: Equine H7N7 influenza A viruses, representing a broad range of
isolates, were lethal in mice without adaptation. After repeated passages,
A/Equine/London/1416/73 acquired neurotropism upon intranasal infection. Thus,
mice infected with equine influenza A viruses provide a model system for the
study of highly virulent mammalian influenza viruses.
91 NAL Call. No.: SF951.J65
Equine infectious anemia as an AIDS animal model.
Tashijan, R.J.; Crusberg, T.C.
Lake Elsinore, Calif. : William E. Jones, DVM; 1989 Mar.
Journal of equine veterinary science v. 9 (2): p. 105-110; 1989 Mar. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Equine infectious anemia; Equine infectious anemia virus;
Disease models
92 NAL Call. No.: 389.1 W892
Essentiality of omega 3 fatty acids: evidence from the primate model and
implications for human nutrition.
Connor, W.E.; Neuringer, M.; Reisbick, S.
Basel : S. Karger; 1991.
World review of nutrition and dietetics v. 66: p. 118-132; 1991. In the series
analytic: Health effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in seafoods /
edited by A. Simopoulos, R. Kifer, R. Martin and S. Barlow. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Docosenoic acids; Fish oils; Essential fatty acids; Animal models;
Macaca mulatta; Fat deficiencies; Experimental diets; Safflower oil; Blood
plasma; Tissues; Fatty acids; Phospholipids; Vision disorders; Polydipsia
Abstract: This study shows that dietary omega-3 fatty acid deficiency leads to
severe and progressive depletion of omega-3 fatty acids from the plasma and
from all tissues analyzed including red blood cells, liver, skin, fat, cerebral
cortex and retina in primates. It supports the conclusion that there should be
adequate amounts of both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the diet throughout
life and that their ratio is of great importance.
93 NAL Call. No.: RS160.J6
Ethnopharmacology and the development of natural PAF antagonists as therapeutic
agents.
Braquet, P.; Hosford, D.
Limerick : Elsevier Scientific Publishers; 1991 Apr.
Journal of ethno-pharmacology v. 32 (1/3): p. 135-139; 1991 Apr. Paper
presented at the First International Conference on Ethnopharmacology, June 5-9,
1990, Strasbourg, France. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ginkgo biloba; Leaves; Plant extracts; Antagonists; Medicinal
properties; Pharmacology; Chemistry
Abstract: Ginkgolides are unique twenty-carbon terpenes, occurring naturally
only in the roots and leaves of Ginkgo biloba. The molecules incorporate a
tert-butyl group and six 5-membered rings, and are specific and potent
antagonists of platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory
autacoid. Studies in animal models with the most potent ginkgolide, BN 52021,
and other specific PAF antagonists have demonstrated that PAF plays an
important role in pathologies such as asthma, shock, ischemia, anaphylaxis,
graft rejection, renal disease, CNS disorders and numerous inflammatory
conditions. Ginkgolides are now being developed as therapeutic agents and very
promising results have been obtained in clinical trials on shock, organ
preservation and thermal injury. In addition to ginkgolides, several other
types of natural PAF antagonists have been identified from various medicinal
plants. These compounds have not only helped to explain the pharmacological
basis of several traditional medicines. but have also provided man with a
valuable new class of therapeutic agents.
94 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Evaluation of a nude mouse tumor model using beta-galactosidase-expressing
melanoma cells.
Dooley, T.P.; Stamp-Cole, M.; Ouding, R.J.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Feb.
Laboratory animal science v. 43 (1): p. 48-57; 1993 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Animal models; Melanoma
Abstract: We developed and evaluated an in vivo athymic nude mouse model for
tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and antineoplastic drug development.
Melanoma cell lines expressing beta-galactosidase encoded by the Escherichia
coli lac Z gene have been created by infecting an immortal murine melanocyte
cell line with a recombinant retrovirus expressing the v-Ha-ras oncogene and
lac Z to generate the MRB (melanoma, ras, beta-galactosidase) cell lines. The
amelanotic, phorbol ester-independent, transformed melanoma cell lines
developed tumors rapidly when injected subcutaneously into nude mice, as well
as experimental lung metastases when injected i.v. into the tail vein. beta-
galactosidase-expressing subcutaneous tumors and lung metastases stained blue
with X-gal. The melanomas produced in nude mice have been characterized by
using various histochemical and immunohistochemical staining methods to detect melanoma-
and endothelial-cell-specific markers to determine the extent of
neovascularization in MRB nude mouse tumors. Optimal staining of endothelial
cells involved in tumor angiogenesis was observed by using ADPase activity and
antiangiotensin-converting enzyme antibody staining. Attempts at indirect
quantification of metastatic tumor cell number within the lung by either beta-
galactosidase enzymatic activity or ELISA immunoreactivity were unsuccessful.
However, the MRB cell lines should be useful in screening for and studying the
mechanisms of action of antineoplastic, antimetastatic, and angiostatic drugs
in vivo in athymic nude mice.
95 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Evaluation of inbred germ-free Fischer 344 albino rats as an experimental model
for oral candidiasis.
Van Wyk, C.W.; Basson, N.J.; Gibson, B.M.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Jul.
Laboratory animals v. 23 (3): p. 248-255. ill; 1989 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Candidosis; Candida albicans; Tongue lesions; Tongue;
Opportunistic infections; Germfree state; Inbred strains; Induced resistance;
Animal models; Disease models
Abstract: Inbred germ-free Fischer 344 albino rats were evaluated as models
for experimental candidiasis in order to investigate bacterial interaction with
Candida albicans. Female rats were exposed to C. albicans in their drinking
water and killed at intervals from 2 to 22 days after initial contact with the
contaminant. C. albicans was cultured from their mouths from day 2 but from day
12 the number of colonies decreased. From day 2 to 9 all rats showed oral
histological signs of candidal infestation, but after 9 days the number
declined to 3 out of 9 at 22 days. The dorsal surface of the tongue was the
best histological indicator of candidal infestation. All the rats had tongue
lesions from day 4 to 9, and from day 6 there was also a concomitant localized
loss of filiform papillae. The number of rats with all forms of tongue
involvement also decreased after 9 days with only 3 out of 9 affected at 22
days. It is concluded that Fischer 344 inbred germ-free rats can be used on a
limited scale as a model for candidiasis and bacterial interaction with C.
albicans, the dorsal surface of the tongue would be the best site for studying
candidal experimental lesions and it is probable that better results can be
achieved with complete standardization of contamination and preparation
procedures.
96 NAL Call. No.: TD172.A7
Evaluation of the polychlorobiphenyl Aroclor 1254 in an animal model of
atherosclerosis.
Carter, J.W.; Koo, S.I.
New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag; 1988 May.
Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology v. 17 (3): p. 307-312;
1988 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Experimental atherosclerosis; Animal experiments; Polychlorinated
biphenyls; Arochlor; Diets; Cholesterol; Pigeons
97 NAL Call. No.: RB127.P34
Experimental approach to reflex sympathetic dystrophy and related syndromes.
Janig, W.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1991 Sep.
Pain : the journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain v. 46
(3): p. 241-245; 1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Animal models; Disease models; Nervous system diseases
98 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Experimental infectaion of the mouse mammary gland with Campylobacter coli.
Diker, K.S.; Haziroglu, R.; Diker, F.S.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1992 Jan.
Research in veterinary science v. 52 (1): p. 123-125; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Campylobacter; Bovine mastitis; Disease models; Animal models;
Mice; Mammary glands; Experimental infection; Strain differences
Abstract: Campylobacter cob strains of bovine and avian origin were inoculated
into the mammary gland of mice. A bovine strain isolated from a case of
mastitis produced gross and histological changes in most of the glands; one
bovine and one avian faecal isolate did not. Histologically, lesions were
characterised by neutrophil infiltration in the alveolar spaces and necrosis
and oedema in the interalveolar tissue. On bacteriological examination, the
bovine mastitis strain could be isolated from most of the glands, but neither
of the faecal strains. The mouse, therefore, appears to provide a convenient
model for studying campylobacter mastitis.
99 NAL Call. No.: QR1.I57
Experimental infection of severe combined immunodeficient beige mice with
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis of bovine origin.
Mutwiri, G.K.; Butler, D.G.; Rosendal, S.; Yager, J.
Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1992 Oct. Infection and
immunity v. 60 (10): p. 4074-4079; 1992 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Mice; Disease models; Mycobacterium paratuberculosis;
Enteritis; Experimental infection; Cachexia; Pathogenesis; Immunological
deficiency; Histology
Abstract: Severe combined immunodeficient beige mice were inoculated orally
and intraperitoneally with a bovine strain of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis to
explore their potential as laboratory animal models in the study of
paratuberculosis (Johne's disease). Control animals were similarly inoculated
with heat-killed M. paratuberculosis. In the mice inoculated intraperitoneally,
focal lesions and acid-fast bacilli were first detected in the livers (4 weeks
postinfection) and later in the spleens and intestines of the test but not the
control animals. No bacteria were seen in the hearts, kidneys, or lungs. At 12
weeks postinfection, all test mice had significant losses in body weight
compared with those in controls (P < 0.05), a characteristic sign of bovine
paratuberculosis. Tumor necrosis factor alpha was not detected in the serum.
Histologic lesions were seen in the intestines, livers, and spleens of the
animals in the orally inoculated test group after 26 weeks of infection. Our
results suggest that the severe combined immunodeficient beige mouse may be a
useful model for the investigation of paratuberculosis and cachexia and the
evaluation of antimycobacterial drugs.
100 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
An experimental model for subclinical edema disease (Escherichia coli
enterotoxemia) manifest as vascular necrosis in pigs.
Kausche, F.M.; Dean, E.A.; Arp, L.H.; Samuel, J.E.; Moon, H.W. Schaumburg, Ill.
: American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Mar. American journal of
veterinary research v. 53 (3): p. 281-287; 1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Edema; Latent infections; Disease models; Escherichia coli;
Enterotoxemia; Animal models; Oral administration
Abstract: An experimental model for subclinical edema disease was developed in
weanling pigs. In multiple experiments, 3-week-old pigs were weaned, then
inoculated intragastrically with 10(10) colony-forming units of an SLT-IIv-
positive strain of Escherichia coli originally isolated from a pig with edema
disease (principals). Control pigs were inoculated with a nonpathogenic E coli
strain. Of 39 principals, 8 developed clinical edema disease within 14 days
after inoculation. However, 20 of 21 principals that did not develop clinical
signs of edema disease, but were submitted for necropsy examination at 14 days
after inoculation, had characteristic vascular lesions of edema disease.
Vascular lesions, found principally in ileum and brain, consisted of segmental
necrosis of myocytes in the tunica media of small arteries and arterioles. None
of the pigs inoculated with a nonpathogenic strain of E coli developed edema
disease or vascular lesions. None of the principals necropsied at 2 days after
inoculation had vascular lesions. Development of vascular lesions by 14 days
after inoculation was used as the end point for detecting subclinical edema
disease in the model.
101 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J82
Experimental proliferative glomerulonephritis in the cat.
Bishop, S.A.; Stokes, C.R.; Lucke, V.M.
London : Academic Press; 1992 Jan.
Journal of comparative pathology v. 106 (1): p. 49-60; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cats; Glomerulonephritis; Disease models; Serum albumin;
Intravenous injection; Symptoms; Animal models
102 NAL Call. No.: RB125.E9
Experimental surgery and physiology induced animal models of human disease.
Swindle, M. Michael; Adams, Robert J.
Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins,; 1988.
x, 350 p. : ill. ; 27 cm. Includes bibliographies and index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diseases; Animal models; Surgery, Experimental
103 NAL Call. No.: RB127.P34
The expression of a deafferentation syndrome in the Sprague-Dawley rat: effects
of frontoparietal cortical lesions.
Ovelmen-Levitt, J.; Young, J.N.; Rossitch, E. Jr; Nashold, B.S. Jr Amsterdam :
Elsevier Science Publishers; 1991 Nov.
Pain : the journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain v. 47
(2): p. 203-209; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Animal models; Lesions; Cerebral cortex; Nervous system
diseases
104 NAL Call. No.: SF601.J65
Factors associated with failure of passive transfer of colostral antibodies in
Standardbred foals.
Clabough, D.L.; Levine, J.F.; Grant, G.L.; Conboy, H.S.
Hagerstown, Md. : American College of Veterinary Medicine; 1991 Nov. Journal of
veterinary internal medicine v. 5 (6): p. 335-340; 1991 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Foals; Maternal antibodies; Maternal immunity; Colostrum; Mares;
Blood serum; Igg; Medical treatment; Animal models; Age
105 NAL Call. No.: RC628.O22
Failure to demonstrate changes in liver, kidney and red blood cell membrane
Na,K-ATPase activity in rats with dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic
nucleus lesions.
Bernardis, L.L.; Davis, P.J.
New York, N.Y. : Human Sciences Press; 1989.
Journal of obesity and weight regulation v. 8 (1): p. 3-12; 1989. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Body weight; Liver; Kidneys; Erythrocytes; Cell membranes; Sodium;
Potassium; Atp; Adenosinetriphosphatase; Enzyme activity; Hypothalamic lesions;
Food intake; Body fat; Rats
Abstract: To determine whether body composition and body size changes induced
by specific hypothalamic nucleus destruction alter peripheral tissue Na,K-
ATPase activity, measurements of red cell, liver and kidney membrane Na,K-
ATPase were made in female rats previously subjected to ablation of the
dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMN). Results were compared to those obtained
from rats with ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) ablation or sham
operation. Predictable body size and composition changes occurred in the DMN-
lesioned animals (reduced body weight, length and food intake, normal carcass
fat) and VMN-lesioned rats (normal body weight and food intake, reduced body
length, increased carcass fat). Tissue Na,K-ATPase activity was, however,
unaffected by hypothalamic ablation in either preparation, as shown by
comparison to sham-operated controls. It is concluded that animal models of
acquired obesity (VMN-lesioned rat, diet-induced obesity) and body size
manipulation (DMN-ablated rat) are not dependent upon changes in membrane Na,K-
ATPase activity in various tissues. Although the VMN and DMN have been reported
by other laboratories to contain factors that can influence Na,K-ATPase
activity, destruction of these hypothalamic loci was not associated with
systemic changes in the activity of this enzyme.
106 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Fasting hyperbilirubinemia in normal squirrel monkeys.
Cornelius, C.E.; Freedland, R.A.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Feb.
Laboratory animal science v. 42 (1): p. 35-37; 1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saimiri sciureus; Hyperbilirubinemia; Fasting; Animal models;
Bilirubin
Abstract: The plasma of Bolivian squirrel monkeys, unlike that of Brazilian
squirrel monkeys, is markedly yellow due to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
after an overnight fast. The fasting hyperbilirubinemia in Bolivian squirrel
monkeys is likely due to two mechanisms. First, a twofold increase in the
bilirubin turnover/production rate occurs during a 24-hour fast. A second
mechanism is the decreased hepatic conjugation potential for bilirubin due to
the presence of a higher bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGA)Km and a
lower Vm; this results in higher steady-state plasma and hepatic bilirubin
levels during a fast when hepatic UDP-glucuronic acid levels are low. The
Bolivian squirrel monkey provides an excellent animal model for human Gilbert's
syndrome type I in which to study rate-limiting mechanisms in the movement of
bilirubin from plasma to bile.
107 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1P72
Fat intake and immune response.
Kelley, D.S.; Daudu, P.A.
Tarrytown, N.Y. : Pergamon Press Inc; 1993 Jan.
Progress in food and nutrition science v. 17 (1): p. 41-63; 1993 Jan.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dietary fat; Fat consumption; Immune response; Fat deficiencies;
Fatty acids; Lymphocytes; Monocytes; Macrophages; Neutrophils; Cholesterol;
Nutrition physiology; Literature reviews
Abstract: Changing the concentration or the type of fat intake impacts several
aspects of the immune response involving lymphocytes, monocytes, and
neutrophils. An increase in the intake of fat inhibited immune response in
humans and in several animal models. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of N-6
type lowered immune response in several animal models, but a moderate increase
in the consumption of N-6 PUFA by humans did not have any detectable adverse
effect on the immune response. In humans, several indices of immune response
were inhibited by the N-3 PUFA, but in animals both inhibition and stimulation
were found, depending upon the species, the fatty acids used and the index
being examined. Whether the absolute amounts or the ratios between individual
fatty acids or fatty acid classes are critical in determining their effects on
immune response need to be investigated. Manipulation of fat intake has already
found limited success in managing some of the disorders of the immune system
and further use of this treatment is anticipated.
108 NAL Call. No.: QP1.P4
Feeding conditions and estrous cycle of female rats under the activity-stress
procedure from aspects of anorexia nervosa.
Watanabe, K.; Hara, C.; Ogawa, N.
Tarrytown, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1992 Apr.
Physiology & behavior v. 51 (4): p. 827-832; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Anorexia nervosa; Food restriction; Feeding behavior; Activity;
Stress; Food intake; Body weight; Estrous cycle; Mortality; Gastric ulcer;
Histopathology; Animal models; Female animals; Rats
Abstract: The present study investigated the application of female rats with
activity stress as an animal model for anorexia nervosa. Young female rats were
singly housed in activity-wheel cages with food-restricted schedule (2, 3, or 4
h of food availability per day) for 3 weeks. Estrous cycle, body, weight, food
intake, and wheel revolution were recorded daily. Gastric
pathology was also observed using the endoscopic technique. Rats that were
subjected to either a 3- or 4-h feeding schedule exhibited the cessation of
estrous cycle, loss of body weight, and suppression of food intake. These
animals also showed a remarkable increase in running activity. However, they
had no gastric lesions throughout the experimental period. On the contrary, the
2-h feeding schedule elicited severe gastric lesions and high mortality. The
results suggest that behavioral and physiological changes of the young female
rats with 3 or 4 h feeding share some symptoms of anorexia nervosa, although
their anorexia is not self starvation.
109 NAL Call. No.: QR46.J6
Feeding trials of Listeria monocytogenes with a nonhuman primate model. Farber,
J.M.; Daley, E.; Coates, F.; Beausoleil, N.; Fournier, J. Washington, D.C. :
American Society for Microbiology; 1991 Nov. Journal of clinical microbiology
v. 29 (11): p. 2606-2608; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Listeria monocytogenes; Foodborne diseases; Inoculum; Inoculum
density; Infection; Symptoms; Disease models; Macaca fascicularis
Abstract: One of the major unanswered questions regarding the presence of
Listeria monocytogenes in foods is how many cells must be ingested in order to
cause illness. To answer this question, studies were undertaken by using Macaca
fascicularis (cynomolgus monkey) as an animal model. Healthy nonhuman primates
were dosed with various concentrations of L. monocytogenes suspended in sterile
whole milk. Final concentrations of 10(5), 10(7), and 10(9) total cells of the
organism were used; a control was also included. Blood samples, as well as
fecal and nasal specimens, were taken at various time intervals. Only animals
that received 10(9) cells of L. monocytogenes became noticeably ill, with
symptoms of septicemia, irritability, loss of appetite, and occasional
diarrhea. Monkeys that received 10(7) and 10(9) cells shed L. monocytogenes in
the feces for approximately 21 days. In monkeys that received the dose of 10(9)
cells, severe lymphopenia and neutrophilia occurred within 48 h. In a separate
trial, monkeys received Maalox to reduce the gastric acidity of the stomach.
However, no substantial differences were observed between Maalox-treated and
control monkeys.
110 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1J68
Food antigens in human milk.
Jakobsson, I.
Basingstoke : The Macmillan Press Ltd; 1991.
European journal of clinical nutrition v. 45 (suppl.1): p. 29-33; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Human milk; Food allergies; Antigens; Milk proteins; Maternal
effects; Maternal nutrition; Colic; Beta-lactoglobulin; Allergic reactions;
Ige; Protein content; Infants; Animal models
Abstract: Before being diagnosed as cow's milk protein intolerant, many
infants suffered from a lot of feeding difficulties even when fed only human
milk, which gave us the idea for the following hypothesis: cow's milk taken by
the mother can reach the infant via the breast milk. Since then we have tested
this hypothesis on a number of infants with colic.
111 NAL Call. No.: QP501.B64
Fulvic acid supplementation and selenium deficiency disturb the structural
integrity of mouse skeletal tissue.
Yang, C.; Niu, C.; Bodo, M.; Gabriel, E.; Notbohm, H.; Wolf, E.; Muller, P.K.
London : The Biochemical Society; 1993 Feb01.
The Biochemical journal v. 289 (pt.3): p. 829-835; 1993 Feb01. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fulvic acids; Supplements; Selenium; Mineral deficiencies; Bone
diseases; Collagen; Heat stability; Proline; Lysine; Bone strength
Abstract: High concentrations of fulvic acid and selenium deficiency are the
main causative factors of Kashin-Beck disease, an endemic, chronic and
degenerative osteoarticular disorder found in China. In the search for an
animal model of this disease, mice were exposed to these pathogenetic
conditions for two generations and the collagen types from skin, bone and
cartilage were analysed. The growth of the treated mice was slightly retarded,
and the rate of reproduction was lower in animals maintained on a fulvic acid-
supplemented and/or selenium-deficient diet. Irregular bone formation was seen
by radiography and morphometry. Biochemical analysis indicated that lysine
residues in collagen I from bone and in collagen II from cartilage were
overmodified. The values of Hyl/(Hyl + Lys) in bone collagen alpha 1(I) chains
from treated mice were about 0.434-0.484, i.e. substantially higher than that
of the control (0.277). The values of this parameter for collagen II were 0.482
for control and 0.546-0.566 for treated mice. The melting temperature of
collagen I from bones of treated mice was 1 degrees C lower than that of
control collagen, indicating decreased thermal stability. The breakage point of
the tibiae of treated mice occurred at a lower preload force than for controls,
suggesting that the overmodified and thermally less stable collagen molecules
are causally related to a lower mechanical strength of bones.
112 NAL Call. No.: HV5285.A43
Genetic animal models.
Crabble, J.C.; Phillips, T.J.
Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1990. Alcohol
health and research world - National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
v. 14 (3): p. 179-180; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal experiments; Animal models; Genetic models;
Alcoholism; Genetic regulation; Laboratory animals
113 NAL Call. No.: QP534.B56
Genetic influences on tissue deposition of aluminum in mice. Fosmire, G.J.;
Focht, S.J.; McClearn, G.E.
Totowa, N.J. : Humana Press; 1993 May.
Biological trace element research v. 37 (2/3): p. 115-121; 1993 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diet; Aluminum; Toxicity; Mineral metabolism; Tissues;
Composition; Strain differences; Animal models; Disease models; Alzheimer's
disease; Mice
114 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Genetic lipid storage disease with lysosomal acid lipase deficiency in rats.
Yoshida, H.; Kuriyama, M.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Sep.
Laboratory animal science v. 40 (5): p. 486-489; 1990 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Human diseases; Disease models; Rats; Triacylglycerol lipase;
Lysosomes; Symptoms; Pathology
Abstract: We describe a new animal model of a genetic lipid storage disease
analogous to human Wolman's disease. Affected Donryu rats, who inherited the
disease in an autosomal recessive mode, manifested marked hepatosplenomegaly,
lymph node enlargement, and thickened, dilated intestine. Morphologically, many
characteristic foam cells were observed in livers and spleens. No adrenal
calcification could be found in affected rats. Biochemical studies on spleen
and liver tissues showed massive accumulation of esterified cholesterol and
triglycerides, and deficiency of acid lipase for [14Cl-cholesteryl oleate. This
animal model could contribute greatly to the clarification of the physiological
and pathological roles of lysosomal acid lipase in the metabolism of
lipoproteins and cholesterol, and of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
115 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J82
Glycogen accumulation in the renal tubular cells of spontaneously occurring
diabetic WBN/kob rats.
Tsuchitani, M.; Kuroda, J.; Nagatani, M.; Miura, K.; Katoh, T.; Saegusa, T.;
Narama, I.; Itakura, C.
London : Academic Press; 1990 Feb.
Journal of comparative pathology v. 102 (2): p. 179-190. ill; 1990 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diabetes; Rats; Kidneys; Glycogen; Histopathology; Animal models;
Disease models
116 NAL Call. No.: QR360.A1J6
A hamster model of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection; passive
protection by monoclonal antibodies to EHV-1 glycoproteins 13, 14 and 17/18.
Stokes, A.; Allen, G.P.; Pullen, L.A.; Murray, P.K.
Reading : Society for General Microbiology; 1989 May.
The Journal of general virology v. 70 (pt.5): p. 1173-1183; 1989 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hamsters; Herpetoviridae; Glycoproteins; Monoclonal antibodies;
Models
117 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J82
Hepatic pathology of the colon carcinogen, azoxymethane, in Hanford-Moore
miniature pigs.
Wargovich, M.J.; Satterfield, W.; Price, R.E.; Stephens, L.C.; Coghlan, L.
London : Academic Press; 1991 Oct.
Journal of comparative pathology v. 105 (3): p. 271-278; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Miniature pigs; Animal models; Disease models; Colon;
Azoxymethane; Carcinogens; Neoplasms; Toxicity; Liver; Histopathology
118 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 Z33
Hepatic selenium concentration in pigs with microangiopathy (mulberry heart
disease)--an animal model for the study of oxidative damage. Korpela, H.
Bern : Hogrefe & Huber Publishers; 1990.
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research v. 60 (2): p. 156-159;
1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diet; Mineral deficiencies; Selenium; Heart diseases; Pigs
Abstract: The significance of selenium deficiency was investigated in pigs
that died suddenly of microangiopathy (MAP, mulberry heart disease). Hepatic
selenium concentration (mean +/- SD) in pigs with MAP (1.04 +/- 0.47
microgram/g dry weight) was lower than in healthy pigs (1.23 +/- 0.53
microgram/g). The lowest hepatic selenium values were found in pigs with MAP
and in 22.2% of MAP pigs hepatic selenium concentration was below 0.5
microgram/g which reflects selenium deficiency. Thus, pigs with a low selenium
status are at risk of MAR The low selenium status together with vitamin E
deficiency increases oxidative stress and thus contributes to the development
of oxidative damage.
119 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 P27
Hepatic storage of glycosaminoglycans in feline and canine models of
mucopolysaccharidoses I, VI, and VII.
Haskins, M.E.; Otis, E.J.; Hayden, J.E.; Jezyk, P.F.; Stramm, L. Lawrence, Kan.
: American College of Veterinary Pathologists; 1992 Mar. Veterinary pathology
v. 29 (2): p. 112-119; 1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Animal models; Disease models; Mucopolysaccharidosis;
Glycosaminoglycans; Liver; Hereditary diseases; Vacuoles
120 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Hereditary hydroenphrosis in C57BL/KsJ mice.
Weide, L.G.; Lacy, P.E.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct.
Laboratory animal science v. 41 (5): p. 415-418; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Nephrosis; Hereditary diseases; Incidence; Age differences;
Kidneys
Abstract: We sought to determine if the incidence of renal hydronephrosis in
male C57BL/KsJ mice increased with age and if grossly normal kidneys would
develop hydronephrosis over time. Spontaneous hydronephrosis was found
incidentally in 32% of 234 male C57BL/KsJ mice killed as pancreas donors for
islet transplantation experiments. The incidence of hydronephrosis increased
with age; the incidence was 15% in 6- to 8-week-old mice, 52% in 8- to 10-week-
old mice and 63% in 11- to 15-week-old mice (P < 0.001). Additional mice
received islet isografts beneath the renal capsule. Only mice with grossly
normal kidneys received islet grafts. These same kidneys were then re-examined
when the graft recipients were killed at the end of the experiment and the
incidence of hydronephrosis was determined. The conversion of normal kidneys to
hydronephrotic kidneys increased with the time since islet transplantation.
Kidneys re-examined less than 4 weeks since transplantation had only 5.8% new
hydronephrosis, while those re-examined later than 4 weeks after
transplantation had a new hydronephrosis incidence rate of 40% (P < 0.001). Our
findings suggest that hydronephrosis is hereditary but not congenital, that it
develops rapidly, and that it can complicate experiments using this strain.
This may also represent a useful new animal model of progressive
hydronephrosis.
121 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1P46
Heterogeneity in sympathoadrenal activity in obesity: a function of type of
obesity, nutrient effects, and regional responses.
Young, J.B.
Baton Rouge : Louisiana State University Press; 1992.
Pennington Center nutrition series v. 2: p. 121-131; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Obesity; Nutrition physiology; Sympathetic nervous system; Energy
metabolism; Epinephrine; Norepinephrine; Animal models; Literature reviews
Abstract: Alterations in sympathetic nervous system activity, especially in
brown fat, contribute to the regulation of energy expenditure in mammals.
Adrenergic regulation of energy metabolism is believed to be abnormal in
obesity, a phenomenon widely attributed to diminished sympathetic nervous
system activity in brown fat. While reduced sympathetic nervous system activity
in brown fat has been noted in many obese animals, it is not present in all.
Furthermore, in one model of obesity, dogs or rodents fed lard-enriched diets,
sympathetic nervous system activity is increased (elevated plasma
norepinephrine levels and tissue norepinephrine turnover). Another abnormality
noted with increasing frequency in both human and animal obesity is diminished
adrenal epinephrine secretion, a process that is also influenced by nutrient
intake. Although epinephrine is a potential regulator of energy metabolism in
normal physiology, its role is incompletely understood. Moreover skeletal
muscle, not brown fat, may be the principal site for thermic effects of
epinephrine. Thus, while depressed sympathetic nervous system activity in brown
fat may be sufficient, it is not a necessary explanation for obesity; adrenal
medullary suppression may also contribute to the development of this condition.
122 NAL Call. No.: RC620.A1J6
Histidinemia: a biochemical variant or a disease?.
Virmani, K.; Widhalm, K.
Wilmington, NC : American College of Nutrition; 1993 Apr.
Journal of the American College of Nutrition v. 12 (2): p. 115-124; 1993 Apr.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Histidinemia; Amino acids; Metabolism; Genetic factors; Diet
treatment; Diagnosis; Literature reviews; Maternal effects; Animal models
Abstract: Histidinemia, first described by Ghadimi in 1961, is caused by a
defect in histidase. The defect results in elevated urinary excretion of
histidine and its transamination products, and in high blood histidine. Blood
histidine levels in histidinemic patients range from 290 to 1420 micromolar
(normal 70-120 micromolar). The clinical picture of histidinemia varies from
complete normality to severe retardation, with many patients being
asymptomatic. No correlation has been found between clinical and biochemical
data. Most reported cases have been identified in newborn screening programs.
Frequency of histidinemia ranges from 1 in 8000 (Japan) to 1 in 37,000
(Sweden). Histidinemia is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Maternal
histidinemia is believed to be benign. Studies in animal models have shown
similar metabolic changes in animals and humans, but clinical changes differ.
Histidinemia may be treated with a low-histidine diet, which reduces elevated
histidine levels, although in most cases no improvement of clinical symptoms
has been observed.
123 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Housing, breeding and selecting chickens of the Obese strain (OS) with
spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis.
Dietrich, H.M.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Oct.
Laboratory animals v. 23 (4): p. 345-352. ill; 1989 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fowls; Thyroid diseases; Autoimmune diseases; Hereditary diseases;
Disease models; Chicken housing; Animal breeding; Selection methods
Abstract: A management programme is described for a small colony of Obese
strain (OS) chickens afflicted with spontaneous hereditary thyroiditis. Animals
of this White Leghorn fine are used as an animal model for Hashimoto's
thyroiditis of man to study possible mechanisms of autoimmunity in general and
organ-specific autoimmune diseases in particular. Due to the severe mononuclear
cell infiltration of the thyroid glands, OS chickens show symptoms of
hypothyroidism, including small body size, subcutaneous and abdominal fat
deposits, long silky feathers, small combs and wattles, cold sensitivity, low
fertility and poor hatchability. Successful breeding of this line, especially
in a small population, can therefore be done only if rigid precautions are
taken in aspects of animal care. The selection of breeding stock, the principal
requirements for adequate housing and food, the artificial insemination
procedure, and recommendations for collecting and incubating chicken eggs are
reported in detail. Precautions necessary during the incubation of fertilized
eggs, and fertility and hatchability are reported. During the hatching period
several specific features must be considered. The important role of staff
involved in a small chicken breeding unit is emphasized.
124 NAL Call. No.: 500 N21P
Identification and prevalence of genetic defect that causes leukocyte adhesion
deficiency in Holstein cattle.
Shuster, D.E.; Kehrli, M.E. Jr; Ackermann, M.R.; Gilbert, R.O. Washington, D.C.
: The Academy; 1992 Oct01.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
v. 89 (19): p. 9225-9229. ill; 1992 Oct01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Calves; Holstein-Friesian; Animal models; Bovine leukosis; Genetic
defects; Identification; Incidence; Mutations; Nucleotide sequences; Screening;
Bulls; Culling
Abstract: Two point mutations were identified within the gene encoding bovine
CD18 in a Holstein calf afflicted with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD). One
mutation causes an aspartic acid to glycine substitution at amino acid 128
(D128G) in the highly conserved extracellular region of this adhesion
glycoprotein, a region where several mutations have been found to cause human
LAD. The other mutation is silent. Twenty calves with clinical symptoms of LAD
were tested, and all were homozygous for the D128G allele. In addition, two
calves homozygous for the D128G allele were identified during widespread DNA
testing, and both were subsequently found to exhibit symptoms of LAD. The
carrier frequency for the D128G allele among Holstein cattle in the United
States is approximately 15% among bulls and 6% among cows. This mutation is
also prevalent among Holstein cattle throughout the world, placing this
disorder among the most common genetic diseases known in animal agriculture.
All cattle with the mutant allele are related to one bull, who through the use
of artificial insemination sired many calves in the 1950s and 1960s. The
organization of the dairy industry and the diagnostic test described herein
will enable nearly complete eradication of bovine LAD within 1 year. These
results also demonstrate that bovine LAD is genetically homologous and
phenotypically similar to human LAD, thus providing a useful animal model for
studies of LAD and beta 2 integrin function.
125 NAL Call. No.: Graphic no.279
If we stop animal research, who'll stop the real killers? Without animal
research, we couldn't have put an end to polio, smallpox, rubella and
diphtheria ; Now, some would like to put an end to animal research ; Obviously,
they don't have cancer, heart disease, or AIDS.
Foundation for Biomedical Research (Washington, D.C.)
Washington, DC : Foundation for Biomedical Research, [199-?]; 1990-1992. 1
poster : col. ; 56 x 46 cm.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal models in research; Diseases; Animal experimentation
126 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Immune response of cattle to Haemophilus somnus lipid A-protein conjugate
vaccine and efficacy in a mouse abortion model.
Inzana, T.J.; Todd, J.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Feb. American
journal of veterinary research v. 53 (2): p. 175-179; 1992 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Antibody formation; Haemophilus somnus; Vaccines; Lipids;
Abortion; Animal models; Mice
Abstract: Immunogenicity of the lipid A component of Haemophilus somnus
lipooligosaccharide in cattle and mice was examined after purification,
detoxification, and covalent conjugation to a protein carrier. After 2
inoculations, a substantial antibody response was induced in most cattle to
lipid A and the protein carrier. To determine whether antibodies to lipid A
would be protective, 5 X 10(7) colony-forming units of H somnus strain 649 were
administered IV to endotoxin-responsive (C3H/HEN) mice. In one study, 8 of 13
C3H/HEN mice aborted when inoculated. In contrast, abortion did not result when
mice were inoculated with the same dose of an isolate of H somnus normally
found in the prepuce or with the rough mutant Escherichia coli J5. In addition,
endotoxin-nonresponsive (C3H/HeJ) mice were significantly (P = 0.03) more
resistant to abortion by strain 649 than were C3H/HeN mice, but inoculated
C3H/HeN mice were only slightly more resistant to H somnus abortion, compared
with control mice. Although a large antibody response to lipid A was detected,
there was no significant difference in the immunized group between mice that
aborted and mice that delivered normally. Thus, lipooligosaccharide and other
properties of virulent H somnus strains may contribute to abortion in mice.
127 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 P27
Immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and hormonal studies on the endocrine
pancreas of voles (Microtus arvalis) with monosodium aspartate-induced
diabetes.
Sasaki, M.; Arai, T.; Usui, T.; Oki, Y.
Lawrence, Kan. : American College of Veterinary Pathologists; 1991 Nov.
Veterinary pathology v. 28 (6): p. 497-505; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diabetes mellitus; Hormones; Ultrastructure;
Immunohistochemistry; Endocrine system; Pancreas islets; Microtus arvalis;
Histopathology; Animal models; Disease models
128 NAL Call. No.: QR46.J6
Immunomagnetic separation and DNA hybridization for detection of
enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in a piglet model.
Lund, A.; Wasteson, Y.; Olsvik, O.
Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1991 Oct. Journal of
clinical microbiology v. 29 (10): p. 2259-2262; 1991 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Norway; Piglets; Diarrhea; Feces; Digesta; Escherichia coli;
Enterotoxins; Bacterial antigens; Fimbriae; Genes; Dna hybridization; Magnetic
separation; Immunodiagnosis
Abstract: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains were detected by
stool blot hybridization assays using different oligonucleotide probes for the
colonization fimbrial antigen F4, heat-stable enterotoxin I (ST I), and heat-
labile enterotoxin (LT I) genes. Forty-eight fecal samples and seven samples of
intestinal content from ETEC-challenged newborn piglets were processed in two
ways: (i) by direct inoculation of bacterial suspension onto nylon membranes
overlaying blood agar and (ii) by immunomagnetic enrichment of F4+ ETEC using
magnetic beads coated with F4 monoclonal antibodies before inoculation onto
nylon membranes. In samples obtained from nondiarrheic piglets pre- and
postchallenge, E. coli genes for F4, ST I, and LT I could be detected only
after immunomagnetic enrichment. No difference between the two methods in
detection of these E. coli genes was observed when stool blots from diarrheic
piglets were examined. By using magnetic separation, it was easy to decrease
background bacterial flora, intestinal cells, and fecal debris and thus produce
purer specimens. The method evaluated in this animal model appeared simple and
quick and increased the sensitivity of detection of ETEC strains 100-fold
compared with the direct stool blot hybridization assays. Prior bacterial
isolation and identification were not necessary.
129 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 B773
Impaired T lymphocyte immune response in vitamin A depleted rats and chicks.
Friedman, A.; Sklan, D.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1989 Sep.
The British journal of nutrition v. 62 (2): p. 439-449; 1989 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diet; Vitamin deficiencies; Retinol; T lymphocytes; Immune
response; Rats; Chicks
Abstract: Vitamin A deficiency results in decreased immune responses; the
objective of the present study was to investigate the involvement of T
lymphocytes in the depression of immune responses resulting from vitamin A
depletion. This objective was achieved by evaluating antigen-specific T
lymphocyte proliferative responses in vitro as vitamin A depletion developed.
The evaluation was performed in both rat and chick to examine the generality of
immune effects due to vitamin A depletion. Our findings show that vitamin A
depletion led to severe impairment of T lymphocyte activity in both animal
models, and that this was directly related to the vitamin A status in both
species. Immune response impairment was found to precede other manifestations
of vitamin A deficiency, and was rapidly corrected by feeding retinyl acetate
boluses. This implied a possible regulatory, rather than constitutive, role of
vitamin A in immune responsiveness.
130 NAL Call. No.: QR360.A1J6
In vivo detection of metabolic changes in a mouse model of scrapie using
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Bell, J.D.; Cox, I.J.; Williams, S.C.R.; Belton, P.S.; McConnell, I.; Hope, J.
Reading : Society for General Microbiology; 1991 Oct.
The Journal of general virology v. 72 (pt.10): p. 2419-2423; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Scrapie; Mice; Metabolites; Nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy; Membranes; Proteins; Animal models
Abstract: In vivo proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy studies
of scrapie in a mouse model have shown the appearance of an abnormal peak in
the brain early in the incubation period. This abnormal peak was detected weeks
before the detection of a protease-resistant form of a membrane protein and
vacuolar histopathology in vitro, and several months before clinical signs, and
the signal increased in intensity as the disease progressed. In the chronic
stage of the disease, a reduction in N-acetyl aspartate levels was observed
using in vivo and in vitro proton NMR spectroscopy.
131 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Influence of chronic oestrogen treatment on severity of hydronephrosis in
inbred DDD mice.
Mannen, H.; Tsuji, S.; Goto, N.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1993 Apr.
Laboratory animals v. 27 (2): p. 124-130; 1993 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Estrogens; Urination disorders; Animal models
Abstract: It has been reported that mice treated chronically with oestrogen
(oestradiol propionate) increase their bladder urine volume. Since inbred DDD
mice, particularly male DDD mice, lack a protective mechanism against
vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), chronic oestrogen treatment may increase the
pressure in the renal pelvis and lead to severe hydronephrosis. The present
studies were carried out to confirm this hypothesis. Results of a least-squares
analysis of variance showed that the severity of hydronephrosis was more severe
after treatment with high doses of oestrogen (1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg/week) in entire
and castrated male DDD mice. Hydroureter was also observed in the same groups.
Intra-vesicular pressure was 7 to 12 cmH2O higher in mice of these groups than
in control DDD mice. High doses of oestrogen had no effect on the kidneys of
C57BL/6 mice which showed normal protection against VUR, though it increased
bladder urine volume. These findings support the hypothesis that hydronephrosis
in DDD mice is caused by an incomplete protective mechanism against VUR.
132 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Influenza virus infections and immunity: a review of human and animal models.
Renegar, K.B.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Jun.
Laboratory animal science v. 42 (3): p. 222-232; 1992 Jun. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Influenza virus; Influenza; Animal models; Immune response; Man;
Domestic animals; Experimental infection; Vaccination; Literature reviews
Abstract: Studies of the pathogenesis of influenza infection have involved the
extensive use of animal models. The development of the current concepts of
immunity to influenza and of the contribution the secretory immune system makes
toward the protection of mucosal surfaces against influenza infection would
have been impossible without this use of animals. The pathology, and clinical
signs of influenza infection in both natural and experimental hosts, the
advantages and disadvantages of the most common experimental influenza
infection models, and the contribution of animal models to the understanding of
local and systemic immunity to influenza infection are discussed.
133 NAL Call. No.: RA1190.F8
Inhibition of hen brain acetylcholinesterase and neurotoxic esterase by
chloropyrifos in vivo and kinetics of inhibition by chlorpyrifos oxon in vitro:
application to assessment of neuropathic risk.
Richardson, R.J.; Moore, T.B.; Kayyali, U.S.; Fowke, J.H.; Randall, J.C.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1993 Apr.
Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of
Toxicology v. 20 (3): p. 273-279; 1993 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Chlorpyrifos; Metabolites; Toxicity; Nervous system diseases;
Dosage effects; Enzyme activity; Acetylcholinesterase; Esterases; Inhibition;
Kinetics; Brain; In vitro; Hens; Lethal dose
Abstract: Chlorpyrifos (CPS, O,O-diethyl 3,5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridyl
phosphorothionate; Dursban) is a widely used broad-spectrum organophosphorus
(OP) insecticide. Because some OP compounds can cause a sensory-motor distal
axonopathy called OP compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN), CPS has
been evaluated for this paralytic effect. Early studies of the neurotoxicity of
CPS in young and adult hens reported reversible leg weakness but failed to
detect OPIDN. More recently, a human case of mild OPIDN was reported to result
from ingestion of a massive dose (about 300 mg/kg) in a suicide attempt.
Subsequent experiments in adult hens (the currently accepted animal model of
choice for studies of OPIDN) showed that doses of CPS in excess of the LD50 in
atropine-treated animals inhibited brain neurotoxic esterase (NTE) and produced
mild to moderate ataxia. Considering the extensive use of CPS and its
demonstrated potential for causing OPIDN at supralethal doses, additional data
are needed to enable quantitative estimates to be made of the neuropathic risk
of this compound. Previous work has shown that the ability of OP insecticides
to cause acute cholinergic toxicity versus OPIDN can be predicted from their
relative tendency to inhibit the intended target, acetylcholines (AChE), versus
the putative neuropathic target, NTE, in brain tissue. The present study was
designed to clarify the magnitude of neuropathic risk associated with CPS
exposures by measuring hen brain AChE and NTE inhibition following dosing in
vivo and determining the bimolecular rate constant of inhibition (ki) for each
enzyme by the active metabolite, CPS oxon (CPO), in vitro. CPS administered to
atropine-treated adult hens at 0, 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg po in corn oil
produced mean values for brain AChE inhibition 4 days after dosing of 0, 58,
75, and 86%. respectively, and mean values for brain NTE inhibition of 0, 21.
40, and 77%, respectively. Only the high dose (six times the unprotected LD50
in hens) pro
134 NAL Call. No.: QR1.I57
Inoculation of barrier-born pigs with Helicobacter pylori: a useful animal
model for gastritis type B.
Engstrand, L.; Gustavsson, S.; Jorgensen, A.; Schwan, A.; Scheynius, A.
Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1990 Jun. Infection and
immunity v. 58 (6): p. 1763-1768. ill; 1990 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Bacteria; Pigs; Models; Gastritis; Inoculation
135 NAL Call. No.: 447.8 AM3
Intraluminal and intracellular phases of fat adsorption are impaired in
essential fatty acid deficiency.
Levy, E.; Garofalo, C.; Thibault, L.; Dionne, S.; Daoust, L.; Lepage, G.; Roy,
C.C.
Bethesda, Md. : American Physiological Society; 1992 Feb.
American journal of physiology v. 262 (2,pt.1): p. G319-G326; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Essential fatty acids; Fat deficiencies; Triacylglycerols;
Lipoproteins; Nutrient transport; Fat absorption; Intestinal absorption
Abstract: The structure and function of enterocyte membranes are particularly
sensitive to the degree of fatty acid saturation. The objective of the present
study was to assess intestinal fat transport in essential fatty acid (EFA)-
deficient animal models. Both the digestive and absorptive phases leading to
the formation and the secretion of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins were
investigated. After an intraduodenal fat infusion, the percentage increase of
plasma TG over fasting values was examined over a period of 4 h in two groups
of control and EFA-deficient rats. Lower values at 1 and 2 h (P < 0.05) were
observed in EFA deficient rats, suggesting fat malabsorption. Likewise,
postprandial chylomicronemia was diminished. In a separate group of rats, EFA
deficiency was associated with reduced TG and chylomicron-TG transport into
lymph. Although pancreatic lipase activity did not change (47.1 vs. 46.2
micromoles free fatty acids.mg protein-1.h-1), bile flow was decreased over the
8-h period of collection. Concomitantly, a significant decline (nmol.min-1.g
liver-1, P < 0.05) was discernible in the biliary secretory rate of bile salts
(14.09 +/- 2.13 vs. 35.09 +/- 3.73), phospholipids (7.01 +/- 0.61 vs. 11.79 +/-
1.65) and cholesterol (0.19 +/-0.01 vs. 0.83 +/- 0.06). In vitro studies,
utilizing everted sacs incubated with mixed micelles, revealed that EFA-
deficient jejunal segments of rats incorporated and esterified less [14C]oleic
acid (21 and 32%, respectively). Moreover, the synthesis and secretion of TG-
rich lipoproteins were found markedly reduced in mouse jejunal explant
cultures. We conclude that EFA deficiency modifies both the intraluminal and
intracellular phases of fat absorption.
136 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Isotype-specific rabbit antibodies against chinchilla immunoglobulins G, M, and
A.
Konietzko, S.; Koskela, M.; Erdmann, G.; Giebink, G.S.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Jun.
Laboratory animal science v. 42 (3): p. 302-306; 1992 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Chinchillas; Isolation; Igg; Igm; Iga; Blood serum; Milk;
Isotypes; Rabbits; Antibodies; Immune serum
Abstract: Chinchillas have become a preferred animal model for studying otitis
media, and are also useful in studying insulin release, gastrin physiology,
intestinal infection, and hepatocellular pathophysiology. Immunopathologic
studies in the model, however, have been limited by absence of specific
antibody reagents against chinchilla immunoglobulins. We describe a method for
preparing isotype-specific rabbit antibodies against the heavy-chain components
of chinchilla immunoglobulins G, M, and A. Chromatographic techniques were used
to isolate chinchilla immunoglobulins from serum and breast milk; heavy-chain
fractions were isolated and used as antigens to produce isotype-specific
antibodies in New Zealand White rabbits. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of
these antisera disclosed anti-light chain cross-reactivity, which was removed
by affinity chromatography. The isolation and affinity purification techniques
were highly reproducible. The availability of these reagents should greatly
enhance the utility of the chinchilla in modeling human disease.
137 NAL Call. No.: Graphic no.278
It's the animals you don't see that really helped her recover recently, a
surgical technique perfected on animals was used to remove a malignant tumor
from a little girl's brain ; we lost some lab animals ; but look what we saved.
Foundation for Biomedical Research (Washington, D.C.)
Washington, DC : Foundation for Biomedical Research, [199-?]; 1990-1992. 1
poster : col. ; 56 x 46 cm.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal models in research; Diseases; Animal experimentation
138 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43
Jcr:LA-corpulent rat: a strain with spontaneous vascular and myocardial
disease.
Russell, J.C.; Koeslag, D.G.
Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research
Council; 1990.
I.L.A.R. news v. 32 (3): p. 27-32; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Animal models; Vascular diseases; Heart diseases
139 NAL Call. No.: RC628.N48 1987
The LA/N-corpulent rat as a model of atherosclerosis.
Russell, J.C.; Heisler, O.R.; Amy, R.M.
Bethesda, Md. : National Institutes of Health; 1988.
New models of genetically obese rats for studies in diabetes, heart disease,
and complications of obesity : NIH workshop, June 18-19, 1987, summaries of
workshop papers and current bibliography. p. 163-165; 1988.
Language: English
Descriptors: Atherosclerosis; Animal models; Rats
140 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33
Large animal models of human disease.
Lewis, S.M.; Carraway, J.H.
New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Jan.
Lab animal v. 21 (1): p. 22-29; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal models; Human diseases
141 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 B5236
Liver and muscle-fat type glucose transporter gene expression in obese and
diabetic rats.
Yamamoto, T.; Fukumoto, H.; Koh, G.; Yano, H.; Yasuda, K.; Masuda, K.; Ikeda,
H.; Imura, H.; Seino, Y.
Duluth, Minn. : Academic Press; 1991 Mar29.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications v. 175 (3): p. 995-1002.
ill; 1991 Mar29. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Obesity; Diabetes mellitus; Carbohydrate metabolism; Glucose;
Insulin; Resistance; Genes; Gene expression; Messenger RNA; Liver; Skeletal
muscle; Rats
Abstract: In order to investigate the regulation of glucose transporter gene
expression in the altered metabolic conditions of obesity and diabetes, we have
measured mRNA levels encoding GLUT2 in the liver and GLUT4 in the gastrocnemius
muscle from various insulin resistant animal models, including Zucker fatty,
Wistar fatty, and streptozocin(STZ)-treated diabetic rats. Northern blot
analysis revealed that GLUT2 mRNA levels were significantly (P<0.001) elevated
in 14 wk Zucker fatty and Wistar fatty rats relative to lean littermates but
were similar in these two groups at 5 wk of age. Furthermore, there was
significant increase (P<0.01) in GLUT2 mRNA levels in STZ diabetic rats at 3 wk
after treatment. GLUT4 mRNA levels were not significantly different between
control and insulin resistant rats in all animal models. These results indicate
that neither hyperinsulinemia nor hyperglycemia affects GLUT4 mRNA levels in
the muscle. However, GLUT2 mRNA levels in the liver were elevated in obesity
and diabetes, although this regulatory event occurred independently from
circulating insulin or glucose concentrations.
142 NAL Call. No.: RC660.A1D53
Low-protein diets in renal disease.
Zeller, K.R.
Alexandria, Va. : American Diabetes Association; 1991 Sep.
Diabetes care v. 14 (9): p. 856-866; 1991 Sep. Literature review. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kidney diseases; Morbidity; Mortality; Protein intake; Animal
models; Protein secretion; Renal function; Renal failure; Literature reviews;
Man
Abstract: End-stage renal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality
in the U.S. population and a significant contributor to national health-care
expenditures. In recent years, a growing body of literature has accumulated
from studies in animals and humans to suggest that dietary protein restriction
can significantly retard the progression of chronic renal insufficiency. This
article reviews the relevant literature and outlines the questions that remain
for future investigation.
143 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Lymphoblastic lymphoma in a colony of N:NIH (S)-bg-nu-xid mice. Waggie, K.S.;
Wu-Owens, J.; Hollifield, V.; Hansen, C.T.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Aug.
Laboratory animal science v. 42 (4): p. 375-377; 1992 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Lymphoma
Abstract: During a 1-year period, 28 animals from a breeding colony of
N:NIH(S)-bg-nu-xid mice were discovered to have rapidly enlarging subcutaneous
swellings in the ventral, cervical, and axillary regions. Five of the mice also
had hind limb paresis. Twenty-two of the mice were heterozygous nude females,
five were homozygous nude males, and one was a homozygous nude female. All of
the above mice were homo- or hemizygous for the beige and X-linked
immunodeficiency mutations. The average age of the mice was 8.3 months.
Generalized enlargement of the peripheral and internal lymph nodes was present
at the time of necropsy examination. Other lesions commonly noted at necropsy
included splenomegaly (15 mice), pale and thickened ventral lumbar spinal
musculature (11 mice), and opaque, thickened meninges of the brain (10 mice).
Histologic examination consistently disclosed infiltrates of neoplastic
lymphoblasts in multiple tissues including lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow,
and meninges of the brain and spinal cord. The cells were positive for IgG on
immunofluorescent staining, suggesting that the tumors were of B cell origin.
The neoplasms observed in these mice have several similarities to tumors found
in immunodeficient humans, suggesting that these mice may serve as useful
animal models of lymphoma.
144 NAL Call. No.: RC628.T697 1992
Marked caloric restriction and organ response in normal-weight and obese
experimental animals.
Young, E.A.
New York : Guilford Press; 1992.
Treatment of the seriously obese patient / edited by Thomas A. Wadden, Theodore
B. VanItallie ; foreward by Per Bjorntorp. p. 107-135; 1992. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Calorie-restricted diets; Metabolic studies; Nutrition physiology;
Animal models
145 NAL Call. No.: TX551.N87
Mechanisms of food intolerances: development and use of experimental animal
models.
Miller, K.; Nicklin, S.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1988.
Nutritional and toxicological aspects of food processing : proceedings of an
interntional symposium held at the Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy,
14-16 April 1987 / edited by R. Walker and E. Quattrucci. p. 351-364; 1988.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Food intolerance; Animal experiments
146 NAL Call. No.: 448.8 M56
Membrane fluidity and sodium transport by renal membranes from dogs with
spontaneous idiopathic Fanconi syndrome.
Hsu, B.Y.L.; McNamara, P.D.; Mahoney, S.G.; Fenstermacher, E.A.; Rea, C.T.;
Bovee, K.C.; Segal, S.
Orlando, Fla. : W.B. Saunders Co; 1992 Mar.
Metabolism: clinical and experimental v. 41 (3): p. 253-259; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Fanconi syndrome; Kidneys; Membranes; Sodium; Nutrient
uptake; Nutrient transport; Animal models
147 NAL Call. No.: 448.8 M56
Metabolic abnormalities of the hyperglycemic obese Zucker rat. McCaleb, M.L.;
Sredy, J.
Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Co; 1992 May.
Metabolism: clinical and experimental v. 41 (5): p. 522-525; 1992 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diabetes mellitus; Hyperglycemia; Obesity; Metabolism;
Physiopathology; Animal models; Rats
148 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
A method for hyperthermic treatment of mouse skin.
Gragtmans, N.J.; Jevcak, J.J.; Mitchel, R.E.J.; Morrison, D.P.; McCann, R.A.;
Murphy, J.W.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Apr.
Laboratory animals v. 26 (2): p. 122-126; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Skin; Animal models; Disease models; Hyperthermia;
Carcinogenesis; Promoters; Carcinogens
Abstract: The Sencar mouse skin system is a recognized model for tumour
initiation, promotion and progression. The current interest in the effect of
hyperthermia on this multi-stage tumorigenesis model prompted the need for a
technique to accurately heat a section of dorsal skin of a large number of mice
for 30 min per heat treatment. In the technique described, experimental groups
of 25 female Sencar mice were treated at 7-8 weeks of age under general
methoxyflurane anaesthesia. Treatment consisted of the application of
initiating and/or promoting agents with or without hyperthermia. For
hyperthermic skin treatments, each group of mice was placed onto a platform in
a water bath so that the dorsal skin of the mice was in contact with 44 degrees
C temperature controlled water.
149 NAL Call. No.: QP43.M47
Methods in animal physiology.
Deyl, Zdenek; Zicha, Joseph
Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press,; 1989.
438 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. Includes bibliographies and index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Physiology, Experimental; Methodology; Pathology, Experimental;
Methodology; Diseases; Animal models
150 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484
The microepidemiology of wasting syndrome, a common link to diarrheal disease,
cancer, rabies, animal models of AIDS, and HIV-AIDS (HAIDS): the feline
leukemia virus and rabies virus models.
Tshikuka, J.G.; Torres-Anjel, M.J.; Blenden, D.C.; Elliott, S.C. New York, N.Y.
: The Academy; 1992.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 653: p. 274-296. ill; 1992. In
the series analytic: Tropical veterinary medicine: current issues and
perspectives / edited by J.C. Williams, K.M. Kocan, and E.P.J. Gibbs.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Epidemiology; Human
immunodeficiency virus; Disease models; Feline oncovirus; Rabies virus;
Literature reviews
151 NAL Call. No.: 442.9 SO1
Minimum requirements of n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids for the function of
the central nervous system and for the prevention of chronic disease. Okuyama,
H.
Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1992 Jun.
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine v. 200 (2): p.
174-176; 1992 Jun. Proceedings of a "Conference on Molecular and Comparative
Nutrition," July 22-24, 1991, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,
Maryland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Linoleic acid; Linolenic acid; Safflower oil; Perilla; Plant oils;
Nutrition; Animal behavior; Animal physiology; Central nervous system;
Diseases; Disease prevention; Animal models; Rats; Mice
Abstract: General behavioral patterns of rats or mice fed 5 wt% safflower oil
(75% linolenate [n-6] and < 0.1% alpha-linolenate [n-3]) for two generations
were significantly different from those of animals fed 5 wt% perilla oil (15%
n-6 and 55% n-3). Also, brightness-discrimination learning ability and retinal
function were higher in the perilla group than in the group fed 5 wt% soybean
oil (53% n-6 and 4.7% n-3) or safflower oil, indicating that the requirement of
n-3 for the maximum responses of the nervous system is above 0.6 en% when there
is 6.8 en% linoleate n-6. Perilla oil has been found to be beneficial for the
suppression of carcinogenesis, allergic hyperreactivity, thrombotic tendency,
apoplexy, hypertension, and aging in animals, as compared with soybean oil and
safflower oil. These results are against a lipid peroxide theory of aging,
carcinogenesis, and chronic diseases. Animal experiments and epidemiological
studies lead to a recommendation that the intake of n-6 should be decreased to
as low as 2-4 en% and that of n-3 be increased to levels higher than linoleate
n-6 for the prevention of chronic diseases prevailing in the industrialized
countries.
152 NAL Call. No.: QD341.A2N8
Mitochondrial genome expression in a mutant strain of D. subobscura, an animal
model for large scale mtDNA deletion.
Beziat, F.; Morel, F.; Volz-Lingenhol, A.; Saint Paul, N.; Alziari, S. Oxford :
IRL Press; 1993 Feb11.
Nucleic acids research v. 21 (3): p. 387-392; 1993 Feb11. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Drosophila subobscura; Mitochondrial DNA; Deletions;
Mitochondrial genetics; Genomes; Transcription; Gene expression; Messenger RNA;
Genes; Transfer RNA; Structural genes; Nadh dehydrogenase; Cytochrome b
Abstract: A mitochondrial mutant strain of D. subobscura has two mitochondrial
genome populations (heteroplasmy): the first (20-30% of the population, 15.9
kb) is the same as could be found in the wild type; the second (70-80% of the
population, 11 kb) has lost by deletion several genes coding for complex I and
III subunits, and four tRNAs. In human pathology, this kind of mutation has
been correlated with severe diseases such as the Kearns-Sayre syndrome, but the
mutant strain does not seem to be affected by the mutation. Studies reported
here show that: a) Transcripts from genes not concerned by the mutation are
present at the same level in both strains. b) In contrast, transcript
concentrations from genes involved in the deletion are significantly decreased
(30-50%) in the mutant. c) Deleted DNA was expressed as shown by the detection
of the fusion transcript. d) The mtDNA/nuc.DNA ratio is 1.5 times higher in the
mutant strain than in the wild type. The mutation leads to change in the
transcript level equilibrium. The apparent innocuousness of the mutation may
suggest some post-transcriptional compensation mechanisms. This drosophila
strain is an interesting model to study the consequence of this type of
mitochondrial genome deletion.
153 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
A model of postprandial hyperinsulinemia in miniature swine. Weingard, K.W.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989 Sep.
Laboratory animal science v. 39 (5): p. 394-399; 1989 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Hyperinsulinemia; Insulin; Diets; Disease models;
Atherosclerosis
Abstract: This report describes a new animal model of postprandial
hyperinsulinemia (PPH) in adult miniature swine that consume a diet simulating
that of affluent Western societies. Two progressive levels of PPH were induced
experimentally by injecting subcutaneously low and high doses of purified
porcine insuline without causing acute detrimental clinical effects or
significant biological effects on total serum cholesterol, sodium and potassium
concentrations, mean arterial blood pressure, or heart rate. Physiologic
postprandial increments in total serum triglyceride concentrations were
inhibited by experimentally-induced PPH. With this model, the in vivo effects
of homologous PPH can be studied in a dose-responsive manner. Areas of
potential research use of this model include study of the chronic effects of
PPH on lipoprotein metabolism, the development of atherosclerosis and diabetes
mellitus, and the association with regional body fat distribution and
metabolism.
154 NAL Call. No.: 447.8 AM3
Model of spontaneous obesity in aging male Wistar rats.
Newby, F.D.; DiGirolamo, M.; Cotsonis, G.A.; Kutner, M.H.
Bethesda, Md. : American Physiological Society; 1990 Dec.
American journal of physiology v. 259 (6,pt.2): p. R1117-R1125; 1990 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Obesity; Adipose tissue; Growth; Adipocytes; Morphology; Body fat;
Body weight; Animal models; Rats; Aging; Male animals
Abstract: We analyzed retrospectively data from 148 chow-fed male Wistar rats
killed between the age of 6 wk and 2 yr while varying in body weight from 136
to 917 g. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship of body
weight and body lipid content with the composition and cellularity of the
epididymal and retroperitoneal fat depots. A positive linear association was
found between body weight and body water or fat-free dry residue, whereas total
body lipid exhibited a curvilinear relationship with body weight. The weight of
the epididymal pads was linearly related to body weight but not to body lipid.
In contrast, retroperitoneal pad weight was exponentially related to body
weight and paralleled total body lipid. A strong linear correlation was found
between total body lipid and weight (r = 0.959) or depot lipid content (r =
0.967) of the retroperitoneal fat pads. In this rat model of aging and
spontaneous obesity, significant regional differences exist in adipose depot
composition and cellularity. A practical outcome of this study is a simple and
accurate prediction of body lipid content from the gravimetric determination of
the retroperitoneal fat depots.
155 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43
Modeling in biomedical research: an assessment of current and potential
approaches.
Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research
Council; 1990.
I.L.A.R. news v. 32 (2): p. 2-3; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal models; Disease models; Cardiovascular diseases; Diabetes
mellitus; Animal experiments; Computer simulation; Medical research
156 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J82
Morphological changes associated with furazolidone-induced cardiomyopathy:
effects of digoxin and propranolol.
Gwathmey, J.K.
London : Academic Press; 1991 Jan.
Journal of comparative pathology v. 104 (1): p. 33-45; 1991 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal models; Disease models; Cardiomyopathy; Poults;
Furazolidone; Histopathology; Digoxin; Propranolol; Muscular hypertrophy
157 NAL Call. No.: RC280.L5M67
Mouse liver carcinogenesis mechanisms and species comparisons : proceedings of
a symposium held in Austin, Texas, November 30-December 3, 1988. Stevenson,
Donald E.
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science-Park Research Division New York : A.R.
Liss,; 1989.
xix, 444 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (Progress in clinical and biological research ; v.
331). Conference hosted by the Science Park-Research Division of the
University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Smithville, Tex. Includes
bibliographical references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Liver; Tumors; Congresses; Cancer; Animal models; Congresses;
Carcinogenicity testing; Congresses; Carcinogenesis; Congresses; Mice;
Diseases; Congresses
158 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Mouse model for disseminated Trichosporon beigelii infection. Bannatyne, R.M.;
Fong, I.W.; Cheng, P.; Capellan, J.M.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Apr.
Laboratory animal science v. 42 (2): p. 168-169; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Animal models; Trichosporon beigelii; Mycoses; Experimental
infection
159 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Mouse models of short- and long-term foreign body in the urinary bladder:
analogies to the bladder segment of urinary catheters.
Johnson, D.E.; Lockatell, C.V.; Hall-Craggs, M.; Warren, J.W. Cordova, Tenn. :
American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct. Laboratory animal
science v. 41 (5): p. 451-455; 1991 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Animal models; Bladder; Catheters; Foreign bodies; Bacterial
diseases; Experiments; Long term experiments
Abstract: Catheter-associated bacteriuria is the most common infection
occurring in hospitals, where urethral catheters are generally in place for a
few days, and in nursing homes, where catheters may be in place for months or
years. We developed murine models with intrabladder urinary catheters for
studying complications of bacteriuria in short- and long-term catheterization.
In the short-term model, a catheter segment was inserted transurethrally and
lay free within the bladder lumen. Half of the animals expelled segments during
a 2-to-7-day period, durations similar to catheterizations in hospitalized
patients. For studies of long-term catheter use, the catheter segment was
secured within the bladder by a single suture for up to 12 months. Antibiotics
administered for 7 days after catheter placement and housing mice in cages with
wire screen floors reduced spontaneous bacteriuria to an acceptably low
incidence rate of only 7%. Proteus mirabilis bacteriuria of high concentration
provoked the same complications that are common in patients with long-term
catheters: acute pyelonephritis, chronic renal inflammation, and struvite stone
formation. These models allow inoculation of the bacteria of interest and are
suitable for studies of short- and long-term foreign body-associated
bacteriuria and its complications.
160 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
The muskrat in biomedical research.
Doyle, R.E.; Panneton, W.M.; Vogler, G.A.; Romeo, J.P.; Watson, B.J.; Higgins,
B.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Dec.
Laboratory animal science v. 38 (6): p. 667-674. ill; 1988 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Muskrats; Animal husbandry; Animal health; Handling; Quarantine;
Medical research; Animal experiments
Abstract: Muskrats are aquatic rodents of moderate size which are plentiful
throughout North America, but are not used commonly in the laboratory.
Recently, we tested the feasibility of muskrats as experimental models and have
found them to be acquired and cared for easily in conventional laboratory
animal facilities. Some of their natural characteristics and diseases are
described. The husbandry techniques that we used are presented and form a base
for the preparation of future guidelines for the maintenance and use of feral
animals in research. The results of some initial experiments testing the
muskrat's utility for investigations of cardiorespiratory control mechanisms
also are presented. Our data show that even anesthetized muskrats possess brisk
and dramatic cardiovascular and respiratory reflexes. Our findings that their
brains possess the cytoarchitectural and myeloarchitectural features comparable
to other mammals, combined with their relative uniformity in size, has allowed
us to locate specific neuronal loci stereotaxically. We suggest that the
muskrat be considered as an experimental animal model for studies of the neural
control of cardiorespiratory systems.
161 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 P27
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis monossociated nude mice as a paratuberculosis
model.
Hamilton, H.L.; Cooley, A.J.; Adams, J.L.; Czuprynski, C.J. Lawrence, Kan. :
American College of Veterinary Pathologists; 1991 Mar. Veterinary pathology v.
28 (2): p. 146-155; 1991 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; Disease models; Peptides;
Necrosis; Animal models
162 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1P72
Neuroendocrine alterations in iron deficiency.
Beard, J.L.
Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1990.
Progress in food and nutrition science v. 14 (1): p. 45-80. charts; 1990.
Literature review. Includes 141 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iron; Mineral deficiencies; Mineral metabolism; Neurophysiology;
Neurosecretory systems; Temperature; Catecholamines; Animal experiments; Human
nutrition research
Abstract: A model of iron metabolism has been used for several years and
suggests that the deleterious consequences of iron deficiency occur only after
depletion of body iron stores. The biochemical consequences of iron deficiency
have been adequately reviewed by others and will be covered only briefly here.
This review will focus on those effects of iron deficiency on neuroendocrine
processes. Out of necessity, many of these observations are derived from the
rat as a animal model and are limited in breadth and depth of investigation.
The rat model has been reasonable for many studies of iron metabolism and
tissue biochemistry, but serious concerns can and should be raised when
neuroendocrine relationships are being investigated. Nonetheless, strong
parallels have been observed between effects of iron deficiency anemia in
humans and the rat model especially with regard to thyroid metabolism and
catecholamines. The discrepancies may reflect the greater severity of the
deficiency generated in the rat as well as the rate of development of the
deficiency.
163 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
A new mouse strain manifesting high proteinuria and kinney glomerular defect.
Hyun, B.H.; Wakasugi, N.; Nose, M.; Saito, T.; Tomita, T.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct.
Laboratory animal science v. 41 (5): p. 442-446; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Mutants; Proteinuria; Glomerulopathy; Recessive genes;
Animalmodels; Disease models
Abstract: A mutant strain of mice manifesting high proteinuria, wasting
syndrome, and kidney glomerular defect was established from the F5 offspring of
an interstrain cross of CBA/Nga and RFM/Nga mice. Affected mice had high levels
of proteinuria after 40 days of age. The body weight of about 22.6% of affected
mice decreased rapidly and they died between 3 and 5 months of age. We learned
that this abnormality is controlled by two pairs of autosomal recessive genes;
the mutant strain of mice is designated FGS/Nga. The mutant strain has been
characterized by high proteinuria and renal lesions with focal sclerosis of
glomeruli and tubular atrophy with interstitial nephritis in the kidney
resembling the human disease. The FGS/Nga mouse strain is a potential animal
model for studying kidney glomerular defect in humans.
164 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
A new rat mutant with chronic conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and renal
glomerular lesions.
Hosokawa, S.; Tagaya, O.; Mikami, T.; Nozaki, Y.; Kawaguchi, A.; Yamatsu, K.;
Shamoto, M.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Feb.
Laboratory animal science v. 42 (1): p. 27-34; 1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Mutants; Hyperbilirubinemia; Animal models; Hereditary
diseases; Disease models; Glomerulus; Histopathology
Abstract: A new mutant strain of inbred Sprague Dawley rats with autosomal
recessive hyperbilirubinuria, were studied by biochemical, histologic, and
ultrastructural methods. The plasma bilirubin concentration in the homozygote
was significantly higher than that of the heterozygote, and about 80% of the
bilirubin was conjugated. Plasma BSP and ICG clearance were both severely
delayed in the homozygote. Plasma BSP elimination kinetics suggested that the
pathophysiologic defect was not hepatic uptake or storage but rather in
secretion into bile. Histopathology of the liver demonstrated brown pigment in
the hepatocytes that appeared to be lipofuscin. The electron microscopic
features of the hepatic pigment resembled those of the Dubin-Johnson syndrome.
Homozygote histopathology also revealed glomerular lesions with mesangial
expansion and proliferation in the kidneys. Immunohistologic studies disclosed
mesangial granular deposition of IgG, IgA, and to a lesser degree, IgM and C3.
These renal changes resembled those of IgA nephropathy. The spontaneous
hyperbilirubinuric rat (EHBR) may be a useful animal model for studying
constitutive conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, bilirubin metabolism, cholestasis,
and glomerulonephropathy subsequent to hepatic dysfunction.
165 NAL Call. No.: RC262.C5N8
No effect of adult dietary fat on tumors induced prenatally by
diethylstilbestrol.
Walker, B.E.
Hillsdale, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc; 1992.
Nutrition and cancer v. 17 (2): p. 161-169; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Female animals; Prenatal period; Diethylstilbestrol; Maturation;
Dietary fat; Neoplasms
Abstract: Strain CD-1 female mice exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol
(DES) or vehicle were placed on semipurified diets containing 2.6%, 10%, 20%,
or 29% fat by weight at four weeks of age. These mice were used as a breeding
colony for a few weeks and then maintained to terminal illness on the
semipurified diets. Females exposed prenatally to DES developed mammary tumors,
pituitary tumors, and glandular tumors of the reproductive tract. There was no
significant difference in tumor frequency between low- and high-fat dietary
groups. Fewer tumors appeared in the vehicle-exposed mice, as expected, and
their frequency did not differ between the dietary groups. Pregnancy reduced
tumor frequency in DES-exposed mice, but the incidence of pregnancy was not
significantly different between low- and high-fat dietary groups. In the adult
the failure of a high-fat diet to increase the frequency of reproductive system
tumors induced prenatally is in marked contrast to the effectiveness of high-
fat diets in promoting mammary tumors induced by carcinogens given to rats
postnatally. This difference is critical in the interpretation of
epidemiological studies. The relationship of dietary fat to reproductive system
cancer in human populations was reviewed in comparison with these two animal
models. The epidemiological literature was found to be more consistent with the
animal model, showing high sensitivity to dietary fat prenatally but no
significant sensitivity at the adult stage of life.
166 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43
The NOD mouse: a model for analyzing the interplay between heredity and
environment in development of autoimmune disease.
Leiter, E.H.
Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research
Council; 1993.
I.L.A.R. news v. 35 (1): p. 4-14; 1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Animal models; Autoimmune diseases
167 NAL Call. No.: QP141.H78
Nutrition and aging in animal models.
Masoro, E.J.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum; 1989.
Human nutrition : a comprehensive treatise v. 6: p. 25-41; 1989. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Elderly nutrition; Laboratory animals; Food restriction; Caloric
intake; Dietary proteins; Source fat; Nutrient intake; Minerals; Vitamins
168 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484
Nutritional influence on neonatal infections in animal models and man. Harris,
M.C.; Douglas, S.D.
New York, N.Y. : The Academy; 1990.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 587: p. 246-256; 1990. In the
series analytic: Micronutrients and immune functions / edited by A. Bendich and
Ranjit K. Chandra. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Infant nutrition; Infectious diseases; Malnutrition; Neonates;
Neutrophils; Rats; Animal models; Disease resistance; Literature reviews
169 NAL Call. No.: QP141.C65
Obesity--role of animal models.
McCracken, K.J.
London : J. Libbey; 1988.
Comparative nutrition / editors, Sir Kenneth Blaxter, Ian Macdonald. p.
163-184; 1988. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Obesity; Nutrition physiology; Animal experiments
170 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J824
Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and development.
Simopoulos, A.P.
Baltimore, Md. : American Society for Clinical Nutrition; 1991 Sep. American
journal of clinical nutrition v. 54 (3): p. 438-463. charts; 1991 Sep.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Polyenoic fatty acids; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Docosenoic acids;
Metabolism; Nutrient sources; Diet; Evolution; Food composition tables; Heart
diseases; Hypertension; Inflammation; Autoimmune diseases; Neoplasms; Diabetes;
Nutrient deficiencies; Disease prevention; Nutrition physiology; Literature
reviews
Abstract: Several sources of information suggest that man evolved on a diet
with a ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids of approximately 1 whereas today
this ratio is approximately 10:1 to 20-25:1, indicating that Western diets are
deficient in omega 3 fatty acids compared with the diet on which humans evolved
and their genetic patterns were established. Omega-3 fatty acids increase
bleeding time; decrease platelet aggregation, blood viscosity, and fibrinogen;
and increase erythrocyte deformability, thus decreasing the tendency to
thrombus formation. In no clinical trial, including coronary artery graft
surgery, has there been any evidence of increased blood loss due to ingestion
of omega 3 fatty acids. Many studies show that the effects of omega 3 fatty
acids on serum lipids depend on the type of patient and whether the amount of
saturated fatty acids in the diet is held constant. In patients with
hyperlipidemia, omega 3 fatty acids decrease low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)
cholesterol if the saturated fatty acid content is decreased, otherwise there
is a slight increase, but at high doses (32 g) they lower LDL cholesterol;
furthermore, they consistently lower serum triglycerides in normal subjects and
in patients with hypertriglyceridemia whereas the effect on high-density
lipoprotein (HDL) varies from no effect to slight increases. The discrepancies
between animal and human studies most likely are due to differences between
animal and human metabolism. In clinical trials eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the form of fish oils along with antirheumatic
drugs improve joint pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis; have a
beneficial effect in patients with ulcerative colitis; and in combination with
drugs, improve the skin lesions, lower the hyperlipidemia from etretinates, and
decrease the toxicity of cyclosporin in patients with psoriasis. In various
animal models omega 3 fatty acids decrease the number and size of tumors and
increase the time
171 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P6C6 v.25
Osteoarthritis in rhesus monkeys and gibbons a locomotor model of joint
degeneration.
DeRousseau, C. Jean
Basel ; New York : Karger,; 1988.
xii, 145 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. (Contributions to primatology ; v. 25). Includes
index. Bibliography: p. [103]-131.
Language: English
Descriptors: Osteoarthritis; Animal models; Primates; Diseases; Medical
anthropology
172 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52
Ovine GM1 gangliosidosis.
Murnane, R.D.; Ahern-Rindell, A.J.; Prieur, D.J.
New York : Elsevier; 1991 Oct.
Small ruminant research v. 6 (1/2): p. 109-115; 1991 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Gangliosidosis; Lysosomes; Neurons; Histopathology;
Diagnosis; Symptoms; Animal models
173 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484
Oxygen free radical-mediated heart injury in animal models and during bypass
surgery in humans: effects of alpha-tocopherol.
Ferrari, R.; Curello, S.; Boffa, G.M.; Condorelli, E.; Pasini, E.; Guarnieri,
G.; Albertini, A.
New York, N.Y. : The Academy; 1989.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 570: p. 237-253; 1989. In the
series analytic: Vitamin E--biochemistry and health implications / edited by
A.T. Diplock, L.J. Machlin, L. Packer and W.A. Pryor. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Myocardial ischemia; Oxygen; Stress; Surgery; Vitamin e; Vitamin
deficiency; Human nutrition research; Rats; Literature reviews
174 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Pancreatectomized swine as a model of diabetes mellitus.
Stump, K.C.; Swindle, M.M.; Saudek, C.D.; Strandberg, J.D.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Aug.
Laboratory animal science v. 38 (4): p. 439-443. ill; 1988 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Pancreatectomy; Disease models; Diabetes; Blood glucose;
Insulin; Mortality
Abstract: The development of a model of diabetes mellitus using swine offers
the potential for new investigations in the study of human diabetic
complications. In particular, animal models for the study of accelerated
atherosclerosis associated with diabetes are important and presently lacking.
Swine were selected because they have a natural susceptibility to
atherosclerosis and have plasma lipoprotein patterns which are close to those
of humans. Diabetes mellitus was induced in nine miniature swine by total
pancreatectomy. Following surgery, they were maintained on porcine derived
insulin at doses predicated on blood glucose levels. Pancreatic enzymes were
replaced by dietary supplementation. Eight of the nine pigs were
pancreatectomized successfully and stabilized with insulin. After initial
weight loss, the pancreatectomized pigs maintained growth rates comparable to
controls. Hypoglycemia and bacterial infections were the major problems
experienced. Post-operative survival ranged from 50 days to 455 days. Our study
shows that swine can be pancreatectomized successfully and maintained as
insulin dependent animals, presenting a realistic model for research on the
complications of diabetes.
175 NAL Call. No.: TX345.B74
The pathogenesis of obesity.
Bray, G.A.
San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1989.
Bristol-Myers Squibb/Mead Johnson nutrition symposia v. 7: p. 129-143. charts;
1989. In the series analytic: Nutrition and the Origins of Disease / edited by
C.H. Halsted and R.B. Rucker. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Obesity; Nutrient balance; Energy expenditure; Regulation;
Feedback; Neurotransmitters; Brain; Sympathetic nervous system; Adrenalectomy;
Nutrition physiology; Literature reviews
Abstract: The regulation of body weight is presented as a controlled system
for nutrient balance. Nutrient intake and storage; energy expenditure; a
nutrient control equation; and animal models of obesity (hypothalamic, genetic
and dietary) are discussed. The role of the brain (anatomy and
neurotransmitters); feedback signals; and efferent controls as regulators of
food intake and nutrient metabolism are also reviewed.
176 NAL Call. No.: DISS F1991140
Pathogenetische Rolle zytotoxischer T-Lymphozyten bei der Masernenzephalitis im
Tiermodell [Pathogenetic relevance of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in measles
virus-induced encephalitis in two animal models].
Niewiesk, Stefan
Hannover : [s.n.],; 1991.
ix, 134 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. Summary in English. Includes bibliographical
references (p. 107-126).
Language: German
177 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Pharmacokinetics of fusidic acid in laboratory animals.
Findon, G.; Miller, T.E.; Rowe, L.C.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct.
Laboratory animal science v. 41 (5): p. 462-465; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Mice; Rabbits; Guinea pigs; Antibiotics; Pharmacokinetics;
Oral administration; Subcutaneous injection; Intramuscular injection
Abstract: The ability to evaluate the efficacy of fusidic acid in animal
models of infectious disease is limited by the absence of pharmacokinetic data
for the agent in laboratory animals. In our study, aspects of fusidic acid
pharmacokinetics were compared in rats (Rattus norwegicus), mice (Mus
musculus), rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), and guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus).
Sodium fusidate was poorly absorbed after oral administration to rats, although
limited absorption occurred in guinea pigs, mice, and rabbits. Subcutaneous
injections of diethanolamine fusidate to laboratory rats, however, achieved a
serum profile similar to that observed in humans. There was no evidence of drug
accumulation in rats given repeated subcutaneous doses of diethanolamine
fusidate during a 4-day period, but rabbits showed clear evidence of a
cumulative effect.
178 NAL Call. No.: TD888.C65C68 1988
Physiologic and cellular changes in an animal model of byssinosis. Hara, K.S.;
Scanlon, P.D.; Schroeder, M.A.; Rohrbach, M.S.
Memphis, TN : National Cotton Council; 1988.
Cotton dust : proceedings of the Twelfth Cotton Dust Research Conference,
beltwide cotton research conferences, New Orleans, LA, January 6-7, 1988 / proc
of Endotoxin Inhalation Workshop, Clearwater, FL, Sept 28-30, 1987. p. 171-175;
1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Guinea pigs; Cotton; Dusts; Respiratory diseases
179 NAL Call. No.: 389.1 W892
The piglet as a model animal for studying aspects of digestion and absorption
in milk-fed human infants.
Moughan, P.J.; Nirtles, M.J.; Cranwell, P.D.; Smith, W.C.; Pedraza, M. Basel :
S. Karger; 1992.
World review of nutrition and dietetics v. 67: p. 40-113; 1992. In the series
analytic: Nutritional triggers for health and disease / edited by A. P.
Simopoulos. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Infants; Diet; Milk; Human milk; Digestion; Absorption; Animal
models; Piglets; Literature reviews
180 NAL Call. No.: QP86.P6
The Potential for nutritional modulation of the aging process. Ingram, Donald
K.; Baker, George T.; Shock, Nathan Wetherill, Trumbull, Conn. : Food &
Nutrition Press,; 1991.
xiii, 417 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (Publications in food science and nutrition).
Proceedings of an international conference sponsored by the American Health
Foundation, co-sponsored by National Institutes on Aging, Food and Drug
Administration, The Gerontological Society of America, September 13-15, 1988,
New York, NY. Includes bibliographical references and index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Aging
Abstract: Reports the proceedings of a conference on the fundamental effects
of nutritional variables on aging processes. Variables range from population
demography and epidemiology to biochemistry and molecular genetics to the
involvement of nutritional variables in the etiology of specific diseases.
Research on animal models of the effects of calorie restriction on a number of
age-related phenomena ranging from genetic expression to learning and memory
and the involvement of specific nutrients on age-related processes are
presented.
181 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484
Prenatal protein malnutrition and postnatal brain function. Tonkiss, J.;
Galler, J.; Morgane, P.J.; Bronzino, J.D.; Austin-Lafrance, R.J. New York, N.Y.
: The Academy; 1993.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 678: p. 215-227; 1993. In the
series analytic: Maternal nutrition and pregnancy outcome / edited by C.L.
Keen, A. Bendich, and C.C. Willhite. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Human nutrition research; Prenatal period; Protein deficiencies;
Puerperium; Animal models; Brain; Neurophysiology; Literature reviews
182 NAL Call. No.: QR1.I57
Production and purification of heat-stable exterotoxin b from a porcine
Escherichia coli strain.
Dubreuil, J.D.; Faribrother, J.M.; Lallier, R.; Lariviere, S. Washington, D.C.
: American Society for Microbiology; 1991 Jan. Infection and immunity v. 59
(1): p. 198-203; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Rats; Escherichia coli; Enterotoxins; Heat stability;
Purification; Characterization; Animal models
Abstract: Production of heat-stable enterotoxin b (STb) by porcine Escherichia
coli strains belonging to serogroup O115 was evaluated in ligated intestinal
segments of adult rats. The conditions for optimal production and detection of
STb were studied by using the STb-producing strain 4247. As STb production was
similar in complex Trypticase soy broth and minimal Davis medium, the latter
was used for the fermentation of strain 4247 and the production of STb in large
quantities. STb was then purified to apparent homogeneity by sequential
ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation, and preparative gel electrophoresis. The
enterotoxin was purified more than 500-fold and exhibited a molecular weight of
approximately 5,000 as determined by urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate gel
electrophoresis. Purified STb retained such chemical characteristics as
resistance to heating (60 degrees C/30 min) and sensitivity to trypsin. A
rabbit polyclonal antiserum was produced against the purified toxin. Numerous
booster doses were required to obtain a significant enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay titer, suggesting that STb is a poor immunogen. Nevertheless, the
antiserum was used successfully to discriminate between culture supernatants of
STb-positive and STb-negative O115 E. coli strains, thus demonstrating the
immunogenicity of purified STb.
183 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Pulmonary responses of conscious strain 13 guinea pigs to pichinde viral
infection.
Guo, Z.M.; Liu, C.T.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Dec.
Laboratory animal science v. 41 (6): p. 581-584; 1991 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Guinea pigs; Pichinde virus; Animal models; Respiration;
Measurement
Abstract: A laboratory animal model for studying puonary responses to
arenaviral infection was established with advanced technologies. Tidal volume
(TV), respiratory rate (RR), minute volume (MV), expiratory time (TE),
inspiratory time (TI), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and specific pulmonary
airway resistance (RES) were measured with a double plethysmograph and a
computer data-acquisition system in six conscious, strain 13 guinea pigs. Using
the same animal, experiments were conducted before and after subcutaneous
inoculation with 10(4) plaque-forming units of Pichinde virus. Pulmonary
functions were determined for 1 minute every 10 minutes for 2 hours before and
at postinoculation days (PUD) 3, 6, 8, and daily thereafter until shortly
before death. The mean time to death was 18 +/- 0.7 days. Tidal volume, RR, MV,
PEF, RES, and rectal temperature increased slightly on PID 3 and reached peak
values at the midpoint of disease. At 95% of the mean time to death (16.5 +/-
0.5 days), RR, MV, and rectal temperatures suddenly decreased to lower than
baseline values; while TV, RES, and PEF values remained high. When TE decreased
with the increase in RR, TI did not change. When RR decreased at the terminal
stage, both TE and TI increased. Hyperventilation, increased specific pulmonary
airway resistance, terminal hypoventilation, and respiratory arrest were noted
in strain 13 guinea pigs infected with Pichinde virus.
184 NAL Call. No.: RA1190.F8
Quantitative analysis of neuronal damage induced by tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate
in Wistar rats.
Inui, K.; Mitsumori, K.; Harada, T.; Maita, K.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1993 Jan.
Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of
Toxicology v. 20 (1): p. 111-119; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Organophosphorus compounds; Toxicity; Neurotoxins; Nervous system
diseases; Neurons; Histopathology; Ultrastructure; Animal models; Toxicology;
Rats
Abstract: A quantitative analysis of neuronal damage was performed on the
fasciculus gracilis (FG) of the cervical spinal cord in male Wistar rats that
received orally a single dose of tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) at 1500
mg/kg. FG tissues were sampled at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after treatment and
examined histopathologically. Wallerian degeneration of myelinated nerve fibers
was observed in FG at 2 weeks. Morphological changes were most evident at 3
weeks after treatment and the number of fibers was reduced. Ultrastructurally,
axonal swelling due to the accumulation of cytoplasmic contents was observed
near the node of Ranvier in the affected animals, indicating paranodal
degeneration. Axonal atrophy and swelling in organophosphorus-induced delayed
neuropathy (OPIDN) were evaluated quantitatively using a computer-assisted
image analyzer. Morphometric examinations on semi-thin sections and frozen
sections stained with Nauta's method were demonstrated to be useful for
objective evaluation of OPIDN in the rat.
185 NAL Call. No.: 41.9 AM37
Quantitative TC-99m-MDP joint scintigraphy in a lentivirus-induced arthritis of
goats.
Papageorges, M.; Gavin, P.R.; Barbee, D.D.; Sande, R.D.; Knowles, D.P.;
Cheevers, W.P.
Raleigh, N.C. : American College of Veterinary Radiology; 1991 Mar. Veterinary
radiology v. 32 (2): p. 82-86; 1991 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Goats; Scintigraphy; Technetium; Caprine arthritis encephalitis
virus; Arthritis; Inflammation; Joints (animal); Histopathology; Animalmodels
186 NAL Call. No.: 442.9 SO1
Reduced survival of neonates due to vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy in
the guinea pig.
Apgar, J.; Dulin, A.; Kramer, T.; Smith, J.C.
Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1991 May.
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine v. 197 (1): p.
56-58; 1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vitamin a deficiency; Pregnancy; Survival; Newborn animals; Guinea
pigs; Animal models; Mineral nutrition
Abstract: Neonatal vitamin A stores are limited even in well-nourished full-
term infants and are yet smaller in the premature infant. The object of this
experiment was to determine whether vitamin A deficiency could be induced
inpregnant guinea pigs and, if so, whether it would affect vitamin A status of
the neonate.Adult (600 g) guinea pigs were fed a casein-agar diet that was
vitamin A deficient (AD).Controls (vitamin A adequate) were orally dosed weekly
with 2 mg of retinylpalmitate. Weight gains of dams and birth weights of
neonates did not differ. No externalsigns of deficiency were observed. Six of
eight AD and seven of eight vitamin A-adequatedams carried pregnancy to term
(greater than or equal to Day 64). One AD dam died during delivery. Liver
retinol concentrations were below the detection limit (<3 microgram/g) for all
AD neonatesand dams and in postpartum serum of AD dams. Of neonates born
greater than or equal to Day64, 15 of 18 AD were dead or moribund compared with
4 of 22 vitamin A adequate. The unexpectedly severeeffect on the neonate
indicates that the guinea pig will be a sensitive modelfor investigating the
affect of poor maternal vitamin A status on neonatal vitaminA-dependent
functions. However, a less severe maternal deprivation should be used forsuch
studies.
187 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J824
Reduction of food intake in the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle. Lyons,
P.M.; Truswell, A.S.; Mira, M.; Vizzard, J.; Abraham, S.F. Baltimore, Md. :
American Society for Clinical Nutrition; 1989 Jun. American journal of clinical
nutrition v. 49 (6): p. 1164-1168. charts; 1989 Jun. Includes 20 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Food intake; Menstrual cycle; Ovulation; Caloric intake; Lh; Women
Abstract: Food intake was weighed and recorded daily during one complete
menstrual cycle in 18 healthy normally menstruating women. Urinary luteinizing
hormone indicated the time of ovulation. Mean daily intakes of energy,
macronutrients, and alcohol were calculated for five phases during the
menstrual cycle: menses, postmenses, ovulatory, postovulatory, and premenses.
Weekly variations were also measured. Energy intake was lowest during the
ovulatory phase compared with postovulatory, premenses, and menses phases (p
less than 0.05). The maximum difference, 1.36 MJ (324 kcal)/d, occurred between
ovulatory and postovulatory phases and was twofold higher than the increase of
0.64 MJ (152 kcal)/d observed at weekends. This reduction of food intake at
ovulation has not been previously described in humans. It coincides with the
expected peak in circulating estrogen levels and is consistent with the
hypothesis in animal models that estrogen is an appetite suppressant.
188 NAL Call. No.: 381 B522
Reduction of hyperlipidemia in the LA/N-corpulent rat by dietary fish oil
containing n-3 fatty acids.
Dolphin, P.J.; Amy, R.M.; Koeslag, D.G.; Limoges, B.F.; Russell, J.C. Amsterdam
: Elsevier Science Publishers; 1988 Oct14.
Biochimica et biophysica acta : International journal of biochemistry and
biophysics v. 962 (3): p. 317-329; 1988 Oct14. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Obesity; Diet; Fish oils; Fatty acids; Hypertriglyceridemia
Abstract: The LA/N rat, when homozygous for the corpulent gene (cp/cp), is
obese, hyperphageous, hyperinsulinemic, hypertriglyceridemic and prone to the
development of vascular and myocardial lesions. The hypertriglyceridemia, which
in 3-month-old cp/cp males is 282 +/- 42 mg/dl and in females, 512 +/-83 mg/dl,
results from the presence of a large triacylglycerol-rich VLDL. The moderate
hypercholesterolemia in these animals is largely due to markedly elevated HDL
levels, which reach 172 +/- 21 mg total lipid/dl in males and 154 +/- 22 mg
total lipid/dl in females. The LA/N-cp rat is thus an interesting animal model
of endogenous hypertriglyceridemia in which to examine the
hypolipidemic effects of pharmacological agents and also dietary oil
supplements containing the n-3 fatty acids. In this study, 1-month-old male and
female cp/cp rats were fed a normal low fat laboratory chow supplemented with
either 10% olive oil or 10% redfish (Sebastes marinus) oil ad libitum for a
period of 2 months. The redfish oil contained 4.9 +/- 0.1% of its total fatty
acids as eicosapentaenoic (20:5(n-3)) and 2.3 +/- 0.5% as
docosahexaenoic acid (22:6(n-3)), the predominant fatty acids being gondoic
(20:1(n-3)), 21.9 +/- 0.9% and cetoleic acid (22:1(n-11)), 21.7 +/- 1.7%, which
are of dietary origin. Daily caloric was similar in the oil-fed versus control
rats. However, the oil-fed animals weighed significantly more than the controls
after 2 months of oil supplementation. Redfish oil reduced serum
triacylglycerols by 54% in males and 45% in females after 2 months. VLDL
levels, after the same time period, were reduced by 44% in males and 39% in
females. HDL lipid mass was significantly reduced in both sexes (by 27% in
males and 49% in females). However, the levels remained above those of male
LA/N +/+ rats of the same age and Long-Evens rats. Olive oil feeding
significantly reduced serum cholesterol, triacylglycerols and phospholipids in
male but only cholesterol and phospholipids in female anim
189 NAL Call. No.: Z6658.R47
Research utilization of miniature swine.
Wilmington, Mass.? : Charles River, [between 1988-1990?]; 1988-1990. 83 p. ; 28
cm. Cover title.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diseases; Animal models; Bibliography; Swine as laboratory
animals; Bibliography; Swine; Physiology; Bibliography
190 NAL Call. No.: QR1.I57
Restricted ability of group B streptococcal C5a-ase to inactivate C5a prepared
from different animal species.
Bohnsack, J.F.; Chang, J.K.; Hill, H.R.
Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Apr. Infection and
immunity v. 61 (4): p. 1421-1426; 1993 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Streptococcus; Attractants; Inactivation; Strain differences
Abstract: Most strains of group B streptococci (GBS) elaborate a cell surface-
associated enzyme that rapidly inactivates the human complement-derived
chemoattractants C5a and C5a(desarg) by cleaving the His-Lys bond at positions
67 and 68 in the C5a molecule. We have suggested that rapid inactivation of C5a
and C5a(desarg) by this enzyme, called C5a-ase, can hinder the inflammatory
response at sites of GBS infection. We tested the ability of GBS C5a-ase to
inactivate C5a preparations from various animal species to determine the proper
species for studying the role of GBS C5a-ase in the pathogenesis of GBS
infections. Exposure of C5a preparations from humans, monkeys, and cows to GBS
caused inhibition of C5a functional activity as measured by the ability of C5a
to stimulate human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adherence and human PMN
chemotaxis. Bovine PMN chemotaxis to bovine C5a was also abolished after
exposure of bovine C5a to GBS. In contrast, mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit,
pig, and sheep C5a preparations retained full functional activity after
exposure to GBS as measured by chemotaxis of human PMNs, PMNs from the same
animal species, or both. These data suggest that there are structural
differences between C5a proteins from different species which alter their
susceptibility to GBS C5a-ase and indicate that most commonly used animal
models of human GBS infection are inadequate for detection of a contribution of
GBS C5a-ase to GBS virulence.
191 NAL Call. No.: RC628.N48 1987
Reversible impairment of glucose-induced insulin secretion in SHR/N-cp rats.
Voyles, N.R.; Powell, A.M.; Timmers, K.I.; Wilkins, S.D.; Bhathena, S.J.;
Hansen, C.; Michaelis, O.E. IV; Recant, L.
Bethesda, Md. : National Institutes of Health; 1988.
New models of genetically obese rats for studies in diabetes, heart disease,
and complications of obesity : NIH workshop, June 18-19, 1987, summaries of
workshop papers and current bibliography. p. 33-44; 1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal models; Obesity; Diabetes; Rats
192 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 AM34
Review of clinical studies on cholesterol-lowering response to soy protein.
Carroll, K.K.
Chicago, Ill. : The Association; 1991 Jul.
Journal of the American Dietetic Association v. 91 (7): p. 820-827; 1991 Jul.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soy protein; Hypercholesterolemia; Triacylglycerols; Low density
lipoprotein; Animal experiments; Man; Literature reviews; Cholesterol; Blood
serum; Blood plasma; Dietary protein
Abstract: Experiments on animals have shown that soybean protein has
hypocholesterolemic and antiatherogenic properties. In human beings,
substitution of soy protein for dietary animal protein or addition of soy
protein to the diet lowers total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels
in individuals with hypercholesterolemia. Reductions of 20% or more have been
obtained with diets high in protein (about 20% of total energy) and relatively
low in fat. Triglycerides are also decreased, particularly in subjects with
hypertriglyceridemia, but soy-protein diets appear to have little effect on
high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Responses are similar in men and
women, but may be greater in younger than in older subjects. The
hypocholesterolemic effect is thought to be mainly attributable to the protein
itself rather than to nonprotein components of soy-protein preparations. The
mechanism of action is not known, and it may not be possible to explain the
observed effects in human beings and in experimental animal models by the same
mechanism. Although the hypocholesterolemic response to dietary soy protein has
been observed by a number of European research groups, substitution of soy
protein for animal protein in North American diets has generally had little
effect, for reasons that are still not clear.
193 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
The role of Branhamella catarrhalis in the "bloody-nose syndrome" of cynomolgus
macaques.
VandeWoude, S.J.; Luzarraga, M.B.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct.
Laboratory animal science v. 41 (5): p. 401-406; 1991 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Macaca fascicularis; Branhamella; Respiratory diseases; Nose;
Hemorrhage; Pathogens
Abstract: During a 15-month period, 25 cynomolgus macaques (Macaca
fascicularis) at the Johns Hopkins University were observed to have nasal
discharge. Fifteen (60%) of these animals had positive nasal cultures for
Branhamella catarrhalis. Clinical signs associated with infection by this
bacterium were sneezing, epistaxis, and mucohemorrhagic nasal discharge.
Treatment with antibiotics resulted in prompt resolution of clinical signs.
Post-therapeutic nasal cultures were negative for B. catarrhalis. Two groups of
clinically normal, culture-negative, cynomolgus macaques were inoculated with
natural isolates of B. catarrhalis which had been passaged in culture for
various amounts of time. Five of the eight animals inoculated became culture-
positive and had mild nasal discharge. Presence of blood on nasal swabs was
indicative of infection with B. catarrhalis. Three of the inoculated animals
had post-swabbing epistaxis. This report documents the role of B. catarrhalis
as an upper respiratory pathogen in the cynomolgus monkey which causes mild
self-limiting disease reminiscent of the so-called "Bloody-Nose Syndrome." In
addition to the obvious clinical significance of this finding to primate
clinicians, development of an animal model for human disease caused by this
organism may be possible.
194 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J82
The role of the cytokines, interferon alpha and tumor necrosis factor in the
hypertriglyceridemia and wasting of AIDS.
Grunfeld, C.; Feingold, K.R.
Bethesda, Md. : American Institute of Nutrition; 1992 Mar.
The Journal of nutrition v. 122 (3S): p. 749-753; 1992 Mar. Proceedings of a
symposium on "Nutrition, Immunomodulation and AIDS" held at the American
Institute of Nutrition Annual Meeting, April 21-25, Atlanta, GA. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Hypertriglyceridemia;
Infections; Cachexia; Lipid metabolism; Immunological factors; Blood lipids;
Interferon; Interleukins; Literature reviews
Abstract: The hypertriglyceridemia of infection is mediated by many of the
cytokines that regulate the immune response, including the tumor necrosis
factors, the interleukins and the interferons. In the acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS), hypertriglyceridemia is most likely due to increased
circulating levels of interferon alpha. Both in AIDS and in animal models there
is no direct association between the presence of hypertriglyceridemia and the
syndrome of wasting. Rather, circulating lipoproteins may neutralize infectious
organisms and therefore contribute to host defense.
195 NAL Call. No.: 442.9 SO1
Selenium and sulfur in antioxidant protective systems: relationships with
vitamin E and malaria.
Levander, O.A.
Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1992 Jun.
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine v. 200 (2): p.
255-259; 1992 Jun. Proceedings of a "Conference on Molecular and Comparative
Nutrition," July 22-24, 1991, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,
Maryland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Selenium; Sulfur; Vitamin e; Antioxidants; Glutathione peroxidase;
Hydrolases; Proteins; Fish oils; Qinghaosu; Nutrient deficiencies; Malaria;
Mice; Animal models
Abstract: The metabolic relationships among the antioxidant nutrients
selenium, sulfur, and vitamin E are particularly close. Selenium and vitamin E
have long been known to spare one another in certain nutritional diseases of
animals, and selenium has been considered to have a key antioxidant defense
function as a component of glutathione peroxidase. However, the antioxidant
role of glutathione peroxidase has been questioned and now proteins containing
selenium have been identified: phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione
peroxidase, selenoprotein P, and iodothyronine deiodinase. Glutathione
peroxidase activity independent of selenium resides in the glutathione S-
transferases. Glutathione participates in both enzymatic and nonenzymatic
antioxidant defense systems. Some low-molecular weight selenium compounds
(e.g., ebselen) exhibit glutathione peroxidase-like action. Certain low
molecular weight thiols decompose peroxides nonenzymatically (e.g., the
ovothiols). Murine malaria appears to be a useful experimental model for
investigating interrelationships of selenium and vitamin E. Vitamin E
deficiency protects against the parasite, especially when the mice are
concurrently fed peroxidizable fat such as fish or linseed oils. Selenium
deficiency, on the other hand, has little or no protective effect against the
parasite. Any practical utility of pro-oxidant diets in combating human malaria
remains to be determined.
196 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J82
Serum lipoprotein profiles in mice: effects of early over- and undernutrition.
Aubert, R.; Camus, M.C.; Bourgeois, F.; Herzog, J.; Lemonnier, D. Bethesda, Md.
: American Institute of Nutrition; 1988 Oct.
The Journal of nutrition v. 118 (10): p. 1190-1196; 1988 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Overfeeding; Undernutrition; Litter size; Blood serum;
Lipoproteins; Neonates; Mice
Abstract: Effects of early over- and undernutrition on lipoprotein profiles of
adult Swiss male mice reared in litters of different sizes were investigated.
Lipoproteins were isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation and defined
by chemical composition. Protein moieties were defined by their charges. The
lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in epididymal adipose tissue, heart and
diaphragm was measured. Early feeding patterns induced permanent body weight
differences in adult mice. Serum phospholipid content was significantly higher
in obese than in control mice. Overfeeding led to significantly higher activity
of LPL in adipose tissue; inversely, undernutrition induced a lower LPL
activity. There was a trend toward variations of lipoprotein concentrations in
relation to litter size, with significant differences being observed only
between obese and undernourished mice for LDL-HDL1 (low density lipoprotein-
high density lipoprotein) and HDL1 concentrations. Compared with normally fed
mice the most notable alterations in plasma lipoprotein composition were, in
LDL-HDL2, greater cholesteryl ester in obese and less phospholipid in
undernourished mice. In contrast, tetramethyl-urea-soluble apolipoprotein
distribution was unaffected by litter size. Although moderate differences were
observed in lipoprotein compositions and levels in over- or undernourished
mice, further investigations of lipoprotein metabolism and metabolic
abnormalities in this animal model are required.
197 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43
SHHE/Mcc-cp rat: model of obesity, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, and
congestive heart failure.
McCune, S.A.; Baker, P.B.; Stills, H.F. Jr
Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research
Council; 1990.
I.L.A.R. news v. 32 (3): p. 23-27; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Obesity; Diabetes mellitus; Animal models; Heart diseases;
Complications
198 NAL Call. No.: Z7996.P85J6
Simian & human retroviruses in nonhuman primates infection, disease & animal
model studies : a bibliography, 1988-1989 annual update.. Simian and human
retroviruses in nonhuman primates
Johnson-Delaney, Cathy A.
University of Washington, Primate Information Center
Seattle, Wash. : Primate Information Center, Regional Primate Research Center,
University of Washington,; 1989.
26 p. ; 28 cm. Cover title. September 1989. Supported in part by Grant No.
RR-00166 from the National Institutes of Health. Includes index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Primates; AIDS (Disease)
199 NAL Call. No.: QL698.C7
The Smyth chicken: a model for autoimmune amelanosis.
Smyth, J.R. Jr
Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press; 1989.
Critical reviews in poultry biology v. 2 (1): p. 1-19; 1989. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fowls; Mutations; Polygenic inheritance; Animal models; Melanins;
Autoimmune diseases; Autoantibodies; Literature reviews
200 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Spinal dracunculiasis in an experimentally infected ferret. Broderson, J.R.;
Eberhard, M.L.; Welch, B.G.; Bandt, F.H.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Apr.
Laboratory animal science v. 41 (2): p. 180-182; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ferrets; Dracunculus insignis; Disease models; Animal models;
Morphology; Paralysis; Experimental infections; Spinal cord; Parasite migration
201 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Spontaneous and experimental infections in scid and scid/beige mice. Percy,
D.H.; Barta, J.R.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Apr.
Laboratory animal science v. 43 (2): p. 127-132; 1993 Apr. Paper presented at
a conference entitled "The Scid Mouse in Biomedical and Agricultural Research,"
August 5-7, 1992, Guelph, Canada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Mutants; Infections
Abstract: Severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice are valuable animals to
study a variety of logic and disease processes. Their capacity to support
multiple tissue xenografts permits these mice to be used as intermediate models
for host-specific, fastidious organisms for which a small animal model has not
been available previously. However, because they are unable to mount a normal
immune response, they are very susceptible to a variety of primary and
opportunistic microbial pathogens. Fatal, naturally occurring infections with
bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus viridans, and Escherichia
coli have been observed. In addition, based on observations after experimental
or naturally occurring viral infections, scid and scid/beige mice have been
shown to be very susceptible to infections with viruses such as mouse hepatitis
virus, Sendai virus, and murine respiratory virus, with resulting mortality. Of
the parasitic infections, Pneumocystis carinii is a relatively common
contaminant of the respiratory tracts of scid mice and may complicate research
projects, particularly experimental respiratory tract infections. In view of
the enhanced susceptibility of these mice to infections of this type, it is
essential that they be housed under optimal conditions, which include
implementing stringent management practices and a functional barrier system.
202 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43
The spontaneously hypercholesterolemic pig as an animal model for human
atherosclerosis.
Attie, A.D.; Prescott, M.F.
Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research
Council; 1988.
I.L.A.R. news v. 30 (4): p. 5-12. ill; 1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Disease models; Hypercholesterolemia; Atherosclerosis;
Lipids; Cholesterol; Lipoproteins; Histopathology
203 NAL Call. No.: 389.1 W892
Studies of dietary supplementation with omega 3 fatty acids in patients with
rheumatoid arthritis.
Kremer, J.M.; Robinson, D.R.
Basel : S. Karger; 1991.
World review of nutrition and dietetics v. 66: p. 367-382; 1991. In the series
analytic: Health effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in seafoods /
edited by A. Simopoulos, R. Kifer, R. Martin and S. Barlow. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rheumatoid arthritis; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Docosenoic acids;
Fishoils; Supplements; Immune response; Pain; Assessment; Inflammation;
Leukotrienes; Platelets; Interleukins; Mitogens; Eicosanoids; Literature
reviews
Abstract: The purpose of this review is to summarize briefly the
investigations employing omega-3 supplements in the animal model and then more
thoroughly discuss subsequent clinical investigations in patients with
rheumatoid arthritis. Data on the effects of omega-3 supplements on
inflammatory and immune parameters is also summarized.
204 NAL Call. No.: 448.8 P21
Studies on a murine model of congenital toxoplasmosis: vertical disease
transmission only occurs in BALB/c mice infected for the first time during
pregnancy.
Roberts, C.W.; Alexander, J.
New York, N.Y. : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Feb.
Parasitology v. 104 (pt.1): p. 19-23; 1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Toxoplasma gondii; Toxoplasmosis; Vertical transmission;
Congenitalinfection; Animal models; Mice; Chronic infections; Pregnancy
205 NAL Call. No.: QR360.A1J6
Studies on glycoprotein 13 (gp13) of equid herpesvirus 1 using affinity-
purified gp13, glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies and synthetic
peptides in a hamster model.
Stokes, A.; Corteyn, A.H.; Pullen, L.A.; Doel, T.R.; Meredith, D.M.;
Killington, R.A.; Halliburton, I.W.; Whittaker, G.R.; Wheldon, L.A.; Nicolson,
L.
Reading : Society for General Microbiology; 1991 Apr.
The Journal of general virology v. 72 (pt.4): p. 923-931; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Equine herpesvirus; Glycoproteins; Monoclonal antibodies;
Animal models; Hamsters
Abstract: Hamsters were immunized with either an affinity-purified preparation
of equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) glycoprotein 13 (gp13) or synthetic peptides
representing three sequences within the homologous glycoprotein of EHV-4,
resulting in the production of antipeptide (in the case of peptide-immunized
animals) or antivirus antibodies. The sera from gp13-immunized hamsters
contained antibodies which showed virus-neutralizing activity and complement-
mediated antibody lysis of EHV-1-infected target cells. These hamsters were
protected from EHV-1 challenge. The characteristics of a panel of anti-gp13
monoclonal antibodies (P28, P17, 14H7, 16E4 and 16H9) were assessed both in
vivo and in vitro. 16E4 and P28 showed high levels of complement-mediated
neutralization of virus, complement-mediated lysis of virus-infected target
cells and passive protection of hamsters. Furthermore, epitope mapping studies
demonstrated that this glycoprotein contains a neutralizing epitope recognized
by EHV-1-immune horse serum. The data imply that gp13 has potential as a
candidate antigen for a molecular vaccine.
206 NAL Call. No.: 447.8 AM3
Studies on mechanisms of hepatic insulin resistance in cafeteria-fed rats.
Davidson, M.B.; Garvey, D.
Bethesda, Md. : American Physiological Society; 1993 Jan.
American journal of physiology v. 264 (1,pt.1): p. E18-E23; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Obesity; Diet; Insulin; Resistance; Fatty acids; Oxidation;
Lipolysis; Hyperinsulinemia; Metabolic inhibitors; Liver; Rats
Abstract: Whether hyperinsulinemia causes insulin resistance or vice versa is
controversial. The development of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance was
tracked in the cafeteria-fed rat to determine which occurred first. After 3
days of cafeteria feeding the rats were obese, manifested a small but
significant decrease in fasting glucose levels, and showed no change in fasting
insulin levels, basal hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin binding to
hepatic membranes, and glucose utilization during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic
clamp, but the rats did demonstrate an increased glucose disappearance rate
associated with an enhanced insulin response to intra-arterial glucose and
hepatic insulin resistance during the clamp. After 7 days of cafeteria feeding,
the results were similar except that fasting hyperglycemia and
hyperinsulinemia, an enhanced basal HGP, and decreased insulin binding
developed. After 6 wk of cafeteria feeding, both hepatic and peripheral insulin
resistances were present. After 7 days of cafeteria feeding in rats given
streptozotocin or etomoxir, an inhibitor of free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation,
hepatic insulin resistance persisted despite elimination of hyperinsulinemia
and reduction of FFA oxidation. These data do not support a causal role for
either hyperinsulinemia or enhanced lipolysis of hypertrophied fat stores and
subsequent FFA oxidation in the liver in the development of hepatic insulin
resistance in this animal model of obesity.
207 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Subcutaneous abscess due to Salmonella adelaide in a grey collie with cyclic
hematopoiesis.
Moazed, T.C.; Deeb, B.J.; DiGiacomo, R.F.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Nov.
Laboratory animal science v. 40 (6): p. 639-641; 1990 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Salmonella; Abscesses; Hematopoiesis; Animal models; Case
reports; Salmonellosis; Stress
208 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1N88
Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis after dietary zinc
deprivation in guinea pigs.
Scelsi, R.; Franciotta, D.M.; Camana, C.; Savoldi, F.; Allegrini, M. Elmsford,
N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1989 Dec.
Nutrition research v. 9 (12): p. 1345-1354; 1989 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diet; Mineral deficiencies; Zinc; Immunology; Encephalitis; Guinea
pigs
Abstract: The effects of different levels of zinc (Zn) in the diet were tested
in the animal model of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE),
which is considered a prototype for cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the
central nervous system (CNS). Acute EAE was induced in guinea pigs maintained
with normal, high and low levels of Zn in the diet. The animals fed normal and
Zn-supplemented diets showed the same survival rates; the incidence and
severity of the disease was similar for both groups. Zn-deficient animals
exhibited the expected symptoms of Zn deficiency and after sensitization did
not develop neurological signs of EAE; some of them presented only focal
inflammatory alteration in CNS.
209 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Sympathetic auricular chondritis in rats: a model of auto-immune disease?.
Meingassner, J.G.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1991 Jan.
Laboratory animals v. 25 (1): p. 68-78; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Autoimmune diseases; Markers; Ear diseases; Pathology
Abstract: Following the unilateral implantation of metal ear tags in female
Crl:CD(SD)BR-rats, chronic inflammatory lesions were observed in both auricles
in 70% and 24% of the animals after 30 and 60 weeks, respectively. Involvement
of the collateral auricles was identified only after diffuse inflammation of
the ear tag-marked pinnae had developed. Histological examination revealed a
multifocal granulomatous chondritis, characterized by progressive destruction
of the cartilaginous plate and excessive regeneration of cartilaginous tissue.
IgG and complement deposits were present in the matrix of the marginal area of
regenerating cartilage and at the destruction sites of autochthonous cartilage.
It is likely that the pinally-restricted chondritis was due to an autoimmune
response initiated by a chronic inflammatory process at the insertion site of
the ear tag. Since the respone was not due to immunity to type II collagen,
this pathologic phenomenon in rats may provide a useful animal model to study
autoimmunity involving other cartilaginous matrix molecules.
210 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Systemic and pulmonary reactions in swine with endotoxemia and gram-negative
bacteremia.
Olson, N.C.; Kruse-Elliott, K.T.; Dodam, J.R.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Jun15.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 200 (12): p.
1870-1884; 1992 Jun15. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Circulatory disorders; Endotoxins; Toxemia; Gram negative
bacteria; Bacterial diseases; Literature reviews; Physiopathology; Animal
models
211 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
Systemic histopathology of rats with CCl(4)-induced hepatic cirrhosis. Doi, K.;
Kurabe, S.; Shimazu, N.; Inagaki, M.
London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1991 Jan.
Laboratory animals v. 25 (1): p. 21-25; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Carbon tetrachloride; Histopathology; Animal models; Disease
models; Cirrhosis
Abstract: Systemic histopathological examinations were carried out on rats
with CCl4-induced hepatic cirrhosis. Moderate congestion in the spleen,
prominent oedema and focal acinar cell degeneration in the pancreas, marked
haemorrhage and phagocytosis of haemosiderin by macrophages in the
pancreaticoduodenal lymph node, appearance of monocytes bearing haemosiderin-
like granules in the pulmonary arteries and cardiac right atrium, and focal
segmental glomerulosclerosis were consistently observed in rats with hepatic
cirrhosis. In addition, a marked increase in number of target cells and the
appearance of a small number of monocytes bearing haemosiderin-like granules
were also commonly found in the peripheral blood smears of these animals. These
findings are considered to be important in the use of the CCl4-induced model of
hepatic cirrhosis in the rat.
212 NAL Call. No.: Graphic no.280
Thanks to animal research, they'll be able to protest 20.8 years longer
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, animal research
has helped extend our life expectancy by 20.8 years ; Of course, how you choose
to spend those extra years is up to you.
Foundation for Biomedical Research (Washington, D.C.)
Washington, DC : Foundation for Biomedical Research, [199-?]; 1990-1992. 1
poster : col. ; 45 x 56 cm.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal models in research; Diseases; Animal experimentation
213 NAL Call. No.: QR1.I57
T-lymphocyte response in a guinea pig model of tuberculous pleuritis. Phalen,
S.W.; McMurray, D.N.
Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Jan. Infection and
immunity v. 61 (1): p. 142-145; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Guinea pigs; Animal models; Tuberculosis
Abstract: The ability to induce tuberculous pleuritis in Mycobacterium bovis
BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs was investigated as a model of human disease. A
pleural effusion of 5 to 10 ml was obtained 6 to 7 days after the bilateral
pleural injection of a suspension of heat-killed M. tuberculosis cells.
Histological lesions were indicative of granulomatous pleuritis. Comparative
studies of T lymphocytes obtained from pleural fluid and peripheral blood
revealed increased antigen-driven lymphoproliferation and E rosette formation
in pleural effusion lymphocytes. The CD2+ T-lymphocyte population appeared to
be expanded or concentrated in pleural fluid, suggesting a
compartmentalization of antigen-reactive T lymphocytes. These data demonstrate
that experimental tuberculous pleuritis with effusion, closely resembling the
human disease, can be produced in BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs.
214 NAL Call. No.: 470 SCI2
Transgenic animals.
Jaenisch, R.
Washington, D.C. : American Association for the Advancement of Science; 1988
Jun10.
Science v. 240 (4858): p. 1468-1474; 1988 Jun10. Literature review. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mice; Gene expression; Genetic engineering; Genomes; Disease
models; Neoplasms
Abstract: Astract: The ability to introduce foreign genes into the germ line
and the successful expression of the inserted gene in the organism have allowed
the genetic manipulation of animals on an unprecedented scale. The information
gained from the use of the transgenic technology is relevant to almost any
aspect of modern biology including developmental gene regulation, the action of
oncogenes, the immune system, and mammalian development. Because specific
mutations can be introduced into transgenic mice, it becomes feasible to
generate precise animal models for human genetic diseases and to begin a
systematic genetic dissection of the mammalian genome.
215 NAL Call. No.: 448.3 AC85
Treatment of bovine leukaemia virus-infected sheep with suramin: an animal
model for the development of antiretroviral compounds.
Burkhardt, H.; Rosenthal, S.; Rosenthal, H.A.; Karge, E.; De Clercq, E. Praha :
Academia, Publishing House of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences; 1989 Aug.
Acta virologica v. 33 (4): p. 305-313; 1989 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Bovine oncovirus; Sheep; Drug therapy; Suramin; Models; Enzyme
activity
216 NAL Call. No.: QP901.A33
Trophic stimulation of the ductular-islet cell axis: a new approach to the
treatment of diabetes.
Rosenberg, L.; Vinik, A.I.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1992.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology v. 321: p. 95-109; 1992. In the
series analytic: Pancreatic islet cell regeneration and growth / edited by A.I.
Vinik. Proceedings of the Diabetic Institute Conference on Inslet Cell
Regeneration and Growth, June 22-23, 1991, Norfolk, Virginia. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Diabetes mellitus; Pancreas islets; Cell differentiation; Cell
growth; Regeneration; Animal models; Golden hamsters
217 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J82
Tuberculosis in domesticated deer (Cervus elaphus): a large animal model for
human tuberculosis.
Buchan, G.S.; Griffin, J.F.T.
London : Academic Press; 1990 Jul.
Journal of comparative pathology v. 103 (1): p. 11-22. ill; 1990 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Red deer; Mycobacterium bovis; Histopathology; Immunodiagnosis;
Lymphocyte transformation tests; Elisa; Skin tests; Stress; Immunological
deficiency; Disease models; Animal models
218 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Ultrasound-guided blood sampling of rabbit fetuses.
Moise, K.J. Jr; Hesketh, D.E.; Belfort, M.M.; Saade, G.; Veyver, I.B. van den;
Hudson, K.M.; Rodkey, L.S.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Aug.
Laboratory animal science v. 42 (4): p. 398-401; 1992 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rabbits; Fetus; Blood sampling
Abstract: A rabbit animal model for hemolytic disease of the newborn has been
previously described. However, evaluating the effects of this disease was
limited to histologic and hematologic examinations of liveborn kitlings. To
assess the feasibility of in utero blood sampling, we performed ultrasound-
guided cardiac sampling of 50 fetuses in 16 New Zealand White does on days 26
and 27 of gestation. The overall rate of successful sampling was 80%. The
procedure-related mortality declined to 35% by the third phase of the study.
The mean (+/- SD) hematocrit (%) and reticulocyte values ( 100 RBCs) on day 26
were 26.3 +/- 3.3 and 35.6 +/- 5.1, respectively; values on day 27 were 31.3
+/- 4.9 and 27.5 +/- 7.6. The results of this study suggest that hematologic
data can be obtained from rabbit fetuses in the majority of cases with only
moderate fetal loss.
219 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 P27
Ultraviolet radiation-induced skin tumors in a South American opossum
(Monodelphis domestica).
Kusewitt, D.F.
Lawrence, Kan. : American College of Veterinary Pathologists; 1991 Jan.
Veterinary pathology v. 28 (1): p. 55-65. ill; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Monodelphis domestica; Skin diseases; Neoplasms; Ultraviolet
radiation; Histopathology; Sarcoma; Melanoma; Papillomas; Carcinoma; Animal
models; Disease models
220 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6 v.6
Use of animal models for research in human nutrition.
Beynen, Anton C.,_1953-; West, C. E.
Basel ; New York : Karger,; 1988.
190 p. ; 25 cm. (Comparative animal nutrition ; v. 6). Includes bibliographies
and index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nutritionally induced diseases; Animal models; Animal nutrition
221 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6
Use of animals for the study of relations between nutrition and infectious
diseases.
Beisel, W.R.
Basel : Karger; 1988.
Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 33-55; 1988. In the series analytic: Use
of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and
C.E. West. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal models; Malnutrition; Infectious diseases; Fatal
infections; Mineral deficiencies; Synergism; Antagonism; Species differences;
Pathogens; Strain differences; Vitamin deficiencies; Deficiency diseases;
Immune response; Endotoxins; Literature reviews
222 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6
Use of animals in elucidating the regulation of metabolism of amino acids with
particular reference to branched chain amino acids.
Goodwin, G.W.; Harris, R.A.
Basel : Karger; 1988.
Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 14-30; 1988. In the series analytic: Use
of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and
C.E. West. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rats; Animal models; Amino acid metabolism; Branched chain amino
acids; Catabolism; Oxidoreductases; Enzyme activity; Dietary protein; Liver
cells; Biotechnology; Dna probes
223 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6
The use of animals in studying the effects of diet on gallstone formation.
Liepa, G.U.; Gorman, M.A.; Duffy, A.M.
Basel : Karger; 1988.
Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 149-173; 1988. In the series analytic:
Use of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen
and C.E. West. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal models; Biliary calculi; Bile; Hamsters; Cholesterol
metabolism; Dietary protein; Blood serum; Laboratory animals; Mice; Dietaryfat;
Primates
224 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1B58
The use of gene targeting to develop animal models for human genetic diseases.
Melton, D.W.
Colchester : The Society; 1990 Dec.
Transactions - Biochemical Society v. 18 (6): p. 1035-1039. ill; 1990 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Transgenics; Genetic engineering; Animals; Models; Genetic
disorders; Therapy
225 NAL Call. No.: R853.A53U84 1989
The use of laboratory animals in biomedical research significance for human and
animal health : information package.. Information package; the use of
laboratory animals in biomedical research
National Association for Biomedical Research (U.S.)
Washington : DC? : National Association for Biomedical Research?,; 1989. 174 p.
: ill. ; 28 cm. Cover title. January 1989. Includes bibliographical
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal experimentation; Animal models in research; Medicine;
Diseases; Animal welfare
226 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484
Vitamin E and cancer prevention in an animal model.
Wang, Y.M.; Purewal, M.; Nixon, B.; Li, D.H.; Soltysiak-Pawluczuk, D. New York,
N.Y. : The Academy; 1989.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 570: p. 383-390; 1989. In the
series analytic: Vitamin E--biochemistry and health implications / edited by
A.T. Diplock, L.J. Machlin, L. Packer and W.A. Pryor. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Carcinoma; Diet studies; Disease prevention; Disease surveys;
Vitamin e; Human nutrition research; Rats
227 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484
Vitamins and the immune system.
Beisel, W.R.
New York, N.Y. : The Academy; 1990.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 587: p. 5-8; 1990. In the series
analytic: Micronutrients and immune functions / edited by A. Bendich and Ranjit
K. Chandra. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ascorbic acid; Pyridoxine; Retinol; Vitamin e; Human nutrition
research; Immune response; Immunology; Trace elements; Mice; Animal models
228 NAL Call. No.: 442.9 SO1
Vitamin A status: relationship to immunity and the antibody response. Ross,
A.C.
Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1992 Jul.
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine v. 200 (3): p.
303-320; 1992 Jul. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Retinol; Retinoic acid; Vitamin a deficiency; Cell mediated
immunity; Humoral immunity; Antibody formation; Antigens; Natural killer cells;
Infections; Immunization; Animal models; Literature reviews
229 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Xenogeneic PBL-scid mice: their potential and current limitations. Greenwood,
J.D.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Apr.
Laboratory animal science v. 43 (2): p. 151-155; 1993 Apr. Paper presented at
a conference entitled "The Scid Mouse in Biomedical and Agricultural Research,"
August 5-7, 1992, Guelph, Canada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal models; Mice; Lymphocytes
Abstract: The hu-PBL-scid has been constructed by intraperitoneal inoculation
of lymphocytes from human peripheral blood into immunodeficient scid mice. Such
scid mouse-human chimeras have proven useful as in vivo animal models for
studies on human lymphocyte development and differentiation from pluripotent
stem cells. Further, the hu-PBL-scid mouse provides a readily accessible model
for the examination of immune cell function and involvement in autoimmune and
infectious disease processes. In response to the growing need for model systems
to examine the immune system and disease pathogenesis in agriculturally
important animals, PBL engraftment of scid mice has expanded to include the
bovine and equine species. This review discusses the properties and potential
uses of the xenogeneic PBL-reconstituted scid mouse.
Subject Index
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