Animal Models of DiseaseAnimal Welfare Information Center
|
Compiled By:
Tim Allen
Animal Welfare Information Center, Information Centers Branch
National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture
10301 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351
![]()
Allen, Tim Animal models of disease : January 1988-January 1995. (Quick bibliography series ; 95-14) 1. Diseases--Animal models--Bibliography. 2. Animal models in research--Bibliography. 3. Laboratory animals-- Bibliography. I. Title. aZ5071.N3 no.95-14
Line Description ---- ----------- 1. animal(W)model? 2. disease? or disorder? or syndrome? 3. S1 and S2 4. S3 and PY=1988:1995
1 NAL Call. No.: 381 J8282 Aberrant hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit. Robins, E.D.; Nelson, L.M.; Hoeg, J.M. Bethesda, Md. : Lipid Research, inc., 1959-; 1994 Jan. Journal of lipid research v. 35 (1): p. 52-59; 1994 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rabbits; Hyperlipemia; Animal models; Disease models; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypothalamus; Pituitary; Ovaries; Pituitary-gonadal axis; Low density lipoprotein; Receptors; Fsh; Lh; Progesterone; Estradiol; Gonadotropins; Cholesterol; Blood lipids Abstract: The WHHL rabbit has a defective low density lipoprotein receptor and is a model for familial hypercholesterolemia. WHHL rabbits are less fecund than NZW rabbits, the strain into which the defect has been inbred. This lower fecundity could be related to impaired ovarian steroidogenesis due to reduced intracellular availability of cholesterol. Here we compare the WHHL and NZW rabbits with regard to oocyte morphology and fertilization rates after stimulation with equine chorionic gonadotropin. We also compare hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis function by measuring baseline and gonadotropin releasing hormone- stimulated plasma estradiol, progesterone, and gonadotropin levels, both before and after simvastatin inhibition of de novo cholesterol synthesis. WHHL rabbit oocytes remained encased in cumulus and had a lowered fertilization rate (9/50 vs. 83/87, P < 0.05). WHHL rabbits had lower baseline estradiol levels (7.1 +/- 0.72 vs. 10.2 +/- 0.94, P < 0.05) and had higher baseline follicle stimulating hormone (P < 0.05) and luteinizing hormone (P < 0.05) levels. Simvastatin lowered luteal progesterone concentrations only in WHHL rabbits (P < 0.05). We conclude that the hypothalamic- pituitary-ovarian axis in WHHL rabbits is abnormal. The reduced availability of intracellular cholesterol for progesterone synthesis by inhibition of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis leads to a significant reduction in plasma progesterone concentrations in the WHHL. These findings have implications for women with familial hypercholesterolemia, particularly regarding treatment with inhibitors of de novo cholesterol synthesis. 2 NAL Call. No.: 500 N21P Abnormal class I assembly and peptide presentation in the nonobese diabetic mouse. Li, F.; Guo, J.; Fu, Y.; Yan, G.; Faustman, D. Washington, D.C. : National Academy of Sciences,; 1994 Nov08. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America v. 91 (23): p. 11128-11132; 1994 Nov08. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Diabetes; T lymphocytes; Major histocompatibility complex; Histocompatibility antigens; Autoimmunity; Autoimmune diseases; Structural genes; Alleles; Gene expression; Animal models Abstract: Presentation of self-antigens by major histocompatibility compatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules requires the function MHC class II-linked genes Tap-1 and Tap-2. Evidence suggests that interruption of self- peptide presentation results in reduced cell surface expression of MHC class I molecules and the interruption correlates with progression to diabetic autoimmunity in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and humans. NOD mice possess a rare Tap-1 allele (Tap-1b); this is associated with reduced Tap-1 mRNA abundance in lymphocytes from diabetes-prone females and decreased conformationally correct class I molecules on the cell surface. In this study, we demonstrate that, similar to lymphoma cell lines with mutations in Tap-1 or Tap-2, the reduced expression of class I molecules on the surface of lymphocytes from diabetes-prone female NOD mice was normalized by incubation at low temperatures or by exposure to class I allele-specific peptides. As would be expected for cells that express surface class I molecules not associated with peptide, female NOD lymphocytes were resistant to lysis by class I-restricted, peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Furthermore, the rate of class I exit from the endoplasmic reticulum of lymphocytes from female NOD mice was delayed as demonstrated by delayed glycosylation. Male NOD mice, which are not prone to diabetes, lacked these functional defects in class I assembly and had near-normal levels of Tap-1 mRNA and exhibited normal density of class I epitopes that were peptide filled. These results are consistent with the possibility that the rare Tap-1b allele is associated with a quantitative defect in Tap-1 expression that influences disease course. 3 NAL Call. No.: RC628.A1O2 Abnormalities of plasma lipoproteins in a new genetically obese rat with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Wistar fatty rat). Jiao, S.; Matsuzawa, Y.; Matsubara, K.; Kubo, M.; Tokunaga, K.; Odaka, H.; Ikeda, H.; Matsuo, T.; Tarui, S. Basingstoke, Hampshire : The Macmillan Press Ltd; 1991 Jul. International journal of obesity v. 15 (7): p. 487-495; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Obesity; Diabetes mellitus; Insulin; Cholesterol acyltransferase; Lipoproteins; Apolipoproteins; Blood plasma; Diet; Intestinal absorption; Rats Abstract: We investigated plasma lipoprotein profiles and the activities of tissue cholesterol regulating enzymes in Wistar fatty rats, an animal model for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Wistar fatty rats were made by transfer of the fa gene to the Wistar Kyoto rats by backcross-breeding. Wistar fatty and control non-diabetic littermates were given a laboratory chow or an atherogenic diet containing 1 percent (weight percent) cholesterol, 0.5 percent cholic acid, and 5 percent lard. Under the chow diet, plasma fasting glucose and immunoreactive insulin concentrations in Wistar fatty rats were 1.5- and 6-fold higher than controls, respectively. Plasma cholesterol was significantly increased in Wistar fatty rats compared with controls. Elevated plasma cholesterol levels in Wistar fatties was accounted for by the increases of cholesterol content in the d < 1.006 g/ml lipoprotein and high-density lipoproteins. Under the atherogenic diet, plasma cholesterol levels in Wistar fatties were further increased by 129 percent compared with controls. The diet-induced increase of cholesterol contents was shown in all lipoprotein classes for Wistar fatty rats. The activities of regulatory enzymes for cholesterol biosynthesis or absorption were measured in Wistar fatty rats. Both hepatic and intestinal 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase activities were significantly higher in Wistar fatty rats than those in controls (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). ACAT activities in Wistar fatties were significantly increased in the intestine (P < 0.05) and decreased in the liver in comparison with controls (P < 0.01). Cholesterol loading caused suppression of HMG-CoA reductase activities and enhancement of ACAT activities of both tissues in Wistar fatty rats as much as in controls. These data suggest that hypercholesterolemia in the NIDDM rats might be attributed to the increases in both de novo synthesis and intestinal absorption of cholesterol. Magnified response of 4 NAL Call. No.: RA784.A1I5 Activity-induced anorexia in rats does not affect hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression chronically. Wong, M.L.; Licinio, J.; Gold, P.W.; Glowa, J. New York, N.Y. : John Wiley & Sons; 1993 May. The International journal of eating disorders v. 13 (4): p. 399-405; 1993 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Physical activity; Anorexia; Hypothalamus; Neuropeptides; Gene expression; Rats Abstract: Hypothalamic neuropeptides are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of eating disorders. In an animal model with chronic abnormalities of energy expenditure, appetitive behavior, and body weight, without acute food restriction, we found alterations in peripheral levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone, but no alterations in the expression of neuropeptides genes that are known to regulate ingestive behavior and food intake acutely. Our data suggest that activation of hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal function in activity anorexia may not be due to increased transcription of corticotropin-releasing hormone gene, but might be related to posttranscriptional events or to other neuropeptides, such as arginine vasopressin. Furthermore, we suggest that abnormalities in neuropeptides observed in eating disorders may be caused by acute food restriction, rather than by chronic hyperactivity, anorexia, and low weight. 5 NAL Call. No.: 381 J824 Adipose cell hyperplasia and enhanced glucose disposal in transgenic mice overexpressing GLUT4 selectively in adipose tissue. Shepherd, P.R.; Gnudi, L.; Tozzo, E.; Yang, H.; Leach, F.; Kahn, B.B. Baltimore, Md. : American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; 1993 Oct25. The Journal of biological chemistry v. 268 (30): p. 22243-22246; 1993 Oct25. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Transgenic animals; Animal proteins; Glucose; Active transport; Plasma membranes; Adipocytes; Hyperplasia; Adipose tissue; Carbohydrate metabolism; Brown fat; Body fat; Glucose tolerance Abstract: To gain insight into the molecular pathogenesis of obesity and specifically the role of nutrient partitioning in the development of obesity, we overexpressed the insulin- responsive glucose transporter (GLUT4) in transgenic mice under the control of the fat-specific aP2 fatty acid-binding protein promoter/enhancer. Two lines of transgenic mice were generated, which overexpressed GLUT4 6-9-fold in white fat and 3-5-fold in brown fat with no overexpression in other tissues. In vivo glucose tolerance was enhanced in transgenic mice. In isolated epididymal, parametrial, and subcutaneous adipose cells from transgenic mice, basal glucose transport was 20-34- fold greater than in nontransgenic littermates. Insulin- stimulated glucose transport was 2-4-fold greater in cells from transgenic mice. Total body lipid was increased 2-3-fold in transgenic mice overexpressing GLUT4 in fat. Surprisingly, fat cell size was unaltered and fatcell number was increased >2-fold. This is the first animal model in which increased fat mass results solely from adipocyte hyperplasia and it will be a valuable model for understanding the mechanisms responsible for fat cell replication and/or differentiation in vivo. 6 NAL Call. No.: 421 J828 Aedes (Gymnometopa) mediovittatus (Diptera: Culicidae) as an experimental vector of Brugia pahangi and B. malayi (Spirurida: Filariidae). Trpis, M. Lanham, Md. : The Entomological Society of America; 1994 May. Journal of medical entomology v. 31 (3): p. 442-444; 1994 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Aedes mediovittatus; Brugia malayi; Brugia pahangi; Disease vectors; Experimental infection; Susceptibility; Animal models; Filariasis Abstract: To test the susceptibility of Aedes (Gymnometopa) mediovittatus to infection with Brugia pahangi and Brugia malayi, females originating from the suburbs of San Juan, Puerto Rico, were fed on infected gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). On average, 39.2% of the Ae. mediovittatus females became infected with L3 larvae of B. pahangi and 47.4% with B. malayi. The average number of infective L3 larvae of B. pahangi and B. malayi dissected from mosquitoes was 2.6 +/- 1.2 and 2.9 +/- 1.0, respectively. The largest number of in a single mosquito was 16. After 10 d of development in the mosquitoes, L3 larvae of both Brugian species were found in greatest number in the thorax, in lesser number in the head/proboscis, and in least number in the abdomen. Ae. mediovittatus may, serve as a useful laboratory model for the study of genetic susceptibility and refractoriness of mosquito vectors to filarial parasites. 7 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 P27 Age-related changes in the prostate and testes of the beagle dog. Lowseth, L.A.; Gerlach, R.F.; Gillett, N.A.; Muggenburg, B.A. Lawrence, Kan. : American College of Veterinary Pathologists; 1990 Sep. Veterinary pathology v. 27 (5): p. 347-353; 1990 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Prostate; Weight; Testes; Histology; Blood serum; Testosterone; Aging; Age differences; Animal models 8 NAL Call. No.: TX345.B74 Alcoholism and folate homeostasis. Halsted, C.H. San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1989. Bristol-Myers Squibb/Mead Johnson nutrition symposia v. 7: p. 249-266. charts; 1989. In the series analytic: Nutrition and the Origins of Disease / edited by G.H. Halsted and R.B. Rucker. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Folic acid; Alcoholism; Vitamin deficiencies; Nutrition physiology; Liver; Nutrient balance; Literature reviews Abstract: This chapter examines a variety of issues relating to folate deficiency and alcoholism: 1) incidence; 2) clinical significance (anemia, intestinal mucosa, hepatic injury and regeneration); 3) pathogenesis (dietary inadequacy, intestinal malabsorption; hepatobiliary metabolism, urinary excretion); and 4) animal models. 9 NAL Call. No.: SF601.J65 Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in canine lymphoma. Vail, D.M.; Ogilvie, G.K.; Wheeler, S.L.; Fettman, M.J.; Johnston, S.D.; Hegstad, R.L. Hagerstown, Md. : American College of Veterinary Medicine; 1990 Jan. Journal of veterinary internal medicine v. 4 (1): p. 8-11; 1990 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Lymphoma; Carbohydrate metabolism disorders; Blood sugar; Glucose tolerance; Blood serum; Lactic acid; Insulin; Cachexia; Disease models; Animal models 10 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3 Alternatives to the use of conventional research animals in neoplasia research. Ladiges, W.C. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Mar01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 200 (5): p. 674-676; 1992 Mar01. Paper presented at the symposium "Animal welfare and alternatives to animals--current knowledge and research needs", July 31, 1991, Seattle, Washington. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal testing alternatives; Medical research; Neoplasms; Animal models; Disease models 11 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3 Alternatives to the use of conventional research animals in neoplasia research. Ladiges, W.C. \u University of Washington, Seattle, WA Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Mar01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 200 (5): p. 674-676; 1992 Mar01. Corrects AGRICOLA accession number IND92017402 in which the publication year was incorrectly entered as 1991. Paper presented at the symposium "Animal welfare and alternatives to animals--current knowledge and research needs", July 31, 1991, Seattle, Washington. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal testing alternatives; Medical research; Neoplasms; Animal models; Disease models 12 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1J68 Amino acid availability and brain development: effects of nutritional and metabolic inadequacies. Huether, G. Basingstoke : The Macmillan Press Ltd; 1989. European journal of clinical nutrition v. 43 (suppl.1): p. 19-25; 1989. Includes 25 references. Language: English Descriptors: Amino acids; Bioavailability; Brain disorders; Hyperphenylalaninemia; Child development; Protein metabolism; Protein synthesis; Malnutrition; Neurotransmitters; Serotonin; Animal models; Man Abstract: Inadequacies of the brain's amino acid supply are relevant to the processes of protein accretion and transmitter synthesis during brain development. Experimental hyperphenylalaninaemia has demonstrated the consequences of rather severe imbalances of the brain's amino acid supply. An inadequate supply of essential amino acids has been shown to influence a variety of developmental processes. 13 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1A63 Amino acid metabolism in human cancer cachexia. Pisters, P.W.T.; Brennan, M.F. Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc; 1990. Annual review of nutrition v. 10: p. 107-132. charts; 1990. Includes 138 references. Language: English Descriptors: Amino acid metabolism; Carcinoma; Cachexia; Nitrogen balance; Kinetics; Men; Women Abstract: Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome that occurs with variable incidence in patients with solid tumors and those with hematologic malignancies. It is associated with characteristic physical and laboratory findings, and at a more fundamental level, with significant abnormalities in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. These alterations in intermediary metabolism are demonstrable early in the syndrome, even before the onset of weight loss, when the more characteristic features of cancer cachexia are evident. Progressive wasting of peripheral protein stores is a major feature of cancer cachexia and often one of the most graphic realities of malignancy for patients and their families. Unfortunately, significant problems with the animal models of cancer cachexia make conclusions derived from animal studies difficult to extrapolate to humans. Data from human studies indicate that human cancer cachexia is associated with minimal aberrations in circulating free amino acid concentrations; increased whole-body protein turnover, synthesis, and catabolism; reduced rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis; and increased rates of hepatic protein synthesis. Whether or not these alterations represent pathologic responses or physiologic adaptation by the host to the presence of malignancy remains to be seen. Future investigations must focus on more careful evaluation of interorgan amino acid metabolism, investigation of skeletal muscle protein catabolic rates in cancer cachexia, and definition of the roles of altered hormonal and cytokine regulation of these processes. Such studies will more precisely define the level at which amino acid metabolism is altered significantly and, we hope, permit more specific therapeutic intervention designed to reverse the debilitating effects of cancer cachexia. 14 NAL Call. No.: QP501.C6 An animal model of systemic carnitine deficiency produced by haemodialysis of sheep. Snoswell, A.M.; Fishlock, R.C.; Runciman, W.B.; Carapetis, R. Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1989. Comparative biochemistry and physiology : B : Comparative biochemistry v. 93 (4): p. 741-745; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Models; Deficiency diseases; Carnitine; Hemodialysis 15 NAL Call. No.: TD172.J6 An animal model to assess the potential for viral disease transmission from lawns irrigated with wastewater. Deming, E.J.; Mote, C.R.; Von Bernuth, R.D.; Potgieter, L.N.D. New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992 Dec. Journal of environmental science and health : Part A : Environmental science and engineering v. 27 (8): p. 2199-2211; 1992 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Irrigation; Waste water; Contamination; Porcine enterovirus; Pigs; Disease transmission; Animal models; Disease models; Human diseases; Infection; Risk 16 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6 Animal models for studies of relationships between diet and diabetes. Herberg, L. Basel : Karger; 1988. Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 111-148; 1988. In the series analytic: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and C.E. West. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diabetes mellitus; Pancreas; Insulin; Pituitary hormones; Rats; Blood sugar; Dietary carbohydrate; Dietary fat; Animal models; Feed intake; Cricetulus barabensis; Hyperinsulinemia; Insulin secretion; Literature reviews 17 NAL Call. No.: QR180.3.D4 Animal models for the evaluation of drugs and vaccines for HIV infection and AIDS: report of a WHO working group. Esparza, J. Basel : S. Karger; 1990. Developments in biological standardization v. 72: p. 367-372; 1990. In the series analytic: Progress in animal retroviruses / edited by D. Gaudry and W. Hennessen. Meeting held on Oct 4-6, 1989, Annecy, France. Language: English Descriptors: Disease models; Human immunodeficiency virus; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome 18 NAL Call. No.: RC607.A26I63 1989 Animal models in AIDS. Schellekens, Huub; Horzinek, Marian C. Nederlandse Centrale Organisatie voor Toegepast- Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek International TNO Meeting 1989 : Maastricht, Netherlands. Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier ; New York, NY, USA : Sole distributors for the USA and Canada, Elsevier Science Pub. Co.,; 1990. xxii, 380 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. Includes index. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: AIDS (Disease) 19 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A53 1988 Animal models in biomedical research proceedings of symposium, 20-21 January 1988. Laboratory Animals Information Service Centre (India) Hyderabad, India : Laboratory Animals Information Service Centre, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, [1988?]; 1988. 79 p., [7] p. of plates : ill. ; 25 cm. Symposium held in New Delhi, India. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models in research; Diseases 20 NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 Animal models in hemostasis and thrombosis. Rowsell, H.C. Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 289-294; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Disease models; Thrombosis; Blood flow; Hemorrhage; Blood coagulation 21 NAL Call. No.: 475 EX7 Animal models in interferon research: some current trends. Schellekens, H. Basel : Birkhauser; 1989 Jun15. Experientia v. 45 (6): p. 558-562; 1989 Jun15. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal experiments; Animal research; Interferon; In vivo; Disease models; Bacterial diseases; Protozoal infections; Parasites 22 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Ad9 v.37 Animal models in liver research. Cornelius, Charles E. San Diego : Academic Press,; 1993. xx, 479 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine ; v.37). Includes bibliographical references and index. Language: English Descriptors: Diseases 23 NAL Call. No.: QR1.F4 Animal models in the study of pathogenesis. Adlam, C. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1988. FEMS symposium - Federation of European Microbiological Societies v. 40: p. 159-167; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animals; Models; Pathogenesis; Bovine mastitis; Rhinitis; Lymphadenitis; Sheep; Respiratory diseases 24 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1C8 Animal models of appetitive behavior: interaction of nutritional factors and drug seeking behavior. Kanarek, R.B.; Marks-Kaufman, R. New York, N.Y. : Wiley; 1988. Current concepts in nutrition v. 16: p. 1-5; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Feeding behavior; Appetite; Models; Nutrition; Drug effects; Interactions 25 NAL Call. No.: QP601.M49 Animal models of chronic ethanol toxicity. Lieber, C.S.; DeCarli, L.M. New York : Academic Press, 1955-; 1994. Methods in enzymology. p. 585-594; 1994. In the series analytic: Oxygen radicals in biological systems (Part C) / edited by L. Packer. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ethanol; Toxicity; Chronic course; Diet; Liquid diets; Liver; Animal models; Papio; Rats 26 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6 Animal models of diet-induced atherosclerosis. Clarkson, T.B.; Shively, C.A.; Weingand, K.W. Basel : Karger; 1988. Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 56-82; 1988. In the series analytic: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and C.E. West. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Experimental atherosclerosis; Atherogenic diet; Rabbits; Pigeons; Pigs; Primates; Pathogenesis 27 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Animal models of disease 1979-August 1988. Swanson, J.C. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1988 Nov. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculure, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (89-07): 25 p.; 1988 Nov. Bibliography. Language: English Descriptors: Animals; Disease models; Animal welfare; Bibliographies 28 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Animal models of disease, January 1979-August 1989. Swanson, J.; Clingerman, K. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1989 Dec. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculure, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (90-09): 27 p.; 1989 Dec. Updates QB 89-07. Bibliography. Language: English Descriptors: Animals; Laboratory animals; Animal diseases; Disease models; Bibliographies 29 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Animal models of disease, January 1988-January 1994. Smith, C.P.; Larson, J.A. Beltsville, Md., National Agricultural Library; 1994 Mar. Quick bibliography series - National Agricultural Library (94-19): 83 p.; 1994 Mar. Updates QB 92-61. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Disease models; Bibliographies 30 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Animal models of disease--January 1979-December 1990. Smith, C.P. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1991 Feb. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (91-42): 38 p.; 1991 Feb. Updates QB 90-09. Bibliography. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Diseases; Bibliographies 31 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Animal models of disease--January 1981-July 1992. Smith, C.P. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1992 Aug. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (92-61): 59 p.; 1992 Aug. Updates QB 91-42. Language: English Descriptors: Animal diseases; Disease models; Bibliographies 32 NAL Call. No.: QR201.A37A55 1993 Animal models of HIV and other retroviral infections. Racz, Paul; Letvin, Norman L.; Gluckman, J. C. Basel ; New York : Karger,; 1993. viii, 200 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 25 cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Language: English Descriptors: HIV infections; Retrovirus infections 33 NAL Call. No.: 500 N484 Animal models of human eating disorders. Smith, G.P. New York, N.Y. : The Academy; 1989. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 575: p. 63-74; 1989. In the series analytic: The psychology of human eating disorders: preclinical and clinical perspectives / edited by L.H. Schneider, S.J. Cooper, and K.A. Halmi. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nutritional disorders; Human nutrition research; Animal experiments; Anorexia nervosa; Bulimia nervosa; Models 34 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Ad9 Animal models of liver fibrosis. Rojkind, M. \u Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Greenwel, P. San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1993. Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine v. 37: p. 333-355; 1993. In the series analytic: Animal models in liver research / edited by Charles E. Cornelius. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Liver diseases; Animal models; Alcoholism; Schistosomiasis; Carbon tetrachloride 35 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 P27 Animal models of retrovirus-associated malignancies. Cremer, K.J.; Gruber, J. Lawrence, Kan. : American College of Veterinary Pathologists; 1992 Nov. Veterinary pathology v. 29 (6): p. 572-578; 1992 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Retroviridae 36 NAL Call. No.: QH301.N32 Animal studies of iodized oils: iodine disposition and physiological effects. Chambon, C.; Chastin, I. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1993. NATO ASI series : Series A : Life sciences v. 241: p. 159-167; 1993. In the series analytic: Iodine deficiency in Europe: a continuing concern / edited by F. Delange, J.T. Dunn, and D. Glioner. Proceedings of an International Workshop, April 24-28, 1992, Brussels, Belgium. Includes a discussion, p. 166-167. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cooking oils; Deficiency diseases; Goiter; Human diseases; Iodine; Physiopathology; Rats; Animal models; Livestock 37 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3 Animals as a source of Escherichia coli pathogenic for human beings. Whipp, S.C.; Rasmussen, M.A.; Cray, W.C. Jr Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1994 Apr15. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 204 (8): p. 1168-1175; 1994 Apr15. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Escherichia; Escherichia coli; Pathogenicity; Man; Disease prevalence; Animal models; Human diseases; Gastrointestinal diseases 38 NAL Call. No.: 389.1 W892 Antiarrhythmic effects of fish oils. Charnock, J.S. Basel : S. Karger; 1991. World review of nutrition and dietetics v. 66: p. 278-291; 1991. In the series analytic: Health effects of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in seafoods / edited by A.P. Simopoulos, R.R. Kifer, Martin, R.E. and S.M. Barlow. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Fish oils; Heart rate; Supplements; Animal models; Polyenoic fatty acids; Dietary fat; Muscle contraction; Animal experiments; Literature reviews 39 NAL Call. No.: QH426.T74 Atherosclerosis in mice: getting to the heart of a polygenic disorder. Rubin, E.M.; Smith, D.J. Cambridge, U.K. : Elsevier Trends Journals; 1994 Jun. Trends in genetics v. 10 (6): p. 199-203; 1994 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Atherosclerosis; Animal models; Transgenic animals; Genetic engineering; Apolipoproteins; High density lipoprotein; Literature reviews; Low density lipoprotein; Induced mutations Abstract: The mouse is being increasingly used as a model system for understanding the common and complex polygenic condition of atherosclerosis. Mice have been created in which genes involved in this condition have been overexpressed or have been altered by gene targeting. Here, we concentrate on recent experiments that use transgenic and gene knockout mice as an in vivo assay system to unravel the interactions between various genes involved in atherogenesis. We focus in particular on examples in which unique insights into the human condition have been derived from studies in mice. 40 NAL Call. No.: SF910.T8A86 Atlas of tumor pathology of the Fischer rat.. Fischer rat Stinson, Sherman F.,_1946-; Schuller, Hildegard M.; Reznik, Gerd Boca Raton, Fla : CRC Press,; 1990. 546 p. : ill. ; 27 cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Language: English Descriptors: Tumors in animals; Atlases; Rats as laboratory animals; Atlases; Rats; Diseases; Atlases; Tumors; Animal models; Atlases 41 NAL Call. No.: 447.8 Am3 Atrial natriuretic peptide and glomerular hyperfiltration during onset of spontaneous diabetes mellitus. Okwueze, M.I.; Opgenorth, T.J.; Von Geldern, T.W.; Vari, R.C. Bethesda, Md. : American Physiological Society, 1898-; 1994 Feb. American journal of physiology v. 266 (2,pt.2): p. R572- R577; 1994 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diabetes mellitus; Glomerular filtration rate; Peptides; Receptors; Antagonists; Hemodynamics; Kidneys; Rats Abstract: The mechanisms responsible for the elevation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in early stages of insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are undefined. The objectives of this study were to define the temporal pattern of onset of glomerular hyperfiltration in the spontaneously diabetes-prone (BB/DP) rat and to evaluate the possible role of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) as the primary mediator of the observed alterations in renal hemodynamics. GFR was significantly higher (1.38 +/- 0.07 ml.min-1.g-1; n = 5) in moderately hyperglycemic BB/DP rats (blood glucose > 270 mg/dl) 14 days after the onset of IDDM compared with age- matched diabetes-resistant rats (BB/DR), which averaged 1.03 +/- 0.07 ml.min-1.g-1 (n = 7). Circulating ANP levels in moderately hyperglycemic BB/DP rats 1, 7, and 14 days after onset of IDDM were within the normal range, averaging 100 +/- 21, 57 +/- 12, and 65 +/- 6 pg/ml, respectively, and were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from ANP levels in age- matched normoglycemic BB/DR rats. To further test the role of ANP in glomerular hyperfiltration, an ANP receptor antagonist was infused into anesthetized BB/DP rats (n = 10) 14 days after onset of IDDM, after baseline measurements of mean arterial pressure, renal hemodynamics, and renal fluid and electrolyte excretions. ANP receptor antagonism caused a significant reduction in mean arterial pressure from 120 +/- 3 to 103 +/- 2 mmHg; however, there were no significant effects of ANP receptor blockade on GFR. These results indicate that 1) glomerular hyperfiltration occurs within the first 2 wk after onset of IDDM in the moderately hyperglycemic BB/DP rat and 2) ANP is not the primary mediator of glomerular hyperfiltration during the onset of diabetes in this animal model of spontaneous IDDM. 42 NAL Call. No.: 448.8 V81 Attenuating mutations in the E2 glycoprotein gene of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: construction of single and multiple mutants in a full-length cDNA clone. Davis, N.L.; Powell, N.; Greenwald, G.F.; Willis, L.V.; Johnson, B.J.B.; Smith, J.F.; Johnston, R.E. Duluth, Minn. : Academic Press; 1991 Jul. Virology v. 183 (1): p. 20-31; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus; Mutants; Mutations; Clones; Phenotypes; Live vaccines; Attenuation; Glycoproteins; Genes; Virulence; Immune response; Pathogenesis Abstract: Attenuated mutants of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) were isolated by selection for rapid penetration of cultured cells (R.E.Johnston and J.F. Smith, 1988, Virology 162, 437-443). Sequence analysis of these mutants identified candidate attenuating mutations at four loci in the VEE E2 glycoprotein gene: a double mutation at E2 codons 3 and 4, and single substitutions at E2 76, 120, and 209. Each candidate mutation was reproduced in an isogenic recombinant VEE strain using site-directed mutagenesis of a full-length cDNA clone of VEE. Characterization of these molecularly cloned mutant viruses showed that mutation at each of the four loci in the E2 gene was sufficient to confer both the accelerated penetration and attenuation phenotypes. Inoculation of the molecularly cloned viruses into rodent models that differ in their response to VEE suggested that individual mutations affected different aspects of VEE pathogenesis. Full-length clones containing multiple mutations were produced by combining independently attenuating mutations. Molecularly cloned viruses carrying two or three mutations were more attenuated in sensitive animal models than viruses which contained any single mutation alone. However, these highly attenuated strains still retained the ability to induce an immune response sufficient to protect against a high dose challenge with virulent VEE. These results indicate that production of a molecularly cloned live virus vaccine for VEE is feasible. 43 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Ad9 Avian fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome: a comparative review. Hansen, R.J. \u University of California, Davis, CA; Walzem, R.L. San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1993. Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine v. 37: p. 451-468; 1993. In the series analytic: Animal models in liver research / edited by Charles E. Cornelius. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Hens; Fatty liver; Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome; Animal models; Lipid metabolism; Transport; Pathogenesis; Man; Cows; Cats; Literature reviews 44 NAL Call. No.: HV5285.A43 Behavioral animal models in alcohol abuse research. Grant, K.A. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1990. Alcohol health and research world - National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism v. 14 (3): p. 187-192; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Alcoholism; Drinking behavior; Animal experiments; Laboratory animals; Animal models 45 NAL Call. No.: 500 N21P beta-Cell lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of non-insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus of obese rates: Impairment in adipocyte-beta-cell relationships. Lee, Y.; Hirose, H.; Ohneda, M.; Johnson, J.H.; McGarry, J.D.; Unger, R.H. Washington, D.C. : National Academy of Sciences,; 1994 Nov08. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America v. 91 (23): p. 10878-10882; 1994 Nov08. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Diabetes mellitus; Pancreas islets; Pathogenesis; Blood lipids; Fatty acids; Hyperglycemia; Insulin secretion; Lipid metabolism disorders; Animal models; Obesity; Experimental diabetes Abstract: Hyperinsulinemia, Ioss of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), and peripheral insulin resistance coexist in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Because free fatty acids (FFA) can induce these same abnormalities, we studied their role in the pathogenesis NIDDM of obese Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF-drt) rats from 5 weeks of age (before the onset of hyperglycemia) until 14 weeks. Two weeks prior to hyperglycemia, plasma FFA began to rise progressively, averaging 1.9 + 0.06 mM at the onset of hyperglycemia (P < 0.001 vs. controls). At this time GSIS was absent and beta-cell GLUT-2 glucose transporter was decreased. The triacylglycerol content of prediabetic islets rose to 10 times that of controls and was correlated with plasma FFA (r = 0.825; P < 0.001), which, in turn. was correlated with the plasma glucose concentration (r = 0.873; P < 0.001). Reduction of hyperlipacidemia to 1.3 +/- 0.07 mM by pair feeding with lean littermates reduced all beta-cell abnormalities and prevented hyperglycemia. Normal rat islets that had been cultured for 7 days in medium containing 2 mM FFA exhibited increased basal insulin secretion at 3 mM glucose, and first- phase GSIS was reduced by 68%; in prediabetic islets, first- phase GSIS was reduced by 69% by FFA. The results suggest a role for hyperlipacidemia in the pathogenesis of NIDDM: resistance to insulin-mediated antilipolysis is invoked to explain the high FFA despite hyperinsulinemia, and sensitivity of beta cells to hyperlipacidemia is invoked to explain the FFA-induced loss of GSIS. 46 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Ad9 Biliary atresia in lampreys. Youson, J.H. \u University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1993. Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine v. 37: p. 197-255; 1993. In the series analytic: Animal models in liver research / edited by Charles E. Cornelius. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Liver diseases; Atresia; Liver; Lampreys; Bile ducts; Life cycle; Animal models; Literature reviews 47 NAL Call. No.: TP248.2.B55126 1993 Biotechnology and safety assessment. Thomas, J. A._1933-; Myers, Laurie A. New York : Raven Press,; 1993. ix, 270 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Language: English Descriptors: Biotechnology; Health risk assessment 48 NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987 Blastomere karyotyping: a direct method for producing mouse trisomy 16 less than leads to diploid aggregation chimeras as an animal model of human down's syndrome. Bacchus, C.; Buselmaier, W. Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988. New developments in biosciences : their implications for laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 405-408. ill; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Blastomere; Karyotypes; Trisomy; Diploidy; Chimeras; Disease models; Down's syndrome 49 NAL Call. No.: QR360.J6 Borna disease virus in mice: host-specific differences in disease expression. Rubin, S.A.; Waltrip, R.W. II; Bautista, J.R.; Carbone, K.M. Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Jan. Journal of virology v. 67 (1): p. 548-552; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Bo RNAdisease virus; Animal models; Experimental infections; Immunopathology; Antibody formation; Inflammation; Strain differences; Encephalitis; Abnormal behavior Abstract: We developed a mouse model of Borna disease to facilitate immunopathogenesis research by adaptation of Borna disease virus to mice through serial passage in mouse brain tissue. Borna disease virus replication, antibody production, inflammation, and Borna disease expression in several different strains of mice were examined. 50 NAL Call. No.: QR360.J6 Bovine leukemia virus, an animal model for the study of intrastrain variability. Willems, L.; Thienpont, E.; Kerkhofs, P.; Burny, A.; Mammerickx, M.; Kettmann, R. Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1993 Feb. Journal of virology v. 67 (2): p. 1086-1089; 1993 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Bovine oncovirus; Genetic variation; Structural genes; Viral proteins; Repetitive DNA; Nucleotide sequences; Strain differences; Mutations Abstract: Intradermal injection of a cloned bovine leukemia virus (BLV) provirus (pV344) into sheep allowed direct evaluation of intrastrain variability. A sheep was injected with pV344 DNA mixed with DEAE-dextran and became persistently infected with BLV strain 344. After 18 months, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes from a single 0.5- ml blood sample. The long terminal repeat (LTR) and the env gene were amplified by using the polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced. Nineteen independent LTR clones (0.6-kb inserts) and 16 env clones (1-kb inserts) were analyzed. The in vivo rate of nucleotide change was 0.009%/year (two mutations out of 14,464 bp in 1.5 years), corresponding to only one amino acid change in the env gene. Five point mutations (all transitions), corresponding to a modification rate of 0.034%/year (five mutations out of 9,709 bp in 1.5 years), were identified in the LTR. As a control for Taq DNA polymerase errors, the same procedure using pV344 plasmid DNA was carried out. Out of 9,944 bp sequenced, three point mutations were found (i.e., one misincorporation in 3,315 nucleotides). These data demonstrate the extremely low level (or absence) of intrastrain variability of BLV in vivo. Consequently, BLV persistence in the infected host does not seem to result from an escape mutant strategy, in sharp contrast with the high mutation rates observed in the lentivirus family. The lack of genetic variation supports the possibility of successful vaccine against BLV and probably against the related human T-cell leukemia viruses. 51 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66 Bovine leukemia virus. III. Zoonotic potential, molecular epidemiology, and an animal model. Johnson, R. Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company, Inc; 1991 Oct. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 13 (10): p. 1631-1640; 1991 Oct. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Bovine oncovirus; Zoonoses; Risk; Molecular biology; Epidemiology; Disease models; Animal models; Human diseases; Leukemia; Literature reviews 52 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1P72 Brain iron: location and function. Beard, J.L.; Connor, J.D.; Jones, B.C. Tarrytown, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1993 Jul. Progress in food & nutrition science v. 17 (3): p. 183-221; 1993 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Iron; Brain; Nutrition physiology; Mental ability; Mineral deficiencies; Tissues; Mineral content; Blood picture; Central nervous system; Animal models; Ferritin; Transferrin; Multiple sclerosis; Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease; Neurotransmitters; Human behavior; Neuroleptics; Literature reviews Abstract: This review has a focus on the distribution and function of iron in human brain and appropriate animal models. Data are presented on the consequences of abnormalities of iron status with regard to neural development, neurotransmitter metabolism, and cognition. 53 NAL Call. No.: RC628.O294 BSB: a new mouse model of multigenic obesity. Fisler, J.S. \u University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Warden, C.H.; Pace, M.J.; Lusis, A.J. Baton Rouge, LA : North American Association for the Study of Obesity, c1993-; 1993 Jul. Obesity research v. 1 (4): p. 271-280; 1993 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Obesity; Multiple genes; Phenotypes; Genetic models; Animal models; Mice 54 NAL Call. No.: QR1.I57 BvgAS-mediated signal transduction: analysis of phase-locked regulatory mutants of Bordetella bronchiseptica in a rabbit model. Cotter, P.A.; Miller, J.F. Washington, D.C., American Society for Microbiology; 1994 Aug. Infection and immunity v. 62 (8): p. 3381-3390; 1994 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Bordetella bronchiseptica; Mutants; Phenotypes; Animal models; Bacterial proteins; Transduction; Strain differences; Virulence; Colonizing ability Abstract: Members of the Bordetella genus alternate between two distinct phenotypic phases in response to changes in their environment. This switch, termed phenotypic modulation, is mediated by the BvgAS sensory transduction system. We developed an animal model based on the interaction of Bordetella bronchiseptica with one of its natural hosts, the rabbit. To investigate the importance of BvgAS signal transduction, we constructed constitutive (RB53) and Bvg- (RB54) phase-locked derivatives of a wild-type strain, RB50. RB50 and RB53, but not RB54, established respiratory infections in B. bronchiseptica-free rabbits with an intranasal 50% infective dose of less than 200 organisms, and the course of the infection closely resembled that observed with naturally infected rabbits. Bacteria were recovered from the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, and lungs in similar numbers from RB50- and RB53-infected rabbits, yet no pathology was detected by histological examination of lung and tracheal sections. The antibody responses in rabbits inoculated with 50 or RB53 were quantitatively and qualitatively indistinguishable, high titers of antibodies were generated primarily against Bvg+ -phase-specific antigens. No response against flagella, a Bvg- phase factor, was detected. Assessment of bacteria associated with alveolar macrophages indicated that only a small percentage of bacteria, if any, appear to be residing within lung macrophages. We also tested the ability of these strains to survive in a nutrient poor environment, conditions which may be encountered within certain niches in the host or in an environmental reservoir. The Bvg- phase was advantageous for growth under these conditions. Our results indicate the Bvg+ phase is sufficient for establishment of respiratory tract infection in the rabbit and the normal BvgAS-mediated response to environmental signals is not required during initial colonization. The Bvg- phase may play a role at later stages of infection, including persistence, transmission, or survival in the environment. 55 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Canine models of bone marrow transplantation. Ladiges, W.C.; Storb, R.; Thomas, E.D. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1990 Jan. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (1): p. 11-15; 1990 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Bone marrow transplant; Models; Human diseases Abstract: Progress in experimental bone marrow transplantation in dogs has provided for the direct transfer of research data to the clinical setting and the therapeutic application of marrow grafting to a variety of human diseases. Animal models of total body irradiation, engraftment and graft-versus-host disease are still needed to solve the existing clinical problems of marrow transplantation. Therefore, work in various canine model systems continues to be of interest. Pet dogs with spontaneously occurring lymphomas are used to study the clinical parameters necessary for applying the technique of transplanting their own marrow (autologous), in conjunction with high dose radiation and/or chemotherapy, to human patients with cancer. A major consideration in the successful transplantation of donor bone marrow (allogeneic) is overcoming histocompatibility barriers to assure engraftment and the prevention of graft-versus-host disease, a major limiting aspect of clinical marrow transplantation. Chemicals, radiation, radiotherapeutic techniques, antisera and monoclonal antibodies have been and continue to be developed in laboratory bred dogs. These approaches suppress the immune system either nonspecifically by ablation of immune reactive tissue, or specifically by affecting certain types of immune reactive cells. Parameters such as clinical effectiveness (engraftment or prevention of graft-versus-host disease), immune reconstitution and undesirable side affects in long-term survivors are all used to determine whether new technology can be transferred from preclinical canine studies to human bone marrow transplantation protocols. 56 NAL Call. No.: 500 N21P Canine X chromosome-linked hereditary nephritis: a genetic model for human X-linked hereditary nephritis resulting from a single base mutation in the gene encoding the alpha-5 chain of collagen type IV. Zheng, K.; Thorner, P.S.; Marrano, P.; Baumal, R.; McInnes, R.R. Washington, D.C. : National Academy of Sciences,; 1994 Apr26. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America v. 91 (9): p. 3989-3993; 1994 Apr26. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Hereditary diseases; Nephritis; Structural genes; Collagen; Mutations; Nucleotide sequences; Exons; Sex linkage; X chromosome; Animal models; Kidneys; Amino acid sequences Abstract: Many families with X-chromosome linked hereditary nephritis (HN) have mutations in the gene on the X chromosome that codes for the alpha5 chain of collagen type IV. Canine X- linked HN is an animal model for human X-linked HN. To study the alpha5(IV) gene in this model, we used the nucleotide sequence published for the human alpha5(IV) cDNA to construct sets of primers covering approximately equal 95% of the complete cDNA. cDNA from both affected and normal dog kidneys was amplified by PCR in nine overlapping regions. The nucleotide sequence encoding the noncollagenous domain NC1 hybridized to the human X chromosome and was 93% identical at the DNA level and 97% identical at the protein level to the human alpha 5(IV) NC1 domain, confirming that the canine alpha 5(IV) cDNA had been amplified. Sequence analysis of the alpha 5(IV) cDNA detected a single nucleotide substitution, G leads to T, in affected dogs, changing a codon for a conserved glycine residue (GGA) to a stop codon (TGA). When genomic DNA was amplified, the same abnormality was found in exon 35. Using the canine NC1 domain cDNA as a probe for Northern analysis, two transcripts of approximately equal to 8.6 kb and approximately equal to 6.7 kb were identified in both normal and affected male dog kidney RNA. However, the abundance of both transcripts was decreased by a factor of approximately equal 10 in the affected dog. These results establish at the molecular level that canine X-linked HN is a model for human X-linked HN. This model provides an opportunity to determine the efficacy of new therapies and to investigate the role of the alpha5(IV) chain in type IV collagen assembly. 57 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 L62 Cardiovascular abnormalities associated with human and rodent obesity. Paulson, D.J.; Tahiliani, A.G. Tarrytown, N.Y. : Pergamon Press Inc; 1992. Life sciences v. 51 (20): p. 1557-1569; 1992. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Obesity; Diet; Weight reduction; Cardiovascular diseases; Heart; Animal models; Rats; Man; Literature reviews Abstract: Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, a direct link between these two states is difficult to establish, since obesity frequently occurs with other disease states such as diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Clinical studies have clearly shown that uncorrected obesity is associated with cardiac hypertrophy and compromised ventricular function. A number of rodent models of obesity have been studied in terms of cardiovascular adaptations. Cardiac function of the obese Zucker rat appears to be normal at a younger age. Only after several months is depression in cardiac function discernable. These animals are mildly hypertensive, but do not exhibit the characteristic increase in cardiac output associated with human obesity. A unique characteristic of JCR:LA-cp rat is that they develop atherosclerotic and myocardial lesions. Hearts from these animals will maintain normal function when perfused with physiological levels of calcium. At higher calcium concentrations, however, mechanical function becomes impaired. Dietary-induced obese rats exhibit many of the hemodynamic alterations associated with human obesity, but there is no evidence to-date that these animals will develop severe cardiac depression. Short-term weight reduction apparently has beneficial cardiovascular effects, but weight cycling may be harmful. Given the widespread occurrence of obesity, further studies are warranted to characterize the cardiac manifestations of this condition. 58 NAL Call. No.: QP1.C6 Carnitine prolongs the half-life of ethanol in broilers. Smith, M.O.; Cha, Y.S.; Sachan, D.S. Oxford : Pergamon Press Ltd; 1994 Sep. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. A: Comparative physiology v. 109A (1): p. 177-180; 1994 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ethanol; Metabolism; Carnitine; Supplements; Broilers; Animal models Abstract: The object was to determine if carnitine attenuated ethanol metabolism in broilers similar to that reported in the rats. Two groups (n = 5) of 5-week-old broilers were given for 10 days the feed with or without 0.5% L-carnitine supplement. A single oral dose of ethanol on day 8 was followed by serial blood samples which were analysed for ethanol. Another dose of ethanol was given on day 10 and 2 hr later, plasma and liver were collected and analysed for ethanol, total lipid, triglycerides and carnitine. The carnitine supplemented diet prolonged the half-life of ethanol due to attenuation of ethanol metabolism which is similar to that reported earlier in rodents. The increases in plasma and hepatic acylcarnitines indicate that supplementary carnitine lessens the load of free acyl groups in the liver by eventual oxidation or excretion. 59 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J82 The carnitine-deprived newborn rabbit: a potential model to study carnitine deficiency. Penn, D.; Schmidt-Sommerfeld, E. Bethesda, Md. : American Institute of Nutrition; 1988 Dec. The Journal of nutrition v. 118 (12): p. 1535-1539; 1988 Dec. Includes 34 references. Language: English Descriptors: Nutrient deficiencies; Carnitine; Neonates; Rabbits Abstract: This report describes the novel development of an animal model for neonatal carnitine deficiency using the artificially fed newborn rabbit. Each litter was separated from the mother following the first colostrum feeding and divided into 2 groups, one of which was fed a purified rabbit formula that was essentially free of carnitine; the other received the same formula supplemented with L-carnitine (100 mg/l). At 9-13 d of age, rabbit pups receiving the carnitine- free formula had lower concentrations of total, free and acylcarnitine in plasma and urine, as well as lower total acid soluble carnitine concentrations in liver, muscle, heart and brown adipose tissue than those receiving the same formula supplemented with L-carnitine. Their plasma and tissue levels were also lower, but their urinary carnitine concentrations were higher than those in naturally-raised pups. The findings suggest that the described animal model may prove to be a useful tool for the investigation of certain aspects of neonatal carnitine deficiency. 60 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J82 Carotenoids and cancer in animal models. Krinsky, N.I. Bethesda, Md. : American Institute of Nutrition; 1989 Jan. The Journal of nutrition v. 119 (1): p. 123-126; 1989 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diet; Carotenoids; Carcinoma; Disease prevention Abstract: As evidence accumulated from epidemiological studies that beta-carotene acts as a chemopreventive agent with respect to inhibiting the appearance of certain types of tumors in humans, attention focused on animal models as a means of extending our understanding of carotenoid function. Unfortunately, most animals used in research are "white fat" animals, and require large amounts of carotenoids in their diets to obtain significant blood and tissue levels. Even with these limitations, beta-carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid, as well as canthaxanthin, a nonprovitamin A carotenoid, have been shown to protect animals against UV-induced skin tumors, UV and carcinogen-induced tumors, and carcinogen treatment alone. Similar observations have been made in cell and organ cultures where carotenoids have been shown to prevent malignant transformation and nuclear damage. Although the mechanism of this protection is still unclear, the evidence continues to accumulate that carotenoids may possess intrinsic chemopreventive action with respect to tumor formation. 61 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Cataracts in a laboratory colony of ferrets. Miller, P.E.; Marlar, A.B.; Dubielzig, R.R. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (6): p. 562-568; 1993 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ferrets; Cataract; Disease prevalence; Histopathology; Animal models; Disease models Abstract: Cataracts were found by use of slit-lamp biomicroscopy in two genetically unrelated ferret populations (A and B). When they were initially examined at the age of 11 to 12 months, 34 of 73 ferrets (46.6%) in population A had lens opacities, which could be categorized into one of three groups. Group-1 ferrets (n = 25) manifested a continuum of lens changes ranging from fine, multifocal, punctate opacification of the superficial posterior lens cortex (n = 3), to changes in both the anterior and posterior cortex (n = 13), to immature (n = 1), or mature/hypermature cataracts (n = 8). Group-2 ferrets (n = 7) had bilateral microphthalmia and cataracts. Group-3 ferrets (n = 2) had minor lens changes involving the nucleus or cortex that were not typical of either group 1 or 2. By the age of 18 months, 41 of the remaining 42 animals in population A had developed fine, multifocal, punctate opacities of the posterior cortex. In group-1 animals, histologic changes in the lens ranged from several 80 X 40-micrometers, punctate, spheroidal lesions in the posterior cortex, to posterior migration of the lens epithelium, Morganian granules, and a complete mature/hypermature cataract. One group-2 ferret had microphthalmia, filling of the lens capsule with a cell-poor, periodic acid-Schiff stain-positive membranous material, and retinal detachment. Population B consisted of 15 adult and 47 6-month-old juvenile ferrets. Eleven adults had multifocal, fine, punctate, posterior cortical opacities, and one adult had a nuclear cataract. Ten juveniles had nuclear cataracts (often in a multifocal punctate pattern); two had fine, multifocal, punctate, posterior cortical opacities; one had multifocal nuclear and posterior cortical opacities; and three had multifocal nuclear opacities that also involved both the anterior and posterior cortices. The ferret may be a potentially useful new animal model for studying mechanisms of cataractogenesis and microphthalmia. Caution should be used when interpreting the ocular toxicity of test compounds in this species. 62 NAL Call. No.: QR188.3.C45 Cellular aspects of autoimmunity. Cruse, Julius M.,_1937-; Lewis, R. E. Basel ; New York : Karger,; 1988. 200 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. (Concepts in immunopathology ; vol. 6). Includes bibliographies and index. Language: English Descriptors: Autoimmunity; Autoimmune diseases; Animal models; Cellular immunity 63 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Changes in platelet-activating factor, catecholamine, and serotonin concentrations in brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma of pichinde virus-infected guinea pigs. Guo, Z.M.; Qian, C.G.; Peters, C.J.; Liu, C.T. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1993 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (6): p. 569-574; 1993 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pichinde virus; Animal models; Epinephrine; Norepinephrine; Immunological factors; Serotonin; Brain; Cerebrospinal fluid; Blood plasma; Physiopathology; Guinea pigs Abstract: Brain concentrations of platelet-activating factor (PAF), catecholamines, and serotonin were measured in control and Pichinde virus-infected strain 13 guinea pigs on postinoculation day (PID) 12. After virus inoculation, PAF concentrations increased 81% in cerebrum, 147% in diencephalon-brain stem, and 110% in cerebellum from baseline values of 2.6 +/- 0.3, 4.3 +/- 0.2, and 6.1 +/- 0.5 (ng/g wet tissue), respectively. Dopamine concentrations in the infected cerebrum and diencephalon-brain stem increased significantly, whereas norepinephrine concentration increased only in cerebrum. However, serotonin concentrations in all three regions of infected brain decreased significantly as compared with control values. There were no significant changes in epinephrine concentrations of infected brain. Norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid on PID 7 and 12 increased significantly as compared with control values, while plasma dopamine concentration increased significantly on PID 7. Increased brain PAF, dopamine, and norepinephrine concentrations with decreased brain serotonin concentrations may mediate the hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and involve some unknown pathophysiologic processes of arenaviral infection. Furthermore, increased plasma catecholamine concentrations are associated with stress and may be partially responsible for the development of cardiovascular dysfunction and pulmonary edema during this viral disease. 64 NAL Call. No.: 47.8 Am33P Changes in the frequency and size of smooth muscle tumors in Japanese quail lines differing in body weight. Nestor, K.E.; Bacon, W.L. Champaign, IL : Poultry Science Association, 1921-; 1994 Jul. Poultry science v. 73 (7): p. 947-952; 1994 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Japanese quails; Smooth muscle; Neoplasms; Weight; Incidence; Line differences; Body weight; Laying performance; Selection responses; Oviducts; Ligaments Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to study the incidence and size of smooth muscle tumors in several Japanese quail lines and to report recent correlated changes in mature BW and egg production. Laying females from lines selected solely (HW) or partly (HW-HP; HW-LP) for increased 4-wk BW or for decreased 4-wk BW (LW) and from the corresponding randombred control (R1) were used. Lines HW-HP and HW-LP were sublines of Line HW in which males were selected for increased 4-wk BW and females were selected for high or low level of total plasma phosphorus, respectively. Laying hens were examined for the presence of smooth muscle tumors after about 170 d of egg production (240 d of age). During Generations 19 through 26, mature BW was increasing in the HW line and decreasing in the LW line. Selection for either increased or decreased 4-wk BW resulted in decreased egg production, but the only significant change with generations was a decrease of 2.7 eggs per hen for a 120-d laying period in the LW line. Frequency and weight of the smooth muscle tumors were greater for females from the large-bodied lines than females from Line R1. No tumors were detected in LW females. Based on the linear regression of response on generations, tumor frequency was increasing in Line HW-LP but tumor weight was decreasing in this line. Tumor weight was increasing in the HW line. No other changes in tumor frequency or size were noted across generations. Weight of the tumors was not correlated with egg production. The presence of tumors did not seem to affect mortality during the laying period. The Japanese quail lines may serve as a useful animal model for the study of smooth muscle tumors in humans, chickens, and turkeys. 65 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6 The changing role of animal models in human nutrition research. West, C.E.; Beynen, A.C. Basel : Karger; 1988. Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 1-13; 1988. In the series analytic: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and C.E. West. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal models; Nutrition physiology; Human nutrition research; Vitamins; Nutrient requirements; Species differences; Literature reviews 66 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Characteristics of mutant mice (ICGN) with spontaneous renal lesions: a new model for human nephrotic syndrome. Ogura, A.; Asano, T.; Matsuda, J.; Takano, K; Nakagwa, M.; Fukui, M. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 23 (2): p. 169-174. ill; 1989 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Mutants; Disease models; Nephrotic syndrome; Glomerulonephritis; Histopathology Abstract: Spontaneous nephrotic mice (ICGN mice), a new mutant strain of mouse from outbred ICR, were clinically, macroscopically, histologically and immunohistochemically studies to establish their value as a model for human nephrotic syndrome. Most of the affected mice developed proteinuria, hypoproteinaemia and hypercholesterolaemia, and some of them developed systemic oedema. A high concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and a low haematocrit value were also observed. The kidneys of severe cases showed a decrease in size and had a yellowish granular surface. These findings indicated that the mice were terminally affected by chronic of renal insufficiency. Histopathology demonstrated glomerular lesions consisting of thickened basement membranes of the capillary loops with irregular spike-like protrusions and enlargement of the mesangium unaccompanied by cellular proliferation. The immunofluorescence technique revealed positive granular staining for IgA, IgG and IgM and to a lesser extent for C3 along the capillary loops in affected mice. The similarity between this spontaneous disease and human nephrotic syndrome caused by idiopathic glomerular lesions is discussed. ICGN mice may be a useful animal model for this human disease. 67 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Characterization of acute and latent herpes simplex virus infection of dorsal root ganglia in rats. Blondeau, J.M.; Aoki, F.Y.; Glavin, G.B.; Nagy, J.I. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1991 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 25 (2): p. 97-105; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Herpes simplex virus; Ganglia; Acute infections; Latent infections; Animal models; Experimental infections; Subcutaneous injection; Feet Abstract: The characteristics of HSV type-1 infection following subcutaneous inoculation in the dorsum of one hind paw of Sprague-Dawley rats were studied to determine whether infection in rats might more closely parallel the infection in man than is seen in other animals. The serologic and virologic characteristics of acute and latent ganglion infection conformed to those of human infection. Immunohistochemical studies suggested that sensory ganglion infection arose via centripetal axonal migration of virus as is hypothesized in man. In rat, small type B neuronal cell bodies appeared central to the maintenance of latent infection and reactivation observed during cocultivation of lumbar ganglia. Acute and latent lumbar sensory ganglion infection in rats after subcutaneous hind paw injection of HSV-1 appears to be another suitable model of this infection in man. 68 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J82 Chediak-Higashi syndrome in rats: light and electron microscopical characterization of abnormal granules in beige rats. Ozaki, K.; Maeda, H.; Nishikawa, T.; Nishimura, M.; Narama, I. London : Academic Press; 1994 May. Journal of comparative pathology v. 110 (4): p. 369-379; 1994 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Chediak-higashi syndrome; Histopathology; Cell ultrastructure; Granules; Rats; Animal models 69 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3 Chest roentgenographic techniques for demonstrating human lung tumour xenografts in nude rats. Zeligman, B.E.; Howard, R.B.; Marcell, T.; Chu, H.; Rossi, R.P.; Mulvin, D.; Johnston, M.R. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Apr. Laboratory animals v. 26 (2): p. 100-106; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Animal models; Disease models; Neoplasms; Lungs; Radiography; Monitoring Abstract: Roentgenographic techniques were investigated for imaging orthotopic tung tumours in anaesthetized nude rats endobronchially implanted with human lung cancer cells. A conventional radiographic unit with a dual-screen, double- emulsion film mammographic receptor produced images preferable to those from a mammographic unit because of superior resolution. Typical exposure factors were 300 mA, 29 kVp, and 17 ms at a focus-film distance of 76 cm with a 2.11 by 2.41 mm effective focal spot and inherent filtration of 1.2 mm aluminium. Sensitivity for tumour detection was 0.93 for 59 animals with pathologically proved tumours and 0.96 for 54 animals with tumours larger than 4 mm or 50 mg. For 24 pathologically tumour-free animals, specificity was 1-00. For 55 animals radiographically judged to have tumours, positive predictive value was 1.00. For all 83 animals, accuracy was 0.95. This technique effectively demonstrates orthotopic human lung tumours in nude rats and should be useful for noninvasive monitoring of tumour presence, location, size, and changes in size. 70 NAL Call. No.: 47.8 B77 Chicken neoplasia--a model for cancer research. Calnek, B.W. Oxfordshire : Carfax Publishing Company; 1992 Mar. British poultry science v. 33 (1): p. 3-16; 1992 Mar. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Fowls; Neoplasms; Animal models 71 NAL Call. No.: RA1190.A7 Chlorpyrifos-induced delayed polyneuropathy. Capodicasa, E.; Scapellato, M.L.; Moretto, A.; Caroldi, S.; Lotti, M. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer; 1991. Archives of toxicology v. 65 (2): p. 150-155; 1991. Paper presented at the International Symposium on "Biochemical and Cellular Indices of Toxicity in Occupational and Environmental Medicine," June 1986, Milan, Italy, at a meeting held March 1986, New Orleans, LA, and at a meeting held Aug/Sept 1989, Praglia, Italy. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Chlorpyrifos; Nervous system diseases; Neurotoxins; Acetylcholinesterase; Esterases; Pharmacokinetics; Brain; Man; Fowls; Hens Abstract: Chlorpyrifos [0,0-diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro- pyridyl) phosphorothioate] caused delayed polyneuropathy in man. Contrary to previous studies, we report here that it also causes delayed polyneuropathy in the hen, the animal model for this toxicity. The minimal neuropathic dose was 60-90 mg/kg p.o., corresponding to 4-6 times the estimated LD50. Consequently, pralidoxime (2-PAM) in conjunction with atropine was necessary to reverse acetylcholinesterase AChE) inhibition and cholinergic toxicity in hens given high enough doses of chlorpyrifos to cause neuropathy. Chlorpyrifos was slowly absorbed after single oral doses and the threshold of inhibition (>70%) of neuropathy target esterase (NTE), the putative target for delayed neuropathy, was reached within 5-6 days. High AChE inhibition (>90%), however, was measured within hours after dosing because of the higher potency of chlorpyrifos to inhibit this enzyme. In vitro studies showed that chlorpyrifos-oxon, the active metabolite of chlorpyrifos, was 10-20 times more active against AChE than against NTE, confirming the clinical observation. No differences were seen between human and hen enzymes in this respect. Hen and human brain homogenates contain A-esterases which hydrolysed chlorpyrifos to about the same extent in both species. In conclusion, chlorpyrifos causes delayed polyneuropathy in the hen, as was reported in man. The reasons for previous negative data in the hen are probably due to the relatively lower doses which were used. Judging from in vitro studies with hen and human enzymes, there are no differences in the two species as far as their relative sensitivity to delayed polyneuropathy. It is likely that delayed polyneuropathy would develop in both species only after severe cholinergic toxicity requiring aggressive antidotal treatment. 72 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 B773 The cholesterol-raising effect of coffee in the Syrian hamster. Sanders, T.A.B.; Sandaradura, S. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Sep. The British journal of nutrition v. 68 (2): p. 431-434; 1992 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diet; Coffee; Blood plasma; Cholesterol; Hamsters Abstract: Adult male Syrian hamsters were fed on a high-fat diet with or without access to boiled coffee. Plasma total, low-density-lipoprotein- and high-density-lipoprotein- cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were increased by the coffee and very-low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations were lowered. It is concluded that the Syrian hamster is a suitable animal model in which to study the hypercholesterolaemic effect of coffee. 73 NAL Call. No.: QH301.N32 Chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, and folate deficiency. Halsted, C.H. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991. NATO ASI series : Series A : Life sciences v. 206: p. 237-251; 1991. In the series analytic: Alcoholism a molecular perspective / edited by T.N. Palmer. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Alcoholism; Chronic course; Deficiency diseases; Folic acid; Malabsorption; Malnutrition; Metabolism; Physiopathology; Veterans; Animal models; Literature reviews 74 NAL Call. No.: SF601.A5 Clinical evaluation of cyclosporine in animal models with cutaneous immune-mediated disease and epitheliotropic lymphoma. Rosenkrantz, W.S.; Griffin, C.E.; Barr, R.J. Golden, Colo. : The Association; 1989 Jul. The Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association v. 25 (4): p. 377-384. ill; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Epithelium; Lymphoma; Treatment; Immunological diseases; Drug therapy; Immunosuppressive agents 75 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1A63 Cobalamin deficiency and the pathogenesis of nervous system disease. Metz, J. Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc; 1992. Annual review of nutrition v. 12: p. 59-79. ill; 1992. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Vitamin b12; Vitamin deficiencies; Demyelination; Animal models; Nitrous oxide; Biochemistry; Methylation; Toxicity; Literature reviews 76 NAL Call. No.: RA421.P684 Colon cancer: dietary modifications required for a balanced protective diet. McIntosh, G.H. Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1993 Sep. Preventive medicine v. 22 (5): p. 767-774; 1993 Sep. Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Prevention of Human Cancer: Nutrition and Chemoprevention Controversies, June 3-6, 1992, Tucson, Arizona. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Carcinoma; Colon; Disease prevention; Diet; Animal models; Fiber; Dietary protein; Dietary fat; Vitamin e; Calcium; Nutrient nutrient interactions; Animal fat; Animal protein; Rats Abstract: Background. There is increasing support of the view that our diet is too calorie dense, with its high animal fat, sugar, and alcohol content. Food processing has helped to create this situation as well as the desire to eat sugar- and fat-rich foods. By examining the influence of these dietary effects on colon cancer, experimental animal studies can help dissect the influences not readily assessable by epidemiological means. Methods. The Sprague Dawley rat model of colon cancer induced by dimethylhydrazine provides a means of assessing dietary influences with the use of a semipurified diet and varying a single factor at a time. We have examined the influence of Ca vitamin E, protein type, and cereal dietary fiber sources on tumor burden and incidence in rats on a standardized experimental protocol. Results. A significant interactive effect has been seen with high Ca and low vitamin E intake in protecting rats from tumors. When comparing differing protein sources, whey protein concentrate was found to be very protective relative to red meat and other protein sources. Spent barley grain was also shown to be very protective relative to wheat bran and commercial barley bran. Conclusions. There are several potentially useful strategies for protection from colon cancer by varying diet composition. Protein sources such as whey protein concentrate, insoluble dietary fiber from barley grain, and high calcium intake seem to be very promising. These need further detailed examination as to whether they can combine to reduce risk further and to understand better the mechanisms responsible for protection. They may provide greater potential than attempts to lower the fat in the human diet. 77 NAL Call. No.: QR180.C62 Comparative features of retroviral infections of livestock. Evermann, J.F. Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1990. Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases v. 13 (3): p. 127-136; 1990. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Man; Lentivirinae; Oncovirinae; Disease transmission; Spread; Pathogenesis; Host specificity; Viral diseases; Disease models; Literature reviews; Animal models Abstract: Retrovial infections of livestock have become of increasing importance due to their usefulness as comparative models for human retroviral infections and their effects upon animal health and marketability of animals and animal products nationally and internationally. This paper presents a perspective on the retroviruses of economic concern in veterinary medicine with emphasis on the importance of understanding the modes of virus transmission and the species specificity of the viruses. The retroviruses reviewed include the oncovirus, bovine leukosis virus, and the lentiviruses, equine infectious anemia virus; maedi/visna virus, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus and bovine visna-like virus. The comparative features amongst these animal retroviruses and those of humans must be recognized by the veterinary and medical professions since the similarities in virus replication and spread by blood transfer can provide important clues in controlling and perhaps preventing human retroviruses infections, such as the human immunodeficiency virus. 78 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Comparative virulence of Haemophilus parasuis serovars 1 to 7 in guinea pigs. Rapp-Gabrielson, V.J.; Gabrielson, D.A.; Schamber, G.J. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Jun. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (6): p. 987-994; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Haemophilus; Virulence; Serotypes; Strain differences; Guinea pigs; Intraperitoneal injection; Application methods; Morbidity; Mortality; Disease models Abstract: Reference strains for Haemophilus parasuis serovars 1 to 7 were examined for virulence by inoculation of guinea pigs. Guinea pig response to intraperitoneal inoculation was similar for the 7 reference strains. However, apparent differences in virulence were detected after intratracheal inoculation. Cells of the reference strains for serovars 1 and 5 were most invasive, causing moribundity or death at higher doses and a persistent septicemia at lower doses. Haemophilus parasuis could be isolated from respiratory and systemic sites; purulent bronchopneumonia, pericarditis, and pleuritis were apparent in infected guinea pigs. Inoculation of cells of the reference strains for serovars 2 and 6 also resulted in bronchopneumonia and moribundity or death in some guinea pigs; however, reisolation of H parasuis and microscopic lesions at necropsy were less pronounced than those observed with serovars 1 and 5. Inoculation of cells of serovars 3, 4, and 7 induced only transient clinical signs and minimal evidence of H parasuis infection at necropsy. The data from intratracheal inoculation of guinea pigs are similar to data from other investigations in swine, indicating differences in the pathogenic potential of H parasuis strains. Thus, guinea pigs may be useful as a laboratory animal model for examining cellular factors associated with virulence and immunogenicity of H parasuis. 79 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Comparison of hematologic parameters in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Alder, V.A.; Yu, D.Y.; Su, E.N.; Cringle, S.J. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (2): p. 170-173; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Diabetes; Animal models; Hematology; Normal values; Blood sugar; Hemoglobin; Glycerate 2,3-bis(phosphate) Abstract: Hematologic values are compared for normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after 6 weeks of induced diabetes. Most hematologic parameters were the same in the two groups except for blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate, all of which were elevated in the streptozotocin group. However the P50 (the P02 at which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is 50% of maximal) remained normal. We hypothesize that a left shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve caused by the glycation of a small percentage of the hemoglobin is compensated by elevation in the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate which returns the P50 to normal values. This compensatory mechanism also occurs in some stages of human diabetes. 80 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1N88 Comparison of the effect of dietary casein and cottonseed protein on food intake and growth in normal tumor-bearing rats. Radcliffe, J.D. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1991 Sep. Nutrition research v. 11 (9): p. 1055-1066; 1991 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dietary protein; Casein; Cottonseed protein; Food intake; Growth rate; Neoplasms; Rats Abstract: Male Fischer 344 rats with (tumor-bearers) and without (controls) a transplantable methylcholanthrene sarcoma were fed isonitrogenous, isoenergetic diets containing either casein or cottonseed protein (CSP) so as to compare the effects of these two proteins on the development of cancer- induced anorexia and cachexia. For both diets, tumor growth was associated with depressed food intake, decreased body weight, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia. Diet had no effect on food intake, weight gain or serum albumin for either controls or tumor-bearers; tumor weight was unaffected by type of dietary protein. Liver weights were lower for animals fed CSP than for those fed casein. Dietary CSP exerted a hypolipidemic effect in normal rats, but this differential effect of protein quality on serum lipids was abolished by tumor growth, as were differences in serum fatty acid profile associated with consumption of CSP. Tumor growth itself was associated with altered fatty acid profiles in serum, with the percentages of fatty acids as stearic and arachidonic acids being decreased and the percentages as oleic and linoleic acids being increased. Thus, dietary CSP has similar effects to casein on the development of cancer anorexia and cachexia in this animal model. The effects of protein quality on serum lipids, however, can be altered by tumor growth. 81 NAL Call. No.: SF757.8.A4 Computed tomography of rambouillet sheep affected with neuronal ceroid lepofuscinosis. Woods, P.R.; Walker, M.A.; Weir, V.A.; Storts, R.W.; Menzies, C.; Shelton, M. Raleigh, NC : American College of Veterinary Radiology; 1994 Jul. Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association v. 34 (4): p. 259-262; 1994 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Computed tomography; Neurons; Degeneration; Brain; Ceroid; Thalamus; Diagnosis; Postmortem examinations; Animal models 82 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43 The contribution of nonhuman primates to understanding coronary artery atherosclerosis in humans. Clarkson, R.B.; Klumpp, S.A. Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council; 1990. I.L.A.R. news v. 32 (2): p. 4-8; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Monkeys; Animal models; Disease models; Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; Blood plasma; Tobacco smoking; Stress; Sex differences; Oral contraceptives 83 NAL Call. No.: RC620.A1N47 Control of hypoallergenicity by animal models. Pahud, J.J.; Schwarz, K.; Granato, D. New York, N.Y. : Raven Press; 1988. Nestle nutrition workshop series v. 17: p. 199-207; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Food allergies; Immune response; Allergens; Hypersensitivity; Models; Breast feeding 84 NAL Call. No.: RA421.P684 Controversial issues of dietary fat and experimental mammary carcinogenesis. Ip, C. Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1993 Sep. Preventive medicine v. 22 (5): p. 728-737; 1993 Sep. Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Prevention of Human Cancer: Nutrition and Chemoprevention Controversies, June 3-6, 1992, Tucson, Arizona. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mammary gland neoplasms; Dietary fat; Linoleic acid; Diet; Caloric intake; Risk; Pregnancy; Lactation; Carcinogenesis; Literature reviews Abstract: Epidemiological evidence from different countries worldwide has suggested a positive association between the availability of fat in the diet and variations in breast cancer mortality rate. A voluminous amount of information is also available in the literature linking increased fat consumption, particularly polyunsaturated fat, and stimulation of mammary tumorigenesis in animal models. In the past few years, our laboratory has been studying the impact of several confounding factors that could modulate the enhancing effect of fat on neoplastic development of the mammary gland in female rats which are treated with a carcinogen. It is our conclusion that fat promotes mammary carcinogenesis only under a very stringent set of conditions which might not be duplicated in the arena of fat intake and human breast cancer risk. Previous studies on fat and mammary cancer in experimental models have used young virgin rats which are given a dose of carcinogen at a particular age. The question arises as to whether the promoting effect of fat might be a consequence of the characteristics of the model. We have supportive evidence showing that the following criteria must be satisfied in order for fat enhancement of mammary carcinogenesis to be manifested: (a) carcinogen administered at a time when the mammary gland is exquisitely susceptible to tumor induction, (b) animals maintained on a semipurified diet, (c) ad libitum feeding necessary, and (d) unusually high requirement of linoleic acid for tumor development. On the other hand, the stimulatory effect of fat is attenuated or sometimes even negated by (a) feeding of a natural ingredient diet, (b) submaximal calorie intake, and (c) previous history of pregnancy and lactation. Given the spectrum of confounders that are inherent in epidemiological studies linking fat intake and breast cancer, including differences in lifestyle, reproductive history, eating habits, as well as complexity of the total diet, our findings suggest that there may be a need to reevaluate the validity of extrapolating animal data that are obtained under a highly defined set of conditions to the etiological significance of dietary fat in human breast cancer. 85 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Convulsions in senescence-accelerated mice (SAM-R/1/Eis). Yamazaki, K.; Kumazawa, A.; Ito, K.; Kurihara, K.; Nakayama, M.; Wakabayashi, T. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1992 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (4): p. 378-381; 1992 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Animal models; Convulsions; Aging Abstract: Senescence-accelerated mice (SAM) are one of the animal models used for studying senescence, which consist of several substrains such as SAM-R/1, R/2, P/1, P/2. SAM-R/1/Eis maintained in Eisai Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Ibaraki, Japan, was originally introduced as a substrain of a normal control SAM-R/1 from Kyoto University, Japan. We have noted signs of convulsions in SAM-R/1/Eis mice during routine animal care, particularly while changing cages. We identified the clinical signs and determined the concentrations of glucose and immunoreactive insulin in plasma of SAM-R/1/Eis mice. There were no differences in the male:female ratios of mice showing prodrome only, grand mal, or no-signs. The ages at which prodrome and grand mal were first noted peaked between 20 and 25 weeks. Concentrations of glucose and immunoreactive insulin in plasma did not indicate the mice were in insulin hypoglycemia, which is one cause of convulsions. AKR strain mice, some of which originated with the SAM strain are known to become convulsive by repeated "throwing" stimulations. Conversely, in SAM-R/1/Eis, throwing stimuli are not needed to cause convulsive signs. Thus it is likely that in SAM-R/1/Eis mice the signs are triggered by repeating mild environmental changes, such as changing cages. The results of this study show that SAM-R/1/Eis is neither a normal control strain, nor an original SAM-R/1 strain. But it is possible that SAM- R/1/Eis is another useful animal model for studying spontaneous convulsion. 86 NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94 Coronary arterial abnormalities in hyperlipidemic rats with renal failure. Yamasaki, K.; Yoshikawa, Y. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; 1994 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 44 (2): p. 125-130; 1994 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Hyperlipemia; Renal failure; Coronary vessels; Arteries; Disease course; Heart; Kidneys; Histopathology; Cholesterol; Triacylglycerols; Phospholipids; Urea; Nitrogen; Blood pressure; Weight Abstract: Hyperlipidemic rats, which have been described as a useful animal model for focal glomerulosclerosis in humans, were examined at the ages of 17, 20, 24, and 27 weeks for evaluation of spontaneously developed coronary arterial lesions. The mean concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, and urea nitrogen were greater than the respective control concentrations at and after the age of 17 weeks. No abnormalities were detected in the blood pressure values. Starting from the age of 24 weeks, the rats had disseminated white spots in the ventricles and septum of the heart. Mean renal weights of hyperlipidemic rats were higher than those of control rats at the ages of 17 and 20 weeks, and the surface of the kidney appeared irregular when rats were 27 weeks old. Histologic examination revealed atrophy of the coronary artery, a decrease in the number of smooth muscle cells, and thinning of the wall, resulting in loss of the normal wall structure. A homogenous eosinophilic substance, the nature and cause of which were unknown, was also seen in the affected arterial walls. Furthermore, white spots observed macroscopically were found to represent myocardial degeneration and necrosis with reactive histiocytic cells and lymphocytes, adventitial fibrosis, and edema associated with the affected arteries. These arterial lesions became evident in rats at and after the age of 24 weeks. Electron microscopic examination of coronary arteries revealed enlargement of the subendothelial space and spaces between the smooth muscle cells containing cell debris in rats at the age of 20 weeks, and degeneration and necrosis of the endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells in the media, and striated muscle cells adjacent to the affected arteries in rats at the age of 27 weeks. Histologic examination of affected kidneys revealed focal glomerulosclerosis, accompanied by the dilatation of the tubules, which contained eosinophilic casts and infiltrating lymphocytes in the interstitium together with edema, at and after the age of 17 weeks. 87 NAL Call. No.: RC927.C73 CRC handbook of animal models for the rheumatic diseases.. Handbook of animal models for the rheumatic diseases Greenwald, Robert A.,_1943-; Diamond, Herbert S., Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press,; 1988. 2 v. : ill. ; 26 cm. Includes bibliographies and index. Language: English Descriptors: Rheumatism; Animal models; Handbooks, manuals, etc; Arthritis; Animal models; Handbooks, manuals, etc; Animal welfare 88 NAL Call. No.: RC756.H28 CRC handbook of animal models of pulmonary disease.. Handbook of animal models of pulmonary disease Cantor, Jerome O. Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press,; 1989. 2 v. : ill. ; 26 cm. Includes bibliographies and indexes. Language: English Descriptors: Lungs 89 NAL Call. No.: 381 J824 Defective glucose-dependent endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sequestration in diabetic mouse islets of Langerhans. Roe, M.W.; Philipson, L.H.; Frangakis, C.J.; Kuznetsov, A.; Mertz, R.J.; Lancaster, M.E.; Spencer, B.; Worley, J.F. III; Dukes, I.D. Bethesda, Md. : American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; 1994 Jul15. The Journal of biological chemistry v. 269 (28): p. 18279-18282; 1994 Jul15. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mice; Experimental diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Calcium ions; Endoplasmic reticulum; Glucose; Pyrophosphatases; Enzyme activity; Pancreas islets; Insulin secretion Abstract: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a metabolic disease associated with abnormal insulin secretion, the underlying mechanisms of which are unknown. Glucose-dependent signal transduction pathways were investigated in pancreatic islets derived from the db/db mouse, an animal model of NIDDM. After stimulation with glucose (4-12 mM), the changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration (Ca2+]i) were different; unlike control islets, db/db islets lacked an initial reduction of [Ca2+]i and the subsequent [Ca2]i oscillations following stimulation with 12 mM glucose. The severity of these defects in Ca2+ signaling correlated with the age-dependent development of hyperglycemia. Similarly defective glucose-induced Ca2+ signaling were reproduced in control islets by pre-exposure to thapsigargin, a selective inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+-ATPase. Estimation of ATPase activities from rates of ATP hydrolysis and by immunoblot hybridization with an antiserum directed against the sacro/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase both demonstrated that the ER Ca2+-ATPase was almost entirely absent from db/db islets. The effects of inhibition of ER Ca2+-ATPase on insulin secretion were also examined; a 4-day exposure of control islets to 1 micromolar thapsigargin resulted in basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion levels similar to those found in db/db islets. These results suggest that aberrant ER Ca2+ sequestration underlies the impaired glucose responses in the db/db mouse and may play a role in defective insulin secretion associated with NIDDM. 90 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 The development of a vaccine against feline immunodeficiency virus. Hosie, M.J. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1994 Jan. The British veterinary journal v. 150 (1): p. 25-39; 1994 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cats; Vaccines; Feline immunodeficiency virus; Infection; Vaccine development; Vaccination; Disease prevention; Literature reviews Abstract: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a retrovirus causing significant disease in cats. The virus has been shown to be similar biologically to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans. Much interest has been expressed in the use of FIV as an animal model for HIV vaccination studies. Both FIV and HIV belong to the lentivirus group of retroviruses. While there are several effective vaccines against feline leukaemia virus (FeLV), a mammalian type C retrovirus, at present there are no effective vaccines against lentiviruses. This review illustrates the obstacles to the production of vaccines against FIV or HIV. FIV vaccine studies conducted in several laboratories are reviewed, the results are compared and factors important for inducing protection from FIV infection are discussed. 91 NAL Call. No.: RC628.O22 Development of insulin resistance during the course of obesity: lessons from animal models. Penicaud, L.; Ferre, P. New York, N.Y. : Human Sciences Press; 1988. Journal of obesity and weight regulation v. 7 (2): p. 91-109; 1988. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diabetes; Obesity; Insulin; Adipose tissue; Glucose tolerance; Animal models; Genetic markers; Experimental diets; Hypothalamic lesions; Metabolism; Lipids; Literature reviews; Rats 92 NAL Call. No.: RC628.N48 1987 The development of the SHR/N- and LA/N-cp (Corpulent) congenic rat strains. Hansen, C.T. Bethesda, Md. : National Institutes of Health; 1988. New models of genetically obese rats for studies in diabetes, heart disease, and complications of obesity : NIH workshop, June 18-19, 1987, summaries of workshop papers and current bibliography. p. 7-11; 1988. Language: English Descriptors: Obesity; Animal breeding; Animal models; Rats 93 NAL Call. No.: 381 J8282 Development of unesterified cholesterol-rich lipid particles in atherosclerotic lesions of WHHL and cholesterol-fed NZW rabbits. Chao, F.F.; Blanchette-Mackie, E.J.; Dickens, B.F.; Gamble, W.; Kruth, H.S. Bethesda, Md. : Lipid Research, inc., 1959-; 1994 Jan. Journal of lipid research v. 35 (1): p. 71-83; 1994 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rabbits; Experimental atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; Lipids; Animal models; Disease models; Hyperlipemia; Phosphatidylcholines; Sphingomyelins Abstract: Previously, we isolated and characterized unesterified cholesterol-rich lipid particles (UCLP) that accumulate in extracellular spaces of atherosclerotic lesions of humans and cholesterol-fed rabbits. In the present study, we examined early developing atherosclerotic lesions to determine when UCLP appear and when they become enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin. Cholesterol-fed NZW rabbits, which rapidly develop atherosclerotic lesions, and genetically hyperlipidemic WHHL rabbits, which develop lesions over a longer period of time, were studied. UCLP of peak density 1.04 g/ml appear as early as 4 weeks after the onset of cholesterol feeding and progressively accumulate during atherosclerotic lesion development. Beginning with their appearance and afterwards, UCLP contain a saturating level (2:1 molar ratio) of cholesterol relative to phospholipid. Whereas, early UCLP are enriched in phosphatidylcholine, with time UCLP become enriched with sphingoymelin. Another UCLP population having a peak density of 1.09 g/ml was present in control aortas and increased in amount more slowly than the d 1.04 g/ml UCLP during cholesterol feeding. The d 1.09 g/ml particles were predominantly unilamellar vesicles, the majority between 100 and 200 nm in diameter. They contained > 90% of their cholesterol in unesterified form and their ratio of unesterified cholesterol to phospholipid progressively increased from 0.6 to 1.7 during cholesterol feeding. Liposome resistance to solubilization by high density lipoproteins is known to be increased by enrichment with unesterified cholesterol and sphingomyelin. Sphingomyelin enrichment of unesterified cholesterol-rich lipid particles (UCLP) could stabilize cholesterol in a form that does not readily crystallize. However, at the same time, the early and progressive accumulation of UCLP in developing atherosclerotic lesions may limit reverse cholesterol transport and accelerate disease progression. 94 NAL Call. No.: QP501.E8 Developmental changes of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase subunit levels in erythrocytes from normal dogs and dogs affected by glycogen storage disease type VII. Mhaskar, Y.; Harvey, J.W.; Dunaway, G.A. New York, NY : Springer-Verlag New York Inc; 1992 Mar. European journal of biochemistry v. 101 (3): p. 303-307; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Glycogenosis; Phosphofructokinase; Isoenzymes; Enzyme activity; Erythrocytes; Age differences; Animal models Abstract: 1. The subunit proportions (L:M:C) of the PFK isozymes from normal adult erythrocytes were 2:86:12. Affected adult erythrocyte 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK) isozymes contained normal L-type (31%) and C-type (61%) subunits as well as a small amount (8%) of truncated M-type subunit. 2. When measured within 24 hr of birth, both normal and affected dog erythrocytes contained high PFK activities due to elevated levels of the L-type subunit. As the dogs matured, PFK activity decreased due to a greater than 99% loss of the L- type subunit. 3. By 2 weeks of age, the M-type and C-type subunits in normal dog PFK isozymes increased severalfold and attained near adult levels. 4. During post-natal development, the L-type subunit from affected dog erythrocytes decreased more rapidly than from normal dog erythrocytes; but it was maintained at a higher level in the affected adult erythrocytes. Also, in the affected dog erythrocytes, truncated M-type subunits were detected; and the initially high levels of the C-type subunit decreased approximately 50% after 4 weeks. 95 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1P72 Diabetes mellitus. What have we learned from animals?. Berdanier, C.D. Tarrytown, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1993 Jul. Progress in food & nutrition science v. 17 (3): p. 261-285; 1993 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diabetes mellitus; Animal models; Animal experiments; Insulin; Obesity; Incidence; Pancreas islets; Autoimmune diseases; Viral diseases; Blood sugar; Glucose; Nutrient transport; Carbohydrate metabolism; Literature reviews Abstract: Progress in our understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus has been made possible because of the availability of animal analogs of the various human diseases. Diabetes mellitus can be mild, moderate or severe depending on the genetic error that is responsible for the disease. Present estimates of errors that result in diabetes range from 20 to 100. Because similar errors have been found in spontaneously diabetic animals scientists have been able to identify the sequence of metabolic events and subsequent tissue change in many of these phenotypes. Studies of the efficacy of various drugs, diets and lifestyle choices on disease development and management thus were made possible. 96 NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43 Diabetes-prone and diabetes-resistant BB rats: animal models of spontaneous and virally induced diabetes mellitus, lymphocytic thyroiditis, and collagen-induced arthritis. Guberski, D.L. Washington, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council; 1993. ILAR news v. 35 (2): p. 29-37; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Rats; Disease models; Diabetes; Strain differences 97 NAL Call. No.: QP801.H7H65 Diabetic embryopathy and fuel-mediated organ teratogenesis: lessons from animal models. Freinkel, N. Stuttgart, W. Ger. : Georg Thieme; 1988 Aug. Hormone and metabolic research; Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung; Hormones et metabolisme v. 20 (8): p. 463-475. ill; 1988 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Diabetes; Pregnancy; Maternal effects; Models; Abnormalities 98 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6 Dietary effects in experimental carcinogenesis: animal models. Kritchevsky, D. Basel : Karger; 1988. Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 174-185; 1988. In the series analytic: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and C.E. West. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Carcinogenesis; Dietary fat; Dietary protein; Carbohydrates; Restricted feeding; Trace elements; Vitamins; Literature reviews 99 NAL Call. No.: QP751.L5 Dietary fat and colon cancer: animal model studies. Reddy, B.S. Champaign, Ill. : American Oil Chemists' Society; 1992 Oct. Lipids v. 27 (10): p. 807-813; 1992 Oct. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Lipids in Cancer" held at the AOCS Annual Meeting, April 1990, Baltimore, Maryland. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dietary fat; Fish oils; Fatty acids; Colon; Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis; Animal models; Reviews 100 NAL Call. No.: RA784.N8 Dietary fat and natural killer cell function. Byham, L.D. Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1991 Jan. Nutrition today v. 26 (1): p. 31-36. charts; 1991 Jan. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Natural killer cells; Dietary fat; Immunity; Neoplasms; Eicosanoids; Lymphocytes; Cell membranes; Lipoxygenase; Animal models; Clinical trials; Literature reviews Abstract: This article looks at the role of dietary fat in influencing the ability of natural killer cells to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. It includes: 1) an overview of the immune system; 2) a discussion of the lymphocytic membrane and; 3) a review of cyclo-oxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibition, and animal models and clinical trials on the role of eicosanoids in natural killer cell function. 101 NAL Call. No.: QP751.L5 Dietary fat and the development of pancreatic cancer. Roebuck, B.D. Champaign, Ill. : American Oil Chemists' Society; 1992 Oct. Lipids v. 27 (10): p. 804-806; 1992 Oct. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Lipids in Cancer" held at the AOCS Annual Meeting, April 1990, Baltimore, Maryland. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dietary fat; Fatty acids; Fish oils; Calories; Exercise; Pancreas; Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis; Animal models; Rats; Reviews 102 NAL Call. No.: RA421.P684 Dietary fat, calories, and fiber in colon cancer. Reddy, B.S. Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1993 Sep. Preventive medicine v. 22 (5): p. 738-749; 1993 Sep. Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Prevention of Human Cancer: Nutrition and Chemoprevention Controversies, June 3-6, 1992, Tucson, Arizona. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Carcinoma; Colon; Dietary fat; Fiber; Caloric intake; Carcinogenesis; Nutritional intervention; Literature reviews Abstract: The purpose of this presentation is (a) to provide an overview of the data thus far obtained in human epidemiological studies and laboratory animal models on the relationship between dietary fat, calories, and fiber and colon carcinogenesis and (b) to discuss whether the effect of dietary fat on colon carcinogenesis is due to the specific action of fat or to an associated caloric effect. Although the primary discussion of this presentation will be on laboratory animal model studies, reference will be made to human studies where appropriate. Future research will produce additional evidence for the etiologic role of types of dietary fat and fiber and total calories in cancer of the colon discussed in this presentation. 103 NAL Call. No.: RC620.A1J6 Dietary fat, calories, and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: a prospective population-based study. Barrett-Connor, E.; Friedlander, N.J. Wilmington, NC : American College of Nutrition; 1993 Aug. Journal of the American College of Nutrition v. 12 (4): p. 390-399; 1993 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dietary fat; Energy intake; Mammary gland neoplasms; Nutrient intake; Menopause; Literature reviews; Risk; Women Abstract: We tested the hypothesis that a high-fat diet increases the risk of breast cancer in a population-based study of 590 women aged 40-79 years who were without known breast cancer when they provided a quantitative 24-hour diet recall. Fifteen postmenopausal women were diagnosed with incident breast cancer during the next 15 years (approximately 7600 person-years of follow-up). These women had significantly higher age-adjusted intake of afl fats (monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and saturated), and oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, with a stepwise increase in risk across tertiles of intake. Fat intake was associated with total calories, protein, and carbohydrates, and women with incident breast cancer consumed more calories, protein, and carbohydrates than did other subjects. When each nutrient variable (calories, fats, protein, and carbohydrates) was adjusted for age, body mass index, age at menopause, parity, and alcohol consumption, the strongest risks for incident breast cancer were associated with total calories (relative risk per standard deviation = 2.72, 95% confidence interval = 1.51-4.89, p = 0.002) and total fats (relative risk per standard deviation = 2.01, 95% confidence interval = 1.19-3.41, p = 0.0 1). Fat composition of the diet, expressed either as percent of energy or as fat intake adjusted for calories by regression analysis, was not significantly associated with risk of breast cancer. These results support the hypothesis that total calorie consumption, as well as dietary fat consumption, is a risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women, and parallel observations in animal models. 104 NAL Call. No.: QP751.L5 Dietary fat, fatty acids and prostate cancer. Rose, D.P.; Connolly, J.M. Champaign, Ill. : American Oil Chemists' Society; 1992 Oct. Lipids v. 27 (10): p. 798-803; 1992 Oct. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Lipids in Cancer" held at the AOCS Annual Meeting, April 1990, Baltimore, Maryland. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dietary fat; Fatty acids; Prostate; Neoplasms; Obesity; Hormones; Growth factors; Risk; Animal models; Reviews 105 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1N83 Dietary fibre in the prevention of colorectal cancer: lessons from studies in animal models. Young, G.P. South Perth, WA: The Society; 1990. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia v. 15: p. 112-119; 1990. Meeting held November 26-28, 1990, Adelaide, South Australia. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Fiber; Neoplasms; Colon 106 NAL Call. No.: QH301.F3 Dietary myristic, palmitic, and linoleic acids modulate cholesterolemia in gerbils. Pronczuk, A. \u Brandeis University, Waltham, MA; Khosla, P.; Hayes, K.C. Bethesda, Md. : The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology; 1994 Nov. The FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology v. 8 (14): p. 1191-1200; 1994 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Meriones unguiculatus; Cholesterol; Blood plasma; Blood composition; Myristic acid; Linoleic acid; Fatty acids; Palmitic acid; Intake; Cholesterol metabolism; Hypercholesterolemia; Regression analysis; Animal models 107 NAL Call. No.: 447.8 AM3 Dietary obesity and weight cycling in rats: a model of stress- induced hypertension?. Contreras, R.J.; King, S.; Rives, L.; Williams, A.; Wattleton, T. Bethesda, Md. : American Physiological Society; 1991 Oct. American journal of physiology v. 261 (4,pt.2): p. R848-R857; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Obesity; Hypertension; Blood pressure; Heart rate; Stress; Diet; Body weight; Cycling; Angiotensin; Animal models; Rats Abstract: The present study was designed to reproduce the mild hypertension seen in dietary obese weight-cycled rats [P. Ernsberger and D. 0. Nelson. Am. J. Physiol. 254 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol 23): R47-R55, 1988] and determine whether this mild hypertension was associated with changes in sodium excretion and pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II (ANG II). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed pelleted chow (Pellet group) or chow plus sweetened condensed milk (Milk group) or were exposed to four cycles of a 4-day fast alternated with 2 wk of refeeding of pelleted chow and sweetened condensed milk (Cycled group). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured by tail cuff at the onset and last day of each fast and after 3 days of refeeding. During fasting, urine sodium excretion was measured. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate responses to intravenous administration of ANG II (40, 80, and 120 ng/kg), metoprolol (1 mg/kg), and methyl scopolamine (2 mg/kg) were obtained from the femoral artery in awake unrestrained rats. Weight cycling did not lead to mild hypertension or increased bradycardic response to sympathetic blockade with metoprolol. ANG II- elicited pressor responses were similar for Pellet, Milk, and Cycled groups. Sodium excretion did not change with fasting. Mild hypertension developed when obese weight-cycled rats were housed together in groups and not when housed individually. Our preliminary data are consistent with the notion that stress associated with group housing may be a factor in the mild hypertension of obese weight-cycled rats. 108 NAL Call. No.: RC692.D54 1990 Dietary proteins, cholesterol, metabolism and atherosclerosis. Sugano, Michihiro,_1933-; Beynen, Anton C., Basel ; New York : Karger,; 1990. 163 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. (Monographs on atherosclerosis ; vol. 16). Includes index. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Atherosclerosis; Blood cholesterol; Hypercholesteremia; Food; Blood proteins Abstract: Analyzes the effects of dietary animal, vegetable and fish proteins on serum cholesterol levels in animal models and humans. Explores the possible mechanisms which have been advanced to date and reports the results of original research inquiries. 109 NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6 Dietary-induced obesity in experimental animals. Kanarek, R.B.; Orthen-Gambill, N. Basel : Karger; 1988. Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 83-110; 1988. In the series analytic: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and C.E. West. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal models; Rats; Obesity; Dietary fat; Dietary carbohydrate; Feed conversion efficiency; Feed intake; Adipose tissue; Fat metabolism; Nutritive ratio; Exercise; Carbohydrate metabolism disorders; Specific dynamic action; Literature reviews 110 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1N88 Dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis in ethanol-fed rats. Rogers, A.E.; Conner, B.H. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1990 Aug. Nutrition research v. 10 (8): p. 915-928; 1990 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ethanol; Mammary gland neoplasms; Carcinogens; Rats Abstract: Epidemiological evidence indicates that ingestion of alcoholic beverages is a risk factor or is associated with a risk factor for breast cancer. A small increase in relative risk (1.1-1.2) compared to non-drinkers, has been reported for drinkers of small amounts of alcohol, approximately 3-4 drinks per week; a larger increase in relative risk (1.4-1.7) with a significant dose relationship occurs at intakes of 2-3 drinks per day. Two drinks per day would supply approximately 7-10% of a woman's caloric intake. This evidence, coupled with the general association of breast cancer risk with higher economic, nutritional and education status, supports the view that relevant animal models for study of the relationship between alcohol and breast cancer should employ moderate alcohol and good nutrient intake. Two carcinogenesis experiments were performed in ethanol-fed, female, Sprague- Dawley rats. In the first, groups of 50 rats were fed control diet ad libitum (CON) or were fed the diet with 20% of calories supplied as ethanol (ETOH) or were pair-fed control diet in amounts determined by the intake of ETOH rats (PF). They were given 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), 20 mg/kg, by gavage at 55 days of age and monitored for tumor development. There was no detectable effect of ethanol on mammary tumor latency, incidence, number, weight or histology. In the second experiment, rats divided into the same groups were given 25% of calories as ethanol, with occasional increases to 35%, and the dose of DMBA was increased to 30 mg/kg. Again, there was no detectable effect of ethanol on mammary tumorigenesis. Thus, no effect of ethanol on mammary gland tumorigenesis by DMBA was observed in rats treated by 2 different protocols. 111 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatotoxicosis in dogs as a model of progressive canine hepatic disease. Boothe, D.M.; Jenkins, W.L.; Green, R.A.; Corrier, D.E.; Cullen, J.M.; Boothe, H.W.; Weise, D. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Mar. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (3): p. 411-420; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dogs; Hepatitis; Disease models; Animal models; N-nitrosodimethylamine Abstract: A model of toxin-induced progressive hepatitis is described in Beagles. The toxin, dimethylnitrosamine, was administered orally to 18 Beagles; 6 dogs comprised a control group. Clinical signs and laboratory test results were monitored as disease progressed and were used to determine the end point of disease. Following euthanasia, histologic lesions were scored and used to derive a total severity score for each dog. Severity scores were then used to allot the 18 dogs to 3 groups of hepatic disease, defined as mild, moderate, or severe. Changes in clinical laboratory test results, including tests of hepatic function, and clinical signs indicative of liver disease were described chronologically for all dogs. Group means of clinical laboratory test results and quantifiable clinical signs (eg, weight loss and ascitic fluid accumulation) were compared. This model offers several advantages, compared with other experimental models of canine hepatic disease. These include hepatospecificity, similarity to natural disease (eg, the development of multiple extrahepatic portosystemic shunts), and the ability to titrate the disease to a desired end point. The major disadvantages of this model were the toxic nature of the drug to human beings and the variation in individual animal response to the toxin, which precludes preassignment of animals into groups. 112 NAL Call. No.: 447.8 Am3 Direct plasma radioimmunoassay for rat amylin-(1-37): concentrations with acquired and genetic obesity. Pieber, T.R.; Roitelman, J.; Lee, Y.; Luskey, K.L.; Stein, D.T. Bethesda, Md. : American Physiological Society, 1898-; 1994 Jul. American journal of physiology v. 267 (1,pt.1): p. E156-E164; 1994 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Obesity; Polypeptides; Insulin; Measurement; Blood plasma; Radioimmunoassay; Aging; Pathogenesis; Animal models; Rats Abstract: Amylin (islet-associated polypeptide) is a 37-amino acid peptide that is cosecreted with insulin from the pancreatic beta-cell. Accurate measurement of its plasma levels is important for delineating the physiological range over which amylin acts. We describe a reproducible, highly specific, and sensitive radioimmunoassay for direct measurement of plasma amylin-(1-37). We measured changes in portal and systemic plasma amylin and insulin in three groups of anesthetized rats: lean young adult and old adult Wistar rats with acquired obesity, and Wistar fatty [WDF/TaFa (fa/fa)] rats, a model of genetic obesity and insulin resistance derived from the Wistar strain. Changes in response to fasting, feeding, and intravenous stimulation with glucose plus arginine were assessed. We find that the amylin-to- insulin ratio is constant in fasted or fed young and old rats because of proportionate increases in both entities with aging. In genetically obese Wistar rats, amylin and insulin levels are three- to tenfold higher than in lean young or obese old normal controls. Islet stimulation by feeding or intravenous glucose plus arginine resulted in a decreased amylin-to-insulin molar ratio in all groups. When normalized for the degree of islet stimulation, amylin-to-insulin ratios were significantly elevated in genetically obese vs. normal rats, both in the portal and systemic circulation. These results demonstrate that aging-related weight gain in normal rats is associated with moderate and proportional increases in amylin and insulin, whereas genetic obesity is characterized by elevated amylin and an increased amylin-to-insulin ratio. Implications for the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and obesity are discussed. 113 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45 Discovery and development of novel prototype antibiotics for opportunistic infections related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Clark, A.M.; Hufford, C.D. Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society, 1974-; 1993. ACS symposium series (534): p. 228-241; 1993.