Anesthesia and Analgesia for Companion and Laboratory AnimalsAnimal Welfare Information Center
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Compiled By:
Tim Allen
Animal Welfare Information Center, Information Centers Branch
National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture
10301 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351
Allen, Tim Anesthesia and analgesia for companion and laboratory animals : January 1989-January 1995. (Quick bibliography series ; 95-12) 1. Animal anesthesia--Bibliography. 2. Laboratory animals-- Bibliography. I. Title. aZ5071.N3 no.95-12
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1. anesthe? or anasthe? or anaesthe? or analges? or pain?
or distress or tranquil? or anxiolytic? or
neuroleptanalges? or paralytic? or hypnotic? or
sedative? or neuromuscular(W)block? or hypothermia
2. rabbit? or dog or dogs or cat? or puppy or puppies or
kitten? or rat or rats or mouse or mice or
guinea(W)pig? or hamster? or gerbil? or ferret? or
vole? or rodent? or primate? or monkey? or squirrel? or
fish? or frog? or amphibian? or xenopus or bufo
3. (S1 and S4)/title
4. S4 and PY=1989:1995
5. S4 and LA=English
1 NAL Call. No.: SF601.P76 Acupuncture-produced surgical analgesia--physiology, indications, techniques, and limitations. Klide, A.M. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Co; 1992 Mar. Problems in veterinary medicine v. 4 (1): p. 200-206; 1992 Mar. In the series analytic: Veterinary acupuncture / edited by A. M. Schoen. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Domestic animals; Anesthesia; Surgery; Mode of action; Acupuncture; Restraint of animals 2 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Acute effects of a gamma-glutamylated derivate of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine on renal function and ultrasturcture in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs: site- specific toxicity involving S1 and S2 cells of the proximal tubule. Ridgewell, R.E.; Krejci, M.E.; Koechel, D.A. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 May. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (5): p. 840-846; 1992 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cysteine; Derivatives; Renal function; Ultrastructure; Kidneys; Toxins; Toxicity Abstract: It has been established that L-gamma-glutamylated derivatives of alpha-amino acids are delivered more efficiently to the kidneys than are the parent alpha-amino acids. Therefore, we synthesized L-gamma-glutamyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (L-gamma- glutamyl-L-DCVC), the simplest L-gamma-glutamylated derivative of the nephrotoxic alpha-amino acid S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L- cysteine (L-DCVC), and investigated its effects on renal function and ultrastructure in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Intravenous doses of 23.15 and 92.60 micromoles of L- gamma-glutamyl-L-DCVC/kg of body weight induced significant increases in urinary protein output and significant decreases in the clearance of inulin during the 6-hour post-injection period. Changes were not observed in any of the other 13 renal function variables or in the 11 plasma and blood variables that were monitored throughout the same period. Both doses of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-DCVC induced renal ultrastructural lesions in the S1 and S2 cells of the canine proximal tubule; the remaining 8 cell types downstream and the glomeruli were not damaged. The onset and magnitude of renal function changes and the cell types affected by L-gamma-glutamyl-L-DCVC were virtually identical to those observed previously following IV administration of equivalent doses of L-DCVC to pentobarbital- anesthetized dogs. Rapid removal of the L-gamma-glutamyl group from L-gamma-glutamyl-L-DCVC (ie, deglutamylation) resulting in formation of the parent alpha-amino acid, L-DCVC, can best explain the extreme similarity in the nephrotoxic profiles of these 2 toxicants. 3 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis in a dog after halothane anaesthesia and administration of flunixin meglumine and trimethoprim-sulphadiazine. McNeil, P.E. London : The Association; 1992 Aug15. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 131 (7): p. 148-151; 1992 Aug15. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Postoperative complications; Nephritis; Renal failure; Halothane; Anesthesia; Flunixin; Trimethoprim; Sulfadiazine; Ischemia; Case reports 4 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Adaptation of human oscillometric blood pressure monitors for use in dogs. Hunter, J.S. Jr; McGrath, C.J.; Thatcher, C.D.; Remillard, R.L.; McCain, W.C. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Sep. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (9): p. 1439-1442; 1990 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Monitors; Blood pressure; Measurement; Modification; Veterinary equipment Abstract: Two digital oscillometric human blood pressure measuring devices were modified and evaluated as blood pressure monitors in 12 healthy anesthetized dogs. Direct arterial pressures were measured via cannulation of the dorsal pedal artery and were correlated with indirect measurements through an inflatable cuff placed over the dorsal pedal artery below the hock joint of the contralateral limb. Direct and indirect measurements were compared for systolic, diastolic, and calculated mean arterial pressures. Blood pressure ranges between 215/145 mm of Hg and 65/30 mm of Hg were obtained, using combinations of halothane, phenylephrine, calcium, and IV administered fluids. Machine A was found to be insufficient for clinical application, on the basis of correlation coefficients between direct and indirect pressures of 0.78, 0.65, and 0.74 for systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures, respectively. Higher correlation coefficients between direct and indirect pressures (0.77, 0.87, and 0.87, respectively) were obtained with machine B. The results of the study reported here suggest machine B may be an effective blood pressure monitoring device in anesthetized dogs. 5 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Adverse effects of administration of propofol with various preanesthetic regimens in dogs. Smith, J.A.; Gaynor, J.S.; Bednarski, R.M.; Muir, W.W. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1993 Apr01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 202 (7): p. 1111-1115; 1993 Apr01. Paper presented at the symposium on "Animals and the environment: Impacts on veterinary medicine," Boston, Massachusetts. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Preanesthetic medication; Anesthetics; Adverse effects; Diazepam; Anesthesia 6 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A alpha 2-Adrenergic receptor agonist effects on supraventricular and ventricular automaticity in dogs with complete atrioventricular block. Day, T.K.; Muir, W.W. III Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Jan. American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (1): p. 136-141; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Alpha-adrenergic receptors; Agonists; Narcotic antagonists; Xylazine; Ventricles Abstract: Complete atrioventricular block was induced in 26 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs to determine the effects of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonists, xylazine and medetomidine, on supraventricular and ventricular automaticity. Prazosin and atipamezole, alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, were administered to isolate alpha 1- or alpha 2- adrenoceptor effects. Six dogs served as controls and were given glycopyrrolate (0.1 mg/kg of body weight, IV) and esmolol (50 to 75 microgram/kg/min, IV) to induce parasympathetic and beta 1-adrenergic blockade, respectively. Eight dogs were given sequentially increasing doses of xylazine (n = 5), 0.000257 mg (10(-9)M) to 25.7 mg (10(-4)M) and medetomidine (n = 3), 0.000237 mg (10(-9)M) to 2.37 mg (10(-5) < M) after parasympathetic and beta 1-adrenergic blockade. Twelve dogs were given xylazine (n = 6, 1.1 mg/kg, IV) or medetomidine (n = 6, 0.05 mg/kg, IV) after parasympathetic and beta 1-adrenergic blockade. Three dogs given xylazine and 3 dogs given medetomidine were administered prazosin (0.1 mg/kg, IV) followed by atipamezole (0.3 mg/kg, IV). The order of prazosin and atipamezole was reversed in the remaining 3 dogs given either xylazine or medetomidine. Complete atrioventricular block and administration of glycopyrrolate and esmolol resulted in stable supraventricular and ventricular rates over a 4-hour period. Increasing concentration of xylazine or medetomidine did not cause significant changes in supraventricular or ventricular rate. Xylazine and medetomidine, in the presence of the alpha- adrenoceptor antagonists, prazosin (alpha(1)) and atipamezole (alpha(2)), did not cause significant changes in supraventricular or ventricular rate. alpha 2-Adrenoceptor agonists do not induce direct alpha 1-or alpha 2-adrenoceptor- mediated depression of supraventricular or ventricular rate in dogs with complete atrioventricular block. 7 NAL Call. No.: RA1270.P35A1 Alteration in the tranquilizing potency of chlorpromazine in rats exposed chronically to the insecticide, endosulfan. Paul, V.; Balasubramaniam, E.; Kazi, M. New York : Springer-Verlag, 1966-; 1994 Nov. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology v. 53 (5): p. 655-662; 1994 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Endosulfan; Chlorpromazine; Exposure; Interactions; Neurophysiology; Animal behavior; Rats 8 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A Alterations in the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine after xylazine or medetomidine administration in halothane- anesthetized dogs. Lemke, K.A.; Tranquilli, W.J.; Thurmon, J.C.; Benson, G.J.; Olson, W.A. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Dec. American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (12): p. 2132-2138; 1993 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Epinephrine; Arrhythmia; Xylazine; Medetomidine; Halothane; Parasympatholytics Abstract: Eight dogs (12.5 to 21.5 kg) were assigned at random to each of 3 groups that were not given glycopyrrolate (HS, HX, HM) and to each of 3 groups that were given glycopyrrolate (HGS, HGX, HGM). Dogs were anesthetized with halothane (1.31% end-tidal concentration), and ventilation was controlled (P(CO2) 35 to 40 mm of Hg end-tidal concentration). Glycopyrrolate was administered IV and IM at a dosage of 11 micrograms/kg of body weight, each. Saline solution, xylazine (1.1 mg/kg, IM), or medetomidine (15 micrograms/ kg, IM) was administered 10 minutes after baseline arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ADE) determination. Redetermination of the ADE at the same infusion rate was started 10 minutes after drug administration. Arrhythmogenic dose was determined by constant infusion of epinephrine at rates of 1.0 and 2.5 micrograms/kg/min. The ADE was defined as the total dose of epinephrine inducing at least 4 ectopic ventricular depolarizations within 15 seconds during a 3-minute infusion or within 1 minute after the end of the infusion. Total dose was calculated as the product of infusion rate and time to arrhythmia. Statistical analysis of the differences between baseline ADE and posttreatment ADE for groups HS, HX, and HM was performed by use of one-way ANOVA. Mean +/- SEM baseline ADE values for groups HS, HX, and HM were 1.50 +/- 0.11, 1.49 +/- 0.10, and 1.57 +/- 0.22 micrograms/kg, respectively, and for groups HGS, HGX, and HGM were 3.37 +/- 0.61, 3.10 +/- 0.75, and 3.04 +/-0.94 micrograms/kg, respectively. Differences for groups HS, HX, and HM were -0.02 +/- 0.15, -0.00 +/- 0.14, and -0.21 0.17 micrograms/kg, respectively, and for groups HGS, HGX, and HGM, were -0.59 +/- 0.26, -0.41 +/- 0.15, and -0.58 +/- 0.20 micrograms/kg, respectively. Differences among groups HS, HX, and HM, or among groups HGS, HGX, and HGM were not significant. We conclude that without and with cholinergic blockade in halothane-anesthetized dogs: preanesthetic dosages of xylazine (1.1 mg/kg, IM) or medetomidine (15 micrograms/kg, IM) do not enhance arrhythmogenicity, and at these dosages, there is no difference in the arrhythmogenic potential of either alpha 2- adrenoceptor agonist. 9 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A Alterations in the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine after xylazine or medetomidine administration in isoflurane- anesthetized dogs. Lemke, K.A.; Tranquilli, W.J.; Thurmon, J.C.; Benson, G.J.; Olson, W.A. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Dec. American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (12): p. 2139-2144; 1993 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Epinephrine; Arrhythmia; Xylazine; Medetomidine; Parasympatholytics; Inhaled anesthetics Abstract: Eight dogs (body weight, 12.5 to 21.5 kg) were assigned at random to each of 3 treatment groups (IS, IX, IM) that were not given glycopyrrolate and to each of 3 groups that were given glycopyrrolate (IGS, IGX, IGM). Dogs, were anesthetized with isoflurane (1.95% end-tidal concentration), and ventilation was controlled (PCO2, 35 to 40 mm of Hg end- tidal concentration). Glycopyrrolate was administered IV and IM at a dosage of 11 micrograms/kg of body weight, each.Saline solution, xylazine (1.1 mg/kg, IM), or medetomidine (15 micrograms/kg, IM) was administered 10 minutes after baseline ADE determination. Redetermination of the ADE at the same infusion rate was started 10 minutes after drug administration. Arrhythmogenic dose was determined by constant infusion of epinephrine at rates of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 micrograms/kg/min. The ADE was defined as the total dose of epinephrine that induced at least 4 ectopic ventricular depolarizations within 15 seconds during a 3-minute infusion, or within 1 minute after the end of the infusion. Total dose was calculated as the product of infusion rate and time to arrhythmia. Statistical analysis of the differences between baseline and treatment ADE values was performed by use of one- way ANOVA. Mean +/- SEM baseline ADE values for groups IS, IX, and IM were 1.55 +/- 0.23, 1.61 +/-0.28, and 1.95 +/- 0.65 micrograms/kg, respectively. Differences for groups IS, IX, and IM were -0.12 +/- 0.05, -0.31 +/- 0.40, and -0.17 +/- 0.26, respectively. Differences for groups IGS, IGX, and IGM could not be calculated because arrhythmias satisfying the ADE criteria were not observed at the maximum infusion rate of 5.0 micrograms/kg/min. Differences among groups IS, IX, and IM were not significant. We conclude that in isoflurane- anesthetized dogs: preanesthetic dosages of xylazine (1.1 mg/kg, IM) or medetomidine (15 micrograms/kg, IM) do not enhance arrhythmogenicity, and at these dosages, there is no difference in the arrhythmogenic potential of either alpha 2- adrenergic receptor agonist. 10 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69 An alternative drug combination for use in declawing and castrating cats. Ko, J.C.H.; Thurmon, J.C.; Tranquilli, W.J. Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Co; 1993 Nov. Veterinary medicine v. 88 (11): p. 1061-1065; 1993 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Anesthesia; Drug combinations; Anesthetics; Intramuscular injection; Castration; Claws; Surgical operations 11 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Anaesthesia and central nervous system disease in small animals. I. general considerations. Court, M.H.; Dodman, N.H.; Norman, W.M.; Seeler, D.C. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1990 Jul. British veterinary journal v. 146 (4): p. 285-295; 1990 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Central nervous system; Nervous system diseases; Hypertension; Surgical operations; Physiopathology; Blood flow; Treatment 12 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Anaesthesia and central nervous system disease in small animals. II. anaesthetic management for specific diseases and procedures. Court, M.H.; Dodman, N.H.; Norman, W.M.; Seeler, D.C. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1990 Jul. British veterinary journal v. 146 (4): p. 296-308; 1990 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Nervous system diseases; Central nervous system; Neoplasms; Head; Injuries; Spinal diseases; Diagnostic techniques 13 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Anaesthesia for small animal patients with disease of the hepatic, renal or gastrointestinal system. Dodman, N.H.; Seeler, D.C.; Court, M.H.; Norman, W.M. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1989 Jan. British veterinary journal v. 145 (1): p. 3-22; 1989 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Liver diseases; Kidney diseases; Digestive system diseases 14 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Anaesthetic effects of chloral hydrate, pentobarbitone and urethane in adult male rats. Field, K.J.; White, W.J.; Lang, C.M. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1993 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 27 (3): p. 258-269; 1993 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Anesthetics Abstract: Chloral hydrate, pentobarbitone and urethane were evaluated and compared for onset, duration and depth of anaesthesia, cardiovascular and respiratory effects, nociception and mortality in adult male rats. Chloral hydrate (300 and 400 mg/kg) severely depressed the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Duration of anaesthesia was linearly related to dose, and anaesthetic depth and analgesia were excellent. Pentobarbital (40 mg/kg) produced a short period light surgical anaesthesia. Moderate to severe respiratory and cardiovascular depression occurred. Duration of anaesthesia was not related to dose. Urethane (1.2 and 1.5 g/kg) caused moderate cardiovascular depression. In addition, mortality was high at the 1.5 g/kg dose. Duration of anaesthesia was greater than 24 h for most animals. Anaesthesia depth and analgesia were excellent. 15 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Anaesthetic management of the traumatized small animal patient. Norman, W.M.; Dodman, N.H.; Court, M.H.; Seeler, D.C. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1989 Sep. British veterinary journal v. 145 (5): p. 410-425; 1989 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Trauma; Anesthesia; Physiopathology; Respiratory system; Cardiovascular system; Central nervous system 16 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292 Anaesthetic regimes for cataract removal in the dog. Young, S.S.; Barnett, K.C.; Taylor, P.M. London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1991 May. The Journal of small animal practice v. 32 (5): p. 236-240; 1991 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cataract; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Muscle relaxants; Halothane; Nitrous oxide; Thiopental; Preoperative care; Surgery 17 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Analgesia after lateral thoracotomy in dogs: epidural morphine vs. intercostal bupivacaine. Pascoe, P.J.; Dyson, D.H. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Mar. Veterinary surgery v. 22 (2): p. 141-147; 1993 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Pain; Analgesics 18 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Analgesia and behavioral responses of dogs given oxymorphone- acepromazine and meperidine-acepromazine after methoxyflurane and halothane anesthesia. Sawyer, D.C.; Rech, R.H.; Adams, T.; Durham, R.A.; Richter, M.A.; Striler, E.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Aug. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (8): p. 1361-1368; 1992 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Pethidine; Analgesics; Anesthesia; Halothane; Methoxyflurane; Pain; Drug effects; Blood pressure; Pulse rate Abstract: This study was designed to test analgesia, duration, and cardiovascular changes induced by meperidine (MEP) and oxymorphone (OXY) following methoxyflurane (MOF) and halothane (HAL) anesthesia. Eight healthy dogs were given atropine and acepromazine, and anesthesia was induced with thiamylal and maintained with 1.5 minimal alveolar concentration of MOF or HAL for 1 hour during controlled ventilation. Eight treatments were given with each anesthetic: 3 with MEP (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg, IV), 3 with oxymorphone (OXY; 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg, IV), and 2 placebos with sterile water. Test drugs were given at the end of anesthesia when early signs of recovery were evident. Minimal threshold stimulus/response nociception was assessed by use of an inflatable soft plastic colonic balloon. Blood pressures and pulse rate were measured with a noninvasive monitor. Meperidine and OXY were found to be effective analgesics and could be reversed with naloxone. Intravenous administration of 2.0 mg of MEP/kg provided analgesia for 36 +/- 6 minutes and 39 +/- 15 minutes after MOF and HAL, respectively. In contrast, OXY was effective at all 3 doses with effects of IV administration of 0.2 mg of OXY/kg lasting 154 +/- 13 minutes and 152 +/- 12 minutes, after MOF and HAL, respectively. Analgesia could not be demonstrated after anesthesia for acepromazine, MOF, or HAL. Blood pressure was not changed by either anesthetic nor was it influenced by MEP or OXY. Pulse rate was significantly depressed by the higher doses of OXY following HAL, but was not changed by MEP following either anesthetic. This study demonstrated the longer duration of analgesia of OXY. In addition, we could not find that analgesia was provided by either MOF or HAL following recovery from anesthesia. 19 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Analgesia in dogs after intercostal thoracotomy: a clinical trial comparing intravenous buprenorphine and interpleural bupivacaine. Conzemius, M.G.; Brockman, D.J.; King, L.G.; Perkowski, S.Z. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1994 Jul. Veterinary surgery v. 23 (4): p. 291-298; 1994 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Safety; Efficacy; Pain; Surgical operations; Intravenous injection; Injection; Heart rate; Respiration rate; Blood pressure; Blood; Gases; Body temperature; Electrocardiograms 20 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Analgesia in dogs after intercostal thoracotomy: a comparison of morphine, selective intercostal nerve block, and interpleural regional analgesia with bupivacaine. Thompson, S.E.; Johnson, J.M. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1991 Jan. Veterinary surgery v. 20 (1): p. 73-77; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Postoperative care; Morphine; Pain; Blood; Ph; Gases 21 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312 Analgesic activity and respiratory effects of butorphanol in sheep. Waterman, A.E.; Livingston, A.; Amin, A. London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 Jul. Research in veterinary science v. 51 (1): p. 19-23; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Analgesics; Dosage; Pain; Respiratory gases; Mechanical stimulation; Heat tolerance Abstract: The analgesic drug butorphanol tartrate has proved useful clinically in horses and dogs but its analgesic profile had not yet been investigated in sheep. This study was initiated to determine the thermal and mechanical antinociceptive activity of butorphanol (at the dose rates 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg kg-1) in sheep. The drug produced significant analgesia in the thermal lest system, the duration of which was dose related but no significant elevation in mechanical pressure thresholds could be detected. In a further set of experiments the dose rate was increased to 0.4 mg kg-1 and mechanical testing was repeated. There was still no clinically significant elevation in pressure thresholds. At a dose rate of 0.2 mg kg-1 the drug had no detectable effect on respiratory blood gas tensions. Behavioural changes were severe if a dose rate of 0.2 mg kg-1 was exceeded. 22 NAL Call. No.: RS160.J6 Analgesic activity of certain flavone derivatives: a structure-activity study. Thirugnanasambantham, P.; Viswanathan, S.; Mythirayee, C.; Krishnamurty, V.; Ramachandran, S.; Kameswaran, L. Limerick : Elsevier Scientific Publishers; 1990 Feb. Journal of ethno-pharmacology v. 28 (2): p. 207-214; 1990 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Flavonoids; Derivatives; Structure activity relationships; Analgesics; Mice 23 NAL Call. No.: RS164.P59 Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the crude hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the bark of Hymenaea martiana. Neves, M.C.A.; Neves, P.C.A.; Zanini, J.C. Jr; Medeiros, Y.S.; Yunes, R.A.; Calixto, J.B. Sussex : John Wiley & Sons; 1993 Sep. Phytotherapy research : PTR v. 7 (5): p. 356-362; 1993 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Hymenaea; Medicinal plants; Plant extracts; Bark; Pharmaceutical products; Medicinal properties; Inflammation; Edema; Pain; Blood vessels; Rats 24 NAL Call. No.: RS164.P59 Analgesic and antiinflammatory activity in acute and chronic conditions of Trema guineense (Schum. et Thonn.) Ficalho and Trema micrantha Blume extracts in rodents. Barbera, R.; Trovato, A.; Rapisarda, A.; Ragusa, S. Sussex : John Wiley & Sons; 1992 May. Phytotherapy research : PTR v. 6 (3): p. 146-148; 1992 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Trema; Plant extracts; Analgesics; Antiinflammatory agents; Pharmacology; Rats 25 NAL Call. No.: RS160.I47 Analgesic and antiinflammatory effects of chasmanthera dependens. Onabanjo, A.O.; John, T.A.; Sokale, A.A.; Samuel, O.T. Lisse, Netherlands : Swets & Zeitlinger; 1991 Feb. International journal of pharmacognosy v. 29 (1): p. 24-28; 1991 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Menispermaceae; Medicinal plants; Pharmaceutical products; Plant extracts; Alkaloids; Tannins; Cardiac glycosides; Medicinal properties; Analgesics; Antiinflammatory agents; Drug toxicity; Mice 26 NAL Call. No.: RS164.P59 Analgesic and antiinflammatory properties of Scoparia dulcis L. extracts and glutinol in rodents. Freire, S.M. de F.; Emim, J.A. da S.; Lapa, A.J.; Souccar, C.; Torres, L.M.B. Sussex : John Wiley & Sons; 1993 Nov. Phytotherapy research : PTR v. 7 (6): p. 408-414; 1993 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Scoparia dulcis; Medicinal plants; Plant extracts; Flavonoids; Pharmaceutical products; Triterpenoids; Medicinal properties; Inflammation; Pain; Fever; Rats; Mice 27 NAL Call. No.: RS160.I47 Analgesic and antipyretic effects of Mucuna pruriens. Iauk, L.; Galati, E.M.; Kirjavainen, S.; Forestieri, A.M.; Trovato, A. Lisse, Netherlands : Swets & Zeitlinger; 1993 Aug. International journal of pharmacognosy v. 31 (3): p. 213-216; 1993 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mucuna pruriens; Medicinal properties; Plant extracts; Leaves; Fruits; Trichomes; Analgesics; Antipyretics; Pain; Fever; Inflammation; Rats; Mice 28 NAL Call. No.: 450 P697 Analgesic and behavioural effects of Morinda citrifolia. Younos, C.; Rolland, A.; Fleurentin, J.; Lanhers, M.C.; Misslin, R.; Mortier, F. Stuttgart, W. Ger. : Georg Thieme Verlag; 1990 Oct. Planta medica v. 56 (5): p. 430-434; 1990 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Morinda citrifolia; Roots; Plant extracts; Analgesics; Pharmaceutical products; Medicinal properties; Mice; Naloxone 29 NAL Call. No.: 450 P697 Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties of Euphorbia hirta. Lanhers, M.C.; Fleurentin, J.; Dorfman, P.; Mortier, F.; Pelt, J.M. Stuttgart, W. Ger. : Georg Thieme Verlag; 1991 Jun. Planta medica v. 57 (3): p. 225-231; 1991 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Euphorbia hirta; Plant extracts; Pharmaceutical products; Mice; Rats; Analgesics; Antipyretics; Antiinflammatory agents 30 NAL Call. No.: RS160.J6 Analgesic effect of Momordica charantia seed extract in mice and rats. Biswas, A.R.; Ramaswamy, S.; Bapna, J.S. Limerick : Elsevier Scientific Publishers; 1991 Jan. Journal of ethno-pharmacology v. 31 (1): p. 115-118; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Momordica charantia; Medicinal plants; Plant extracts; Analgesics; Mice; Rats 31 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292 Analgesic effects of acupuncture in thoracolumbar disc disease in dogs. Still, J. London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1989 May. The Journal of small animal practice v. 30 (5): p. 298-301. ill; 1989 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Acupuncture; Spinal diseases; Pain 32 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 The analgesic effects of administering fentanyl or medetomidine in the lumbosacral epidural space of cats. Duke, T.; Komulainen Cox, A.M.; Remedios, A.M.; Cribb, P.H. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1994 Mar. Veterinary surgery v. 23 (2): p. 143-148; 1994 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Fentanyl; Medetomidine; Drug effects; Conduction anesthesia; Efficacy; Pain; Limbs; Vomiting; Adverse effects 33 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66 Analgesic therapy. Hansen, B.D. Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company; 1994 Jul. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 16 (7): p. 868-875; 1994 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Pain; Analgesics; Drug therapy; Dosage; Agonists; Postoperative care; Osteoarthritis 34 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992 Anesthesia and control of pain responses during surgery of the eye. Hartsfield, S.M. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 338-347, 361; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cataract; Surgical operations; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Pain; Eyes; Analgesics; Opioids; Drugs; Dosage; Muscle relaxants; Postoperative care; Postoperative complications; Inhaled anesthetics 35 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V523 Anesthesia and pain control. Bednarski, R.M. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1989 Nov. The Veterinary clinics of North America : Small animal practice v. 19 (6): p. 1223-1238; 1989 Nov. In the series analytic: Critical care / edited by R.B. Kirby and G.L. Stamp. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Pain; Emergencies 36 NAL Call. No.: SF601.P76 Anesthesia for head and neck surgery. Hartsfield, S.M.; Jacobson, J.D. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Co; 1991 Jun. Problems in veterinary medicine v. 3 (2): p. 123-141; 1991 Jun. In the series analytic: Head and Neck Surgery / edited by C.S. Hedlund. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Anesthesia; Surgical operations; Head; Neck; Preoperative care; Fasting; Preanesthetic medication; Anesthetics; Analgesics; Respiration; Air flow; Tubes; Postoperative care; Monitoring 37 NAL Call. No.: SF914.A53 1990 Anesthesia of amphibians and reptiles. Bush, M. Columbia, Md. : American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, 1990? :.; 1990. Anesthesia and analgesia in laboratory animals : proceedings - - 1990 Forum, American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Columbia Inn, Columbia, Maryland, May 3-6, 1990. p. 103-105; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Amphibia; Reptiles; Anesthesia 38 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Anesthesia of pups and kittens. Grandy, J.L.; Dunlop, C.I. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1991 Apr01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 198 (7): p. 1244-1249; 1991 Apr01. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pups; Kittens; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Age differences; Pharmacokinetics; Respiratory system; Cardiovascular system; Liver; Kidneys; Thermoregulation 39 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Anesthetic and medical management of acute hemorrhage during surgery. Wagner, A.E.; Dunlop, C.I. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1993 Jul01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 203 (1): p. 40-45; 1993 Jul01. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cats; Horses; Hemorrhage; Surgery; Anesthesia; Medical treatment; Blood volume; Losses; Hematocrit; Blood proteins 40 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Anesthetic and nephrotoxic effects of Telazol in New Zealand white rabbits. Brammer, D.W.; Doerning, B.J.; Chrisp, C.E.; Rush, H.G. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (5): p. 432-435; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rabbits; Injectable anesthetics; Intramuscular injection; Renal failure; Toxicity; Anesthesia; Complications Abstract: Telazol was evaluated as an anesthetic for rabbits. Two groups of five rabbits each were injected intramuscularly with 32 or 64 mg/kg of Telazol, and the depth and duration of anesthesia period monitored. At both doses, the righting reflex was lost within 2 minutes postinjection. Animals in both groups responded to noxious stimuli for the duration of the anesthesia. Hematology and urinalyses were performed daily for 7 days postinjection. Hematologic parameters remained unchanged in both groups. In the high-dose group, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels increased 1 day postinjection and continued steadily throughout the week. Elevations in urine protein and the presence of casts correlated with this increase. In the low-dose group, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels increased and protein was present in the urine of four of five rabbits beginning approximately 5 days postinjection. Histologically, severe renal tubular necrosis was evident 7 days postinjection in all high-dose rabbits and in three rabbits in the low-dose group. Our results indicate that Telazol does not produce analgesia in rabbits and is nephrotoxic at both 32 and 64 mg/kg. We conclude that Telazol is contraindicated for use in rabbits. 41 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A5 Anesthetic and surgical management of intrathoracic segmental tracheal stenosis utilizing high-frequency jet ventilation. Whitfield, J.B.; Graves, G.M.; Lappin, M.R.; Toombs, J.P.; Crowe, D.T.; Bjorling, D.E. Golden, Colo. : The Association; 1989 Jul. The Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association v. 25 (4): p. 443-446. ill; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Trachea; Thorax; Abnormalities; Resection 42 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66 Anesthetic breathing circuits for cats and small dogs. Romatowski, J. Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company; 1990 Feb. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 12 (2): p. 183-187, 190-193. ill; 1990 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Apparatus; Tubes; Circuits; Breathing; Resistance to air flow; Air flow; Heat loss 43 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V523 Anesthetic considerations for the geriatric patient. Paddleford, R.R. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1989 Jan. The Veterinary clinics of North America : Small animal practice v. 19 (1): p. 13-31; 1989 Jan. In the series analytic: Geriatrics and gerontology / edited by R.T. Goldston. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Geriatrics; Anesthetics; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacodynamics; Anesthesia 44 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Anesthetic requirement of isoflurane is reduced in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. Cole, D.J.; Marcantonio, S.; Drummond, J.C. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Sep. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (5): p. 506-509; 1990 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Hypertension Abstract: The isoflurane requirement to keep 50% of rats (Rattus norvegicus) unresponsive to noxious stimuli (MAC) was determined in age matched Sprague-Dawley (SD, n = 8), Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR, n = 8) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY, n = 8) strains. Following induction and orotracheal intubation, each rat received isoflurane (1.65% end-tidal) for 120 minutes. Physiologic parameters were similar except for expected differences in mean arterial pressure (148 +/- 13mmHg-SHR group, 101 +/- 10mmHg-SD group and 94 +/- 12mmHg- WKY group [mean +/- standard deviation]). Anesthetic equilibration was verified by infrared analysis of end-tidal gases. MAC was then determined in each rat by the tail clamp method and a group MAC calculated. 45 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Anesthetic techniques for neutering 6- to 14-week-old kittens. Faggella, A.M.; Aronsohn, M.G. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1993 Jan01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 202 (1): p. 56-62; 1993 Jan01. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kittens; Castration; Ovariectomy; Anesthesia; Guidelines; Safety; Adverse effects; Anesthetics 46 NAL Call. No.: SF914.A53 1990 Anesthetics and analgesics in rabbits. Hobbs, B.A. Columbia, Md. : American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, 1990? :.; 1990. Anesthesia and analgesia in laboratory animals : proceedings - - 1990 Forum, American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Columbia Inn, Columbia, Maryland, May 3-6, 1990. p. 64, 63, 62, 61; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthetics; Analgesics 47 NAL Call. No.: 41.2 G3642 1989 [no. 16] Antagonisation der Xylazin-Ketamin Neuroleptanalgesie und ihrer Nebenwirkungen durch Yohimbin und 4-aminopyridin bei der Katz / eingereicht von Jurgen Wittker [Antagonization of Zylazine/Ketamine neurleptanalgesia and its side effects through yohimbin and 4-amino pyridin in cats]. Wittker, Jurgen Giessen : [s.n.]; 1989. 98 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. English summary. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-98). Language: German 48 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A Antagonism by flumazenil of midazolam-induced changes in quantitative electroencephalographic data from isoflurane- anesthetized dogs. Keegan, R.D.; Greene, S.A.; Moore, M.P.; Gallagher, L.V. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 May. American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (5): p. 761-765; 1993 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Benzodiazepines; Narcotic antagonists; Anesthetics; Electroencephalography Abstract: Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) was assessed in 5 dogs anesthetized with 1.6% end-tidal concentration of isoflurane and after subsequent administration of the benzodiazepine midazolam (0.2 mg/kg of body weight, IV). Ventilation was controlled to maintain normocapnia. Effect of the benzodiazepine antagonist, flumazenil (0.04 mg/kg, IV), on QEEG in midazolam-isoflurane- anesthetized dogs was determined. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, esophageal temperature, arterial pH and blood gas tensions, end-tidal CO2 concentration, and end-tidal isoflurane concentration were monitored throughout the study. A 21-lead linked-ear montage was used for recording the EEG data. Quantitative EEG data were stored on an optical disk for later analysis. Values for absolute power of EEG were determined for delta, theta, alpha, and beta-frequencies. Cardiovascular variables remained stable throughout the study. Midazolam administration was associated with decreased absolute power in all frequencies of EEG at all electrode sites. Administration of flumazenil antagonized midazolam- induced decreased absolute power of EEG in all frequencies at all electrode sites. We conclude that QEEG provides a noninvasive, objective measure of midazolam- and flumazenil- induced changes in cortical activity during isoflurane anesthesia. 49 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Antagonism of ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in rats by administration of yohimbine, tolazoline, or 4-aminopyridine. Komulainen, A.; Olson, M.E. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Apr. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (4): p. 585-588; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Anesthesia; Ketamine; Xylazine; Yohimbine; 4-aminopyridine; Drug antagonism; Dosage; Adverse effects Abstract: Antagonism of ketamine-xylazine (85 mg of ketamine/kg of body weight and 15 mg of xylazine/kg, IM) anesthesia in rats by yohimbine (YOH; 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, IP), tolazoline (TOL; 10, 20, or 50 mg/kg, IP), 4- aminopyridine 4-AP; 1 or 5 mg/kg, IP), or a combination of yohimbine and 4-aminopyridine (YOH:4-AP, 1 mg/kg:1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg:1 mg/kg, IP) was studied. All dosages of YOH, TOL, 4-Ap, and YOH:4-AP reduced the time to appearance of corneal and pedal reflexes. Only TOL was effective in reducing time to appearance of the crawl reflex and recovery time. Yohimbine, 4-AP, YOH:4-AP, and TOL were effective in reversing respiratory depression caused by ketamine-xylazine anesthesia, but anesthetic-induced hypothermia was not antagonized. When given to non-anesthetized rats, the antagonists had little influence on respiratory rate, but all antagonists caused significant (P < 0.05) reduction in core body temperature for at least 90 minutes. When YOH was used as an anesthetic antagonist at dosage of 20 mg/kg, 20% mortality was observed and was attributable to acute respiratory arrest. The use of 4-AP and YOH:4-AP at the dosages studied induced moderate to severe muscular tremors. In conclusion, TOL at dosage of 20 mg/kg given IP, appears to be an appropriate antagonist for ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in rats. 50 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Antagonistic activities of atipamezole, 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine against medetomidine/ketamine-induced anaesthesia in cats. Verstegen, J.; Fargetton, X.; Zanker, S.; Donnay, I.; Ectors, F. London : The Association; 1991 Jan. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 128 (3): p. 57-60; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Anesthesia; Drug antagonism; Narcotic antagonists; Yohimbine; 4-aminopyridine; Anesthetics; Ketamine 51 NAL Call. No.: 450 P697 Anti-infammatory and analgesic effects of an aqueous extract of Harpagophytum procumbens. Lanhers, M.C.; Fleurentin, J.; Mortier, F.; Vinche, A.; Younos, C. Stuttgart, W. Ger. : Georg Thieme Verlag; 1992 Apr. Planta medica v. 58 (2): p. 117-123; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Harpagophytum procumbens; Plant extracts; Pharmaceutical products; Antiinflammatory agents; Analgesics; Rats; Mice 52 NAL Call. No.: RS160.I47 Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and antibacterial activity of Astragalus siculus Biv. Bisignano, G. \u University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Iauk, L.; Kirjavainen, S.; Galati, E.M. Lisse, Netherlands : Swets & Zeitlinger B.V., 1991-; 1994 Oct. International journal of pharmacognosy : a journal of crude drug research v. 32 (4): p. 400-405; 1994 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Astragalus; Medicinal plants; Medicinal properties; Plant extracts; Antibacterial properties; Inflammation; Pain; Fever; Rats; Mice 53 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484 Antinociceptive effects of pyridoxine, thiamine, and cyanocobalamin in rats. Bartoszyk, G.D.; Wild, A. New York, N.Y. : The Academy; 1990. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 585: p. 473-476; 1990. In the series analytic: Vitamin B6 / edited by K. Dakshinamurti. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cyanocobalamin; Pyridoxine; Thiamin; Dosage effects; Pain; Rats 54 NAL Call. No.: RS164.P59 Antioedema and analgesic actions of Diodia scandens extracts in rats and mice. Akah, P.A.; Okogun, J.I.; Ekpendu, T.O. Sussex : John Wiley & Sons; 1993 Jul. Phytotherapy research : PTR v. 7 (4): p. 317-319; 1993 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rubiaceae; Medicinal plants; Pharmaceutical products; Plant extracts; Leaves; Medicinal properties; Inflammation; Edema; Analgesics; Pain; Mice; Rats 55 NAL Call. No.: RS160.J6 Anxiolytic activity of Panax ginseng roots: an experimental study. Bhattacharya, S.K.; Mitra, S.K. Limerick : Elsevier Scientific Publishers; 1991 Aug. Journal of ethno-pharmacology v. 34 (1): p. 87-92; 1991 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Panax pseudoginseng; Roots; Diazepam; Anxiety; Behavior; Rats Abstract: The putative anxiolytic activity of the white and red varieties of ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng, was investigated in rats and mice using a number of experimental paradigms of anxiety and compared with that of diazepam. Pilot studies indicated that single-dose administration of ginseng had little to no acute behavioral effects, hence the two varieties of ginseng were administered orally at two dose levels twice daily for 5 days, while diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered acutely. White and red varieties of ginseng (20 and 50 mg/kg) showed positive results when tested against several paradigms of experimental anxiety. Both were effective in the open-field and elevated plus-maze tests and reduced conflict behaviour in thirsty rats and footshock-induced fighting in paired mice. Ginseng also attenuated pentylenetetrazole-induced decrease in rat brain MAO activity, confirming its anxiolytic activity since this has been proposed to be an endogenous marker for anxiety. The effects induced by white and red ginseng (50 mg/kg X 5 days) were comparable to those induced by diazepam (1 mg/kg). 56 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V6425 Aquarium fish medicine. Carter, C.J.; Nieves, M.A. Ames : Iowa State University, 1959-; 1993. Iowa State University veterinarian v. 55 (1): p. 10-16; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ornamental fishes; Aquarium fishes; Pets; Pet care; Diagnostic techniques; Fish diseases; Anesthesia; Drug therapy 57 NAL Call. No.: SF910.P34A55 1992 Assessment of analgesia by catecholamine analysis: resopnse to onychectomy in cats. Benson, G.J.; Lin, H.C.; Thurmon, J.C.; Olson, W.A.; Tranquilli, W.J. New York : Churchill Livingstone; 1992. Animal pain / edited by Charles E. Short, Alan Van Poznak. p. 436-439, 476-477; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Analgesics; Catecholamines; Postoperative care; Surgical operations; Drug effects 58 NAL Call. No.: QL55.L342 Assessment of discomfort in laboratory rodents. Beynen, A.C.; Baumans, V.; Herck, H. van; Stafleu, F.R. Potters Bar : Universities Federation for Animal Welfare; 1989. Laboratory animal welfare research : rodents : proc of a symposium organized by Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, held at the Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Univ of London, Egham, Surrey, 22nd April 1988. p. 64-70; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rodents; Laboratory animals; Animal welfare; Pain; Clinical examination 59 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292 Assessment of methadone as an anaesthetic premedicant in cats. Dobromylskyj, P. London : British Veterinary Association; 1993 Dec. The Journal of small animal practice v. 34 (12): p. 604-608; 1993 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Preanesthetic medication; Methadone; Dosage; Dosage effects; Duration; Adverse effects; Respiration rate; Heart rate; Respiration 60 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43 The assessment of pain in the burned child and associated studies in the laboratory rat. Osgood, P.F. Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council; 1991. I.L.A.R. news v. 33 (1/2): p. 13-18; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Children; Pain; Evaluation 61 NAL Call. No.: RS164.P59 Assessment of the hypnotic/sedative effects and toxicity of Passiflora edulis aqueous extract in rodents and humans. Maluf, E.; Barros, H.M.T.; Frochtengarten, M.L.; Benti, R.; Leite, J.R. Sussex : John Wiley & Sons; 1991 Dec. Phytotherapy research : PTR v. 5 (6): p. 262-266; 1991 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Passiflora edulis; Leaves; Plant extracts; Medicinal properties; Drug toxicity; Folk medicine; Mice; Rats; Man 62 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Atracurium administration, as an infusion, to induce neuromuscular blockade in clinically normal and temporarily immune-suppressed cats. Ilkiw, J.E.; Forsyth, S.F.; Hill, T.; Gregory, C.R. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1990 Nov01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 197 (9): p. 1153-1156; 1990 Nov01. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Muscle relaxants; Infusion; Immunosuppression; Cyclosporins; Prednisolone; Drug combinations 63 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Atraumatic endotracheal intubation in small rabbits. Conlon, K.C.; Corbally, M.T.; Bading, J.R.; Brennan, M.F. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Mar. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (2): p. 221-222. ill; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rabbits; Trachea; Tubes; Inhaled anesthetics; Anesthesia; Laboratory methods 64 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Atrial fibrillation in halothane- and isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. Freeman, L.C.; Ack, J.A.; Fligner, M.A.; Muir, W.W. III Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Jan. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (1): p. 174-177; 1990 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Halothane; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Heart diseases Abstract: Programmed electrical stimulation techniques were used to evaluate the effects of halothane and isoflurane on induction of atrial fibrillation in anesthetized dogs. Experiments were performed in 16 dogs anesthetized with alpha- chloralose. Critically timed premature stimuli were applied to the right atrial appendage and Bachmann bundle to determine the atrial fibrillation threshold, defined as the minimal current required to induce rapid, irregular atrial electrical activity of at least 8 seconds' duration. Atrial fibrillation thresholds were determined at baseline (0.0% inhalational anesthetic), 0.5 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC), and 1.0 MAC of halothane (n = 8) and isoflurane (n = 8). In the absence of inhalation anesthetic, it was significantly (P < 0.01) easier to induce atrial fibrillation at the Bachmann bundle vs the right atrial appendage. Atrial fibrillation threshold at the Bachmann bundle was not affected by increasing concentrations of halothane, but was increased by 1.0 MAC of isoflurane (P < 0.05). It was concluded that at 1.0 MAC isoflurane, but not halothane, has antifibrillatory effects in atrial tissue. 65 NAL Call. No.: RB127.P34 Attempts to gauge the relative importance of pre- and postsynaptic effects of morphine on the transmission of noxious messages in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord. Lombard, M.C.; Besson, J.M. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1989 Jun. Pain : the journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain v. 37 (3): p. 335-345. ill; 1989 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Spinal cord; Morphine; Neurophysiology; Neurons; Pain 66 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Autonomic and cardiovascular effects of neuromuscular blockade antagonism in the dog. Clutton, R.E.; Boyd, C.; Flora, R.; Payne, J.; McGrath, C.J. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1992 Jan. Veterinary surgery v. 21 (1): p. 68-75; 1992 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Nervous system; Drug combinations; Cardiovascular system; Drug effects 67 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3 Barotrauma in a cat. Manning, M.M.; Brunson, D.B. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1994 Jul01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 205 (1): p. 62-64; 1994 Jul01. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Lungs; Trauma; Internal pressure; Anesthesia; Lung ventilation; Accidents; Case reports 68 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia attributed to topical application of the anesthetic in several laboratory animal species. Davis, J.A.; Greenfield, R.E.; Brewer, T.G. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Aug. American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (8): p. 1322-1326; 1993 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Benzocaine; Adverse effects; Topical application; Methemoglobinemia; Species differences Abstract: In a screening study, a common benzocaine- containing anesthetic was topically applied to the following species: dogs (n = 11), domestic shorthair cats (n = 38), Long-Evans rats (n = 22), Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 11), ferrets (n = 6), rhesus monkeys (n = 10), cynomolgus monkeys (n = 10), owl monkeys (n = 10), New Zealand White rabbits (n = 18), miniature pigs (n = 9), ICR mice (n = 4), C3H mice (n = 4), and C57BL/10SnJ mice (n = 24). All animals, except mice and rats, received a 2-second spray to the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx for an estimated dose of 56 mg. A 2-second spray to rodents' oral mucous membranes delivered too great a volume of fluid for these animals; therefore, an equivalent dose was applied to the oral mucosa membranes by use of a 23- gauge needle and syringe. Initial (baseline) blood samples, as well as 4 blood samples taken every 15 minutes after drug application, were analyzed for methemoglobin (MHb), using an oximeter. Positive MHb response (> 3 SD above baseline) was seen in individuals of all groups. The study was repeated in dogs several months later to confirm low response. Response to benzocaine spray was observed in most animals tested, with response peaking between 15 and 30 minutes after dosing. Positive MHb response ranged from 3.5 to 38%, was detected in > 95% of individual animals, and ranged from 15 to 60 minutes after drug administration. Responses were variable because of the screening nature of the study and the topical route of drug administration, but the highest responses were observed in rabbits and cats, and the lowest were seen in mice and dogs. Methemoglobin could be a confounding variable for several types of studies; investigators should consider this toxicity of benzocaine-containing topical anesthetics and use appropriate alternative methods or drugs (ie, lidocaine). 69 NAL Call. No.: 447.8 Am3 Blunted effect of ANP on hematocrit and plasma volume in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Valentin, J.P.; Sechi, L.A.; Humphreys, M.H. Bethesda, Md. : American Physiological Society, 1898-; 1994 Feb. American journal of physiology v. 266 (2,pt.2): p. R584- R591; 1994 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diabetes mellitus; Experimental diabetes; Peptides; Hematocrit; Blood volume; Blood pressure; Blood sugar; Guanosine monophosphate; Rats Abstract: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) infusion increases hematocrit and decreases plasma volume by inducing a transfer of plasma fluid from the vascular to the interstitial compartment. Diabetes mellitus is associated with resistance to the renal actions of ANP. We explored the possibility that the extrarenal responses to ANP may also be altered in the diabetic state by measuring changes in arterial pressure and hematocrit during infusion of ANP (1 microgram.kg-1.min-1 for 45 min) into anesthetized, acutely nephrectomized rats 2-3 wk after induction of diabetes from intravenous streptozotocin (STZ) injection (60 mg/kg). Blood glucose was significantly elevated in diabetic rats when compared with control and insulin-treated diabetic rats. Arterial pressure during ANP infusion decreased similarly in control, diabetic, and insulin-treated diabetic rats (by 7.6 +/- 1.6, 9.6 +/- 1.9, and 8.2 +/- 2% respectively; all P < 0.002). In control rats, hematocrit increased progressively to a maximum value of 9.5 +/- 0.9% as a result of the infusion, corresponding to a decrease in plasma volume of 16.3 +/- 1.3%. In contrast, the ANP-induced increase in hematocrit was markedly blunted in diabetic rats (1.6 +/- 0.8%; P < 0.0001 vs. ANP infusion in control rats). Reducing the hyperglycemia in diabetic rats by insulin therapy restored the increase in hematocrit in response to ANP (8.5 +/- 1.1%; P < 0.0001 vs. ANP infusion in diabetic rats and P = NS vs. control rats). ANP infusion increased plasma ANP levels to the same extent in the three groups, whereas plasma guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) was significantly less in diabetic as compared with control and insulin-treated diabetic rats. Acute reduction of hyperglycemia did not restore the ANP-induced increase in hematocrit (1.3 +/-2.2%; P = NS vs. ANP infusion in diabetic rats). This study demonstrates that 1) the effect of ANP on hematocrit and fluid distribution is blunted in STZ-induced diabetes, while its hypotensive action is preserved, and 2) restoring the glucose levels to normal in diabetic rats by chronic but not by acute insulin treatment normalizes the hemoconcentrating effect of exogenously administered ANP. Such a defect is reflected in a blunted plasma cGMP concentration after ANP infusion in STZ-diabetic rats and may contribute to the altered body fluid physiology in this condition. 70 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Butorphanol does not reduce the minimum alveolar concentration of halothane in dogs. Quandt, J.E.; Raffe, M.R.; Robinson, E.P. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1994 Mar. Veterinary surgery v. 23 (2): p. 156-159; 1994 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Opioids; Halothane susceptibility; Drug effects; Dosage effects; Heart rate; Blood pressure; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system; Anesthesia 71 NAL Call. No.: 428 C763 Carbon dioxide: an alternative to ether as an anesthetic in a plague surveillance program. Ramirez, J.A.; Hall, F.; Fujioka, K.K. Sacramento, Calif. : The Association; 1991. Proceedings and papers of the annual conference of the California Mosquito and Vector Control Association v. 59: p. 86-88; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: California; Spermophilus beecheyi; Disease vectors; Anesthetics; Carbon dioxide; Monitoring; Rodent control 72 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Carbon dioxide as a short-term restraint anaesthetic in rats with subclinical respiratory disease. Fenwick, D.C.; Blackshaw, J.K. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Jul. Laboratory animals v. 23 (3): p. 220-228; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Inhaled anesthetics; Oxygen; Anesthesia; Carbon dioxide; Respiratory diseases; Safety; Restraint of animals Abstract: The use of carbon dioxide (CO2) with, and without, oxygen (O2) as a short-term restraint anaesthetic for Wistar rats in which subclinical respiratory disease was endemic, was assessed in 3 separate experiments. In the first, rats were placed in a CO2 atmosphere generated from solid CO2 chips in a 701 plastic bin, and removed at time intervals ranging from 0 to 120 s after disappearance of the pedal reflex. Eight of 25 rats died, including 2 which were removed immediately the pedal reflex disappeared; it was concluded that CO2 without O2 was not a suitable short-term anaesthetic for rats. In a second study, rats were anaesthetized in atmospheres of 50:50 and 80:20 (CO2:O2) provided from commercially available cylinders, in 2 different environments--a 3.41 glass jar and a 171 plastic bin. Rats became excited in the plastic bin but not the glass jar. Rats in the glass jar displayed visible depression and cessation of whiskers movement significantly more quickly in the 80:20 (CO2:O2) than in the 50:50 mixture (4.2 +/- 0.98 s, n = 6, and 66.0 +/- 4.9 s, n = 6 vs 13.8 +/- 2.77 s, n = 5 and 152.0 +/- 20.8 s, n = 5, respectively). Rats in the 171 plastic bin lost their pedal reflexes in a mean 41.5 +/- 4.55 s (n = 11) in the 50:50 mixture and in a mean 30.9 +/- 6.38 s (n = 11) in the 80:20 (CO2:O2) group. Those left in the 50:50 mixture for 60 s and 180 s after disappearance of their pedal reflexes, recovered these reflexes in 20.2 +/- 0.44 s and 21.5 +/- 7.23 s respectively after removal from the gas. Respiration and heart beat ceased in one rat remaining in the 50:50 mixture after 13 min 10 s. No untoward effects occurred in rats left in the 50:50 mixture for 180 s after disappearance of the pedal reflex, but 2 died when left for an equivalent period in the 80:20 mixture. In the third study, examples of the practical use of a 50:50 mixture as a short term restraint anaesthetic are described. It was concluded that this mixture was a cheap, safe, and effective means of sh 73 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A Cardiobascular effects of intravenous bolus administration and infusion of ketamine-midazolam in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. Jacobson, J.D.; Hartsfield, S.M. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Oct. American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (10): p. 1715-1720; 1993 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Ketamine; Benzodiazepines; Drug combinations; Inhaled anesthetics; Boluses; Intravenous injection; Drug effects; Cardiovascular system Abstract: Cardiovascular effects of IV administered ketamine (10 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) were determined in 12 healthy isoflurane-anesthetized (1.7% end-tidal concentration) dogs. Six dogs received a ketamine-midazolam combination (K-M) as a bolus over 30 seconds and 6 dogs received K-M as an infusion over 15 minutes. Ketamine-midazolam combination as a bolus and an infusion caused early significant (P < 0.05) reductions in mean systemic blood pressure, cardiac index, and stroke index, which returned to baseline values near the end of the study. Heart rate decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in dogs of the infusion group and returned to the baseline value near the end of the study. One dog died after K-M bolus administration. Mean maximal decreases from baseline for systemic blood pressure, cardiac index, and stroke index were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in dogs of the bolus group than in dogs of the infusion group; therefore, cardiovascular effects of K-M after infusion were less severe than those after bolus. Base excess and pHa decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the infusion group, although similar changesoccurred in both groups. Four dogs were maintained with 1.7% end-tidal isoflurane to determine temporal effects of isoflurane; these dogs did not receive K-M. Increases in heart rate, cardiac index, stroke index, and left and right ventricular stroke work indexes were significant (P < 0.05) at various sample collection intervals, particularly during the later stages of the study. Isoflurane anesthesia effectively blocked the cardiostimulatory properties of K-M. Ketamine-midazolam combination should be used cautiously during isoflurane anesthesia, and administration by slow infusion may be safer than by rapid bolus administration. 74 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Cardiopulmonary and behavioral effects of combinations of acepromazine/butorphanol and acepromazine/oxymorphone in dogs. Cornick, J.L.; Hartsfield, S.M. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Jun15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 200 (12): p. 1952-1956; 1992 Jun15. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Opioids; Neuroleptics; Intravenous injection; Intramuscular injection; Drug combinations; Anesthesia; Heart rate; Respiration rate; Blood pressure; Body temperature; Blood; Ph; Bicarbonates; Oxygen; Carbon dioxide 75 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Cardiopulmonary, anesthetic, and postanesthetic effects of intravenous infusions of propofol in Greyhounds and non- Greyhounds. Robertson, S.A.; Johnston, S.; Beemsterboer, J. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Jun. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (6): p. 1027-1032; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Injectable anesthetics; Breeds; Crossbreds; Intravenous injection; Cardiovascular system; Recovery; Anesthesia; Adverse effects Abstract: The cardiopulmonary, anesthetic, and postanesthetic effects of an iv infusion of the hypnotic agent propofol were assessed in 6 Greyhounds and 7 non-Greyhounds. After IM injection of acetylpromazine and atropine, a bolus injection of propofol sufficient to allow endotracheal intubation (mean +/-SEM = 4.0 +/- 0.3 mg/kg of body weight in Greyhounds; 3.2 +/- 0.1 mg/kg in non-Greyhounds) was administered, followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 0.4 mg/kg/min for 60 minutes, during which time dogs breathed 100% oxygen. In 23% of all dogs (3 of 13), apnea developed after initial bolus administration of propofol. Arterial blood pressure was well maintained in all dogs, but heart and respiratory rates were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during the infusion in Greyhounds. In Greyhounds, mild respiratory acidosis developed after 45 minutes, whereas arterial carbon dioxide tension was increased at all times after propofol administration in non- Greyhounds. In all dogs, PCV and total plasma proteins were unaffected by propofol. Rectal temperature decreased during treatment. Muscle tremors were observed in approximately 50% of dogs (in 3 of 6 Greyhounds and 3 of 7 non-Greyhounds) during and after infusion of propofol. Non-Greyhounds lifted their heads, assumed sternal recumbency, and stood 10 +/- 1, 15 +/- 3, and 28 +/- 5 minutes, respectively, after the end of the infusion; in Greyhounds, the corresponding times were 36 +/- 4, 43 +/- 6, and 63 +/- 7 minutes. 76 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Cardiopulmonary effects of halothane anesthesia in cats. Grandy, J.L.; Hodgson, D.S.; Dunlop, C.I.; Curtis, C.R.; Heath, R.B. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Oct. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (10): p. 1729-1732. ill; 1989 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cat; Anesthesia; Halothane; Ventilation; Respiration rate; Cardiovascular system Abstract: The cardiopulmonary effects of 2 planes of halothane anesthesia (halothane end-tidal concentrations of 1.78% [light anesthesia] and 2.75% [deep anesthesia]) and 2 ventilatory modes (spontaneous ventilation [SV] or mechanically controlled ventilation [CV]) were studied in 8 cats. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with halothane in O2 only, and each cat was administered each treatment according to a Latin square design. Cardiac output, arterial blood pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory frequency, and PaO2, PaCO2, and pH were measured during each treatment. Stroke volume, cardiac index, and total peripheral resistance were calculated. A probability value of less than 5% was accepted as significant. In the cats, cardiac output, cardiac index, and stroke volume were reduced by deep anesthesia and CV, although only the reduction attributable to CV was significant. Systemic arterial pressure was significantly reduced by use of deep anesthesia and CV. Respiratory frequency was significantly lower during CV than during SV. Arterial P(O2) was significantly decreased at the deeper plane of anesthesia, compared with the lighter plane. At the deeper plane of anesthesia, arterial P(CO2) and pulmonary arterial pressure were significantly lower during CV than during SV. The deeper plane of halothane anesthesia depressed cardiopulmonary function in these cats, resulting in hypotension and considerable hypercapnia. Compared with SV, CV significantly reduced circulatory variables and should be used with care in cats. Arterial blood pressure was judged to be more useful for assessing anesthetic depth than was heart rate or respiratory frequency. 77 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A Cardiopulmonary effects of halothane in hypovolemic dogs. Pascoe, P.J.; Haskins, S.C.; Ilkiw, J.E.; Patz, J.D. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1994 Jan. American journal of veterinary research v. 55 (1): p. 121-126; 1994 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Halothane; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system; Hypovolemia; Anesthesia; Blood pressure Abstract: Cardiopulmonary effects of halothane administration were studied in hypovolemic dogs. Baseline cardiopulmonary data were recorded from conscious dogs after instrumentation. Hypovolemia was induced by withdrawal of blood from dogs until mean arterial pressure of 60 mm of Hg was achieved. Blood pressure was maintained at 60 mm of Hg for 1 hour, by further removal or replacement of blood. Halothane was delivered by face mask, dogs were intubated, then halothane end-tidal concentration of 1.13 +/- 0.02% was maintained, and cardiopulmonary effects were measured 3, 15, 30, and 60 minutes later. After blood withdrawal and prior to halothane administration, systemic vascular resistance index, oxygen extraction, and base deficit increased. Compared with baseline values, these variables were decreased: mean arterial pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure, cardiac index, oxygen delivery index, oxygen consumption index, mixed venous oxygen tension, mixed venous oxygen content, venous admixture, arterial bicarbonate concentration, and mixed venous pH. At all times after intubation, arterial and venous oxygen tensions and mixed venous carbon dioxide tensions were increased. Three minutes after intubation, base deficit and mixed venous carbon dioxide tension increased, and mean arterial pressure and arterial and venous pH decreased, compared with values measured immediately prior to halothane administration. Fifteen minutes after intubation, systemic vascular resistance index decreased and, at 15 and 30 minutes, mean arterial pressure and arterial and venous pH remained decreased. At 60 minutes, mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure were increased and mixed venous pH was decreased, compared with values measured before halothane administration. Results of this study indicated that induction of anesthesia with halothane and maintenance at an end-tidal halothane concentration of 1.13% induced significant changes in blood pressure, with minimal effects on cardiac output and pulmonary function, when administered to hypovolemic dogs. 78 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 The cardiopulmonary effects of placing fentanyl or medetomidine in the lumbosacral epidural space of isoflurane- anesthetized cats. Duke, T.; Komulainen Cox, A.M.; Remedios, A.M.; Cribb, P.H. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1994 Mar. Veterinary surgery v. 23 (2): p. 149-155; 1994 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Fentanyl; Medetomidine; Conduction anesthesia; Inhaled anesthetics; Drug effects; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system; Blood pressure; Heart rate; Respiration rate; Respiratory gases; Bicarbonates; Ph; Blood 79 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Cardiopulmonary responses to experimentally induced gastric dilatation in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. Hodgson, D.S.; Dunlop, C.I.; Chapman, P.L.; Grandy, J.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Jun. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (6): p. 938-943; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Inhaled anesthetics; Stomach diseases; Cardiovascular system; Heart rate; Blood pressure; Respiration Abstract: Gastric dilatation was experimentally induced in 6 anesthetized dogs maintained with constant-dose isoflurane in oxygen. An intragastric balloon was used to distend the stomach with a constant 30 mm of Hg for 3.5 hours. The PaCO2, was maintained between 35 and 45 mm of Hg, using intermittent positive-pressure ventilation. Cardiopulmonary measurements prior to stomach distension (baseline) were compared with measurements taken during 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 hours of stomach distension by analyzing the change from baseline in a randomized-block analysis with each dog as a block. After distending the stomach, cardiac index increased (P < 0.01) from 1.5 to 3.5 hours. Stroke volume did not change, thus the increase in the, cardiac index was attributable to an increase in heart rate. During inflation, increases were observed in systemic arterial, pulmonary arterial, and right atrial pressure. Respiratory frequency was unchanged; however, to maintain PaCO2, constant, it was necessary to progressively increase peak airway pressure. Although PaO2, tended to decrease during gastric dilation, the dogs were never hypoxemic. These results indicate that when our methods are used to maintain a constant anesthetic dose of isoflurane in oxygen, an observed increase in cardiovascular performance is expected. This differs from other studies in anesthetized dogs that have shown reduction in cardiovascular performance following gastric dilatation. 80 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Cardiorespiratory effects of combined midazolam and butorphanol in isoflurane-anesthetized cats. Gross, M.E.; Smith, J.A.; Tranquilli, W.J. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Mar. Veterinary surgery v. 22 (2): p. 159-162; 1993 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Neuroleptics; Drug combinations; Anesthesia 81 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Cardiorespiratory effects of four opioid-tranquilizer combinations in dogs. Jacobson, J.D.; McGrath, C.J.; Smith, E.P. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1994 Jul. Veterinary surgery v. 23 (4): p. 299-306; 1994 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Opioids; Neuroleptics; Drug combinations; Drug effects; Heart rate; Blood pressure; Blood; Ph; Gases; Arrhythmia; Anesthesia 82 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A Cardiorespiratory effects of glycopyrrolate-butorphanol- xylazine combination, with and without nasal administration of oxygen in dogs. Jacobson, J.D.; McGrath, C.J.; Ko, C.H.; Smith, E.P. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1994 Jun. American journal of veterinary research v. 55 (6): p. 835-841; 1994 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Drug combinations; Parasympatholytics; Analgesics; Xylazine; Drug effects; Cardiovascular system; Oxygen Abstract: Cardiopulmonary consequences of IV administered glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg of body weight), followed in 11 +/- 2 minutes by butorphanol (0.2 mg/ kg) and xylazine (0.5 mg/kg), were evaluated in 6 dogs, with and without nasal administration of oxygen (100 ml/kg/min). Glycopyrrolate caused significant (P < 0.05) increases in heart rate and cardiac index and significant (P < 0.05) decreases in stroke index. Subsequent administration of butorphanol and xylazine was associated with significant (P < 0.05) increases in systemic vascular resistance, mean arterial blood pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, PaCO2, venous admixture, oxygen extraction ratio, and hemoglobin concentration. It caused significant (P < 0.05) decreases in cardiac index, stroke index, breathing rate, minute volume index, oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption. Mean arterial blood pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, tidal volume index, and minute volume index were significantly (P < 0.05) higher when dogs were breathing room air. The arterial and venous PO2, and PCO2, and venous oxygen content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher, and the arterial and venous pH, and oxygen consumption were significantly (P < 0.05) lower when oxygen was administered. Pulsus alternans and S-T segment depression were observed in dogs of both groups. Ventricular premature contractions were observed in 1 dog breathing room air. All dogs were intubated briefly 15 minutes after administration of butorphanol and xylazine. Time to first spontaneous movement was 45 minutes. All dogs remained in lateral recumbency without physical restraint for 60 minutes. 83 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A Cardiorespiratory effects of induction and maintenance of anesthesia with ketamine-midazolam combination, with and without prior administration of butorphanol or oxymorphone. Jacobson, J.D.; McGrath, C.J.; Smith, E.P. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1994 Apr. American journal of veterinary research v. 55 (4): p. 543-550; 1994 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Ketamine; Benzodiazepines; Drug combinations; Preanesthetic medication; Opioids; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system; Drug effects Abstract: Cardiorespiratory effects of an IV administered bolus of ketamine (7.5 mg/kg of body weight) and midazolam (0.375 mg/kg) followed by IV infusion of ketamine (200 micrograms/kg/min) and midazolam (10 micrograms/ kg/min) for 60 minutes was determined in 6 dogs. Ketamine-midazolam combination was administered to dogs on 3 occasions to determine effects of prior administration of IV administered saline solution (1 ml), butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg), or oxymorphone (0.1 mg/kg). The infusion rate of ketamine and midazolam was decreased by 25% for anesthetic maintenance after opioid administration. There were no significant differences in cardiorespiratory variables after saline solution or butorphanol administration; however, oxymorphone caused significant (P < 0.05) increases in mean arterial blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and breathing rate. Bolus administration of ketamine-midazolam combination after saline solution caused significant (P < 0.05) increases in heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, mean pulmonary blood pressure, venous admixture, and significant decreases in stroke index, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, arterial and mixed venous oxygen tension, arterial oxygen content, and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient. Opioid administration was associated with significantly (P < 0.05) lower values than was saline administration for heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and arterial and mixed venous pH and with higher values for stroke index, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and arterial and mixed venous carbon dioxide tension. Prior oxymorphone administration resulted in the highest (P < 0.05) values for mean pulmonary blood pressure, venous admixture, and arterial and mixed venous carbon dioxide tension, and the lowest values for arterial oxygen tension, and arterial and mixed venous pH. Each treatment provided otherwise uncomplicated anesthetic induction, maintenance, and recovery. Time to extubation, sternal recumbency, and walking with minimal ataxia was similar for each treatment. 84 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A Cardiorespiratory effects of intravenous bolus administration and infusion of ketamine-midazolam in dogs. Jacobson, J.D.; Hartsfield, S.M. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Oct. American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (10): p. 1710-1714; 1993 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Ketamine; Drug combinations; Benzodiazepines; Drug effects; Heart rate; Blood pressure; Respiration; Duration; Adverse effects Abstract: Twelve healthy dogs were used to determine the cardiorespiratory effects of IV administered ketamine (10 mg/kg of body weight) and midazolam (0.5 mg/ kg). Half the dogs received a ketamine-midazolam combination (K-M) as a bolus over 30 seconds and the other half received the K-M as an infusion over 15 minutes. Induction of anesthesia by use of K-M was good in all dogs. Ketamine-midazolam combination as a bolus or infusion induced minimal cardiorespiratory effects, except for significant (p < 0.05) increases in mean heart rate and rate-pressure product. The increase in heart rate was greater in dogs of the infusion group. Mild and transient respiratory depression was observed in dogs of both groups immediately after administration of K-M, but was greater in dogs of the bolus group than in dogs of the infusion group. Duration of action of K-M for chemical restraint was short. Salivation and defecation were observed in a few dogs. Extreme muscular tone developed in 1 dog after K-M bolus administration. 85 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Cardiorespiratory effects of the intravenous administration of Tiletamine-zolazepam to dogs. Hellyer, P.; Muir, W.W. III; Hubbell, J.A.E.; Sally, J. Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1989 Mar. Veterinary surgery v. 18 (2): p. 160-165; 1989 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Respiration; Heart rate; Benzodiazepine; Cycloheximide; Anesthetics; Drug combinations 86 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of propofol adminsitration in hypovolemic dogs. Ilkiw, J.E.; Pascoe, P.J.; Haskins, S.C.; Patz, J.D. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Dec. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (12): p. 2323-2327; 1992 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthetics; Dosage effects Abstract: Cardiopulmonary effects of propofol were studied in hypovolemic dogs from completion of, until 1 hour after administration. Hypovolemia was induced by withdrawal of blood from dogs until mean arterial pressure of 60 mm of Hg was achieved. After stabilization at this pressure for 1 hour, 6 mg of propofol/kg of body weight was administered IV to 7 dogs, and cardiopulmonary effects were measured. After blood withdrawal and prior to propofol administration, oxygen utilization ratio increased, whereas mean arterial pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac index, oxygen delivery, mixed venous oxygen tension, and mixed venous oxygen content decreased from baseline. Three minutes after propofol administration, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, oxygen utilization ratio, venous admixture, and arterial and mixed venous carbon dioxide tensions increased, whereas mean arterial pressure, arterial oxygen tension, mixed venous oxygen content, arterial and mixed venous pH decreased from values measured prior to propofol administration. Fifteen minutes after propofol administration, mixed venous carbon dioxide tension was still increased; however by 30 minutes after propofol administration, all measurements had returned to values similar to those measured prior to propofol administration. 87 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Cardiovascular changes in unanesthetized and ketamine- anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to 2.8-GHz radiofrequency radiation. Jauchem, J.R.; Frei, M.R. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Jan. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (1): p. 70-75; 1991 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Radiation; Ketamine; Anesthesia; Body temperature; Heart rate; Blood pressure; Strain differences Abstract: Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 2.8-GHz radiofrequency radiation, first while unanesthetized and then while anesthetized with ketamine (150 mg/kg, I.M.). Irradiation at a power density of 60 mW/cm2 (whole-body average specific absorption rate of approximately 14 W/kg) was conducted for sufficient duration to increase colonic temperature from 38.5 to 39.5 degrees C. The time required for the temperature increase was significantly longer in the anesthetized state. During irradition, heart rate increased significantly both with and without anesthesia, while mean arterial blood pressure increased only when the rats were unanesthetized. The heart rate increase in the anesthetized state contrasts with a lack of change in a previous study of Fischer rats. This difference between anesthetized Sprague- Dawley and Fischer rats should be considered when comparing cardiovascular data obtained from these two strains of rats. 88 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Cardiovascular effects of a continuous two-hour propofol infusion in dogs: comparison with isoflurane anesthesia. Keegan, R.D.; Greene, S.A. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Nov. Veterinary surgery v. 22 (6): p. 537-543; 1993 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Injectable anesthetics; Inhaled anesthetics 89 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Cardiovascular effects of butorphanol administration in isoflurane-O2 anesthetized healthy dogs. Tyner, C.L.; Greene, S.A.; Hartsfield, S.M. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Sep. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (8): p. 1340-1342; 1989 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Cardiovascular system; Drug effects; Anesthetics Abstract: Cardiovascular consequences of butorphanol tartrate (0.2 mg/kg of body weight, IV) administration during isoflurane (1.7% end-tidal concentration) anesthesia were determined in mechanically ventilated healthy dogs. Butorphanol administration caused significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) reductions in mean, systolic, and diastolic arterial blood pressures; cardiac output; and rate-pressure product. 90 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Cardiovascular effects of butorphanol in halothane- anesthetized dogs. Greene, S.A.; Hartsfield, S.M.; Tyner, C.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1990 Aug. American journal of veterinary research v. 51 (8): p. 1276-1279; 1990 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Halothane; Anesthesia; Cardiovascular system; Detoxicants Abstract: Cardiovascular effects of butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg of body weight, IV) and responses associated with subsequent administration of naloxone (0.04 mg/kg, IV) were studied in halothane (1.2% end-tidal concentration)-anesthetized dogs. Transient, but statistically significant (P < 0.05), decreases in heart rate, mean and diastolic arterial blood pressures, and rate-pressure product were observed after butorphanol administration. Cardiac index, stroke volume, and systemic vascular resistance did not change significantly. Except for the decrease in heart rate, changes in the values of the cardiovascular variables measured after butorphanol administration did not appear to be clinically relevant. Sixty minutes after butorphanol administration, naloxone was given. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) increases in heart rate, arterial blood pressures, cardiac index, and rate-pressure product, along with dysrhythmias were observed. Stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance remained unchanged after administration of naloxone. Naloxone administration was associated with changes indicative of increased myocardial oxygen consumption. 91 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Cardiovascular effects of vasopressors in halothane- anesthetized dogs before and after hemorrhage. Curtis, M.B.; Bednarski, R.M.; Majors, L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Nov. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (11): p. 1859-1865; 1989 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Halothane; Anesthesia; Sympathomimetics; Vasoconstrictor agents; Hemorrhage; Cardiovascular system Abstract: Exogenously administered vasopressors (sympathomimetics) were evaluated in halothane-anesthetized dogs to determine the effects of these drugs on cardiovascular function before and after hemorrhage. Six dogs were anesthetized with thiamylal sodium (20 mg/kg of body weight) and halothane (1.25 minimal alveolar concentration) in 100% oxygen. After instrumentation, cardiac output, systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and an index of cardiac contractility (dP/dT) were measured. Stroke volume, cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), rate-pressure product, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated. Epinephrine (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) and dobutamine (1, 5, and 10 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) were infused. Methoxamine was given in a bolus of 0.22 mg/kg, IV. All measurements were taken at 2.5 minutes after infusion, and were repeated after removal of 40% of the estimated blood volume. Dobutamine administered at the low dose before hemorrhage increased SAP and dP/dT. At the high and medium dose, dobutamine significantly increased CI, dP/dT, and SAP with no significant change in HR or SVR. The medium dose of epinephrine was the most effective dose of epinephrine at increasing key variables (CI, SI, dP/dT). The response of CI and SI to this dose was not significantly different from the changes seen with high-dose administration of dobutamine. The dP/dT was significantly lower with epinephrine than with dobutamine, and SVR and HR were unchanged with epinephrine, except at the low dose, which decreased SVR. Methoxamine significantly decreased CI, SVR, and HR, whereas SVR and SAP were increased significantly. After hemorrhage, the only variables that had a significant change in the absolute magnitude of the response to a drug, relative to the response before hemorrhage, were a significantly reduced abi 92 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Cardiovascular effects of vasopressors in isoflurane- anesthetized dogs before and after hemorrhage. Curtis, M.B.; Bednarski, R.M; Majors, L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Nov. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (11): p. 1866-1871; 1989 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Sympathomimetics; Vasoconstrictor agents; Hemorrhage; Cardiovascular system Abstract: Exogenously administered vasopressors (sympathomimetics were evaluated in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs to determine the effects of these drugs on cardiovascular function before and after hemorrhage. Six dogs were anesthetized with thiamylal sodium (20 mg/kg of body weight) and isoflurane (1.25 minimal alveolar concentration) in 100% oxygen. After instrumentation, cardiac output, systemic arterial blood pressure, heart rate (HR), left ventricular pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and an index of cardiac contractility (dP/dT) were measured. Stroke volume, cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), rate-pressure product, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated. Epinephrine (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) and dobutamine (1, 5, and 10 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) were infused. Methoxamine was given in a bolus of 0.22 mg/kg, IV. All measurements were taken at 2.5 minutes after infusion, and were repeated after removal of 40% of the estimated blood volume. Before hemorrhage, administration of high doses of dobutamine and medium and high doses of epinephrine were equally effective at increasing CI and SI. The dP/dT was increase to the greatest degree by administration of high doses of dobutamine. Administration of the low dose of dobutamine increased dP/dT, whereas administration of the low dose of epinephrine increased CI, HR, and SI, and decreased SVR. The HR and SVR were not increased by administration of any dose of dobutamine or of the medium and high doses of epinephrine. However, methoxamine increased SVR and decreased HR. Methoxamine decreased CI, SI, and dP/dT, but increased systemic arterial pressure to the same degree as that attributed to administration of high doses of dobutamine and epinephrine. After hemorrhage, effectiveness of the drugs in eliciting a response was unchanged, except for a decreased ability of dobutamine to increase rate-pressure product. Fur 93 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Cardiovascular function and serum catecholamine concentrations after anesthesia and surgery in the dog. Rawlings, C.A.; Tackett, R.L.; Bjorling, D.E.; Arnold, T.H. Jr Philadelphia, Pa. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1989 Jul. Veterinary surgery v. 18 (4): p. 255-260; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Surgical operations; Pain; Thermoregulation; Cardiovascular system; Catecholamines; Blood serum; Blood flow; Body temperature 94 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Cardiovascular responses to intracerebroventricular infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid in anesthetized strain 13 guinea pigs. Liu, C.T.; Guo, Z.M. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Jun. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (3): p. 275-279; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Guinea pigs; Cerebrospinal fluid; Infusion; Cerebral ventricles; Internal pressure; Blood pressure; Heart rate; Drug delivery systems Abstract: The cardiovascular effects of constant intracerebroventricular infusion in anesthetized strain 13 guinea pigs were studied. Bilateral cerebroventricles of the animals were catheterized stereotaxically with two 20-gauge blunt needles, penetrating 5 to 6 mm into the skull. Baseline cerebroventricular pressure values were 1.3 +/- 0.6 mmHg. After artificial cerebrospinal fluid was infused into the left ventricle at 0.5 ml/h, left cerebroventricular pressure increased to 8.1 +/- 1.6 mmHg (P < 0.01), while right cerebroventricular pressure reached 5.6 +/- 2.2 mmHg within 20 minutes. No significant changes in mean blood pressure or heart rate were observed. When intracerebroventricular infusion rate increased to 5.0 ml/h, cerebrospinal fluid pressures of left and right cerebroventricles increased to 40.0 +/- 4.8 and 38.4 +/- 4.7 mmHg within 10 minutes from baseline values of 1.5 +/- 0.5 and 1.7 +/- 0.7 mmHg, respectively. Simultaneously, mean blood pressure and heart rate increased from 72 +/- 4 to 101 +/- 9 mmHg and from 195 +/- 11 to 218 +/- 17 beats/min, respectively. However, 30 to 50 minutes later, mean blood pressure, heart rate, and cerebrospinal fluid pressure decreased abruptly, and two of four animals died. We suggest that this technique with a low infusion rate (< 0.5 ml/h) can be used to deliver certain drugs into the brain ventricles directly without producing undesirable effects on blood pressure or heart rate. 95 NAL Call. No.: SF406.C35 1992 The Care and use of amphibians, reptiles, and fish in research. Schaeffer, Dorcas O.; Kleinow, Kevin M.; Krulisch, Lee Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, Louisiana State University (Baton Rouge, La.), School of Veterinary Medicine Bethesda, Md. (4805 St. Elmo Ave., Bethesda 20814) : Scientists Center for Animal Welfare,; 1992. vii, 196 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Proceedings from a SCAW/LSUSVM- sponsored conference ... held April 8-9, 1991 in New Orleans, Louisiana ... November 1992. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Amphibians as laboratory animals; Reptiles as laboratory animals; Fish as laboratory animals 96 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Changes in cardiopulmonary variables and platelet count during anesthesia for total hip replacement in dogs. Otto, K.; Matis, U. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1994 Jul. Veterinary surgery v. 23 (4): p. 266-273; 1994 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Hips; Prostheses; Anesthesia; Platelet count; Surgery; Methodology; Adhesives; Cardiovascular system; Respiratory system 97 NAL Call. No.: QP631.N37 Characteristics of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins derived from short-necked clams (Tapes japonica) in Mikawa Bay. Okumura, M.; Yamada, S.; Oshima, Y.; Ishikawa, N. New York, NY : Wiley-Liss, Inc; 1994. Natural toxins v. 2 (3): p. 141-143; 1994. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Japan; Cabt; Clams; Tapes; Plankton; Toxins; Toxicity; Bioassays; Mice 98 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V6456 Children's pets (excluding the rabbit). Taylor, N.R. London : Wright; 1990. The Veterinary annual (30): p. 335-341; 1990. Language: English Descriptors: Hamsters; Golden hamsters; Cricetulus; Phodopus; Gerbils; Meriones libycus; Meriones unguiculatus; Guinea pigs; Mice; Mus musculus; Rats; Rattus norvegicus; Pet care; Anesthesia; Antibiotics; Dosage; Water intake; Antifungal agents; Antiparasitic agents 99 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63 Cisternal CSF and serum concentrations of morphine following epidural administration in the dog. Valverde, A.; Conlon, P.D.; Dyson, D.H.; Burger, J.P. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1992 Mar. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 15 (1): p. 91-95; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Morphine; Conduction anesthesia; Blood serum; Cerebrospinal fluid 100 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292 Clinical effectiveness of atipamezole as a medetomidine antagonist in cats. Vaha-Vahe, A.T. London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1990 Apr. The Journal of small animal practice v. 31 (4): p. 193-197; 1990 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cat; Analgesics; Detoxicants; Drug antagonism; Drug effects; Adverse effects; Dosage effect 101 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63 The clinical effectiveness of atipamezole as a medetomidine antagonist in the dog. Vaha-Vahe, A.T. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1990 Jun. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 13 (2): p. 198-205; 1990 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Analgesics; Narcotic antagonists; Dosage; Drug antagonism; Adverse effects 102 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Clinical evaluation of propofol as an intravenous anaesthetic agent in cats and dogs. Morgan, D.W.T.; Legge, K. London : The Association; 1989 Jan14. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 124 (2): p. 31-33; 1989 Jan14. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cat; Dogs; Anesthetics; Anesthesia; Safety; Adverse effects; Pharmacology 103 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292 Clinical observations on medetomidine/ketamine anaesthesia and its antagonism by atipamezole in the cat. Young, L.E.; Jones, R.S. London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1990 May. The Journal of small animal practice v. 31 (5): p. 221-224; 1990 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Ketamine; Drug antagonism; Antagonists 104 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Closed system delivery of halothane and isoflurane with a vaporizer in the anesthetic circle. Bednarski, R.M.; Muir, W.W. III Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1991 Sep. Veterinary surgery v. 20 (5): p. 353-356; 1991 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Halothane; Surgical equipment 105 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292 Coaxial anaesthetic circuits in small animals. Cullen, L.K. London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1989 May. The Journal of small animal practice v. 30 (5): p. 294-297; 1989 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Anesthesia; Circuits; Values; Gases; Flow 106 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A Comparative effects of xylazine and propofol on the urethral pressure profile of healthy dogs. Combrisson, H.; Robain, G.; Cotard, J.P. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Dec. American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (12): p. 1986-1989; 1993 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Xylazine; Injectable anesthetics; Drug effects; Urethra; Pressure Abstract: The effects of 2 drugs, xylazine and propofol, on the urethral pressure profile were compared. Seven female dogs were sedated by administration of one drug, then the other, and urethral variables were measured. In the dogs sedated with propofol, the mean +/- SD, maximal urethral closure pressure (51 +/- 7.4 cm of H2O) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the value when dogs were sedated with xylazine (23.3 +/- 7.6 cm of H2O). Results were compared with those obtained by various authors, in particular for nonsedated dogs. It is concluded that propofol is a good drug for investigation of the urethral pressure profile, whatever its effect on maximal urethral closure pressure. 107 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24 Comparative hemodynamic effects of halothane and halothane- acepromazne at equipotent doses in dogs. Boyd, C.J.; McDonell, W.N.; Valliant, A. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Apr. Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire v. 55 (2): p. 107-112; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Halothane; Cardiovascular agents; Hemodynamics; Anesthesia; Phenothiazines; Neuroleptics; Dosage effects 108 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 A comparative study of medetomidine/ketamine and xylazine/ketamine anaesthesia in dogs. Moens, Y.; Fargetton, X. London : The Association; 1990 Dec08. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 127 (23): p. 567-571; 1990 Dec08. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Ketamine; Drug combinations; Xylazine; Agonists; Safety; Adverse effects; Dosage effects 109 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Comparative study of the pharmacokinetics of alfentanil in rabbits, sheep, and dogs. Ilkiw, J.E.; Benthuysen, J.A.; McNeal, D. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Apr. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (4): p. 581-584; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Sheep; Rabbits; Analgesics; Pharmacokinetics; Species differences; Anesthesia Abstract: The central arterial pharmacokinetics of alfentanil, a short-acting opioid agonist, were studied in rabbits, sheep, and dogs after short-duration infusion of the drug. Alfentanil was infused until a set end point (high- amplitude, slow-wave activity on the EEG) was reached. This required a larger alfentanil dose and a higher alfentanil arterial concentration in sheep, compared with rabbits and dogs. The plasma concentration-time data for each animal were fitted, using nonlinear regression, and in all animals, were best described by use of a triexponential function. In this study, differences in the disposition kinetics of alfentanil among the 3 species were found for only distribution clearance and initial distribution half-life. In dogs, compared with rabbits and sheep, the first distribution half-life was longer, probably because of pronounced drug-induced bradycardia (mean +/- SD, 48 +/-21 beats/min). Distribution clearance was faster in sheep, compared with dogs, also probably because of better blood flow in sheep. Elimination half-life was similar in all species (rabbits, 62.4 +/- 11.3 minutes; sheep, 65.1 +/- 27.1 minutes; dogs, 58.3 +/- 10.3 minutes). This rapid half-life resulted from a small steady- state volume of distribution (rabbits, 908.3 +/- 269.0 ml/kg; sheep, 720.0 +/- 306.7 ml/kg; dogs, 597.7 +/- 290.2 ml/kg) and rapid systemic clearance (rabbits, 19.4 +/- 5.3 ml/min/kg; sheep, 13.3 +/- 3.0 ml/min/kg; dogs, 18.7 +/- 7.5 ml/min/kg). On the basis of these pharmacokinetic variables, alfentanil should have short duration of action in rabbits, sheep, and dogs. This may be beneficial in veterinary practice where rapid recovery would be expected after bolus administration for short procedures or after infusion for longer procedures. 110 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Comparison of arrhythmogenic doses of epinephrine in heartworm-infected and noninfected dogs. Venugopalan, C.S.; Holmes, E.; O'Malley, N.A. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Nov. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (11): p. 1872-1876; 1989 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Adrenalin; Anesthetics; Heart diseases; Dirofilaria immitis; Nematode control Abstract: The arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ADE) was determined in heartworm-infected and noninfected (control) dogs during thiamylal-induced and halothane-maintained anesthesia to assess the myocardial sensitization. The ADE in heartworm-infected dogs (2.42 +/- 0.26 micrograms/kg of body weight) was significantly lower than that for the controls (3.36 +/- 0.29 micrograms/kg). After 2 weeks, ADE was determined again in these dogs after atropine treatment. Atropine treatment lowered the ADE to 1.76 +/- 0.33 micrograms/kg and 1.77 +/- 0.19 micrograma/kg in heartworm- positive and negative dogs, respectively. After 2 weeks more the ADE was determined after administration of prazosin, an alpha 1-antagonist. Only 2 of 6 controls and 3 of 6 heartworm- positive dogs had arrhythmias after a threefold increase of ADE. The mean ADE in the dogs that responded to treatment were 7.4 micrograms/kg and 7.2 micrograms/kg for heart worm- positive and negative dogs, respectively. The findings of this study indicated that ADE in heartworm-infected dogs were lower than those in the control dogs, which makes the heartworm- infected dogs more vulnerable to arrhythmia during anesthesia. Atropine did not protect the dogs of either group. However, prazosin protected the dogs of both groups by significantly increasing the threshold of the ADE. On the basis of our findings, to reduce the risk of arrhythmia, we suggest that routine screening of dogs for heartworm infection be done before anesthetics are used. 111 NAL Call. No.: SF911.V43 Comparison of cerebrospinal fluid pressure in propofol- and thiopental-anesthetized eucapnic dogs. Wooten, T.L.; Lowrie, C.T. Hagerstown, Md. : J.B. Lippincott Company; 1993 Mar. Veterinary surgery v. 22 (2): p. 148-150; 1993 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cerebrospinal fluid; Anesthesia 112 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Comparison of direct and indirect blood pressure measurement in anesthetized dogs. Sawyer, D.C.; Brown, M.; Striler, E.L.; Durham, R.A.; Langham, M.A.; Rech, R.H. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1991 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 41 (2): p. 134-138; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Blood pressure; Pulse rate; Measurement; Tarsus; Carpus; Monitors; Catheters; Aorta Abstract: This study was conducted to determine whether blood pressures and pulse rate could be determined accurately by indirect measurements from the front and hind legs of 15- to 40-kg dogs anesthetized with isoflurane. Indirect measurements from each animal were compared to direct measurements obtained from a catheter placed into the abdominal aorta via the femoral artery at four ranges of systolic pressure. When systolic pressure was above 80 mm Hg, indirect measurements were either the same as direct measurements or slightly lower. However, when systolic pressures were below 80 mm Hg, indirect systolic pressure measurements were 6 to 15% higher than direct measurements. Larger differences in diastolic pressures were found, which resulted in differences in mean pressure. The most accurate measurements were found when the cuff width- to-limb circumference ratio was between 0.4 and 0.6 and when systolic pressure was between 80 and 100 mm Hg. 113 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292 A comparison of endotracheal and intravenous routes for atropine administration in anaesthetised dogs. Bor, A.; Jones, R.S.; Richards, D.L.S. London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1991 Apr. The Journal of small animal practice v. 32 (4): p. 180-182; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Atropine; Intravenous injection; Trachea; Application methods; Heart rate; Dosage 114 NAL Call. No.: SF914.A53 1990 Comparison of indirect and direct blood pressure measurement in the anesthetized dog. Sawyer, D.C.; Brown, M.; Striler, E.L.; Durham, R.A. Columbia, Md. : American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, 1990? :.; 1990. Anesthesia and analgesia in laboratory animals : proceedings - - 1990 Forum, American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Columbia Inn, Columbia, Maryland, May 3-6, 1990. p. 27-30; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Blood pressure 115 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Comparison of inhalation-to-perfusion ratio in anesthetized dogs with barrel-shaped thorax vs dogs with deep thorax. Clercx, C.; Brom, W.E. van den; Vries, H.W. de Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Jul. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (7): p. 1097-1103; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Thorax; Conformation; Anesthesia; Ratios; Lungs; Gravity; Lung ventilation Abstract: Interregional, as well as intraregional (local), distributions of the inhalation-to-perfusion ratio were analyzed in the lungs of 20 prone anesthetized healthy dogs- -10 dogs with barrel-shaped thorax (Beagles) and 10 dogs with deep thorax (Greyhound-type dogs)--using 99mTc inhalation- perfusion lung scintigraphy. Dorsoventral and lateral views were analyzed. In both types of dogs, the ratio between the mean inhalation and perfusion values (interregional mismatching factor) decreased from craniad to caudad and the decrease was more sustained in the right than in the left lung. However, the total decrease was less in Greyhound-type dogs than in Beagles (cranial-to-caudal decrease of 14 and 27%, respectively, in the left lung, and 62 and 56%, respectively, in the right lung). The dorsal-to-ventral distribution of interregional mismatching factor was different in the 2 types of dogs. In Beagles, it increased from dorsal to ventral zones by about 50% of the initial dorsal zone value, whereas in Greyhound-type dogs, only a slight dorsal- to-ventral decrease was evident, with the exception of the more ventral zone. Differences in the intraregional mismatching factor (rho) indicated that the intraregional inhalation-to-perfusion inequalities were more pronounced within the caudal regions and within the ventral zones of the lungs in both types of dogs, and in the more cranial zones in the lungs of Beagles. However, the degree of intraregional mismatching was generally lower in Greyhound-type dogs. Thus, the gravitational force is not the dominating determinant of interregional or intraregional inhalation-to-perfusion ratio distributions in the lungs of anesthetized prone dogs. Its influence is modulated by other factors morphologic characteristics, such as the shape and size of the thorax, and body weight of the dog. In particular, the height of the thorax in Greyhound-type dogs could permit the gravitational force to exert a more determinant influence than it does in Beagle 116 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A comparison of ketamine/xylazine and ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine anesthesia in the rabbit. Lipman, N.S.; Marini, R.P.; Erdman, S.E. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Jul. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (4): p. 395-398; 1990 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthesia; Drug combinations; Ketamine; Xylazine; Preanesthetic medication; Neuroleptics Abstract: Parenteral anesthetic combinations such as ketamine and xylazine have become the agents of choice for anesthesia in the rabbit, because they are effective, easily administered and inexpensive. A number of recent reports have recommended including acepromazine in this combination, but a critical evaluation of this combination in the rabbit has not been reported. Five adult New Zealand white rabbits were anesthetized intramuscularly with ketamine (35 mg/kg) and xylazine (5 mg/kg) with or without acepromazine (0.75 mg/kg). The study was conducted in a double blind fashion, where each rabbit was administered both combinations at a minimum of 7 day intervals. Physiologic parameters were evaluated including heart rate, respiratory rate, central arterial blood pressure, pedal, palpebral and postural reflex activity. The duration of general anesthesia, estimated by the time elapsed between the loss and return of the palpebral reflex, was greater (mean = 99 +/- 20 minutes) when acepromazine was employed in the combination compared to (mean = 77 +/- 5 minutes) when ketamine/xylazine were used alone. Mean central arterial blood pressure reached a lower level when acepromazine was utilized (mean = 46 +/- 8 mm/Hg) than when it was not (mean = 57 +/- 12 mm/Hg.) The addition of acepromazine in a ketamine/xylazine combination resulted in a 28% longer period of anesthesia, a 19% lower mean central arterial blood pressure and a 32% longer recovery of postural reflexes. The ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine combination is a useful regimen for normovolemic animals when anesthetic duration greater than that produced by ketamine/xylazine alone is required. 117 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Comparison of left ventricular ejection fractions determined in healthy anesthetized dogs by echocardiography and gated equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. Sisson, D.D.; Daniel, G.B.; Twardock, A.R. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Nov. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (11): p. 1840-1847. ill; 1989 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Ventricles; Anesthesia; Echocardiography; Radionuclides; Radiography; Regression analysis Abstract: Left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) of 8 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs were calculated by gated equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography (RVG) and by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography (2-DE) prior to and during constant IV infusion of isoproterenol. Mean LVEF (+/- SD), determined with RVG by use of an automatic edge detection algorithm (RVG-auto) to define the left ventricular region of interest increased from a resting value of 53.5% (+/- 4.9%) to 71.9% (+/-6.8%) during isoproterenol infusion. Mean LVEF, determined with RVG by use of visual inspection (RVG-manual) to define the left ventricular region of interest increased from a resting value of 51.6% +/- 3.8% to 67.0% +/- 5.6% during isoproterenol infusion. Using 2-DE and the bullet formula to calculate left ventricular volume (LVV = 5/6 X cross-sectional area X length), mean LVEF increased from 52.3% (+/- 3.50) to 74.7% (+/- 5.0%). Using 2-DE area measurements and Teicholz formula, mean LVEF increased from 48.9% (+/- 5.1%) to 69.5% (+/- 6.0%). Using M-mode echocardiographic left ventricular diameter measurements and Teicholz formula, mean LVEF increased from 52.3 (+/- 9.0%) to 78.3% (+/- 8.1%). Before and during isoproternol infusion, the mean LVEF values calculated by RVG agreed closely with mean LVEF values calculated from M-mode and 2-DE. Correlation coefficients determined from linear regression analysis of LVEF by echocardiography vs LVEF by radionuclide ventriculography ranged from 0.79 to 0.88. Correlation coefficients were higher and SEM were lower when LVEF was determined by RVG-manual, rather than by RVG-auto methods and when LVEF was calculated from 2-DE measurements, rather than from M-mode measurements. 118 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C24 Comparison of medetomidine and fentanyl-droperidol in dogs: sedation, analgesia, arterial blood gases and lactate levels. Pettifer, G.R.; Dyson, D.H. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Apr. Canadian journal of veterinary research; Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire v. 57 (2): p. 99-105; 1993 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Medetomidine; Fentanyl; Droperidol; Analgesics; Restraint of animals; Nontarget effects; Body temperature; Respiration rate; Heart rate; Blood chemistry; Respiratory gases; Lactic acid 119 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 A comparison of medetomidine-propofol and medetomidine- midazolam-propofol anesthesia in rabbits. Ko, J.C.H.; Thurmon, J.C.; Tranquili, W.J.; Benson, G.J.; Olson, W.A. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Oct. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (5): p. 503-507; 1992 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthesia; Drug combinations 120 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Comparison of several combinations for anesthesia in rabbits. Hobbs, B.A.; Rolhall, T.G.; Sprenkel, T.L.; Anthony, K.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 May. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (5): p. 669-674; 1991 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rabbits; Anesthesia; Drug combinations; Injectable anesthetics; Heart rate; Respiration rate; Body temperature; Reflexes; Safety Abstract: Few safe and effective anesthesia regimens have been described for use in rabbits, partially because of the susceptibility of this species to sometimes fatal respiratory depression. Although inhalant anesthetics are generally safer than injectable anesthetics, their use may be limited by lack of equipment or facilities. This study was conducted to compare effects of several injectable anesthetics in rabbits on response to noxious stimuli, heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature. Six injectable anesthetic combinations were administered to rabbits: xylazine-ethyl-(l-methyl-propyl) malonyl-thio-urea salt (EMTU), ketamine-EMTU, xylazine-pentobarbital, xylazine- acepromazine-ketamine (XAK), ketamine-chloral hydrate, and ketamine-xylazine. All combinations induced a depression of respiratory rate. Although rectal temperature values were reduced to some degree in each group, the most profound hypothermia was induced by XAK. The combination that induced the longest duration of anesthesia was XAK. It was concluded that XAK was preferable for longer periods of anesthesia (60 to 120 minutes), although it induces severe hypothermia. For short periods of anesthesia, xylazine-pentobarbital, xylazine- EMTU, or ketamine-xylazine were deemed adequate; however, xylazine-EMTU induced the best survivability and consistency. 121 NAL Call. No.: SF915.J63 A comparison of the effects of buprenorphine, carprofen and flunixin following laparotomy in rats. Liles, J.H.; Flecknell, P.A. Oxford [England] : Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1978-; 1994 Aug. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics v. 17 (4): p. 284-290; 1994 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Flunixin; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents; Analgesics; Laparotomy; Drug combinations; Body weight; Feed intake; Water intake; Locomotion; Pain 122 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R3224 Comparison of the efficacy of three premedicants administered to cats. Dyson, D.H.; Pascoe, P.J.; Honeyman, V.; Rahn, J.E. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Jul. The Canadian veterinary journal v. 33 (7): p. 462-464; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Preanesthetic medication; Drug combinations; Drug effects; Anesthesia; Heart rate; Respiration rate; Catheters 123 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Comparison of the hemodynamic effects of halothane alone and halothane combined with epidurally administered morphine for anesthesia in ventilated dogs. Valverde, A.; Dyson, D.H.; Cockshutt, J.R.; McDonell, W.N.; Valliant, A.E. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1991 Mar. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (3): p. 505-509; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Anesthesia; Halothane; Morphine; Hemodynamics; Drug combinations Abstract: The hemodynamic effects of 1.5 minimal alveolar concentration of halothane alone (1.6% end-tidal) and 1.5 minimal alveolar concentration of halothane (1.1% end-tidal concentration) combined with epidurally administered morphine were compared during controlled ventilation in 10 dogs used on 2 occasions and randomly allocated to 2 groups. Arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, stroke volume, left ventricular work, and pulmonary arterial pressure were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in dogs of the morphine-treated group before administration of morphine. After epidural administration of morphine (0.1 mg/kg of body weight diluted in 0.26 ml of saline solution/kg), hemodynamic changes were not observed, and the aforementioned variables remained significantly (P < 0.05) higher than values in dogs of the halothane only group. Compared with halothane (1.6%) alone, the reduction in halothane end-tidal concentration (1.1%) associated with epidurally administered morphine is beneficial in maintaining hemodynamic function. 124 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Comparison of the postoperative analgesic and sedative effects of carprofen and papaveretum in the dog. Nolan, A.; Reid, J. London : The British Veterinary Association; 1993 Sep04. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 133 (10): p. 240-242; 1993 Sep04. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents; Opioids 125 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J8292 A comparison of the postoperative analgesic and sedative effects of flunixin and papaveretum in the dog. Reid, J.; Nolan, A.M. London : British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 1991 Dec. The Journal of small animal practice v. 32 (12): p. 603-608; 1991 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Flunixin; Analgesics; Anesthesia; Pain; Drug effects 126 NAL Call. No.: SF901.V47 A comparison of three local anaesthetic techniques for skin biopsy in dogs. Henfrey, J.I.; Thoday, K.L.; Head, K.W. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergammon Press, Inc; 1991. Veterinary dermatology v. 2 (1): p. 21-27; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Local anesthesia; Lidocaine; Epinephrine; Cutaneous application; Local anesthetics; Skin; Biopsy; Adverse effects; Artefacts 127 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Comparison of xylazine with tiletamine-zolazepam (Telazol) and xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in rabbits. Popilskis, S.J.; Oz, M.C.; Gorman, P.; Florestal, A.; Kohn, D.F. Cordova, Te