ISSN: 1052-5378qb9419
AWIC

Animal Models of Disease

Provided by the Animal Welfare Information Center

United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library

January 1988 - January 1994

United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library
10301 Baltimore Blvd.
Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351

QB 94-19

Quick Bibliography Series Bibliographies in the Quick Bibliography Series of the National Agricultural Library, are intended primarily for current awareness, and as the title of the series implies, are not indepth exhaustive bibliographies on any given subject. However, the citations are a substantial resource for recent investigations on a given topic. They also serve the purpose of bringing the literature of agriculture to the interested user who, in many cases, could not access it by any other means. The bibliographies are derived from computerized on-line searches of the AGRICOLA data base. Timeliness of topic and evidence of extensive interest are the selection criteria.

The author/searcher determines the purpose, length, and search strategy of the Quick Bibliography. Information regarding these is available upon request from the author/searcher.

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Quick Bibliography Series: QB 94-19
Updates QB 93-61

226 citations from AGRICOLA

Cynthia P. Smith and Jean A. Larson
Animal Welfare Information Center

April 1994 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:

Smith, Cynthia Petrie
Animal models of disease.
(Quick bibliography series ; 94-19)
1.Diseases--Animal models--Bibliography. I. Larson, Jean A. II. Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.94-19

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AGRICOLA

Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA database between January 1979 and the present.

SAMPLE CITATIONS
 
 Citations in this bibliography are from the National Agricultural Library's
 AGRICOLA database.  An explanation of sample journal article, book, and
 audiovisual citations appears below.
 
 JOURNAL ARTICLE:
 
   Citation #                                     NAL Call No.
   Article title.
   Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher.  Journal Title.   Date.  Volume
 (Issue).  Pages.  (NAL Call Number).
 
 Example:
   1                             NAL Call No.:  DNAL 389.8.SCH6
   Morrison, S.B.  Denver, Colo.:  American School Food Service   Association. 
 School foodservice journal.  Sept 1987. v. 41   (8). p.48-50. ill.
 
 BOOK:
 
   Citation #                                   NAL Call Number
   Title.
   Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher, date. Information   on pagination,
 indices, or bibliographies.
 
 Example:
   1                        NAL Call No.:  DNAL RM218.K36 1987
   Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
   Kane, June Kozak.  New York:  Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.
   Includes index.  xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm.  Bibliography:   p. 126.
 
 AUDIOVISUAL:
 
   Citation #                                  NAL Call Number
   Title.
   Author.  Place of publication:  Publisher, date.
   Supplemental information such as funding.  Media format
   (i.e., videocassette):  Description (sound, color, size).
 
 Example:
   1                    NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV
   All aboard the nutri-train.
   Mayo, Cynthia.  Richmond, Va.:  Richmond Public Schools,
   1981.  NET funded.  Activity packet prepared by Cynthia
   Mayo.  1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +
   activity packet.                            Animal Models of Disease
                            January 1988 - January 1994
 
 
 
                             SEARCH STRATEGY
 
 Set     Items   Description
 
 1          956  ANIMAL( )MODEL?
 
 2       239418  DISEASE??
 
 3          449  S1 AND S2
 
 4          255  S3 AND PY=1988:1994
 
 
 
 
 
Animal Models of Disease
1 NAL Call. No.: RC628.A1O2 Abnormalities of plasma lipoproteins in a new genetically obese rat with non- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Wistar fatty rat). Jiao, S.; Matsuzawa, Y.; Matsubara, K.; Kubo, M.; Tokunaga, K.; Odaka, H.; Ikeda, H.; Matsuo, T.; Tarui, S. Basingstoke, Hampshire : The Macmillan Press Ltd; 1991 Jul. International journal of obesity v. 15 (7): p. 487-495; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Obesity; Diabetes mellitus; Insulin; Cholesterol acyltransferase; Lipoproteins; Apolipoproteins; Blood plasma; Diet; Intestinal absorption; Rats Abstract: We investigated plasma lipoprotein profiles and the activities of tissue cholesterol regulating enzymes in Wistar fatty rats, an animal model for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Wistar fatty rats were made by transfer of the fa gene to the Wistar Kyoto rats by backcross-breeding. Wistar fatty and control non-diabetic littermates were given a laboratory chow or an atherogenic diet containing 1 percent (weight percent) cholesterol, 0.5 percent cholic acid, and 5 percent lard. Under the chow diet, plasma fasting glucose and immunoreactive insulin concentrations in Wistar fatty rats were 1.5- and 6- fold higher than controls, respectively. Plasma cholesterol was significantly increased in Wistar fatty rats compared with controls. Elevated plasma cholesterol levels in Wistar fatties was accounted for by the increases of cholesterol content in the d < 1.006 g/ml lipoprotein and high-density lipoproteins. Under the atherogenic diet, plasma cholesterol levels in Wistar fatties were further increased by 129 percent compared with controls. The diet- induced increase of cholesterol contents was shown in all lipoprotein classes for Wistar fatty rats. The activities of regulatory enzymes for cholesterol biosynthesis or absorption were measured in Wistar fatty rats. Both hepatic and intestinal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase activities were significantly higher in Wistar fatty rats than those in controls (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). ACAT activities in Wistar fatties were significantly increased in the intestine (P < 0.05) and decreased in the liver in comparison with controls (P < 0.01). Cholesterol loading caused suppression of HMG-CoA reductase activities and enhancement of ACAT activities of both tissues in Wistar fatty rats as much as in controls. These data suggest that hypercholesterolemia in the NIDDM rats might be attributed to the increases in both de novo synthesis and intestinal absorption of cholesterol. Magnified response of 2 NAL Call. No.: RA784.A1I5 Activity-induced anorexia in rats does not affect hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression chronically. Wong, M.L.; Licinio, J.; Gold, P.W.; Glowa, J. New York, N.Y. : John Wiley & Sons; 1993 May. The International journal of eating disorders v. 13 (4): p. 399-405; 1993 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Physical activity; Anorexia; Hypothalamus; Neuropeptides; Gene expression; Rats Abstract: Hypothalamic neuropeptides are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of eating disorders. In an animal model with chronic abnormalities of energy expenditure, appetitive behavior, and body weight, without acute food restriction, we found alterations in peripheral levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone, but no alterations in the expression of neuropeptides genes that are known to regulate ingestive behavior and food intake acutely. Our data suggest that activation of hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal function in activity anorexia may not be due to increased transcription of corticotropin-releasing hormone gene, but might be related to posttranscriptional events or to other neuropeptides, such as arginine vasopressin. Furthermore, we suggest that abnormalities in neuropeptides observed in eating disorders may be caused by acute food restriction, rather than by chronic hyperactivity, anorexia, and low weight. 3 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J824 Acute effects of exercise on food intake in obese and nonobese women. Kissileff, H.R.; Pi-Sunyer, F.X.; Segal, K.; Meltzer, S.; Foelsch, P.A. Baltimore, Md. : American Society for Clinical Nutrition; 1990 Aug. American journal of clinical nutrition v. 52 (2): p. 240-245. charts; 1990 Aug. Includes 29 references. Language: English Descriptors: Appetite; Exercise; Energy expenditure; Food intake; Obesity; Hunger; Satiety; Women Abstract: The animal model of exercise-induced anorexia was employed in humans to develop a laboratory paradigm for studying the acute effect of exercise on food intake. Each of nine obese and nine nonobese women exercised either strenuously (90 W) or moderately (30 W) on a cycle ergometer for 40 min or rested in the laboratory on each of 3 nonconsecutive days. Intake of a liquefied test meal (1.04 kcal/g) eaten 15 min after exercise was significantly less after the strenuous (620 g) than after the moderate (754 g) exercise in the nonobese women but was no different after the two conditions (532 g after strenuous, 581 g after moderate) in the obese women. Heart rate and energy expenditure were increased in proportion to the exercise by the same amount in both groups. The results demonstrate for the first time that food intake is reduced immediately after strenuous exercise in nonobese women, as it is in animals, and validate the feasibility of this laboratory paradigm. 4 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 P27 Age-related changes in the prostate and testes of the beagle dog. Lowseth, L.A.; Gerlach, R.F.; Gillett, N.A.; Muggenburg, B.A. Lawrence, Kan. : American College of Veterinary Pathologists; 1990 Sep. Veterinary pathology v. 27 (5): p. 347-353; 1990 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Prostate; Weight; Testes; Histology; Blood serum; Testosterone; Aging; Age differences; Animal models 5 NAL Call. No.: TX345.B74 Alcoholism and folate homeostasis. Halsted, C.H. San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1989. Bristol-Myers Squibb/Mead Johnson nutrition symposia v. 7: p. 249-266. charts; 1989. In the series analytic: Nutrition and the Origins of Disease / edited by G.H. Halsted and R.B. Rucker. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Folic acid; Alcoholism; Vitamin deficiencies; Nutrition physiology; Liver; Nutrient balance; Literature reviews Abstract: This chapter examines a variety of issues relating to folate deficiency and alcoholism: 1) incidence; 2) clinical significance (anemia, intestinal mucosa, hepatic injury and regeneration); 3) pathogenesis (dietary inadequacy, intestinal malabsorption; hepatobiliary metabolism, urinary excretion); and 4) animal models. 6 NAL Call. No.: SF601.J65 Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in canine lymphoma. Vail, D.M.; Ogilvie, G.K.; Wheeler, S.L.; Fettman, M.J.; Johnston, S.D.; Hegstad, R.L. Hagerstown, Md. : American College of Veterinary Medicine; 1990 Jan. Journal of veterinary internal medicine v. 4 (1): p. 8-11; 1990 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Lymphoma; Carbohydrate metabolism disorders; Blood sugar; Glucose tolerance; Blood serum; Lactic acid; Insulin; Cachexia; Disease models; Animal models 7 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Alternatives to the use of conventional research animals in neoplasia research. Ladiges, W.C. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Mar01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 200 (5): p. 674-676; 1992 Mar01. Paper presented at the symposium "Animal welfare and alternatives to animals--current knowledge and research needs", July 31, 1991, Seattle, Washington. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal testing alternatives; Medical research; Neoplasms; Animal models; Disease models 8 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1J68 Amino acid availability and brain development: effects of nutritional and metabolic inadequacies. Huether, G. Basingstoke : The Macmillan Press Ltd; 1989. European journal of clinical nutrition v. 43 (suppl.1): p. 19-25; 1989. Includes 25 references. Language: English Descriptors: Amino acids; Bioavailability; Brain disorders; Hyperphenylalaninemia; Child development; Protein metabolism; Protein synthesis; Malnutrition; Neurotransmitters; Serotonin; Animal models; Man Abstract: Inadequacies of the brain's amino acid supply are relevant to the processes of protein accretion and transmitter synthesis during brain development. Experimental hyperphenylalaninaemia has demonstrated the consequences of rather severe imbalances of the brain's amino acid supply. An inadequate supply of essential amino acids has been shown to influence a variety of developmental processes. 9 NAL Call. No.: QP501.C6 An animal model of systemic carnitine deficiency produced by haemodialysis of sheep. Snoswell, A.M.; Fishlock, R.C.; Runciman, W.B.; Carapetis, R. Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1989. Comparative biochemistry and physiology : B : Comparative biochemistry v. 93 (4): p. 741-745; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Models; Deficiency diseases; Carnitine; Hemodialysis 10 NAL Call. No.: TD172.J6 An animal model to assess the potential for viral disease transmission from lawns irrigated with wastewater. Deming, E.J.; Mote, C.R.; Von Bernuth, R.D.; Potgieter, L.N.D. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992 Dec. Journal of environmental science and health : Part A : Environmental science and engineering v. 27 (8): p. 2199-2211; 1992 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Irrigation; Waste water; Contamination; Porcine enterovirus; Pigs; Disease transmission; Animal models; Disease models; Human diseases; Infection; Risk 11 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6 Animal models for studies of relationships between diet and diabetes. Herberg, L. Basel : Karger; 1988. Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 111-148; 1988. In the series analytic: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and C.E. West. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diabetes mellitus; Pancreas; Insulin; Pituitary hormones; Rats; Blood sugar; Dietary carbohydrate; Dietary fat; Animal models; Feed intake; Cricetulus barabensis; Hyperinsulinemia; Insulin secretion; Literature reviews 12 NAL Call. No.: QR180.3.D4 Animal models for the evaluation of drugs and vaccines for HIV infection and AIDS: report of a WHO working group. Esparza, J. Basel : S. Karger; 1990. Developments in biological standardization v. 72: p. 367-372; 1990. In the series analytic: Progress in animal retroviruses / edited by D. Gaudry and W. Hennessen. Meeting held on Oct 4-6, 1989, Annecy, France. Language: English Descriptors: Disease models; Human immunodeficiency virus; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome 13 NAL Call. No.: RC607.A26I63 1989 Animal models in AIDS. Schellekens, Huub; Horzinek, Marian C. Nederlandse Centrale Organisatie voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek International TNO Meeting 1989 : Maastricht, Netherlands. Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier ; New York, NY, USA : Sole distributors for the USA and Canada, Elsevier Science Pub. Co.,; 1990. xxii, 380 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. Includes index. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: AIDS (Disease) 14 NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 Animal models in hemostasis and thrombosis. Rowsell, H.C. Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 289-294; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Disease models; Thrombosis; Blood flow; Hemorrhage; Blood coagulation 15 NAL Call. No.: 475 EX7 Animal models in interferon research: some current trends. Schellekens, H. Basel : Birkhauser; 1989 Jun15. Experientia v. 45 (6): p. 558-562; 1989 Jun15. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal experiments; Animal research; Interferon; In vivo; Disease models; Bacterial diseases; Protozoal infections; Parasites 16 NAL Call. No.: QR1.F4 Animal models in the study of pathogenesis. Adlam, C. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1988. FEMS symposium - Federation of European Microbiological Societies v. 40: p. 159-167; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animals; Models; Pathogenesis; Bovine mastitis; Rhinitis; Lymphadenitis; Sheep; Respiratory diseases 17 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1C8 Animal models of appetitive behavior: interaction of nutritional factors and drug seeking behavior. Kanarek, R.B.; Marks-Kaufman, R. New York, N.Y. : Wiley; 1988. Current concepts in nutrition v. 16: p. 1-5; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Feeding behavior; Appetite; Models; Nutrition; Drug effects; Interactions 18 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6 Animal models of diet-induced atherosclerosis. Clarkson, T.B.; Shively, C.A.; Weingand, K.W. Basel : Karger; 1988. Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 56-82; 1988. In the series analytic: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and C.E. West. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Experimental atherosclerosis; Atherogenic diet; Rabbits; Pigeons; Pigs; Primates; Pathogenesis 19 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Animal models of disease 1979-August 1988. Swanson, J.C. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1988 Nov. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculure, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (89-07): 25 p.; 1988 Nov. Bibliography. Language: English Descriptors: Animals; Disease models; Animal welfare; Bibliographies 20 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Animal models of disease, January 1979-August 1989. Swanson, J.; Clingerman, K. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1989 Dec. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculure, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (90-09): 27 p.; 1989 Dec. Updates QB 89-07. Bibliography. Language: English Descriptors: Animals; Laboratory animals; Animal diseases; Disease models; Bibliographies 21 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Animal models of disease--January 1979-December 1990. Smith, C.P. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1991 Feb. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (91-42): 38 p.; 1991 Feb. Updates QB 90-09. Bibliography. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Diseases; Bibliographies 22 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Animal models of disease--January 1981-July 1992. Smith, C.P. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1992 Aug. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (92-61): 59 p.; 1992 Aug. Updates QB 91-42. Language: English Descriptors: Animal diseases; Disease models; Bibliographies 23 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484 Animal models of human eating disorders. Smith, G.P. New York, N.Y. : The Academy; 1989. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 575: p. 63-74; 1989. In the series analytic: The psychology of human eating disorders: preclinical and clinical perspectives / edited by L.H. Schneider, S.J. Cooper, and K.A. Halmi. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nutritional disorders; Human nutrition research; Animal experiments; Anorexia nervosa; Bulimia nervosa; Models 24 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 P27 Animal models of retrovirus-associated malignancies. Cremer, K.J.; Gruber, J. Lawrence, Kan. : American College of Veterinary Pathologists; 1992 Nov. Veterinary pathology v. 29 (6): p. 572-578; 1992 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Retroviridae 25 NAL Call. No.: QH301.N32 Animal studies of iodized oils: iodine disposition and physiological effects. Chambon, C.; Chastin, I. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1993. NATO ASI series : Series A : Life sciences v. 241: p. 159-167; 1993. In the series analytic: Iodine deficiency in Europe: a continuing concern / edited by F. Delange, J.T. Dunn, and D. Glioner. Proceedings of an International Workshop, April 24-28, 1992, Brussels, Belgium. Includes a discussion, p. 166-167. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cooking oils; Deficiency diseases; Goiter; Human diseases; Iodine; Physiopathology; Rats; Animal models; Livestock 26 NAL Call. No.: 389.1 W892 Antiarrhythmic effects of fish oils. Charnock, J.S. Basel : S. Karger; 1991. World review of nutrition and dietetics v. 66: p. 278-291; 1991. In the series analytic: Health effects of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in seafoods / edited by A.P. Simopoulos, R.R. Kifer, Martin, R.E. and S.M. Barlow. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Fish oils; Heart rate; Supplements; Animal models; Polyenoic fatty acids; Dietary fat; Muscle contraction; Animal experiments; Literature reviews 27 NAL Call. No.: SF910.T8A86 Atlas of tumor pathology of the Fischer rat.. Fischer rat Stinson, Sherman F.,_1946-; Schuller, Hildegard M.; Reznik, Gerd Boca Raton, Fla : CRC Press,; 1990. 546 p. : ill. ; 27 cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Language: English Descriptors: Tumors in animals; Atlases; Rats as laboratory animals; Atlases; Rats; Diseases; Atlases; Tumors; Animal models; Atlases 28 NAL Call. No.: HV5285.A43 Behavioral animal models in alcohol abuse research. Grant, K.A. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1990. Alcohol health and research world - National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism v. 14 (3): p. 187-192; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Alcoholism; Drinking behavior; Animal experiments; Laboratory animals; Animal models 29 NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 Blastomere karyotyping: a direct method for producing mouse trisomy 16 less than leads to diploid aggregation chimeras as an animal model of human down's syndrome. Bacchus, C.; Buselmaier, W. Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 405-408. ill; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Blastomere; Karyotypes; Trisomy; Diploidy; Chimeras; Disease models; Down's syndrome 30 NAL Call. No.: QR360.J6 Borna disease virus in mice: host-specific differences in disease expression. Rubin, S.A.; Waltrip, R.W. II; Bautista, J.R.; Carbone, K.M. Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Jan. Journal of virology v. 67 (1): p. 548-552; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Borna disease virus; Animal models; Experimental infections; Immunopathology; Antibody formation; Inflammation; Strain differences; Encephalitis; Abnormal behavior Abstract: We developed a mouse model of Borna disease to facilitate immunopathogenesis research by adaptation of Borna disease virus to mice through serial passage in mouse brain tissue. Borna disease virus replication, antibody production, inflammation, and Borna disease expression in several different strains of mice were examined. 31 NAL Call. No.: QR360.J6 Bovine leukemia virus, an animal model for the study of intrastrain variability. Willems, L.; Thienpont, E.; Kerkhofs, P.; Burny, A.; Mammerickx, M.; Kettmann, R. Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Feb. Journal of virology v. 67 (2): p. 1086-1089; 1993 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Bovine oncovirus; Genetic variation; Structural genes; Viralproteins; Repetitive DNA; Nucleotide sequences; Strain differences; Mutations Abstract: Intradermal injection of a cloned bovine leukemia virus (BLV) provirus (pV344) into sheep allowed direct evaluation of intrastrain variability. A sheep was injected with pV344 DNA mixed with DEAE-dextran and became persistently infected with BLV strain 344. After 18 months, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes from a single 0.5-ml blood sample. The long terminal repeat (LTR) and the env gene were amplified by using the polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced. Nineteen independent LTR clones (0.6-kb inserts) and 16 env clones (1-kb inserts) were analyzed. The in vivo rate of nucleotide change was 0.009%/year (two mutations out of 14,464 bp in 1.5 years), corresponding to only one amino acid change in the env gene. Five point mutations (all transitions), corresponding to a modification rate of 0.034%/year (five mutations out of 9,709 bp in 1.5 years), were identified in the LTR. As a control for Taq DNA polymerase errors, the same procedure using pV344 plasmid DNA was carried out. Out of 9,944 bp sequenced, three point mutations were found (i.e., one misincorporation in 3,315 nucleotides). These data demonstrate the extremely low level (or absence) of intrastrain variability of BLV in vivo. Consequently, BLV persistence in the infected host does not seem to result from an escape mutant strategy, in sharp contrast with the high mutation rates observed in the lentivirus family. The lack of genetic variation supports the possibility of successful vaccine against BLV and probably against the related human T-cell leukemia viruses. 32 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66 Bovine leukemia virus. III. Zoonotic potential, molecular epidemiology, and an animal model. Johnson, R. Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company, Inc; 1991 Oct. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 13 (10): p. 1631-1640; 1991 Oct. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Bovine oncovirus; Zoonoses; Risk; Molecular biology; Epidemiology; Disease models; Animal models; Human diseases; Leukemia; Literature reviews 33 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Canine models of bone marrow transplantation. Ladiges, W.C.; Storb, R.; Thomas, E.D. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Jan. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (1): p. 11-15; 1990 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Bone marrow transplant; Models; Human diseases Abstract: Progress in experimental bone marrow transplantation in dogs has provided for the direct transfer of research data to the clinical setting and the therapeutic application of marrow grafting to a variety of human diseases. Animal models of total body irradiation, engraftment and graft-versus-host disease are still needed to solve the existing clinical problems of marrow transplantation. Therefore, work in various canine model systems continues to be of interest. Pet dogs with spontaneously occurring lymphomas are used to study the clinical parameters necessary for applying the technique of transplanting their own marrow (autologous), in conjunction with high dose radiation and/or chemotherapy, to human patients with cancer. A major consideration in the successful transplantation of donor bone marrow (allogeneic) is overcoming histocompatibility barriers to assure engraftment and the prevention of graft-versus-host disease, a major limiting aspect of clinical marrow transplantation. Chemicals, radiation, radiotherapeutic techniques, antisera and monoclonal antibodies have been and continue to be developed in laboratory bred dogs. These approaches suppress the immune system either nonspecifically by ablation of immune reactive tissue, or specifically by affecting certain types of immune reactive cells. Parameters such as clinical effectiveness (engraftment or prevention of graft-versus-host disease), immune reconstitution and undesirable side affects in long-term survivors are all used to determine whether new technology can be transferred from preclinical canine studies to human bone marrow transplantation protocols. 34 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 L62 Cardiovascular abnormalities associated with human and rodent obesity. Paulson, D.J.; Tahiliani, A.G. Tarrytown, N.Y. : Pergamon Press Inc; 1992. Life sciences v. 51 (20): p. 1557-1569; 1992. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Obesity; Diet; Weight reduction; Cardiovascular diseases; Heart; Animal models; Rats; Man; Literature reviews Abstract: Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, a direct link between these two states is difficult to establish, since obesity frequently occurs with other disease states such as diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Clinical studies have clearly shown that uncorrected obesity is associated with cardiac hypertrophy and compromised ventricular function. A number of rodent models of obesity have been studied in terms of cardiovascular adaptations. Cardiac function of the obese Zucker rat appears to be normal at a younger age. Only after several months is depression in cardiac function discernable. These animals are mildly hypertensive, but do not exhibit the characteristic increase in cardiac output associated with human obesity. A unique characteristic of JCR:LA-cp rat is that they develop atherosclerotic and myocardial lesions. Hearts from these animals will maintain normal function when perfused with physiological levels of calcium. At higher calcium concentrations, however, mechanical function becomes impaired. Dietary-induced obese rats exhibit many of the hemodynamic alterations associated with human obesity, but there is no evidence to-date that these animals will develop severe cardiac depression. Short-term weight reduction apparently has beneficial cardiovascular effects, but weight cycling may be harmful. Given the widespread occurrence of obesity, further studies are warranted to characterize the cardiac manifestations of this condition. 35 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J82 The carnitine-deprived newborn rabbit: a potential model to study carnitine deficiency. Penn, D.; Schmidt-Sommerfeld, E. Bethesda, Md. : American Institute of Nutrition; 1988 Dec. The Journal of nutrition v. 118 (12): p. 1535-1539; 1988 Dec. Includes 34 references. Language: English Descriptors: Nutrient deficiencies; Carnitine; Neonates; Rabbits Abstract: This report describes the novel development of an animal model for neonatal carnitine deficiency using the artificially fed newborn rabbit. Each litter was separated from the mother following the first colostrum feeding and divided into 2 groups, one of which was fed a purified rabbit formula that was essentially free of carnitine; the other received the same formula supplemented with L-carnitine (100 mg/l). At 9-13 d of age, rabbit pups receiving the carnitine-free formula had lower concentrations of total, free and acylcarnitine in plasma and urine, as well as lower total acid soluble carnitine concentrations in liver, muscle, heart and brown adipose tissue than those receiving the same formula supplemented with L-carnitine. Their plasma and tissue levels were also lower, but their urinary carnitine concentrations were higher than those in naturally-raised pups. The findings suggest that the described animal model may prove to be a useful tool for the investigation of certain aspects of neonatal carnitine deficiency. 36 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J82 Carotenoids and cancer in animal models. Krinsky, N.I. Bethesda, Md. : American Institute of Nutrition; 1989 Jan. The Journal of nutrition v. 119 (1): p. 123-126; 1989 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diet; Carotenoids; Carcinoma; Disease prevention Abstract: As evidence accumulated from epidemiological studies that beta- carotene acts as a chemopreventive agent with respect to inhibiting the appearance of certain types of tumors in humans, attention focused on animal models as a means of extending our understanding of carotenoid function. Unfortunately, most animals used in research are "white fat" animals, and require large amounts of carotenoids in their diets to obtain significant blood and tissue levels. Even with these limitations, beta-carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid, as well as canthaxanthin, a nonprovitamin A carotenoid, have been shown to protect animals against UV-induced skin tumors, UV and carcinogen- induced tumors, and carcinogen treatment alone. Similar observations have been made in cell and organ cultures where carotenoids have been shown to prevent malignant transformation and nuclear damage. Although the mechanism of this protection is still unclear, the evidence continues to accumulate that carotenoids may possess intrinsic chemopreventive action with respect to tumor formation. 37 NAL Call. No.: QR188.3.C45 Cellular aspects of autoimmunity. Cruse, Julius M.,_1937-; Lewis, R. E. Basel ; New York : Karger,; 1988. 200 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. (Concepts in immunopathology ; vol. 6). Includes bibliographies and index. Language: English Descriptors: Autoimmunity; Autoimmune diseases; Animal models; Cellular immunity 38 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6 The changing role of animal models in human nutrition research. West, C.E.; Beynen, A.C. Basel : Karger; 1988. Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 1-13; 1988. In the series analytic: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and C.E. West. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal models; Nutrition physiology; Human nutrition research; Vitamins; Nutrient requirements; Species differences; Literature reviews 39 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Characteristics of mutant mice (ICGN) with spontaneous renal lesions: a new model for human nephrotic syndrome. Ogura, A.; Asano, T.; Matsuda, J.; Takano, K; Nakagwa, M.; Fukui, M. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 23 (2): p. 169-174. ill; 1989 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Mutants; Disease models; Nephrotic syndrome; Glomerulonephritis; Histopathology Abstract: Spontaneous nephrotic mice (ICGN mice), a new mutant strain of mouse from outbred ICR, were clinically, macroscopically, histologically and immunohistochemically studies to establish their value as a model for human nephrotic syndrome. Most of the affected mice developed proteinuria, hypoproteinaemia and hypercholesterolaemia, and some of them developed systemic oedema. A high concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and a low haematocrit value were also observed. The kidneys of severe cases showed a decrease in size and had a yellowish granular surface. These findings indicated that the mice were terminally affected by chronic of renal insufficiency. Histopathology demonstrated glomerular lesions consisting of thickened basement membranes of the capillary loops with irregular spike-like protrusions and enlargement of the mesangium unaccompanied by cellular proliferation. The immunofluorescence technique revealed positive granular staining for IgA, IgG and IgM and to a lesser extent for C3 along the capillary loops in affected mice. The similarity between this spontaneous disease and human nephrotic syndrome caused by idiopathic glomerular lesions is discussed. ICGN mice may be a useful animal model for this human disease. 40 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Characterization of acute and latent herpes simplex virus infection of dorsal root ganglia in rats. Blondeau, J.M.; Aoki, F.Y.; Glavin, G.B.; Nagy, J.I. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1991 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 25 (2): p. 97-105; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Herpes simplex virus; Ganglia; Acute infections; Latent infections; Animal models; Experimental infections; Subcutaneous injection; Feet Abstract: The characteristics of HSV type-1 infection following subcutaneous inoculation in the dorsum of one hind paw of Sprague-Dawley rats were studied to determine whether infection in rats might more closely parallel the infection in man than is seen in other animals. The serologic and virologic characteristics of acute and latent ganglion infection conformed to those of human infection. Immunohistochemical studies suggested that sensory ganglion infection arose via centripetal axonal migration of virus as is hypothesized in man. In rat, small type B neuronal cell bodies appeared central to the maintenance of latent infection and reactivation observed during cocultivation of lumbar ganglia. Acute and latent lumbar sensory ganglion infection in rats after subcutaneous hind paw injection of HSV-1 appears to be another suitable model of this infection in man. 41 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Chest roentgenographic techniques for demonstrating human lung tumour xenografts in nude rats. Zeligman, B.E.; Howard, R.B.; Marcell, T.; Chu, H.; Rossi, R.P.; Mulvin, D.; Johnston, M.R. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 26 (2): p. 100-106; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Animal models; Disease models; Neoplasms; Lungs; Radiography; Monitoring Abstract: Roentgenographic techniques were investigated for imaging orthotopic tung tumours in anaesthetized nude rats endobronchially implanted with human lung cancer cells. A conventional radiographic unit with a dual-screen, double- emulsion film mammographic receptor produced images preferable to those from a mammographic unit because of superior resolution. Typical exposure factors were 300 mA, 29 kVp, and 17 ms at a focus-film distance of 76 cm with a 2.11 by 2.41 mm effective focal spot and inherent filtration of 1.2 mm aluminium. Sensitivity for tumour detection was 0.93 for 59 animals with pathologically proved tumours and 0.96 for 54 animals with tumours larger than 4 mm or 50 mg. For 24 pathologically tumour-free animals, specificity was 1-00. For 55 animals radiographically judged to have tumours, positive predictive value was 1.00. For all 83 animals, accuracy was 0.95. This technique effectively demonstrates orthotopic human lung tumours in nude rats and should be useful for noninvasive monitoring of tumour presence, location, size, and changes in size. 42 NAL Call. No.: 47.8 B77 Chicken neoplasia--a model for cancer research. Calnek, B.W. Oxfordshire : Carfax Publishing Company; 1992 Mar. British poultry science v. 33 (1): p. 3-16; 1992 Mar. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Fowls; Neoplasms; Animal models 43 NAL Call. No.: RA1190.A7 Chlorpyrifos-induced delayed polyneuropathy. Capodicasa, E.; Scapellato, M.L.; Moretto, A.; Caroldi, S.; Lotti, M. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer; 1991. Archives of toxicology v. 65 (2): p. 150-155; 1991. Paper presented at the International Symposium on "Biochemical and Cellular Indices of Toxicity in Occupational and Environmental Medicine," June 1986, Milan, Italy, at a meeting held March 1986, New Orleans, LA, and at a meeting held Aug/Sept 1989, Praglia, Italy. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Chlorpyrifos; Nervous system diseases; Neurotoxins; Acetylcholinesterase; Esterases; Pharmacokinetics; Brain; Man; Fowls; Hens Abstract: Chlorpyrifos [0,0-diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-pyridyl) phosphorothioate] caused delayed polyneuropathy in man. Contrary to previous studies, we report here that it also causes delayed polyneuropathy in the hen, the animal model for this toxicity. The minimal neuropathic dose was 60-90 mg/kg p.o., corresponding to 4-6 times the estimated LD50. Consequently, pralidoxime (2-PAM) in conjunction with atropine was necessary to reverse acetylcholinesterase AChE) inhibition and cholinergic toxicity in hens given high enough doses of chlorpyrifos to cause neuropathy. Chlorpyrifos was slowly absorbed after single oral doses and the threshold of inhibition (>70%) of neuropathy target esterase (NTE), the putative target for delayed neuropathy, was reached within 5-6 days. High AChE inhibition (>90%), however, was measured within hours after dosing because of the higher potency of chlorpyrifos to inhibit this enzyme. In vitro studies showed that chlorpyrifos-oxon, the active metabolite of chlorpyrifos, was 10-20 times more active against AChE than against NTE, confirming the clinical observation. No differences were seen between human and hen enzymes in this respect. Hen and human brain homogenates contain A-esterases which hydrolysed chlorpyrifos to about the same extent in both species. In conclusion, chlorpyrifos causes delayed polyneuropathy in the hen, as was reported in man. The reasons for previous negative data in the hen are probably due to the relatively lower doses which were used. Judging from in vitro studies with hen and human enzymes, there are no differences in the two species as far as their relative sensitivity to delayed polyneuropathy. It is likely that delayed polyneuropathy would develop in both species only after severe cholinergic toxicity requiring aggressive antidotal treatment. 44 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 B773 The cholesterol-raising effect of coffee in the Syrian hamster. Sanders, T.A.B.; Sandaradura, S. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Sep. The British journal of nutrition v. 68 (2): p. 431-434; 1992 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diet; Coffee; Blood plasma; Cholesterol; Hamsters Abstract: Adult male Syrian hamsters were fed on a high-fat diet with or without access to boiled coffee. Plasma total, low-density-lipoprotein- and high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were increased by the coffee and very-low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations were lowered. It is concluded that the Syrian hamster is a suitable animal model in which to study the hypercholesterolaemic effect of coffee. 45 NAL Call. No.: QH301.N32 Chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, and folate deficiency. Halsted, C.H. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991. NATO ASI series : Series A : Life sciences v. 206: p. 237-251; 1991. In the series analytic: Alcoholism a molecular perspective / edited by T.N. Palmer. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Alcoholism; Chronic course; Deficiency diseases; Folic acid; Malabsorption; Malnutrition; Metabolism; Physiopathology; Veterans; Animalmodels; Literature reviews 46 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A5 Clinical evaluation of cyclosporine in animal models with cutaneous immune- mediated disease and epitheliotropic lymphoma. Rosenkrantz, W.S.; Griffin, C.E.; Barr, R.J. Golden, Colo. : The Association; 1989 Jul. The Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association v. 25 (4): p. 377-384. ill; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Epithelium; Lymphoma; Treatment; Immunological diseases; Drug therapy; Immunosuppressive agents 47 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1A63 Cobalamin deficiency and the pathogenesis of nervous system disease. Metz, J. Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc; 1992. Annual review of nutrition v. 12: p. 59-79. ill; 1992. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Vitamin b12; Vitamin deficiencies; Demyelination; Animal models; Nitrous oxide; Biochemistry; Methylation; Toxicity; Literature reviews 48 NAL Call. No.: QR180.C62 Comparative features of retroviral infections of livestock. Evermann, J.F. Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1990. Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases v. 13 (3): p. 127-136; 1990. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Man; Lentivirinae; Oncovirinae; Disease transmission; Spread; Pathogenesis; Host specificity; Viral diseases; Disease models; Literature reviews; Animal models Abstract: Retrovial infections of livestock have become of increasing importance due to their usefulness as comparative models for human retroviral infections and their effects upon animal health and marketability of animals and animal products nationally and internationally. This paper presents a perspective on the retroviruses of economic concern in veterinary medicine with emphasis on the importance of understanding the modes of virus transmission and the species specificity of the viruses. The retroviruses reviewed include the oncovirus, bovine leukosis virus, and the lentiviruses, equine infectious anemia virus; maedi/visna virus, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus and bovine visna-like virus. The comparative features amongst these animal retroviruses and those of humans must be recognized by the veterinary and medical professions since the similarities in virus replication and spread by blood transfer can provide important clues in controlling and perhaps preventing human retroviruses infections, such as the human immunodeficiency virus. 49 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Comparative virulence of Haemophilus parasuis serovars 1 to 7 in guinea pigs. Rapp-Gabrielson, V.J.; Gabrielson, D.A.; Schamber, G.J. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Jun. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (6): p. 987-994; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Haemophilus; Virulence; Serotypes; Strain differences; Guinea pigs; Intraperitoneal injection; Application methods; Morbidity; Mortality; Disease models Abstract: Reference strains for Haemophilus parasuis serovars 1 to 7 were examined for virulence by inoculation of guinea pigs. Guinea pig response to intraperitoneal inoculation was similar for the 7 reference strains. However, apparent differences in virulence were detected after intratracheal inoculation. Cells of the reference strains for serovars 1 and 5 were most invasive, causing moribundity or death at higher doses and a persistent septicemia at lower doses. Haemophilus parasuis could be isolated from respiratory and systemic sites; purulent bronchopneumonia, pericarditis, and pleuritis were apparent in infected guinea pigs. Inoculation of cells of the reference strains for serovars 2 and 6 also resulted in bronchopneumonia and moribundity or death in some guinea pigs; however, reisolation of H parasuis and microscopic lesions at necropsy were less pronounced than those observed with serovars 1 and 5. Inoculation of cells of serovars 3, 4, and 7 induced only transient clinical signs and minimal evidence of H parasuis infection at necropsy. The data from intratracheal inoculation of guinea pigs are similar to data from other investigations in swine, indicating differences in the pathogenic potential of H parasuis strains. Thus, guinea pigs may be useful as a laboratory animal model for examining cellular factors associated with virulence and immunogenicity of H parasuis. 50 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Comparison of hematologic parameters in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Alder, V.A.; Yu, D.Y.; Su, E.N.; Cringle, S.J. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (2): p. 170-173; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Diabetes; Animal models; Hematology; Normal values; Blood sugar; Hemoglobin; Glycerate 2,3-bis(phosphate) Abstract: Hematologic values are compared for normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after 6 weeks of induced diabetes. Most hematologic parameters were the same in the two groups except for blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate, all of which were elevated in the streptozotocin group. However the P50 (the P02 at which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is 50% of maximal) remained normal. We hypothesize that a left shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve caused by the glycation of a small percentage of the hemoglobin is compensated by elevation in the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate which returns the P50 to normal values. This compensatory mechanism also occurs in some stages of human diabetes. 51 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43 The contribution of nonhuman primates to understanding coronary artery atherosclerosis in humans. Clarkson, R.B.; Klumpp, S.A. Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council; 1990. I.L.A.R. news v. 32 (2): p. 4-8; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Monkeys; Animal models; Disease models; Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; Blood plasma; Tobacco smoking; Stress; Sex differences; Oral contraceptives 52 NAL Call. No.: RC620.A1N47 Control of hypoallergenicity by animal models. Pahud, J.J.; Schwarz, K.; Granato, D. New York, N.Y. : Raven Press; 1988. Nestle nutrition workshop series v. 17: p. 199-207; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Food allergies; Immune response; Allergens; Hypersensitivity; Models; Breast feeding 53 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Convulsions in senescence-accelerated mice (SAM-R/1/Eis). Yamazaki, K.; Kumazawa, A.; Ito, K.; Kurihara, K.; Nakayama, M.; Wakabayashi, T. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (4): p. 378-381; 1992 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Animal models; Convulsions; Aging Abstract: Senescence-accelerated mice (SAM) are one of the animal models used for studying senescence, which consist of several substrains such as SAM-R/1, R/2, P/1, P/2. SAM-R/1/Eis maintained in Eisai Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Ibaraki, Japan, was originally introduced as a substrain of a normal control SAM-R/1 from Kyoto University, Japan. We have noted signs of convulsions in SAM-R/1/Eis mice during routine animal care, particularly while changing cages. We identified the clinical signs and determined the concentrations of glucose and immunoreactive insulin in plasma of SAM-R/1/Eis mice. There were no differences in the male:female ratios of mice showing prodrome only, grand mal, or no-signs. The ages at which prodrome and grand mal were first noted peaked between 20 and 25 weeks. Concentrations of glucose and immunoreactive insulin in plasma did not indicate the mice were in insulin hypoglycemia, which is one cause of convulsions. AKR strain mice, some of which originated with the SAM strain are known to become convulsive by repeated "throwing" stimulations. Conversely, in SAM-R/1/Eis, throwing stimuli are not needed to cause convulsive signs. Thus it is likely that in SAM-R/1/Eis mice the signs are triggered by repeating mild environmental changes, such as changing cages. The results of this study show that SAM-R/1/Eis is neither a normal control strain, nor an original SAM-R/1 strain. But it is possible that SAM-R/1/Eis is another useful animal model for studying spontaneous convulsion. 54 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J824 Cow milk and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: is there a relationship?. Scott, F.W. Baltimore, Md. : American Society for Clinical Nutrition; 1990 Mar. American journal of clinical nutrition v. 51 (3): p. 489-491; 1990 Mar. Includes 20 references. Language: English Descriptors: Milk; Diabetes; Breast feeding; Immunology; Animal experiments; Human experimentation Abstract: Various cow-milk preparations have, with some variation, been reported to be diabetogenic in two animal models of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), the BioBreeding (BB) rat and the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. However, the suggestion of an inverse relationship between breast- feeding and IDDM based on epidemiological studies, remains controversial. There is a significant positive correlation between consumption of unfermented milk protein and incidence of IDDM in data from various countries. Conversely, a possible negative relationship is observed between breastfeeding at age 3 mo and IDDM risk. Diet may be an important permissive factor in the development of IDDM. 55 NAL Call. No.: RC927.C73 CRC handbook of animal models for the rheumatic diseases.. Handbook of animal models for the rheumatic diseases Greenwald, Robert A.,_1943-; Diamond, Herbert S., Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press,; 1988. 2 v. : ill. ; 26 cm. Includes bibliographies and index. Language: English Descriptors: Rheumatism; Animal models; Handbooks, manuals, etc; Arthritis; Animal models; Handbooks, manuals, etc; Animal welfare 56 NAL Call. No.: RC756.H28 CRC handbook of animal models of pulmonary disease.. Handbook of animal models of pulmonary disease Cantor, Jerome O. Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press,; 1989. 2 v. : ill. ; 26 cm. Includes bibliographies and indexes. Language: English Descriptors: Lungs 57 NAL Call. No.: RC628.O22 Development of insulin resistance during the course of obesity: lessons from animal models. Penicaud, L.; Ferre, P. New York, N.Y. : Human Sciences Press; 1988. Journal of obesity and weight regulation v. 7 (2): p. 91-109; 1988. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diabetes; Obesity; Insulin; Adipose tissue; Glucose tolerance; Animal models; Genetic markers; Experimental diets; Hypothalamic lesions; Metabolism; Lipids; Literature reviews; Rats 58 NAL Call. No.: RC628.N48 1987 The development of the SHR/N- and LA/N-cp (Corpulent) congenic rat strains. Hansen, C.T. Bethesda, Md. : National Institutes of Health; 1988. New models of genetically obese rats for studies in diabetes, heart disease, and complications of obesity : NIH workshop, June 18-19, 1987, summaries of workshop papers and current bibliography. p. 7-11; 1988. Language: English Descriptors: Obesity; Animal breeding; Animal models; Rats 59 NAL Call. No.: QP501.E8 Developmental changes of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase subunit levels in erythrocytes from normal dogs and dogs affected by glycogen storage disease type VII. Mhaskar, Y.; Harvey, J.W.; Dunaway, G.A. New York, NY : Springer-Verlag New York Inc; 1992 Mar. European journal of biochemistry v. 101 (3): p. 303-307; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Glycogenosis; Phosphofructokinase; Isoenzymes; Enzyme activity; Erythrocytes; Age differences; Animal models Abstract: 1. The subunit proportions (L:M:C) of the PFK isozymes from normal adult erythrocytes were 2:86:12. Affected adult erythrocyte 6-phosphofructo-1- kinase (PFK) isozymes contained normal L-type (31%) and C-type (61%) subunits as well as a small amount (8%) of truncated M-type subunit. 2. When measured within 24 hr of birth, both normal and affected dog erythrocytes contained high PFK activities due to elevated levels of the L-type subunit. As the dogs matured, PFK activity decreased due to a greater than 99% loss of the L-type subunit. 3. By 2 weeks of age, the M-type and C-type subunits in normal dog PFK isozymes increased severalfold and attained near adult levels. 4. During post- natal development, the L-type subunit from affected dog erythrocytes decreased more rapidly than from normal dog erythrocytes; but it was maintained at a higher level in the affected adult erythrocytes. Also, in the affected dog erythrocytes, truncated M-type subunits were detected; and the initially high levels of the C-type subunit decreased approximately 50% after 4 weeks. 60 NAL Call. No.: QP801.H7H65 Diabetic embryopathy and fuel-mediated organ teratogenesis: lessons from animal models. Freinkel, N. Stuttgart, W. Ger. : Georg Thieme; 1988 Aug. Hormone and metabolic research; Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung; Hormones et metabolisme v. 20 (8): p. 463-475. ill; 1988 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diabetes; Pregnancy; Maternal effects; Models; Abnormalities 61 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6 Dietary effects in experimental carcinogenesis: animal models. Kritchevsky, D. Basel : Karger; 1988. Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 174-185; 1988. In the series analytic: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and C.E. West. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Carcinogenesis; Dietary fat; Dietary protein; Carbohydrates; Restricted feeding; Trace elements; Vitamins; Literature reviews 62 NAL Call. No.: QP751.L5 Dietary fat and colon cancer: animal model studies. Reddy, B.S. Champaign, Ill. : American Oil Chemists' Society; 1992 Oct. Lipids v. 27 (10): p. 807-813; 1992 Oct. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Lipids in Cancer" held at the AOCS Annual Meeting, April 1990, Baltimore, Maryland. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dietary fat; Fish oils; Fatty acids; Colon; Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis; Animal models; Reviews 63 NAL Call. No.: RA784.N8 Dietary fat and natural killer cell function. Byham, L.D. Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1991 Jan. Nutrition today v. 26 (1): p. 31-36. charts; 1991 Jan. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Natural killer cells; Dietary fat; Immunity; Neoplasms; Eicosanoids; Lymphocytes; Cell membranes; Lipoxygenase; Animal models; Clinicaltrials; Literature reviews Abstract: This article looks at the role of dietary fat in influencing the ability of natural killer cells to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. It includes: 1) an overview of the immune system; 2) a discussion of the lymphocytic membrane and; 3) a review of cyclo-oxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibition, and animal models and clinical trials on the role of eicosanoids in natural killer cell function. 64 NAL Call. No.: QP751.L5 Dietary fat and the development of pancreatic cancer. Roebuck, B.D. Champaign, Ill. : American Oil Chemists' Society; 1992 Oct. Lipids v. 27 (10): p. 804-806; 1992 Oct. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Lipids in Cancer" held at the AOCS Annual Meeting, April 1990, Baltimore, Maryland. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dietary fat; Fatty acids; Fish oils; Calories; Exercise; Pancreas; Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis; Animal models; Rats; Reviews 65 NAL Call. No.: QP751.L5 Dietary fat, fatty acids and prostate cancer. Rose, D.P.; Connolly, J.M. Champaign, Ill. : American Oil Chemists' Society; 1992 Oct. Lipids v. 27 (10): p. 798-803; 1992 Oct. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Lipids in Cancer" held at the AOCS Annual Meeting, April 1990, Baltimore, Maryland. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dietary fat; Fatty acids; Prostate; Neoplasms; Obesity; Hormones; Growth factors; Risk; Animal models; Reviews 66 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1N83 Dietary fibre in the prevention of colorectal cancer: lessons from studies in animal models. Young, G.P. South Perth, WA: The Society; 1990. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia v. 15: p. 112-119; 1990. Meeting held November 26-28, 1990, Adelaide, South Australia. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Fiber; Neoplasms; Colon 67 NAL Call. No.: 447.8 AM3 Dietary obesity and weight cycling in rats: a model of stress-induced hypertension?. Contreras, R.J.; King, S.; Rives, L.; Williams, A.; Wattleton, T. Bethesda, Md. : American Physiological Society; 1991 Oct. American journal of physiology v. 261 (4,pt.2): p. R848-R857; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Obesity; Hypertension; Blood pressure; Heart rate; Stress; Diet; Body weight; Cycling; Angiotensin; Animal models; Rats Abstract: The present study was designed to reproduce the mild hypertension seen in dietary obese weight-cycled rats [P. Ernsberger and D. 0. Nelson. Am. J. Physiol. 254 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol 23): R47-R55, 1988] and determine whether this mild hypertension was associated with changes in sodium excretion and pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II (ANG II). Male Sprague- Dawley rats were fed pelleted chow (Pellet group) or chow plus sweetened condensed milk (Milk group) or were exposed to four cycles of a 4-day fast alternated with 2 wk of refeeding of pelleted chow and sweetened condensed milk (Cycled group). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured by tail cuff at the onset and last day of each fast and after 3 days of refeeding. During fasting, urine sodium excretion was measured. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate responses to intravenous administration of ANG II (40, 80, and 120 ng/kg), metoprolol (1 mg/kg), and methyl scopolamine (2 mg/kg) were obtained from the femoral artery in awake unrestrained rats. Weight cycling did not lead to mild hypertension or increased bradycardic response to sympathetic blockade with metoprolol. ANG II-elicited pressor responses were similar for Pellet, Milk, and Cycled groups. Sodium excretion did not change with fasting. Mild hypertension developed when obese weight-cycled rats were housed together in groups and not when housed individually. Our preliminary data are consistent with the notion that stress associated with group housing may be a factor in the mild hypertension of obese weight-cycled rats. 68 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6 Dietary-induced obesity in experimental animals. Kanarek, R.B.; Orthen-Gambill, N. Basel : Karger; 1988. Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 83-110; 1988. In the series analytic: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and C.E. West. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Rats; Obesity; Dietary fat; Dietary carbohydrate; Feed conversion efficiency; Feed intake; Adipose tissue; Fat metabolism; Nutritive ratio; Exercise; Carbohydrate metabolism disorders; Specific dynamic action; Literature reviews 69 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1N88 Dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis in ethanol-fed rats. Rogers, A.E.; Conner, B.H. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1990 Aug. Nutrition research v. 10 (8): p. 915-928; 1990 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ethanol; Mammary gland neoplasms; Carcinogens; Rats Abstract: Epidemiological evidence indicates that ingestion of alcoholic beverages is a risk factor or is associated with a risk factor for breast cancer. A small increase in relative risk (1.1-1.2) compared to non-drinkers, has been reported for drinkers of small amounts of alcohol, approximately 3-4 drinks per week; a larger increase in relative risk (1.4-1.7) with a significant dose relationship occurs at intakes of 2-3 drinks per day. Two drinks per day would supply approximately 7-10% of a woman's caloric intake. This evidence, coupled with the general association of breast cancer risk with higher economic, nutritional and education status, supports the view that relevant animal models for study of the relationship between alcohol and breast cancer should employ moderate alcohol and good nutrient intake. Two carcinogenesis experiments were performed in ethanol-fed, female, Sprague- Dawley rats. In the first, groups of 50 rats were fed control diet ad libitum (CON) or were fed the diet with 20% of calories supplied as ethanol (ETOH) or were pair-fed control diet in amounts determined by the intake of ETOH rats (PF). They were given 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), 20 mg/kg, by gavage at 55 days of age and monitored for tumor development. There was no detectable effect of ethanol on mammary tumor latency, incidence, number, weight or histology. In the second experiment, rats divided into the same groups were given 25% of calories as ethanol, with occasional increases to 35%, and the dose of DMBA was increased to 30 mg/kg. Again, there was no detectable effect of ethanol on mammary tumorigenesis. Thus, no effect of ethanol on mammary gland tumorigenesis by DMBA was observed in rats treated by 2 different protocols. 70 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatotoxicosis in dogs as a model of progressive canine hepatic disease. Boothe, D.M.; Jenkins, W.L.; Green, R.A.; Corrier, D.E.; Cullen, J.M.; Boothe, H.W.; Weise, D. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Mar. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (3): p. 411-420; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Hepatitis; Disease models; Animal models; N- nitrosodimethylamine Abstract: A model of toxin-induced progressive hepatitis is described in Beagles. The toxin, dimethylnitrosamine, was administered orally to 18 Beagles; 6 dogs comprised a control group. Clinical signs and laboratory test results were monitored as disease progressed and were used to determine the end point of disease. Following euthanasia, histologic lesions were scored and used to derive a total severity score for each dog. Severity scores were then used to allot the 18 dogs to 3 groups of hepatic disease, defined as mild, moderate, or severe. Changes in clinical laboratory test results, including tests of hepatic function, and clinical signs indicative of liver disease were described chronologically for all dogs. Group means of clinical laboratory test results and quantifiable clinical signs (eg, weight loss and ascitic fluid accumulation) were compared. This model offers several advantages, compared with other experimental models of canine hepatic disease. These include hepatospecificity, similarity to natural disease (eg, the development of multiple extrahepatic portosystemic shunts), and the ability to titrate the disease to a desired end point. The major disadvantages of this model were the toxic nature of the drug to human beings and the variation in individual animal response to the toxin, which precludes preassignment of animals into groups. 71 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Divergent selection for immune responsiveness in chickens: estimation of realized heritability with an animal model. Pinard, M.H.; Arendonk, J.A.M. van; Nieuwland, M.G.B.; Zijpp, A.J. van der Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Oct. Journal of animal science v. 70 (10): p. 2986-2993; 1992 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Fowls; Line differences; Antibody formation; Animal models; Heritability; Selection responses; Genetic trend; Selection differential; Breeding value; Phenotypes Abstract: With the aim of improving general disease resistance, chickens were divergently selected for their antibody titers 5 d after immunization with sheep red blood cells for nine generations. Selected and control lines differed significantly for primary and secondary responses after three generations. Heritability of the antibody titer was estimated by REML fitting an animal model using a derivative-free algorithm. The heritability estimate using data on all lines simultaneously was .31. Realized heritability of the antibody titer in the selected lines was estimated by using either the phenotypic cumulative response as the deviation from the control line or the mean breeding values obtained with an animal model. Values from the two methods were consistent, giving a realized heritability of .21 and .25 in the high and low lines, respectively. The genetic trend was not linear and the response to selection tended to accelerate over generations. 72 NAL Call. No.: QP501.C6 Effect of adenine metabolites on survival of Drosophila melanogaster of low xanthine dehydrogenase activity. Ho, Y.K.; Guthrie, M.J.; Clifford, A.J.; Ho, C.C. Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1992 Oct. Comparative biochemistry and physiology : B : Comparative biochemistry v. 103 (2): p. 413-417; 1992 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Drosophila melanogaster; Adenine; Metabolism; Metabolites; Toxicity; Survival; Xanthine dehydrogenase; Enzyme activity; Metabolic disorders; Animal models Abstract: Low xanthine dehydrogenase (LXD) mutant Drosophila melanogaster were fed 0.2% adenine for 7 generations, no adenine for the next 2 generations (relaxed) and 0.2% adenine again for the next 3 generations (rechallenged) to obtain adenine-resistant lines of Drosophila (LXD-adenine). Flies grown without adenine served as LXD-controls. Purines ranked as follows; adenine > adenosine > AMP > inosine > IMP in decreasing order of toxicity to LXD-adenine flies. Addition of ribose to 9N position, or phosphate or carboxy to 6C position of the purine ring alleviated the toxicity. More LXD-adenine offspring survived than did LXD-control offspring rechallenged with adenine. 73 NAL Call. No.: 381 J8282 Effect of dietary oils on lipid peroxidation and on antioxidant parameters of rat plasma and lipoprotein fractions. Scaccini, C.; Nardini, M.; D'Aquino, M.; Gentili, V.; Di Felice, M.; Tomassi, G. Bethesda, Md. : Lipid Research, Inc; 1992 May. Journal of lipid research v. 33 (5): p. 627-633; 1992 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dietary fat; Soybean oil; Olive oil; Triolein; Unsaturated fatty acids; Antioxidants; Lipid peroxidation; Low density lipoprotein; Verylow density lipoprotein; Blood lipids; Blood plasma; Rats Abstract: In order to investigate the influence of fatty acid pattern and antioxidants other than vitamin E on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels of plasma very low density and low density lipoproteins (VLDL + LDL), the effects of three diets (equalized for vitamin E) containing soybean oil, olive oil, or an oleate-rich mixture of triglycerides (triolein) were studied in rats. A significantly lower concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS) in plasma and lipoproteins was found after the olive oil diet (soybean oil, 3.7 +/- 0.4 nmol/ml; triolein, 2.1 +/- 0.5 nmol/ml; olive oil, 1.5 +/- 0.3 nmol/ml, in plasma) (soybean oil, 0.99 +/- 0.16 nmol/ml; triolein, 0.96 +/- 0.13 nmol/ml; olive oil, 0.38 +/- 0.12 nmol/ml, in the VLDL + LDL fraction). Furthermore, the results from in vitro copper-induced lipid peroxidation, expressed in terms of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, and TBA-RS content, showed that VLDL + LDL particles from olive oil-fed rats were remarkably resistant to oxidative modification. The results suggest that the fatty acid unsaturation of dietary oils is not the only determining factor of the antioxidant capacity of lipoproteins in this animal model. The maximal protection observed after the olive oil diet may be explained by the presence of other unidentified antioxidants in addition to vitamin E, derived from oil intake. Therefore, the optimal balance between the content of unsaturated fatty acids and natural antioxidants in dietary oils appears to be of major importance. 74 NAL Call. No.: RC628.N48 1987 The effect of different dietary carbohydrates on insulin and glucagon receptors in two models of genetic obesity: LA/N-corpulent rat and SHR/N-corpulent rat. Bhathena, S.J.; Kennedy, B.W.; Michaelis, O.E. IV; Jones, J.; Carswell, N.; Marsh, P.A.; Hansen, C.T.; Voyles, N.R.; Recant, L. Bethesda, Md. : National Institutes of Health; 1988. New models of genetically obese rats for studies in diabetes, heart disease, and complications of obesity : NIH workshop, June 18-19, 1987, summaries of workshop papers and current bibliography. p. 25-30; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Obesity; Dietary carbohydrate; Glucagon; Insulin; Rats 75 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1N88 The effect of ovarian status, form of vitamin D3 steroid and calcium supplementation on bone metabolism in the rat and the quail. Osborne, M.T.; Soares, J.H. Jr Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1990 Aug. Nutrition research v. 10 (8): p. 887-901; 1990 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cholecalciferol; Vitamin d; Metabolites; Osteoporosis; Bone density; Calcium; Mineral supplements; Ovariectomy; Rats; Quails Abstract: Degenerative bone conditions such as osteoporosis affect the elderly population by causing skeletal fractures. The incidence of osteoporosis is far greater in postmenopausal women and therefore, loss of ovarian function, leading to estrogen deficiency, plays an important role in the development of this disease. Abnormal vitamin D metabolism and insufficient dietary calcium may also contribute to the development of osteoporosis. Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of estrogen supplementation and dietary vitamin D3 steroids or calcium supplementation on skeletal metabolism. Eight week old ovariectomized (Ovx) or sham operated Sprague-Dawley rats or aged anovulatory Coturnix quail hens were used as animal models. Feeding a diet containing 1,25(OH)2D3 (5 microgram/kg) with 0.2% calcium was as effective in maintaining bone mineral concentrations as 20 microgram/kg vitamin D3 and 1.0% calcium. However, both bone calcium and zinc concentrations were decreased in Ovx rats and anovulatory quail fed 1,25(OH)2D3 and low calcium. Estrogen supplementation to Ovx rats and anovulatory quail fed 1,25(OH)2D3 and 0.2% Ca increased mineral concentrations, thus suggesting enhanced skeletal integrity. Therefore, these studies suggest improved skeletal calcification in control and estrogen supplemented female rats and quail fed 1,25(OH)2D3 and 0.2% calcium versus vitamin D3 with 1.0% calcium. 76 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J824 Effect of phytate removal on zinc absorption from soy formula. Lonnerdal, B.; Bell, J.G.; Hendrickx, A.G.; Burns, R.A.; Keen, C.L. Baltimore, Md. : American Society for Clinical Nutrition; 1988 Nov. American journal of clinical nutrition v. 48 (5): p. 1301-1306. charts; 1988 Nov. Includes 28 references. Language: English Descriptors: Zinc; Infant formulas; Soy milk; Phytate; Intestinal absorption; Neonates; Rhesus monkeys; Rats Abstract: Low zinc bioavailability from soy formula may be the result of the formula's phytate content. We assessed the effect of phytate removal from soy formula on Zn absorption using infant rhesus monkeys and suckling rat pups as animal models. Zn absorption in monkeys, as determined by whole-body counting, was 65% from human milk, 54% from monkey milk, 60% from whey-predominant formula, 46% from casein-predominant formula, and only 27% from conventional soy formula (0.621 mmol phytate/L). In contrast, Zn absorption from dephytinized soy formula (0.067 mmol phytate/L) was 45%. In suckling rats, Zn absorption from conventional soy formula was only 16% vs 47% from dephytinized soy formula. Phytate concentration in a variety of experimental soy formulas was inversely correlated to Zn absorption. These results suggest that the low bioavailability of Zn from soy formula is a function of its phytate concentration and can be overcome by the removal of phytate. 77 NAL Call. No.: 381 B522 The effect of pravastatin on serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic diabetic rabbits. Arbeeny, C.M.; Bergquist, K.E. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1991 Apr03. Biochimica et biophysica acta : International journal of biochemistry and biophysics v. 1096 (3): p. 238-244; 1991 Apr03. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diabetes mellitus; Hypercholesterolemia; Drug therapy; Blood serum; Cholesterol; Rabbits Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is associated with hyperlipidemia and increased risk of atherosclerosis. A diabetic animal model has been developed to study the effect of treatment with pravastatin, a potent HMG CoA reductase inhibitor, on plasma lipoprotein levels. Hypercholesterolemia was induced in alloxan diabetic and control rabbits by feeding a diet containing 25% casein and 10% hydrogenated coconut oil for 8 weeks. Feeding the casein-coconut oil diet to the diabetic group resulted in a 5-fold increase in serum cholesterol levels, which was not statistically different from the nondiabetic group fed this diet. However, in the diabetic group, there was more cholesterol in the VLDL fraction and less in LDL as compared to the nondiabetic group. Serum triacylglycerol levels in the diabetic rabbits were variable and ranged from 58-943 mg/dl. The diabetic and nondiabetic animals were then treated with pravastatin at a dose of 10 mg/kg per day for 21 days. In the nondiabetic group, pravastatin treatment significantly lowered serum and LDL cholesterol concentrations by 28.5% (52.3 mg/dl, P < 0.05) and 36.2% (40.7 mg/dl, P < 0.05) respectively, relative to the placebo group. Serum and VLDL triacylglycerol levels in the nondiabetic group were also significantly decreased following pravastatin treatment. In the diabetic group, serum and LDL cholesterol levels were decreased by 37.0% (69.1 mg/dl, P < 0.05) and 52.7% (32.1 mg/dl, P < 0.01), respectively, relative to the diabetics given the placebo. Pravastatin treatment did not adversely affect serum glucose levels. Thus, pravastatin treatment was effective in controlling the hypercholesterolemia present in these diabetic animals. 78 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J82 The effect of recent vaccination on the dose-response to experimental Dermatophilus congolensis infection in rabbits. How, S.J.; Lloyd, D.H. London : Academic Press; 1990 Feb. Journal of comparative pathology v. 102 (2): p. 157-163; 1990 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rabbits; Dermatophilus congolensis; Vaccination; Live vaccines; Dosage effects; Elisa; Cross immunity; Cross immunization; Animal models 79 NAL Call. No.: RC262.C5N8 Effect of the amount of dietary fat on the development of mammary tumors in BALB/c-MTV mice. Zevenbergen, J.L.; Verschuren, P.M.; Zaalberg, J.; Stratum, P. van; Vles, R.O. Hillsdale, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc; 1992. Nutrition and cancer v. 17 (1): p. 9-18; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dietary fat; Mammary gland neoplasms; Incidence; Mice Abstract: The relationship between dietary fat consumption and the incidence of breast cancer, if any, needs to be quantified so that dietary guidelines can be issued for the prevention of breast cancer. Frequently, only two widely different dietary fat levels, often differing in essential fatty acid content, have been compared in animal models. Moreover, the latent period in common animal models for breast cancer is very short and does not reflect the relatively long latent periods in human breast cancer. We describe a study with BALB/c-MTV mice, a strain with a high average tumor incidence and a latent period of over 60 weeks on average. The mice were fed diets with fat levels ranging from 10% to 40% of energy, in which fat was isocalorically substituted for carbohydrates. The level of linoleic acid in these diets was kept constant al 6.5% of energy. Both the mean tumor incidence and latent periods of the groups fed diets with 10-16% of energy as fat were not significantly different from each other. There were also no differences between these parameters in the groups fed 22-40% of energy as fat. However, the mean incidence and latent period of the groups fed 22% or more of energy as fat was significantly higher than that of the groups fed less fat. We conclude that above about 22 % of energy, fat does not influence the incidence and latent period of mammary tumors in BALB/c-MTV mice. 80 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Effectiveness of arprinocid in the reduction of cryptosporidial activity in immunosuppressed rats. Rehg, J.E.; Hancock, M.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Oct. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (10): p. 1668-1670; 1990 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cryptosporidium; Rats; Immunosuppression; Arprinocid; Drug effects; Disease prevention Abstract: Immunosuppressed rats inoculated with Cryptosporidium oocysts isolated from calves' feces were treated with arprinocid, 50 mg/kg of body weight/d. As determined from differences in the mean number of cryptosporidial developmental stages per villus in treated vs control rats, arprinocid had a substantial effect on cryptosporidial activity, which was parasitistatic instead of parasiticidal. Drug-ranging experiments indicated that arprinocid was effective at 50 and 25 mg/kg/d, but not at 12.5 mg/kg/d. These results suggest that further testing of arprinocid in different animal models, or in phase-I clinical trials, is warranted. 81 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Effects of dieatary vitamin E on clinical course and plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase activities in hereditary hepatitis of LEC rats. Yamazaki, K.; Ohyama, H.; Kurata, K.; Wakabayashi, T. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (1): p. 61-67; 1993 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Hepatitis; Vitamin e; Animal models Abstract: Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats are autosomal recessive mutants that develop hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because copper accumulates in the livers of these rats, and some of their clinical and pathological features are similar to those of patients with Wilson's disease, LEC rats are proposed as an animal model of Wilson's disease. It has been thought that unbound copper generates free radicals, which act as hemolytic and hepatocytotoxic agents. To examine the effects of vitamin E as an antioxidant on hereditary hepatitis in LEC rats, we fed 3-week-old rats for 25 weeks either vitamin E-deficient, control, or vitamin E-supplemented diets which contained < 0.1 mg of total tocopherols, 2 mg of d,l-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (2 I.U.), and 58.5 mg of d,l- alpha-tocopheryl nicotinate (50 I.U.), respectively, per 100 mg of feed. In males, body weight loss was first observed in the vitamin E-deficient group, and mean ages at which jaundice occurred were in the order: deficient younger than control younger than supplemented groups. The ages when plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase activities began to increase sharply and peaked followed the same order. Thus, it is likely that free radicals are involved in jaundice and hepatitis in LEC male rats, and they are a model for studying the relationship of copper, free radicals, and hepatitis. Conversely, in females, no apparent differences in clinical and biochemical changes were observed among the three groups. Causes for the discrepancy between the sexes remain to be clarified. 82 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1N88 Effects of dietary fish oil on survival and renal fatty acid composition in murine polycystic kidney disease. Aukema, H.M.; Yamaguchi, T.; Takahashi, H.; Philbrick, D.J.; Holub, B.J. Tarrytown, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1992 Nov. Nutrition research v. 12 (11): p. 1383-1392; 1992 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diet; Fish oils; Kidney diseases; Kidneys; Fatty acids; Composition; Mice Abstract: It has been demonstrated that replacing dietary n-6 with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is beneficial in some animal models of renal disease, but not in others. We fed semi-purified diets containing either sunflowerseed oil (containing linoleic acid, 18:2n-6) or fish oil (containing eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3, plus docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3) to a mouse model of polycystic kidney disease (DBA/2FG-pcy). Renal phospholipid and triglyceride fatty acid compositions were markedly altered by dietary treatment: 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 levels were elevated in the kidneys from mice fed fish oil at the expense of 18:2n-6 and arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6. Despite these lipid alterations, however, survival and proteinuria were not improved by long term fish oil consumption in mice with polycystic kidney disease. 83 NAL Call. No.: 448.8 M56 Effects of high fat-feeding to rats on the interrelationship of body weight, plasma insulin, and fatty acyl-coenzyme A esters in liver and skeletal muscle. Chen, M.T.; Kaufman, L.N.; Spennetta, T.; Shrago, E. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Co; 1992 May. Metabolism: clinical and experimental v. 41 (5): p. 564-569; 1992 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dietary fat; Saturated fats; Dietary carbohydrate; Body weight; Blood plasma; Insulin; Glucose; Energy intake; Acetyl coenzyme a; Liver; Skeletal muscle; Hyperinsulinemia; Correlation; Lipid metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism; Animal models; Rats 84 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484 Effects of marine fish oil on blood pressure and vascular reactivity in the hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rat. Edelsteinova, S.; Kyselovic, J.; Klimes, I.; Sebokova, E.; Kovacsova, B.; Kristek, F.; Mitkova, A.; Vrana, A.; Svec, P. New York : New York Academy of Sciences, 1877-; 1993. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 683: p. 353-356; 1993. In the series analytic: Dietary lipids and insulin action / edited by I. Klimes, B.V. Howard, L.H. Storlien, and E. Sebokova. Proceeding of the Second International Smolenice Insulin Symposium, September 12-16, 1992, Smolenice Castle, Slovak Republic. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Blood pressure; Fish oils; Food supplements; Human nutrition research; Hereditary diseases; Hypertriglyceridemia; Rats 85 NAL Call. No.: RC628.A1O2 Effects of maternal obesity on fasting metabolism in newborn rats. Heng, J.; Kliegman, R.M. Basingstoke, Hampshire : The Macmillan Press Ltd; 1990 Jun. International journal of obesity v. 14 (6): p. 505-513; 1990 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Obesity; Maternal nutrition; Fasting; Metabolism; Hypoglycemia; Weight gain; Pregnancy; Eating patterns; Neonates; Rats Abstract: Maternal obesity is a risk factor for subsequent fasting hypoglycemia in human infants after birth. To investigate further this problem, we employed an animal model of obesity to study neonatal extrauterine metabolic adaptations in pups of obese and lean rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 'cafeteria diet' to induce obesity prior to and during pregnancy. Prior to mating, the cafeteria fed rats were significantly heavier (449 v. 345 g, P < 0.001) than the controls. Furthermore, weight gain during pregnancy and weight at term were also significantly greater in the obese rats even though they consumed less food during pregnancy. Pup weights and the number of pups per litter were similar between the two groups. Pups born to obese mothers demonstrated hypoglycemia after being fasted for 150 and 180 min when compared with control pups. Hepatic glycogen stores were increased in the fetus of pups born to obese mothers. Glycogen content in pups born to obese mothers declined minimally after birth and remained greater than hepatic glycogen values in control pups throughout the study. In addition to increased fetal storage of glycogen, fetal hepatic triglyceride content was augmented in pups of obese rats. These triglyceride stores declined and were mobilized during fasting after birth. In contrast, hepatic triglyceride content increased after birth among control rats. These results suggest that maternal obesity results in augmented fetal hepatic tissue stores of both glycogen and triglycerides. Hypoglycemia among pups of excessively obese mothers may be due to attenuated mobilization of hepatic glycogen. Alternate fuel utilization as evident by the mobilization (rather than storage) of hepatic triglycerides may contribute to energy metabolism during periods of hypoglycemia. 86 NAL Call. No.: RC620.A1N8 The effects of replacing coconut oil with corn oil on human serum lipid profiles and platelet derived factors active in atherogenesis. Mendis, S.; Wissler, R.W.; Bridenstine, R.T.; Podbielski, F.J. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth; 1989 Oct. Nutrition reports international v. 40 (4): p. 773-782. charts; 1989 Oct. Includes 33 references. Language: English Descriptors: Sri lanka; Maize oil; Coconut oil; Diet; Blood lipids; Cholesterol; Triglycerides; High density lipoprotein; Low density lipoprotein; Young adults; Men Abstract: Young, healthy individuals living in Sri Lanka often consume a diet containing coconut oil as their main source of fat. Blood lipid values and selected platelet related factors have been measured in a group of 16 free living young adults, ages 16 to 21, before and 8 weeks after they had been shifted from their usual diet to a similar one in which the coconut oil was replaced by whole milk powder and corn oil. The results indicate that their blood cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, and several other related circulating blood lipid values, as well as the platelet factor 4 values, were elevated prior to the diet change. Many of these factors, associated as risk factors for atherogenesis, were substantially reduced at the end of the diet change. The only plasma components which were altered substantially were the triglycerides and the HDL cholesterol. These results suggest that the special atherogenic effects of coconut oil that have been demonstrated in so many animal models may be similarly active in humans. 87 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Effects of sex hormones on fulminant hepatitis in LEC rats: a model of Wilson's disease. Kasai, N.; Miyoshi, I.; Osanai, T.; Yamashita, T.; Kamimura, E.; Yoshida, M.C. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (4): p. 363-368; 1992 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Disease models; Sex hormones; Hepatitis Abstract: LEC rats, which have hereditary hepatitis and have recently been proposed as an animal model for Wilson's disease, were examined to determine the effects of sex hormones on fulminant hepatitis. After the rats had undergone ovariectomies or orchidectomies (castration) and were compared with intact rats, the age at the onset of fulminant hepatitis was not substantially altered but the survival rates decreased from 50% to 12.5% for females and 75% to 14.3% for males, indicating that sex hormones did not influence the occurrence of fulminant hepatitis but influenced mortality due to fulminant hepatitis. When testosterone was administered to the ovariectomized or orchidectomized rats, the survival rate increased to over 90% in both sexes. In contrast, estradiol did not affect the survival rate of either sex but affected the onset of fulminant hepatitis. That is, with the administration of estradiol, the age at which serum GPT activity reached its maximum was delayed 4 weeks in ovariectomized rats and 6 weeks in orchidectomized rats as compared with intact rats. A similar but somewhat weaker tendency appeared in rats given progesterone. The results of our study indicate that sex hormones have no effect on the rate of occurrence of hepatitis but affect the progression of hepatitis. In particular, testosterone increased the survival rate of rats with fulminant hepatitis, and exogenous estradiol delayed the onset of hepatitis for several weeks. 88 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Electrocadiographic and echocardiographic features of trypanosomiasis in dogs inoculated with North American Trypanosoma cruzi isolates. Barr, S.C.; Holmes, R.A.; Klei, T.R. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Apr. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (4): p. 521-527; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Louisiana; Dogs; Trypanosoma cruzi; Trypanosomiasis; Cardiomyopathy; Disease models; Electrocardiograms; Recordings; Disease course; Animal models Abstract: Purebred Beagles were inoculated with Trypanosoma cruzi isolates from a North American opossum or armadillo (Tc-W), and dog (Tc-D). Although Tc- D established infection in dogs, the dogs did not develop cardiac abnormalities. Dogs inoculated with Tc-W developed acute myocarditis associated with increases in P-R interval, atrioventricular block, depression of R wave amplitude and shifts in mean electrical axis. Echocardiograms were normal during this stage. Three Tc-W-inoculated dogs died during the acute stage. Following the acute stage, 5 of 8 Tc-W-inoculated dogs entered an indeterminate stage in which ECG changes were minor and echocardiograms were normal. Progression to the chronic stage in 5 of the 8 Tc-W-inoculated dogs was indicated by development of ventricular-based arrhythmias, mainly ventricular premature contractions, between postinoculation days 60 and 170. In some dogs, ventricular premature contractions were multifocal. Electrocardiographic abnormalities progressively degenerated to various forms of ventricular tachycardia. Worsening ECG coincided with loss of left ventricular function as measured by echocardiography. Mean percent ejection fraction and percentage of fractional shortening decreased to 63% and 52% of control values, respectively. The left ventricular free wall (LVFW) thickness decreased and % septal: % LVFW thickening ratio increased, indicating a relative preservation of septal wall motion and LVFW hypokinesis. 89 NAL Call. No.: 41.2 H198 1988 [no.108] Entwicklung eines Modelles zur Untersuchung psychosozialer und genetischer Einflusse auf den Verlauf einer chronisch respiratorischen Erkrankung (Murine Respiratorische Mykoplasmose) bei der Ratte [Development of an animal model to estimate social and genetic influences on the course of chronic respiratory disease (Murine Respiratory Mycoplasmosis)]. Iglauer, Franz Hannover : [s.n.],; 1988. 116 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. (Inaugural-Dissertation / Tierarztliche Hochschule Hannover ; 1988, [no. 108]). English summary. Includes bibliographical references. Language: German 90 NAL Call. No.: QR360.J6 Equine H7N7 influenza A viruses are highly pathogenic in mice without adaptation: potential use as an animal model. Kawaoka, Y. Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1991 Jul. Journal of virology v. 65 (7): p. 3891-3894; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Equine influenza virus; Pathogenicity; Virulence; Fatal infections; Experimental infections; Nervous system diseases; Mice; Animal models Abstract: Equine H7N7 influenza A viruses, representing a broad range of isolates, were lethal in mice without adaptation. After repeated passages, A/Equine/London/1416/73 acquired neurotropism upon intranasal infection. Thus, mice infected with equine influenza A viruses provide a model system for the study of highly virulent mammalian influenza viruses. 91 NAL Call. No.: SF951.J65 Equine infectious anemia as an AIDS animal model. Tashijan, R.J.; Crusberg, T.C. Lake Elsinore, Calif. : William E. Jones, DVM; 1989 Mar. Journal of equine veterinary science v. 9 (2): p. 105-110; 1989 Mar. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Horses; Equine infectious anemia; Equine infectious anemia virus; Disease models 92 NAL Call. No.: 389.1 W892 Essentiality of omega 3 fatty acids: evidence from the primate model and implications for human nutrition. Connor, W.E.; Neuringer, M.; Reisbick, S. Basel : S. Karger; 1991. World review of nutrition and dietetics v. 66: p. 118-132; 1991. In the series analytic: Health effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in seafoods / edited by A. Simopoulos, R. Kifer, R. Martin and S. Barlow. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Docosenoic acids; Fish oils; Essential fatty acids; Animal models; Macaca mulatta; Fat deficiencies; Experimental diets; Safflower oil; Blood plasma; Tissues; Fatty acids; Phospholipids; Vision disorders; Polydipsia Abstract: This study shows that dietary omega-3 fatty acid deficiency leads to severe and progressive depletion of omega-3 fatty acids from the plasma and from all tissues analyzed including red blood cells, liver, skin, fat, cerebral cortex and retina in primates. It supports the conclusion that there should be adequate amounts of both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the diet throughout life and that their ratio is of great importance. 93 NAL Call. No.: RS160.J6 Ethnopharmacology and the development of natural PAF antagonists as therapeutic agents. Braquet, P.; Hosford, D. Limerick : Elsevier Scientific Publishers; 1991 Apr. Journal of ethno-pharmacology v. 32 (1/3): p. 135-139; 1991 Apr. Paper presented at the First International Conference on Ethnopharmacology, June 5-9, 1990, Strasbourg, France. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ginkgo biloba; Leaves; Plant extracts; Antagonists; Medicinal properties; Pharmacology; Chemistry Abstract: Ginkgolides are unique twenty-carbon terpenes, occurring naturally only in the roots and leaves of Ginkgo biloba. The molecules incorporate a tert-butyl group and six 5-membered rings, and are specific and potent antagonists of platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory autacoid. Studies in animal models with the most potent ginkgolide, BN 52021, and other specific PAF antagonists have demonstrated that PAF plays an important role in pathologies such as asthma, shock, ischemia, anaphylaxis, graft rejection, renal disease, CNS disorders and numerous inflammatory conditions. Ginkgolides are now being developed as therapeutic agents and very promising results have been obtained in clinical trials on shock, organ preservation and thermal injury. In addition to ginkgolides, several other types of natural PAF antagonists have been identified from various medicinal plants. These compounds have not only helped to explain the pharmacological basis of several traditional medicines. but have also provided man with a valuable new class of therapeutic agents. 94 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Evaluation of a nude mouse tumor model using beta-galactosidase-expressing melanoma cells. Dooley, T.P.; Stamp-Cole, M.; Ouding, R.J. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (1): p. 48-57; 1993 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Animal models; Melanoma Abstract: We developed and evaluated an in vivo athymic nude mouse model for tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and antineoplastic drug development. Melanoma cell lines expressing beta-galactosidase encoded by the Escherichia coli lac Z gene have been created by infecting an immortal murine melanocyte cell line with a recombinant retrovirus expressing the v-Ha-ras oncogene and lac Z to generate the MRB (melanoma, ras, beta-galactosidase) cell lines. The amelanotic, phorbol ester-independent, transformed melanoma cell lines developed tumors rapidly when injected subcutaneously into nude mice, as well as experimental lung metastases when injected i.v. into the tail vein. beta- galactosidase-expressing subcutaneous tumors and lung metastases stained blue with X-gal. The melanomas produced in nude mice have been characterized by using various histochemical and immunohistochemical staining methods to detect melanoma- and endothelial-cell-specific markers to determine the extent of neovascularization in MRB nude mouse tumors. Optimal staining of endothelial cells involved in tumor angiogenesis was observed by using ADPase activity and antiangiotensin-converting enzyme antibody staining. Attempts at indirect quantification of metastatic tumor cell number within the lung by either beta- galactosidase enzymatic activity or ELISA immunoreactivity were unsuccessful. However, the MRB cell lines should be useful in screening for and studying the mechanisms of action of antineoplastic, antimetastatic, and angiostatic drugs in vivo in athymic nude mice. 95 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Evaluation of inbred germ-free Fischer 344 albino rats as an experimental model for oral candidiasis. Van Wyk, C.W.; Basson, N.J.; Gibson, B.M. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 23 (3): p. 248-255. ill; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Candidosis; Candida albicans; Tongue lesions; Tongue; Opportunistic infections; Germfree state; Inbred strains; Induced resistance; Animal models; Disease models Abstract: Inbred germ-free Fischer 344 albino rats were evaluated as models for experimental candidiasis in order to investigate bacterial interaction with Candida albicans. Female rats were exposed to C. albicans in their drinking water and killed at intervals from 2 to 22 days after initial contact with the contaminant. C. albicans was cultured from their mouths from day 2 but from day 12 the number of colonies decreased. From day 2 to 9 all rats showed oral histological signs of candidal infestation, but after 9 days the number declined to 3 out of 9 at 22 days. The dorsal surface of the tongue was the best histological indicator of candidal infestation. All the rats had tongue lesions from day 4 to 9, and from day 6 there was also a concomitant localized loss of filiform papillae. The number of rats with all forms of tongue involvement also decreased after 9 days with only 3 out of 9 affected at 22 days. It is concluded that Fischer 344 inbred germ-free rats can be used on a limited scale as a model for candidiasis and bacterial interaction with C. albicans, the dorsal surface of the tongue would be the best site for studying candidal experimental lesions and it is probable that better results can be achieved with complete standardization of contamination and preparation procedures. 96 NAL Call. No.: TD172.A7 Evaluation of the polychlorobiphenyl Aroclor 1254 in an animal model of atherosclerosis. Carter, J.W.; Koo, S.I. New York, N.Y. : Springer-Verlag; 1988 May. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology v. 17 (3): p. 307-312; 1988 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Experimental atherosclerosis; Animal experiments; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Arochlor; Diets; Cholesterol; Pigeons 97 NAL Call. No.: RB127.P34 Experimental approach to reflex sympathetic dystrophy and related syndromes. Janig, W. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1991 Sep. Pain : the journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain v. 46 (3): p. 241-245; 1991 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Animal models; Disease models; Nervous system diseases 98 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312 Experimental infectaion of the mouse mammary gland with Campylobacter coli. Diker, K.S.; Haziroglu, R.; Diker, F.S. London : British Veterinary Association; 1992 Jan. Research in veterinary science v. 52 (1): p. 123-125; 1992 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Campylobacter; Bovine mastitis; Disease models; Animal models; Mice; Mammary glands; Experimental infection; Strain differences Abstract: Campylobacter cob strains of bovine and avian origin were inoculated into the mammary gland of mice. A bovine strain isolated from a case of mastitis produced gross and histological changes in most of the glands; one bovine and one avian faecal isolate did not. Histologically, lesions were characterised by neutrophil infiltration in the alveolar spaces and necrosis and oedema in the interalveolar tissue. On bacteriological examination, the bovine mastitis strain could be isolated from most of the glands, but neither of the faecal strains. The mouse, therefore, appears to provide a convenient model for studying campylobacter mastitis. 99 NAL Call. No.: QR1.I57 Experimental infection of severe combined immunodeficient beige mice with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis of bovine origin. Mutwiri, G.K.; Butler, D.G.; Rosendal, S.; Yager, J. Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1992 Oct. Infection and immunity v. 60 (10): p. 4074-4079; 1992 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Mice; Disease models; Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; Enteritis; Experimental infection; Cachexia; Pathogenesis; Immunological deficiency; Histology Abstract: Severe combined immunodeficient beige mice were inoculated orally and intraperitoneally with a bovine strain of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis to explore their potential as laboratory animal models in the study of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease). Control animals were similarly inoculated with heat-killed M. paratuberculosis. In the mice inoculated intraperitoneally, focal lesions and acid-fast bacilli were first detected in the livers (4 weeks postinfection) and later in the spleens and intestines of the test but not the control animals. No bacteria were seen in the hearts, kidneys, or lungs. At 12 weeks postinfection, all test mice had significant losses in body weight compared with those in controls (P < 0.05), a characteristic sign of bovine paratuberculosis. Tumor necrosis factor alpha was not detected in the serum. Histologic lesions were seen in the intestines, livers, and spleens of the animals in the orally inoculated test group after 26 weeks of infection. Our results suggest that the severe combined immunodeficient beige mouse may be a useful model for the investigation of paratuberculosis and cachexia and the evaluation of antimycobacterial drugs. 100 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A An experimental model for subclinical edema disease (Escherichia coli enterotoxemia) manifest as vascular necrosis in pigs. Kausche, F.M.; Dean, E.A.; Arp, L.H.; Samuel, J.E.; Moon, H.W. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Mar. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (3): p. 281-287; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pigs; Edema; Latent infections; Disease models; Escherichia coli; Enterotoxemia; Animal models; Oral administration Abstract: An experimental model for subclinical edema disease was developed in weanling pigs. In multiple experiments, 3-week-old pigs were weaned, then inoculated intragastrically with 10(10) colony-forming units of an SLT-IIv- positive strain of Escherichia coli originally isolated from a pig with edema disease (principals). Control pigs were inoculated with a nonpathogenic E coli strain. Of 39 principals, 8 developed clinical edema disease within 14 days after inoculation. However, 20 of 21 principals that did not develop clinical signs of edema disease, but were submitted for necropsy examination at 14 days after inoculation, had characteristic vascular lesions of edema disease. Vascular lesions, found principally in ileum and brain, consisted of segmental necrosis of myocytes in the tunica media of small arteries and arterioles. None of the pigs inoculated with a nonpathogenic strain of E coli developed edema disease or vascular lesions. None of the principals necropsied at 2 days after inoculation had vascular lesions. Development of vascular lesions by 14 days after inoculation was used as the end point for detecting subclinical edema disease in the model. 101 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J82 Experimental proliferative glomerulonephritis in the cat. Bishop, S.A.; Stokes, C.R.; Lucke, V.M. London : Academic Press; 1992 Jan. Journal of comparative pathology v. 106 (1): p. 49-60; 1992 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Glomerulonephritis; Disease models; Serum albumin; Intravenous injection; Symptoms; Animal models 102 NAL Call. No.: RB125.E9 Experimental surgery and physiology induced animal models of human disease. Swindle, M. Michael; Adams, Robert J. Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins,; 1988. x, 350 p. : ill. ; 27 cm. Includes bibliographies and index. Language: English Descriptors: Diseases; Animal models; Surgery, Experimental 103 NAL Call. No.: RB127.P34 The expression of a deafferentation syndrome in the Sprague-Dawley rat: effects of frontoparietal cortical lesions. Ovelmen-Levitt, J.; Young, J.N.; Rossitch, E. Jr; Nashold, B.S. Jr Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1991 Nov. Pain : the journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain v. 47 (2): p. 203-209; 1991 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Animal models; Lesions; Cerebral cortex; Nervous system diseases 104 NAL Call. No.: SF601.J65 Factors associated with failure of passive transfer of colostral antibodies in Standardbred foals. Clabough, D.L.; Levine, J.F.; Grant, G.L.; Conboy, H.S. Hagerstown, Md. : American College of Veterinary Medicine; 1991 Nov. Journal of veterinary internal medicine v. 5 (6): p. 335-340; 1991 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Foals; Maternal antibodies; Maternal immunity; Colostrum; Mares; Blood serum; Igg; Medical treatment; Animal models; Age 105 NAL Call. No.: RC628.O22 Failure to demonstrate changes in liver, kidney and red blood cell membrane Na,K-ATPase activity in rats with dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus lesions. Bernardis, L.L.; Davis, P.J. New York, N.Y. : Human Sciences Press; 1989. Journal of obesity and weight regulation v. 8 (1): p. 3-12; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Body weight; Liver; Kidneys; Erythrocytes; Cell membranes; Sodium; Potassium; Atp; Adenosinetriphosphatase; Enzyme activity; Hypothalamic lesions; Food intake; Body fat; Rats Abstract: To determine whether body composition and body size changes induced by specific hypothalamic nucleus destruction alter peripheral tissue Na,K- ATPase activity, measurements of red cell, liver and kidney membrane Na,K- ATPase were made in female rats previously subjected to ablation of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMN). Results were compared to those obtained from rats with ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) ablation or sham operation. Predictable body size and composition changes occurred in the DMN- lesioned animals (reduced body weight, length and food intake, normal carcass fat) and VMN-lesioned rats (normal body weight and food intake, reduced body length, increased carcass fat). Tissue Na,K-ATPase activity was, however, unaffected by hypothalamic ablation in either preparation, as shown by comparison to sham-operated controls. It is concluded that animal models of acquired obesity (VMN-lesioned rat, diet-induced obesity) and body size manipulation (DMN-ablated rat) are not dependent upon changes in membrane Na,K- ATPase activity in various tissues. Although the VMN and DMN have been reported by other laboratories to contain factors that can influence Na,K-ATPase activity, destruction of these hypothalamic loci was not associated with systemic changes in the activity of this enzyme. 106 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Fasting hyperbilirubinemia in normal squirrel monkeys. Cornelius, C.E.; Freedland, R.A. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (1): p. 35-37; 1992 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Saimiri sciureus; Hyperbilirubinemia; Fasting; Animal models; Bilirubin Abstract: The plasma of Bolivian squirrel monkeys, unlike that of Brazilian squirrel monkeys, is markedly yellow due to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia after an overnight fast. The fasting hyperbilirubinemia in Bolivian squirrel monkeys is likely due to two mechanisms. First, a twofold increase in the bilirubin turnover/production rate occurs during a 24-hour fast. A second mechanism is the decreased hepatic conjugation potential for bilirubin due to the presence of a higher bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGA)Km and a lower Vm; this results in higher steady-state plasma and hepatic bilirubin levels during a fast when hepatic UDP-glucuronic acid levels are low. The Bolivian squirrel monkey provides an excellent animal model for human Gilbert's syndrome type I in which to study rate-limiting mechanisms in the movement of bilirubin from plasma to bile. 107 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1P72 Fat intake and immune response. Kelley, D.S.; Daudu, P.A. Tarrytown, N.Y. : Pergamon Press Inc; 1993 Jan. Progress in food and nutrition science v. 17 (1): p. 41-63; 1993 Jan. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dietary fat; Fat consumption; Immune response; Fat deficiencies; Fatty acids; Lymphocytes; Monocytes; Macrophages; Neutrophils; Cholesterol; Nutrition physiology; Literature reviews Abstract: Changing the concentration or the type of fat intake impacts several aspects of the immune response involving lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils. An increase in the intake of fat inhibited immune response in humans and in several animal models. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of N-6 type lowered immune response in several animal models, but a moderate increase in the consumption of N-6 PUFA by humans did not have any detectable adverse effect on the immune response. In humans, several indices of immune response were inhibited by the N-3 PUFA, but in animals both inhibition and stimulation were found, depending upon the species, the fatty acids used and the index being examined. Whether the absolute amounts or the ratios between individual fatty acids or fatty acid classes are critical in determining their effects on immune response need to be investigated. Manipulation of fat intake has already found limited success in managing some of the disorders of the immune system and further use of this treatment is anticipated. 108 NAL Call. No.: QP1.P4 Feeding conditions and estrous cycle of female rats under the activity-stress procedure from aspects of anorexia nervosa. Watanabe, K.; Hara, C.; Ogawa, N. Tarrytown, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1992 Apr. Physiology & behavior v. 51 (4): p. 827-832; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Anorexia nervosa; Food restriction; Feeding behavior; Activity; Stress; Food intake; Body weight; Estrous cycle; Mortality; Gastric ulcer; Histopathology; Animal models; Female animals; Rats Abstract: The present study investigated the application of female rats with activity stress as an animal model for anorexia nervosa. Young female rats were singly housed in activity-wheel cages with food-restricted schedule (2, 3, or 4 h of food availability per day) for 3 weeks. Estrous cycle, body, weight, food intake, and wheel revolution were recorded daily. Gastric pathology was also observed using the endoscopic technique. Rats that were subjected to either a 3- or 4-h feeding schedule exhibited the cessation of estrous cycle, loss of body weight, and suppression of food intake. These animals also showed a remarkable increase in running activity. However, they had no gastric lesions throughout the experimental period. On the contrary, the 2-h feeding schedule elicited severe gastric lesions and high mortality. The results suggest that behavioral and physiological changes of the young female rats with 3 or 4 h feeding share some symptoms of anorexia nervosa, although their anorexia is not self starvation. 109 NAL Call. No.: QR46.J6 Feeding trials of Listeria monocytogenes with a nonhuman primate model. Farber, J.M.; Daley, E.; Coates, F.; Beausoleil, N.; Fournier, J. Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1991 Nov. Journal of clinical microbiology v. 29 (11): p. 2606-2608; 1991 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Listeria monocytogenes; Foodborne diseases; Inoculum; Inoculum density; Infection; Symptoms; Disease models; Macaca fascicularis Abstract: One of the major unanswered questions regarding the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in foods is how many cells must be ingested in order to cause illness. To answer this question, studies were undertaken by using Macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus monkey) as an animal model. Healthy nonhuman primates were dosed with various concentrations of L. monocytogenes suspended in sterile whole milk. Final concentrations of 10(5), 10(7), and 10(9) total cells of the organism were used; a control was also included. Blood samples, as well as fecal and nasal specimens, were taken at various time intervals. Only animals that received 10(9) cells of L. monocytogenes became noticeably ill, with symptoms of septicemia, irritability, loss of appetite, and occasional diarrhea. Monkeys that received 10(7) and 10(9) cells shed L. monocytogenes in the feces for approximately 21 days. In monkeys that received the dose of 10(9) cells, severe lymphopenia and neutrophilia occurred within 48 h. In a separate trial, monkeys received Maalox to reduce the gastric acidity of the stomach. However, no substantial differences were observed between Maalox-treated and control monkeys. 110 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1J68 Food antigens in human milk. Jakobsson, I. Basingstoke : The Macmillan Press Ltd; 1991. European journal of clinical nutrition v. 45 (suppl.1): p. 29-33; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Human milk; Food allergies; Antigens; Milk proteins; Maternal effects; Maternal nutrition; Colic; Beta-lactoglobulin; Allergic reactions; Ige; Protein content; Infants; Animal models Abstract: Before being diagnosed as cow's milk protein intolerant, many infants suffered from a lot of feeding difficulties even when fed only human milk, which gave us the idea for the following hypothesis: cow's milk taken by the mother can reach the infant via the breast milk. Since then we have tested this hypothesis on a number of infants with colic. 111 NAL Call. No.: QP501.B64 Fulvic acid supplementation and selenium deficiency disturb the structural integrity of mouse skeletal tissue. Yang, C.; Niu, C.; Bodo, M.; Gabriel, E.; Notbohm, H.; Wolf, E.; Muller, P.K. London : The Biochemical Society; 1993 Feb01. The Biochemical journal v. 289 (pt.3): p. 829-835; 1993 Feb01. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Fulvic acids; Supplements; Selenium; Mineral deficiencies; Bone diseases; Collagen; Heat stability; Proline; Lysine; Bone strength Abstract: High concentrations of fulvic acid and selenium deficiency are the main causative factors of Kashin-Beck disease, an endemic, chronic and degenerative osteoarticular disorder found in China. In the search for an animal model of this disease, mice were exposed to these pathogenetic conditions for two generations and the collagen types from skin, bone and cartilage were analysed. The growth of the treated mice was slightly retarded, and the rate of reproduction was lower in animals maintained on a fulvic acid- supplemented and/or selenium-deficient diet. Irregular bone formation was seen by radiography and morphometry. Biochemical analysis indicated that lysine residues in collagen I from bone and in collagen II from cartilage were overmodified. The values of Hyl/(Hyl + Lys) in bone collagen alpha 1(I) chains from treated mice were about 0.434-0.484, i.e. substantially higher than that of the control (0.277). The values of this parameter for collagen II were 0.482 for control and 0.546-0.566 for treated mice. The melting temperature of collagen I from bones of treated mice was 1 degrees C lower than that of control collagen, indicating decreased thermal stability. The breakage point of the tibiae of treated mice occurred at a lower preload force than for controls, suggesting that the overmodified and thermally less stable collagen molecules are causally related to a lower mechanical strength of bones. 112 NAL Call. No.: HV5285.A43 Genetic animal models. Crabble, J.C.; Phillips, T.J. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1990. Alcohol health and research world - National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism v. 14 (3): p. 179-180; 1990. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal experiments; Animal models; Genetic models; Alcoholism; Genetic regulation; Laboratory animals 113 NAL Call. No.: QP534.B56 Genetic influences on tissue deposition of aluminum in mice. Fosmire, G.J.; Focht, S.J.; McClearn, G.E. Totowa, N.J. : Humana Press; 1993 May. Biological trace element research v. 37 (2/3): p. 115-121; 1993 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diet; Aluminum; Toxicity; Mineral metabolism; Tissues; Composition; Strain differences; Animal models; Disease models; Alzheimer's disease; Mice 114 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Genetic lipid storage disease with lysosomal acid lipase deficiency in rats. Yoshida, H.; Kuriyama, M. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Sep. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (5): p. 486-489; 1990 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Human diseases; Disease models; Rats; Triacylglycerol lipase; Lysosomes; Symptoms; Pathology Abstract: We describe a new animal model of a genetic lipid storage disease analogous to human Wolman's disease. Affected Donryu rats, who inherited the disease in an autosomal recessive mode, manifested marked hepatosplenomegaly, lymph node enlargement, and thickened, dilated intestine. Morphologically, many characteristic foam cells were observed in livers and spleens. No adrenal calcification could be found in affected rats. Biochemical studies on spleen and liver tissues showed massive accumulation of esterified cholesterol and triglycerides, and deficiency of acid lipase for [14Cl-cholesteryl oleate. This animal model could contribute greatly to the clarification of the physiological and pathological roles of lysosomal acid lipase in the metabolism of lipoproteins and cholesterol, and of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. 115 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J82 Glycogen accumulation in the renal tubular cells of spontaneously occurring diabetic WBN/kob rats. Tsuchitani, M.; Kuroda, J.; Nagatani, M.; Miura, K.; Katoh, T.; Saegusa, T.; Narama, I.; Itakura, C. London : Academic Press; 1990 Feb. Journal of comparative pathology v. 102 (2): p. 179-190. ill; 1990 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diabetes; Rats; Kidneys; Glycogen; Histopathology; Animal models; Disease models 116 NAL Call. No.: QR360.A1J6 A hamster model of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) infection; passive protection by monoclonal antibodies to EHV-1 glycoproteins 13, 14 and 17/18. Stokes, A.; Allen, G.P.; Pullen, L.A.; Murray, P.K. Reading : Society for General Microbiology; 1989 May. The Journal of general virology v. 70 (pt.5): p. 1173-1183; 1989 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Hamsters; Herpetoviridae; Glycoproteins; Monoclonal antibodies; Models 117 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J82 Hepatic pathology of the colon carcinogen, azoxymethane, in Hanford-Moore miniature pigs. Wargovich, M.J.; Satterfield, W.; Price, R.E.; Stephens, L.C.; Coghlan, L. London : Academic Press; 1991 Oct. Journal of comparative pathology v. 105 (3): p. 271-278; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Miniature pigs; Animal models; Disease models; Colon; Azoxymethane; Carcinogens; Neoplasms; Toxicity; Liver; Histopathology 118 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 Z33 Hepatic selenium concentration in pigs with microangiopathy (mulberry heart disease)--an animal model for the study of oxidative damage. Korpela, H. Bern : Hogrefe & Huber Publishers; 1990. International journal for vitamin and nutrition research v. 60 (2): p. 156-159; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diet; Mineral deficiencies; Selenium; Heart diseases; Pigs Abstract: The significance of selenium deficiency was investigated in pigs that died suddenly of microangiopathy (MAP, mulberry heart disease). Hepatic selenium concentration (mean +/- SD) in pigs with MAP (1.04 +/- 0.47 microgram/g dry weight) was lower than in healthy pigs (1.23 +/- 0.53 microgram/g). The lowest hepatic selenium values were found in pigs with MAP and in 22.2% of MAP pigs hepatic selenium concentration was below 0.5 microgram/g which reflects selenium deficiency. Thus, pigs with a low selenium status are at risk of MAR The low selenium status together with vitamin E deficiency increases oxidative stress and thus contributes to the development of oxidative damage. 119 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 P27 Hepatic storage of glycosaminoglycans in feline and canine models of mucopolysaccharidoses I, VI, and VII. Haskins, M.E.; Otis, E.J.; Hayden, J.E.; Jezyk, P.F.; Stramm, L. Lawrence, Kan. : American College of Veterinary Pathologists; 1992 Mar. Veterinary pathology v. 29 (2): p. 112-119; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Animal models; Disease models; Mucopolysaccharidosis; Glycosaminoglycans; Liver; Hereditary diseases; Vacuoles 120 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Hereditary hydroenphrosis in C57BL/KsJ mice. Weide, L.G.; Lacy, P.E. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (5): p. 415-418; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Nephrosis; Hereditary diseases; Incidence; Age differences; Kidneys Abstract: We sought to determine if the incidence of renal hydronephrosis in male C57BL/KsJ mice increased with age and if grossly normal kidneys would develop hydronephrosis over time. Spontaneous hydronephrosis was found incidentally in 32% of 234 male C57BL/KsJ mice killed as pancreas donors for islet transplantation experiments. The incidence of hydronephrosis increased with age; the incidence was 15% in 6- to 8-week-old mice, 52% in 8- to 10-week- old mice and 63% in 11- to 15-week-old mice (P < 0.001). Additional mice received islet isografts beneath the renal capsule. Only mice with grossly normal kidneys received islet grafts. These same kidneys were then re-examined when the graft recipients were killed at the end of the experiment and the incidence of hydronephrosis was determined. The conversion of normal kidneys to hydronephrotic kidneys increased with the time since islet transplantation. Kidneys re-examined less than 4 weeks since transplantation had only 5.8% new hydronephrosis, while those re-examined later than 4 weeks after transplantation had a new hydronephrosis incidence rate of 40% (P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that hydronephrosis is hereditary but not congenital, that it develops rapidly, and that it can complicate experiments using this strain. This may also represent a useful new animal model of progressive hydronephrosis. 121 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1P46 Heterogeneity in sympathoadrenal activity in obesity: a function of type of obesity, nutrient effects, and regional responses. Young, J.B. Baton Rouge : Louisiana State University Press; 1992. Pennington Center nutrition series v. 2: p. 121-131; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Obesity; Nutrition physiology; Sympathetic nervous system; Energy metabolism; Epinephrine; Norepinephrine; Animal models; Literature reviews Abstract: Alterations in sympathetic nervous system activity, especially in brown fat, contribute to the regulation of energy expenditure in mammals. Adrenergic regulation of energy metabolism is believed to be abnormal in obesity, a phenomenon widely attributed to diminished sympathetic nervous system activity in brown fat. While reduced sympathetic nervous system activity in brown fat has been noted in many obese animals, it is not present in all. Furthermore, in one model of obesity, dogs or rodents fed lard-enriched diets, sympathetic nervous system activity is increased (elevated plasma norepinephrine levels and tissue norepinephrine turnover). Another abnormality noted with increasing frequency in both human and animal obesity is diminished adrenal epinephrine secretion, a process that is also influenced by nutrient intake. Although epinephrine is a potential regulator of energy metabolism in normal physiology, its role is incompletely understood. Moreover skeletal muscle, not brown fat, may be the principal site for thermic effects of epinephrine. Thus, while depressed sympathetic nervous system activity in brown fat may be sufficient, it is not a necessary explanation for obesity; adrenal medullary suppression may also contribute to the development of this condition. 122 NAL Call. No.: RC620.A1J6 Histidinemia: a biochemical variant or a disease?. Virmani, K.; Widhalm, K. Wilmington, NC : American College of Nutrition; 1993 Apr. Journal of the American College of Nutrition v. 12 (2): p. 115-124; 1993 Apr. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Histidinemia; Amino acids; Metabolism; Genetic factors; Diet treatment; Diagnosis; Literature reviews; Maternal effects; Animal models Abstract: Histidinemia, first described by Ghadimi in 1961, is caused by a defect in histidase. The defect results in elevated urinary excretion of histidine and its transamination products, and in high blood histidine. Blood histidine levels in histidinemic patients range from 290 to 1420 micromolar (normal 70-120 micromolar). The clinical picture of histidinemia varies from complete normality to severe retardation, with many patients being asymptomatic. No correlation has been found between clinical and biochemical data. Most reported cases have been identified in newborn screening programs. Frequency of histidinemia ranges from 1 in 8000 (Japan) to 1 in 37,000 (Sweden). Histidinemia is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Maternal histidinemia is believed to be benign. Studies in animal models have shown similar metabolic changes in animals and humans, but clinical changes differ. Histidinemia may be treated with a low-histidine diet, which reduces elevated histidine levels, although in most cases no improvement of clinical symptoms has been observed. 123 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Housing, breeding and selecting chickens of the Obese strain (OS) with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis. Dietrich, H.M. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Oct. Laboratory animals v. 23 (4): p. 345-352. ill; 1989 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Fowls; Thyroid diseases; Autoimmune diseases; Hereditary diseases; Disease models; Chicken housing; Animal breeding; Selection methods Abstract: A management programme is described for a small colony of Obese strain (OS) chickens afflicted with spontaneous hereditary thyroiditis. Animals of this White Leghorn fine are used as an animal model for Hashimoto's thyroiditis of man to study possible mechanisms of autoimmunity in general and organ-specific autoimmune diseases in particular. Due to the severe mononuclear cell infiltration of the thyroid glands, OS chickens show symptoms of hypothyroidism, including small body size, subcutaneous and abdominal fat deposits, long silky feathers, small combs and wattles, cold sensitivity, low fertility and poor hatchability. Successful breeding of this line, especially in a small population, can therefore be done only if rigid precautions are taken in aspects of animal care. The selection of breeding stock, the principal requirements for adequate housing and food, the artificial insemination procedure, and recommendations for collecting and incubating chicken eggs are reported in detail. Precautions necessary during the incubation of fertilized eggs, and fertility and hatchability are reported. During the hatching period several specific features must be considered. The important role of staff involved in a small chicken breeding unit is emphasized. 124 NAL Call. No.: 500 N21P Identification and prevalence of genetic defect that causes leukocyte adhesion deficiency in Holstein cattle. Shuster, D.E.; Kehrli, M.E. Jr; Ackermann, M.R.; Gilbert, R.O. Washington, D.C. : The Academy; 1992 Oct01. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America v. 89 (19): p. 9225-9229. ill; 1992 Oct01. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Holstein-Friesian; Animal models; Bovine leukosis; Genetic defects; Identification; Incidence; Mutations; Nucleotide sequences; Screening; Bulls; Culling Abstract: Two point mutations were identified within the gene encoding bovine CD18 in a Holstein calf afflicted with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD). One mutation causes an aspartic acid to glycine substitution at amino acid 128 (D128G) in the highly conserved extracellular region of this adhesion glycoprotein, a region where several mutations have been found to cause human LAD. The other mutation is silent. Twenty calves with clinical symptoms of LAD were tested, and all were homozygous for the D128G allele. In addition, two calves homozygous for the D128G allele were identified during widespread DNA testing, and both were subsequently found to exhibit symptoms of LAD. The carrier frequency for the D128G allele among Holstein cattle in the United States is approximately 15% among bulls and 6% among cows. This mutation is also prevalent among Holstein cattle throughout the world, placing this disorder among the most common genetic diseases known in animal agriculture. All cattle with the mutant allele are related to one bull, who through the use of artificial insemination sired many calves in the 1950s and 1960s. The organization of the dairy industry and the diagnostic test described herein will enable nearly complete eradication of bovine LAD within 1 year. These results also demonstrate that bovine LAD is genetically homologous and phenotypically similar to human LAD, thus providing a useful animal model for studies of LAD and beta 2 integrin function. 125 NAL Call. No.: Graphic no.279 If we stop animal research, who'll stop the real killers? Without animal research, we couldn't have put an end to polio, smallpox, rubella and diphtheria ; Now, some would like to put an end to animal research ; Obviously, they don't have cancer, heart disease, or AIDS. Foundation for Biomedical Research (Washington, D.C.) Washington, DC : Foundation for Biomedical Research, [199-?]; 1990-1992. 1 poster : col. ; 56 x 46 cm. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models in research; Diseases; Animal experimentation 126 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Immune response of cattle to Haemophilus somnus lipid A-protein conjugate vaccine and efficacy in a mouse abortion model. Inzana, T.J.; Todd, J. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Feb. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (2): p. 175-179; 1992 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Antibody formation; Haemophilus somnus; Vaccines; Lipids; Abortion; Animal models; Mice Abstract: Immunogenicity of the lipid A component of Haemophilus somnus lipooligosaccharide in cattle and mice was examined after purification, detoxification, and covalent conjugation to a protein carrier. After 2 inoculations, a substantial antibody response was induced in most cattle to lipid A and the protein carrier. To determine whether antibodies to lipid A would be protective, 5 X 10(7) colony-forming units of H somnus strain 649 were administered IV to endotoxin-responsive (C3H/HEN) mice. In one study, 8 of 13 C3H/HEN mice aborted when inoculated. In contrast, abortion did not result when mice were inoculated with the same dose of an isolate of H somnus normally found in the prepuce or with the rough mutant Escherichia coli J5. In addition, endotoxin-nonresponsive (C3H/HeJ) mice were significantly (P = 0.03) more resistant to abortion by strain 649 than were C3H/HeN mice, but inoculated C3H/HeN mice were only slightly more resistant to H somnus abortion, compared with control mice. Although a large antibody response to lipid A was detected, there was no significant difference in the immunized group between mice that aborted and mice that delivered normally. Thus, lipooligosaccharide and other properties of virulent H somnus strains may contribute to abortion in mice. 127 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 P27 Immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and hormonal studies on the endocrine pancreas of voles (Microtus arvalis) with monosodium aspartate-induced diabetes. Sasaki, M.; Arai, T.; Usui, T.; Oki, Y. Lawrence, Kan. : American College of Veterinary Pathologists; 1991 Nov. Veterinary pathology v. 28 (6): p. 497-505; 1991 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diabetes mellitus; Hormones; Ultrastructure; Immunohistochemistry; Endocrine system; Pancreas islets; Microtus arvalis; Histopathology; Animal models; Disease models 128 NAL Call. No.: QR46.J6 Immunomagnetic separation and DNA hybridization for detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in a piglet model. Lund, A.; Wasteson, Y.; Olsvik, O. Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1991 Oct. Journal of clinical microbiology v. 29 (10): p. 2259-2262; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Norway; Piglets; Diarrhea; Feces; Digesta; Escherichia coli; Enterotoxins; Bacterial antigens; Fimbriae; Genes; Dna hybridization; Magnetic separation; Immunodiagnosis Abstract: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains were detected by stool blot hybridization assays using different oligonucleotide probes for the colonization fimbrial antigen F4, heat-stable enterotoxin I (ST I), and heat- labile enterotoxin (LT I) genes. Forty-eight fecal samples and seven samples of intestinal content from ETEC-challenged newborn piglets were processed in two ways: (i) by direct inoculation of bacterial suspension onto nylon membranes overlaying blood agar and (ii) by immunomagnetic enrichment of F4+ ETEC using magnetic beads coated with F4 monoclonal antibodies before inoculation onto nylon membranes. In samples obtained from nondiarrheic piglets pre- and postchallenge, E. coli genes for F4, ST I, and LT I could be detected only after immunomagnetic enrichment. No difference between the two methods in detection of these E. coli genes was observed when stool blots from diarrheic piglets were examined. By using magnetic separation, it was easy to decrease background bacterial flora, intestinal cells, and fecal debris and thus produce purer specimens. The method evaluated in this animal model appeared simple and quick and increased the sensitivity of detection of ETEC strains 100-fold compared with the direct stool blot hybridization assays. Prior bacterial isolation and identification were not necessary. 129 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 B773 Impaired T lymphocyte immune response in vitamin A depleted rats and chicks. Friedman, A.; Sklan, D. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1989 Sep. The British journal of nutrition v. 62 (2): p. 439-449; 1989 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diet; Vitamin deficiencies; Retinol; T lymphocytes; Immune response; Rats; Chicks Abstract: Vitamin A deficiency results in decreased immune responses; the objective of the present study was to investigate the involvement of T lymphocytes in the depression of immune responses resulting from vitamin A depletion. This objective was achieved by evaluating antigen-specific T lymphocyte proliferative responses in vitro as vitamin A depletion developed. The evaluation was performed in both rat and chick to examine the generality of immune effects due to vitamin A depletion. Our findings show that vitamin A depletion led to severe impairment of T lymphocyte activity in both animal models, and that this was directly related to the vitamin A status in both species. Immune response impairment was found to precede other manifestations of vitamin A deficiency, and was rapidly corrected by feeding retinyl acetate boluses. This implied a possible regulatory, rather than constitutive, role of vitamin A in immune responsiveness. 130 NAL Call. No.: QR360.A1J6 In vivo detection of metabolic changes in a mouse model of scrapie using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Bell, J.D.; Cox, I.J.; Williams, S.C.R.; Belton, P.S.; McConnell, I.; Hope, J. Reading : Society for General Microbiology; 1991 Oct. The Journal of general virology v. 72 (pt.10): p. 2419-2423; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Scrapie; Mice; Metabolites; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Membranes; Proteins; Animal models Abstract: In vivo proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy studies of scrapie in a mouse model have shown the appearance of an abnormal peak in the brain early in the incubation period. This abnormal peak was detected weeks before the detection of a protease-resistant form of a membrane protein and vacuolar histopathology in vitro, and several months before clinical signs, and the signal increased in intensity as the disease progressed. In the chronic stage of the disease, a reduction in N-acetyl aspartate levels was observed using in vivo and in vitro proton NMR spectroscopy. 131 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Influence of chronic oestrogen treatment on severity of hydronephrosis in inbred DDD mice. Mannen, H.; Tsuji, S.; Goto, N. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1993 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 27 (2): p. 124-130; 1993 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Estrogens; Urination disorders; Animal models Abstract: It has been reported that mice treated chronically with oestrogen (oestradiol propionate) increase their bladder urine volume. Since inbred DDD mice, particularly male DDD mice, lack a protective mechanism against vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), chronic oestrogen treatment may increase the pressure in the renal pelvis and lead to severe hydronephrosis. The present studies were carried out to confirm this hypothesis. Results of a least-squares analysis of variance showed that the severity of hydronephrosis was more severe after treatment with high doses of oestrogen (1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg/week) in entire and castrated male DDD mice. Hydroureter was also observed in the same groups. Intra-vesicular pressure was 7 to 12 cmH2O higher in mice of these groups than in control DDD mice. High doses of oestrogen had no effect on the kidneys of C57BL/6 mice which showed normal protection against VUR, though it increased bladder urine volume. These findings support the hypothesis that hydronephrosis in DDD mice is caused by an incomplete protective mechanism against VUR. 132 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Influenza virus infections and immunity: a review of human and animal models. Renegar, K.B. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (3): p. 222-232; 1992 Jun. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Influenza virus; Influenza; Animal models; Immune response; Man; Domestic animals; Experimental infection; Vaccination; Literature reviews Abstract: Studies of the pathogenesis of influenza infection have involved the extensive use of animal models. The development of the current concepts of immunity to influenza and of the contribution the secretory immune system makes toward the protection of mucosal surfaces against influenza infection would have been impossible without this use of animals. The pathology, and clinical signs of influenza infection in both natural and experimental hosts, the advantages and disadvantages of the most common experimental influenza infection models, and the contribution of animal models to the understanding of local and systemic immunity to influenza infection are discussed. 133 NAL Call. No.: RA1190.F8 Inhibition of hen brain acetylcholinesterase and neurotoxic esterase by chloropyrifos in vivo and kinetics of inhibition by chlorpyrifos oxon in vitro: application to assessment of neuropathic risk. Richardson, R.J.; Moore, T.B.; Kayyali, U.S.; Fowke, J.H.; Randall, J.C. Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1993 Apr. Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology v. 20 (3): p. 273-279; 1993 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Chlorpyrifos; Metabolites; Toxicity; Nervous system diseases; Dosage effects; Enzyme activity; Acetylcholinesterase; Esterases; Inhibition; Kinetics; Brain; In vitro; Hens; Lethal dose Abstract: Chlorpyrifos (CPS, O,O-diethyl 3,5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothionate; Dursban) is a widely used broad-spectrum organophosphorus (OP) insecticide. Because some OP compounds can cause a sensory-motor distal axonopathy called OP compound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN), CPS has been evaluated for this paralytic effect. Early studies of the neurotoxicity of CPS in young and adult hens reported reversible leg weakness but failed to detect OPIDN. More recently, a human case of mild OPIDN was reported to result from ingestion of a massive dose (about 300 mg/kg) in a suicide attempt. Subsequent experiments in adult hens (the currently accepted animal model of choice for studies of OPIDN) showed that doses of CPS in excess of the LD50 in atropine-treated animals inhibited brain neurotoxic esterase (NTE) and produced mild to moderate ataxia. Considering the extensive use of CPS and its demonstrated potential for causing OPIDN at supralethal doses, additional data are needed to enable quantitative estimates to be made of the neuropathic risk of this compound. Previous work has shown that the ability of OP insecticides to cause acute cholinergic toxicity versus OPIDN can be predicted from their relative tendency to inhibit the intended target, acetylcholines (AChE), versus the putative neuropathic target, NTE, in brain tissue. The present study was designed to clarify the magnitude of neuropathic risk associated with CPS exposures by measuring hen brain AChE and NTE inhibition following dosing in vivo and determining the bimolecular rate constant of inhibition (ki) for each enzyme by the active metabolite, CPS oxon (CPO), in vitro. CPS administered to atropine-treated adult hens at 0, 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg po in corn oil produced mean values for brain AChE inhibition 4 days after dosing of 0, 58, 75, and 86%. respectively, and mean values for brain NTE inhibition of 0, 21. 40, and 77%, respectively. Only the high dose (six times the unprotected LD50 in hens) pro 134 NAL Call. No.: QR1.I57 Inoculation of barrier-born pigs with Helicobacter pylori: a useful animal model for gastritis type B. Engstrand, L.; Gustavsson, S.; Jorgensen, A.; Schwan, A.; Scheynius, A. Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1990 Jun. Infection and immunity v. 58 (6): p. 1763-1768. ill; 1990 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Bacteria; Pigs; Models; Gastritis; Inoculation 135 NAL Call. No.: 447.8 AM3 Intraluminal and intracellular phases of fat adsorption are impaired in essential fatty acid deficiency. Levy, E.; Garofalo, C.; Thibault, L.; Dionne, S.; Daoust, L.; Lepage, G.; Roy, C.C. Bethesda, Md. : American Physiological Society; 1992 Feb. American journal of physiology v. 262 (2,pt.1): p. G319-G326; 1992 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Essential fatty acids; Fat deficiencies; Triacylglycerols; Lipoproteins; Nutrient transport; Fat absorption; Intestinal absorption Abstract: The structure and function of enterocyte membranes are particularly sensitive to the degree of fatty acid saturation. The objective of the present study was to assess intestinal fat transport in essential fatty acid (EFA)- deficient animal models. Both the digestive and absorptive phases leading to the formation and the secretion of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins were investigated. After an intraduodenal fat infusion, the percentage increase of plasma TG over fasting values was examined over a period of 4 h in two groups of control and EFA-deficient rats. Lower values at 1 and 2 h (P < 0.05) were observed in EFA deficient rats, suggesting fat malabsorption. Likewise, postprandial chylomicronemia was diminished. In a separate group of rats, EFA deficiency was associated with reduced TG and chylomicron-TG transport into lymph. Although pancreatic lipase activity did not change (47.1 vs. 46.2 micromoles free fatty acids.mg protein-1.h-1), bile flow was decreased over the 8-h period of collection. Concomitantly, a significant decline (nmol.min-1.g liver-1, P < 0.05) was discernible in the biliary secretory rate of bile salts (14.09 +/- 2.13 vs. 35.09 +/- 3.73), phospholipids (7.01 +/- 0.61 vs. 11.79 +/- 1.65) and cholesterol (0.19 +/-0.01 vs. 0.83 +/- 0.06). In vitro studies, utilizing everted sacs incubated with mixed micelles, revealed that EFA- deficient jejunal segments of rats incorporated and esterified less [14C]oleic acid (21 and 32%, respectively). Moreover, the synthesis and secretion of TG- rich lipoproteins were found markedly reduced in mouse jejunal explant cultures. We conclude that EFA deficiency modifies both the intraluminal and intracellular phases of fat absorption. 136 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Isotype-specific rabbit antibodies against chinchilla immunoglobulins G, M, and A. Konietzko, S.; Koskela, M.; Erdmann, G.; Giebink, G.S. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (3): p. 302-306; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Chinchillas; Isolation; Igg; Igm; Iga; Blood serum; Milk; Isotypes; Rabbits; Antibodies; Immune serum Abstract: Chinchillas have become a preferred animal model for studying otitis media, and are also useful in studying insulin release, gastrin physiology, intestinal infection, and hepatocellular pathophysiology. Immunopathologic studies in the model, however, have been limited by absence of specific antibody reagents against chinchilla immunoglobulins. We describe a method for preparing isotype-specific rabbit antibodies against the heavy-chain components of chinchilla immunoglobulins G, M, and A. Chromatographic techniques were used to isolate chinchilla immunoglobulins from serum and breast milk; heavy-chain fractions were isolated and used as antigens to produce isotype-specific antibodies in New Zealand White rabbits. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of these antisera disclosed anti-light chain cross-reactivity, which was removed by affinity chromatography. The isolation and affinity purification techniques were highly reproducible. The availability of these reagents should greatly enhance the utility of the chinchilla in modeling human disease. 137 NAL Call. No.: Graphic no.278 It's the animals you don't see that really helped her recover recently, a surgical technique perfected on animals was used to remove a malignant tumor from a little girl's brain ; we lost some lab animals ; but look what we saved. Foundation for Biomedical Research (Washington, D.C.) Washington, DC : Foundation for Biomedical Research, [199-?]; 1990-1992. 1 poster : col. ; 56 x 46 cm. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models in research; Diseases; Animal experimentation 138 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43 Jcr:LA-corpulent rat: a strain with spontaneous vascular and myocardial disease. Russell, J.C.; Koeslag, D.G. Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council; 1990. I.L.A.R. news v. 32 (3): p. 27-32; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Animal models; Vascular diseases; Heart diseases 139 NAL Call. No.: RC628.N48 1987 The LA/N-corpulent rat as a model of atherosclerosis. Russell, J.C.; Heisler, O.R.; Amy, R.M. Bethesda, Md. : National Institutes of Health; 1988. New models of genetically obese rats for studies in diabetes, heart disease, and complications of obesity : NIH workshop, June 18-19, 1987, summaries of workshop papers and current bibliography. p. 163-165; 1988. Language: English Descriptors: Atherosclerosis; Animal models; Rats 140 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L33 Large animal models of human disease. Lewis, S.M.; Carraway, J.H. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company; 1992 Jan. Lab animal v. 21 (1): p. 22-29; 1992 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Human diseases 141 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 B5236 Liver and muscle-fat type glucose transporter gene expression in obese and diabetic rats. Yamamoto, T.; Fukumoto, H.; Koh, G.; Yano, H.; Yasuda, K.; Masuda, K.; Ikeda, H.; Imura, H.; Seino, Y. Duluth, Minn. : Academic Press; 1991 Mar29. Biochemical and biophysical research communications v. 175 (3): p. 995-1002. ill; 1991 Mar29. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Obesity; Diabetes mellitus; Carbohydrate metabolism; Glucose; Insulin; Resistance; Genes; Gene expression; Messenger RNA; Liver; Skeletal muscle; Rats Abstract: In order to investigate the regulation of glucose transporter gene expression in the altered metabolic conditions of obesity and diabetes, we have measured mRNA levels encoding GLUT2 in the liver and GLUT4 in the gastrocnemius muscle from various insulin resistant animal models, including Zucker fatty, Wistar fatty, and streptozocin(STZ)-treated diabetic rats. Northern blot analysis revealed that GLUT2 mRNA levels were significantly (P<0.001) elevated in 14 wk Zucker fatty and Wistar fatty rats relative to lean littermates but were similar in these two groups at 5 wk of age. Furthermore, there was significant increase (P<0.01) in GLUT2 mRNA levels in STZ diabetic rats at 3 wk after treatment. GLUT4 mRNA levels were not significantly different between control and insulin resistant rats in all animal models. These results indicate that neither hyperinsulinemia nor hyperglycemia affects GLUT4 mRNA levels in the muscle. However, GLUT2 mRNA levels in the liver were elevated in obesity and diabetes, although this regulatory event occurred independently from circulating insulin or glucose concentrations. 142 NAL Call. No.: RC660.A1D53 Low-protein diets in renal disease. Zeller, K.R. Alexandria, Va. : American Diabetes Association; 1991 Sep. Diabetes care v. 14 (9): p. 856-866; 1991 Sep. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kidney diseases; Morbidity; Mortality; Protein intake; Animal models; Protein secretion; Renal function; Renal failure; Literature reviews; Man Abstract: End-stage renal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. population and a significant contributor to national health-care expenditures. In recent years, a growing body of literature has accumulated from studies in animals and humans to suggest that dietary protein restriction can significantly retard the progression of chronic renal insufficiency. This article reviews the relevant literature and outlines the questions that remain for future investigation. 143 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Lymphoblastic lymphoma in a colony of N:NIH (S)-bg-nu-xid mice. Waggie, K.S.; Wu-Owens, J.; Hollifield, V.; Hansen, C.T. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (4): p. 375-377; 1992 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Lymphoma Abstract: During a 1-year period, 28 animals from a breeding colony of N:NIH(S)-bg-nu-xid mice were discovered to have rapidly enlarging subcutaneous swellings in the ventral, cervical, and axillary regions. Five of the mice also had hind limb paresis. Twenty-two of the mice were heterozygous nude females, five were homozygous nude males, and one was a homozygous nude female. All of the above mice were homo- or hemizygous for the beige and X-linked immunodeficiency mutations. The average age of the mice was 8.3 months. Generalized enlargement of the peripheral and internal lymph nodes was present at the time of necropsy examination. Other lesions commonly noted at necropsy included splenomegaly (15 mice), pale and thickened ventral lumbar spinal musculature (11 mice), and opaque, thickened meninges of the brain (10 mice). Histologic examination consistently disclosed infiltrates of neoplastic lymphoblasts in multiple tissues including lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and meninges of the brain and spinal cord. The cells were positive for IgG on immunofluorescent staining, suggesting that the tumors were of B cell origin. The neoplasms observed in these mice have several similarities to tumors found in immunodeficient humans, suggesting that these mice may serve as useful animal models of lymphoma. 144 NAL Call. No.: RC628.T697 1992 Marked caloric restriction and organ response in normal-weight and obese experimental animals. Young, E.A. New York : Guilford Press; 1992. Treatment of the seriously obese patient / edited by Thomas A. Wadden, Theodore B. VanItallie ; foreward by Per Bjorntorp. p. 107-135; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calorie-restricted diets; Metabolic studies; Nutrition physiology; Animal models 145 NAL Call. No.: TX551.N87 Mechanisms of food intolerances: development and use of experimental animal models. Miller, K.; Nicklin, S. London : Taylor & Francis; 1988. Nutritional and toxicological aspects of food processing : proceedings of an interntional symposium held at the Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy, 14-16 April 1987 / edited by R. Walker and E. Quattrucci. p. 351-364; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Food intolerance; Animal experiments 146 NAL Call. No.: 448.8 M56 Membrane fluidity and sodium transport by renal membranes from dogs with spontaneous idiopathic Fanconi syndrome. Hsu, B.Y.L.; McNamara, P.D.; Mahoney, S.G.; Fenstermacher, E.A.; Rea, C.T.; Bovee, K.C.; Segal, S. Orlando, Fla. : W.B. Saunders Co; 1992 Mar. Metabolism: clinical and experimental v. 41 (3): p. 253-259; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Fanconi syndrome; Kidneys; Membranes; Sodium; Nutrient uptake; Nutrient transport; Animal models 147 NAL Call. No.: 448.8 M56 Metabolic abnormalities of the hyperglycemic obese Zucker rat. McCaleb, M.L.; Sredy, J. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Co; 1992 May. Metabolism: clinical and experimental v. 41 (5): p. 522-525; 1992 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diabetes mellitus; Hyperglycemia; Obesity; Metabolism; Physiopathology; Animal models; Rats 148 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 A method for hyperthermic treatment of mouse skin. Gragtmans, N.J.; Jevcak, J.J.; Mitchel, R.E.J.; Morrison, D.P.; McCann, R.A.; Murphy, J.W. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 26 (2): p. 122-126; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Skin; Animal models; Disease models; Hyperthermia; Carcinogenesis; Promoters; Carcinogens Abstract: The Sencar mouse skin system is a recognized model for tumour initiation, promotion and progression. The current interest in the effect of hyperthermia on this multi-stage tumorigenesis model prompted the need for a technique to accurately heat a section of dorsal skin of a large number of mice for 30 min per heat treatment. In the technique described, experimental groups of 25 female Sencar mice were treated at 7-8 weeks of age under general methoxyflurane anaesthesia. Treatment consisted of the application of initiating and/or promoting agents with or without hyperthermia. For hyperthermic skin treatments, each group of mice was placed onto a platform in a water bath so that the dorsal skin of the mice was in contact with 44 degrees C temperature controlled water. 149 NAL Call. No.: QP43.M47 Methods in animal physiology. Deyl, Zdenek; Zicha, Joseph Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press,; 1989. 438 p. : ill. ; 26 cm. Includes bibliographies and index. Language: English Descriptors: Physiology, Experimental; Methodology; Pathology, Experimental; Methodology; Diseases; Animal models 150 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484 The microepidemiology of wasting syndrome, a common link to diarrheal disease, cancer, rabies, animal models of AIDS, and HIV-AIDS (HAIDS): the feline leukemia virus and rabies virus models. Tshikuka, J.G.; Torres-Anjel, M.J.; Blenden, D.C.; Elliott, S.C. New York, N.Y. : The Academy; 1992. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 653: p. 274-296. ill; 1992. In the series analytic: Tropical veterinary medicine: current issues and perspectives / edited by J.C. Williams, K.M. Kocan, and E.P.J. Gibbs. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Epidemiology; Human immunodeficiency virus; Disease models; Feline oncovirus; Rabies virus; Literature reviews 151 NAL Call. No.: 442.9 SO1 Minimum requirements of n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids for the function of the central nervous system and for the prevention of chronic disease. Okuyama, H. Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1992 Jun. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine v. 200 (2): p. 174-176; 1992 Jun. Proceedings of a "Conference on Molecular and Comparative Nutrition," July 22-24, 1991, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Linoleic acid; Linolenic acid; Safflower oil; Perilla; Plant oils; Nutrition; Animal behavior; Animal physiology; Central nervous system; Diseases; Disease prevention; Animal models; Rats; Mice Abstract: General behavioral patterns of rats or mice fed 5 wt% safflower oil (75% linolenate [n-6] and < 0.1% alpha-linolenate [n-3]) for two generations were significantly different from those of animals fed 5 wt% perilla oil (15% n-6 and 55% n-3). Also, brightness-discrimination learning ability and retinal function were higher in the perilla group than in the group fed 5 wt% soybean oil (53% n-6 and 4.7% n-3) or safflower oil, indicating that the requirement of n-3 for the maximum responses of the nervous system is above 0.6 en% when there is 6.8 en% linoleate n-6. Perilla oil has been found to be beneficial for the suppression of carcinogenesis, allergic hyperreactivity, thrombotic tendency, apoplexy, hypertension, and aging in animals, as compared with soybean oil and safflower oil. These results are against a lipid peroxide theory of aging, carcinogenesis, and chronic diseases. Animal experiments and epidemiological studies lead to a recommendation that the intake of n-6 should be decreased to as low as 2-4 en% and that of n-3 be increased to levels higher than linoleate n-6 for the prevention of chronic diseases prevailing in the industrialized countries. 152 NAL Call. No.: QD341.A2N8 Mitochondrial genome expression in a mutant strain of D. subobscura, an animal model for large scale mtDNA deletion. Beziat, F.; Morel, F.; Volz-Lingenhol, A.; Saint Paul, N.; Alziari, S. Oxford : IRL Press; 1993 Feb11. Nucleic acids research v. 21 (3): p. 387-392; 1993 Feb11. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Drosophila subobscura; Mitochondrial DNA; Deletions; Mitochondrial genetics; Genomes; Transcription; Gene expression; Messenger RNA; Genes; Transfer RNA; Structural genes; Nadh dehydrogenase; Cytochrome b Abstract: A mitochondrial mutant strain of D. subobscura has two mitochondrial genome populations (heteroplasmy): the first (20-30% of the population, 15.9 kb) is the same as could be found in the wild type; the second (70-80% of the population, 11 kb) has lost by deletion several genes coding for complex I and III subunits, and four tRNAs. In human pathology, this kind of mutation has been correlated with severe diseases such as the Kearns-Sayre syndrome, but the mutant strain does not seem to be affected by the mutation. Studies reported here show that: a) Transcripts from genes not concerned by the mutation are present at the same level in both strains. b) In contrast, transcript concentrations from genes involved in the deletion are significantly decreased (30-50%) in the mutant. c) Deleted DNA was expressed as shown by the detection of the fusion transcript. d) The mtDNA/nuc.DNA ratio is 1.5 times higher in the mutant strain than in the wild type. The mutation leads to change in the transcript level equilibrium. The apparent innocuousness of the mutation may suggest some post-transcriptional compensation mechanisms. This drosophila strain is an interesting model to study the consequence of this type of mitochondrial genome deletion. 153 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A model of postprandial hyperinsulinemia in miniature swine. Weingard, K.W. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1989 Sep. Laboratory animal science v. 39 (5): p. 394-399; 1989 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pigs; Hyperinsulinemia; Insulin; Diets; Disease models; Atherosclerosis Abstract: This report describes a new animal model of postprandial hyperinsulinemia (PPH) in adult miniature swine that consume a diet simulating that of affluent Western societies. Two progressive levels of PPH were induced experimentally by injecting subcutaneously low and high doses of purified porcine insuline without causing acute detrimental clinical effects or significant biological effects on total serum cholesterol, sodium and potassium concentrations, mean arterial blood pressure, or heart rate. Physiologic postprandial increments in total serum triglyceride concentrations were inhibited by experimentally-induced PPH. With this model, the in vivo effects of homologous PPH can be studied in a dose-responsive manner. Areas of potential research use of this model include study of the chronic effects of PPH on lipoprotein metabolism, the development of atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus, and the association with regional body fat distribution and metabolism. 154 NAL Call. No.: 447.8 AM3 Model of spontaneous obesity in aging male Wistar rats. Newby, F.D.; DiGirolamo, M.; Cotsonis, G.A.; Kutner, M.H. Bethesda, Md. : American Physiological Society; 1990 Dec. American journal of physiology v. 259 (6,pt.2): p. R1117-R1125; 1990 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Obesity; Adipose tissue; Growth; Adipocytes; Morphology; Body fat; Body weight; Animal models; Rats; Aging; Male animals Abstract: We analyzed retrospectively data from 148 chow-fed male Wistar rats killed between the age of 6 wk and 2 yr while varying in body weight from 136 to 917 g. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship of body weight and body lipid content with the composition and cellularity of the epididymal and retroperitoneal fat depots. A positive linear association was found between body weight and body water or fat-free dry residue, whereas total body lipid exhibited a curvilinear relationship with body weight. The weight of the epididymal pads was linearly related to body weight but not to body lipid. In contrast, retroperitoneal pad weight was exponentially related to body weight and paralleled total body lipid. A strong linear correlation was found between total body lipid and weight (r = 0.959) or depot lipid content (r = 0.967) of the retroperitoneal fat pads. In this rat model of aging and spontaneous obesity, significant regional differences exist in adipose depot composition and cellularity. A practical outcome of this study is a simple and accurate prediction of body lipid content from the gravimetric determination of the retroperitoneal fat depots. 155 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43 Modeling in biomedical research: an assessment of current and potential approaches. Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council; 1990. I.L.A.R. news v. 32 (2): p. 2-3; 1990. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Disease models; Cardiovascular diseases; Diabetes mellitus; Animal experiments; Computer simulation; Medical research 156 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J82 Morphological changes associated with furazolidone-induced cardiomyopathy: effects of digoxin and propranolol. Gwathmey, J.K. London : Academic Press; 1991 Jan. Journal of comparative pathology v. 104 (1): p. 33-45; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Disease models; Cardiomyopathy; Poults; Furazolidone; Histopathology; Digoxin; Propranolol; Muscular hypertrophy 157 NAL Call. No.: RC280.L5M67 Mouse liver carcinogenesis mechanisms and species comparisons : proceedings of a symposium held in Austin, Texas, November 30-December 3, 1988. Stevenson, Donald E. M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science-Park Research Division New York : A.R. Liss,; 1989. xix, 444 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (Progress in clinical and biological research ; v. 331). Conference hosted by the Science Park-Research Division of the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Smithville, Tex. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Liver; Tumors; Congresses; Cancer; Animal models; Congresses; Carcinogenicity testing; Congresses; Carcinogenesis; Congresses; Mice; Diseases; Congresses 158 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Mouse model for disseminated Trichosporon beigelii infection. Bannatyne, R.M.; Fong, I.W.; Cheng, P.; Capellan, J.M. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (2): p. 168-169; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Animal models; Trichosporon beigelii; Mycoses; Experimental infection 159 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Mouse models of short- and long-term foreign body in the urinary bladder: analogies to the bladder segment of urinary catheters. Johnson, D.E.; Lockatell, C.V.; Hall-Craggs, M.; Warren, J.W. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (5): p. 451-455; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Animal models; Bladder; Catheters; Foreign bodies; Bacterial diseases; Experiments; Long term experiments Abstract: Catheter-associated bacteriuria is the most common infection occurring in hospitals, where urethral catheters are generally in place for a few days, and in nursing homes, where catheters may be in place for months or years. We developed murine models with intrabladder urinary catheters for studying complications of bacteriuria in short- and long-term catheterization. In the short-term model, a catheter segment was inserted transurethrally and lay free within the bladder lumen. Half of the animals expelled segments during a 2-to-7-day period, durations similar to catheterizations in hospitalized patients. For studies of long-term catheter use, the catheter segment was secured within the bladder by a single suture for up to 12 months. Antibiotics administered for 7 days after catheter placement and housing mice in cages with wire screen floors reduced spontaneous bacteriuria to an acceptably low incidence rate of only 7%. Proteus mirabilis bacteriuria of high concentration provoked the same complications that are common in patients with long-term catheters: acute pyelonephritis, chronic renal inflammation, and struvite stone formation. These models allow inoculation of the bacteria of interest and are suitable for studies of short- and long-term foreign body-associated bacteriuria and its complications. 160 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 The muskrat in biomedical research. Doyle, R.E.; Panneton, W.M.; Vogler, G.A.; Romeo, J.P.; Watson, B.J.; Higgins, B. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (6): p. 667-674. ill; 1988 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Muskrats; Animal husbandry; Animal health; Handling; Quarantine; Medical research; Animal experiments Abstract: Muskrats are aquatic rodents of moderate size which are plentiful throughout North America, but are not used commonly in the laboratory. Recently, we tested the feasibility of muskrats as experimental models and have found them to be acquired and cared for easily in conventional laboratory animal facilities. Some of their natural characteristics and diseases are described. The husbandry techniques that we used are presented and form a base for the preparation of future guidelines for the maintenance and use of feral animals in research. The results of some initial experiments testing the muskrat's utility for investigations of cardiorespiratory control mechanisms also are presented. Our data show that even anesthetized muskrats possess brisk and dramatic cardiovascular and respiratory reflexes. Our findings that their brains possess the cytoarchitectural and myeloarchitectural features comparable to other mammals, combined with their relative uniformity in size, has allowed us to locate specific neuronal loci stereotaxically. We suggest that the muskrat be considered as an experimental animal model for studies of the neural control of cardiorespiratory systems. 161 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 P27 Mycobacterium paratuberculosis monossociated nude mice as a paratuberculosis model. Hamilton, H.L.; Cooley, A.J.; Adams, J.L.; Czuprynski, C.J. Lawrence, Kan. : American College of Veterinary Pathologists; 1991 Mar. Veterinary pathology v. 28 (2): p. 146-155; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; Disease models; Peptides; Necrosis; Animal models 162 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1P72 Neuroendocrine alterations in iron deficiency. Beard, J.L. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1990. Progress in food and nutrition science v. 14 (1): p. 45-80. charts; 1990. Literature review. Includes 141 references. Language: English Descriptors: Iron; Mineral deficiencies; Mineral metabolism; Neurophysiology; Neurosecretory systems; Temperature; Catecholamines; Animal experiments; Human nutrition research Abstract: A model of iron metabolism has been used for several years and suggests that the deleterious consequences of iron deficiency occur only after depletion of body iron stores. The biochemical consequences of iron deficiency have been adequately reviewed by others and will be covered only briefly here. This review will focus on those effects of iron deficiency on neuroendocrine processes. Out of necessity, many of these observations are derived from the rat as a animal model and are limited in breadth and depth of investigation. The rat model has been reasonable for many studies of iron metabolism and tissue biochemistry, but serious concerns can and should be raised when neuroendocrine relationships are being investigated. Nonetheless, strong parallels have been observed between effects of iron deficiency anemia in humans and the rat model especially with regard to thyroid metabolism and catecholamines. The discrepancies may reflect the greater severity of the deficiency generated in the rat as well as the rate of development of the deficiency. 163 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A new mouse strain manifesting high proteinuria and kinney glomerular defect. Hyun, B.H.; Wakasugi, N.; Nose, M.; Saito, T.; Tomita, T. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (5): p. 442-446; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Mutants; Proteinuria; Glomerulopathy; Recessive genes; Animalmodels; Disease models Abstract: A mutant strain of mice manifesting high proteinuria, wasting syndrome, and kidney glomerular defect was established from the F5 offspring of an interstrain cross of CBA/Nga and RFM/Nga mice. Affected mice had high levels of proteinuria after 40 days of age. The body weight of about 22.6% of affected mice decreased rapidly and they died between 3 and 5 months of age. We learned that this abnormality is controlled by two pairs of autosomal recessive genes; the mutant strain of mice is designated FGS/Nga. The mutant strain has been characterized by high proteinuria and renal lesions with focal sclerosis of glomeruli and tubular atrophy with interstitial nephritis in the kidney resembling the human disease. The FGS/Nga mouse strain is a potential animal model for studying kidney glomerular defect in humans. 164 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A new rat mutant with chronic conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and renal glomerular lesions. Hosokawa, S.; Tagaya, O.; Mikami, T.; Nozaki, Y.; Kawaguchi, A.; Yamatsu, K.; Shamoto, M. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Feb. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (1): p. 27-34; 1992 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Mutants; Hyperbilirubinemia; Animal models; Hereditary diseases; Disease models; Glomerulus; Histopathology Abstract: A new mutant strain of inbred Sprague Dawley rats with autosomal recessive hyperbilirubinuria, were studied by biochemical, histologic, and ultrastructural methods. The plasma bilirubin concentration in the homozygote was significantly higher than that of the heterozygote, and about 80% of the bilirubin was conjugated. Plasma BSP and ICG clearance were both severely delayed in the homozygote. Plasma BSP elimination kinetics suggested that the pathophysiologic defect was not hepatic uptake or storage but rather in secretion into bile. Histopathology of the liver demonstrated brown pigment in the hepatocytes that appeared to be lipofuscin. The electron microscopic features of the hepatic pigment resembled those of the Dubin-Johnson syndrome. Homozygote histopathology also revealed glomerular lesions with mesangial expansion and proliferation in the kidneys. Immunohistologic studies disclosed mesangial granular deposition of IgG, IgA, and to a lesser degree, IgM and C3. These renal changes resembled those of IgA nephropathy. The spontaneous hyperbilirubinuric rat (EHBR) may be a useful animal model for studying constitutive conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, bilirubin metabolism, cholestasis, and glomerulonephropathy subsequent to hepatic dysfunction. 165 NAL Call. No.: RC262.C5N8 No effect of adult dietary fat on tumors induced prenatally by diethylstilbestrol. Walker, B.E. Hillsdale, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc; 1992. Nutrition and cancer v. 17 (2): p. 161-169; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Female animals; Prenatal period; Diethylstilbestrol; Maturation; Dietary fat; Neoplasms Abstract: Strain CD-1 female mice exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol (DES) or vehicle were placed on semipurified diets containing 2.6%, 10%, 20%, or 29% fat by weight at four weeks of age. These mice were used as a breeding colony for a few weeks and then maintained to terminal illness on the semipurified diets. Females exposed prenatally to DES developed mammary tumors, pituitary tumors, and glandular tumors of the reproductive tract. There was no significant difference in tumor frequency between low- and high-fat dietary groups. Fewer tumors appeared in the vehicle-exposed mice, as expected, and their frequency did not differ between the dietary groups. Pregnancy reduced tumor frequency in DES-exposed mice, but the incidence of pregnancy was not significantly different between low- and high-fat dietary groups. In the adult the failure of a high-fat diet to increase the frequency of reproductive system tumors induced prenatally is in marked contrast to the effectiveness of high- fat diets in promoting mammary tumors induced by carcinogens given to rats postnatally. This difference is critical in the interpretation of epidemiological studies. The relationship of dietary fat to reproductive system cancer in human populations was reviewed in comparison with these two animal models. The epidemiological literature was found to be more consistent with the animal model, showing high sensitivity to dietary fat prenatally but no significant sensitivity at the adult stage of life. 166 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43 The NOD mouse: a model for analyzing the interplay between heredity and environment in development of autoimmune disease. Leiter, E.H. Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council; 1993. I.L.A.R. news v. 35 (1): p. 4-14; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Animal models; Autoimmune diseases 167 NAL Call. No.: QP141.H78 Nutrition and aging in animal models. Masoro, E.J. New York, N.Y. : Plenum; 1989. Human nutrition : a comprehensive treatise v. 6: p. 25-41; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Elderly nutrition; Laboratory animals; Food restriction; Caloric intake; Dietary proteins; Source fat; Nutrient intake; Minerals; Vitamins 168 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484 Nutritional influence on neonatal infections in animal models and man. Harris, M.C.; Douglas, S.D. New York, N.Y. : The Academy; 1990. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 587: p. 246-256; 1990. In the series analytic: Micronutrients and immune functions / edited by A. Bendich and Ranjit K. Chandra. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Infant nutrition; Infectious diseases; Malnutrition; Neonates; Neutrophils; Rats; Animal models; Disease resistance; Literature reviews 169 NAL Call. No.: QP141.C65 Obesity--role of animal models. McCracken, K.J. London : J. Libbey; 1988. Comparative nutrition / editors, Sir Kenneth Blaxter, Ian Macdonald. p. 163-184; 1988. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Obesity; Nutrition physiology; Animal experiments 170 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J824 Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and development. Simopoulos, A.P. Baltimore, Md. : American Society for Clinical Nutrition; 1991 Sep. American journal of clinical nutrition v. 54 (3): p. 438-463. charts; 1991 Sep. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Polyenoic fatty acids; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Docosenoic acids; Metabolism; Nutrient sources; Diet; Evolution; Food composition tables; Heart diseases; Hypertension; Inflammation; Autoimmune diseases; Neoplasms; Diabetes; Nutrient deficiencies; Disease prevention; Nutrition physiology; Literature reviews Abstract: Several sources of information suggest that man evolved on a diet with a ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids of approximately 1 whereas today this ratio is approximately 10:1 to 20-25:1, indicating that Western diets are deficient in omega 3 fatty acids compared with the diet on which humans evolved and their genetic patterns were established. Omega-3 fatty acids increase bleeding time; decrease platelet aggregation, blood viscosity, and fibrinogen; and increase erythrocyte deformability, thus decreasing the tendency to thrombus formation. In no clinical trial, including coronary artery graft surgery, has there been any evidence of increased blood loss due to ingestion of omega 3 fatty acids. Many studies show that the effects of omega 3 fatty acids on serum lipids depend on the type of patient and whether the amount of saturated fatty acids in the diet is held constant. In patients with hyperlipidemia, omega 3 fatty acids decrease low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol if the saturated fatty acid content is decreased, otherwise there is a slight increase, but at high doses (32 g) they lower LDL cholesterol; furthermore, they consistently lower serum triglycerides in normal subjects and in patients with hypertriglyceridemia whereas the effect on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) varies from no effect to slight increases. The discrepancies between animal and human studies most likely are due to differences between animal and human metabolism. In clinical trials eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the form of fish oils along with antirheumatic drugs improve joint pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis; have a beneficial effect in patients with ulcerative colitis; and in combination with drugs, improve the skin lesions, lower the hyperlipidemia from etretinates, and decrease the toxicity of cyclosporin in patients with psoriasis. In various animal models omega 3 fatty acids decrease the number and size of tumors and increase the time 171 NAL Call. No.: QL737.P6C6 v.25 Osteoarthritis in rhesus monkeys and gibbons a locomotor model of joint degeneration. DeRousseau, C. Jean Basel ; New York : Karger,; 1988. xii, 145 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. (Contributions to primatology ; v. 25). Includes index. Bibliography: p. [103]-131. Language: English Descriptors: Osteoarthritis; Animal models; Primates; Diseases; Medical anthropology 172 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52 Ovine GM1 gangliosidosis. Murnane, R.D.; Ahern-Rindell, A.J.; Prieur, D.J. New York : Elsevier; 1991 Oct. Small ruminant research v. 6 (1/2): p. 109-115; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Gangliosidosis; Lysosomes; Neurons; Histopathology; Diagnosis; Symptoms; Animal models 173 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484 Oxygen free radical-mediated heart injury in animal models and during bypass surgery in humans: effects of alpha-tocopherol. Ferrari, R.; Curello, S.; Boffa, G.M.; Condorelli, E.; Pasini, E.; Guarnieri, G.; Albertini, A. New York, N.Y. : The Academy; 1989. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 570: p. 237-253; 1989. In the series analytic: Vitamin E--biochemistry and health implications / edited by A.T. Diplock, L.J. Machlin, L. Packer and W.A. Pryor. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Myocardial ischemia; Oxygen; Stress; Surgery; Vitamin e; Vitamin deficiency; Human nutrition research; Rats; Literature reviews 174 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Pancreatectomized swine as a model of diabetes mellitus. Stump, K.C.; Swindle, M.M.; Saudek, C.D.; Strandberg, J.D. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 38 (4): p. 439-443. ill; 1988 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pigs; Pancreatectomy; Disease models; Diabetes; Blood glucose; Insulin; Mortality Abstract: The development of a model of diabetes mellitus using swine offers the potential for new investigations in the study of human diabetic complications. In particular, animal models for the study of accelerated atherosclerosis associated with diabetes are important and presently lacking. Swine were selected because they have a natural susceptibility to atherosclerosis and have plasma lipoprotein patterns which are close to those of humans. Diabetes mellitus was induced in nine miniature swine by total pancreatectomy. Following surgery, they were maintained on porcine derived insulin at doses predicated on blood glucose levels. Pancreatic enzymes were replaced by dietary supplementation. Eight of the nine pigs were pancreatectomized successfully and stabilized with insulin. After initial weight loss, the pancreatectomized pigs maintained growth rates comparable to controls. Hypoglycemia and bacterial infections were the major problems experienced. Post-operative survival ranged from 50 days to 455 days. Our study shows that swine can be pancreatectomized successfully and maintained as insulin dependent animals, presenting a realistic model for research on the complications of diabetes. 175 NAL Call. No.: TX345.B74 The pathogenesis of obesity. Bray, G.A. San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1989. Bristol-Myers Squibb/Mead Johnson nutrition symposia v. 7: p. 129-143. charts; 1989. In the series analytic: Nutrition and the Origins of Disease / edited by C.H. Halsted and R.B. Rucker. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Obesity; Nutrient balance; Energy expenditure; Regulation; Feedback; Neurotransmitters; Brain; Sympathetic nervous system; Adrenalectomy; Nutrition physiology; Literature reviews Abstract: The regulation of body weight is presented as a controlled system for nutrient balance. Nutrient intake and storage; energy expenditure; a nutrient control equation; and animal models of obesity (hypothalamic, genetic and dietary) are discussed. The role of the brain (anatomy and neurotransmitters); feedback signals; and efferent controls as regulators of food intake and nutrient metabolism are also reviewed. 176 NAL Call. No.: DISS F1991140 Pathogenetische Rolle zytotoxischer T-Lymphozyten bei der Masernenzephalitis im Tiermodell [Pathogenetic relevance of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in measles virus-induced encephalitis in two animal models]. Niewiesk, Stefan Hannover : [s.n.],; 1991. ix, 134 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-126). Language: German 177 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Pharmacokinetics of fusidic acid in laboratory animals. Findon, G.; Miller, T.E.; Rowe, L.C. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (5): p. 462-465; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Mice; Rabbits; Guinea pigs; Antibiotics; Pharmacokinetics; Oral administration; Subcutaneous injection; Intramuscular injection Abstract: The ability to evaluate the efficacy of fusidic acid in animal models of infectious disease is limited by the absence of pharmacokinetic data for the agent in laboratory animals. In our study, aspects of fusidic acid pharmacokinetics were compared in rats (Rattus norwegicus), mice (Mus musculus), rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), and guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). Sodium fusidate was poorly absorbed after oral administration to rats, although limited absorption occurred in guinea pigs, mice, and rabbits. Subcutaneous injections of diethanolamine fusidate to laboratory rats, however, achieved a serum profile similar to that observed in humans. There was no evidence of drug accumulation in rats given repeated subcutaneous doses of diethanolamine fusidate during a 4-day period, but rabbits showed clear evidence of a cumulative effect. 178 NAL Call. No.: TD888.C65C68 1988 Physiologic and cellular changes in an animal model of byssinosis. Hara, K.S.; Scanlon, P.D.; Schroeder, M.A.; Rohrbach, M.S. Memphis, TN : National Cotton Council; 1988. Cotton dust : proceedings of the Twelfth Cotton Dust Research Conference, beltwide cotton research conferences, New Orleans, LA, January 6-7, 1988 / proc of Endotoxin Inhalation Workshop, Clearwater, FL, Sept 28-30, 1987. p. 171-175; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Guinea pigs; Cotton; Dusts; Respiratory diseases 179 NAL Call. No.: 389.1 W892 The piglet as a model animal for studying aspects of digestion and absorption in milk-fed human infants. Moughan, P.J.; Nirtles, M.J.; Cranwell, P.D.; Smith, W.C.; Pedraza, M. Basel : S. Karger; 1992. World review of nutrition and dietetics v. 67: p. 40-113; 1992. In the series analytic: Nutritional triggers for health and disease / edited by A. P. Simopoulos. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Infants; Diet; Milk; Human milk; Digestion; Absorption; Animal models; Piglets; Literature reviews 180 NAL Call. No.: QP86.P6 The Potential for nutritional modulation of the aging process. Ingram, Donald K.; Baker, George T.; Shock, Nathan Wetherill, Trumbull, Conn. : Food & Nutrition Press,; 1991. xiii, 417 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (Publications in food science and nutrition). Proceedings of an international conference sponsored by the American Health Foundation, co-sponsored by National Institutes on Aging, Food and Drug Administration, The Gerontological Society of America, September 13-15, 1988, New York, NY. Includes bibliographical references and index. Language: English Descriptors: Aging Abstract: Reports the proceedings of a conference on the fundamental effects of nutritional variables on aging processes. Variables range from population demography and epidemiology to biochemistry and molecular genetics to the involvement of nutritional variables in the etiology of specific diseases. Research on animal models of the effects of calorie restriction on a number of age-related phenomena ranging from genetic expression to learning and memory and the involvement of specific nutrients on age-related processes are presented. 181 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484 Prenatal protein malnutrition and postnatal brain function. Tonkiss, J.; Galler, J.; Morgane, P.J.; Bronzino, J.D.; Austin-Lafrance, R.J. New York, N.Y. : The Academy; 1993. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 678: p. 215-227; 1993. In the series analytic: Maternal nutrition and pregnancy outcome / edited by C.L. Keen, A. Bendich, and C.C. Willhite. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Human nutrition research; Prenatal period; Protein deficiencies; Puerperium; Animal models; Brain; Neurophysiology; Literature reviews 182 NAL Call. No.: QR1.I57 Production and purification of heat-stable exterotoxin b from a porcine Escherichia coli strain. Dubreuil, J.D.; Faribrother, J.M.; Lallier, R.; Lariviere, S. Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1991 Jan. Infection and immunity v. 59 (1): p. 198-203; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pigs; Rats; Escherichia coli; Enterotoxins; Heat stability; Purification; Characterization; Animal models Abstract: Production of heat-stable enterotoxin b (STb) by porcine Escherichia coli strains belonging to serogroup O115 was evaluated in ligated intestinal segments of adult rats. The conditions for optimal production and detection of STb were studied by using the STb-producing strain 4247. As STb production was similar in complex Trypticase soy broth and minimal Davis medium, the latter was used for the fermentation of strain 4247 and the production of STb in large quantities. STb was then purified to apparent homogeneity by sequential ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation, and preparative gel electrophoresis. The enterotoxin was purified more than 500-fold and exhibited a molecular weight of approximately 5,000 as determined by urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Purified STb retained such chemical characteristics as resistance to heating (60 degrees C/30 min) and sensitivity to trypsin. A rabbit polyclonal antiserum was produced against the purified toxin. Numerous booster doses were required to obtain a significant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titer, suggesting that STb is a poor immunogen. Nevertheless, the antiserum was used successfully to discriminate between culture supernatants of STb-positive and STb-negative O115 E. coli strains, thus demonstrating the immunogenicity of purified STb. 183 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Pulmonary responses of conscious strain 13 guinea pigs to pichinde viral infection. Guo, Z.M.; Liu, C.T. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (6): p. 581-584; 1991 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Guinea pigs; Pichinde virus; Animal models; Respiration; Measurement Abstract: A laboratory animal model for studying puonary responses to arenaviral infection was established with advanced technologies. Tidal volume (TV), respiratory rate (RR), minute volume (MV), expiratory time (TE), inspiratory time (TI), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and specific pulmonary airway resistance (RES) were measured with a double plethysmograph and a computer data-acquisition system in six conscious, strain 13 guinea pigs. Using the same animal, experiments were conducted before and after subcutaneous inoculation with 10(4) plaque-forming units of Pichinde virus. Pulmonary functions were determined for 1 minute every 10 minutes for 2 hours before and at postinoculation days (PUD) 3, 6, 8, and daily thereafter until shortly before death. The mean time to death was 18 +/- 0.7 days. Tidal volume, RR, MV, PEF, RES, and rectal temperature increased slightly on PID 3 and reached peak values at the midpoint of disease. At 95% of the mean time to death (16.5 +/- 0.5 days), RR, MV, and rectal temperatures suddenly decreased to lower than baseline values; while TV, RES, and PEF values remained high. When TE decreased with the increase in RR, TI did not change. When RR decreased at the terminal stage, both TE and TI increased. Hyperventilation, increased specific pulmonary airway resistance, terminal hypoventilation, and respiratory arrest were noted in strain 13 guinea pigs infected with Pichinde virus. 184 NAL Call. No.: RA1190.F8 Quantitative analysis of neuronal damage induced by tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate in Wistar rats. Inui, K.; Mitsumori, K.; Harada, T.; Maita, K. Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1993 Jan. Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology v. 20 (1): p. 111-119; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Organophosphorus compounds; Toxicity; Neurotoxins; Nervous system diseases; Neurons; Histopathology; Ultrastructure; Animal models; Toxicology; Rats Abstract: A quantitative analysis of neuronal damage was performed on the fasciculus gracilis (FG) of the cervical spinal cord in male Wistar rats that received orally a single dose of tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) at 1500 mg/kg. FG tissues were sampled at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after treatment and examined histopathologically. Wallerian degeneration of myelinated nerve fibers was observed in FG at 2 weeks. Morphological changes were most evident at 3 weeks after treatment and the number of fibers was reduced. Ultrastructurally, axonal swelling due to the accumulation of cytoplasmic contents was observed near the node of Ranvier in the affected animals, indicating paranodal degeneration. Axonal atrophy and swelling in organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) were evaluated quantitatively using a computer-assisted image analyzer. Morphometric examinations on semi-thin sections and frozen sections stained with Nauta's method were demonstrated to be useful for objective evaluation of OPIDN in the rat. 185 NAL Call. No.: 41.9 AM37 Quantitative TC-99m-MDP joint scintigraphy in a lentivirus-induced arthritis of goats. Papageorges, M.; Gavin, P.R.; Barbee, D.D.; Sande, R.D.; Knowles, D.P.; Cheevers, W.P. Raleigh, N.C. : American College of Veterinary Radiology; 1991 Mar. Veterinary radiology v. 32 (2): p. 82-86; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Goats; Scintigraphy; Technetium; Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus; Arthritis; Inflammation; Joints (animal); Histopathology; Animalmodels 186 NAL Call. No.: 442.9 SO1 Reduced survival of neonates due to vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy in the guinea pig. Apgar, J.; Dulin, A.; Kramer, T.; Smith, J.C. Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1991 May. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine v. 197 (1): p. 56-58; 1991 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Vitamin a deficiency; Pregnancy; Survival; Newborn animals; Guinea pigs; Animal models; Mineral nutrition Abstract: Neonatal vitamin A stores are limited even in well-nourished full- term infants and are yet smaller in the premature infant. The object of this experiment was to determine whether vitamin A deficiency could be induced inpregnant guinea pigs and, if so, whether it would affect vitamin A status of the neonate.Adult (600 g) guinea pigs were fed a casein-agar diet that was vitamin A deficient (AD).Controls (vitamin A adequate) were orally dosed weekly with 2 mg of retinylpalmitate. Weight gains of dams and birth weights of neonates did not differ. No externalsigns of deficiency were observed. Six of eight AD and seven of eight vitamin A-adequatedams carried pregnancy to term (greater than or equal to Day 64). One AD dam died during delivery. Liver retinol concentrations were below the detection limit (<3 microgram/g) for all AD neonatesand dams and in postpartum serum of AD dams. Of neonates born greater than or equal to Day64, 15 of 18 AD were dead or moribund compared with 4 of 22 vitamin A adequate. The unexpectedly severeeffect on the neonate indicates that the guinea pig will be a sensitive modelfor investigating the affect of poor maternal vitamin A status on neonatal vitaminA-dependent functions. However, a less severe maternal deprivation should be used forsuch studies. 187 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J824 Reduction of food intake in the ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle. Lyons, P.M.; Truswell, A.S.; Mira, M.; Vizzard, J.; Abraham, S.F. Baltimore, Md. : American Society for Clinical Nutrition; 1989 Jun. American journal of clinical nutrition v. 49 (6): p. 1164-1168. charts; 1989 Jun. Includes 20 references. Language: English Descriptors: Food intake; Menstrual cycle; Ovulation; Caloric intake; Lh; Women Abstract: Food intake was weighed and recorded daily during one complete menstrual cycle in 18 healthy normally menstruating women. Urinary luteinizing hormone indicated the time of ovulation. Mean daily intakes of energy, macronutrients, and alcohol were calculated for five phases during the menstrual cycle: menses, postmenses, ovulatory, postovulatory, and premenses. Weekly variations were also measured. Energy intake was lowest during the ovulatory phase compared with postovulatory, premenses, and menses phases (p less than 0.05). The maximum difference, 1.36 MJ (324 kcal)/d, occurred between ovulatory and postovulatory phases and was twofold higher than the increase of 0.64 MJ (152 kcal)/d observed at weekends. This reduction of food intake at ovulation has not been previously described in humans. It coincides with the expected peak in circulating estrogen levels and is consistent with the hypothesis in animal models that estrogen is an appetite suppressant. 188 NAL Call. No.: 381 B522 Reduction of hyperlipidemia in the LA/N-corpulent rat by dietary fish oil containing n-3 fatty acids. Dolphin, P.J.; Amy, R.M.; Koeslag, D.G.; Limoges, B.F.; Russell, J.C. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1988 Oct14. Biochimica et biophysica acta : International journal of biochemistry and biophysics v. 962 (3): p. 317-329; 1988 Oct14. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Obesity; Diet; Fish oils; Fatty acids; Hypertriglyceridemia Abstract: The LA/N rat, when homozygous for the corpulent gene (cp/cp), is obese, hyperphageous, hyperinsulinemic, hypertriglyceridemic and prone to the development of vascular and myocardial lesions. The hypertriglyceridemia, which in 3-month-old cp/cp males is 282 +/- 42 mg/dl and in females, 512 +/-83 mg/dl, results from the presence of a large triacylglycerol-rich VLDL. The moderate hypercholesterolemia in these animals is largely due to markedly elevated HDL levels, which reach 172 +/- 21 mg total lipid/dl in males and 154 +/- 22 mg total lipid/dl in females. The LA/N-cp rat is thus an interesting animal model of endogenous hypertriglyceridemia in which to examine the hypolipidemic effects of pharmacological agents and also dietary oil supplements containing the n-3 fatty acids. In this study, 1-month-old male and female cp/cp rats were fed a normal low fat laboratory chow supplemented with either 10% olive oil or 10% redfish (Sebastes marinus) oil ad libitum for a period of 2 months. The redfish oil contained 4.9 +/- 0.1% of its total fatty acids as eicosapentaenoic (20:5(n-3)) and 2.3 +/- 0.5% as docosahexaenoic acid (22:6(n-3)), the predominant fatty acids being gondoic (20:1(n-3)), 21.9 +/- 0.9% and cetoleic acid (22:1(n-11)), 21.7 +/- 1.7%, which are of dietary origin. Daily caloric was similar in the oil-fed versus control rats. However, the oil-fed animals weighed significantly more than the controls after 2 months of oil supplementation. Redfish oil reduced serum triacylglycerols by 54% in males and 45% in females after 2 months. VLDL levels, after the same time period, were reduced by 44% in males and 39% in females. HDL lipid mass was significantly reduced in both sexes (by 27% in males and 49% in females). However, the levels remained above those of male LA/N +/+ rats of the same age and Long-Evens rats. Olive oil feeding significantly reduced serum cholesterol, triacylglycerols and phospholipids in male but only cholesterol and phospholipids in female anim 189 NAL Call. No.: Z6658.R47 Research utilization of miniature swine. Wilmington, Mass.? : Charles River, [between 1988-1990?]; 1988-1990. 83 p. ; 28 cm. Cover title. Language: English Descriptors: Diseases; Animal models; Bibliography; Swine as laboratory animals; Bibliography; Swine; Physiology; Bibliography 190 NAL Call. No.: QR1.I57 Restricted ability of group B streptococcal C5a-ase to inactivate C5a prepared from different animal species. Bohnsack, J.F.; Chang, J.K.; Hill, H.R. Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Apr. Infection and immunity v. 61 (4): p. 1421-1426; 1993 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Streptococcus; Attractants; Inactivation; Strain differences Abstract: Most strains of group B streptococci (GBS) elaborate a cell surface- associated enzyme that rapidly inactivates the human complement-derived chemoattractants C5a and C5a(desarg) by cleaving the His-Lys bond at positions 67 and 68 in the C5a molecule. We have suggested that rapid inactivation of C5a and C5a(desarg) by this enzyme, called C5a-ase, can hinder the inflammatory response at sites of GBS infection. We tested the ability of GBS C5a-ase to inactivate C5a preparations from various animal species to determine the proper species for studying the role of GBS C5a-ase in the pathogenesis of GBS infections. Exposure of C5a preparations from humans, monkeys, and cows to GBS caused inhibition of C5a functional activity as measured by the ability of C5a to stimulate human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adherence and human PMN chemotaxis. Bovine PMN chemotaxis to bovine C5a was also abolished after exposure of bovine C5a to GBS. In contrast, mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, pig, and sheep C5a preparations retained full functional activity after exposure to GBS as measured by chemotaxis of human PMNs, PMNs from the same animal species, or both. These data suggest that there are structural differences between C5a proteins from different species which alter their susceptibility to GBS C5a-ase and indicate that most commonly used animal models of human GBS infection are inadequate for detection of a contribution of GBS C5a-ase to GBS virulence. 191 NAL Call. No.: RC628.N48 1987 Reversible impairment of glucose-induced insulin secretion in SHR/N-cp rats. Voyles, N.R.; Powell, A.M.; Timmers, K.I.; Wilkins, S.D.; Bhathena, S.J.; Hansen, C.; Michaelis, O.E. IV; Recant, L. Bethesda, Md. : National Institutes of Health; 1988. New models of genetically obese rats for studies in diabetes, heart disease, and complications of obesity : NIH workshop, June 18-19, 1987, summaries of workshop papers and current bibliography. p. 33-44; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Obesity; Diabetes; Rats 192 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 AM34 Review of clinical studies on cholesterol-lowering response to soy protein. Carroll, K.K. Chicago, Ill. : The Association; 1991 Jul. Journal of the American Dietetic Association v. 91 (7): p. 820-827; 1991 Jul. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Soy protein; Hypercholesterolemia; Triacylglycerols; Low density lipoprotein; Animal experiments; Man; Literature reviews; Cholesterol; Blood serum; Blood plasma; Dietary protein Abstract: Experiments on animals have shown that soybean protein has hypocholesterolemic and antiatherogenic properties. In human beings, substitution of soy protein for dietary animal protein or addition of soy protein to the diet lowers total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels in individuals with hypercholesterolemia. Reductions of 20% or more have been obtained with diets high in protein (about 20% of total energy) and relatively low in fat. Triglycerides are also decreased, particularly in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia, but soy-protein diets appear to have little effect on high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Responses are similar in men and women, but may be greater in younger than in older subjects. The hypocholesterolemic effect is thought to be mainly attributable to the protein itself rather than to nonprotein components of soy-protein preparations. The mechanism of action is not known, and it may not be possible to explain the observed effects in human beings and in experimental animal models by the same mechanism. Although the hypocholesterolemic response to dietary soy protein has been observed by a number of European research groups, substitution of soy protein for animal protein in North American diets has generally had little effect, for reasons that are still not clear. 193 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 The role of Branhamella catarrhalis in the "bloody-nose syndrome" of cynomolgus macaques. VandeWoude, S.J.; Luzarraga, M.B. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (5): p. 401-406; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Macaca fascicularis; Branhamella; Respiratory diseases; Nose; Hemorrhage; Pathogens Abstract: During a 15-month period, 25 cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) at the Johns Hopkins University were observed to have nasal discharge. Fifteen (60%) of these animals had positive nasal cultures for Branhamella catarrhalis. Clinical signs associated with infection by this bacterium were sneezing, epistaxis, and mucohemorrhagic nasal discharge. Treatment with antibiotics resulted in prompt resolution of clinical signs. Post-therapeutic nasal cultures were negative for B. catarrhalis. Two groups of clinically normal, culture-negative, cynomolgus macaques were inoculated with natural isolates of B. catarrhalis which had been passaged in culture for various amounts of time. Five of the eight animals inoculated became culture- positive and had mild nasal discharge. Presence of blood on nasal swabs was indicative of infection with B. catarrhalis. Three of the inoculated animals had post-swabbing epistaxis. This report documents the role of B. catarrhalis as an upper respiratory pathogen in the cynomolgus monkey which causes mild self-limiting disease reminiscent of the so-called "Bloody-Nose Syndrome." In addition to the obvious clinical significance of this finding to primate clinicians, development of an animal model for human disease caused by this organism may be possible. 194 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J82 The role of the cytokines, interferon alpha and tumor necrosis factor in the hypertriglyceridemia and wasting of AIDS. Grunfeld, C.; Feingold, K.R. Bethesda, Md. : American Institute of Nutrition; 1992 Mar. The Journal of nutrition v. 122 (3S): p. 749-753; 1992 Mar. Proceedings of a symposium on "Nutrition, Immunomodulation and AIDS" held at the American Institute of Nutrition Annual Meeting, April 21-25, Atlanta, GA. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Hypertriglyceridemia; Infections; Cachexia; Lipid metabolism; Immunological factors; Blood lipids; Interferon; Interleukins; Literature reviews Abstract: The hypertriglyceridemia of infection is mediated by many of the cytokines that regulate the immune response, including the tumor necrosis factors, the interleukins and the interferons. In the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), hypertriglyceridemia is most likely due to increased circulating levels of interferon alpha. Both in AIDS and in animal models there is no direct association between the presence of hypertriglyceridemia and the syndrome of wasting. Rather, circulating lipoproteins may neutralize infectious organisms and therefore contribute to host defense. 195 NAL Call. No.: 442.9 SO1 Selenium and sulfur in antioxidant protective systems: relationships with vitamin E and malaria. Levander, O.A. Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1992 Jun. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine v. 200 (2): p. 255-259; 1992 Jun. Proceedings of a "Conference on Molecular and Comparative Nutrition," July 22-24, 1991, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Selenium; Sulfur; Vitamin e; Antioxidants; Glutathione peroxidase; Hydrolases; Proteins; Fish oils; Qinghaosu; Nutrient deficiencies; Malaria; Mice; Animal models Abstract: The metabolic relationships among the antioxidant nutrients selenium, sulfur, and vitamin E are particularly close. Selenium and vitamin E have long been known to spare one another in certain nutritional diseases of animals, and selenium has been considered to have a key antioxidant defense function as a component of glutathione peroxidase. However, the antioxidant role of glutathione peroxidase has been questioned and now proteins containing selenium have been identified: phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, selenoprotein P, and iodothyronine deiodinase. Glutathione peroxidase activity independent of selenium resides in the glutathione S- transferases. Glutathione participates in both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems. Some low-molecular weight selenium compounds (e.g., ebselen) exhibit glutathione peroxidase-like action. Certain low molecular weight thiols decompose peroxides nonenzymatically (e.g., the ovothiols). Murine malaria appears to be a useful experimental model for investigating interrelationships of selenium and vitamin E. Vitamin E deficiency protects against the parasite, especially when the mice are concurrently fed peroxidizable fat such as fish or linseed oils. Selenium deficiency, on the other hand, has little or no protective effect against the parasite. Any practical utility of pro-oxidant diets in combating human malaria remains to be determined. 196 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J82 Serum lipoprotein profiles in mice: effects of early over- and undernutrition. Aubert, R.; Camus, M.C.; Bourgeois, F.; Herzog, J.; Lemonnier, D. Bethesda, Md. : American Institute of Nutrition; 1988 Oct. The Journal of nutrition v. 118 (10): p. 1190-1196; 1988 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Overfeeding; Undernutrition; Litter size; Blood serum; Lipoproteins; Neonates; Mice Abstract: Effects of early over- and undernutrition on lipoprotein profiles of adult Swiss male mice reared in litters of different sizes were investigated. Lipoproteins were isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation and defined by chemical composition. Protein moieties were defined by their charges. The lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in epididymal adipose tissue, heart and diaphragm was measured. Early feeding patterns induced permanent body weight differences in adult mice. Serum phospholipid content was significantly higher in obese than in control mice. Overfeeding led to significantly higher activity of LPL in adipose tissue; inversely, undernutrition induced a lower LPL activity. There was a trend toward variations of lipoprotein concentrations in relation to litter size, with significant differences being observed only between obese and undernourished mice for LDL-HDL1 (low density lipoprotein- high density lipoprotein) and HDL1 concentrations. Compared with normally fed mice the most notable alterations in plasma lipoprotein composition were, in LDL-HDL2, greater cholesteryl ester in obese and less phospholipid in undernourished mice. In contrast, tetramethyl-urea-soluble apolipoprotein distribution was unaffected by litter size. Although moderate differences were observed in lipoprotein compositions and levels in over- or undernourished mice, further investigations of lipoprotein metabolism and metabolic abnormalities in this animal model are required. 197 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43 SHHE/Mcc-cp rat: model of obesity, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, and congestive heart failure. McCune, S.A.; Baker, P.B.; Stills, H.F. Jr Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council; 1990. I.L.A.R. news v. 32 (3): p. 23-27; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Obesity; Diabetes mellitus; Animal models; Heart diseases; Complications 198 NAL Call. No.: Z7996.P85J6 Simian & human retroviruses in nonhuman primates infection, disease & animal model studies : a bibliography, 1988-1989 annual update.. Simian and human retroviruses in nonhuman primates Johnson-Delaney, Cathy A. University of Washington, Primate Information Center Seattle, Wash. : Primate Information Center, Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington,; 1989. 26 p. ; 28 cm. Cover title. September 1989. Supported in part by Grant No. RR-00166 from the National Institutes of Health. Includes index. Language: English Descriptors: Primates; AIDS (Disease) 199 NAL Call. No.: QL698.C7 The Smyth chicken: a model for autoimmune amelanosis. Smyth, J.R. Jr Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press; 1989. Critical reviews in poultry biology v. 2 (1): p. 1-19; 1989. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Fowls; Mutations; Polygenic inheritance; Animal models; Melanins; Autoimmune diseases; Autoantibodies; Literature reviews 200 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Spinal dracunculiasis in an experimentally infected ferret. Broderson, J.R.; Eberhard, M.L.; Welch, B.G.; Bandt, F.H. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (2): p. 180-182; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ferrets; Dracunculus insignis; Disease models; Animal models; Morphology; Paralysis; Experimental infections; Spinal cord; Parasite migration 201 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Spontaneous and experimental infections in scid and scid/beige mice. Percy, D.H.; Barta, J.R. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (2): p. 127-132; 1993 Apr. Paper presented at a conference entitled "The Scid Mouse in Biomedical and Agricultural Research," August 5-7, 1992, Guelph, Canada. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Mutants; Infections Abstract: Severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice are valuable animals to study a variety of logic and disease processes. Their capacity to support multiple tissue xenografts permits these mice to be used as intermediate models for host-specific, fastidious organisms for which a small animal model has not been available previously. However, because they are unable to mount a normal immune response, they are very susceptible to a variety of primary and opportunistic microbial pathogens. Fatal, naturally occurring infections with bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus viridans, and Escherichia coli have been observed. In addition, based on observations after experimental or naturally occurring viral infections, scid and scid/beige mice have been shown to be very susceptible to infections with viruses such as mouse hepatitis virus, Sendai virus, and murine respiratory virus, with resulting mortality. Of the parasitic infections, Pneumocystis carinii is a relatively common contaminant of the respiratory tracts of scid mice and may complicate research projects, particularly experimental respiratory tract infections. In view of the enhanced susceptibility of these mice to infections of this type, it is essential that they be housed under optimal conditions, which include implementing stringent management practices and a functional barrier system. 202 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43 The spontaneously hypercholesterolemic pig as an animal model for human atherosclerosis. Attie, A.D.; Prescott, M.F. Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council; 1988. I.L.A.R. news v. 30 (4): p. 5-12. ill; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pigs; Disease models; Hypercholesterolemia; Atherosclerosis; Lipids; Cholesterol; Lipoproteins; Histopathology 203 NAL Call. No.: 389.1 W892 Studies of dietary supplementation with omega 3 fatty acids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Kremer, J.M.; Robinson, D.R. Basel : S. Karger; 1991. World review of nutrition and dietetics v. 66: p. 367-382; 1991. In the series analytic: Health effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in seafoods / edited by A. Simopoulos, R. Kifer, R. Martin and S. Barlow. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rheumatoid arthritis; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Docosenoic acids; Fishoils; Supplements; Immune response; Pain; Assessment; Inflammation; Leukotrienes; Platelets; Interleukins; Mitogens; Eicosanoids; Literature reviews Abstract: The purpose of this review is to summarize briefly the investigations employing omega-3 supplements in the animal model and then more thoroughly discuss subsequent clinical investigations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Data on the effects of omega-3 supplements on inflammatory and immune parameters is also summarized. 204 NAL Call. No.: 448.8 P21 Studies on a murine model of congenital toxoplasmosis: vertical disease transmission only occurs in BALB/c mice infected for the first time during pregnancy. Roberts, C.W.; Alexander, J. New York, N.Y. : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Feb. Parasitology v. 104 (pt.1): p. 19-23; 1992 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Toxoplasma gondii; Toxoplasmosis; Vertical transmission; Congenitalinfection; Animal models; Mice; Chronic infections; Pregnancy 205 NAL Call. No.: QR360.A1J6 Studies on glycoprotein 13 (gp13) of equid herpesvirus 1 using affinity- purified gp13, glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies and synthetic peptides in a hamster model. Stokes, A.; Corteyn, A.H.; Pullen, L.A.; Doel, T.R.; Meredith, D.M.; Killington, R.A.; Halliburton, I.W.; Whittaker, G.R.; Wheldon, L.A.; Nicolson, L. Reading : Society for General Microbiology; 1991 Apr. The Journal of general virology v. 72 (pt.4): p. 923-931; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Horses; Equine herpesvirus; Glycoproteins; Monoclonal antibodies; Animal models; Hamsters Abstract: Hamsters were immunized with either an affinity-purified preparation of equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) glycoprotein 13 (gp13) or synthetic peptides representing three sequences within the homologous glycoprotein of EHV-4, resulting in the production of antipeptide (in the case of peptide-immunized animals) or antivirus antibodies. The sera from gp13-immunized hamsters contained antibodies which showed virus-neutralizing activity and complement- mediated antibody lysis of EHV-1-infected target cells. These hamsters were protected from EHV-1 challenge. The characteristics of a panel of anti-gp13 monoclonal antibodies (P28, P17, 14H7, 16E4 and 16H9) were assessed both in vivo and in vitro. 16E4 and P28 showed high levels of complement-mediated neutralization of virus, complement-mediated lysis of virus-infected target cells and passive protection of hamsters. Furthermore, epitope mapping studies demonstrated that this glycoprotein contains a neutralizing epitope recognized by EHV-1-immune horse serum. The data imply that gp13 has potential as a candidate antigen for a molecular vaccine. 206 NAL Call. No.: 447.8 AM3 Studies on mechanisms of hepatic insulin resistance in cafeteria-fed rats. Davidson, M.B.; Garvey, D. Bethesda, Md. : American Physiological Society; 1993 Jan. American journal of physiology v. 264 (1,pt.1): p. E18-E23; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Obesity; Diet; Insulin; Resistance; Fatty acids; Oxidation; Lipolysis; Hyperinsulinemia; Metabolic inhibitors; Liver; Rats Abstract: Whether hyperinsulinemia causes insulin resistance or vice versa is controversial. The development of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance was tracked in the cafeteria-fed rat to determine which occurred first. After 3 days of cafeteria feeding the rats were obese, manifested a small but significant decrease in fasting glucose levels, and showed no change in fasting insulin levels, basal hepatic glucose production (HGP), insulin binding to hepatic membranes, and glucose utilization during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, but the rats did demonstrate an increased glucose disappearance rate associated with an enhanced insulin response to intra-arterial glucose and hepatic insulin resistance during the clamp. After 7 days of cafeteria feeding, the results were similar except that fasting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, an enhanced basal HGP, and decreased insulin binding developed. After 6 wk of cafeteria feeding, both hepatic and peripheral insulin resistances were present. After 7 days of cafeteria feeding in rats given streptozotocin or etomoxir, an inhibitor of free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation, hepatic insulin resistance persisted despite elimination of hyperinsulinemia and reduction of FFA oxidation. These data do not support a causal role for either hyperinsulinemia or enhanced lipolysis of hypertrophied fat stores and subsequent FFA oxidation in the liver in the development of hepatic insulin resistance in this animal model of obesity. 207 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Subcutaneous abscess due to Salmonella adelaide in a grey collie with cyclic hematopoiesis. Moazed, T.C.; Deeb, B.J.; DiGiacomo, R.F. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Nov. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (6): p. 639-641; 1990 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Salmonella; Abscesses; Hematopoiesis; Animal models; Case reports; Salmonellosis; Stress 208 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1N88 Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis after dietary zinc deprivation in guinea pigs. Scelsi, R.; Franciotta, D.M.; Camana, C.; Savoldi, F.; Allegrini, M. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1989 Dec. Nutrition research v. 9 (12): p. 1345-1354; 1989 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diet; Mineral deficiencies; Zinc; Immunology; Encephalitis; Guinea pigs Abstract: The effects of different levels of zinc (Zn) in the diet were tested in the animal model of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is considered a prototype for cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Acute EAE was induced in guinea pigs maintained with normal, high and low levels of Zn in the diet. The animals fed normal and Zn-supplemented diets showed the same survival rates; the incidence and severity of the disease was similar for both groups. Zn-deficient animals exhibited the expected symptoms of Zn deficiency and after sensitization did not develop neurological signs of EAE; some of them presented only focal inflammatory alteration in CNS. 209 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Sympathetic auricular chondritis in rats: a model of auto-immune disease?. Meingassner, J.G. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1991 Jan. Laboratory animals v. 25 (1): p. 68-78; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Autoimmune diseases; Markers; Ear diseases; Pathology Abstract: Following the unilateral implantation of metal ear tags in female Crl:CD(SD)BR-rats, chronic inflammatory lesions were observed in both auricles in 70% and 24% of the animals after 30 and 60 weeks, respectively. Involvement of the collateral auricles was identified only after diffuse inflammation of the ear tag-marked pinnae had developed. Histological examination revealed a multifocal granulomatous chondritis, characterized by progressive destruction of the cartilaginous plate and excessive regeneration of cartilaginous tissue. IgG and complement deposits were present in the matrix of the marginal area of regenerating cartilage and at the destruction sites of autochthonous cartilage. It is likely that the pinally-restricted chondritis was due to an autoimmune response initiated by a chronic inflammatory process at the insertion site of the ear tag. Since the respone was not due to immunity to type II collagen, this pathologic phenomenon in rats may provide a useful animal model to study autoimmunity involving other cartilaginous matrix molecules. 210 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Systemic and pulmonary reactions in swine with endotoxemia and gram-negative bacteremia. Olson, N.C.; Kruse-Elliott, K.T.; Dodam, J.R. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Jun15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 200 (12): p. 1870-1884; 1992 Jun15. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pigs; Circulatory disorders; Endotoxins; Toxemia; Gram negative bacteria; Bacterial diseases; Literature reviews; Physiopathology; Animal models 211 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Systemic histopathology of rats with CCl(4)-induced hepatic cirrhosis. Doi, K.; Kurabe, S.; Shimazu, N.; Inagaki, M. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1991 Jan. Laboratory animals v. 25 (1): p. 21-25; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Carbon tetrachloride; Histopathology; Animal models; Disease models; Cirrhosis Abstract: Systemic histopathological examinations were carried out on rats with CCl4-induced hepatic cirrhosis. Moderate congestion in the spleen, prominent oedema and focal acinar cell degeneration in the pancreas, marked haemorrhage and phagocytosis of haemosiderin by macrophages in the pancreaticoduodenal lymph node, appearance of monocytes bearing haemosiderin- like granules in the pulmonary arteries and cardiac right atrium, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis were consistently observed in rats with hepatic cirrhosis. In addition, a marked increase in number of target cells and the appearance of a small number of monocytes bearing haemosiderin-like granules were also commonly found in the peripheral blood smears of these animals. These findings are considered to be important in the use of the CCl4-induced model of hepatic cirrhosis in the rat. 212 NAL Call. No.: Graphic no.280 Thanks to animal research, they'll be able to protest 20.8 years longer According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, animal research has helped extend our life expectancy by 20.8 years ; Of course, how you choose to spend those extra years is up to you. Foundation for Biomedical Research (Washington, D.C.) Washington, DC : Foundation for Biomedical Research, [199-?]; 1990-1992. 1 poster : col. ; 45 x 56 cm. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models in research; Diseases; Animal experimentation 213 NAL Call. No.: QR1.I57 T-lymphocyte response in a guinea pig model of tuberculous pleuritis. Phalen, S.W.; McMurray, D.N. Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Jan. Infection and immunity v. 61 (1): p. 142-145; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Guinea pigs; Animal models; Tuberculosis Abstract: The ability to induce tuberculous pleuritis in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs was investigated as a model of human disease. A pleural effusion of 5 to 10 ml was obtained 6 to 7 days after the bilateral pleural injection of a suspension of heat-killed M. tuberculosis cells. Histological lesions were indicative of granulomatous pleuritis. Comparative studies of T lymphocytes obtained from pleural fluid and peripheral blood revealed increased antigen-driven lymphoproliferation and E rosette formation in pleural effusion lymphocytes. The CD2+ T-lymphocyte population appeared to be expanded or concentrated in pleural fluid, suggesting a compartmentalization of antigen-reactive T lymphocytes. These data demonstrate that experimental tuberculous pleuritis with effusion, closely resembling the human disease, can be produced in BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs. 214 NAL Call. No.: 470 SCI2 Transgenic animals. Jaenisch, R. Washington, D.C. : American Association for the Advancement of Science; 1988 Jun10. Science v. 240 (4858): p. 1468-1474; 1988 Jun10. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Gene expression; Genetic engineering; Genomes; Disease models; Neoplasms Abstract: Astract: The ability to introduce foreign genes into the germ line and the successful expression of the inserted gene in the organism have allowed the genetic manipulation of animals on an unprecedented scale. The information gained from the use of the transgenic technology is relevant to almost any aspect of modern biology including developmental gene regulation, the action of oncogenes, the immune system, and mammalian development. Because specific mutations can be introduced into transgenic mice, it becomes feasible to generate precise animal models for human genetic diseases and to begin a systematic genetic dissection of the mammalian genome. 215 NAL Call. No.: 448.3 AC85 Treatment of bovine leukaemia virus-infected sheep with suramin: an animal model for the development of antiretroviral compounds. Burkhardt, H.; Rosenthal, S.; Rosenthal, H.A.; Karge, E.; De Clercq, E. Praha : Academia, Publishing House of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences; 1989 Aug. Acta virologica v. 33 (4): p. 305-313; 1989 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Bovine oncovirus; Sheep; Drug therapy; Suramin; Models; Enzyme activity 216 NAL Call. No.: QP901.A33 Trophic stimulation of the ductular-islet cell axis: a new approach to the treatment of diabetes. Rosenberg, L.; Vinik, A.I. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1992. Advances in experimental medicine and biology v. 321: p. 95-109; 1992. In the series analytic: Pancreatic islet cell regeneration and growth / edited by A.I. Vinik. Proceedings of the Diabetic Institute Conference on Inslet Cell Regeneration and Growth, June 22-23, 1991, Norfolk, Virginia. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diabetes mellitus; Pancreas islets; Cell differentiation; Cell growth; Regeneration; Animal models; Golden hamsters 217 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J82 Tuberculosis in domesticated deer (Cervus elaphus): a large animal model for human tuberculosis. Buchan, G.S.; Griffin, J.F.T. London : Academic Press; 1990 Jul. Journal of comparative pathology v. 103 (1): p. 11-22. ill; 1990 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Red deer; Mycobacterium bovis; Histopathology; Immunodiagnosis; Lymphocyte transformation tests; Elisa; Skin tests; Stress; Immunological deficiency; Disease models; Animal models 218 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Ultrasound-guided blood sampling of rabbit fetuses. Moise, K.J. Jr; Hesketh, D.E.; Belfort, M.M.; Saade, G.; Veyver, I.B. van den; Hudson, K.M.; Rodkey, L.S. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (4): p. 398-401; 1992 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rabbits; Fetus; Blood sampling Abstract: A rabbit animal model for hemolytic disease of the newborn has been previously described. However, evaluating the effects of this disease was limited to histologic and hematologic examinations of liveborn kitlings. To assess the feasibility of in utero blood sampling, we performed ultrasound- guided cardiac sampling of 50 fetuses in 16 New Zealand White does on days 26 and 27 of gestation. The overall rate of successful sampling was 80%. The procedure-related mortality declined to 35% by the third phase of the study. The mean (+/- SD) hematocrit (%) and reticulocyte values ( 100 RBCs) on day 26 were 26.3 +/- 3.3 and 35.6 +/- 5.1, respectively; values on day 27 were 31.3 +/- 4.9 and 27.5 +/- 7.6. The results of this study suggest that hematologic data can be obtained from rabbit fetuses in the majority of cases with only moderate fetal loss. 219 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 P27 Ultraviolet radiation-induced skin tumors in a South American opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Kusewitt, D.F. Lawrence, Kan. : American College of Veterinary Pathologists; 1991 Jan. Veterinary pathology v. 28 (1): p. 55-65. ill; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Monodelphis domestica; Skin diseases; Neoplasms; Ultraviolet radiation; Histopathology; Sarcoma; Melanoma; Papillomas; Carcinoma; Animal models; Disease models 220 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6 v.6 Use of animal models for research in human nutrition. Beynen, Anton C.,_1953-; West, C. E. Basel ; New York : Karger,; 1988. 190 p. ; 25 cm. (Comparative animal nutrition ; v. 6). Includes bibliographies and index. Language: English Descriptors: Nutritionally induced diseases; Animal models; Animal nutrition 221 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6 Use of animals for the study of relations between nutrition and infectious diseases. Beisel, W.R. Basel : Karger; 1988. Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 33-55; 1988. In the series analytic: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and C.E. West. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Malnutrition; Infectious diseases; Fatal infections; Mineral deficiencies; Synergism; Antagonism; Species differences; Pathogens; Strain differences; Vitamin deficiencies; Deficiency diseases; Immune response; Endotoxins; Literature reviews 222 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6 Use of animals in elucidating the regulation of metabolism of amino acids with particular reference to branched chain amino acids. Goodwin, G.W.; Harris, R.A. Basel : Karger; 1988. Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 14-30; 1988. In the series analytic: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and C.E. West. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Animal models; Amino acid metabolism; Branched chain amino acids; Catabolism; Oxidoreductases; Enzyme activity; Dietary protein; Liver cells; Biotechnology; Dna probes 223 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6 The use of animals in studying the effects of diet on gallstone formation. Liepa, G.U.; Gorman, M.A.; Duffy, A.M. Basel : Karger; 1988. Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 149-173; 1988. In the series analytic: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and C.E. West. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Biliary calculi; Bile; Hamsters; Cholesterol metabolism; Dietary protein; Blood serum; Laboratory animals; Mice; Dietaryfat; Primates 224 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1B58 The use of gene targeting to develop animal models for human genetic diseases. Melton, D.W. Colchester : The Society; 1990 Dec. Transactions - Biochemical Society v. 18 (6): p. 1035-1039. ill; 1990 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Transgenics; Genetic engineering; Animals; Models; Genetic disorders; Therapy 225 NAL Call. No.: R853.A53U84 1989 The use of laboratory animals in biomedical research significance for human and animal health : information package.. Information package; the use of laboratory animals in biomedical research National Association for Biomedical Research (U.S.) Washington : DC? : National Association for Biomedical Research?,; 1989. 174 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Cover title. January 1989. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal experimentation; Animal models in research; Medicine; Diseases; Animal welfare 226 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484 Vitamin E and cancer prevention in an animal model. Wang, Y.M.; Purewal, M.; Nixon, B.; Li, D.H.; Soltysiak-Pawluczuk, D. New York, N.Y. : The Academy; 1989. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 570: p. 383-390; 1989. In the series analytic: Vitamin E--biochemistry and health implications / edited by A.T. Diplock, L.J. Machlin, L. Packer and W.A. Pryor. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Carcinoma; Diet studies; Disease prevention; Disease surveys; Vitamin e; Human nutrition research; Rats 227 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484 Vitamins and the immune system. Beisel, W.R. New York, N.Y. : The Academy; 1990. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 587: p. 5-8; 1990. In the series analytic: Micronutrients and immune functions / edited by A. Bendich and Ranjit K. Chandra. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ascorbic acid; Pyridoxine; Retinol; Vitamin e; Human nutrition research; Immune response; Immunology; Trace elements; Mice; Animal models 228 NAL Call. No.: 442.9 SO1 Vitamin A status: relationship to immunity and the antibody response. Ross, A.C. Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1992 Jul. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine v. 200 (3): p. 303-320; 1992 Jul. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Retinol; Retinoic acid; Vitamin a deficiency; Cell mediated immunity; Humoral immunity; Antibody formation; Antigens; Natural killer cells; Infections; Immunization; Animal models; Literature reviews 229 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Xenogeneic PBL-scid mice: their potential and current limitations. Greenwood, J.D. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (2): p. 151-155; 1993 Apr. Paper presented at a conference entitled "The Scid Mouse in Biomedical and Agricultural Research," August 5-7, 1992, Guelph, Canada. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Mice; Lymphocytes Abstract: The hu-PBL-scid has been constructed by intraperitoneal inoculation of lymphocytes from human peripheral blood into immunodeficient scid mice. Such scid mouse-human chimeras have proven useful as in vivo animal models for studies on human lymphocyte development and differentiation from pluripotent stem cells. Further, the hu-PBL-scid mouse provides a readily accessible model for the examination of immune cell function and involvement in autoimmune and infectious disease processes. In response to the growing need for model systems to examine the immune system and disease pathogenesis in agriculturally important animals, PBL engraftment of scid mice has expanded to include the bovine and equine species. This review discusses the properties and potential uses of the xenogeneic PBL-reconstituted scid mouse.
Author Index

Subject Index

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Animal Welfare Information Center
United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library

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