Animal Models of Disease Animal Welfare Information Center United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library

Compiled By:
Tim Allen
Animal Welfare Information Center, Information Centers Branch
National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture
10301 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351

National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:

 Allen, Tim
   Animal models of disease : January 1988-January 1995.
   (Quick bibliography series ; 95-14)
   1. Diseases--Animal models--Bibliography. 2. Animal models
 in research--Bibliography. 3. Laboratory animals--
 Bibliography. I. Title.
 aZ5071.N3 no.95-14
 

Search Strategy

   Line Description
   ---- -----------
   1.   animal(W)model?
   2.   disease? or disorder? or syndrome?
   3.   S1 and S2
   4.   S3 and PY=1988:1995
 
 

 1                                     NAL Call. No.: 381 J8282
 Aberrant hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in the Watanabe
 heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit.
 Robins, E.D.; Nelson, L.M.; Hoeg, J.M.
 Bethesda, Md. : Lipid Research, inc., 1959-; 1994 Jan.
 Journal of lipid research v. 35 (1): p. 52-59; 1994 Jan. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Rabbits; Hyperlipemia; Animal models; Disease
 models; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypothalamus; Pituitary;
 Ovaries; Pituitary-gonadal axis; Low density lipoprotein;
 Receptors; Fsh; Lh; Progesterone; Estradiol; Gonadotropins;
 Cholesterol; Blood lipids
 
 Abstract:  The WHHL rabbit has a defective low density
 lipoprotein receptor and is a model for familial
 hypercholesterolemia. WHHL rabbits are less fecund than NZW
 rabbits, the strain into which the defect has been inbred.
 This lower fecundity could be related to impaired ovarian
 steroidogenesis due to reduced intracellular availability of
 cholesterol. Here we compare the WHHL and NZW rabbits with
 regard to oocyte morphology and fertilization rates after
 stimulation with equine chorionic gonadotropin. We also
 compare hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis function by
 measuring baseline and gonadotropin releasing hormone-
 stimulated plasma estradiol, progesterone, and gonadotropin
 levels, both before and after simvastatin inhibition of de
 novo cholesterol synthesis. WHHL rabbit oocytes remained
 encased in cumulus and had a lowered fertilization rate (9/50
 vs. 83/87, P < 0.05). WHHL rabbits had lower baseline
 estradiol levels (7.1 +/- 0.72 vs. 10.2 +/- 0.94, P < 0.05)
 and had higher baseline follicle stimulating hormone (P <
 0.05) and luteinizing hormone (P < 0.05) levels. Simvastatin
 lowered luteal progesterone concentrations only in WHHL
 rabbits (P < 0.05). We conclude that the hypothalamic-
 pituitary-ovarian axis in WHHL rabbits is abnormal. The
 reduced availability of intracellular cholesterol for
 progesterone synthesis by inhibition of de novo cholesterol
 biosynthesis leads to a significant reduction in plasma
 progesterone concentrations in the WHHL. These findings have
 implications for women with familial hypercholesterolemia,
 particularly regarding treatment with inhibitors of de novo
 cholesterol synthesis.
 
 
 2                                      NAL Call. No.: 500 N21P
 Abnormal class I assembly and peptide presentation in the
 nonobese diabetic mouse.
 Li, F.; Guo, J.; Fu, Y.; Yan, G.; Faustman, D.
 Washington, D.C. : National Academy of Sciences,; 1994 Nov08.
 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
 States of America v. 91 (23): p. 11128-11132; 1994 Nov08. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mice; Diabetes; T lymphocytes; Major
 histocompatibility complex; Histocompatibility antigens;
 Autoimmunity; Autoimmune diseases; Structural genes; Alleles;
 Gene expression; Animal models
 
 Abstract:  Presentation of self-antigens by major
 histocompatibility compatibility complex (MHC) class I
 molecules requires the function MHC class II-linked genes
 Tap-1 and Tap-2. Evidence suggests that interruption of self-
 peptide presentation results in reduced cell surface
 expression of MHC class I molecules and the interruption
 correlates with progression to diabetic autoimmunity in
 nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and humans. NOD mice possess a
 rare Tap-1 allele (Tap-1b); this is associated with reduced
 Tap-1 mRNA abundance in lymphocytes from diabetes-prone
 females and decreased conformationally correct class I
 molecules on the cell surface. In this study, we demonstrate
 that, similar to lymphoma cell lines with mutations in Tap-1
 or Tap-2, the reduced expression of class I molecules on the
 surface of lymphocytes from diabetes-prone female NOD mice was
 normalized by incubation at low temperatures or by exposure to
 class I allele-specific peptides. As would be expected for
 cells that express surface class I molecules not associated
 with peptide, female NOD lymphocytes were resistant to lysis
 by class I-restricted, peptide-specific cytotoxic T
 lymphocytes. Furthermore, the rate of class I exit from the
 endoplasmic reticulum of lymphocytes from female NOD mice was
 delayed as demonstrated by delayed glycosylation. Male NOD
 mice, which are not prone to diabetes, lacked these functional
 defects in class I assembly and had near-normal levels of
 Tap-1 mRNA and exhibited normal density of class I epitopes
 that were peptide filled. These results are consistent with
 the possibility that the rare Tap-1b allele is associated with
 a quantitative defect in Tap-1 expression that influences
 disease course.
 
 
 3                                    NAL Call. No.: RC628.A1O2
 Abnormalities of plasma lipoproteins in a new genetically
 obese rat with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Wistar
 fatty rat). Jiao, S.; Matsuzawa, Y.; Matsubara, K.; Kubo, M.;
 Tokunaga, K.; Odaka, H.; Ikeda, H.; Matsuo, T.; Tarui, S.
 Basingstoke, Hampshire : The Macmillan Press Ltd; 1991 Jul.
 International journal of obesity v. 15 (7): p. 487-495; 1991
 Jul.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Obesity; Diabetes mellitus; Insulin; Cholesterol
 acyltransferase; Lipoproteins; Apolipoproteins; Blood plasma;
 Diet; Intestinal absorption; Rats
 
 Abstract:  We investigated plasma lipoprotein profiles and the
 activities of tissue cholesterol regulating enzymes in Wistar
 fatty rats, an animal model for non-insulin-dependent diabetes
 mellitus (NIDDM). Wistar fatty rats were made by transfer of
 the fa gene to the Wistar Kyoto rats by backcross-breeding.
 Wistar fatty and control non-diabetic littermates were given a
 laboratory chow or an atherogenic diet containing 1 percent
 (weight percent) cholesterol, 0.5 percent cholic acid, and 5
 percent lard. Under the chow diet, plasma fasting glucose and
 immunoreactive insulin concentrations in Wistar fatty rats
 were 1.5- and 6-fold higher than controls, respectively.
 Plasma cholesterol was significantly increased in Wistar fatty
 rats compared with controls. Elevated plasma cholesterol
 levels in Wistar fatties was accounted for by the increases of
 cholesterol content in the d < 1.006 g/ml lipoprotein and
 high-density lipoproteins. Under the atherogenic diet, plasma
 cholesterol levels in Wistar fatties were further increased by
 129 percent compared with controls. The diet-induced increase
 of cholesterol contents was shown in all lipoprotein classes
 for Wistar fatty rats. The activities of regulatory enzymes
 for cholesterol biosynthesis or absorption were measured in
 Wistar fatty rats. Both hepatic and intestinal 3-hydroxy-3-
 methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase activities were
 significantly higher in Wistar fatty rats than those in
 controls (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). ACAT
 activities in Wistar fatties were significantly increased in
 the intestine (P < 0.05) and decreased in the liver in
 comparison with controls (P < 0.01). Cholesterol loading
 caused suppression of HMG-CoA reductase activities and
 enhancement of ACAT activities of both tissues in Wistar fatty
 rats as much as in controls. These data suggest that
 hypercholesterolemia in the NIDDM rats might be attributed to
 the increases in both de novo synthesis and intestinal
 absorption of cholesterol. Magnified response of
 
 
 4                                    NAL Call. No.: RA784.A1I5
 Activity-induced anorexia in rats does not affect hypothalamic
 neuropeptide gene expression chronically.
 Wong, M.L.; Licinio, J.; Gold, P.W.; Glowa, J.
 New York, N.Y. : John Wiley & Sons; 1993 May.
 The International journal of eating disorders v. 13 (4): p.
 399-405; 1993 May.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Physical activity; Anorexia; Hypothalamus;
 Neuropeptides; Gene expression; Rats
 
 Abstract:  Hypothalamic neuropeptides are thought to
 contribute to the pathophysiology of eating disorders. In an
 animal model with chronic abnormalities of energy expenditure,
 appetitive behavior, and body weight, without acute food
 restriction, we found alterations in peripheral levels of
 adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone, but no
 alterations in the expression of neuropeptides genes that are
 known to regulate ingestive behavior and food intake acutely.
 Our data suggest that activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-
 adrenal function in activity anorexia may not be due to
 increased transcription of corticotropin-releasing hormone
 gene, but might be related to posttranscriptional events or to
 other neuropeptides, such as arginine vasopressin.
 Furthermore, we suggest that abnormalities in neuropeptides
 observed in eating disorders may be caused by acute food
 restriction, rather than by chronic hyperactivity, anorexia,
 and low weight.
 
 
 5                                      NAL Call. No.: 381 J824
 Adipose cell hyperplasia and enhanced glucose disposal in
 transgenic mice overexpressing GLUT4 selectively in adipose
 tissue.
 Shepherd, P.R.; Gnudi, L.; Tozzo, E.; Yang, H.; Leach, F.;
 Kahn, B.B. Baltimore, Md. : American Society for Biochemistry
 and Molecular Biology; 1993 Oct25.
 The Journal of biological chemistry v. 268 (30): p.
 22243-22246; 1993 Oct25. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mice; Transgenic animals; Animal proteins;
 Glucose; Active transport; Plasma membranes; Adipocytes;
 Hyperplasia; Adipose tissue; Carbohydrate metabolism; Brown
 fat; Body fat; Glucose tolerance
 
 Abstract:  To gain insight into the molecular pathogenesis of
 obesity and specifically the role of nutrient partitioning in
 the development of obesity, we overexpressed the insulin-
 responsive glucose transporter (GLUT4) in transgenic mice
 under the control of the fat-specific aP2 fatty acid-binding
 protein promoter/enhancer. Two lines of transgenic mice were
 generated, which overexpressed GLUT4 6-9-fold in white fat and
 3-5-fold in brown fat with no overexpression in other tissues.
 In vivo glucose tolerance was enhanced in transgenic mice. In
 isolated epididymal, parametrial, and subcutaneous adipose
 cells from transgenic mice, basal glucose transport was 20-34-
 fold greater than in nontransgenic littermates. Insulin-
 stimulated glucose transport was 2-4-fold greater in cells
 from transgenic mice. Total body lipid was increased 2-3-fold
 in transgenic mice overexpressing GLUT4 in fat. Surprisingly,
 fat cell size was unaltered and fatcell number was increased
 >2-fold. This is the first animal model in which increased fat
 mass results solely from adipocyte hyperplasia and it will be
 a valuable model for understanding the mechanisms responsible
 for fat cell replication and/or differentiation in vivo.
 
 
 6                                      NAL Call. No.: 421 J828
 Aedes (Gymnometopa) mediovittatus (Diptera: Culicidae) as an
 experimental vector of Brugia pahangi and B. malayi
 (Spirurida: Filariidae). Trpis, M.
 Lanham, Md. : The Entomological Society of America; 1994 May.
 Journal of medical entomology v. 31 (3): p. 442-444; 1994 May. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Aedes mediovittatus; Brugia malayi; Brugia
 pahangi; Disease vectors; Experimental infection;
 Susceptibility; Animal models; Filariasis
 
 Abstract:  To test the susceptibility of Aedes (Gymnometopa)
 mediovittatus to infection with Brugia pahangi and Brugia
 malayi, females originating from the suburbs of San Juan,
 Puerto Rico, were fed on infected gerbils (Meriones
 unguiculatus). On average, 39.2% of the Ae. mediovittatus
 females became infected with L3 larvae of B. pahangi and 47.4%
 with B. malayi. The average number of infective L3 larvae of
 B. pahangi and B. malayi dissected from mosquitoes was 2.6 +/-
 1.2 and 2.9 +/- 1.0, respectively. The largest number of in a
 single mosquito was 16. After 10 d of development in the
 mosquitoes, L3 larvae of both Brugian species were found in
 greatest number in the thorax, in lesser number in the
 head/proboscis, and in least number in the abdomen. Ae.
 mediovittatus may, serve as a useful laboratory model for the
 study of genetic susceptibility and refractoriness of mosquito
 vectors to filarial parasites.
 
 
 7                                      NAL Call. No.: 41.8 P27
 Age-related changes in the prostate and testes of the beagle
 dog. Lowseth, L.A.; Gerlach, R.F.; Gillett, N.A.; Muggenburg,
 B.A. Lawrence, Kan. : American College of Veterinary
 Pathologists; 1990 Sep. Veterinary pathology v. 27 (5): p.
 347-353; 1990 Sep.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Dogs; Prostate; Weight; Testes; Histology; Blood
 serum; Testosterone; Aging; Age differences; Animal models
 
 
 8                                     NAL Call. No.: TX345.B74
 Alcoholism and folate homeostasis.
 Halsted, C.H.
 San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1989.
 Bristol-Myers Squibb/Mead Johnson nutrition symposia v. 7: p.
 249-266. charts; 1989.  In the series analytic: Nutrition and
 the Origins of Disease / edited by G.H. Halsted and R.B.
 Rucker.  Literature review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Folic acid; Alcoholism; Vitamin deficiencies;
 Nutrition physiology; Liver; Nutrient balance; Literature
 reviews
 
 Abstract:  This chapter examines a variety of issues relating
 to folate deficiency and alcoholism: 1) incidence; 2) clinical
 significance (anemia, intestinal mucosa, hepatic injury and
 regeneration); 3) pathogenesis (dietary inadequacy, intestinal
 malabsorption; hepatobiliary metabolism, urinary excretion);
 and 4) animal models.
 
 
 9                                     NAL Call. No.: SF601.J65
 Alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in canine lymphoma.
 Vail, D.M.; Ogilvie, G.K.; Wheeler, S.L.; Fettman, M.J.;
 Johnston, S.D.; Hegstad, R.L.
 Hagerstown, Md. : American College of Veterinary Medicine;
 1990 Jan. Journal of veterinary internal medicine v. 4 (1): p.
 8-11; 1990 Jan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Dogs; Lymphoma; Carbohydrate metabolism
 disorders; Blood sugar; Glucose tolerance; Blood serum; Lactic
 acid; Insulin; Cachexia; Disease models; Animal models
 
 
 10                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
 Alternatives to the use of conventional research animals in
 neoplasia research.
 Ladiges, W.C.
 Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Mar01.
 Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 200
 (5): p. 674-676; 1992 Mar01.  Paper presented at the symposium
 "Animal welfare and alternatives to animals--current knowledge
 and research needs", July 31, 1991, Seattle, Washington. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animal testing alternatives; Medical research;
 Neoplasms; Animal models; Disease models
 
 
 11                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3
 Alternatives to the use of conventional research animals in
 neoplasia research.
 Ladiges, W.C. \u University of Washington, Seattle, WA
 Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Mar01.
 Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 200
 (5): p. 674-676; 1992 Mar01.  Corrects AGRICOLA accession
 number IND92017402 in which the publication year was
 incorrectly entered as 1991.  Paper presented at the symposium
 "Animal welfare and alternatives to animals--current knowledge
 and research needs", July 31, 1991, Seattle, Washington. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animal testing alternatives; Medical research;
 Neoplasms; Animal models; Disease models
 
 
 12                                  NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1J68
 Amino acid availability and brain development: effects of
 nutritional and metabolic inadequacies.
 Huether, G.
 Basingstoke : The Macmillan Press Ltd; 1989.
 European journal of clinical nutrition v. 43 (suppl.1): p.
 19-25; 1989. Includes 25 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Amino acids; Bioavailability; Brain disorders;
 Hyperphenylalaninemia; Child development; Protein metabolism;
 Protein synthesis; Malnutrition; Neurotransmitters; Serotonin;
 Animal models; Man
 
 Abstract:  Inadequacies of the brain's amino acid supply are
 relevant to the processes of protein accretion and transmitter
 synthesis during brain development. Experimental
 hyperphenylalaninaemia has demonstrated the consequences of
 rather severe imbalances of the brain's amino acid supply. An
 inadequate supply of essential amino acids has been shown to
 influence a variety of developmental processes.
 
 
 13                                  NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1A63
 Amino acid metabolism in human cancer cachexia.
 Pisters, P.W.T.; Brennan, M.F.
 Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc; 1990.
 Annual review of nutrition v. 10: p. 107-132. charts; 1990. 
 Includes 138 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Amino acid metabolism; Carcinoma; Cachexia;
 Nitrogen balance; Kinetics; Men; Women
 
 Abstract:  Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome that occurs
 with variable incidence in patients with solid tumors and
 those with hematologic malignancies. It is associated with
 characteristic physical and laboratory findings, and at a more
 fundamental level, with significant abnormalities in
 carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. These alterations
 in intermediary metabolism are demonstrable early in the
 syndrome, even before the onset of weight loss, when the more
 characteristic features of cancer cachexia are evident.
 Progressive wasting of peripheral protein stores is a major
 feature of cancer cachexia and often one of the most graphic
 realities of malignancy for patients and their families.
 Unfortunately, significant problems with the animal models of
 cancer cachexia make conclusions derived from animal studies
 difficult to extrapolate to humans. Data from human studies
 indicate that human cancer cachexia is associated with minimal
 aberrations in circulating free amino acid concentrations;
 increased whole-body protein turnover, synthesis, and
 catabolism; reduced rates of skeletal muscle protein
 synthesis; and increased rates of hepatic protein synthesis.
 Whether or not these alterations represent pathologic
 responses or physiologic adaptation by the host to the
 presence of malignancy remains to be seen. Future
 investigations must focus on more careful evaluation of
 interorgan amino acid metabolism, investigation of skeletal
 muscle protein catabolic rates in cancer cachexia, and
 definition of the roles of altered hormonal and cytokine
 regulation of these processes. Such studies will more
 precisely define the level at which amino acid metabolism is
 altered significantly and, we hope, permit more specific
 therapeutic intervention designed to reverse the debilitating
 effects of cancer cachexia.
 
 
 14                                     NAL Call. No.: QP501.C6
 An animal model of systemic carnitine deficiency produced by
 haemodialysis of sheep.
 Snoswell, A.M.; Fishlock, R.C.; Runciman, W.B.; Carapetis, R.
 Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1989.
 Comparative biochemistry and physiology : B : Comparative
 biochemistry v. 93 (4): p. 741-745; 1989.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Sheep; Models; Deficiency diseases; Carnitine;
 Hemodialysis
 
 
 15                                     NAL Call. No.: TD172.J6
 An animal model to assess the potential for viral disease
 transmission from lawns irrigated with wastewater.
 Deming, E.J.; Mote, C.R.; Von Bernuth, R.D.; Potgieter, L.N.D.
 New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992 Dec.
 Journal of environmental science and health : Part A :
 Environmental science and engineering v. 27 (8): p. 2199-2211;
 1992 Dec.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Irrigation; Waste water;
 Contamination; Porcine enterovirus; Pigs; Disease
 transmission; Animal models; Disease models; Human diseases;
 Infection; Risk
 
 
 16                                    NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6
 Animal models for studies of relationships between diet and
 diabetes. Herberg, L.
 Basel : Karger; 1988.
 Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 111-148; 1988.  In the
 series analytic: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human
 Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and C.E. West.  Literature
 review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Diabetes mellitus; Pancreas; Insulin; Pituitary
 hormones; Rats; Blood sugar; Dietary carbohydrate; Dietary
 fat; Animal models; Feed intake; Cricetulus barabensis;
 Hyperinsulinemia; Insulin secretion; Literature reviews
 
 
 17                                   NAL Call. No.: QR180.3.D4
 Animal models for the evaluation of drugs and vaccines for HIV
 infection and AIDS: report of a WHO working group.
 Esparza, J.
 Basel : S. Karger; 1990.
 Developments in biological standardization v. 72: p. 367-372;
 1990.  In the series analytic: Progress in animal retroviruses
 / edited by D. Gaudry and W. Hennessen. Meeting held on Oct
 4-6, 1989, Annecy, France.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Disease models; Human immunodeficiency virus;
 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
 
 
 18                            NAL Call. No.: RC607.A26I63 1989
 Animal models in AIDS.
 Schellekens, Huub; Horzinek, Marian C.
 Nederlandse Centrale Organisatie voor Toegepast-
 Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek
 International TNO Meeting 1989 : Maastricht, Netherlands.
 Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier ; New York, NY, USA : Sole
 distributors for the USA and Canada, Elsevier Science Pub.
 Co.,; 1990.
 xxii, 380 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.  Includes index.  Includes
 bibliographical references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: AIDS (Disease)
 
 
 19                               NAL Call. No.: QL55.A53  1988
 Animal models in biomedical research proceedings of symposium,
 20-21 January 1988.
 Laboratory Animals Information Service Centre (India)
 Hyderabad, India : Laboratory Animals Information Service
 Centre, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of
 Medical Research, [1988?]; 1988. 79 p., [7] p. of plates :
 ill. ; 25 cm.  Symposium held in New Delhi, India. Includes
 bibliographical references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animal models in research; Diseases
 
 
 20                                NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987
 Animal models in hemostasis and thrombosis.
 Rowsell, H.C.
 Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988.
 New developments in biosciences : their implications for
 laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third
 Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited
 by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 289-294; 1988. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Disease models; Thrombosis;
 Blood flow; Hemorrhage; Blood coagulation
 
 
 21                                      NAL Call. No.: 475 EX7
 Animal models in interferon research: some current trends.
 Schellekens, H.
 Basel : Birkhauser; 1989 Jun15.
 Experientia v. 45 (6): p. 558-562; 1989 Jun15.  Literature
 review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animal experiments; Animal research; Interferon;
 In vivo; Disease models; Bacterial diseases; Protozoal
 infections; Parasites
 
 
 22                               NAL Call. No.: 41.8  Ad9 v.37
 Animal models in liver research.
 Cornelius, Charles E.
 San Diego : Academic Press,; 1993.
 xx, 479 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (Advances in veterinary science and
 comparative medicine ; v.37).  Includes bibliographical
 references and index.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Diseases
 
 
 23                                       NAL Call. No.: QR1.F4
 Animal models in the study of pathogenesis.
 Adlam, C.
 Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1988.
 FEMS symposium - Federation of European Microbiological
 Societies v. 40: p. 159-167; 1988.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animals; Models; Pathogenesis; Bovine mastitis;
 Rhinitis; Lymphadenitis; Sheep; Respiratory diseases
 
 
 24                                   NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1C8
 Animal models of appetitive behavior: interaction of
 nutritional factors and drug seeking behavior.
 Kanarek, R.B.; Marks-Kaufman, R.
 New York, N.Y. : Wiley; 1988.
 Current concepts in nutrition v. 16: p. 1-5; 1988.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Feeding behavior; Appetite; Models; Nutrition;
 Drug effects; Interactions
 
 
 25                                    NAL Call. No.: QP601.M49
 Animal models of chronic ethanol toxicity.
 Lieber, C.S.; DeCarli, L.M.
 New York : Academic Press, 1955-; 1994.
 Methods in enzymology. p. 585-594; 1994.  In the series
 analytic: Oxygen radicals in biological systems (Part C) /
 edited by L. Packer.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ethanol; Toxicity; Chronic course; Diet; Liquid
 diets; Liver; Animal models; Papio; Rats
 
 
 26                                    NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6
 Animal models of diet-induced atherosclerosis.
 Clarkson, T.B.; Shively, C.A.; Weingand, K.W.
 Basel : Karger; 1988.
 Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 56-82; 1988.  In the
 series analytic: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human
 Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and C.E. West.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animal models; Experimental atherosclerosis;
 Atherogenic diet; Rabbits; Pigeons; Pigs; Primates;
 Pathogenesis
 
 
 27                                    NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
 Animal models of disease 1979-August 1988.
 Swanson, J.C.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1988 Nov.
 Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculure,
 National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (89-07): 25 p.; 1988
 Nov.  Bibliography.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animals; Disease models; Animal welfare;
 Bibliographies
 
 
 28                                    NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
 Animal models of disease, January 1979-August 1989.
 Swanson, J.; Clingerman, K.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1989 Dec.
 Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculure,
 National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (90-09): 27 p.; 1989
 Dec.  Updates QB 89-07. Bibliography.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animals; Laboratory animals; Animal diseases;
 Disease models; Bibliographies
 
 
 29                                    NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
 Animal models of disease, January 1988-January 1994.
 Smith, C.P.; Larson, J.A.
 Beltsville, Md., National Agricultural Library; 1994 Mar.
 Quick bibliography series - National Agricultural Library
 (94-19): 83 p.; 1994 Mar.  Updates QB 92-61.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animal models; Disease models; Bibliographies
 
 
 30                                    NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
 Animal models of disease--January 1979-December 1990.
 Smith, C.P.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1991 Feb.
 Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
 National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (91-42): 38 p.; 1991
 Feb.  Updates QB 90-09. Bibliography.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animal models; Diseases; Bibliographies
 
 
 31                                    NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
 Animal models of disease--January 1981-July 1992.
 Smith, C.P.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1992 Aug.
 Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
 National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (92-61): 59 p.; 1992
 Aug.  Updates QB 91-42.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animal diseases; Disease models; Bibliographies
 
 
 32                           NAL Call. No.: QR201.A37A55  1993
 Animal models of HIV and other retroviral infections.
 Racz, Paul; Letvin, Norman L.; Gluckman, J. C.
 Basel ; New York : Karger,; 1993.
 viii, 200 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 25 cm.  Includes
 bibliographical references and index.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: HIV infections; Retrovirus infections
 
 
 33                                     NAL Call. No.: 500 N484
 Animal models of human eating disorders.
 Smith, G.P.
 New York, N.Y. : The Academy; 1989.
 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 575: p. 63-74;
 1989.  In the series analytic: The psychology of human eating
 disorders: preclinical and clinical perspectives / edited by
 L.H. Schneider, S.J. Cooper, and K.A. Halmi.  Literature
 review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Nutritional disorders; Human nutrition research;
 Animal experiments; Anorexia nervosa; Bulimia nervosa; Models
 
 
 34                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Ad9
 Animal models of liver fibrosis.
 Rojkind, M. \u Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY;
 Greenwel, P. San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1993.
 Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine v. 37:
 p. 333-355; 1993.  In the series analytic: Animal models in
 liver research / edited by Charles E. Cornelius.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Liver diseases; Animal models; Alcoholism;
 Schistosomiasis; Carbon tetrachloride
 
 
 35                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 P27
 Animal models of retrovirus-associated malignancies.
 Cremer, K.J.; Gruber, J.
 Lawrence, Kan. : American College of Veterinary Pathologists;
 1992 Nov. Veterinary pathology v. 29 (6): p. 572-578; 1992
 Nov.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animal models; Retroviridae
 
 
 36                                    NAL Call. No.: QH301.N32
 Animal studies of iodized oils: iodine disposition and
 physiological effects. Chambon, C.; Chastin, I.
 New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1993.
 NATO ASI series : Series A : Life sciences v. 241: p. 159-167;
 1993.  In the series analytic: Iodine deficiency in Europe: a
 continuing concern / edited by F. Delange, J.T. Dunn, and D.
 Glioner. Proceedings of an International Workshop, April
 24-28, 1992, Brussels, Belgium. Includes a discussion, p.
 166-167.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Cooking oils; Deficiency diseases; Goiter; Human
 diseases; Iodine; Physiopathology; Rats; Animal models;
 Livestock
 
 
 37                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3
 Animals as a source of Escherichia coli pathogenic for human
 beings. Whipp, S.C.; Rasmussen, M.A.; Cray, W.C. Jr
 Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1994 Apr15.
 Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 204
 (8): p. 1168-1175; 1994 Apr15.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Cattle; Escherichia; Escherichia coli;
 Pathogenicity; Man; Disease prevalence; Animal models; Human
 diseases; Gastrointestinal diseases
 
 
 38                                   NAL Call. No.: 389.1 W892
 Antiarrhythmic effects of fish oils.
 Charnock, J.S.
 Basel : S. Karger; 1991.
 World review of nutrition and dietetics v. 66: p. 278-291;
 1991.  In the series analytic: Health effects of omega 3
 polyunsaturated fatty acids in seafoods / edited by A.P.
 Simopoulos, R.R. Kifer, Martin, R.E. and S.M. Barlow. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Fish oils; Heart rate; Supplements; Animal
 models; Polyenoic fatty acids; Dietary fat; Muscle
 contraction; Animal experiments; Literature reviews
 
 
 39                                    NAL Call. No.: QH426.T74
 Atherosclerosis in mice: getting to the heart of a polygenic
 disorder. Rubin, E.M.; Smith, D.J.
 Cambridge, U.K. : Elsevier Trends Journals; 1994 Jun.
 Trends in genetics v. 10 (6): p. 199-203; 1994 Jun.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mice; Atherosclerosis; Animal models; Transgenic
 animals; Genetic engineering; Apolipoproteins; High density
 lipoprotein; Literature reviews; Low density lipoprotein;
 Induced mutations
 
 Abstract:  The mouse is being increasingly used as a model
 system for understanding the common and complex polygenic
 condition of atherosclerosis. Mice have been created in which
 genes involved in this condition have been overexpressed or
 have been altered by gene targeting. Here, we concentrate on
 recent experiments that use transgenic and gene knockout mice
 as an in vivo assay system to unravel the interactions between
 various genes involved in atherogenesis. We focus in
 particular on examples in which unique insights into the human
 condition have been derived from studies in mice.
 
 
 40                                  NAL Call. No.: SF910.T8A86
 Atlas of tumor pathology of the Fischer rat..  Fischer rat
 Stinson, Sherman F.,_1946-; Schuller, Hildegard M.; Reznik,
 Gerd Boca Raton, Fla : CRC Press,; 1990.
 546 p. : ill. ; 27 cm.  Includes bibliographical references
 and index.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Tumors in animals; Atlases; Rats as laboratory
 animals; Atlases; Rats; Diseases; Atlases; Tumors; Animal
 models; Atlases
 
 
 41                                    NAL Call. No.: 447.8 Am3
 Atrial natriuretic peptide and glomerular hyperfiltration
 during onset of spontaneous diabetes mellitus.
 Okwueze, M.I.; Opgenorth, T.J.; Von Geldern, T.W.; Vari, R.C.
 Bethesda, Md. : American Physiological Society, 1898-; 1994
 Feb. American journal of physiology v. 266 (2,pt.2): p. R572-
 R577; 1994 Feb. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Diabetes mellitus; Glomerular filtration rate;
 Peptides; Receptors; Antagonists; Hemodynamics; Kidneys; Rats
 
 Abstract:  The mechanisms responsible for the elevation of
 glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in early stages of insulin-
 dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are undefined. The
 objectives of this study were to define the temporal pattern
 of onset of glomerular hyperfiltration in the spontaneously
 diabetes-prone (BB/DP) rat and to evaluate the possible role
 of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) as the primary mediator of
 the observed alterations in renal hemodynamics. GFR was
 significantly higher (1.38 +/- 0.07 ml.min-1.g-1; n = 5) in
 moderately hyperglycemic BB/DP rats (blood glucose > 270
 mg/dl) 14 days after the onset of IDDM compared with age-
 matched diabetes-resistant rats (BB/DR), which averaged 1.03
 +/- 0.07 ml.min-1.g-1 (n = 7). Circulating ANP levels in
 moderately hyperglycemic BB/DP rats 1, 7, and 14 days after
 onset of IDDM were within the normal range, averaging 100 +/-
 21, 57 +/- 12, and 65 +/- 6 pg/ml, respectively, and were not
 significantly different (P > 0.05) from ANP levels in age-
 matched normoglycemic BB/DR rats. To further test the role of
 ANP in glomerular hyperfiltration, an ANP receptor antagonist
 was infused into anesthetized BB/DP rats (n = 10) 14 days
 after onset of IDDM, after baseline measurements of mean
 arterial pressure, renal hemodynamics, and renal fluid and
 electrolyte excretions. ANP receptor antagonism caused a
 significant reduction in mean arterial pressure from 120 +/- 3
 to 103 +/- 2 mmHg; however, there were no significant effects
 of ANP receptor blockade on GFR. These results indicate that
 1) glomerular hyperfiltration occurs within the first 2 wk
 after onset of IDDM in the moderately hyperglycemic BB/DP rat
 and 2) ANP is not the primary mediator of glomerular
 hyperfiltration during the onset of diabetes in this animal
 model of spontaneous IDDM.
 
 
 42                                    NAL Call. No.: 448.8 V81
 Attenuating mutations in the E2 glycoprotein gene of
 Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: construction of single
 and multiple mutants in a full-length cDNA clone.
 Davis, N.L.; Powell, N.; Greenwald, G.F.; Willis, L.V.;
 Johnson, B.J.B.; Smith, J.F.; Johnston, R.E.
 Duluth, Minn. : Academic Press; 1991 Jul.
 Virology v. 183 (1): p. 20-31; 1991 Jul.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus; Mutants;
 Mutations; Clones; Phenotypes; Live vaccines; Attenuation;
 Glycoproteins; Genes; Virulence; Immune response; Pathogenesis
 
 Abstract:  Attenuated mutants of Venezuelan equine
 encephalitis virus (VEE) were isolated by selection for rapid
 penetration of cultured cells (R.E.Johnston and J.F. Smith,
 1988, Virology 162, 437-443). Sequence analysis of these
 mutants identified candidate attenuating mutations at four
 loci in the VEE E2 glycoprotein gene: a double mutation at E2
 codons 3 and 4, and single substitutions at E2 76, 120, and
 209. Each candidate mutation was reproduced in an isogenic
 recombinant VEE strain using site-directed mutagenesis of a
 full-length cDNA clone of VEE. Characterization of these
 molecularly cloned mutant viruses showed that mutation at each
 of the four loci in the E2 gene was sufficient to confer both
 the accelerated penetration and attenuation phenotypes.
 Inoculation of the molecularly cloned viruses into rodent
 models that differ in their response to VEE suggested that
 individual mutations affected different aspects of VEE
 pathogenesis. Full-length clones containing multiple mutations
 were produced by combining independently attenuating
 mutations. Molecularly cloned viruses carrying two or three
 mutations were more attenuated in sensitive animal models than
 viruses which contained any single mutation alone. However,
 these highly attenuated strains still retained the ability to
 induce an immune response sufficient to protect against a high
 dose challenge with virulent VEE. These results indicate that
 production of a molecularly cloned live virus vaccine for VEE
 is feasible.
 
 
 43                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Ad9
 Avian fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome: a comparative review.
 Hansen, R.J. \u University of California, Davis, CA; Walzem,
 R.L. San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1993.
 Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine v. 37:
 p. 451-468; 1993.  In the series analytic: Animal models in
 liver research / edited by Charles E. Cornelius.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Hens; Fatty liver; Fatty liver hemorrhagic
 syndrome; Animal models; Lipid metabolism; Transport;
 Pathogenesis; Man; Cows; Cats; Literature reviews
 
 
 44                                   NAL Call. No.: HV5285.A43
 Behavioral animal models in alcohol abuse research.
 Grant, K.A.
 Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Health and Human
 Services; 1990. Alcohol health and research world - National
 Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism v. 14 (3): p.
 187-192; 1990.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Alcoholism; Drinking behavior; Animal
 experiments; Laboratory animals; Animal models
 
 
 45                                     NAL Call. No.: 500 N21P
 beta-Cell lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of non-insulin-
 dependent diabetes mellitus of obese rates: Impairment in
 adipocyte-beta-cell relationships. Lee, Y.; Hirose, H.;
 Ohneda, M.; Johnson, J.H.; McGarry, J.D.; Unger, R.H.
 Washington, D.C. : National Academy of Sciences,; 1994 Nov08.
 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
 States of America v. 91 (23): p. 10878-10882; 1994 Nov08. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Rats; Diabetes mellitus; Pancreas islets;
 Pathogenesis; Blood lipids; Fatty acids; Hyperglycemia;
 Insulin secretion; Lipid metabolism disorders; Animal models;
 Obesity; Experimental diabetes
 
 Abstract:  Hyperinsulinemia, Ioss of glucose-stimulated
 insulin secretion (GSIS), and peripheral insulin resistance
 coexist in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
 Because free fatty acids (FFA) can induce these same
 abnormalities, we studied their role in the pathogenesis NIDDM
 of obese Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF-drt) rats from 5 weeks of
 age (before the onset of hyperglycemia) until 14 weeks. Two
 weeks prior to hyperglycemia, plasma FFA began to rise
 progressively, averaging 1.9 + 0.06 mM at the onset of
 hyperglycemia (P < 0.001 vs. controls). At this time GSIS was
 absent and beta-cell GLUT-2 glucose transporter was decreased.
 The triacylglycerol content of prediabetic islets rose to 10
 times that of controls and was correlated with plasma FFA (r =
 0.825; P < 0.001), which, in turn. was correlated with the
 plasma glucose concentration (r = 0.873; P < 0.001). Reduction
 of hyperlipacidemia to 1.3 +/- 0.07 mM by pair feeding with
 lean littermates reduced all beta-cell abnormalities and
 prevented hyperglycemia. Normal rat islets that had been
 cultured for 7 days in medium containing 2 mM FFA exhibited
 increased basal insulin secretion at 3 mM glucose, and first-
 phase GSIS was reduced by 68%; in prediabetic islets, first-
 phase GSIS was reduced by 69% by FFA. The results suggest a
 role for hyperlipacidemia in the pathogenesis of NIDDM:
 resistance to insulin-mediated antilipolysis is invoked to
 explain the high FFA despite hyperinsulinemia, and sensitivity
 of beta cells to hyperlipacidemia is invoked to explain the
 FFA-induced loss of GSIS.
 
 
 46                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Ad9
 Biliary atresia in lampreys.
 Youson, J.H. \u University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
 San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1993.
 Advances in veterinary science and comparative medicine v. 37:
 p. 197-255; 1993.  In the series analytic: Animal models in
 liver research / edited by Charles E. Cornelius.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Liver diseases; Atresia; Liver; Lampreys; Bile
 ducts; Life cycle; Animal models; Literature reviews
 
 
 47                         NAL Call. No.: TP248.2.B55126  1993
 Biotechnology and safety assessment.
 Thomas, J. A._1933-; Myers, Laurie A.
 New York : Raven Press,; 1993.
 ix, 270 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.  Includes bibliographical
 references and index.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Biotechnology; Health risk assessment
 
 
 48                                NAL Call. No.: QL55.F43 1987
 Blastomere karyotyping: a direct method for producing mouse
 trisomy 16 less than leads to diploid aggregation chimeras as
 an animal model of human down's syndrome.
 Bacchus, C.; Buselmaier, W.
 Dordrecht : M. Nijhoff; 1988.
 New developments in biosciences : their implications for
 laboratory animal science : proceedings of the Third
 Symposium, Amsterdam, The Nethrlands, 1-5 June 1987 / edited
 by Anton C. Beyneen and Henk A. Solleveld. p. 405-408. ill;
 1988.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mice; Blastomere; Karyotypes; Trisomy; Diploidy;
 Chimeras; Disease models; Down's syndrome
 
 
 49                                     NAL Call. No.: QR360.J6
 Borna disease virus in mice: host-specific differences in
 disease expression. Rubin, S.A.; Waltrip, R.W. II; Bautista,
 J.R.; Carbone, K.M. Washington, D.C. : American Society for
 Microbiology; 1993 Jan. Journal of virology v. 67 (1): p.
 548-552; 1993 Jan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mice; Bo RNAdisease virus; Animal models;
 Experimental infections; Immunopathology; Antibody formation;
 Inflammation; Strain differences; Encephalitis; Abnormal
 behavior
 
 Abstract:  We developed a mouse model of Borna disease to
 facilitate immunopathogenesis research by adaptation of Borna
 disease virus to mice through serial passage in mouse brain
 tissue. Borna disease virus replication, antibody production,
 inflammation, and Borna disease expression in several
 different strains of mice were examined.
 
 
 50                                     NAL Call. No.: QR360.J6
 Bovine leukemia virus, an animal model for the study of
 intrastrain variability.
 Willems, L.; Thienpont, E.; Kerkhofs, P.; Burny, A.;
 Mammerickx, M.; Kettmann, R.
 Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology; 1993
 Feb. Journal of virology v. 67 (2): p. 1086-1089; 1993 Feb. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Sheep; Bovine oncovirus; Genetic variation;
 Structural genes; Viral proteins; Repetitive  DNA; Nucleotide
 sequences; Strain differences; Mutations
 
 Abstract:  Intradermal injection of a cloned bovine leukemia
 virus (BLV) provirus (pV344) into sheep allowed direct
 evaluation of intrastrain variability. A sheep was injected
 with pV344 DNA mixed with DEAE-dextran and became persistently
 infected with BLV strain 344. After 18 months, DNA was
 extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes from a single 0.5-
 ml blood sample. The long terminal repeat (LTR) and the env
 gene were amplified by using the polymerase chain reaction,
 cloned, and sequenced. Nineteen independent LTR clones (0.6-kb
 inserts) and 16 env clones (1-kb inserts) were analyzed. The
 in vivo rate of nucleotide change was 0.009%/year (two
 mutations out of 14,464 bp in 1.5 years), corresponding to
 only one amino acid change in the env gene. Five point
 mutations (all transitions), corresponding to a modification
 rate of 0.034%/year (five mutations out of 9,709 bp in 1.5
 years), were identified in the LTR. As a control for Taq DNA
 polymerase errors, the same procedure using pV344 plasmid DNA
 was carried out. Out of 9,944 bp sequenced, three point
 mutations were found (i.e., one misincorporation in 3,315
 nucleotides). These data demonstrate the extremely low level
 (or absence) of intrastrain variability of BLV in vivo.
 Consequently, BLV persistence in the infected host does not
 seem to result from an escape mutant strategy, in sharp
 contrast with the high mutation rates observed in the
 lentivirus family. The lack of genetic variation supports the
 possibility of successful vaccine against BLV and probably
 against the related human T-cell leukemia viruses.
 
 
 51                                    NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66
 Bovine leukemia virus. III. Zoonotic potential, molecular
 epidemiology, and an animal model.
 Johnson, R.
 Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company, Inc; 1991
 Oct. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing
 veterinarian v. 13 (10): p. 1631-1640; 1991 Oct.  Literature
 review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Bovine oncovirus; Zoonoses; Risk;
 Molecular biology; Epidemiology; Disease models; Animal
 models; Human diseases; Leukemia; Literature reviews
 
 
 52                                  NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1P72
 Brain iron: location and function.
 Beard, J.L.; Connor, J.D.; Jones, B.C.
 Tarrytown, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1993 Jul.
 Progress in food & nutrition science v. 17 (3): p. 183-221;
 1993 Jul. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Iron; Brain; Nutrition physiology; Mental
 ability; Mineral deficiencies; Tissues; Mineral content; Blood
 picture; Central nervous system; Animal models; Ferritin;
 Transferrin; Multiple sclerosis; Alzheimer's disease;
 Parkinson's disease; Neurotransmitters; Human behavior;
 Neuroleptics; Literature reviews
 
 Abstract:  This review has a focus on the distribution and
 function of iron in human brain and appropriate animal models.
 Data are presented on the consequences of abnormalities of
 iron status with regard to neural development,
 neurotransmitter metabolism, and cognition.
 
 
 53                                   NAL Call. No.: RC628.O294
 BSB: a new mouse model of multigenic obesity.
 Fisler, J.S. \u University of California, Los Angeles, CA;
 Warden, C.H.; Pace, M.J.; Lusis, A.J.
 Baton Rouge, LA : North American Association for the Study of
 Obesity, c1993-; 1993 Jul.
 Obesity research v. 1 (4): p. 271-280; 1993 Jul.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Obesity; Multiple genes; Phenotypes; Genetic
 models; Animal models; Mice
 
 
 54                                      NAL Call. No.: QR1.I57
 BvgAS-mediated signal transduction: analysis of phase-locked
 regulatory mutants of Bordetella bronchiseptica in a rabbit
 model.
 Cotter, P.A.; Miller, J.F.
 Washington, D.C., American Society for Microbiology; 1994 Aug.
 Infection and immunity v. 62 (8): p. 3381-3390; 1994 Aug. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Bordetella bronchiseptica; Mutants; Phenotypes;
 Animal models; Bacterial proteins; Transduction; Strain
 differences; Virulence; Colonizing ability
 
 Abstract:  Members of the Bordetella genus alternate between
 two distinct phenotypic phases in response to changes in their
 environment. This switch, termed phenotypic modulation, is
 mediated by the BvgAS sensory transduction system. We
 developed an animal model based on the interaction of
 Bordetella bronchiseptica with one of its natural hosts, the
 rabbit. To investigate the importance of BvgAS signal
 transduction, we constructed constitutive (RB53) and Bvg-
 (RB54) phase-locked derivatives of a wild-type strain, RB50.
 RB50 and RB53, but not RB54, established respiratory
 infections in B. bronchiseptica-free rabbits with an
 intranasal 50% infective dose of less than 200 organisms, and
 the course of the infection closely resembled that observed
 with naturally infected rabbits. Bacteria were recovered from
 the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, and lungs in similar
 numbers from RB50- and RB53-infected rabbits, yet no pathology
 was detected by histological examination of lung and tracheal
 sections. The antibody responses in rabbits inoculated with 50
 or RB53 were quantitatively and qualitatively
 indistinguishable, high titers of antibodies were generated
 primarily against Bvg+ -phase-specific antigens. No response
 against flagella, a Bvg- phase factor, was detected.
 Assessment of bacteria associated with alveolar macrophages
 indicated that only a small percentage of bacteria, if any,
 appear to be residing within lung macrophages. We also tested
 the ability of these strains to survive in a nutrient poor
 environment, conditions which may be encountered within
 certain niches in the host or in an environmental reservoir.
 The Bvg- phase was advantageous for growth under these
 conditions. Our results indicate the Bvg+ phase is sufficient
 for establishment of respiratory tract infection in the rabbit
 and the normal BvgAS-mediated response to environmental
 signals is not required during initial colonization. The Bvg-
 phase may play a role at later stages of infection, including
 persistence, transmission, or survival in the environment.
 
 
 55                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
 Canine models of bone marrow transplantation.
 Ladiges, W.C.; Storb, R.; Thomas, E.D.
 Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal
 Science; 1990 Jan. Laboratory animal science v. 40 (1): p.
 11-15; 1990 Jan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Dogs; Bone marrow transplant; Models; Human
 diseases
 
 Abstract:  Progress in experimental bone marrow
 transplantation in dogs has provided for the direct transfer
 of research data to the clinical setting and the therapeutic
 application of marrow grafting to a variety of human diseases.
 Animal models of total body irradiation, engraftment and
 graft-versus-host disease are still needed to solve the
 existing clinical problems of marrow transplantation.
 Therefore, work in various canine model systems continues to
 be of interest. Pet dogs with spontaneously occurring
 lymphomas are used to study the clinical parameters necessary
 for applying the technique of transplanting their own marrow
 (autologous), in conjunction with high dose radiation and/or
 chemotherapy, to human patients with cancer. A major
 consideration in the successful transplantation of donor bone
 marrow (allogeneic) is overcoming histocompatibility barriers
 to assure engraftment and the prevention of graft-versus-host
 disease, a major limiting aspect of clinical marrow
 transplantation. Chemicals, radiation, radiotherapeutic
 techniques, antisera and monoclonal antibodies have been and
 continue to be developed in laboratory bred dogs. These
 approaches suppress the immune system either nonspecifically
 by ablation of immune reactive tissue, or specifically by
 affecting certain types of immune reactive cells. Parameters
 such as clinical effectiveness (engraftment or prevention of
 graft-versus-host disease), immune reconstitution and
 undesirable side affects in long-term survivors are all used
 to determine whether new technology can be transferred from
 preclinical canine studies to human bone marrow
 transplantation protocols.
 
 
 56                                     NAL Call. No.: 500 N21P
 Canine X chromosome-linked hereditary nephritis: a genetic
 model for human X-linked hereditary nephritis resulting from a
 single base mutation in the gene encoding the alpha-5 chain of
 collagen type IV.
 Zheng, K.; Thorner, P.S.; Marrano, P.; Baumal, R.; McInnes,
 R.R. Washington, D.C. : National Academy of Sciences,; 1994
 Apr26. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
 United States of America v. 91 (9): p. 3989-3993; 1994 Apr26. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Dogs; Hereditary diseases; Nephritis; Structural
 genes; Collagen; Mutations; Nucleotide sequences; Exons; Sex
 linkage; X chromosome; Animal models; Kidneys; Amino acid
 sequences
 
 Abstract:  Many families with X-chromosome linked hereditary
 nephritis (HN) have mutations in the gene on the X chromosome
 that codes for the alpha5 chain of collagen type IV. Canine X-
 linked HN is an animal model for human X-linked HN. To study
 the alpha5(IV) gene in this model, we used the nucleotide
 sequence published for the human alpha5(IV) cDNA to construct
 sets of primers covering approximately equal 95% of the
 complete cDNA. cDNA from both affected and normal dog kidneys
 was amplified by PCR in nine overlapping regions. The
 nucleotide sequence encoding the noncollagenous domain NC1
 hybridized to the human X chromosome and was 93% identical at
 the DNA level and 97% identical at the protein level to the
 human alpha 5(IV) NC1 domain, confirming that the canine alpha
 5(IV) cDNA had been amplified. Sequence analysis of the alpha
 5(IV) cDNA detected a single nucleotide substitution, G leads
 to T, in affected dogs, changing a codon for a conserved
 glycine residue (GGA) to a stop codon (TGA). When genomic DNA
 was amplified, the same abnormality was found in exon 35.
 Using the canine NC1 domain cDNA as a probe for Northern
 analysis, two transcripts of approximately equal to 8.6 kb and
 approximately equal to 6.7 kb were identified in both normal
 and affected male dog kidney RNA. However, the abundance of
 both transcripts was decreased by a factor of approximately
 equal 10 in the affected dog. These results establish at the
 molecular level that canine X-linked HN is a model for human
 X-linked HN. This model provides an opportunity to determine
 the efficacy of new therapies and to investigate the role of
 the alpha5(IV) chain in type IV collagen assembly.
 
 
 57                                    NAL Call. No.: 442.8 L62
 Cardiovascular abnormalities associated with human and rodent
 obesity. Paulson, D.J.; Tahiliani, A.G.
 Tarrytown, N.Y. : Pergamon Press Inc; 1992.
 Life sciences v. 51 (20): p. 1557-1569; 1992.  Literature
 review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Obesity; Diet; Weight reduction; Cardiovascular
 diseases; Heart; Animal models; Rats; Man; Literature reviews
 
 Abstract:  Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular
 disease. However, a direct link between these two states is
 difficult to establish, since obesity frequently occurs with
 other disease states such as diabetes, hypertension and
 atherosclerosis. Clinical studies have clearly shown that
 uncorrected obesity is associated with cardiac hypertrophy and
 compromised ventricular function. A number of rodent models of
 obesity have been studied in terms of cardiovascular
 adaptations. Cardiac function of the obese Zucker rat appears
 to be normal at a younger age. Only after several months is
 depression in cardiac function discernable. These animals are
 mildly hypertensive, but do not exhibit the characteristic
 increase in cardiac output associated with human obesity. A
 unique characteristic of JCR:LA-cp rat is that they develop
 atherosclerotic and myocardial lesions. Hearts from these
 animals will maintain normal function when perfused with
 physiological levels of calcium. At higher calcium
 concentrations, however, mechanical function becomes impaired.
 Dietary-induced obese rats exhibit many of the hemodynamic
 alterations associated with human obesity, but there is no
 evidence to-date that these animals will develop severe
 cardiac depression. Short-term weight reduction apparently has
 beneficial cardiovascular effects, but weight cycling may be
 harmful. Given the widespread occurrence of obesity, further
 studies are warranted to characterize the cardiac
 manifestations of this condition.
 
 
 58                                       NAL Call. No.: QP1.C6
 Carnitine prolongs the half-life of ethanol in broilers.
 Smith, M.O.; Cha, Y.S.; Sachan, D.S.
 Oxford : Pergamon Press Ltd; 1994 Sep.
 Comparative biochemistry and physiology. A: Comparative
 physiology v. 109A (1): p. 177-180; 1994 Sep.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ethanol; Metabolism; Carnitine; Supplements;
 Broilers; Animal models
 
 Abstract:  The object was to determine if carnitine attenuated
 ethanol metabolism in broilers similar to that reported in the
 rats. Two groups (n = 5) of 5-week-old broilers were given for
 10 days the feed with or without 0.5% L-carnitine supplement.
 A single oral dose of ethanol on day 8 was followed by serial
 blood samples which were analysed for ethanol. Another dose of
 ethanol was given on day 10 and 2 hr later, plasma and liver
 were collected and analysed for ethanol, total lipid,
 triglycerides and carnitine. The carnitine supplemented diet
 prolonged the half-life of ethanol due to attenuation of
 ethanol metabolism which is similar to that reported earlier
 in rodents. The increases in plasma and hepatic acylcarnitines
 indicate that supplementary carnitine lessens the load of free
 acyl groups in the liver by eventual oxidation or excretion.
 
 
 59                                    NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J82
 The carnitine-deprived newborn rabbit: a potential model to
 study carnitine deficiency.
 Penn, D.; Schmidt-Sommerfeld, E.
 Bethesda, Md. : American Institute of Nutrition; 1988 Dec. The
 Journal of nutrition v. 118 (12): p. 1535-1539; 1988 Dec. 
 Includes 34 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Nutrient deficiencies; Carnitine; Neonates;
 Rabbits
 
 Abstract:  This report describes the novel development of an
 animal model for neonatal carnitine deficiency using the
 artificially fed newborn rabbit. Each litter was separated
 from the mother following the first colostrum feeding and
 divided into 2 groups, one of which was fed a purified rabbit
 formula that was essentially free of carnitine; the other
 received the same formula supplemented with L-carnitine (100
 mg/l). At 9-13 d of age, rabbit pups receiving the carnitine-
 free formula had lower concentrations of total, free and
 acylcarnitine in plasma and urine, as well as lower total acid
 soluble carnitine concentrations in liver, muscle, heart and
 brown adipose tissue than those receiving the same formula
 supplemented with L-carnitine. Their plasma and tissue levels
 were also lower, but their urinary carnitine concentrations
 were higher than those in naturally-raised pups. The findings
 suggest that the described animal model may prove to be a
 useful tool for the investigation of certain aspects of
 neonatal carnitine deficiency.
 
 
 60                                    NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J82
 Carotenoids and cancer in animal models.
 Krinsky, N.I.
 Bethesda, Md. : American Institute of Nutrition; 1989 Jan. The
 Journal of nutrition v. 119 (1): p. 123-126; 1989 Jan. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Diet; Carotenoids; Carcinoma; Disease prevention
 
 Abstract:  As evidence accumulated from epidemiological
 studies that beta-carotene acts as a chemopreventive agent
 with respect to inhibiting the appearance of certain types of
 tumors in humans, attention focused on animal models as a
 means of extending our understanding of carotenoid function.
 Unfortunately, most animals used in research are "white fat"
 animals, and require large amounts of carotenoids in their
 diets to obtain significant blood and tissue levels. Even with
 these limitations, beta-carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid,
 as well as canthaxanthin, a nonprovitamin A carotenoid, have
 been shown to protect animals against UV-induced skin tumors,
 UV and carcinogen-induced tumors, and carcinogen treatment
 alone. Similar observations have been made in cell and organ
 cultures where carotenoids have been shown to prevent
 malignant transformation and nuclear damage. Although the
 mechanism of this protection is still unclear, the evidence
 continues to accumulate that carotenoids may possess intrinsic
 chemopreventive action with respect to tumor formation.
 
 
 61                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
 Cataracts in a laboratory colony of ferrets.
 Miller, P.E.; Marlar, A.B.; Dubielzig, R.R.
 Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal
 Science; 1993 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (6): p.
 562-568; 1993 Dec.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ferrets; Cataract; Disease prevalence;
 Histopathology; Animal models; Disease models
 
 Abstract:  Cataracts were found by use of slit-lamp
 biomicroscopy in two genetically unrelated ferret populations
 (A and B). When they were initially examined at the age of 11
 to 12 months, 34 of 73 ferrets (46.6%) in population A had
 lens opacities, which could be categorized into one of three
 groups. Group-1 ferrets (n = 25) manifested a continuum of
 lens changes ranging from fine, multifocal, punctate
 opacification of the superficial posterior lens cortex (n =
 3), to changes in both the anterior and posterior cortex (n =
 13), to immature (n = 1), or mature/hypermature cataracts (n =
 8). Group-2 ferrets (n = 7) had bilateral microphthalmia and
 cataracts. Group-3 ferrets (n = 2) had minor lens changes
 involving the nucleus or cortex that were not typical of
 either group 1 or 2. By the age of 18 months, 41 of the
 remaining 42 animals in population A had developed fine,
 multifocal, punctate opacities of the posterior cortex. In
 group-1 animals, histologic changes in the lens ranged from
 several 80 X 40-micrometers, punctate, spheroidal lesions in
 the posterior cortex, to posterior migration of the lens
 epithelium, Morganian granules, and a complete
 mature/hypermature cataract. One group-2 ferret had
 microphthalmia, filling of the lens capsule with a cell-poor,
 periodic acid-Schiff stain-positive membranous material, and
 retinal detachment. Population B consisted of 15 adult and 47
 6-month-old juvenile ferrets. Eleven adults had multifocal,
 fine, punctate, posterior cortical opacities, and one adult
 had a nuclear cataract. Ten juveniles had nuclear cataracts
 (often in a multifocal punctate pattern); two had fine,
 multifocal, punctate, posterior cortical opacities; one had
 multifocal nuclear and posterior cortical opacities; and three
 had multifocal nuclear opacities that also involved both the
 anterior and posterior cortices. The ferret may be a
 potentially useful new animal model for studying mechanisms of
 cataractogenesis and microphthalmia. Caution should be used
 when interpreting the ocular toxicity of test compounds in
 this species.
 
 
 62                                  NAL Call. No.: QR188.3.C45
 Cellular aspects of autoimmunity.
 Cruse, Julius M.,_1937-; Lewis, R. E.
 Basel ; New York : Karger,; 1988.
 200 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. (Concepts in immunopathology ; vol. 6). 
 Includes bibliographies and index.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Autoimmunity; Autoimmune diseases; Animal models;
 Cellular immunity
 
 
 63                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
 Changes in platelet-activating factor, catecholamine, and
 serotonin concentrations in brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and
 plasma of pichinde virus-infected guinea pigs.
 Guo, Z.M.; Qian, C.G.; Peters, C.J.; Liu, C.T.
 Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal
 Science; 1993 Dec. Laboratory animal science v. 43 (6): p.
 569-574; 1993 Dec.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Pichinde virus; Animal models; Epinephrine;
 Norepinephrine; Immunological factors; Serotonin; Brain;
 Cerebrospinal fluid; Blood plasma; Physiopathology; Guinea
 pigs
 
 Abstract:  Brain concentrations of platelet-activating factor
 (PAF), catecholamines, and serotonin were measured in control
 and Pichinde virus-infected strain 13 guinea pigs on
 postinoculation day (PID) 12. After virus inoculation, PAF
 concentrations increased 81% in cerebrum, 147% in
 diencephalon-brain stem, and 110% in cerebellum from baseline
 values of 2.6 +/- 0.3, 4.3 +/- 0.2, and 6.1 +/- 0.5 (ng/g wet
 tissue), respectively. Dopamine concentrations in the infected
 cerebrum and diencephalon-brain stem increased significantly,
 whereas norepinephrine concentration increased only in
 cerebrum. However, serotonin concentrations in all three
 regions of infected brain decreased significantly as compared
 with control values. There were no significant changes in
 epinephrine concentrations of infected brain. Norepinephrine
 and epinephrine concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal
 fluid on PID 7 and 12 increased significantly as compared with
 control values, while plasma dopamine concentration increased
 significantly on PID 7. Increased brain PAF, dopamine, and
 norepinephrine concentrations with decreased brain serotonin
 concentrations may mediate the hyperactivity of the
 hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and involve some unknown
 pathophysiologic processes of arenaviral infection.
 Furthermore, increased plasma catecholamine concentrations are
 associated with stress and may be partially responsible for
 the development of cardiovascular dysfunction and pulmonary
 edema during this viral disease.
 
 
 64                                   NAL Call. No.: 47.8 Am33P
 Changes in the frequency and size of smooth muscle tumors in
 Japanese quail lines differing in body weight.
 Nestor, K.E.; Bacon, W.L.
 Champaign, IL : Poultry Science Association, 1921-; 1994 Jul.
 Poultry science v. 73 (7): p. 947-952; 1994 Jul.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Japanese quails; Smooth muscle; Neoplasms;
 Weight; Incidence; Line differences; Body weight; Laying
 performance; Selection responses; Oviducts; Ligaments
 
 Abstract:  The purpose of this investigation was to study the
 incidence and size of smooth muscle tumors in several Japanese
 quail lines and to report recent correlated changes in mature
 BW and egg production. Laying females from lines selected
 solely (HW) or partly (HW-HP; HW-LP) for increased 4-wk BW or
 for decreased 4-wk BW (LW) and from the corresponding
 randombred control (R1) were used. Lines HW-HP and HW-LP were
 sublines of Line HW in which males were selected for increased
 4-wk BW and females were selected for high or low level of
 total plasma phosphorus, respectively. Laying hens were
 examined for the presence of smooth muscle tumors after about
 170 d of egg production (240 d of age). During Generations 19
 through 26, mature BW was increasing in the HW line and
 decreasing in the LW line. Selection for either increased or
 decreased 4-wk BW resulted in decreased egg production, but
 the only significant change with generations was a decrease of
 2.7 eggs per hen for a 120-d laying period in the LW line.
 Frequency and weight of the smooth muscle tumors were greater
 for females from the large-bodied lines than females from Line
 R1. No tumors were detected in LW females. Based on the linear
 regression of response on generations, tumor frequency was
 increasing in Line HW-LP but tumor weight was decreasing in
 this line. Tumor weight was increasing in the HW line. No
 other changes in tumor frequency or size were noted across
 generations. Weight of the tumors was not correlated with egg
 production. The presence of tumors did not seem to affect
 mortality during the laying period. The Japanese quail lines
 may serve as a useful animal model for the study of smooth
 muscle tumors in humans, chickens, and turkeys.
 
 
 65                                    NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6
 The changing role of animal models in human nutrition
 research. West, C.E.; Beynen, A.C.
 Basel : Karger; 1988.
 Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 1-13; 1988.  In the
 series analytic: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human
 Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and C.E. West.  Literature
 review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Laboratory animals; Animal models; Nutrition
 physiology; Human nutrition research; Vitamins; Nutrient
 requirements; Species differences; Literature reviews
 
 
 66                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
 Characteristics of mutant mice (ICGN) with spontaneous renal
 lesions: a new model for human nephrotic syndrome.
 Ogura, A.; Asano, T.; Matsuda, J.; Takano, K; Nakagwa, M.;
 Fukui, M. London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1989
 Apr.
 Laboratory animals v. 23 (2): p. 169-174. ill; 1989 Apr. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mice; Mutants; Disease models; Nephrotic
 syndrome; Glomerulonephritis; Histopathology
 
 Abstract:  Spontaneous nephrotic mice (ICGN mice), a new
 mutant strain of mouse from outbred ICR, were clinically,
 macroscopically, histologically and immunohistochemically
 studies to establish their value as a model for human
 nephrotic syndrome. Most of the affected mice developed
 proteinuria, hypoproteinaemia and hypercholesterolaemia, and
 some of them developed systemic oedema. A high concentration
 of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and a low haematocrit value were
 also observed. The kidneys of severe cases showed a decrease
 in size and had a yellowish granular surface. These findings
 indicated that the mice were terminally affected by chronic of
 renal insufficiency. Histopathology demonstrated glomerular
 lesions consisting of thickened basement membranes of the
 capillary loops with irregular spike-like protrusions and
 enlargement of the mesangium unaccompanied by cellular
 proliferation. The immunofluorescence technique revealed
 positive granular staining for IgA, IgG and IgM and to a
 lesser extent for C3 along the capillary loops in affected
 mice. The similarity between this spontaneous disease and
 human nephrotic syndrome caused by idiopathic glomerular
 lesions is discussed. ICGN mice may be a useful animal model
 for this human disease.
 
 
 67                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
 Characterization of acute and latent herpes simplex virus
 infection of dorsal root ganglia in rats.
 Blondeau, J.M.; Aoki, F.Y.; Glavin, G.B.; Nagy, J.I.
 London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1991 Apr.
 Laboratory animals v. 25 (2): p. 97-105; 1991 Apr.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Rats; Herpes simplex virus; Ganglia; Acute
 infections; Latent infections; Animal models; Experimental
 infections; Subcutaneous injection; Feet
 
 Abstract:  The characteristics of HSV type-1 infection
 following subcutaneous inoculation in the dorsum of one hind
 paw of Sprague-Dawley rats were studied to determine whether
 infection in rats might more closely parallel the infection in
 man than is seen in other animals. The serologic and virologic
 characteristics of acute and latent ganglion infection
 conformed to those of human infection. Immunohistochemical
 studies suggested that sensory ganglion infection arose via
 centripetal axonal migration of virus as is hypothesized in
 man. In rat, small type B neuronal cell bodies appeared
 central to the maintenance of latent infection and
 reactivation observed during cocultivation of lumbar ganglia.
 Acute and latent lumbar sensory ganglion infection in rats
 after subcutaneous hind paw injection of HSV-1 appears to be
 another suitable model of this infection in man.
 
 
 68                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 J82
 Chediak-Higashi syndrome in rats: light and electron
 microscopical characterization of abnormal granules in beige
 rats.
 Ozaki, K.; Maeda, H.; Nishikawa, T.; Nishimura, M.; Narama, I.
 London : Academic Press; 1994 May.
 Journal of comparative pathology v. 110 (4): p. 369-379; 1994
 May.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Chediak-higashi syndrome; Histopathology; Cell
 ultrastructure; Granules; Rats; Animal models
 
 
 69                                    NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1L3
 Chest roentgenographic techniques for demonstrating human lung
 tumour xenografts in nude rats.
 Zeligman, B.E.; Howard, R.B.; Marcell, T.; Chu, H.; Rossi,
 R.P.; Mulvin, D.; Johnston, M.R.
 London : Royal Society of Medicine Services; 1992 Apr.
 Laboratory animals v. 26 (2): p. 100-106; 1992 Apr.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Rats; Animal models; Disease models; Neoplasms;
 Lungs; Radiography; Monitoring
 
 Abstract:  Roentgenographic techniques were investigated for
 imaging orthotopic tung tumours in anaesthetized nude rats
 endobronchially implanted with human lung cancer cells. A
 conventional radiographic unit with a dual-screen, double-
 emulsion film mammographic receptor produced images preferable
 to those from a mammographic unit because of superior
 resolution. Typical exposure factors were 300 mA, 29 kVp, and
 17 ms at a focus-film distance of 76 cm with a 2.11 by 2.41 mm
 effective focal spot and inherent filtration of 1.2 mm
 aluminium. Sensitivity for tumour detection was 0.93 for 59
 animals with pathologically proved tumours and 0.96 for 54
 animals with tumours larger than 4 mm or 50 mg. For 24
 pathologically tumour-free animals, specificity was 1-00. For
 55 animals radiographically judged to have tumours, positive
 predictive value was 1.00. For all 83 animals, accuracy was
 0.95. This technique effectively demonstrates orthotopic human
 lung tumours in nude rats and should be useful for noninvasive
 monitoring of tumour presence, location, size, and changes in
 size.
 
 
 70                                     NAL Call. No.: 47.8 B77
 Chicken neoplasia--a model for cancer research.
 Calnek, B.W.
 Oxfordshire : Carfax Publishing Company; 1992 Mar.
 British poultry science v. 33 (1): p. 3-16; 1992 Mar. 
 Literature review. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Fowls; Neoplasms; Animal models
 
 
 71                                    NAL Call. No.: RA1190.A7
 Chlorpyrifos-induced delayed polyneuropathy.
 Capodicasa, E.; Scapellato, M.L.; Moretto, A.; Caroldi, S.;
 Lotti, M. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer; 1991.
 Archives of toxicology v. 65 (2): p. 150-155; 1991.  Paper
 presented at the International Symposium on "Biochemical and
 Cellular Indices of Toxicity in Occupational and Environmental
 Medicine," June 1986, Milan, Italy, at a meeting held March
 1986, New Orleans, LA, and at a meeting held Aug/Sept 1989,
 Praglia, Italy.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Chlorpyrifos; Nervous system diseases;
 Neurotoxins; Acetylcholinesterase; Esterases;
 Pharmacokinetics; Brain; Man; Fowls; Hens
 
 Abstract:  Chlorpyrifos [0,0-diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-
 pyridyl) phosphorothioate] caused delayed polyneuropathy in
 man. Contrary to previous studies, we report here that it also
 causes delayed polyneuropathy in the hen, the animal model for
 this toxicity. The minimal neuropathic dose was 60-90 mg/kg
 p.o., corresponding to 4-6 times the estimated LD50.
 Consequently, pralidoxime (2-PAM) in conjunction with atropine
 was necessary to reverse acetylcholinesterase AChE) inhibition
 and cholinergic toxicity in hens given high enough doses of
 chlorpyrifos to cause neuropathy. Chlorpyrifos was slowly
 absorbed after single oral doses and the threshold of
 inhibition (>70%) of neuropathy target esterase (NTE), the
 putative target for delayed neuropathy, was reached within 5-6
 days. High AChE inhibition (>90%), however, was measured
 within hours after dosing because of the higher potency of
 chlorpyrifos to inhibit this enzyme. In vitro studies showed
 that chlorpyrifos-oxon, the active metabolite of chlorpyrifos,
 was 10-20 times more active against AChE than against NTE,
 confirming the clinical observation. No differences were seen
 between human and hen enzymes in this respect. Hen and human
 brain homogenates contain A-esterases which hydrolysed
 chlorpyrifos to about the same extent in both species. In
 conclusion, chlorpyrifos causes delayed polyneuropathy in the
 hen, as was reported in man. The reasons for previous negative
 data in the hen are probably due to the relatively lower doses
 which were used. Judging from in vitro studies with hen and
 human enzymes, there are no differences in the two species as
 far as their relative sensitivity to delayed polyneuropathy.
 It is likely that delayed polyneuropathy would develop in both
 species only after severe cholinergic toxicity requiring
 aggressive antidotal treatment.
 
 
 72                                   NAL Call. No.: 389.8 B773
 The cholesterol-raising effect of coffee in the Syrian
 hamster. Sanders, T.A.B.; Sandaradura, S.
 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Sep.
 The British journal of nutrition v. 68 (2): p. 431-434; 1992
 Sep.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Diet; Coffee; Blood plasma; Cholesterol; Hamsters
 
 Abstract:  Adult male Syrian hamsters were fed on a high-fat
 diet with or without access to boiled coffee. Plasma total,
 low-density-lipoprotein- and high-density-lipoprotein-
 cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were increased
 by the coffee and very-low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol
 concentrations were lowered. It is concluded that the Syrian
 hamster is a suitable animal model in which to study the
 hypercholesterolaemic effect of coffee.
 
 
 73                                    NAL Call. No.: QH301.N32
 Chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, and folate deficiency.
 Halsted, C.H.
 New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991.
 NATO ASI series : Series A : Life sciences v. 206: p. 237-251;
 1991.  In the series analytic: Alcoholism a molecular
 perspective / edited by T.N. Palmer. Literature review. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Alcoholism; Chronic course; Deficiency diseases;
 Folic acid; Malabsorption; Malnutrition; Metabolism;
 Physiopathology; Veterans; Animal models; Literature reviews
 
 
 74                                     NAL Call. No.: SF601.A5
 Clinical evaluation of cyclosporine in animal models with
 cutaneous immune-mediated disease and epitheliotropic
 lymphoma.
 Rosenkrantz, W.S.; Griffin, C.E.; Barr, R.J.
 Golden, Colo. : The Association; 1989 Jul.
 The Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association v. 25
 (4): p. 377-384. ill; 1989 Jul.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Dogs; Cat; Epithelium; Lymphoma; Treatment;
 Immunological diseases; Drug therapy; Immunosuppressive agents
 
 
 75                                  NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1A63
 Cobalamin deficiency and the pathogenesis of nervous system
 disease. Metz, J.
 Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews, Inc; 1992.
 Annual review of nutrition v. 12: p. 59-79. ill; 1992. 
 Literature review. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Vitamin b12; Vitamin deficiencies; Demyelination;
 Animal models; Nitrous oxide; Biochemistry; Methylation;
 Toxicity; Literature reviews
 
 
 76                                   NAL Call. No.: RA421.P684
 Colon cancer: dietary modifications required for a balanced
 protective diet. McIntosh, G.H.
 Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1993 Sep.
 Preventive medicine v. 22 (5): p. 767-774; 1993 Sep.  Paper
 presented at the Fourth International Conference on Prevention
 of Human Cancer: Nutrition and Chemoprevention Controversies,
 June 3-6, 1992, Tucson, Arizona.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Carcinoma; Colon; Disease prevention; Diet;
 Animal models; Fiber; Dietary protein; Dietary fat; Vitamin e;
 Calcium; Nutrient nutrient interactions; Animal fat; Animal
 protein; Rats
 
 Abstract:  Background. There is increasing support of the view
 that our diet is too calorie dense, with its high animal fat,
 sugar, and alcohol content. Food processing has helped to
 create this situation as well as the desire to eat sugar- and
 fat-rich foods. By examining the influence of these dietary
 effects on colon cancer, experimental animal studies can help
 dissect the influences not readily assessable by
 epidemiological means. Methods. The Sprague Dawley rat model
 of colon cancer induced by dimethylhydrazine provides a means
 of assessing dietary influences with the use of a semipurified
 diet and varying a single factor at a time. We have examined
 the influence of Ca vitamin E, protein type, and cereal
 dietary fiber sources on tumor burden and incidence in rats on
 a standardized experimental protocol. Results. A significant
 interactive effect has been seen with high Ca and low vitamin
 E intake in protecting rats from tumors. When comparing
 differing protein sources, whey protein concentrate was found
 to be very protective relative to red meat and other protein
 sources. Spent barley grain was also shown to be very
 protective relative to wheat bran and commercial barley bran.
 Conclusions. There are several potentially useful strategies
 for protection from colon cancer by varying diet composition.
 Protein sources such as whey protein concentrate, insoluble
 dietary fiber from barley grain, and high calcium intake seem
 to be very promising. These need further detailed examination
 as to whether they can combine to reduce risk further and to
 understand better the mechanisms responsible for protection.
 They may provide greater potential than attempts to lower the
 fat in the human diet.
 
 
 77                                    NAL Call. No.: QR180.C62
 Comparative features of retroviral infections of livestock.
 Evermann, J.F.
 Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1990.
 Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases
 v. 13 (3): p. 127-136; 1990.  Literature review.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Livestock; Man; Lentivirinae; Oncovirinae;
 Disease transmission; Spread; Pathogenesis; Host specificity;
 Viral diseases; Disease models; Literature reviews; Animal
 models
 
 Abstract:  Retrovial infections of livestock have become of
 increasing importance due to their usefulness as comparative
 models for human retroviral infections and their effects upon
 animal health and marketability of animals and animal products
 nationally and internationally. This paper presents a
 perspective on the retroviruses of economic concern in
 veterinary medicine with emphasis on the importance of
 understanding the modes of virus transmission and the species
 specificity of the viruses. The retroviruses reviewed include
 the oncovirus, bovine leukosis virus, and the lentiviruses,
 equine infectious anemia virus; maedi/visna virus, caprine
 arthritis-encephalitis virus and bovine visna-like virus. The
 comparative features amongst these animal retroviruses and
 those of humans must be recognized by the veterinary and
 medical professions since the similarities in virus
 replication and spread by blood transfer can provide important
 clues in controlling and perhaps preventing human retroviruses
 infections, such as the human immunodeficiency virus.
 
 
 78                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
 Comparative virulence of Haemophilus parasuis serovars 1 to 7
 in guinea pigs. Rapp-Gabrielson, V.J.; Gabrielson, D.A.;
 Schamber, G.J.
 Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association;
 1992 Jun. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (6):
 p. 987-994; 1992 Jun. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Haemophilus; Virulence; Serotypes; Strain
 differences; Guinea pigs; Intraperitoneal injection;
 Application methods; Morbidity; Mortality; Disease models
 
 Abstract:  Reference strains for Haemophilus parasuis serovars
 1 to 7 were examined for virulence by inoculation of guinea
 pigs. Guinea pig response to intraperitoneal inoculation was
 similar for the 7 reference strains. However, apparent
 differences in virulence were detected after intratracheal
 inoculation. Cells of the reference strains for serovars 1 and
 5 were most invasive, causing moribundity or death at higher
 doses and a persistent septicemia at lower doses. Haemophilus
 parasuis could be isolated from respiratory and systemic
 sites; purulent bronchopneumonia, pericarditis, and pleuritis
 were apparent in infected guinea pigs. Inoculation of cells of
 the reference strains for serovars 2 and 6 also resulted in
 bronchopneumonia and moribundity or death in some guinea pigs;
 however, reisolation of H parasuis and microscopic lesions at
 necropsy were less pronounced than those observed with
 serovars 1 and 5. Inoculation of cells of serovars 3, 4, and 7
 induced only transient clinical signs and minimal evidence of
 H parasuis infection at necropsy. The data from intratracheal
 inoculation of guinea pigs are similar to data from other
 investigations in swine, indicating differences in the
 pathogenic potential of H parasuis strains. Thus, guinea pigs
 may be useful as a laboratory animal model for examining
 cellular factors associated with virulence and immunogenicity
 of H parasuis.
 
 
 79                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
 Comparison of hematologic parameters in normal and
 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
 Alder, V.A.; Yu, D.Y.; Su, E.N.; Cringle, S.J.
 Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal
 Science; 1992 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (2): p.
 170-173; 1992 Apr.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Rats; Diabetes; Animal models; Hematology; Normal
 values; Blood sugar; Hemoglobin; Glycerate 2,3-bis(phosphate)
 
 Abstract:  Hematologic values are compared for normal and
 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after 6 weeks of induced
 diabetes. Most hematologic parameters were the same in the two
 groups except for blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and 2,3
 diphosphoglycerate, all of which were elevated in the
 streptozotocin group. However the P50 (the P02 at which the
 oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is 50% of maximal) remained
 normal. We hypothesize that a left shift in the oxyhemoglobin
 dissociation curve caused by the glycation of a small
 percentage of the hemoglobin is compensated by elevation in
 the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate which returns the P50 to normal
 values. This compensatory mechanism also occurs in some stages
 of human diabetes.
 
 
 80                                  NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1N88
 Comparison of the effect of dietary casein and cottonseed
 protein on food intake and growth in normal tumor-bearing
 rats.
 Radcliffe, J.D.
 Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1991 Sep.
 Nutrition research v. 11 (9): p. 1055-1066; 1991 Sep. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Dietary protein; Casein; Cottonseed protein; Food
 intake; Growth rate; Neoplasms; Rats
 
 Abstract:  Male Fischer 344 rats with (tumor-bearers) and
 without (controls) a transplantable methylcholanthrene sarcoma
 were fed isonitrogenous, isoenergetic diets containing either
 casein or cottonseed protein (CSP) so as to compare the
 effects of these two proteins on the development of cancer-
 induced anorexia and cachexia. For both diets, tumor growth
 was associated with depressed food intake, decreased body
 weight, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia. Diet had no effect
 on food intake, weight gain or serum albumin for either
 controls or tumor-bearers; tumor weight was unaffected by type
 of dietary protein. Liver weights were lower for animals fed
 CSP than for those fed casein. Dietary CSP exerted a
 hypolipidemic effect in normal rats, but this differential
 effect of protein quality on serum lipids was abolished by
 tumor growth, as were differences in serum fatty acid profile
 associated with consumption of CSP. Tumor growth itself was
 associated with altered fatty acid profiles in serum, with the
 percentages of fatty acids as stearic and arachidonic acids
 being decreased and the percentages as oleic and linoleic
 acids being increased. Thus, dietary CSP has similar effects
 to casein on the development of cancer anorexia and cachexia
 in this animal model. The effects of protein quality on serum
 lipids, however, can be altered by tumor growth.
 
 
 81                                   NAL Call. No.: SF757.8.A4
 Computed tomography of rambouillet sheep affected with
 neuronal ceroid lepofuscinosis.
 Woods, P.R.; Walker, M.A.; Weir, V.A.; Storts, R.W.; Menzies,
 C.; Shelton, M. Raleigh, NC : American College of Veterinary
 Radiology; 1994 Jul. Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the
 official journal of the American College of Veterinary
 Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology
 Association v. 34 (4): p. 259-262; 1994 Jul.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Sheep; Computed tomography; Neurons;
 Degeneration; Brain; Ceroid; Thalamus; Diagnosis; Postmortem
 examinations; Animal models
 
 
 82                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43
 The contribution of nonhuman primates to understanding
 coronary artery atherosclerosis in humans.
 Clarkson, R.B.; Klumpp, S.A.
 Washington, D.C. : Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources,
 National Research Council; 1990.
 I.L.A.R. news v. 32 (2): p. 4-8; 1990.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Monkeys; Animal models; Disease models;
 Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; Blood plasma; Tobacco smoking;
 Stress; Sex differences; Oral contraceptives
 
 
 83                                  NAL Call. No.: RC620.A1N47
 Control of hypoallergenicity by animal models.
 Pahud, J.J.; Schwarz, K.; Granato, D.
 New York, N.Y. : Raven Press; 1988.
 Nestle nutrition workshop series v. 17: p. 199-207; 1988. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Food allergies; Immune response; Allergens;
 Hypersensitivity; Models; Breast feeding
 
 
 84                                   NAL Call. No.: RA421.P684
 Controversial issues of dietary fat and experimental mammary
 carcinogenesis. Ip, C.
 Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1993 Sep.
 Preventive medicine v. 22 (5): p. 728-737; 1993 Sep.  Paper
 presented at the Fourth International Conference on Prevention
 of Human Cancer: Nutrition and Chemoprevention Controversies,
 June 3-6, 1992, Tucson, Arizona.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mammary gland neoplasms; Dietary fat; Linoleic
 acid; Diet; Caloric intake; Risk; Pregnancy; Lactation;
 Carcinogenesis; Literature reviews
 
 Abstract:  Epidemiological evidence from different countries
 worldwide has suggested a positive association between the
 availability of fat in the diet and variations in breast
 cancer mortality rate. A voluminous amount of information is
 also available in the literature linking increased fat
 consumption, particularly polyunsaturated fat, and stimulation
 of mammary tumorigenesis in animal models. In the past few
 years, our laboratory has been studying the impact of several
 confounding factors that could modulate the enhancing effect
 of fat on neoplastic development of the mammary gland in
 female rats which are treated with a carcinogen. It is our
 conclusion that fat promotes mammary carcinogenesis only under
 a very stringent set of conditions which might not be
 duplicated in the arena of fat intake and human breast cancer
 risk. Previous studies on fat and mammary cancer in
 experimental models have used young virgin rats which are
 given a dose of carcinogen at a particular age. The question
 arises as to whether the promoting effect of fat might be a
 consequence of the characteristics of the model. We have
 supportive evidence showing that the following criteria must
 be satisfied in order for fat enhancement of mammary
 carcinogenesis to be manifested: (a) carcinogen administered
 at a time when the mammary gland is exquisitely susceptible to
 tumor induction, (b) animals maintained on a semipurified
 diet, (c) ad libitum feeding necessary, and (d) unusually high
 requirement of linoleic acid for tumor development. On the
 other hand, the stimulatory effect of fat is attenuated or
 sometimes even negated by (a) feeding of a natural ingredient
 diet, (b) submaximal calorie intake, and (c) previous history
 of pregnancy and lactation. Given the spectrum of confounders
 that are inherent in epidemiological studies linking fat
 intake and breast cancer, including differences in lifestyle,
 reproductive history, eating habits, as well as complexity of
 the total diet, our findings suggest that there may be a need
 to reevaluate the validity of extrapolating animal data that
 are obtained under a highly defined set of conditions to the
 etiological significance of dietary fat in human breast
 cancer.
 
 
 85                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
 Convulsions in senescence-accelerated mice (SAM-R/1/Eis).
 Yamazaki, K.; Kumazawa, A.; Ito, K.; Kurihara, K.; Nakayama,
 M.; Wakabayashi, T.
 Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal
 Science; 1992 Aug. Laboratory animal science v. 42 (4): p.
 378-381; 1992 Aug.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mice; Animal models; Convulsions; Aging
 
 Abstract:  Senescence-accelerated mice (SAM) are one of the
 animal models used for studying senescence, which consist of
 several substrains such as SAM-R/1, R/2, P/1, P/2. SAM-R/1/Eis
 maintained in Eisai Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Ibaraki,
 Japan, was originally introduced as a substrain of a normal
 control SAM-R/1 from Kyoto University, Japan. We have noted
 signs of convulsions in SAM-R/1/Eis mice during routine animal
 care, particularly while changing cages. We identified the
 clinical signs and determined the concentrations of glucose
 and immunoreactive insulin in plasma of SAM-R/1/Eis mice.
 There were no differences in the male:female ratios of mice
 showing prodrome only, grand mal, or no-signs. The ages at
 which prodrome and grand mal were first noted peaked between
 20 and 25 weeks. Concentrations of glucose and immunoreactive
 insulin in plasma did not indicate the mice were in insulin
 hypoglycemia, which is one cause of convulsions. AKR strain
 mice, some of which originated with the SAM strain are known
 to become convulsive by repeated "throwing" stimulations.
 Conversely, in SAM-R/1/Eis, throwing stimuli are not needed to
 cause convulsive signs. Thus it is likely that in SAM-R/1/Eis
 mice the signs are triggered by repeating mild environmental
 changes, such as changing cages. The results of this study
 show that SAM-R/1/Eis is neither a normal control strain, nor
 an original SAM-R/1 strain. But it is possible that SAM-
 R/1/Eis is another useful animal model for studying
 spontaneous convulsion.
 
 
 86                                    NAL Call. No.: 410.9 P94
 Coronary arterial abnormalities in hyperlipidemic rats with
 renal failure. Yamasaki, K.; Yoshikawa, Y.
 Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for Laboratory Animal
 Science; 1994 Apr. Laboratory animal science v. 44 (2): p.
 125-130; 1994 Apr.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Rats; Hyperlipemia; Renal failure; Coronary
 vessels; Arteries; Disease course; Heart; Kidneys;
 Histopathology; Cholesterol; Triacylglycerols; Phospholipids;
 Urea; Nitrogen; Blood pressure; Weight
 
 Abstract:  Hyperlipidemic rats, which have been described as a
 useful animal model for focal glomerulosclerosis in humans,
 were examined at the ages of 17, 20, 24, and 27 weeks for
 evaluation of spontaneously developed coronary arterial
 lesions. The mean concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride,
 phospholipid, and urea nitrogen were greater than the
 respective control concentrations at and after the age of 17
 weeks. No abnormalities were detected in the blood pressure
 values. Starting from the age of 24 weeks, the rats had
 disseminated white spots in the ventricles and septum of the
 heart. Mean renal weights of hyperlipidemic rats were higher
 than those of control rats at the ages of 17 and 20 weeks, and
 the surface of the kidney appeared irregular when rats were 27
 weeks old. Histologic examination revealed atrophy of the
 coronary artery, a decrease in the number of smooth muscle
 cells, and thinning of the wall, resulting in loss of the
 normal wall structure. A homogenous eosinophilic substance,
 the nature and cause of which were unknown, was also seen in
 the affected arterial walls. Furthermore, white spots observed
 macroscopically were found to represent myocardial
 degeneration and necrosis with reactive histiocytic cells and
 lymphocytes, adventitial fibrosis, and edema associated with
 the affected arteries. These arterial lesions became evident
 in rats at and after the age of 24 weeks. Electron microscopic
 examination of coronary arteries revealed enlargement of the
 subendothelial space and spaces between the smooth muscle
 cells containing cell debris in rats at the age of 20 weeks,
 and degeneration and necrosis of the endothelial cells, smooth
 muscle cells in the media, and striated muscle cells adjacent
 to the affected arteries in rats at the age of 27 weeks.
 Histologic examination of affected kidneys revealed focal
 glomerulosclerosis, accompanied by the dilatation of the
 tubules, which contained eosinophilic casts and infiltrating
 lymphocytes in the interstitium together with edema, at and
 after the age of 17 weeks.
 
 
 87                                    NAL Call. No.: RC927.C73
 CRC handbook of animal models for the rheumatic diseases.. 
 Handbook of animal models for the rheumatic diseases
 Greenwald, Robert A.,_1943-; Diamond, Herbert S.,
 Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press,; 1988.
 2 v. : ill. ; 26 cm.  Includes bibliographies and index.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Rheumatism; Animal models; Handbooks, manuals,
 etc; Arthritis; Animal models; Handbooks, manuals, etc; Animal
 welfare
 
 
 88                                    NAL Call. No.: RC756.H28
 CRC handbook of animal models of pulmonary disease..  Handbook
 of animal models of pulmonary disease
 Cantor, Jerome O.
 Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press,; 1989.
 2 v. : ill. ; 26 cm.  Includes bibliographies and indexes.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Lungs
 
 
 89                                     NAL Call. No.: 381 J824
 Defective glucose-dependent endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+
 sequestration in diabetic mouse islets of Langerhans.
 Roe, M.W.; Philipson, L.H.; Frangakis, C.J.; Kuznetsov, A.;
 Mertz, R.J.; Lancaster, M.E.; Spencer, B.; Worley, J.F. III;
 Dukes, I.D. Bethesda, Md. : American Society for Biochemistry
 and Molecular Biology; 1994 Jul15.
 The Journal of biological chemistry v. 269 (28): p.
 18279-18282; 1994 Jul15. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mice; Experimental diabetes; Diabetes mellitus;
 Calcium ions; Endoplasmic reticulum; Glucose;
 Pyrophosphatases; Enzyme activity; Pancreas islets; Insulin
 secretion
 
 Abstract:  Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is
 a metabolic disease associated with abnormal insulin
 secretion, the underlying mechanisms of which are unknown.
 Glucose-dependent signal transduction pathways were
 investigated in pancreatic islets derived from the db/db
 mouse, an animal model of NIDDM. After stimulation with
 glucose (4-12 mM), the changes in intracellular Ca2+
 concentration (Ca2+]i) were different; unlike control islets,
 db/db islets lacked an initial reduction of [Ca2+]i and the
 subsequent [Ca2]i oscillations following stimulation with 12
 mM glucose. The severity of these defects in Ca2+ signaling
 correlated with the age-dependent development of
 hyperglycemia. Similarly defective glucose-induced Ca2+
 signaling were reproduced in control islets by pre-exposure to
 thapsigargin, a selective inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum
 (ER) Ca2+-ATPase. Estimation of ATPase activities from rates
 of ATP hydrolysis and by immunoblot hybridization with an
 antiserum directed against the sacro/endoplasmic reticulum
 Ca2+-ATPase both demonstrated that the ER Ca2+-ATPase was
 almost entirely absent from db/db islets. The effects of
 inhibition of ER Ca2+-ATPase on insulin secretion were also
 examined; a 4-day exposure of control islets to 1 micromolar
 thapsigargin resulted in basal and glucose-stimulated insulin
 secretion levels similar to those found in db/db islets. These
 results suggest that aberrant ER Ca2+ sequestration underlies
 the impaired glucose responses in the db/db mouse and may play
 a role in defective insulin secretion associated with NIDDM.
 
 
 90                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643
 The development of a vaccine against feline immunodeficiency
 virus. Hosie, M.J.
 London : Bailliere Tindall; 1994 Jan.
 The British veterinary journal v. 150 (1): p. 25-39; 1994 Jan. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Cats; Vaccines; Feline immunodeficiency virus;
 Infection; Vaccine development; Vaccination; Disease
 prevention; Literature reviews
 
 Abstract:  Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a retrovirus
 causing significant disease in cats. The virus has been shown
 to be similar biologically to the human immunodeficiency virus
 (HIV), the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
 in humans. Much interest has been expressed in the use of FIV
 as an animal model for HIV vaccination studies. Both FIV and
 HIV belong to the lentivirus group of retroviruses. While
 there are several effective vaccines against feline leukaemia
 virus (FeLV), a mammalian type C retrovirus, at present there
 are no effective vaccines against lentiviruses. This review
 illustrates the obstacles to the production of vaccines
 against FIV or HIV. FIV vaccine studies conducted in several
 laboratories are reviewed, the results are compared and
 factors important for inducing protection from FIV infection
 are discussed.
 
 
 91                                    NAL Call. No.: RC628.O22
 Development of insulin resistance during the course of
 obesity: lessons from animal models.
 Penicaud, L.; Ferre, P.
 New York, N.Y. : Human Sciences Press; 1988.
 Journal of obesity and weight regulation v. 7 (2): p. 91-109;
 1988. Literature review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Diabetes; Obesity; Insulin; Adipose tissue;
 Glucose tolerance; Animal models; Genetic markers;
 Experimental diets; Hypothalamic lesions; Metabolism; Lipids;
 Literature reviews; Rats
 
 
 92                               NAL Call. No.: RC628.N48 1987
 The development of the SHR/N- and LA/N-cp (Corpulent) congenic
 rat strains. Hansen, C.T.
 Bethesda, Md. : National Institutes of Health; 1988.
 New models of genetically obese rats for studies in diabetes,
 heart disease, and complications of obesity : NIH workshop,
 June 18-19, 1987, summaries of workshop papers and current
 bibliography. p. 7-11; 1988.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Obesity; Animal breeding; Animal models; Rats
 
 
 93                                    NAL Call. No.: 381 J8282
 Development of unesterified cholesterol-rich lipid particles
 in atherosclerotic lesions of WHHL and cholesterol-fed NZW
 rabbits. Chao, F.F.; Blanchette-Mackie, E.J.; Dickens, B.F.;
 Gamble, W.; Kruth, H.S. Bethesda, Md. : Lipid Research, inc.,
 1959-; 1994 Jan.
 Journal of lipid research v. 35 (1): p. 71-83; 1994 Jan. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Rabbits; Experimental atherosclerosis;
 Cholesterol; Lipids; Animal models; Disease models;
 Hyperlipemia; Phosphatidylcholines; Sphingomyelins
 
 Abstract:  Previously, we isolated and characterized
 unesterified cholesterol-rich lipid particles (UCLP) that
 accumulate in extracellular spaces of atherosclerotic lesions
 of humans and cholesterol-fed rabbits. In the present study,
 we examined early developing atherosclerotic lesions to
 determine when UCLP appear and when they become enriched in
 cholesterol and sphingomyelin. Cholesterol-fed NZW rabbits,
 which rapidly develop atherosclerotic lesions, and genetically
 hyperlipidemic WHHL rabbits, which develop lesions over a
 longer period of time, were studied. UCLP of peak density 1.04
 g/ml appear as early as 4 weeks after the onset of cholesterol
 feeding and progressively accumulate during atherosclerotic
 lesion development. Beginning with their appearance and
 afterwards, UCLP contain a saturating level (2:1 molar ratio)
 of cholesterol relative to phospholipid. Whereas, early UCLP
 are enriched in phosphatidylcholine, with time UCLP become
 enriched with sphingoymelin. Another UCLP population having a
 peak density of 1.09 g/ml was present in control aortas and
 increased in amount more slowly than the d 1.04 g/ml UCLP
 during cholesterol feeding. The d 1.09 g/ml particles were
 predominantly unilamellar vesicles, the majority between 100
 and 200 nm in diameter. They contained > 90% of their
 cholesterol in unesterified form and their ratio of
 unesterified cholesterol to phospholipid progressively
 increased from 0.6 to 1.7 during cholesterol feeding. Liposome
 resistance to solubilization by high density lipoproteins is
 known to be increased by enrichment with unesterified
 cholesterol and sphingomyelin. Sphingomyelin enrichment of
 unesterified cholesterol-rich lipid particles (UCLP) could
 stabilize cholesterol in a form that does not readily
 crystallize. However, at the same time, the early and
 progressive accumulation of UCLP in developing atherosclerotic
 lesions may limit reverse cholesterol transport and accelerate
 disease progression.
 
 
 94                                     NAL Call. No.: QP501.E8
 Developmental changes of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase subunit
 levels in erythrocytes from normal dogs and dogs affected by
 glycogen storage disease type VII.
 Mhaskar, Y.; Harvey, J.W.; Dunaway, G.A.
 New York, NY : Springer-Verlag New York Inc; 1992 Mar.
 European journal of biochemistry v. 101 (3): p. 303-307; 1992
 Mar.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Dogs; Glycogenosis; Phosphofructokinase;
 Isoenzymes; Enzyme activity; Erythrocytes; Age differences;
 Animal models
 
 Abstract:  1. The subunit proportions (L:M:C) of the PFK
 isozymes from normal adult erythrocytes were 2:86:12. Affected
 adult erythrocyte 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK) isozymes
 contained normal L-type (31%) and C-type (61%) subunits as
 well as a small amount (8%) of truncated M-type subunit. 2.
 When measured within 24 hr of birth, both normal and affected
 dog erythrocytes contained high PFK activities due to elevated
 levels of the L-type subunit. As the dogs matured, PFK
 activity decreased due to a greater than 99% loss of the L-
 type subunit. 3. By 2 weeks of age, the M-type and C-type
 subunits in normal dog PFK isozymes increased severalfold and
 attained near adult levels. 4. During post-natal development,
 the L-type subunit from affected dog erythrocytes decreased
 more rapidly than from normal dog erythrocytes; but it was
 maintained at a higher level in the affected adult
 erythrocytes. Also, in the affected dog erythrocytes,
 truncated M-type subunits were detected; and the initially
 high levels of the C-type subunit decreased approximately 50%
 after 4 weeks.
 
 
 95                                  NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1P72
 Diabetes mellitus. What have we learned from animals?.
 Berdanier, C.D.
 Tarrytown, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1993 Jul.
 Progress in food & nutrition science v. 17 (3): p. 261-285;
 1993 Jul. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Diabetes mellitus; Animal models; Animal
 experiments; Insulin; Obesity; Incidence; Pancreas islets;
 Autoimmune diseases; Viral diseases; Blood sugar; Glucose;
 Nutrient transport; Carbohydrate metabolism; Literature
 reviews
 
 Abstract:  Progress in our understanding of the
 pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus has been made possible
 because of the availability of animal analogs of the various
 human diseases. Diabetes mellitus can be mild, moderate or
 severe depending on the genetic error that is responsible for
 the disease. Present estimates of errors that result in
 diabetes range from 20 to 100. Because similar errors have
 been found in spontaneously diabetic animals scientists have
 been able to identify the sequence of metabolic events and
 subsequent tissue change in many of these phenotypes. Studies
 of the efficacy of various drugs, diets and lifestyle choices
 on disease development and management thus were made possible.
 
 
 96                                   NAL Call. No.: QL55.A1I43
 Diabetes-prone and diabetes-resistant BB rats: animal models
 of spontaneous and virally induced diabetes mellitus,
 lymphocytic thyroiditis, and collagen-induced arthritis.
 Guberski, D.L.
 Washington, Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National
 Research Council; 1993.
 ILAR news v. 35 (2): p. 29-37; 1993.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Rats; Disease models; Diabetes; Strain
 differences
 
 
 97                                  NAL Call. No.: QP801.H7H65
 Diabetic embryopathy and fuel-mediated organ teratogenesis:
 lessons from animal models.
 Freinkel, N.
 Stuttgart, W. Ger. : Georg Thieme; 1988 Aug.
 Hormone and metabolic research; Hormon- und
 Stoffwechselforschung; Hormones et metabolisme v. 20 (8): p.
 463-475. ill; 1988 Aug.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Diabetes; Pregnancy; Maternal effects; Models;
 Abnormalities
 
 
 98                                    NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6
 Dietary effects in experimental carcinogenesis: animal models.
 Kritchevsky, D.
 Basel : Karger; 1988.
 Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 174-185; 1988.  In the
 series analytic: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human
 Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and C.E. West.  Literature
 review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animal models; Carcinogenesis; Dietary fat;
 Dietary protein; Carbohydrates; Restricted feeding; Trace
 elements; Vitamins; Literature reviews
 
 
 99                                     NAL Call. No.: QP751.L5
 Dietary fat and colon cancer: animal model studies.
 Reddy, B.S.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Oil Chemists' Society; 1992 Oct.
 Lipids v. 27 (10): p. 807-813; 1992 Oct.  Paper presented at
 the "Symposium on Lipids in Cancer" held at the AOCS Annual
 Meeting, April 1990, Baltimore, Maryland.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Dietary fat; Fish oils; Fatty acids; Colon;
 Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis; Animal models; Reviews
 
 
 100                                    NAL Call. No.: RA784.N8
 Dietary fat and natural killer cell function.
 Byham, L.D.
 Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1991 Jan.
 Nutrition today v. 26 (1): p. 31-36. charts; 1991 Jan. 
 Literature review. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Natural killer cells; Dietary fat; Immunity;
 Neoplasms; Eicosanoids; Lymphocytes; Cell membranes;
 Lipoxygenase; Animal models; Clinical trials; Literature
 reviews
 
 Abstract:  This article looks at the role of dietary fat in
 influencing the ability of natural killer cells to inhibit the
 proliferation of cancer cells. It includes: 1) an overview of
 the immune system; 2) a discussion of the lymphocytic membrane
 and; 3) a review of cyclo-oxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibition,
 and animal models and clinical trials on the role of
 eicosanoids in natural killer cell function.
 
 
 101                                    NAL Call. No.: QP751.L5
 Dietary fat and the development of pancreatic cancer.
 Roebuck, B.D.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Oil Chemists' Society; 1992 Oct.
 Lipids v. 27 (10): p. 804-806; 1992 Oct.  Paper presented at
 the "Symposium on Lipids in Cancer" held at the AOCS Annual
 Meeting, April 1990, Baltimore, Maryland.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Dietary fat; Fatty acids; Fish oils; Calories;
 Exercise; Pancreas; Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis; Animal models;
 Rats; Reviews
 
 
 102                                  NAL Call. No.: RA421.P684
 Dietary fat, calories, and fiber in colon cancer.
 Reddy, B.S.
 Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1993 Sep.
 Preventive medicine v. 22 (5): p. 738-749; 1993 Sep.  Paper
 presented at the Fourth International Conference on Prevention
 of Human Cancer: Nutrition and Chemoprevention Controversies,
 June 3-6, 1992, Tucson, Arizona.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Carcinoma; Colon; Dietary fat; Fiber; Caloric
 intake; Carcinogenesis; Nutritional intervention; Literature
 reviews
 
 Abstract:  The purpose of this presentation is (a) to provide
 an overview of the data thus far obtained in human
 epidemiological studies and laboratory animal models on the
 relationship between dietary fat, calories, and fiber and
 colon carcinogenesis and (b) to discuss whether the effect of
 dietary fat on colon carcinogenesis is due to the specific
 action of fat or to an associated caloric effect. Although the
 primary discussion of this presentation will be on laboratory
 animal model studies, reference will be made to human studies
 where appropriate. Future research will produce additional
 evidence for the etiologic role of types of dietary fat and
 fiber and total calories in cancer of the colon discussed in
 this presentation.
 
 
 103                                  NAL Call. No.: RC620.A1J6
 Dietary fat, calories, and the risk of breast cancer in
 postmenopausal women: a prospective population-based study.
 Barrett-Connor, E.; Friedlander, N.J.
 Wilmington, NC : American College of Nutrition; 1993 Aug.
 Journal of the American College of Nutrition v. 12 (4): p.
 390-399; 1993 Aug. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Dietary fat; Energy intake; Mammary gland
 neoplasms; Nutrient intake; Menopause; Literature reviews;
 Risk; Women
 
 Abstract:  We tested the hypothesis that a high-fat diet
 increases the risk of breast cancer in a population-based
 study of 590 women aged 40-79 years who were without known
 breast cancer when they provided a quantitative 24-hour diet
 recall. Fifteen postmenopausal women were diagnosed with
 incident breast cancer during the next 15 years (approximately
 7600 person-years of follow-up). These women had significantly
 higher age-adjusted intake of afl fats (monounsaturated,
 polyunsaturated, and saturated), and oleic, linoleic, and
 linolenic acids, with a stepwise increase in risk across
 tertiles of intake. Fat intake was associated with total
 calories, protein, and carbohydrates, and women with incident
 breast cancer consumed more calories, protein, and
 carbohydrates than did other subjects. When each nutrient
 variable (calories, fats, protein, and carbohydrates) was
 adjusted for age, body mass index, age at menopause, parity,
 and alcohol consumption, the strongest risks for incident
 breast cancer were associated with total calories (relative
 risk per standard deviation = 2.72, 95% confidence interval =
 1.51-4.89, p = 0.002) and total fats (relative risk per
 standard deviation = 2.01, 95% confidence interval =
 1.19-3.41, p = 0.0 1). Fat composition of the diet, expressed
 either as percent of energy or as fat intake adjusted for
 calories by regression analysis, was not significantly
 associated with risk of breast cancer. These results support
 the hypothesis that total calorie consumption, as well as
 dietary fat consumption, is a risk factor for breast cancer in
 postmenopausal women, and parallel observations in animal
 models.
 
 
 104                                    NAL Call. No.: QP751.L5
 Dietary fat, fatty acids and prostate cancer.
 Rose, D.P.; Connolly, J.M.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Oil Chemists' Society; 1992 Oct.
 Lipids v. 27 (10): p. 798-803; 1992 Oct.  Paper presented at
 the "Symposium on Lipids in Cancer" held at the AOCS Annual
 Meeting, April 1990, Baltimore, Maryland.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Dietary fat; Fatty acids; Prostate; Neoplasms;
 Obesity; Hormones; Growth factors; Risk; Animal models;
 Reviews
 
 
 105                                 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1N83
 Dietary fibre in the prevention of colorectal cancer: lessons
 from studies in animal models.
 Young, G.P.
 South Perth, WA: The Society; 1990.
 Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia v. 15: p.
 112-119; 1990. Meeting held November 26-28, 1990, Adelaide,
 South Australia.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Fiber; Neoplasms; Colon
 
 
 106                                    NAL Call. No.: QH301.F3
 Dietary myristic, palmitic, and linoleic acids modulate
 cholesterolemia in gerbils.
 Pronczuk, A. \u Brandeis University, Waltham, MA; Khosla, P.;
 Hayes, K.C. Bethesda, Md. : The Federation of American
 Societies for Experimental Biology; 1994 Nov.
 The FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of
 American Societies for Experimental Biology v. 8 (14): p.
 1191-1200; 1994 Nov. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Meriones unguiculatus; Cholesterol; Blood plasma;
 Blood composition; Myristic acid; Linoleic acid; Fatty acids;
 Palmitic acid; Intake; Cholesterol metabolism;
 Hypercholesterolemia; Regression analysis; Animal models
 
 
 107                                   NAL Call. No.: 447.8 AM3
 Dietary obesity and weight cycling in rats: a model of stress-
 induced hypertension?.
 Contreras, R.J.; King, S.; Rives, L.; Williams, A.; Wattleton,
 T. Bethesda, Md. : American Physiological Society; 1991 Oct.
 American journal of physiology v. 261 (4,pt.2): p. R848-R857;
 1991 Oct. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Obesity; Hypertension; Blood pressure; Heart
 rate; Stress; Diet; Body weight; Cycling; Angiotensin; Animal
 models; Rats
 
 Abstract:  The present study was designed to reproduce the
 mild hypertension seen in dietary obese weight-cycled rats [P.
 Ernsberger and D. 0. Nelson. Am. J. Physiol. 254 (Regulatory
 Integrative Comp. Physiol 23): R47-R55, 1988] and determine
 whether this mild hypertension was associated with changes in
 sodium excretion and pressor responsiveness to angiotensin II
 (ANG II). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed pelleted chow
 (Pellet group) or chow plus sweetened condensed milk (Milk
 group) or were exposed to four cycles of a 4-day fast
 alternated with 2 wk of refeeding of pelleted chow and
 sweetened condensed milk (Cycled group). Blood pressure and
 heart rate were measured by tail cuff at the onset and last
 day of each fast and after 3 days of refeeding. During
 fasting, urine sodium excretion was measured. Mean arterial
 pressure and heart rate responses to intravenous
 administration of ANG II (40, 80, and 120 ng/kg), metoprolol
 (1 mg/kg), and methyl scopolamine (2 mg/kg) were obtained from
 the femoral artery in awake unrestrained rats. Weight cycling
 did not lead to mild hypertension or increased bradycardic
 response to sympathetic blockade with metoprolol. ANG II-
 elicited pressor responses were similar for Pellet, Milk, and
 Cycled groups. Sodium excretion did not change with fasting.
 Mild hypertension developed when obese weight-cycled rats were
 housed together in groups and not when housed individually.
 Our preliminary data are consistent with the notion that
 stress associated with group housing may be a factor in the
 mild hypertension of obese weight-cycled rats.
 
 
 108                              NAL Call. No.: RC692.D54 1990
 Dietary proteins, cholesterol, metabolism and atherosclerosis.
 Sugano, Michihiro,_1933-; Beynen, Anton C.,
 Basel ; New York : Karger,; 1990.
 163 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. (Monographs on atherosclerosis ; vol.
 16).  Includes index.  Includes bibliographical references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Atherosclerosis; Blood cholesterol;
 Hypercholesteremia; Food; Blood proteins
 
 Abstract:  Analyzes the effects of dietary animal, vegetable
 and fish proteins on serum cholesterol levels in animal models
 and humans. Explores the possible mechanisms which have been
 advanced to date and reports the results of original research
 inquiries.
 
 
 109                                   NAL Call. No.: SF95.A1C6
 Dietary-induced obesity in experimental animals.
 Kanarek, R.B.; Orthen-Gambill, N.
 Basel : Karger; 1988.
 Comparative animal nutrition v. 6: p. 83-110; 1988.  In the
 series analytic: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human
 Nutrition / edited by A.C. Beynen and C.E. West.  Literature
 review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animal models; Rats; Obesity; Dietary fat;
 Dietary carbohydrate; Feed conversion efficiency; Feed intake;
 Adipose tissue; Fat metabolism; Nutritive ratio; Exercise;
 Carbohydrate metabolism disorders; Specific dynamic action;
 Literature reviews
 
 
 110                                 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1N88
 Dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis in
 ethanol-fed rats. Rogers, A.E.; Conner, B.H.
 Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1990 Aug.
 Nutrition research v. 10 (8): p. 915-928; 1990 Aug.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ethanol; Mammary gland neoplasms; Carcinogens;
 Rats
 
 Abstract:  Epidemiological evidence indicates that ingestion
 of alcoholic beverages is a risk factor or is associated with
 a risk factor for breast cancer. A small increase in relative
 risk (1.1-1.2) compared to non-drinkers, has been reported for
 drinkers of small amounts of alcohol, approximately 3-4 drinks
 per week; a larger increase in relative risk (1.4-1.7) with a
 significant dose relationship occurs at intakes of 2-3 drinks
 per day. Two drinks per day would supply approximately 7-10%
 of a woman's caloric intake. This evidence, coupled with the
 general association of breast cancer risk with higher
 economic, nutritional and education status, supports the view
 that relevant animal models for study of the relationship
 between alcohol and breast cancer should employ moderate
 alcohol and good nutrient intake. Two carcinogenesis
 experiments were performed in ethanol-fed, female, Sprague-
 Dawley rats. In the first, groups of 50 rats were fed control
 diet ad libitum (CON) or were fed the diet with 20% of
 calories supplied as ethanol (ETOH) or were pair-fed control
 diet in amounts determined by the intake of ETOH rats (PF).
 They were given 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), 20 mg/kg,
 by gavage at 55 days of age and monitored for tumor
 development. There was no detectable effect of ethanol on
 mammary tumor latency, incidence, number, weight or histology.
 In the second experiment, rats divided into the same groups
 were given 25% of calories as ethanol, with occasional
 increases to 35%, and the dose of DMBA was increased to 30
 mg/kg. Again, there was no detectable effect of ethanol on
 mammary tumorigenesis. Thus, no effect of ethanol on mammary
 gland tumorigenesis by DMBA was observed in rats treated by 2
 different protocols.
 
 
 111                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
 Dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatotoxicosis in dogs as a model
 of progressive canine hepatic disease.
 Boothe, D.M.; Jenkins, W.L.; Green, R.A.; Corrier, D.E.;
 Cullen, J.M.; Boothe, H.W.; Weise, D.
 Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association;
 1992 Mar. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (3):
 p. 411-420; 1992 Mar. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Dogs; Hepatitis; Disease models; Animal models;
 N-nitrosodimethylamine
 
 Abstract:  A model of toxin-induced progressive hepatitis is
 described in Beagles. The toxin, dimethylnitrosamine, was
 administered orally to 18 Beagles; 6 dogs comprised a control
 group. Clinical signs and laboratory test results were
 monitored as disease progressed and were used to determine the
 end point of disease. Following euthanasia, histologic lesions
 were scored and used to derive a total severity score for each
 dog. Severity scores were then used to allot the 18 dogs to 3
 groups of hepatic disease, defined as mild, moderate, or
 severe. Changes in clinical laboratory test results, including
 tests of hepatic function, and clinical signs indicative of
 liver disease were described chronologically for all dogs.
 Group means of clinical laboratory test results and
 quantifiable clinical signs (eg, weight loss and ascitic fluid
 accumulation) were compared. This model offers several
 advantages, compared with other experimental models of canine
 hepatic disease. These include hepatospecificity, similarity
 to natural disease (eg, the development of multiple
 extrahepatic portosystemic shunts), and the ability to titrate
 the disease to a desired end point. The major disadvantages of
 this model were the toxic nature of the drug to human beings
 and the variation in individual animal response to the toxin,
 which precludes preassignment of animals into groups.
 
 
 112                                   NAL Call. No.: 447.8 Am3
 Direct plasma radioimmunoassay for rat amylin-(1-37):
 concentrations with acquired and genetic obesity.
 Pieber, T.R.; Roitelman, J.; Lee, Y.; Luskey, K.L.; Stein,
 D.T. Bethesda, Md. : American Physiological Society, 1898-;
 1994 Jul. American journal of physiology v. 267 (1,pt.1): p.
 E156-E164; 1994 Jul. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Obesity; Polypeptides; Insulin; Measurement;
 Blood plasma; Radioimmunoassay; Aging; Pathogenesis; Animal
 models; Rats
 
 Abstract:  Amylin (islet-associated polypeptide) is a 37-amino
 acid peptide that is cosecreted with insulin from the
 pancreatic beta-cell. Accurate measurement of its plasma
 levels is important for delineating the physiological range
 over which amylin acts. We describe a reproducible, highly
 specific, and sensitive radioimmunoassay for direct
 measurement of plasma amylin-(1-37). We measured changes in
 portal and systemic plasma amylin and insulin in three groups
 of anesthetized rats: lean young adult and old adult Wistar
 rats with acquired obesity, and Wistar fatty [WDF/TaFa
 (fa/fa)] rats, a model of genetic obesity and insulin
 resistance derived from the Wistar strain. Changes in response
 to fasting, feeding, and intravenous stimulation with glucose
 plus arginine were assessed. We find that the amylin-to-
 insulin ratio is constant in fasted or fed young and old rats
 because of proportionate increases in both entities with
 aging. In genetically obese Wistar rats, amylin and insulin
 levels are three- to tenfold higher than in lean young or
 obese old normal controls. Islet stimulation by feeding or
 intravenous glucose plus arginine resulted in a decreased
 amylin-to-insulin molar ratio in all groups. When normalized
 for the degree of islet stimulation, amylin-to-insulin ratios
 were significantly elevated in genetically obese vs. normal
 rats, both in the portal and systemic circulation. These
 results demonstrate that aging-related weight gain in normal
 rats is associated with moderate and proportional increases in
 amylin and insulin, whereas genetic obesity is characterized
 by elevated amylin and an increased amylin-to-insulin ratio.
 Implications for the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and
 obesity are discussed.
 
 
 113                                     NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
 Discovery and development of novel prototype antibiotics for
 opportunistic infections related to acquired immunodeficiency
 syndrome. Clark, A.M.; Hufford, C.D.
 Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society, 1974-; 1993. ACS
 symposium series (534): p. 228-241; 1993.