 Anesthesia and Analgesia for Farm AnimalsProvided by the Animal Welfare
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Quick Bibliography Series: QB 94-21
336 citations in English from AGRICOLA
Tim Allen
Animal Welfare Information Center
April 1994 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
Allen, Tim
Anesthesia and analgesia for farm animals.
(Quick bibliography series ; 94-21)
1. Animal anesthesia--Bibliography. 2. Domestic animals--Bibliography. I.
Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.94-21
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AGRICOLA
Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA database between January 1979 and the present.
SAMPLE CITATIONS
Citations in this bibliography are from the National Agricultural Library's
AGRICOLA database. An explanation of sample journal article, book, and
audiovisual citations appears below.
JOURNAL ARTICLE:
Citation # NAL Call No.
Article title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher. Journal Title.
Date. Volume (Issue). Pages. (NAL Call Number).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8.SCH6
Morrison, S.B. Denver, Colo.: American School Food Service
Association. School foodservice journal. Sept 1987. v. 41
(8). p.48-50. ill.
BOOK:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date. Information
on pagination, indices, or bibliographies.
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL RM218.K36 1987
Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
Kane, June Kozak. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.
Includes index. xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm. Bibliography:
p. 126.
AUDIOVISUAL:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date.
Supplemental information such as funding. Media format
(i.e., videocassette): Description (sound, color, size).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV
All aboard the nutri-train.
Mayo, Cynthia. Richmond, Va.: Richmond Public Schools,
1981. NET funded. Activity packet prepared by Cynthia
Mayo. 1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +
activity packet. Anesthesia and Analgesia for Farm Animals
January 1987 - January 1994
SEARCH STRATEGY
Set Items Description
1 4263 anesthe? or anasthe? or anaesthe? or analges? or pain? or
distress? or tranquil? or anxiolytic
2 197462 cow or cows or cattle or sheep or pigs or swine or boar? or
pig? or barrow? or horse? or mare? or stallion? or livestock?
or bull? or lamb? or ram? or ewe?
3 55438 pony or ponies or foal or colt? or chicken? or chick or chicks
or poult? or hen? or rooster? or turkey? or duck? or geese or
goose or llama? or emu? or ostrich?
4 34124 rhea? or goat? or equine? or bovine? or ovine? or buffalo?
5 262907 S2 or S3 or S4
6 1036 S1 and S5/title
7 446 S6 and LA=English and PY=1987:1994
Anesthesia and Analgesia for Farm Animals
1 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A47
Acetaminophen toxicosis: a potential model for acute liver failure in swine.
Artwohl, J.E.; Henne-Bruns, D.; Carter, E.; Cera, L.M.
Manhattan, Kan. : American Academy of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology;
1988 Aug.
Veterinary and human toxicology v. 30 (4): p. 324-328. ill; 1988 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Analgesics; Poisoning; Liver function; Biopsy
2 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46
Acupuncture for the treatment of chronic back pain in 200 horses.
Martin, B.B. Jr; Klide, A.M.
Lexington, Ky. : The Association; 1992.
Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine
Practitioners (37): p. 593-601; 1992. Meeting held December 1-4, 1991, San
Francisco, California. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Acupuncture; Pain
3 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992
Acute pain from castration and tail docking of lambs.
Molony, V.; Wood, G.N.
New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 385-395,
400-401; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lambs; Pain; Tail; Cutting; Castration; Anesthesia; Local
anesthesia; Xylazine; Morphine; Etorphine; Naloxone; Drug effects
4 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R3224
Alleviation of postanesthetic hypoxemia in the horse.
McMurphy, R.M.; Cribb, P.H.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Jan.
The Canadian veterinary journal v. 30 (1): p. 37-41; 1989 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Adverse effects; Hypoxia; Therapy; Oxygen;
Partial pressure
5 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222
Alterations in pituitary gland sensitivity in ram lambs to physiological doses
of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), after divergent selection based on
the luteinizing hormone response to a pharmacological GnRH challenge.
Evans, N.P.; McNeilly, J.R.; Springbett, A.J.; Webb, R.
Colchester : The Journal; 1991 Nov.
Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 93 (2): p. 559-567; 1991 Nov.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rams; Lambs; Lines; Gnrh; Lh; Hormone secretion; Anesthesia;
Injectable anesthetics; Dosage effects; Line differences; Hypothalamus;
Pituitary
6 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Analgesic activity and respiratory effects of butorphanol in sheep.
Waterman, A.E.; Livingston, A.; Amin, A.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 Jul.
Research in veterinary science v. 51 (1): p. 19-23; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Analgesics; Dosage; Pain; Respiratory gases; Mechanical
stimulation; Heat tolerance
Abstract: The analgesic drug butorphanol tartrate has proved useful
clinically in horses and dogs but its analgesic profile had not yet been
investigated in sheep. This study was initiated to determine the thermal and
mechanical antinociceptive activity of butorphanol (at the dose rates 0.05, 0.1
and 0.2 mg kg-1) in sheep. The drug produced significant analgesia in the
thermal lest system, the duration of which was dose related but no significant
elevation in mechanical pressure thresholds could be detected. In a further set
of experiments the dose rate was increased to 0.4 mg kg-1 and mechanical
testing was repeated. There was still no clinically significant elevation in
pressure thresholds. At a dose rate of 0.2 mg kg-1 the drug had no detectable
effect on respiratory blood gas tensions. Behavioural changes were severe if a
dose rate of 0.2 mg kg-1 was exceeded.
7 NAL Call. No.: SF951.E62
The analgesic effect of ketoprofen for use in treating equine colic as
compared to flunixin meglumine.
Betley, M.; Sutherland, S.F.; Gregoricka, M.J.; Pollet, R.A.
Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1991 Jun.
Equine practice v. 13 (6): p. 11-16; 1991 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Colic; Medical treatment; Analgesics; Flunixin; Pain; Drug
effects; Antiinflammatory agents
8 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Analgesic effects of detomidine in thoroughbred horses with chronic tendon
injury.
Chambers, J.P.; Livingston, A.; Waterman, A.E.; Goodship, A.E.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1993 Jan.
Research in veterinary science v. 54 (1): p. 53-56; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Detomidine; Tendons; Legs; Trauma; Pain
Abstract: This study was undertaken to assess the analgesia provided by
detomidine (20 micrograms kg-1 intravenously) in thoroughbred horses. Pain
thresholds to a mechanical noxious stimulus were measured before and after a
period of mild chronic pain in one foreleg. Detomidine was a good analgesic in
control animals, their pain thresholds were significantly elevated for about 60
minutes. After injury, the injured leg had a significantly lower pain
threshold and the intensity and duration of analgesia provided by detomidine
were significantly reduced. The analgesia in the opposite (sound) leg was also
reduced, indicating that there were both central and peripheral aspects to this
increased sensitivity to painful stimuli. Detomidine deserves to be
considered as a potent analgesic in the horse rather than a sedative with
analgesic side effects.
9 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AU72
Analgesic therapy of beak-trimmed chickens.
Glatz, P.C.; Murphy, L.B.; Preston, A.P.
Brunswick, Victoria : Australian Veterinary Association; 1992 Jan.
Australian veterinary journal v. 69 (1): p. 18; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fowls; Debeaking; Analgesics; Animal welfare; Feed intake
10 NAL Call. No.: SF914.A53 1990
Anesthesia & analgesia in swine.
Swindle, M.M.
Columbia, Md. : American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, 1990? :.; 1990.
Anesthesia and analgesia in laboratory animals : proceedings -- 1990 Forum,
American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Columbia Inn, Columbia,
Maryland, May 3-6, 1990. p. 79-87; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Miniature pigs; Anesthesia; Analgesics
11 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass technique in calves and sheep.
Holmberg, D.L.; Olsen, D.B.
Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Co; 1987 Nov.
Veterinary surgery v. 16 (6): p. 463-465; 1987 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Calves; Sheep; Anesthesia; Heart; Lungs; Surgical operations
12 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46
Anesthesia for the equine orthopedic patient.
Muir, W.W. III
Lexington, Ky. : The Association; 1992.
Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine
Practitioners (37): p. 721-733; 1992. Meeting held December 1-4, 1991, San
Francisco, California. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Hemodynamics; Postoperative complications
13 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Anesthesia in the llama.
Riebold, T.W.; Kaneps, A.J.; Schmotzer, W.B.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1989 Sep.
Veterinary surgery v. 18 (5): p. 400-404; 1989 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Llamas; Anesthesia; Anesthetics
14 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535
Anesthesia techniques in sheep and goats.
Ewing, K.K.
Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1990 Nov.
The Veterinary clinics of North America : food animal practice v. 6 (3): p.
759-778; 1990 Nov. In the series analytic: Advances in sheep and goat
medicine / edited by M. C. Smith. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Goats; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Analgesics
15 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69
The anesthetic and analgesic effects of Telazol and xylazine in pigs:
evaluating clinical trials.
Thurmon, J.C.; Benson, G.J.; Tranquilli, W.J.; Olson, W.A.; Tracy, C.H.
Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Company; 1988 Aug.
Veterinary medicine v. 83 (8): p. 841-845; 1988 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Anesthesia; Xylazine; Anesthetics; Analgesics; Drug
combinations
16 NAL Call. No.: SF951.V47
Anesthetic complications in the horse.
Klein, L.
Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders; 1990 Dec.
The Veterinary clinics of North America : equine practice v. 6 (3): p.
665-692; 1990 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Equipment; Failure; Anesthetics; Ventilation;
Complications; Cardiovascular system; Hypotension; Hypothermia; Hypoxia;
Hyperthermia; Cardiac rhythm; Muscular diseases
17 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46
Anesthetic considerations for dystocia and caesarean section in mares.
Hodgson, D.S.
Manhattan, Kan. : The Association; 1989.
Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine
Practitioners (34th): p. 543-547; 1989. Meeting held December 4-7, 1988, San
Diego, CA. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mares; Foaling; Anesthesia; Dystocia; Caesarean section;
Techniques; Anesthetics
18 NAL Call. No.: SF951.V47
Anesthetic considerations for emergency equine abdominal surgery.
Grandy, J.L.; Hodgson, D.S.
Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders; 1988 Apr.
The Veterinary clinics of North America : equine practice v. 4 (1): p. 63-78.
ill; 1988 Apr. In the series analytic: Management of colic / edited by S.M.
Stover. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Abdomen; Anesthesia; Emergencies; Monitoring; Surgery
19 NAL Call. No.: SF951.E62
Anesthetic considerations in equine orthopedics.
Short, C.E.; Stauffer, J.L.
Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Pub. Co; 1988 Apr.
Equine practice v. 10 (4): p. 43-49; 1988 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Orthopedics; Surgery
20 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Anesthetic management of an incisional dehiscence in recovery following
exploratory laparotomy in a horse.
Curtis, M.B.; Eicker, S.W.; Archer, R.M.; Lindsay, W.A.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Mar01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 200 (5): p. 692-695;
1992 Mar01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Laparotomy; Postoperative complications; Case
reports
21 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Anesthetic management of ostriches.
Cornick, J.L.; Jensen, J.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Jun01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 20 (11): p.
1661-1666; 1992 Jun01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ostriches; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Heart rate; Respiration rate;
Blood pressure; Blood; Gases; Complications
22 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 B5236
The anesthetic nitrous oxide affects dioxygen utilization by bovine heart and
bean seed mitochondrial particles.
Sowa, S.; Dong, A.; Roos, E.E.; Caughey, W.S.
Duluth, Minn. : Academic Press; 1987 Apr29.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications v. 144 (2): p. 643-648;
1987 Apr29. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Anesthetics; Nitrous oxide; Cattle; Heart; Beans; Seeds;
Mitochondria; Cytochrome c; Substrates; Cytochrome c oxidase; Seed dormancy;
Seed germination
23 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69
Anesthetics and surgical techniques useful in the potbellied pig.
Braun, W. Jr
Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Co; 1993 May05.
Veterinary medicine v. 88 (5): p. 441-447; 1993 May05. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Miniature pigs; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Surgical operations
24 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
Animal suffering: the appraisal and control of depression and distress in
livestock.
Fraser, A.F.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1988 Jul.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 20 (1/2): p. 127-133; 1988 Jul. Paper
presented at the "Symposium on Animal Bio-ethics and Applied Ethology," August
1987, Montreal, Canada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal welfare; Pain; Stress; Abnormal behavior; Depression;
Bioethics
25 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992
Antinociceptive effects of intrathecal opioids and alpha 2-agonists in sheep.
Livingston, A.; Waterman, A.E.; Bouchenafa, O.; Kyles, A.
New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 281-291, 312;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Agonists; Opioids; Drug effects; Analgesics; Testing;
Anesthesia; Dosage; Xylazine; Catheterization
26 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Arterial blood gas tensions in the horse during recovery from anesthesia.
Mason, D.E.; Muir, W.W.; Wade, A.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1987 Apr15.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 190 (8): p. 989-994;
1987 Apr15. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Oxygen; Internal pressure; Respiratory gases;
Ph; Halothane; Position
27 NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6
Arterial blood Po2 and Pco2 in horses during early halothane-oxygen
anaesthesia.
Grandy, J.L.; Steffey, E.P.; Miller, M.
London : British Equine Veterinary Association; 1987 Jul.
Equine veterinary journal v. 19 (4): p. 314-318; 1987 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Halothane; Oxygen; Arteries; Blood pressure
28 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Arterial hypotension and the development of postanesthetic myopathy in
halothane-anesthetized horses.
Grandy, J.L.; Steffey, E.P.; Hodgson, D.S.; Woliner, M.J.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1987 Feb.
American journal of veterinary research v. 48 (2): p. 192-197; 1987 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Hypotension; Muscular diseases; Halothane; Adverse
effects; Anesthesia
29 NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6
Arterial-alveolar carbon dioxide tension difference and alveolar dead space in
halothane anaesthetised horses.
Moens, Y.
Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1989 Jul.
Equine veterinary journal v. 21 (4): p. 282-284; 1989 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Halothane; Arteries; Carbon dioxide; Tension
30 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
An assessment of carbon dioxide stunning in pigs.
Gregory, N.G.; Moss, B.W.; Leeson, R.H.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 Nov28.
The Veterinary record v. 121 (22): p. 517-518; 1987 Nov28. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Abattoirs; Carbon dioxide; Stunning; Vocalization;
Anesthesia; Reflexes; Carcass quality; Animal welfare; Stress
31 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Assessment of pain associated with degenerative hip disorders in adult male
turkeys.
Duncan, I.J.H.; Beatty, E.R.; Hocking, P.M.; Duff, S.R.I.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 Mar.
Research in veterinary science v. 50 (2): p. 200-203; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Turkeys; Hips; Degeneration; Joint diseases; Pain; Betamethasone;
Physical activity
32 NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6
Atelectasis causes gas exchange impairment in the anaesthetised horse.
Nyman, G.; Funkquist, B.; Kvart, C.; Frostell, C.; Tokics, L.; Strandberg, A.;
Lundquist, H.; Lundh, B.; Brismar, B.; Hedenstierna, G.
Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1990 Sep.
Equine veterinary journal v. 22 (5): p. 317-324; 1990 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Computed tomography; Atelectasis; Respiratory
disorders; Gas exchange; Lungs
33 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Atracurium as an adjunct to halothane-oxygen anesthesia in a llama undergoing
intraocular surgery: a case report.
Donaldson, L.L.; Holland, M.; Koch, S.A.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1992 Jan.
Veterinary surgery v. 21 (1): p. 76-79; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Llamas; Anesthesia; Surgical operations; Eyes; Halothane; Oxygen;
Case reports
34 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Auditory brain stem response testing in anesthetized horses.
Rolf, S.L.; Reed, S.M.; Melnick, W.; Andrews, F.M.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1987 Jun.
American journal of veterinary research v. 48 (6): p. 910-914. ill; 1987 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Brain stem; Anesthesia; Responses; Testing; Electrical
activity
35 NAL Call. No.: SF601.I4
Auriculo palpebral and palpebral nerve blocks in the horse.
Bedford, P.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 Mar.
In practice v. 9 (2): p. 63. ill; 1987 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Eyes (animal); Peripheral nerves; Blockage; Analgesics;
Ophthalmoscopy
36 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992
The balloon model for controlled abdominal pain in the horse.
Lowe, J.E.
New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 408-410, 432;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Surgical operations; Pain; Abdomen; Models; Balloons;
Apparatus; Surgical equipment
37 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
Behavioural evidence for persistant pain following partial beak amputation in
chickens.
Gentle, M.J.; Waddington, D.; Hunter, L.N.; Jones, R.B.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Aug.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 27 (1/2): p. 149-157; 1990 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hens; Debeaking; Pain; Behavior change; Drinking water;
Temperature
38 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Bilateral arytenoid cartilage paralysis after inhalation anesthesia in a
horse.
Abrahamsen, E.J.; Bohanon, T.C.; Bednarski, R.M.; Hubbell, J.A.E.; Muir, W.W.
III
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1990 Nov15.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 197 (10): p.
1363-1365; 1990 Nov15. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Adverse effects; Paralysis; Larynx; Case
studies; Peripheral nerves
39 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643
Biopsy of the bovine mammary gland.
Knight, C.H.; Hillerton, J.E.; Teverson, R.M.; Winter, A.
London : Bailliere Tindall; 1992 Mar.
British veterinary journal v. 148 (2): p. 129-132; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Mammary glands; Biopsy; Milk yield
Abstract: A technique is described for biopsy of the bovine udder, employing
sedation and local anaesthesia. Tissue samples of approximately 5 g were
obtained by electrocautery from two quarters of the udder of a cow laterally
recumbent. Care was taken to ensure complete haemostasis which was achieved by
electrocoagulation and ligation. Postoperative recovery was rapid, and loss of
yield was no greater in biopsied glands than in control glands of the same cow.
Yield from all quarters returned to preoperative levels within 48 h.
40 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Blood pressure response to tourniquet use in anesthetized horses.
Copland, V.S.; Hildebrand, S.V.; Hill, T. III; Wong, P.; Brock, N.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1989 Oct15.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 195 (8): p.
1097-1103; 1989 Oct15. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Surgery; Veterinary equipment; Blood pressure
41 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Bronchoalveolar lavage of the live anaesthetised sheep.
Burrells, C.; Williams, J.T.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 Jan.
Research in veterinary science v. 42 (1): p. 109-112. ill; 1987 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Bronchi; Washing; Laboratory techniques; Anesthesia;
Catheters; Endoscopy; Body fluids; Leukocytes
42 NAL Call. No.: SF951.E62
Butorphanol or xylazine premedication with halothane anesthesia in the horse.
Matthews, N.S.; Smith, J.R.; Gallagher, L.V.
Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Pub. Co; 1987 Mar.
Equine practice v. 9 (3): p. 7-11; 1987 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Halothane; Xylazine; Blood pressure; Blood ph;
Gases
43 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AU72
Caecal overload and rupture in the horse.
Hilbert, B.J.; Little, C.B.; Bolton, J.R.; McGill, C.A.
Brunswick, Victoria : Australian Veterinary Association; 1987 Mar.
Australian veterinary journal v. 64 (3): p. 85-86; 1987 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Cecum; Rupture; Anesthesia; Intestine motility
44 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Capnographic monitoring during anesthesia with controlled ventilation in the
horse.
Cribb, P.H.
Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Co; 1988 Jan.
Veterinary surgery v. 17 (1): p. 48-52; 1988 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Monitoring; Ventilation
45 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Cardiopulmonary effects of a tiletamine-zolazepam combination in sheep.
Lagutchik, M.S.; Januszkiewicz, A.J.; Dodd, K.T.; Martin, D.G.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Sep.
American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (9): p. 1441-1447; 1991 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Injectable anesthetics; Anesthesia; Heart; Lungs;
Physiological functions
Abstract: To assess the effects on heart and lung function, a
tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) anesthetic combination was evaluated in 10
Dorset-type ewes. Ewes were randomly allotted to 2 equal groups. Ewes of
groups 1 and 2 were given a single bolus of TZ (12 and 24 mg/kg of body
weight, IV, respectively) at time zero. Hemodynamic, pulmonary, and
ventilation variables were measured at 15-minute intervals to 120 minutes.
Blood gas variables were evaluated at 5-minute intervals for the first 30
minutes, then at 15-minute intervals to 120 minutes. In all sheep, TZ
administration induced rapid, smooth induction, with gradual and unremarkable
recovery. Anesthesia duration was not significantly different between groups
(mean +/- SD, 39 +/- 5 and 40 +/- 14 minutes for groups 1 and 2,
respectively). Immediate drug effects included apnea, decreased mean arterial
blood pressure, and arterial hypoxemia. Cardiac output was significantly
decreased in both groups at all times after drug administration. Significant
changes in group-1 ewes included increased pulmonary and systemic vascular
resistances and decreased inspired minute ventilation, tidal volume, and
respiratory airflow. Significant changes in group-2 ewes included increased
systemic vascular resistance and decreased pulmonary arterial pressure,
inspired minute ventilation, and respiratory airflow. Both drug dosages
induced apneustic breathing patterns and caused significant changes in
arterial and venous blood hemoglobin concentrations and PCV.
Tiletamine-zolazepam is useful for intermediate-duration anesthesia in sheep.
However, because of alterations in cardiopulmonary function, its use at the
dosages evaluated by us is not recommended in studies, in which minimal
effects on heart and lung function are required, or in sheep with compromised
heart or lung function.
46 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63
Cardiopulmonary effects of ephedrine in halothane-anesthetized horses.
Grandy, J.L.; Hodgson, D.S.; Dunlop, C.I.; Chapman, P.L.; Heath, R.B.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1989 Dec.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 12 (4): p. 389-396; 1989
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Ephedrine; Halothane; Anesthesia; Cardiac output; Blood
pressure
47 NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6
Cardiopulmonary effects of epidurally administered xylazine in the horse.
Leblanc, P.H.; Eberhart, S.W.
Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1990 Nov.
Equine veterinary journal v. 22 (6): p. 389-391; 1990 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Cardiovascular system; Xylazine; Analgesics; Conduction
anesthesia; Blood pressure
48 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Cardiopulmonary effects of nalbuphine hydrochloride and butorphanol tartrate in
sheep.
O'Hair, K.O.; Dodd, K.T.; Phillips, Y.Y.; Beattie, R.J.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Feb.
Laboratory animal science v. 38 (1): p. 58-61; 1988 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Analgesics; Drug effects; Cardiovascular system;
Respiration
Abstract: The cardiopulmonary, sedative and analgesic effects of butorphanol
tartrate and nalbuphine hydrochloride were evaluated in six adult crossbred
Dorset sheep (Ovis aries). The animals were divided randomly into two groups of
three. The first group received butorphanol tartrate (o.5mg/Kg s.c.)
followed in three days by nalbuphine hydrochloride (Img/Kg, s.c.). The second
group received nalbuphine followed in three days by butorphanol.
Cardiopulmonary parameters were evaluated at baseline (once the animal had
accomodated to restraint); immediately following analgesic administration; and
at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after analgesic administration. No
significant changes (alpha greater than .05) from baseline were seen inany of
the measured cardiopulmonary parameters from either the butorphanol or
nalbuphine groups. Butorphanol produced the most dramatic analgesic and
sedative effects with onset of both within 15 minutes of administration and
peak effects occurring 30 minutes post injection. The degree of analgesia was
diminished at 120 minutes while the sedative effect returned to near baseline
by 90 minutes. The nalbuphine group also showed an onset of analgesia 15
minutes post injection reaching a peak effect after 30 minutes. However, onset
of sedation occurred 30 minutes post injection achieving a peak effect at 60
minutes which was markedly less than that of butorphanol. As in the
butorphanol group, analgesia was diminished at 120 minutes.
49 NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6
Cardiopulmonary effects of xylazine sedation in the foal.
Carter, S.W.; Robertson, S.A.; Steel, C.J.; Jourdenais, D.A.
Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1990 Nov.
Equine veterinary journal v. 22 (6): p. 384-388; 1990 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Foals; Cardiovascular system; Xylazine; Analgesics
50 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63
Cardiopulmonary function during 5 hours of constant-dose isoflurane in
laterally recumbent, spontaneously breathing horses.
Steffey, E.P.; Hodgson, D.S.; Dunlop, C.I.; Miller, M.F.; Woliner, M.J.;
Heath, R.B.; Grandy, J.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1987 Dec.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 10 (4): p. 290-297; 1987
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Respiration; Heart output; Drug
effects
51 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992
Cardiorespiratory and MAC-reducing effects of alpha-2-adrenoreceptoragonists in
horses.
Muir, W.W.; Wagner, A.E.; Hinchcliff, K.W.
New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 102-212; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Agonists; Analgesics; Drug effects; Anesthetics; Heart
rate; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system; Xylazine; Alpha-adrenergic
receptors
52 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63
Cardiovascular and allied acations of xylazine and atropine in the
unanaesthetized goat.
Kokkonen, U.M.; Eriksson, L.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1987 Mar.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 10 (1): p. 11-16; 1987
Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Goats; Xylazine; Atropine; Anesthetics; Adverse effects;
Cardiovascular system
53 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of inspired oxygen fraction in
halothane-anesthetized horses.
Cuvelliez, S.G.; Eicker, S.W.; McLauchlan, C.; Brunson, D.B.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Aug.
American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (8): p. 1226-1231; 1990 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Halothane; Anesthesia; Oxygen; Respiratory system;
Cardiovascular system
Abstract: Anesthesia of equids is associated with pulmonary dysfunction.
Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of inhalation anesthetic agents and
duration of anesthesia have been studied, using oxygen as the carrier gas. To
our knowledge, the effects of inspired oxygen have not been determined. We
studied the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of 2 inspired oxygen
fractions (0.30 and > 0.85) in 5 laterally recumbent, halothane-anesthetized
horses. Mean systemic arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, central venous
pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, arterial pH, and arterial base excess
were similar in horses of the 2 groups during 4 hours of anesthesia at
constant end-tidal halothane concentration. End-tidal partial pressure of CO2,
arterial partial pressure of CO2 and O2, and alveolar-to-arterial O2 tension
difference were greater in horses exposed to the higher oxygen concentration.
On the basis of the data obtained, we suggest that greater hypoventilation and
ventilation/perfusion mismatch occur when horses are breathing high-oxygen
fraction. Arterial partial pressure of O2 was not different between the 2
groups of horses after they were disconnected from the anesthesia circuit and
allowed to breathe room air. Horses recovered from anesthesia without
complications.
54 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Cardiovascular and respiratory measurementss in awake and
isoflurane-anesthetized horses.
Steffey, E.P.; Dunlop, C.I.; Farver, T.B.; Woliner, M.J.; Schultz, L.J.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1987 Jan.
American journal of veterinary research v. 48 (1): p. 7-12; 1987 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Oxygen; Blood pressure; Heart
output; Heart rate; Respiration rate
55 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Cardiovascular effects of a ketamine-medetomidine combination that produces
deep sedation in Yucatan mini swine.
Vainio, O.M.; Bloor, B.C.; Kim, C.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Dec.
Laboratory animal science v. 42 (6): p. 582-588; 1992 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Miniature pigs; Anesthetics; Cardiovascular system
Abstract: Seven chronically instrumented Yucatan minipigs were deeply sedated
with the combination of ketamine (10 mg/kg), a dissociative anesthetic, and
medetomidine (0.2 mg/kg), an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist used as an animal
sedative in Europe. Both drugs were drawn in the same syringe and administered
in the left atrium via a previously inserted permanent catheter. As a result,
hypertension (mean arterial pressure from 116 +/- 12 mmHg to 142 +/- 18 mmHg)
occurred and was followed by bradycardia (from 107 +/- 22 bpm to 71 +/- 9 bpm).
Concomitantly both the rate of increase in ventricular pressure (48%) and
ventricular wan thickening fraction (37%) decreased, thus indicating some
worsening of left ventricular function. Further, systemic vascular resistance
increased (290%) resulting in a reduction in cardiac output from 1.8 +/- 0.7
l/minute to 0.4 +/- 0.3 l/minute. Also, left ventricular end diastolic
pressure initially increased (maximum 10.2 +/- 10.8 mmHg) but returned to the
control level in 5 minutes. In spite of an increase in respiratory frequency
(3x), PaCO2 increased and PaO2 and pH declined. Rectal temperature decreased
from 38.4 +/- 0.9 to 36.0 +/- 0.8 degrees C. All of these changes were
transient and returned to control levels during the follow-up period (2
hours). However, epinephrine concentration was exceptionally decreased by the
drugs and stayed under the detection limit (20 pg/kg) for the entire time,
whereas norepinephrine was undetectable for 10 minutes postadministration.
Ketamine-medetomidine, administered in a dose that produced deep sedation,
induced marked but reversible changes in most of the cardiovascular variables;
there were no pedal or palpebral reflexes for 30 minutes.
56 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Cardiovascular effects of intravenous sodium penicillin, sodium cefazolin, and
sodium citrate in awake and anesthetized horses.
Hubbell, J.A.E.; Muir, W.W.; Robertson, J.T.; Sams, R.A.
Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Co; 1987 May.
Veterinary surgery v. 16 (3): p. 245-250; 1987 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Cardiovascular system; Injections; Sodium
citrate; Penicillins; Cefazolin; Drug effects
57 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Cardiovascular effects recorded in horses during anaesthesia after treatment
with trichlorfon.
Adams, J.G.; Trim, C.M.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1989 Sep.
Research in veterinary science v. 47 (2): p. 164-169; 1989 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Cardiovascular system; Trichlorfon;
Anthelmintics; Blood pressure
58 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
The cardiovascular response of sheep to tiletamine-zolazepam and butorphanol
tartrate anesthesia.
Howard, B.W.; Lagutchik, M.S.; Januszkiewicz, A.J.; Martin, D.G.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1990 Nov.
Veterinary surgery v. 19 (6): p. 461-467; 1990 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ewes; Diazepam; Anesthetics; Ketamine
59 NAL Call. No.: SF601.I4
Caudal epidural anaesthesia in the ewe.
Harris, T.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 Nov.
In practice v. 13 (6): p. 234-235; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ewes; Anesthesia
60 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24
Caudal epidural analgesia in cattle using xylazine.
Caron, J.P.; LeBlanc, P.H.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Oct.
Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche
veterinaire v. 53 (4): p. 486-489; 1989 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cows; Xylazine; Conduction anesthesia; Dosage; Duration; Perineum
61 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Caudal epidural analgesia induced by xylazine administration in cows.
St Jean, G.; Skarda, R.T.; Muir, W.W.; Hoffsis, G.F.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Aug.
American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (8): p. 1232-1236; 1990 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cows; Xylazine; Ataxia; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory
system; Rumen motility; Drug effects; Adverse effects
Abstract: Xylazine (0.05 mg/kg of body weight diluted to a 5-ml volume, using
0.9% NaCl) or 5 ml of 0.9% NaCl was administered epidurally into the first
caudal intervertebral space (Co1-Co2) in 8 cows (mean +/- SD body weight, 583
+/- 150 kg). Cows were observed for responses to deep needle pricking of the
caudal dermatomes (S3 to Co), sedation, and ataxia. Heart rate, respiratory
rate, body temperature, rate of ruminal contractions, coccygeal arterial blood
pressure, pHa, blood gas tension (Pa(O2), Pa(CO2)), base excess, total solids
concentration, and PCV were determined before and after xylazine
administration. Epidurally administered xylazine induced sedation and
selective (S3 to Co) analgesia for at least 2 hours. Mild ataxia of hind limbs
was observed in 6 cows, but all cows remained standing. Heart rate,
respiratory rate, rate of ruminal contractions, arterial blood pressure,
Pa(O2), PCV, and total solids concentration were significantly (P < 0.05)
decreased, and Pa(CO2), base excess, and bicarbonate concentration were
significantly (P < 0.05) increased after xylazine administration. Epidurally
administered 0.9% NaCl did not alter sensory perception to needle pricking and
did not affect any of the physiologic variables determined. Although epidural
administration of xylazine induced analgesia and sedation in healthy cows, it
should be avoided for epidural analgesia in cattle with heart disease, lung
disease, and/or gastrointestinal disease because of its potent cardiopulmonary
and ruminal depressant effects.
62 NAL Call. No.: SF951.E62
Challenge in equine anesthesia: a suspected allergic reaction during
acetylpromazine, guaifenesin, thiamylal, and halothane anesthesia.
Goldberg, G.P.; Short, C.E.
Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Pub. Co; 1988 Feb.
Equine practice v. 10 (2): p. 5-10. ill; 1988 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Allergies; Diagnostic techniques; Halothane;
Guaifenesin; Anesthetics; Adverse effects
63 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C81
Changes in equine carpal joint synovial fluid in response to the injection of
two local anesthetic agents.
White, K.K.; Hodgson, D.R.; Hancock, D.; Parry, B.W.; Cordell, C.
Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell Veterinarian, Inc; 1989 Jan.
Cornell veterinarian v. 79 (1): p. 25-38; 1989 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Lidocaine; Anesthetics; Injections; Carpus; Joints
(animal); Synovial fluid
64 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992
Changes in nociceptive thresholds associated with chronic pain in sheep.
Waterman, A.E.; Livingston, A.; Ley, S.J.; Brandt, S.
New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 378-385, 400;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Pain; Central nervous system; Testing; Animal experiments;
Laboratory tests
65 NAL Call. No.: SF601.J6
Changes of blood values in Przewalski horses (Equus przewalski przewalski) and
zebras (Equus zebra hartmannae) during chemical immobilization.
Kuttner, C.; Wiesner, H.
Lawrence, Kan. : The Journal; 1987.
The Journal of zoo animal medicine v. 18 (4): p. 144-147; 1987. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Przewalski's horse; Zebras; Blood chemistry; Anesthesia;
Immobilization; Neuroleptics
66 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Chemical immobilisation in ostriches (Struthio camelus) using etorphine
hydrochloride.
Samour, J.H.; Irwin-Davies, J.; Faraj, E.
London : The Association; 1990 Dec08.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 127
(23): p. 575-576. ill; 1990 Dec08. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ostriches; Immobilization; Etorphine; Anesthesia
67 NAL Call. No.: SF951.V47
Chemical restraint and analgesia in the horse.
Geiser, D.R.
Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders; 1990 Dec.
The Veterinary clinics of North America : equine practice v. 6 (3): p.
495-512; 1990 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Draft animals; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Neuroleptics;
Restraint of animals; Chloral hydrate; Opioids; Analgesics; Promazine;
Xylazine; Diazepam; Morphine; Pethidine
68 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46
Chemical restraint and general anesthesia in the draft horse.
Geiser, D.R.
Manhattan, Kan. : The Association; 1989.
Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine
Practitioners (35th): p. 461-472; 1989. Meeting held December 3-6 1989,
Boston, Massachusetts. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Draft animals; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Restraint of
animals
69 NAL Call. No.: QL750.E74
Chicks in a novel environment: effects of conspecific calls.
Vallortigara, G.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Paul Parey; 1988 Aug.
Ethology v. 78 (4): p. 341-345; 1988 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Chicks; Environment; Vocalization; Stress; Animal behavior
70 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992
Clinical assessment of analgesic effects of butorphanol in cattle.
Dodman, N.H.; Levine, H.; Court, M.H.
New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 396-399, 401;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Analgesics; Drug effects
71 NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6
Clinical evaluation of an infusion of xylazine, guaifenesin and ketamine for
maintenance of anaesthesia in horses.
Young, L.E.; Bartram, D.H.; Diamond, M.J.; Gregg, A.S.; Jones, R.S.
Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1993 Mar.
Equine veterinary journal v. 25 (2): p. 115-119; 1993 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uk; Horses; Xylazine; Anesthesia; Guaifenesin; Ketamine; Surgery
72 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46
Clinical evaluation of detomidine hydrochloride for equine reproductive
surgery.
McKinnon, A.O.; Carnevale, E.M.; Squires, E.L.; Jochle, W.
Manhattan, Kan. : The Association; 1989.
Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine
Practitioners (34th): p. 563-568; 1989. Meeting held December 4-7, 1988, San
Diego, CA. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Surgical operations; Analgesics; Reproductive organs
(animal)
73 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Clinical evaluation of romifidine/ketamine/halothane anaesthesia in horses.
Diamond, M.J.; Young, L.E.; Bartram, D.H.; Gregg, A.S.; Clutton, R.E.; Long,
K.J.; Jones, R.S.
London : The Association; 1993 Jun05.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 132
(23): p. 572-575; 1993 Jun05. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Preanesthetic medication
74 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46
Clinical experience with isoflurane anesthesia in foals and adult horses. Rose,
J.A.; Rose, E.M.; Peterson, P.R.
Manhattan, Kan. : The Association; 1989.
Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine
Practitioners (34th): p. 555-561; 1989. Meeting held December 4-7, 1988, San
Diego, CA. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Foals; Anesthesia; Halothane; Anesthetics
75 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63
Clinical investigations of halothane and isoflurane for induction and
maintenance of foal anesthesia.
Steffey, E.P.; Willits, N.; Wong, P.; Hildebrand, S.V.; Wheat, J.D.; Meagher,
D.M.; Hodgson, D.; Pascoe, J.R.; Heath, R.B.; Dunlop, C.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Sep.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 14 (3): p. 300-309; 1991
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Foals; Halothane; Inhaled anesthetics; Anesthesia; Safety; Heart
rate; Drug effects
76 NAL Call. No.: SF380.I52
Clinical observations in Shami goat kids sedated with medetomidine.
Mohammad, F.K.; Zangana, I.K.; Al-Kassim, N.A.
New York : Elsevier; 1991 Jul.
Small ruminant research v. 5 (1/2): p. 149-153; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kids; Anesthetics; Analgesics; Physiological functions; Heart
rate; Respiration rate; Body temperature; Rumen motility
77 NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6
Clinical use of epidural xylazine in the horse.
LeBlanc, P.H.; Caron, J.P.
Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1990 May.
Equine veterinary journal v. 22 (3): p. 180-181; 1990 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Conduction anesthesia; Xylazine
78 NAL Call. No.: SF951.V47
Clinical use of positive-pressure ventilation in the horse.
Shawley, R.V.; Mandsager, R.E.
Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders; 1990 Dec.
The Veterinary clinics of North America : equine practice v. 6 (3): p.
575-585; 1990 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Ventilation; Equipment; Ventilators
79 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Clinical use of the neuromuscular blocking agents atracurium and pancuronium
for equine anesthesia.
Hildebrand, S.V.; Holland, M.; Copland, V.S.; Daunt, D.; Brock, N.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1989 Jul15.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 195 (2): p. 212-219;
1989 Jul15. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Muscle relaxants; Drug effects; Surgical
operations
80 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Closed-circuit liquid injection isoflurane anesthesia in the horse.
Olson, K.N.; Klein, L.V.; Nann, L.E.; Soma, L.R.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Jan.
Veterinary surgery v. 22 (1): p. 73-78; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Horses; Anesthesia; Closed systems; Injection;
Liquids; Surgery
81 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63
Colonic alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in the pony.
Roger, T.; Ruckebusch, Y.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1987 Dec.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 10 (4): p. 310-318. ill;
1987 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Colon; Intestine motility; Prostaglandins; Xylazine;
Analgesics
82 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
A combination of methotrimeprazine, midazolam and guaiphenesin, with and
without ketamine, in an anaesthetic procedure for horses.
Luna, S.P.L.; Massone, F.; Castro, G.B.; Fantoni, D.T.; Hussni, C.A.; Aguiar,
A.J.A.
London : The Association; 1992 Jul11.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 131
(2): p. 33-35; 1992 Jul11. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Phenothiazines; Benzodiazepines; Guaifenesin; Ketamine;
Anesthesia; Drug combinations; Preanesthetic medication; Halothane; Drug
effects; Adverse effects; Cardiovascular system; Respiration
83 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46
Common complications associated with equine chemical restraint and anesthesia.
Muir, W.W. III
Manhattan, Kan. : The Association; 1990.
Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine
Practitioners. p. 259-266; 1990. Meeting held December 2-5, 1990, Lexington,
KY. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Restraint of animals; Anesthesia; Postoperative
complications
84 NAL Call. No.: SF601.I4
Common conditions of domestic pigeons.
Wallis, A.S.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 May.
In practice v. 13 (3): p. 95-100; 1991 May. Literature review. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Racing pigeons; Animal health; Laboratory diagnosis; Parasites;
Treatment; Drugs; Anesthetics; Symptoms
85 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Comparative analgesia of xylazine, xylazine/morphine, xylazine/butorphanol, and
xylazine/nalbuphine in the horse, using dental dolorimetry.
Brunson, D.B.; Majors, L.J.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1987 Jul.
American journal of veterinary research v. 48 (7): p. 1087-1091; 1987 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Analgesics; Pain; Measurement; Teeth; Drug combinations;
Xylazine
86 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Comparative efficacy of FSH-P and PMSG on superovulation in Pashmina goats.
Mahmood, S.; Koul, G.L.; Biswas, J.C.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Jun.
Theriogenology v. 35 (6): p. 1191-1196; 1991 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Goats; Goat breeds; Superovulation; Fsh; Pmsg; Embryos;
Isolation; Survival; Corpus luteum; Age; Conception; Embryo transfer;
Anesthesia; Triflupromazine; Barbiturates
Abstract: Twenty-eight Pashmina goats were utilized to study the comparative
effect of FSH-P and PMSG on superovulatory response. The effect of FSH-P
marketed by two commercial firms was compared with respect to the number of
corpora lutea and embryos recovered. The difference was found to be
nonsignificant. Superovulatory responses with FSH-P (pooled) and PMSG were
16.55 +/- 6.13 and 11.70 +/- 8.07, respectively, and the difference was
significant (P<0.02). Recovery of embryos was significantly higher (P<0.001)
with FSH-P (4.72 +/- 4.33) than with PMSG (2.50 +/- 5.02) treatment. The
superovulatory response (number of corpora lutea) and the embryo recovery rate
was better in higher age groups (4 to 6 yr) than younger goats (1.5 to 3 yr).
The embryo survival rate was higher (54.54%) for recipients operated on under a
basal anaesthetics (Triflupromazine hydrochloride USP) than for those
operated on under barbiturate anaesthesia (13.64%). The overall conception rate
was 34.09%.
87 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24
Comparative pharmacokinetics of Yohimbine in steers, horses and dogs.
Jernigan, A.D.; Wilson, R.C.; Booth, N.H.; Hatch, R.C.; Akbari, A.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Apr.
Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche
veterinaire v. 52 (2): p. 172-176; 1988 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Horses; Steers; Anesthetics; Indoles; Pharmacokinetics
88 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Comparative study of continuous lumbar segmental epidural and subarachnoid
analgesia in Holstein cows.
Skarda, R.T.; Muir, W.W.; Hubbell, J.A.E.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Jan.
American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (1): p. 39-44. ill; 1989 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Analgesics; Procaine; Administration; Injections;
Catheters; Holstein-friesian; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system
Abstract: Eight adult Holstein cows were used to compare the effects of
lumbar segmental epidural analgesia (SEA) and lumbar segmental subarachnoid
analgesia (SSA). A modified 17-gauge Huber point (Tuohy) needle was used to
place a catheter with stylet into either the epidural space at the
thoracolumbar (T13-L1) intervertebral space or the tubarachnoid space at the
lumbosacral intervertebral junction. The catheters were advanced so that their
tips lay at the anterior lumbar (L1-L2) epidural space or at the thoracolumbar
(T-13-L1) subarachnoid space. The position of the catheter was confirmed
radiographically. A 5% solution of procaine HCl was used at mean doses of 300
mg (6 ml) to induce SEA and 84.4 +/- 12.9 mg (1.7 +/-0.3 ml) to induce SSA.
Onset of analgesia to superficial and deep muscular pinprick stimulation was
significantly (P less than 0.05) faster in cows with SSA than in those with SEA
(10.4 +/- 2.3 minutes vs 15.9 +/- 3.8 minutes). Maximal thoracolumbar analgesia
extended from spinal cord segments T12 to L4 on one or both sides of the
vertebral column during SEA and from T10 to L3 on one or both sides during SSA.
Duration of analgesia lasted significantly (P less than 0.05) longer in cows
with SEA than in those with SSA (76.2 +/- 16.2 minutes vs 53.7 +/- 14.3
minutes). The advantages and disadvantages of the SEA catheter technique are
discussed.
89 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of alfentanil in rabbits, sheep, and
dogs.
Ilkiw, J.E.; Benthuysen, J.A.; McNeal, D.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Apr.
American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (4): p. 581-584; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dogs; Sheep; Rabbits; Analgesics; Pharmacokinetics; Species
differences; Anesthesia
Abstract: The central arterial pharmacokinetics of alfentanil, a short-acting
opioid agonist, were studied in rabbits, sheep, and dogs after short-duration
infusion of the drug. Alfentanil was infused until a set end point
(high-amplitude, slow-wave activity on the EEG) was reached. This required a
larger alfentanil dose and a higher alfentanil arterial concentration in
sheep, compared with rabbits and dogs. The plasma concentration-time data for
each animal were fitted, using nonlinear regression, and in all animals, were
best described by use of a triexponential function. In this study, differences
in the disposition kinetics of alfentanil among the 3 species were found for
only distribution clearance and initial distribution half-life. In dogs,
compared with rabbits and sheep, the first distribution half-life was longer,
probably because of pronounced drug-induced bradycardia (mean +/- SD, 48 +/-21
beats/min). Distribution clearance was faster in sheep, compared with dogs,
also probably because of better blood flow in sheep. Elimination half-life was
similar in all species (rabbits, 62.4 +/- 11.3 minutes; sheep, 65.1 +/- 27.1
minutes; dogs, 58.3 +/- 10.3 minutes). This rapid half-life resulted from a
small steady-state volume of distribution (rabbits, 908.3 +/- 269.0 ml/kg;
sheep, 720.0 +/- 306.7 ml/kg; dogs, 597.7 +/- 290.2 ml/kg) and rapid systemic
clearance (rabbits, 19.4 +/- 5.3 ml/min/kg; sheep, 13.3 +/- 3.0 ml/min/kg;
dogs, 18.7 +/- 7.5 ml/min/kg). On the basis of these pharmacokinetic
variables, alfentanil should have short duration of action in rabbits, sheep,
and dogs. This may be beneficial in veterinary practice where rapid recovery
would be expected after bolus administration for short procedures or after
infusion for longer procedures.
90 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Comparative study of ultrasonography and arteriography of the carotid artery of
xylazine-sedated and halothane-anesthetized goats.
Lee, S.W.; Hankes, G.H.; Purohit, R.C.; Bartels, J.E.; Cartee, R.E.; Pablo, L.;
Conti, J.C.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Jan.
American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (1): p. 109-113. ill; 1990 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Goats; Ultrasound; Diagnostic techniques; Blood vessel disorders;
Arteries; Neck; Diameter; Blood flow; Xylazine; Halothane
Abstract: The carotid artery of clinically normal goats was examined, using
duplex ultrasonography and arteriography. The diameter of the carotid artery
was measured by use of two-dimensional ultrasonography and Doppler
ultrasonography, respectively, before and after xylazine administration. The
diameter of the artery was also measured by use of an arteriography technique
in halothane-anesthetized goats. There was no significant difference between
the mean diameter of the carotid artery measured by ultrasonography in
conscious nonsedated goats and that determined by arteriography in goats under
halothane anesthesia. On the other hand, ultrasonography of xylazine-sedated
goats revealed an increase of carotid artery diameter of 20 to 30%. There was
no change in the velocity of blood flow after xylazine administration.
91 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C81
A comparison of end-tidal halothane concentrations measured at proximal and
distal ends of the endotracheal tube in the horse.
Matthews, N.S.; Hartsfield, S.M.; Cornick, J.L.; Jacobson, J.D.; Williams, J.D.
Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell Veterinarian, Inc; 1992 Jan.
Cornell veterinarian v. 82 (1): p. 21-27; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Halothane; Anesthesia; Concentration; Measurement;
Sampling
92 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
A comparison of injectable anesthetic combinations in horses.
Matthews, N.S.; Hartsfield, S.M.; Cornick, J.L.; Williams, J.D.; Beasley, A.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1991 Jul.
Veterinary surgery v. 20 (4): p. 268-273; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Injectable anesthetics; Xylazine; Drug
combinations; Ketamine
93 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
A comparison of methods for proximal palmar metacarpal analgesia in horses.
Ford, T.S.; Ross, M.W.; Orsini, P.G.
Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1989 Mar.
Veterinary surgery v. 18 (2): p. 146-150. ill; 1989 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Metacarpus; Carpus; Joints (animal); Anesthesia;
Injections; Analgesics; Infiltration
94 NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6
A comparison of responses to analgesia of the navicular bursa and
intra-articular analgesia of the distal interphalagneal joint in 59 horses.
Dyson, S.J.; Kidd, L.
Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1993 Mar.
Equine veterinary journal v. 25 (2): p. 93-98; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uk; Horses; Lameness; Analgesics; Serous bursa; Joints (animal);
Synovial fluid
95 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643
Comparison of the effects of two sets of anaesthetic agents and posture on
respiratory rate, heart rate, pH, blood gas and acid-base status in the horse.
Karimi, A.
London : Bailliere Tindall; 1987 Nov.
British veterinary journal v. 143 (6): p. 506-512; 1987 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Xylazine; Thiopental; Posture; Respiration
rate; Heart rate; Ph; Blood; Gases; Acid base equilibrium; Anesthesia
96 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63
A comparison of the sedative effects of three alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists
(romifidine, detomidine and xylazine) in the horse.
England, G.C.W.; Clarke, K.W.; Goossens, L.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1992 Jun.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 15 (2): p. 194-201; 1992
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Xylazine; Agonists; Anesthesia; Dosage; Intravenous
injection; Adverse effects
97 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992
Comparison of the thermal and mechanical antiociceptive actions of opioids and
alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonists in sheep.
Livingston, A.; Waterman, A.E.; Nolan, A.; Amin, A.
New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 372-377, 400;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Agonists; Opioids; Pain; Testing; Animal experiments;
Alpha-adrenergic receptors; Analgesics; Xylazine; Fentanyl; Pethidine;
Laboratory tests
98 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
A comparison of xylazine-diazepam-ketamine and xylazine-guaifenesin-ketamine in
equine anesthesia.
Brock, N.; Hildebrand, S.V.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1990 Nov.
Veterinary surgery v. 19 (6): p. 468-474; 1990 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Diazepam; Ketamine; Xylazine; Guaifenesin
99 NAL Call. No.: SF895.P76
Complications associated with alcohol tail-blocks in three horses.
Stewart, R.H.; Reed, S.M.; Weisbrode, S.E.
Washington, D.C. : Fidia Research Foundation; 1990.
Progress in veterinary neurology v. 1 (4): p. 476-480; 1990. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Case reports; Complications; Ethanol; Injection; Tail;
Conduction anesthesia
100 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A46
Compressed spectral analysis of the EEG as an indicator of anesthetic quality
during anesthesia for orthopedic surgery in the horses.
Short, C.E.; Ekstrom, P.M.
Lexington, Ky. : The Association; 1993.
Proceedings of the annual convention of the American Association of Equine
Practitioners. p. 69-80; 1993. Meeting helding on November 29-December 2,
1992, Orlando, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia
101 NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6
A computer-derived protocol to aid in selecting medical versus surgical
treatment of horses with abdominal pain.
Ducharme, N.G.; Pascoe, P.J.; Lumsden, J.H.; Ducharme, G.R.
Newmarket : R & W Publications; 1989 Nov.
Equine veterinary journal v. 21 (6): p. 447-450; 1989 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Abdomen; Pain; Colic; Medical treatment; Surgery;
Decision analysis; Computer analysis
102 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24
A computer-derived protocol using recursive partitioning to aid in estimating
prognosis of horses with abdominal pain in referral hospitals.
Pascoe, P.J.; Ducharme, N.G.; Ducharme, G.R.; Lumsden, J.H.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Jul.
Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche
veterinaire v. 54 (3): p. 373-378; 1990 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Colic; Abdomen; Survival; Estimation; Computer analysis
103 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Contribution of amino acid transmitters to epileptiform activity and reflex
suppression in electrically head stunned sheep.
Cook, C.J.; Devine, C.E.; Tavener, A.; Gilbert, K.V.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1992 Jan.
Research in veterinary science v. 52 (1): p. 48-56; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Stunning; Electrical treatment; Gamma-aminobutyric acid;
Amino acids; Receptors; Anesthetics; Reflexes; Convulsions
Abstract: In sheep, administration of a combination of zolazepam and
tiletamine hydrochloride resulted in a dose dependent reduction in the
duration of epileptic activity induced by an electric stun applied to the head.
The compound also lengthened the normal period of reflex suppression that
occurs after a stun. Excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists
(2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic and 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acids) also
reduced the duration of epileptic activity following an electric stun. These
drugs did not alter the time of pedal and ear pinch reflex suppression.
Administration of bicuculline (a gamma amino-4-butyric acid [GABA] receptor
antagonist) reduced the period of stun induced reflex suppression and
increased seizure duration. Administration of a GABA receptor agonist,
baclofen, increased the duration of reflex suppression. The results suggest
that the development of epileptiform-like activity following application of an
electric current to the head is dependent upon excitatory amino acid
receptors. The reflex suppression that also arises following an electric stun
is contributed to by the activation of GABA receptor mechanisms.
104 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Correlation between drug and metabolite concentrations in plasma and
anesthetic action of ketamine in swine.
Loscher, W.; Ganter, M.; Fassbender, C.P.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Mar.
American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (3): p. 391-398; 1990 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Ketamine; Anesthesia; Blood plasma; Metabolites;
Administration; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacodynamics
Abstract: Pharmacokinetic variables and metabolism of IM and IV administered
ketamine (15 mg/kg of body weight) were determined in 8 swine (2 adult sows and
6 young pigs). After IM administration, maximal plasma concentration was
rapidly reached, but peak concentration varied considerably, although
comparison with IV data for the same swine indicated that the drug was almost
completely absorbed from the musculature. After IV administration, ketamine
kinetics followed a 3-term exponential decrease, indicating rapid initial
distribution of the drug to highly vascular tissues including the brain,
followed by redistribution into less vascular tissues, and elimination.
Redistribution and elimination phases, with similar kinetics as those observed
in the IV experiment, also were determined in the IM experiment. After both
routes of administration, onset of anesthesia was rapid, and most swine
recovered consciousness during the phase of redistribution, indicating that
anesthesia is terminated by redistribution of drug from the brain into other
tissues, whereas metabolism and excretion are less important for duration of
anesthesia induced by ketamine. The time during which the swine resumed a
lateral position (sleep time) was positively correlated with plasma ketamine
concentration at onset of lateral recumbency, as well as with the area under
the plasma concentration-time curve. The minimal plasma ketamine concentration
for induction of immobilization was about 2 microgram/ml. In adult sows,
ketamine induced profound analgesia, which was not obtained in young pigs; this
difference in potency could not be related to pharmacokinetic differences
between young and adult swine. With respect to metabolism of ketamine in
swine, the major metabolite in plasma was norketamine (metabolite I), whereas a
second metabolite (metabolite II) was detected only in low concentrations.
Elimination half-life of ketamine was about 2 hours after either IM or IV
administration.
105 NAL Call. No.: SF391.P55
Creatine kinase activity in blood plasma and muscles of pigs susceptible and
resistant to halothane anaesthesia.
Poltarsky, J.; Kolataj, A.; Bulla, J.
Wallingford : Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux; 1989 Dec.
Pig news and information v. 10 (4): p. 469-472; 1989 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Creatine kinase; Enzyme activity; Blood plasma; Longissimus
dorsi; Halothane; Drug resistance; Sex differences
106 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Dental dolorimetry for the evaluation of an analgesic agent in the horse.
Brunson, D.B.; Collier, M.A.; Scott, E.A.; Majors, L.J.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1987 Jul.
American journal of veterinary research v. 48 (7): p. 1082-1086. ill; 1987 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Analgesics; Teeth; Electrodes; Pain; Measurement
107 NAL Call. No.: 475 J824
Determination of residues of carazolol and a number of tranquillizers in swine
kidney by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and
fluorescence detection.
Keukens, H.J.; Aerts, M.M.L.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1989 Feb17.
Journal of chromatography v. 464 (1): p. 149-161; 1989 Feb17. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Netherlands; Pigs; Kidneys; Drug residues; Neuroleptics;
Determination; Liquid chromatography; Fluorescence; Ultraviolet spectroscopy
108 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Determination of sensitivity to metocurine in exercised horses.
White, D.A.; Hildebrand, S.V.; Jones, J.H.; Fung, D.L.; Gronert, G.A.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 May.
American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (5): p. 757-761; 1992 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Muscle relaxants; Exercise; Pharmacokinetics;
Pharmacodynamics
Abstract: On the basis of results in dogs, conditioning exercise may increase
sensitivity to nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. Five Thoroughbreds were
exercised/conditioned 3 times weekly on a treadmill for 8 months. Increasing
maximal rate of O2 consumption verified that the horses were responding to
exercise conditioning. Six nonexercised Thoroughbreds served as the control
group. Studies were done with horses under general anesthesia by use of
halothane during partial paralysis by a brief constant-rate infusion with the
muscle relaxant, metocurine iodide. Quantification of degree of paralysis of
the hoof twitch (eg, digital extensor) occurred with simultaneous
quantification of blood values of metocurine. Pharmacokinetic and
pharmacodynamic analyses of the data were done by a nonlinear regression
program, using the Hill equation. There were no differences in findings
between exercised and nonexercised horses. The mean blood concentration for the
50% paralyzing dose of metocurine was 0.44 +/- 0.11 (SD) micrograms/ml in
exercised horses, and 0.58 +/- 0.22 micrograms/ml in nonexercised horses.
Despite evidence for a response to conditioning, a significant change in the
sensitivity of the neuromuscular junction to metocurine was not found.
109 NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6
Detomidine (Domosedan) in foals: sedative and analgesic effects.
Oijala, M.; Katila, T.
London : British Equine Veterinary Association; 1988 Sep.
Equine veterinary journal v. 20 (5): p. 327-330; 1988 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Foals; Neuroleptics; Analgesics; Drug effects; Heart rate; Body
weight
110 NAL Call. No.: SF951.J65
Detomidine hydrochloride versus xylazine plus morphine as sedative and
analgesic agents for flank laparotomies and ovary and oviduct removal in
standing mares.
Jochle, W.; Woods, G.L.; Little, T.V.; Hillman, R.B.; Ball, B.A.
Lake Elsinore, Calif. : William E. Jones, DVM; 1991 Jul.
Journal of equine veterinary science v. 11 (4): p. 225-228; 1991 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Mares; Reproductive disorders; Ovariectomy; Oviducts;
Surgical operations; Analgesics; Xylazine; Morphine; Laparotomy
111 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Detomidine-butorphanol sedation in equine clinical practice.
Taylor, P.M.; Browning, A.P.; Harris, C.P.
London : The Association; 1988 Oct08.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 123
(15): p. 388-390; 1988 Oct08. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Drug combinations; Adverse
effects
112 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of
phenothiazine tranquillisers in horses.
Smith, M.L.; Chapman, C.B.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 May.
Research in veterinary science v. 42 (3): p. 415-417; 1987 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Phenothiazines; Neuroleptics; Enzyme linked immunosorbent
assay; Detection
113 NAL Call. No.: SF955.E6
Dose related effects of the kappa agonist U-50, 488H on behaviour, nociception
and autonomic response in the horse.
Kamerling, S.; Weckman, T.; Donahoe, J.; Tobin, T.
London : British Equine Veterinary Association; 1988 Mar.
Equine veterinary journal v. 20 (2): p. 114-118; 1988 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Analgesics; Dosage effect; Animal behavior; Autonomic
nervous system; Neurotropic drugs
114 NAL Call. No.: SF951.J65
Dose selection for detomidine as a sedative and analgesic in horses with colic
from controlled and open clinical studies.
Jochle, W.
Lake Elsinore, Calif. : William E. Jones, DVM; 1990 Jan.
Journal of equine veterinary science v. 10 (1): p. 6-11; 1990 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Colic; Analgesics; Drug effects; Dosage effects; Duration
115 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Dynamic baroreflex sensitivity in anesthetized horses, maintained at 1.25 to
1.3 minimal alveolar concentration of halothane.
Hellyer, P.W.; Dodam, J.R.; Light, G.S.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Oct.
American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (10): p. 1672-1675; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Heart rate; Blood pressure; Reflexes;
Xylazine; Ketamine; Halothane; Vasoconstrictor agents
Abstract: Dynamic baroreflex sensitivity for increasing arterial pressure
(DBSI) was used to quantitatively assess the effects of anesthesia on the heart
rate/arterial pressure relationship during rapid (less than or equal to 2
minutes) pressure changes in the horse. Anesthesia was induced with IV
administration of xylazine and ketamine and maintained with halothane at a
constant end-tidal concentration of 1.1 to 1.2% (1.25 to 1.3 minimal alveolar
concentration). Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was increased a minimum of 30
mm of Hg in response to an IV bolus injection of phenylephrine HCl. Linear
regression was used to determine the slope of the R-R interval/SAP
relationship. During dynamic increases in SAP, a significant correlation
between R-R interval and SAP was observed in 8 of 8 halothane-anesthetized
horses. Correlation coefficients between R-R interval and sap were > 0.80 in 5
of 8 horses. Mean (+/- SD) DBSI was 4.8 +/- 3.4 ms/mm of Hg in anesthetized
horses. A significant correlation between R-R interval and SAP was observed in
only 3 of 6 awake horses during dynamic increases in SAP. Lack of correlation
between R-R interval and SAP in 3 of 6 awake horses indicated that rapidly
increasing SAP with an IV phenylephrine bolus is a poor method to evaluate
baroreceptor-mediated heart rate changes in awake horses. Reflex slowing of
heart rate in response to a rising arterial pressure appeared to have been
overridden by the effects of excitement. Mean (+/- SD) DBSI (3 horses) was 7.3
+/- 3.3 ms/mm of Hg in awake horses.
116 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effect of body posture on cardiopulmonary function in horses during five hours
of constant-dose halothane anesthesia.
Steffey, E.P.; Kelley, A.B.; Hodgson, D.S.; Grandy, J.L.; Woliner, M.J.;
Willits, N.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Jan.
American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (1): p. 11-16; 1990 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Posture; Halothane; Anesthesia; Cardiovascular system;
Respiratory system
Abstract: Cardiovascular and respiratory functions were serially
characterized in 7 healthy, spontaneously breathing, adult horses (from which
food had been withheld) during 5 hours of constant 1.06% alveolar halothane
(end-expired halothane concentration of 1.06%; equivalent to 1.2 times the
minimal alveolar anesthetic concentration for horses). To enable comparison of
temporal results in relation to 2 body postures, horses were studied in
lateral recumbency (LR) and dorsal recumbency (DR) on separate occasions.
Temporal changes in results of measures of circulation previously reported from
this laboratory for horses in LR were confirmed (ie, a time-related
increase in systemic arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume,
and PCV). During DR, systemic arterial blood pressure was initially
significantly (P < 0.05) greater and pulmonary artery pressure less than
results at comparable periods during LR. Differences ceased to exist with
duration of anesthesia. Except for a greater heart rate at hour 5 of DR, no
other significant differences in circulation were found between LR and DR. In
general, except for PaO2, measures of ventilation did not change with time in
either LR or DR. The PaO2 was significantly greater during LR, compared with
DR, but the average did not change significantly with time in either body
posture.
117 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992
Effect of buffered lidocaine on epidural anesthesia in cattle.
Riebold, T.W.; Hawkins, J.K.; Crisman, R.O.
New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 303-306,
313-315; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Anesthesia; Lidocaine; Local anesthetics
118 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Effect of carbon dioxide stunning on somatosensory evoked potentials in hens.
Mohan Raj, A.B.; Gregory, N.G.; Wotton, S.B.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1990 Nov.
Research in veterinary science v. 49 (3): p. 355-359. ill; 1990 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fowls; Hens; Stunning; Carbon dioxide; Electroencephalograms;
Convulsions; Animal welfare; Anesthesia; Consciousness
119 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Effect of clenbuterol an arterial oxygen tension in the anaesthetised horse.
Gleed, R.D.; Dobson, A.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1990 May.
Research in veterinary science v. 48 (3): p. 331-337; 1990 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Oxygen; Arteries; Partial pressure; Position;
Drugs
120 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effect of halothane, isoflurane, and pentobarbital anesthesia on myocardial
irritability in chickens.
Greenlees, K.J.; Clutton, R.E.; Larsen, C.T.; Eyre, P.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 May.
American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (5): p. 757-758; 1990 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Chickens; Anesthesia; Halothane; Anesthetics; Pentobarbital;
Myocardium; Adverse effects
Abstract: The relative myocardial irritant properties of halothane,
isoflurane, and pentobarbital were evaluated in chickens. Sixteen adult male
broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: group-1 chickens were
anesthetized with pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, IV), group-2 chickens were
anesthetized with halothane (end tidal halothane 1.2%), and group-3 chickens
were anesthetized with isoflurane (end tidal isoflurane 2.1%). Birds in any 2
of the 3 treatment groups were tested on any 1 day. Local anesthesia was
induced, and blood pressure, heart rate, ECG, and blood gas variables were
measured before general anesthesia was induced. Positive-pressure ventilation
with an inspired O2 fraction > 0.95 was adjusted to result in an end tidal CO2
concentration that reflected a PaCO2 similar to that obtained prior to
anesthesia and ventilation. All measurements were repeated. The threshold for
ventricular fibrillation in response to electrical stimulation of the heart was
then determined for all birds. Effects of anesthesia on hemodynamic and blood
gas variables were similar in all 3 groups. Compared with halothane or
pentobarbital, isoflurane anesthesia resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05)
lower threshold for electrical fibrillation of the heart.
121 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Effect of halothane on bronchial calibre of anaesthetised cattle.
Watney, G.C.G.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 Jan03.
The Veterinary record v. 120 (1): p. 9-12; 1987 Jan03. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Halothane; Anesthesia; Bronchi; Volume; Respiration
pathways; Xylazine; Diameter
122 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effect of high PaCO2 and time on cerebrospinal fluid and intraocular pressure
in halothane-anesthetized horses.
Cullen, L.K.; Steffey, E.P.; Bailey, C.S.; Kortz, G.; Da Silva Curiel, J.;
Bellhorn, R.W.; Woliner, M.J.; Elliott, A.R.; Jarvis, K.A.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Feb.
American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (2): p. 300-304; 1990 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Halothane; Hypercapnia; Carbon dioxide;
Partial pressure; Timing; Cerebrospinal fluid; Eyes (animal); Internal
pressure
Abstract: The effects of different arterial carbon dioxide tensions (PaCO2) on
cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were studied
in 6 male halothaneanesthetized horses positioned in left lateral recumbency.
Steady-state anesthetic conditions (1.06% end-tidal halothane concentration)
commenced 60 minutes following anesthetic induction with only halothane in
oxygen. During atracurium neuromuscular blockade, horses were ventilated, and
respiratory rate and peak inspiratory airway pressure were maintained within
narrow limits. The CSFP and IOP were measured at 3 different levels of PaCO2
(approx 40, 60, and 80 mm of Hg). The PaCO2 sequence in each horse was
determined from a type of switchback design with the initial PaCO2 (period 1),
established 30 minutes after the commencement of steady-state anesthesia, being
repeated in the middle (period 3) and again at the end
(period 5) of the experiment. Measurements taken from the middle 3 periods (2,
3, and 4) would form a Latin square design replicated twice. The interval
between each period was approximately 45 minutes. Data from periods 2, 3, and 4
indicated that CSFP (P < 0.05) and mean systemic arterial pressure increased
significantly (P < 0.05) with high PaCO2. Mean central venous pressure, heart
rate, and IOP did not change significantly during these same conditions.
Measurements taken during periods 1, 3, and 5 were compared to assess the time-
related responses to anesthesia and showed a significant increase in CSFP, a
significant decrease in mean central venous pressure, and a small (but not
statistically significant) increase in mean systemic arterial pressure.
123 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effect of hypercapnia on the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine in horses
anesthetized with guaifenesin, thiamylal sodium, and halothane.
Gaynor, J.S.; Bednarski, R.M.; Muir, W.W. III
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Feb.
American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (2): p. 315-321; 1993 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Hypercapnia; Epinephrine; Dosage; Anesthesia;
Guaifenesin; Halothane; Inhaled anesthetics; Arrhythmia
Abstract: The effect of hypercapnia on the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine
(ADE) was investigated in 14 horses. Anesthesia was induced with guaifenesin
and thiamylal sodium and was maintained at an end-tidal halothane
concentration between 0.86 and 0.92%. Base-apex ECG, cardiac output, and
facial artery blood pressure were measured and recorded. The ADE was
determined at normocapnia (arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide
[Pa(CO2)] = 35 to 45 mm of Hg), at hypercapnia (Pa(CO2) = 70 to 80 mm of Hg),
and after return to normocapnia. Epinephrine was infused at arithmetically
spaced increasing rates (initial rate = 0.25 micrograms/kg of body weight/min)
for a maximum of 10 minutes. The ADE was defined as the lowest epinephrine
infusion rate, to the nearest 0.25 micrograms/kg/min, at which 4 premature
ventricular complexes occurred in a 15-second period. The ADE (mean +/- SD)
during hypercapnia (1.04 +/- 0.23 micrograms/kg/min) was significantly (P <
0.05) less than the ADE at normocapnia (1.35 +/- 0.38 micrograms/kg/min),
whereas the ADE after return to normocapnia (1.17 +/- 0.22 micrograms/kg/min)
was not significantly different from those during normocapnia or hypercapnia.
Baseline systolic and diastolic arterial pressures and cardiac output
decreased after return to normocapnia. Significant differences were not found
in arterial partial pressure of O2 (Pa(O2)) or in base excess during the
experiment. Two horses developed ventricular fibrillation and died during
normocapnic determinations of ADE. Hypercapnia was associated with an
increased risk of developing ventricular arrhythmias in horses anesthetized
with guaifenesin, thiamylal sodium, and halothane.
124 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Effect of hypercapnia or xylazine on lateral ventricle and lumbosacral
cerebrospinal fluid pressures in pentobarbital-anesthetized horses.
Moore, R.M.; Trim, C.M.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Mar.
Veterinary surgery v. 22 (2): p. 151-158; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Cerebrospinal fluid; Anesthesia
125 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 SO8
The effect of lateral and dorsal recumbency on cardiopulmonary function in the
anaesthetised horse.
Stegmann, G.F.; Littlejohn, A.
Pretoria : The Association; 1987 Mar.
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association; Tydskrif van die
Suid-Afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging v. 58 (1): p. 21-27; 1987 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Position; Body weight; Heart output;
Ventilation; Physiological functions; Heart; Lungs
126 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643
The effect of pentobarbitone sodium anaesthesia on plasma LH, cortisol and
testosterone in goats.
Mohamed, F.H.A.; Cox, J.E.
London : Bailliere Tindall; 1987 Nov.
British veterinary journal v. 143 (6): p. 513-519; 1987 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Goats; Pentobarbital; Anesthesia; Blood plasma; Lh; Cortisol;
Testosterone
127 NAL Call. No.: QL876.B5
The effect of stage of estrous cycle and follicular maturation on ovarian
inhibin production in sheep.
Campbell, B.K.; McNeilly, A.S.; Mann, G.E.; Baird, D.T.
Champaign, Ill. : Society for the Study of Reproduction; 1991 Mar.
Biology of reproduction v. 44 (3): p. 483-490; 1991 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ewes; Ovulation; Graafian follicles; Estrus; Granulosa cells; Cell
culture; Cloprostenol; Fsh; Lh; Inhibin; Estradiol; Androstenedione;
Testosterone; Hormone secretion
Abstract: Twenty-four Scottish Blackface ewes (mean weight 50.0 +/- 0.1 kg
with ovulation rate 1.3 +/- 0.1) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6
animals. Under general anesthesia, following the collection of a timed sample
of ovarian venous blood, the ovaries of these animals were collected either on
Day 10 of the luteal phase or 12, 24, and 48 h after a luteolytic dose of a
prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha analogue (cloprostenol 100 microgram i.m.)
administered on Day 10. All follicles greater than 3 mm were dissected from the
ovaries and incubated in Medium 199 (M199) at 37 degrees C for 2 h,
following which the granulosa cells were harvested and incubated in triplicate
for 24 h in M199 with or without ovine FSH or ovine LH. Plasma and culture
media samples were assayed for inhibin, estradiol (E2), androstenedione (A4),
and testosterone (T) by specific RIA. After correcting for hematocrit, ovarian
secretion rates were calculated from the product of the plasma concentration
and flow rate. The rate of ovarian inhibin secretion during the luteal phase
was similar from ovaries categorized on the basis of presence of luteal tissue
(1.0 +/- 0.3 and 0.9 +/- 0.5 ng/min for CL present and absent, respectively),
confirming that the ovine CL does not secrete appreciable amounts of inhibin.
Inhibin secretion was higher (p < 0.05) at 12 h after PG-induced luteolysis but
not at 24 or 48 h compared to values for luteal phase control ewes.
Although ovaries containing large estrogenic follicles (greater than or equal
to 4 mm in diameter and classified as estrogenic from in vitro criteria)
secreted the most inhibin (55%; p < 0.05), both ovaries containing large
nonestrogenic follicles (33%) and small (11%; <4 mm in diameter) follicles
secreted appreciable amounts of inhibin. This contrasted strongly with E2 where
>80% of the steroid was secreted by large estrogenic follicles. The rate of
ovarian inhibin secretion was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the rate of
E2, A4, and T secretion.
128 NAL Call. No.: 421 J828
Effect of the anesthetizing agent triethylamine on western equine
encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viral titers in mosquitoes
(Diptera: Culicidae).
Kramer, L.D.; Presser, S.B.; Houk, E.J.; Hardy, J.L.
Lanham, Md. : The Entomological Society of America; 1990 Nov.
Journal of medical entomology v. 27 (6): p. 1008-1110; 1990 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Aedes dorsalis; Culex tarsalis; Anesthesia; Arboviruses; Disease
vectors; Public health; St. louis encephalitis virus; Triethylamine; Western
equine encephalitis virus
129 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63
The effect of the organophosphate trichlorfon on the neuromuscular blocking
activity of atracurium in halothane-anesthetized horses.
Hildebrand, S.V.; Hill, T.; Holland, M.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1989 Sep.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 12 (3): p. 277-282; 1989
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Trichlorfon; Halothane; Anesthesia; Muscle relaxants
130 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effect of withholding feed on ventilation and the incidence of regurgitation
during halothane anesthesia of adult cattle.
Blaze, C.A.; LeBlanc, P.H.; Robinson, N.E.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Dec.
American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (12): p. 2126-2129; 1988 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle; Halothane; Anesthesia; Restricted feeding; Ventilation;
Vomiting; Gases; Lungs
Abstract: Six cows were anesthetized for 90 minutes with 1.5 minimal alveolar
concentrations of halothane in oxygen, after 48 hours without food and 12 hours
without water. On a separate occasion, the cows were allowed access to feed and
water up to the time of induction of anesthesia, with the sequence of feeding
vs fasting randomized. Every 15 minutes, measurements were made of end-tidal
halothane concentration, arterial blood gas tensions, mean arterial blood
pressure, heart and respiratory rates, tidal volume, minute volume, airflow
rate, and transpulmonary pressure, and calculations were made of
dynamic compliance and pulmonary resistance. Any regurgitation was recorded.
Hypoventilation was noticed in all cows, but to a greater degree in fed cows.
Fed cows became hypoxemic, whereas arterial oxygen tension did not change in
nonfed cows. Alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient, tidal volume, and
minute volume did not change. Arterial pH decreased progressively in all cows.
Dynamic compliance also decreased progressively in all cows, and was
consistently lower in fed cows. Pulmonary resistance tended to increase in all
cows, but the increase was significant only in fed cows at 90 minutes. All fed
cows became tympanitic, and 2 cows regurgitated a small volume of fluid at 55
minutes. Three nonfed cows regurgitated larger volumes at times ranging from 8
minutes to 85 minutes.
131 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effect of xylazine on the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine in
thiamylal/halothane-anesthetized horses.
Gaynor, J.S.; Bednarski, R.M.; Muir, W.W. III
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Dec.
American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (12): p. 2350-2354; 1992 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthetics; Drug combinations; Drug effects
Abstract: The effect of xylazine on the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine
(ADE) was studied in 9 horses. Anesthesia was induced by administration of
guaifenesin (50 mg/kg of body weight, IV) followed by thiamylal (4 to 6 mg/kg,
IV) and was maintained at 1 minimal alveolar concentration MAC) of halothane
(0.89%). Base apex ECG and facial artery pressure were recorded. Epinephrine
was infused in a sequence of arithmetically spaced increasing rates (initial
rate 0.25 (Lg/kg/min) for a maximum of 10 minutes. The ADE was defined as the
lowest epinephrine infusion rate to the nearest 0.25 microgram/kg/min at which
at least 4 premature ventricular depolarizations occurred in a 15-second
period. Xylazine (1.1 mg/kg, IV) was administered after the control ADE was
determined. Xylazine did not significantly alter the ADE (control, 1.12 +/-0.38
microgram/kg/min; xylazine, 1.21 +/- 0.46 microgram/kg/min). Blood
pressure increased transiently for 8 minutes after xylazine administration.
Baseline systolic and diastolic arterial pressures and heart rate were not
significantly different from control baseline pressures and heart rate 15
minutes after xylazine administration. Blood pressure and heart rate increased
significantly during control and xylazine ADE determinations. Significant
differences in pH, PaO2, PaCO2, or base excess were not observed between
baseline and ADE in the control or xylazine groups. One horse developed atrial
fibrillation, and 2 horses developed ventricular fibrillation during ADE
determinations.
132 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effects of a highly concentrated hypertonic saline-dextran volume expander on
cardiopulmonary function in anesthetized normovolemic horses.
Moon, P.F.; Snyder, J.R.; Haskins, S.C.; Perron, P.R.; Kramer, G.C.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Oct.
American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (10): p. 1611-1618; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Fluid therapy; Saline water; Dextran; Solutions;
Anesthesia; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system; Adverse effects
Abstract: Conventional fluid resuscitation is unsatisfactory in a small
percentage of equine emergency surgical cases because the large volumes of
fluids required cannot be given rapidly enough to adequately stabilize the
horse. In anesthetized horses, the volume expansion and cardiopulmonary
effects of a small volume of highly concentrated hypertonic saline-dextran
solution were evaluated as an alternative initial fluid choice. Seven
halothane-anesthetized, laterally recumbent, spontaneously ventilating,
normovolemic horses were treated with a 25% NaCl-24% dextran 70 solution (HSD)
at a dosage of 1.0 ml/kg of body weight, IV, infused over 10 minutes, and the
effects were measured for 120 minutes after infusion. Plasma volume expansion
was rapid and significant (from 36.6 +/- 4.6 ml/kg to 44.9 +/- 4.8 ml/kg) and
remained significantly expanded for the duration of the experiment. Packed cell
volume, total blood hemoglobin, and plasma protein concentrations
significantly decreased, confirming rapid and sustained volume expansion with
hemodilution. Cardiac index and stroke index immediately increased and
remained high for the entire study (from 69.6 +/- 15.3 ml/min/kg to 106.6 +/-
28.4 ml/min/kg, and from 1.88 t 0.49 ml/beat/kg to 2.50 +/- 0.72 ml/beat/kg,
respectively). Systemic vascular resistance significantly decreased
immediately after HSD infusion and remained decreased for the duration of the
study (from 1.41 +/- 0.45 mm of Hg/ml/min/kg to 0.88 t 0.22 mm of
Hg/ml/min/kg). Arterial and venous blood oxygen content decreased
significantly because of hemodilution, but actual oxygen transport transiently
increased at the 10-minute measurement before returning toward baseline.
Plasma osmolality and sodium significantly increased and remained high for the
entire 120 minutes (from 293 +/- 2 osm/L to 326 +/- 9 mosm/L, and from 142.8
+/- 3.3 mM/L to 159.0 +/- 6.2 mM/L, respectively). Urine output increased in 5
of 7 horses within minutes of HSD infusion, but the mean increase was
133 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992
The effects of alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonist analgesia on the central nervous
system in an equine model.
Short, C.E.; Kallfelz, F.A.; Otto, K.; Otto, B.; Wallace, R.
New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992.
Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 421-430,
433-434; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Pain; Models; Alpha-adrenergic receptors; Agonists;
Analgesics; Drug effects
134 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Effects of an infusion of dopamine on the cardiopulmonary effects of
Escherichia coli endotoxin in anaesthetised horses.
Trim, C.M.; Moore, J.N.; Hardee, M.M.; Hardee, G.E.; Slade, E.A.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 Jan.
Research in veterinary science v. 50 (1): p. 54-63; 1991 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Endotoxins; Escherichia coli; Dopamine; Halothane;
Anesthesia; Cardiovascular system; Toxemia
135 NAL Call. No.: 421 J828
Effects of anesthetization and storage temperature on bluetongue virus
recovery from Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and sheep
blood.
Work, T.M.; Sawyer, M.M.; Jessup, D.A.; Washino, R.K.; Osburn, B.I.
Lanham, Md. : The Entomological Society of America; 1990 May.
Journal of medical entomology v. 27 (3): p. 331-333; 1990 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Cervidae; Infection; Bluetongue virus; Blood; Anesthesia;
Field experimentation; Storage; Temperature; Culicoides variipennis; Disease
vectors; Light traps
136 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63
Effects of anti-inflammatory analgesic drugs and muscarinic receptor blocking
agents on appetite in the pig.
Bowden, H.C.; Sharman, D.F.; Stephens, D.B.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1987 Sep.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 10 (3): p. 269-272; 1987
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pigs; Appetite; Analgesics; Antiinflammatory agents;
Pharmacodynamics; Statistical analysis
137 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effects of atracurium administered by continuous intravenous infusion in
halothane-anesthetized horses.
Hildebrand, S.V.; Hill, T. III
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Dec.
American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (12): p. 2124-2126; 1989 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Muscle relaxants; Injections; Halothane; Anesthesia;
Adverse effects
Abstract: Atracurium (0.4 mg/ml in isotonic NaCl solution) was administered by
IV infusion to 7 healthy adult horses for 2 hours. Over the 2-hour period, a 95
to 99% reduction of train-of-four hoof-twitch response was maintained by 0.17
+/- 0.01 mg of atracurium/kg of body weight/h, for a total of 161 +/- 6 mg of
atracurium (mean +/- SEM) for horses 1 to 4, 6, and 7. Horse 5, a mare in
estrus, required 0.49 mg of atracurium/kg/h to maintain comparable
relaxation. Hoof-twitch recovery time from 10 to 75% of baseline strength was
19.8 +/- 2.5 minutes for all horses. The 10 to 75% recovery time for horse 5
was 18 minutes. Recovery time from discontinuation of halothane until standing
was 86 +/- 14 minutes (range, 55 to 165 minutes). Horse 5 had a 165-minute
recovery. Regarding recovery from anesthesia, 3 recoveries were rated as
excellent, 1 recovery good, and 2 recoveries as fair. Horse 5 laid quietly
until she stood with 1 strong, smooth effort.
138 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A
Effects of clenbuterol hydrochloride on pulmonary gas exchange and
hemodynamics in anesthetized horses.
Dodam, J.R.; Moon, R.E.; Olson, N.C.; Exposito, A.J.; Fawcett, T.A.; Huang,
Y.C.; Theil, D.R.; Camporesi, E.; Swanson, C.R.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 May.
American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (5): p. 776-782; 1993 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Clenbuterol; Gas exchange; Oxygen; Carbon dioxide;
Hemodynamics; Anesthesia
Abstract: We evaluated the effects of clenbuterol HCl (0.8 micrograms/kg, of
body weight, IV), a beta 2, agonist, on ventilation-perfusion matching and
hemodynamic variables in anesthetized (by IV route), laterally recumbent
horses. The multiple inert gas elimination technique was used to assess
pulmonary gas exchange. Clenbuterol HCl induced a decrease in arterial oxygen
tension (from 57.0 +/- 1.8 to 49.3 +/- 1.2 mm of Hg; mean +/- SEM) as a result
of increased shunt fraction (from 6.6 +/- 2.1 to 14.4 +/- 3.1%) and
ventilation to regions with high ventilation-perfusion ratios. In contrast, no
changes in these variables were found in horses given sterile water. In horses
given clenbuterol HCl, O2 consumption increased from 2.23 +/- 0.18 to 2.70 +/-
0.14 ml . min-1 . kg-1, and respiratory exchange ratio decreased from 0.80 +/-
0.02 to 0.72 +/- 0.01. Respiratory exchange ratio and O2 consumption were not
significantly modified in sterile water-treated (control) horses. Clenbuterol
HCl administration was associated with increased cardiac index (from 57.4 +/-
4.0 to 84.2 +/- 6.3 ml . min-1 . kg- 1), decreased total peripheral vascular
resistance (from 108.3 +/- 9.3 to 47.6 +/- 2.8 mm of Hg . s . kg . ml-1), and
decreased pulmonary vascular resistance (from 31.3 +/- 3.8 to 13.6 +/- 0.7 mm
of Hg . s . kg . ml-1). Our findings indicated that clenbuterol HCl may
potentiate hypoxemia as a result of increased shunt fraction in horses
anesthetized by the IV route, and caused changes in hemodynamic variables that
were consistent with its ability to stimulate beta 2-adrenergic receptors.
139 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Effects of detomidine on equine oesophageal function as studied by contrast
radiography.
Watson, T.D.G.; Sullivan, M.
London : The Association; 1991 Jul27.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 129
(4): p. 67-69; 1991 Jul27. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Analgesics; Esophagus; Deglutition; Transit time;
Peristalsis; Grass sickness
140 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1X4
The effects of general anaesthesia on tocainide clearance in the sheep.
Runciman, W.B.; Mather, L.E.; Carapetis, R.J.; Ilsley, A.H.; McLean, C.F.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1987 Jul.
Xenobiotica v. 17 (7): p. 807-813; 1987 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Anesthesia; Anesthetics
141 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effects of general anesthesia on myoelectric activity of the intestine in
horses.
Lester, G.D.; Bolton, J.R.; Cullen, L.K.; Thurgate, S.M.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Sep.
American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (9): p. 1553-1557; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Xylazine; Ketamine; Thiopental; Ileum; Cecum;
Colon; Electrical activity; Muscles; Drug effects; Intestinal motility;
Halothane; Guaifenesin
142 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effects of halothane and isoflurane on baroreflex sensitivity in horses.
Hellyer, P.W.; Bednarski, R.M.; Hubbell, J.A.E.; Muir, W.W. III
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Dec.
American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (12): p. 2127-2134; 1989 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Halothane; Anesthetics; Reflexes; Blood pressure
Abstract: Baroreflex sensitivity (BS) was used to quantitatively assess the
effects of halothane and isoflurane on the heart rate/arterial pressure
relationship during steady-state (10 minutes) and dynamic pressure changes in
adult horses. Arterial pressure was decreased in response to nitroglycerin or
sodium nitroprusside and increased in response to phenylephrine HCl. Mean (+/-
SEM) BS in awake horses was 28.9 +/- 2.6 and 13.2 +/- 2.0 ms/mm of Hg during
steady-state decreases and increases in systolic arterial pressure (SAP),
respectively. Halothane and isoflurane either significantly (P < 0.05)
decreased or eliminated BS during steady-state decreases in SAP, with no
significant differences detected between anesthetic agents. During
steady-state decreases in SAP, significant (P < 0.05) correlation between R-R
interval and arterial pressure was not observed for 6 of 10 and 4 of 11
halothane and isoflurane anesthesia periods, respectively. Halothane
significantly (P < 0.05) decreased BS during steady-state increases in SAP to
7.9 +/- 0.6 and 6.5 +/- 1.1 ms/mm of Hg during low and high minimal alveolar
concentration (MAC) multiples, respectively. Isoflurane decreased BS during
steady-state increases in SAP to 9.6 +/- 1.5 and 6.6 +/- 1.1 ms/mm of Hg
during low and high MAC anesthesia, respectively, with high MAC of isoflurane
decreasing BS significantly (P < 0.05), compared with awake and low MAC
values. Plasma catecholamine (epinephrine and norepinephrine) concentrations
increased significantly (P < 0.05), compared with baseline values during
steady-state vasodilator infusions in halothane- and isoflurane-anesthetized
horses. Steady-state infusions of phenylephrine in anesthetized horses
resulted in arrhythmia development, with premature atrial and ventricular
complexes seen in halothane-anesthetized horses and increased heart rate and
atrial premature complexes seen less frequently in isoflurane-anesthetized
horses. Dynamic BS was 25.0 +/- 4.5 and 20.1 +/- 2.8 ms/mm of Hg f
143 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effects of halothane anesthesia on the clearance of gentamicin sulfate in
horses.
Smith, C.M.; Steffey, E.P.; Baggot, J.D.; Dunlop, C.I.; Farver, T.B.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1988 Jan.
American journal of veterinary research v. 49 (1): p. 19-22; 1988 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Halothane; Gentamicin; Renal clearance; Pharmacokinetics;
Urine analysis; Models
144 NAL Call. No.: 41.9 AM37
The effects of intra-articular anesthesia on soft tissue- and bone-phase
scintigraphy in the horse.
Trout, D.R.; Hornof, W.J.; Fisher, P.E.
Raleigh, N.C. : American College of Veterinary Radiology; 1991 Sep.
Veterinary radiology v. 32 (5): p. 251-255; 1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Scintigraphy; Local anesthesia
145 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effects of ketamine infusion on halothane minimal alveolar concentration in
horses.
Muir, W.W. III; Sams, R.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Oct.
American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (10): p. 1802-1806; 1992 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Ketamine; Halothane; Requirements; Dosage effects;
Hemodynamics; Anesthesia
Abstract: Eight adult horses were used in a study to determine ketamine's
ability to reduce halothane requirement. To obtain steady-state plasma
concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 microg/ml, loading doses and
constant infusions for ketamine were calculated for each horse on the basis of
data from other studies in which the pharmacokinetic properties of ketamine
were investigated. Blood samples for determination of plasma ketamine
concentrations were collected periodically during each experiment. Plasma
ketamine concentrations were determined by capillary gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry under electron-impact ionization conditions, using lidocaine as
the internal standard. Halothane minimal alveolar concentration (MAC;
concentration at which half the horses moved in response to an electrical
stimulus) and plasma ketamine concentration were determined after steady-state
concentrations of each ketamine infusion had been reached. Plasma ketamine
concentrations > 1.0 microg/ml decreased halothane MAC. The degree of MAC
reduction was correlated directly with the square root of the plasma ketamine
concentration, reaching a maximum of 37% reduction at a plasma ketamine
concentration of 10.8 +/- 2.7 microg/ml. Heart rate, mean arterial blood
pressure, and the rate of increase of right ventricular pressure did not
change with increasing plasma ketamine concentration and halothane MAC
reduction. Cardiac output increased significantly during ketamine infusions and
halothane MAC reduction. Our findings suggest that plasma ketamine
concentrations > 1.0 microm/ml reduce halothane MAC and produce beneficial
hemodynamic effects.
146 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effects of ketamine, xylazine, and a combination of ketamine and xylazine in
Pekin ducks.
Ludders, J.W.; Rode, J.; Mitchell, G.S.; Nordheim, E.V.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Feb.
American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (2): p. 245-249; 1989 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ducks; Ketamine; Xylazine; Drug combinations; Anesthesia; Adverse
effects; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system
Abstract: Effects of ketamine, xylazine, and a combination of ketamine and
xylazine were studied in 12 male Pekin ducks (7 to 12 weeks old; mean [+/- SD]
body weight, 3.1 +/- 0.3 kg). After venous and arterial catheterization and
fixation of a temperature probe in the cloaca, each awake duck was confined,
but not restrained, in an open box in a dimly lit room. Blood pressure and
lead-II ECG were recorded. Three arterial blood samples were collected every 15
minutes over a 45-minute period (control period) and were analyzed for pHa,
Paco2 and Pao2. After the control period, each duck was assigned at random to 1
of 3 drug groups: (1) ketamine (KET; 20 mg/kg of body weight, IV), (2)
xylazine (XYL; 1 mg/kg, IV), and (3) KET + XYL (KET 20 mg/kg and XYL, 1 mg/kg;
IV). Measurements were made at 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes after
drug administration. All ducks survived the drug study. Cloacal temperature was
significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increased above control
cloacal temperature at 90 minutes after the administration of ketamine, and
from 10 through 90 minutes after administration of ketamine plus xylazine. In
ducks of the KET group, pHa, Paco2, and Pao2, remained unchanged after
administration of the drug. In ducks of the XYL group, pHa and Pao2 decreased
significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) from control values for all time
points up to and including 15 minutes after drug administration. In ducks of
the KET + XYL group, pHa and Pa02 were significantly (P less than or equal to
0.05) decreased at all time points up to and including 45 and 15 minutes,
respectively, after administration of the drugs. In ducks of the XYL group,
Paco2 increased significantly (P less than 0.05) during the first 15 minutes
after drug administration, and for 45 minutes after administration of KET +
XYL. Results indicated that ketamine when given alone to ducks, was not
associated with pulmonary depression. There was drug-associated respiratory
depression after IV admini
147 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Effects of local anaesthesia and intravenous naloxone on the changes in
behaviour and plasma concentrations of cortisol produced by castration and tail
docking with tight rubber rings in young lambs.
Wood, G.N.; Molony, V.; Fleetwood-Walker, S.M.; Hodgson, J.C.; Mellor, D.J.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 Sep.
Research in veterinary science v. 51 (2): p. 193-199; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lambs; Castration; Docking; Hydrocortisone; Lidocaine; Naloxone;
Behavior change; Blood plasma; Pain; Local anesthesia
Abstract: The reliability of some behavioural and physiological indices used
for the recognition and assessment of acute pain in lambs after castration and
tail docking has been examined. Changes in the indices were measured after
blocking neural activity with local anaesthetic (lignocaine) and after an
opioid antagonist (naloxone) was administered. Six lambs, aged less than one
week, were allocated randomly to each of six treatments. (i) control handling
and blood sampling; (ii) castration plus tail docking with tight rubber rings;
(iii) local anaesthesia; (iv) local anaesthesia followed by castration and tail
docking; (v) intravenous naloxone only (0.2 mg kg-1); and (vi)
intravenous naloxone followed by castration and tail docking. Local
anaesthesia eliminated the behavioural and plasma cortisol changes which
usually follow castration and tail docking. Naloxone had a limited effect on
the increase in cortisol but altered the behaviour. The results support the
view that such indices are useful for assessment of the response to acute pain
and that, although endogenous opioids do reduce pain in young lambs after
castration and tail docking, the effect is small.
148 NAL Call. No.: SF951.E62
Effects of perioperative administration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
on anesthetic recovery in the horse.
Brouwer, G.J.
Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Pub. Co; 1987 Sep.
Equine practice v. 9 (8): p. 22, 24-25; 1987 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Surgery; Antiinflammatory agents
149 NAL Call. No.: 41.9 AM37
The effects of regional perineural anesthesia on soft tissue and bone phase
scintigraphy in the horse.
Trout, D.R.; Hornof, W.J.; Liskey, C.C.; Fisher, P.E.
Raleigh, N.C. : American College of Veterinary Radiology; 1991 May.
Veterinary radiology v. 32 (3): p. 140-144; 1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Scintigraphy; Local anesthesia; Feet
150 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Effects of short-term stress, xylazine tranquilization and anesthetization with
xylazine plus ketamine on plasma concentrations of cortisol, luteinizing
hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin in ovariectomized pony
mares.
Thompson, D.L.; Garza, F. Jr; Mitchell, P.S.; St George, R.L.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1988 Nov.
Theriogenology v. 30 (5): p. 937-946; 1988 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mares; Ovariectomized females; Prolactin; Lh; Fsh; Cortisol;
Hormone secretion; Anesthesia; Xylazine; Neuroleptics; Stress; Ketamine
151 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
Effects of surgical pentobarbital anesthesia on blood pressure, heart rate, and
arterial blood pH and gas tension in turkeys.
Lee, J.C.; McGrath, C.J.; Leighton, A.T. Jr; Wilson, M.H.
Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1988 Apr.
Laboratory animal science v. 38 (2): p. 208-210; 1988 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Turkeys; Anesthesia; Pentobarbital; Blood pressure; Heart rate;
Blood ph; Gases; Tension
152 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effects of xylazine butorphanol on cecal arterial blood flow, cecal mechanical
activity, and systemic hemodynamics in horses.
Rutkowski, J.A.; Eades, S.C.; Moore, J.N.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Jul.
American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (7): p. 1153-1158; 1991 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Xylazine; Cecum; Blood flow; Blood pressure; Cardiac
output; Heart rate; Motility; Hemodynamics; Analgesics
Abstract: A chronic model with an ultrasonic transit time blood flow probe and
strain gauge force transducers implanted on the cecum was used to evaluate
cecal mechanical activity and cecal arterial blood flow in 4 conscious adult
horses. Intravenous administration of xylazine (1.1 mg/kg of body weight)
significantly decreased heart rate and cardiac output, but significantly
increased diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure, mean pulmonary arterial
pressure, carotid arterial pressure, and central venous pressure. Lateral cecal
arterial blood flow after xylazine administration was decreased
substantially more than was cardiac output, suggesting that xylazine caused
constriction of the cecal vasculature. This effect of xylazine may have
resulted from either a direct effect of xylazine on the cecal vasculature or
from reflex vasoconstriction attributable to reduced cardiac output.
Intravenous administration of butorphanol tartrate (0.1 mg/kg) did not
significantly alter the hemodynamic responses to xylazine. Cecal mechanical
activity, as measured by the motility index, was decreased for 120 minutes
after administration of xylazine and for 150 minutes after administration of
xylazine/butorphanol.
153 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effects of xylazine on equine intestinal vascular resistance, motility,
compliance, and oxygen consumption.
Stick, J.A.; Chou, C.C.; Derksen, F.J.; Arden, W.A.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1987 Feb.
American journal of veterinary research v. 48 (2): p. 198-203. ill; 1987 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Xylazine; Intestine motility; Resistance; Oxygen
consumption; Anesthesia
154 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Effects to tolazoline and yohimbine on xylazine-induced central nervous system
depression, bradycardia, and tachypnea in sheep.
Hsu, W.H.; Schaffer, D.D.; Hanson, C.E.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1987 Feb15.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 190 (4): p. 423-426;
1987 Feb15. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Anesthesia; Xylazine; Anesthetics; Central nervous system;
Respiration; Heart rate
155 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Electroencephalographic power spectrum analysis as a monitor of anesthetic
depth in horses.
Otto, K.; Short, C.E.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1991 Sep.
Veterinary surgery v. 20 (5): p. 362-371; 1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Anesthesia; Electroencephalograms; Spectral analysis;
Brain
156 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43
Electroencephalography of detomidine-ketamine-halothane and
detomidine-ketamine-isoflurane anesthetized horses during orthopedic
surgery--a comparison.
Ekstrom, P.M.; Short, C.E.; Geimer, T.R.
Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Sep.
Veterinary surgery v. 22 (5): p. 414-418; 1993 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Electroencephalograms; Anesthesia
157 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Electro-immobilisation of sheep may not reduce the aversiveness of a painful
treatment.
Rushen, J.; Congdon, P.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 Jan10.
The Veterinary record v. 120 (2): p. 37-38; 1987 Jan10. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sheep; Immobilization; Electrical treatment; Pain
158 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Electromyography of some respiratory muscles in the horse.
Hall, L.W.; Aziz, H.A.; Groenendyk, J.; Keates, H.; Rex, M.A.E.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 May.
Research in veterinary science v. 50 (3): p. 328-333; 1991 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Horses; Muscles; Diaphragm; Abdomen; Electromyography; Anesthesia
Abstract: To investigate activity in respiratory muscles, insulated wire
electrodes were used to record electromyographic activity in the costal
diaphragm and in the intercostal, serratus ventralis, internal abdominal
oblique, transversalis and rectus abdominis muscles in conscious horses and in
the same animals when anaesthetised. Electromyographic activity was related to
respiratory phases as recorded by a stethograph around the chest wall. The
costal diaphragm showed tonic and inspiratory activity in both conscious and
anaesthetised animals. The principal muscle actively involved in expiration was
the transversalis muscle. Intercostal muscle activity, and any increased
activity in the second part of either inspiration or expiration recorded in the
conscious animal, was absent under anaesthesia. The very marked tonic activity
found in the serratus ventralis muscle in standing horses disappeared during
anaesthesia. It was concluded that any stabilisation of the chest wall
contributed by activity in the serratus ventralis and intercostal muscles in
conscious, standing horses is greatly reduced during anaesthesia.
159 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63
Eltenac, a new anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug for horses: clinical
aspects.
Prugner, W.; Huber, R.; Luhmann, R.
Oxford : Blackwell Sci