Housing, Husbandry, and Welfare of Dairy CattleAnimal Welfare Information Center
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Compiled By:
D'Anna J.B. Jensen
Animal Welfare Information Center, Information Centers Branch
National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture
10301 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351
Jensen, D'Anna J.B. Housing, husbandry, and welfare of dairy cattle. (Quick bibliography series ; 95-15) 1.Dairy cattle--Bibliography. I. Title. aZ5071.N3 no.95-15
Set Description
S1 DAIR? AND (BOVINE OR BOS OR COW? OR BULL?? OR STEER??
OR HEIFER? OR CALK OR CALVE?? OR CATTLE)
S2 S1 AND SH=(L100 OR L300 OR N100)
S3 S2 AND (HOUS? OR FACILIT? OR STRUCT? OR PEN?? OR
STALL?? OR CONFIN? OR STANCHION?? OR FREE(W)STALL? OR
PARLOR?)
S4 S1 AND STRESS?
S5 S4 NOT SH=L500
S6 S1 AND (WELFARE OR WELL(W)BEING OR HUMANE OR HANDL? OR
CARE)
S7 (S3+S5+S6)
S8 S7 AND PY=1985:1995
S9 RD (unique items)
1 NAL Call. No.: SF196.U5A8
1987 heat-stress trials in Saudi Arabia.
Armstrong, D.V.; Wise, M.E.
Tucson, Ariz. : The Service; 1987 Jun.
Arizona dairy newsletter - University of Arizona, Cooperative
Extension Service. p. 2; 1987 Jun.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saudi arabia; Dairy cows; Heat stress; Milk
production; Lactation; Cooling
2 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.V8V52
4-H dairy project 1.
Hartman, D.A.
Blacksburg, Va. : Extension Division, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University; 1991.
Publication - Virginia Cooperative Extension Service
(404-777): 19 p.; 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: 4-h clubs; Calves; Selection; Calf feeding; Calf
diseases; Calf housing; Dehorning; Teats
3 NAL Call. No.: 100 M69MI
Advanced techniques practiced at new dairy research unit.
Broadway, R.
Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1988 Apr.
MAFES research highlights - Mississippi Agricultural and
Forestry Experiment Station v. 51 (4): p. 8. ill; 1988 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Experimental stations; Farm dairies;
Milking; Cow housing; Programmed feed dispensers
4 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 C164
Air quality in six Alberta commercial free-stall dairy barns.
Clark, P.C.; McQuitty, J.B.
Ottawa : Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering; 1987
Jan. Canadian agricultural engineering v. 29 (1): p. 77-80;
1987 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Barns; Cow housing; Air quality; Carbon
dioxide; Ammonia; Hydrogen sulfide; Dust; Moisture;
Ventilation
5 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.R473
All year housing of dairy cows.
Poole, D.A.
Harlow, Essex : Longman; 1987.
Research and development in agriculture v. 4 (2): p. 77-81.
ill; 1987. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cow housing; Feed intake; Milk
production
6 NAL Call. No.: aTD930.Y6
Alternatives for dairy manure management.
Young, C. Edwin; Alwang, Jeffrey R.; Crowder, Bradley M.
United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Natural Resource
Economics Division Washington, D.C. : United States Dept. of
Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Natural Resourse
Economics Division,; 1986.
vi, 35 p. ; 28 cm.. (ERS staff report ; no. AGES 860422).
Cover title. Bibliography: p. 28.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Manure; Handling; Dairy cattle;
Manure; Management; Manures; Management; Agricultural wastes;
Environmental aspects; United States
7 NAL Call. No.: S540.S7K36
Analysis of a two lactation target animal safety study of
somidobove sustained release injection in multiparous dairy
cows.
Tonkinson, L.V.; Basson, R.P.; McGuffey, R.K.; Deldar, A.;
Fisher, L. Manhattan, Kan. : Dept. of Statistics, Kansas State
University; 1989. Proceedings of the ... Kansas State
University conference on applied statistics in agriculture. p.
34-36; 1989. Meeting held April 30 - May 2, 1989, Manhattan,
Kansas. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Lactation;
Animal welfare; Dosage effects
8 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Analysis of equipotential plane installations.
Kammel, D.W.; Jones, B.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1987.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 87-3037): 12 p. ill; 1987. Paper
presented at the 1987 Summer Meeting of the American Society
of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Cattle housing; Planes;
Installations; Facilities; Electric current; Costs
9 NAL Call. No.: 281.8 C16
An analysis of the structural and welfare effects of bovine
somatotropin on the Ontario dairy industry.
Oxley, J.; Fox, G.; Moschini, G.
Ottawa : Canadian Agricultural Economics and Farm Management
Society; 1989 Nov.
Canadian journal of agricultural economics; Revue Canadienne
d'economie rurale v. 37 (3): p. 393-406; 1989 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Dairy industry; Somatotropin; Structural
change; Welfare economics; Technology; Economic impact; Farm
surveys; Quotas; Simulation models; Surpluses; Innovation
adoption
10 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Analytical tools for material and energy balance, cash flow,
and environmental loads in a dairy cattle enterprise.
Saama, P.M.; Koenig, B.E.; Koenig, H.E.; Anderson, J.H.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1994
Apr. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (4): p. 994-1002; 1994
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy farming; Computer software; Systems
analysis; Network analysis; Material balance; Energy balance;
Externalities
Abstract: Analytical tools for the preconstruction technical
design and postconstruction management of a dairy enterprise
are presented. The enterprise is represented as a network of
production processes with alternative operating technologies
and scale of operation as technical parameters of
environmental loads and cash flow. The operating technologies
of the network are represented by material conversion
coefficients and energetic cost functions. Generalized laws of
material and energy balance are used to define an on-line
management accounting system for recording resource and
product flows, physical energy, and human time involved in the
production process. Cash flow and value added are computed
from the technologies of the network, prices of material and
energetic resources, and costs of operating facilities. A
microcomputer application was developed to evaluate the
environmental loads and the economic consequences of
alternative technologies, product prices, and amortization
schedules for facility and equipment costs. The concepts and
analytical tools presented for the design and management of
dairy enterprises provide a framework through which scientists
across disciplines and producers across product lines can work
together to increase overall farm profitability and to reduce
environmental loads.
11 NAL Call. No.: SF241.L8N6
Anatomy and physiology of the udder.
Nickerson, S.C.
Homer, La. : The Station; 1992.
Dairy research report - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
Station. p. 159-176; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Udders; Teats; Animal anatomy;
Mammary glands; Mammary tissue; Mammary development; Milk
synthesis; Milk secretion; Milk ejection; Milk yield; Milking
12 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V6456
Animal husbandry review.
Ewer, T.K.
London : Scientechnica; 1988.
The Veterinary annual v. 28: p. 1-22. ill; 1988. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Sheep; Pigs; Animal husbandry; Animal
feeding; Diets; Concentrates; Hay; Silage; Forage; Animal
breeding; Pig housing
13 NAL Call. No.: SF191.D3
Animal rights.
Clark, E.
Minnetonka, Minn. : Miller Publishing Company; 1988 Aug.
Dairy herd management v. 25 (8): p. 4; 1988 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Animal welfare; Cattle husbandry
14 NAL Call. No.: SF191.D3
Animal rights.
Minnetonka, Minn. : Miller Publishing Company; 1988 Dec.
Dairy herd management v. 25 (12): p. 8-10, 12, 14-15. ill;
1988 Dec.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dairy herds; Animal welfare; Animal
husbandry; Cattle housing; Dairy legislation; Public opinion;
Abuse; Politics
15 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Antibiotic residue prevention methods, farm management, and
occurrence of antibiotic residues in milk.
McEwen, S.A.; Black, W.D.; Meek, A.H.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1991
Jul. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (7): p. 2128-2137; 1991
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Milk; Antibiotic residues; Dairy farms; Milking
parlors; Questionnaires; Dairying; Farm management; Prevention
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine
associations among the occurrence of antibiotic residues in
bulk milk and various farm management practices. Ninety-four
dairy farms were visited after antibiotic residues were
detected in samples of their bulk milk (case farms) along with
an equal number of residue-free farms (controls). Farmers
completed questionnaires designed to elicit details of
management practices used on farms and methods employed for
prevention of antibiotic residues. Factors were initially
examined unconditionally for statistical association with
occurrence of residues; then multivariate associations were
determined using multiple logistic regression. After adjusting
for herd size in a logistic model, the risk of residues in
milk was observed to increase in association with the frequent
use of part-time labor in the milking of cows. The risk of
residue occurrence was decreased in association with the use
of milk residue test kits, when the farmer believed that
increasing the dose of antibiotic required an increase in the
withholding time of milk, and when tie stall and pipeline
milking systems were used rather than milking parlors or tie
stall and dumping station systems.
16 NAL Call. No.: SF5.I57 1986
Applications of hormone radioimmunoassays on studies of
environment and reproduction interactions in large ruminants.
Thatcher, W.W.; Collier, R.J.; Drost, M.; Putney, J.; Beede,
D.K.; Wilcox, C.J.
Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency; 1986.
Nuclear and related techniques in animal production and health
: proceedings of an International Symposium / jointly
organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency ... [et
al.].. p. 41-55; 1986. (Proceedings series). Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Estrous cycle;
Reproductive performance; Hormones; Radioimmunoassay;
Environmental factors
17 NAL Call. No.: SF601.T7
Assessment of heat stress in dairy cattle in Papua New Guinea.
Lemerle, C.; Goddard, M.E.
Edinburgh : Scottish Academic Press; 1986 Nov.
Tropical animal health and production v. 18 (4): p. 232-242;
1986 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Papua new guinea; Dairy cattle; Heat stress;
Assessment; Dairy breeds; Environmental temperature
18 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
Automatic cow sorting system.
Carrano, J.A.
Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1994.
Annual meeting /. p. 115-123; 1994. Meeting held on January
31-February 2, 1994, Orlando, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Sorting; Automation; Planning; Farm
dairies; Farm surveys
19 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
An automatic system for auantification of eating and
ruminating activities of dairy cattle housed in stalls.
Beauchemin, K.A.; Zelin, S.; Genner, D.; Buchanan-Smith, J.G.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1989
Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 72 (10): p. 2746-2759. ill;
1989 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Quantitative techniques; Automation;
Measurement; Feeding behavior; Rumination
20 NAL Call. No.: aSF208.A7 1985
Avoiding drug residues in cull dairy cows., [Rev. Dec. 1985]..
United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Washington State
University Washington, D.C.? : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture in
cooperation with the Washington State University,; 1985; A
1.2-D 84.
7 p. : ill. ; 23 x 10 cm. Cover title. Shipping list no.:
86-96-P. Bibliography: p. 7.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Veterinary pharmacology; Dairy cattle; Handling;
Safety measures; Dairy cattle; Inspection; Dairying; United
States; Growth promoting substances
21 NAL Call. No.: SF191.D3
Bedding them down.
Annexstad, J.
Minnetonka, Minn. : Miller Publishing Company; 1990 May.
Dairy herd management v. 27 (5): p. 14-15. ill; 1990 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cow housing
22 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
Behavior and maze learning ability of dairy calves as
influenced by housing, sex and sire.
Arave, C.W.; Lamb, R.C.; Arambel, M.J.; Purcell, D.; Walters,
J.L. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 May.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 33 (2/3): p. 149-163; 1992
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Calves; Dairy cattle; Animal behavior; Learning
ability; Cattle housing; Sex differences; Sires; Environmental
factors; Genetic effects
23 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Behavior of dairy calves reared in hutches as affected by
temperature. Brunsvold, R.E.; Cramer, C.O.; Larsen, H.J.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1985 Jul.
Transactions of the ASAE - American Society of Agricultural
Engineers v. 28 (4): p. 1265-1268; 1985 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Calves; Animal behavior; Cattle
housing; Temperature relations
24 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163
Behavioral and physiological responses to spatial novelty in
dairy cows. Kondo, S.; Hurnik, J.F.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1988 Jun.
Canadian journal of animal science v. 68 (2): p. 339-343; 1988
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Agonistic behavior; Heart rate;
Temperament; Stalls; Housing area
25 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
Behaviour of dairy cows kept in extensive (loose
housing/pasture) or intensive (tie stall) environments. I.
Experimental procedure, facilities, time budgets--diurnal and
seasonal conditions.
Krohn, C.C.; Munksgaard, L.; Jonasen, B.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Jul.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 34 (1/2): p. 37-47; 1992
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Extensive livestock farming;
Intensive livestock farming; Weather; Seasons; Loose housing;
Stalls; Animal behavior; Walking; Feeding preferences
26 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
Behaviour of dairy cows kept in extensive (loose
housing/pasture) or intensive (tie stall) environments. II.
Lying and lying-down behaviour. Krohn, C.C.; Munksgaard, L.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1993 Jun.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 37 (1): p. 1-16; 1993 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Animal behavior; Extensive livestock
farming; Intensive livestock farming
27 NAL Call. No.: DISS F1991016
Behaviour of dairy cows under modern housing and management.
Wierenga, H. K.
1991; 1991.
173 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Summary in Dutch. "Stellingen" ([2]
p.) inserted. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical
references.
Language: English
28 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Behaviour of lame and normal dairy cows in cubicles and in a
straw yard. Singh, S.S.; Ward, W.R.; Lautenbach, K.; Murray,
R.D.
London : The British Veterinary Association; 1993 Aug28.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary
Association v. 133 (9): p. 204-208; 1993 Aug28. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Animal behavior; Lameness; Cattle
housing; Cubicles
29 NAL Call. No.: SF201.R47 1987
Behaviour, production and welfare in relation to animal
density for dairy cows in loose housing.
Krohn, C.C.; Konggaard, S.P.
Copenhagen : Landhusholdningsselkabets Forlag; 1987.
Research in cattle production : Danish status and perspectives
: contribution in honor of A. Neimann-Sorensen, 1 May 1987 /
[B. Bech Andersen ... et al.].. p. 160-168; 1987. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Denmark; Dairy cows; Animal behavior; Animal
welfare; Cow housing; Housing density; Loose housing
30 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55
Biochemical and physiological responses to metabolic stimuli
in Friesian calves of differing genetic merit for milk
production.
Sinnett-Smith, P.A.; Slee, J.; Woolliams, J.A.
Neston, South Wirral, England : British Society of Animal
Production; 1987 Feb.
Animal production v. 44 (pt.1): p. 11-19; 1987 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Calves; Genetic differences; Holstein-friesian;
Metabolites; Insulin; Dairy performance; Milk production;
Sodium propionate; Fasting; Energy balance; Cold stress
31 NAL Call. No.: HD1773.A3N6
A bioeconomic analysis of bovine respiratory disease complex.
Nyamusika, N.; Spreen, T.H.; Rae, O.; Moss, C.
Manhattan, Kan. : Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas
State University; 1994 Jan.
Review of agricultural economics v. 16 (1): p. 39-53; 1994
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Beef cattle; Calf production;
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus; Disease control;
Vaccination; Returns; Economic analysis; Mathematical models;
Mortality; Liveweight gain; Agricultural regions; Probability
Abstract: Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRDC) is an
important disease affecting both beef and dairy cattle
produced in confinement operations. A bioeconomic model of
BRDC is developed for a typical Midwestern feedlot. Using
vaccine efficacy rates found in the veterinary science
literature, significant returns to vaccination are estimated.
32 NAL Call. No.: SF206.B57 1991
BMfLuF, Abt. II A 4 und BAL Gumpenstein kleine
Rinderlaufstalle--Schwerpunkt Milchvieh : Bericht uber die
Tagung "Kleine Rinderlaufstalle--Schwerpunkt Milchvieh", BAL
Gumpenstein, 25.-26. September 1990, A-8952 Irdning [BMfLuF,
Abt. II A 4 and BAL Gumpenstein. small loose boxes for
cattle, an emphasis for dairy cattle].. Bericht uber die
Tagung "Kleine
Rinderlaufstalle--Schwerpunkt Milchvieh" vom 25. bis 26.
September 1990 Kleine Rinderlaufstalle--Schwerpunkt Milchvieh
small loose boxes for cattle, an emphasis for dairy cattle
Bundesanstalt fur Alpenlandische Landwirtschaft Gumpenstein
Gumpenstein, Irdning : Bundesanstalt fur alpenlandische
Landwirtschaft,; 1991. vi, 85 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. Cover title:
Bericht uber die Tagung "Kleine Rinderlaufstalle--Schwerpunkt
Milchvieh" vom 25. bis 26. September 1990. Includes
bibliographical references.
Language: German
Descriptors: Cattle
33 NAL Call. No.: SF221.H3
Bovine somatotropin.
Lee, C.N.
Honolulu : The Service; 1987 Jan.
Hawaii dairy newsletter - Hawaii Cooperative Extension
Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture v. 2 (1): p. 1-5; 1987 Jan.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Lactation; Heat stress
34 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Bovine somatotropin: biotechnology product and social issue in
the United States dairy industry.
Molnar, J.J.; Cummins, K.A.; Nowak, P.F.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1990
Nov. Journal of dairy science v. 73 (11): p. 3084-3093; 1990
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Somatotropin; Milk production; Biotechnology;
Innovation adoption; Economic impact; Dairy industry;
Structural change; Farm structure; Technical progress;
Location of production; Politics; Food safety; Milk supply;
Price support; Subsidies
35 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Bovine somatotropin: review of an emerging animal technolgoy.
Bauman, D.E.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Dec. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (12): p. 3432-3451; 1992
Dec. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Milk yield; Dosage
effects; Literature reviews; Milk composition; Production
costs; Lactation; Economic impact
Abstract: One of the first potential biotechnology products
for animal production is bST. Research in the technology of
bST has involved scientists and support from federal agencies,
universities, and private industry. As a consequence of this
extensive cooperation, more than 1000 bST studies have been
conducted, which involved over 20,000 dairy cows, and results
have been confirmed by scientists throughout the world. This
quantity of published research is unprecedented for a new
technology and greater than most dairy technologies in use. In
contrast to steroids, bST is a protein hormone. Milk yield and
persistency responses to bST have been observed for all dairy
breeds examined. Quality of management is the major factor
affecting magnitude of milk response to bST. The mechanism of
action of bST involves a series of orchestrated changes in the
metabolism of body tissues so that more nutrients can be used
for milk synthesis. it is these coordinated changes that allow
the arrival to achieve an increased milk yield while remaining
normal and healthy. Bioenergetic studies demonstrated that
bST-supplemented animals are not stressed. Similarly, there
are no adverse health effects from bST even under poor
management conditions. Composition of milk (fat, protein,
lactose, cholesterol, minerals, and vitamins) is not
substantially altered when bST is used and does not differ in
manufacturing characteristics. Public perception is of
paramount importance bST or any new technology is to be
effectively implemented. New technology must be understood and
perceived as safe and beneficial both by farmers, who would
utilize it, and consumers, who would purchase the dairy
products. With bST use, a unit of milk is produced with less
feed and protein supplement and with a reduction in animal
excreta (manure, urine, and methane). Nationally, the use of
bST simply reinforces, but does not fundamentally change,
dairy industry trends of increased milk yield per cow, reduced
number of cows, and decl
36 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Calculating required dairy manure storage volume.
Moore, J.A.; Baker, E.S.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1985 Mar.
Transactions of the ASAE - American Society of Agricultural
Engineers v. 28 (2): p. 547-550. ill; 1985 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle manure; Dairy cattle; Storage equipment;
Manure spreading
37 NAL Call. No.: SF239.I45 1985
Calf care and raising young stock., [Rev.].
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1985.
Illinois-Iowa dairy handbook / University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign [and] Iowa State University at Ames,
Cooperative Extension Service. 49 p. ill; 1985. Hoard's
Dairyman, 1982.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Calves; Cattle husbandry; Calf
housing; Animal feeding; Animal health
38 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.O5O5
Calf hutches for dairy calves.
Richardson, C.W.
Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1991 Feb.
OSU extension facts - Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma
State University v.): 4 p.; 1991 Feb.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Calf housing; Disease prevention;
Animal health
39 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
California dairy corral manger mister installation.
Shultz, T.A.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 88-4056): 8 p. ill; 1988. Paper
presented at the 1988 Summer Meeting of the American Society
of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cow housing; Fence lines; Mangers;
Mists; Design; Installations; Heat stress; Cooling
40 NAL Call. No.: HD1401.A47
Canadian dairy policy and the returns to federal dairy cattle
research. Fox, G.; Roberts, B.; Brinkman, G.L.
Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier, c1986-; 1992 Feb.
Agricultural economics : the journal of the International
Association of Agricultural Economists v. 6 (3): p. 267-285;
1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Canada; Cabt; Dairy cattle; Dairy research;
Federal government; Research support; Supply functions;
Returns; Price policy; Time series; Price elasticities
Abstract: The economic surplus approach is used to estimate
the returns to federal investments in dairy cattle research in
Canada. A national supply function is estimated using time
series data. Lagged research expenditures are included as
explanatory variables in the model, facilitating the
calculation of marginal as well as average benefits from
research. Simulation analysis is used to study the effects of
product market distortions associated with Canadian dairy
policy as well as of the marginal excess burden on the rates
of return to research and on the distribution of research
benefits. Returns were found to be high at the margin.
Distortions in the product market had a small effect on the
overall returns to dairy cattle research but had a large
impact on the distribution of research benefits. Rate of
return estimates were found to be indicative of
underinvestment even when the marginal excess burden was taken
into account.
41 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R3224
A case of teat tramping in dairy cows.
Luescher, U.A.; McKeown D.B.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Apr.
The Canadian veterinary journal v. 30 (4): p. 356; 1989 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Teats; Injuries; Behavior problems;
Cow housing
42 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Cesarean section in dairy cattle: a study of risk factors.
Barkema, H.W.; Schukken, Y.H.; Guard, C.L.; Brand, A.; Weyden,
G.C. van der Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992
Feb.
Theriogenology v. 37 (2): p. 489-506; 1992 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Caesarean section; Dystocia; Risk;
Incidence; Beef bulls; Sires; Lactation number; Age at first
calving; Cattle breeds; Calving interval; Gestation period;
Dry period; Heifers
Abstract: Cesarean sections were studied on 35 Dutch dairy
farms using data collected through a routine herd health and
production control program. Over a period of 8 years and 9
months there were 198 cesarean sections out of a total of
15,051 calvings. The 198 cesarean sections were compared with
a referent group of 841 calvings that was randomly selected
from the original 15,051 calvings. A population-based, case-
referent study design was used to investigate risk factors for
cesarean section. Risk factors for cesarean section consisted
of first parity, single male calf, long gestation period, long
interval between first service and conception, long dry
period, sired by a bull of double-muscled structure or
Piedmont bull, under 730 days of age at first calving, and
having a previous cesarean section. A short dry period and a
short gestation were protective factors.
43 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Changes in fat and protein concentrations in farms with high
milk production. Agabriel, C.; Coulon, J.B.; Marty, G.;
Bonaiti, B.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Mar. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (3): p. 734-741; 1993 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Milk composition; Dairy farms; Milk
fat; Milk protein; Dairy herds; Milk production; Seasonal
fluctuations
Abstract: Seventy-six dairy farms composed of high producing
(6200 to 8800 kg/yr) Montbeliarde cows that were fed hay-based
rations were included in a detailed survey involving the herd
and the farm structure, quality of forage, winter and summer
feeding practices, and genetic characteristics (breeding value
and herd effect for milk production, fat concentration, and
protein concentration). These data permitted analysis of the
variations of milk composition among farms. The mean annual
fat and protein concentrations varied greatly among farms in
spite of the homogeneity of the farm sample with regard to
milk produced, breed, and type of winter roughage. Such
variability results essentially from environmental factors.
When farms were classified according to their level of herd
effect (fat or protein concentrations), 1) protein
concentration variations were greater in winter and linked to
different feed characteristics (hay quality, type of
concentrate), and 2) variations in fat concentration among
farm groups were as marked, if not more so, in summer than in
winter. These variations are only partly linked to feeding
practices that are beneficial or detrimental to fat
concentration (presence of sugar beet in the ration,
concentrate distribution method). No correlation occurred
between fat and protein herd effects. Therefore, these two
variables may be controlled independently by manipulating
environmental factors (especially feeding factors).
44 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Clinical mastitis in cows treated with sometribove
(recombinant bovine somatotropin) and its relationship to milk
yield.
White, T.C.; Madsen, K.S.; Hintz, R.L.; Sorbet, R.H.; Collier,
R.J.; Hard, D.L.; Hartnell, G.F.; Samuels, W.A.; Kerchove, G.
de; Adriaens, F. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association; 1994 Aug. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (8): p.
2249-2260; 1994 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Europe; Cabt; Dairy cows; Bovine
mastitis; Somatotropin; Milk yield; Lactation stage; Animal
welfare; Genetic effects; Risk; Literature reviews
Abstract: Effect of sometribove (methionyl bovine
somatotropin) on mastitis in 15 full lactation trials (914
cows) in Europe and the US and 70 short-term studies (2697
cows) in eight countries was investigated. In full lactation
studies, sometribove (500 mg/2 wk) was given for 252 d,
commencing 60 d postpartum. Although though herds varied
considerably, incidence of clinical mastitis within a herd was
similar for cows receiving control and sometribove treatments.
Relative risk analyses indicated no treatment effect, and
percentage of mastitis during treatment was similar for
control and sometribove groups. A positive linear relationship
existed between peak milk yield and mastitis incidence
(percentage of cows contracting mastitis or cases per 100 cow
days); sometribove treatment did not alter this relationship.
Increases in mastitis related to milk yield increase from
sometribove or related to genetic selection were similar. When
expressed per unit of milk, mastitis incidence declined
slightly as milk yield increased; this relationship was not
altered by sometribove. No effect on clinical mastitis was
observed in 70 commercial herds utilizing sometribove for 84
d. However, effects were significant for stage of lactation
and milk yield. Overall, studies represented a wide range of
research and commercial situations demonstrating that
sometribove had no effect on incidence of clinical mastitis
during the lactation of treatment. Furthermore, sometribove
did not alter typical relationships between milk yield or herd
factors and incidence of clinical mastitis.
45 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
A clinical syndrome in imported cows subjected to
environmental stress in Sudan.
Suliman, H.B.; Bkhiet, H.A.; Fagiri, I.
London : The Association; 1989 Aug26.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary
Association v. 125 (9): p. 240; 1989 Aug26. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sudan; Dairy cattle; Heat stress; Pneumonia;
Summer; Mortality; Symptoms; Pathology
46 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
A comparative physiological and behavioral study of freeze and
hot-iron branding using dairy cows.
Lay, D.C. Jr; Friend, T.H.; Bowers, C.L.; Grissom, K.K.;
Jenkins, O.C. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal
Science; 1992 Apr. Journal of animal science v. 70 (4): p.
1121-1125; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Branding; Pain; Heart rate; Blood
plasma; Hydrocortisone; Behavioral resistance; Animal welfare
Abstract: A public debate has recently arisen, largely
surrounding the issue of pain, over whether freeze or hot-iron
branding should be the preferred method of permanently
identifying cattle. This study addressed that question by
quantifying the following accepted measures of distress and
pain over a 25-min sampling period: elevated heart rate,
concentrations of cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine,
and escape-avoidance reactions and vocalizations. Twenty-four
dairy cows (15 Holsteins and 9 Jerseys) were assigned to one
of three treatments: freeze-branded (F), hot-iron-branded (H),
or sham-branded (S), in which a room-temperature brander was
applied. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations
showed no discernible trends. Plasma cortisol concentrations
were elevated in the F and H cows from 5.5 min to 25.5 min
postbranding (P = .04). Heart rate, analyzed as a proportion
of the prebranding mean, showed that H cows had a greater,
more acute, response than did F cows (P = .04), which
exhibited a more prolonged response (P = .07). No cows
vocalized during branding; however, H cows had a greater
escape-avoidance reaction toward branding than did the F and S
cows. Both methods of branding produced elevated heart rates
and cortisol concentrations indicative of pain sensations.
Because the cows exhibited a greater escape-avoidance reaction
and heart rate proportions to hot-iron branding, freeze
banding would be preferable to hot-iron branding when
feasible.
47 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
A comparison of bedding material for dairy cows--a case study.
Visser, R.Q.
Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1994.
Annual meeting /. p. 313-318; 1994. Meeting held on January
31-February 2, 1994, Orlando, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Africa; Cabt; Dairy cows; Litter; Animal
welfare; Cubicles; Hygiene; Sand; Calcrete; Maize byproducts;
Covers
48 NAL Call. No.: 8 P832J
Complete rations containing coarsely chopped or ground hay for
dairy cows in confinement vs. conventional grazing.
Randel, P.F.
Rio Piedras, R.R. : University of Puerto Rico, Agricultural
Experiment Station; 1991 Jul.
The Journal of agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico v.
75 (3): p. 241-252; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Puerto Rico; Dairy cows; Cattle breeds; American
brown swiss; Holstein-friesian; Complete feeds; Feed intake;
Feed supplements; Restricted feeding; Unrestricted feeding;
Liveweight; Milk yield
49 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Compressed baled alfalfa hay for primiparous and multiparous
dairy cows. Beauchemin, K.A.; Rode, L.M.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1994
Apr. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (4): p. 1003-1012; 1994
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Alfalfa hay; Compaction; Mastication;
Digestibility; Milk yield; Body weight; Nutrient intake; Milk
composition; Lactation number; Energy balance; Rumination;
Transit time
Abstract: Compressed baled alfalfa hay was fed to cows, and
the effects productivity, chewing activities, and digestion
were measured using a replicated 4 X 4 Latin square design.
Cows received second-cutting alfalfa hay (20% CP; 40% NDF)
from either compressed or standard small rectangular bales at
two forage to concentrate ratios (35:65 and 65:35, DM basis).
Compressed hay did not affect milk yield, although milk fat
content was higher (2.90 vs. 2.68%). Higher concentrate diets
increased milk yield (32.2 vs. 28.3 kg/d), lowered milk fat
(2.66 vs. 2.91%), and increased milk protein 3.16 vs. 2.99%)
and lactose (5.06 vs. 4.99%) with no interaction between
concentrate proportion and hay type. Cows fed compressed bales
spent less time eating per kilogram of DM and NDF consumed
than cows fed standard bales, but rumination time was
unaffected by forage processing. For cows fed both types of
hay, digestibilities of DM, ADF, and NDF were similar; ruminal
liquid out-flow rates also were similar, but rate of
particulate passage from the reticulorumen was greater for
cows receiving compressed hay. Compressing alfalfa hay did not
adversely affect forage quality but increased the ease of
shipping and handling and minimized storage space
requirements. This process may be beneficial when higher milk
fat content is desirable or when cows have limited time to
consume forage.
50 NAL Call. No.: 8 P832J
Confinement feeding of dairy cows based on stargrass as green
chopped fodder or hay.
Randel, P.F.; Fernandez-van Cleve, J.
Mayaguez : University of Puerto Rico, Agricultural Experiment
Station; 1988 Apr.
The Journal of agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico v.
72 (2): p. 231-246; 1988 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Puerto Rico; Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian; Brown
swiss; Feed intake; Green fodders; Hay; Unrestricted feeding;
Milk production; Feed composition tables
51 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Continuous computer acquisition of feed and water intakes,
chewing, reticular motility, and ruminal pH of cattle.
Dado, R.G.; Allen, M.S.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Jun. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (6): p. 1589-1600; 1993
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Feed intake; Mastication;
Deglutition; Water intake; Measurement; Instruments; Computer
hardware; Computer software; Rumen; Ph
Abstract: The monitoring of feeding, chewing, and ruminal
activity was integrated into one data acquisition system for
continuous measurement of 12 dairy cows. Feed mangers were
hung from single-point load cells for measurement of feed
disappearance from individual stalls. Water flow meters,
inserted in supply lines for each stall, generated pulse
output for electronic summation of water intake. Jaw movements
were detected with a water-filled tube connected to a pressure
transducer under the cow's jaw to determine chewing activity.
Similar tubes were used to detect contractions in the
reticulum. Ruminal pH was monitored continuously with an
electrode and pH transmitter. All signals were processed and
recorded on a microcomputer using commercially available
computer hardware and software. One file was written for each
cow monitored. Data were interpreted using algorithms
developed with SAS software. Two studies were conducted with
10 lactating cows to evaluate the performance of acquisition
hardware, protocols, and interpretation algorithms. Use of
only one algorithm to interpret behavior of many cows
sacrificed accuracy of bout time borders for some individual
cows. Nonetheless, high correlations (r greater than or equal
to .85) between computer-interpreted and manually determined
variables indicated that performance of the acquisition system
was acceptable. With continuous measurement of many cow
feeding variables, a more complete understanding of dietary
effects on digestive function and performance is possible.
52 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 N811NC
Cool cows can conceive.
Washburn, S.P.
Raleigh, N.C. : North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service;
1989 Apr. North Carolina dairy extension newsletter. p. 4-5;
1989 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Summer; Conception rate
53 NAL Call. No.: SF191.D3
Cool cows equal persistent production.
Sauber, C.M.
Minnetonka, Minn. : Miller Publishing Company; 1989 May.
Dairy herd management v. 26 (5): p. 20-24, 26; 1989 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Florida; New York; Texas;
Arizona; Dairy herds; Heat stress; Cooling systems
54 NAL Call. No.: 6 AR44
Cool dairy cows more productive.
Kingdon, L.B.
Phoenix, Ariz. : Elliott L. Cushman; 1985 Jun.
Arizona farmer-stockman v. 64 (6): p. 11; 1985 Jun.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Dairy cows; Evaporative coolers; Milk
production
55 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 N811NC
Cooling cows with sprinklers and fans.
Knott, F.N.
Raleigh, N.C. : North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service;
1988 May. North Carolina dairy extension newsletter. p. 3;
1988 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Air conditioning; Fans
56 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
Cooling ponds and milk quality.
Bray, D.R.; DeLorenzo, M.A.; Elvinger, F.C.; Beede, D.K.;
Shearer, J.K.; Reed, P.A.; Boosinger, J.
Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1989.
Annual meeting - National Mastitis Council, Inc (28th): p.
188-197; 1989. Meeting held on February 9-11, 1989, Tampa,
Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Dairy cows; Heat stress; Cooling; Ponds;
Milk quality; Bovine mastitis; Water quality
57 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Correlation of indices of stress with intensity of electrical
shock for cows. Lefcourt, A.M.; Kahl, S.; Akers, R.M.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1986
Mar. Journal of dairy science v. 69 (3): p. 833-842; 1986 Mar.
Literature review. Includes 45 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Stress; Shock; Electric current;
Animal behavior; Milk yield; Correlation analysis
58 NAL Call. No.: aHD1401.J68
Cost, supply, and farm structure: a pedagogical note.
Teigen, L.D.
Washington, D.C : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research
Service : [Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., distributor], 1987-;
1993.
Journal of agricultural economics research v. 45 (1): p.
27-32; 1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Dairy farms; Production costs;
Production functions; Marginal analysis; Structural change;
Economic dualism; Livestock numbers
Abstract: Starting with an individual firm and its quadratic
production function, this paper derives all related functions:
marginal and average cost, supply, profit, and input demand.
Since derivatives in other functions correspond to parameters
of the quadratic, the results generalize. Explicit aggregation
from firm to market shows that properly specified aggregate
functions depend on firm numbers. To illustrate the results,
marginal and average cost functions for several dairy farms
are drawn to scale, noting that large farms get more output
per cow than small farms. Juxtaposing the cost curves with
trends in dairy farms by size shows the link between firm-
level profit and structural change.
59 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Cow sensitivity to electricity during milking.
Aneshansley, D.J.; Gorewit, R.C.; Price, L.R.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (10): p. 2733-2741; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Electricity; Animal behavior;
Electric current; Milking rate; Milk yield; Milk composition;
Lactation number; Residual milk; Blood serum; Hydrocortisone;
Animal welfare
Abstract: Alternating currents were delivered to lactating
cattle through the milk during milking. Electrodes were placed
at the top of each short milk tube and jointed for one
electrical contact. A metal grid on which the cows' rear
hooves stood during milking was the second contact. Constant
voltages (0 to 16 V) applied to contacts showed first
lactation cows to be more sensitive than multiple lactation
cows. First lactation cows kicked milking machines at 8 V
(currents > 5 mA), and multiple lactation cows kicked at 16 V
(currents > 8 mA). At lower voltages, there were no consistent
significant differences in milking duration, milk yield, or
composition for primary or residual milk. Application of
constant currents of 5 mA for first lactation cows and 8 mA
for multiple lactation cows produced no undesired behaviors
but did result in some differences in production variables.
Milking duration decreased during application of constant
current to first lactation cows. Blood cortisol monitored in
the multiple lactation cows during trial 2 showed a
significant increase during milking but was equivalent or less
during application of current. This study demonstrates that
currents of 5 mA or less, delivered through the milk line, did
not produce any direct economic effect. To produce this
current, voltages on the milk pipe line would have to be in
excess of 125 V (obvious human safety hazard) or in excess of
5 V on the claw of the milking cluster.
60 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Cow-calf behaviour in relation to first suckling.
Ventorp, M.; Michanek, P.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 Jul.
Research in veterinary science v. 51 (1): p. 6-10; 1991 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Calves; Newborn animals; Suckling;
Postpartum period; Feeding behavior; Animal behavior; Teats;
Time
Abstract: For the newborn calf, the length of time between
birth and when (and if) it manages to obtain its first suckle
plays an important role in the acquisition of passive
immunity. In a study of 21 pairs of dairy cows and their
calves, loose housed in individual calving boxes, the calves
suckled for the first time at a median of four hours, nine
minutes after birth. Nineteen suckled within 12 hours, with a
range between 50 minutes and 11 hours, 44 minutes. Calves that
were active early usually suckled early. However, irrespective
of the start of a calf's activities, long pauses while teat
seeking played a decisive role in the time of the first
suckling. Factors which affected the periodicity and length of
these pauses would therefore greatly influence the time of the
first suckling.
61 NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A35
Crack for cows?.
Kimbrell, A.
Englewood, Colo. : American Humane Association, Animal
Protection Division; 1994.
Advocate v. 12 (1): p. 22-23; 1994.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Animal welfare
62 NAL Call. No.: S67.E22
Daily temperature and reproductive efficiency in the Southeast
Louisiana Experiment Station dairy herd: 1983-1988.
Ingraham, R.H.; French, D.D.; Morgan, E.B.; Anthony, T.Y.;
Kappel, L.C. Baton Rouge?, La. : The Station; 1988.
Annual progress report - Southeast Research Station, Louisiana
Agricultural Experiment Station. p. 209-215; 1988.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Dairy cows; Conception rate; Heat
stress
63 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Dairy animal welfare: current and needed research.
Albright, J.L.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1987
Dec. Journal of dairy science v. 70 (12): p. 2711-2731; 1987
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Animal welfare; Conferences; Dairy
research; Animal behavior
64 NAL Call. No.: SF196.U6D35 1993
Dairy care practices.
Bath, Donald L.; Stull, Carolyn; DePeters, Ed; Beall, Gary,
Oakland, Calif.? : Dairy Workgroup : University of California,
Cooperative Extension, [1993?]; 1993.
i, 48 p. ; 28 cm. (Animal care series). Cover title.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42) and index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Dairy farming
65 NAL Call. No.: SF61.M35 1988
Dairy cattle., 3rd ed.
Leaver, J.D.
London : Bailliere Tindall; 1988.
Management and welfare of farm animals. p. 13-45. ill; 1988.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: United Kingdom; Dairy cattle; Cattle husbandry;
Milk production; Animal welfare; Cattle housing; Animal
feeding; Reproduction; Disease control
66 NAL Call. No.: SF201.R47 1987
Dairy cattle production systems and management systems.
Thysen, I.; Kristensen, E.S.; Sorensen, J.T.; Ostergaard, V.
Copenhagen : Landhusholdningsselkabets Forlag; 1987.
Research in cattle production : Danish status and perspectives
: contribution in honor of A. Neimann-Sorensen, 1 May 1987 /
[B. Bech Andersen ... et al.].. p. 169-182; 1987. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Denmark; Dairy herds; Dairy cows; Cow housing;
Farm dairies; Cattle husbandry; Animal feeding; Costs;
Grazing; Animal research
67 NAL Call. No.: HV4702.H85
The dairy cow debacle: the government mandates face branding.
Fox, M.W.
Washington, D.C. : The Humane Society of the United States;
1986. The Humane Society of the United States News v. 31 (3):
p. 4-9. ill; 1986.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dairy cows; Faces; Branding; Usda;
Societies; Animal welfare; Legislation
68 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J824
A dairy farm survey of antibiotic treatment practices, residue
control methods and associations with inhibitors in milk.
McEwen, S.A.; Meek, A.H.; Black, W.D.
Ames, Iowa : International Association of Milk, Food, and
Environmental Sanitarians; 1991 Jun.
Journal of food protection v. 54 (6): p. 454-459; 1991 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Canada; Milk; Antibiotic residues; Farm surveys;
Farm management; Control methods; Inhibitors; Food
contamination; Testing; Medicated feeds; Regression analysis
Abstract: A mail survey was conducted of dairy producers who
had received a positive bulk milk antibiotic residue test
result in a two-year period (1987-88) of government monitoring
(case farms) and farms that were negative for all tests
conducted in the same period (control farms). Farmers were
asked to complete questionnaires designed to determine dairy
management practices, as well as, antibiotic handling and
residue prevention methods. Using multiple logistic regression
analysis, and adjusting for the size of the milking herd, the
following factors were associated with increased risk of
antibiotic residues in milk: the use of part-time assistance
in milking, use of a milking parlor and increased estimated
frequency of intramammary antibiotic treatments.
Unconditionally, significantly more control farmers used
separate equipment to milk treated cows rather than simply
attempting to divert milk from the bulk tank. Controls were
also more likely to vary the withholding time of milk for
different drugs. Other significant differences between cases
and controls with respect to residue prevention methods were
observed, however, some of these may have been due to changes
instituted on case farms after the antibiotic residue
violations occurred. For example, significantly more case than
control farmers reported using on-farm residue test kits and
marking of treated animals as residue prevention methods and
more case farmers believed that failure to keep good records
of treatment was an important factor in residue occurrence. No
significant differences were observed in the proportions of
case and control farms that used medicated feed, in the number
of people employed on the farm, or in the general knowledge of
antibiotic residue prevention.
69 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
Dairy free stall bedding systems and udder health.
Britten, A.M.
Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1994.
Annual meeting /. p. 292-299; 1994. Meeting held on January
31-February 2, 1994, Orlando, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cattle husbandry; Hygiene; Udders;
Litter; Cubicles
70 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Dairy herd improvement: meeting the information needs of the
dairy industry through a totally integrated cooperative.
Whittaker, W.G.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1994
Jul. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (7): p. 1992-1998; 1994
Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy herds; Milk production; Information needs;
Grazing; Production costs; Dairy industry; Dairy cooperatives;
Dairy farms; Profitability
Abstract: The New Zealand dairy industry comprises 2.5
million dairy cows milked in 14,600 herds. Dairy herd
improvement has been restructured over the past 8 yr into a
single legal entity operating as a farmer cooperative company.
The cooperative encompasses the national milk records
operations; a single dairy records processing center with an
associated national animal database; the development,
management, and calculation of sire and cow evaluations; and
the deployment of scientific and technical resources for
research and development of products and services. Also
included is 1) the operation of the country's largest progeny-
testing program, an artificial breeding, semen, and
inseminating service commanding 80% of the artificial
insemination market, and 2) the management of the industry's
farm extension service. The extension service and the marginal
cost of developing and operating sire and cow evaluations are
funded through an industry grant. All other operations,
including farm management information, are fully funded by
users. The totally integrated operation allows cost-effective
utilization of personnel, facilities, and equipment. Industry
management information is made available to the industry,
universities, and research organizations without charge.
71 NAL Call. No.: SF239.I45 1985
Dairy housing and equipment handbook., [Rev.].
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1985.
Illinois-Iowa dairy handbook / University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign [and] Iowa State University at Ames,
Cooperative Extension Service. 113 p. ill., maps; 1985.
(MWPS-7), 4th ed., 1985.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dairy cattle; Cow housing; Calf housing;
Dairy equipment; Farm equipment; Handbooks
72 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 IN28
Dairy management practices of bovines in key village and non-
key village areas around Karnal.
Agarwal, S.B.; Sharma, K.N.S.
New Delhi : Indian Dairy Association; 1986 Mar.
The Indian journal of dairy science v. 29,i.e.39 (1): p. 6-12;
1986 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Haryana; Cows; Buffaloes; Dairy farming; Milking;
Animal feeding; Animal breeding; Animal housing
73 NAL Call. No.: SF206.I58 1994
Dairy systems for the 21st century proceedings of the Third
International Dairy Housing Conference, 2-5 February, 1994,
Orlando, Florida.. Dairy systems for the Twenty-first century
Bucklin, Ray
American Society of Agricultural Engineers
International Dairy Housing Conference 3rd : 1994 : Orlando,
Fla. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers,; 1994. xv, 858 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. Includes
bibliographical references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Milking parlors
74 NAL Call. No.: TH4911.F37
Dairy unit for the Falkland Islands.
Watson, G.A.L.
Aberdeen : Scottish Farm Buildings Investigation Unit; 1985
Jul. Farm building progress (81): p. 27-28. ill; 1985 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Falkland Islands; Dairy cattle; Cow housing;
Building construction
75 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Dairy youngstock environment in Pennsylvania--a survey.
Heinrichs, A.J.; Graves, R.E.; Kiernan, N.E.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1985.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 85-4548): 17 p.; 1985. Paper presented
at the 1985 Winter Meeting of the American Society of
Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Dairy cattle; Calves; Heifers;
Housing; Farming; Practice
76 NAL Call. No.: TH4911.F37
Darnaway Farm Visitor Centre, Forres.
Sommer, M.
Aberdeen : Scottish Farm Buildings Investigation Unit; 1985
Jul. Farm building progress (81): p. 17-21. ill., maps; 1985
Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Scotland; Dairy farming; Visitor centers; Cow
housing; Demonstration farms
77 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Data modeling for database design in production and health
monitoring systems for dairy herds.
Lescourret, F.; Genest, M.; Barnouin, J.; Chassagne, M.; Faye,
B. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Apr. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (4): p. 1053-1062; 1993
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Dairy herds; Databases; Monitoring;
Milk production; Models; Life history; Cattle feeding; Farm
management
Abstract: Monitoring systems, increasingly used in dairy
herds, require carefully designed databases. Database design
involves modeling, which is generally not treated in papers
dealing with such monitoring systems. We present general rules
of data modeling based on the analysis of the semantic
structure of information and their application to the
construction of five basic data models. Such models are not
database structures; a single model can be translated into
different database structures. Modeling choices related to
utilization requirements are explained. The models provide a
sound basis for database schemes that prevent redundancy and
support various applications in production and health
monitoring systems for dairy herds and refer to information
sets at either the cow or the farm level, including unique
life history features, individual morbidity, production and
reproduction performance, herd management systems, and feeding
practices. The efficiency of the models is illustrated by
their contribution to a real database; emphasis is on their
integration into a model, on the ease of translation into
relational database tables, and on subsequent database
performance.
78 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Delays in drinking due to AC voltages.
Gorewit, R.C.; Aneshansley, D.J.; Ludington, D.C.; Pellerin,
R.A. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 88-3524): 16 p. ill; 1988. Paper
presented at the 1988 Winter Meeting of the American Society
of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Housing; Stray voltage; Drinking
behavior
79 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82
Design loads for slatted floors in cattle buildings.
Dumelow, J.; Sharples, T.
London : Academic Press; 1993 Jun.
Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 55 (2): p.
171-175; 1993 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle housing; Dairy cows; Slatted floors;
Loads; Design
Abstract: The live loads exerted by large dairy cows on a
reinforced concrete cattle slat were measured. The horizontal
and vertical design live loads obtained from analysis of the
data were both slightly higher than current BSI
recommendations.
80 NAL Call. No.: SF55.P3A5
Design of an ideal stanchion type commercial dairy barn for
Bangladesh. Wallah, M.W.
Mymensingh, Bangladesh : Bangladesh Animal Husbandry
Association; 1986. Bangladesh journal of animal science v. 15
(1/2): p. 62-68. ill; 1986. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Bangladesh; Dairy cows; Cow housing; Barns;
Design; Herd size
81 NAL Call. No.: SF221.D342
Design of dairy cow housing systems in the United Kingdom.
Sumner, J.
Ames, Iowa : International Association of Milk, Food and
Environmental Sanitarians, Inc; 1991 Nov.
Dairy, food and environmental sanitation v. 11 (11): p.
650-653; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uk; Dairy cows; Cow housing; Design; Trends;
Cubicles
82 NAL Call. No.: SF779.5.A1B6
The design of feeding barriers and managers and its effect on
incidence of injuries and feed wastage.
Cermak, J.
Stillwater, Okla. : American Association of Bovine
Practitioners; 1988 Nov. The Bovine practitioner (23): p.
74-75; 1988 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heifers; Dairy cows; Beef bulls; Managers; Animal
feeding; Barriers; Design; Injuries; Incidence; Feeds; Wastage
83 NAL Call. No.: SF779.5.A1B6
Design of slip-resistant surfaces for dairy cattle buildings.
Cermak, J.
Stillwater, Okla. : American Association of Bovine
Practitioners; 1988 Nov. The Bovine practitioner (23): p.
76-78; 1988 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Cattle housing; Surfaces; Floors;
Slips; Prevention
84 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
Designing dairy facilities to assist in management and to
enhance animal environment.
Bickert, W.G.
Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1994.
Annual meeting /. p. 232-240; 1994. Meeting held on January
31-February 2, 1994, Orlando, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Milking parlors; Structural design; Planning;
Barns; Cattle husbandry; Farm equipment
85 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27P
Designing dairy free stalls.
Gamroth, M.J.; Moore, J.A.
Pullman, Wash. : The Service; 1987 Sep.
Extension bulletin - Washington State University, Cooperative
Extension Service (321): 4 p. ill; 1987 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Dairy cows; Stalls; Cow housing
86 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Designing secondary electrical systems to minimize neutral-to-
earth voltage. Surbrook, T.C.; Reese, N.D.; Althouse, J.R.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 88-3526): 8 p.; 1988. Paper presented
at the 1988 Winter Meeting of the American Society of
Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle housing; Dairy cows; Stray voltage; Animal
behavior
87 NAL Call. No.: SF91.I5 1988
Developing improved designs of skid-resistant floors for dairy
cattle buildings.
Dumelow, J.; Albutt, R.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1988. Livestock environment III : proceedings of
the Third International Livestock Environment Symposium, April
25-27, 1988, Constellation Hotel, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. p.
163-170. ill; 1988. (ASAE publication ; 1-88). Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: United Kingdom; Farm dairies; Floors; Concrete;
Surface roughness; Lameness; Slip resistant finishes;
Instrumentation; Simulation
88 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Developmental changes in embryonic resistance to adverse
effects of maternal heat stress in cows.
Ealy, A.D.; Drost, M.; Hansen, P.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (10): p. 2899-2905; 1993
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Embryos; Embryonic development; Heat
stress; Body temperature; Heat tolerance; Embryo mortality
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine
whether bovine embryos become more resistant to deleterious
effects of maternal heat stress as early embryonic development
progresses. Superovulated, lactating Holstein cows were bred
by AI and assigned to be heat stressed on d 1, 3, 5, or 7 of
pregnancy (d 0 = day of estrus) or not heat stressed
(control). Embryos were retrieved from the uterus on d 8 and
evaluated for viability and stage of development. Compared
with embryos of control cows, embryos of cows receiving heat
stress on d 1 had decreased viability and development.
Maternal heat stress on other days had no detrimental effect
on embryonic viability or stage of development. Bovine embryos
become more resistant to adverse effects of maternal heat
stress as pregnancy progresses; substantial resistance
develops by d 3. This information may be useful in design of
environmental modification systems that provide cooling at
critical periods of gestation to enhance pregnancy rates
during summer in hot climates.
89 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163
Diurnal patterns of estrous behavior of dairy cows housed in a
free stall. Amyot, E.; Hurnik, J.F.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1987 Sep.
Canadian journal of animal science v. 67 (3): p. 605-614; 1987
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Estrous behavior; Diurnal variation;
Illumination; Cow housing; Estrus; Detection
90 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Diurnal temperature patterns of early lactating cows with
milking parlor cooling.
Araki, C.T.; Nakamura, R.M.; Kam, L.W.G.; Clarke, N.L.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1985
Jun. Journal of dairy science v. 68 (6): p. 1496-1501. ill;
1985 Jun. Includes 10 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Body temperature; Cooling; Milking
parlors; Milking interval
91 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Dry period heat stress relief effects on prepartum
progesterone, calf birth weight, and milk production.
Wolfenson, D.; Flamenbaum, I.; Berman, A.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1988
Mar. Journal of dairy science v. 71 (3): p. 809-818; 1988 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Dry period; Prepartum
period; Progesterone; Milk production; Calves; Birth weight
92 NAL Call. No.: HV4804.A3A4
Dying for the dairy.
Petersfield [Hampshire] : Compassion in World Farming; 1987
Jun. Agscence : news & comments on agriculture and the
environment (88): p. 2-3. ill; 1987 Jun.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Animal health; Pain; Animal welfare;
Disease prevention; Animal husbandry; Somatotropin; Stress
93 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
A dynamic weight logging system for dairy cows.
Ren, J.; Buck, N.L.; Spahr, S.L.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1992 Mar. Transactions of the ASAE v. 35 (2): p.
719-725; 1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Liveweight; Milking parlors; Cattle
weighers; Computer techniques
Abstract: A scale for automatically weighing dairy cows was
developed and tested. The scale consists of a weigh bridge
supported by two load bars placed in the return alley of a
milking parlor. When a cow walks over the weigh bridge, each
load bar generates an analog signal. A summing amplifier
combines the signals. An ADC-1 data acquisition device
digitizes and transmits the amplifier output to the serial
port of a computer. A program written in C records the cow's
weight and identification number. At the end of milking,
another program processes the recorded raw data and computes
the measured weight of each cow detected.
94 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Economic, political, and global demands on the United States
dairy industry. Olson, K.E.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (10): p. 3133-3142; 1993
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Milk production; International trade;
Animal welfare; Food safety; Consumer attitudes; Dairy
technology; Technology transfer; Dairy industry; Trends
Abstract: Since 1970, average milk production per cow in the
US has increased by 2321 kg. During this time, the number of
cows has decreased by 2,010,000, and the number of farms with
milk cows is less than one-third the previous level. These
trends are likely to continue. Although increased productivity
has made US producers among the most efficient in the world,
many challenges will emerge in the near future. Reduced
government involvement that is partially due to budget
constraints will contribute to greater price variations than
in the past; international trade may offer new opportunities
for increased sales if current trade negotiations are
successful; and environmental concerns, animal welfare issues,
and consumer preferences will continue to challenge the
industry. Basic and applied research, technology transfer, and
responsible legislation will be needed to assist the industry
in meeting these challenges. Most of all, active producer
participation in setting research priorities and the
legislative agenda is necessary for the industry to progress.
95 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Economic weights for milk yield traits and herd life under
various economic conditions and production quotas.
Harris, B.L.; Freeman, A.E.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Mar. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (3): p. 868-879; 1993 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Linear models; Linear programming;
Dairy traits; Economic impact; Milk prices; Milk production
costs; Quotas; Herd structure
Abstract: A linear programming model was used to derive
economic weights for yield traits and herd life from a farm
system under different milk markets, protein to fat price
ratios, and feed costs. The model allowed optimization of the
system over time, simultaneously optimizing management
resource and capital allocation and optimizing future genetics
of the animal. The change from fluid to manufacturing use of
milk had considerable effect on the economic weights for the
yield traits but little effect on the weights for herd life.
The effect of changes in feed costs was greatest on the
economic weights for herd life. Changes in the protein to fat
price ratio had little effect on the economic weights for milk
carrier yield and herd life but affected the relative
magnitudes for fat and protein yields substantially. Economic
weights were computed with milk carrier quota, fat quota, and
milk carrier and fat quotas, assuming constant herd size and
midwestern prices and costs. Economic weights for the yield
traits under quota were negative. Those for herd life
increased substantially under production quotas. Economic
weights were also computed when enterprise rescaling was taken
into account. The optimum for rescaling the enterprise
depended on the economic severity of the quota system.
96 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163
The effect of assistance at calving, injections of recombinant
bovine somatotropin and jugular catheterization on serum
cortisol and its influence on the GnRH-induced LH response in
postpartum dairy cows. Lefebvre, D.M.; Gallo, G.F.; Block, E.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1990 Jun.
Canadian journal of animal science v. 70 (2): p. 723-726; 1990
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Postpartum interval; Stress;
Reproductive disorders; Somatotropin; Catheters; Cortisol; Lh;
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
97 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effect of drinking water temperature on heat stress of dairy
cows. Stermer, R.A.; Brasington, C.F.; Coppock, C.E.; Lanham,
J.K.; Milam, K.Z. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association; 1986 Feb. Journal of dairy science v. 69 (2): p.
546-551; 1986 Feb. Includes 15 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Chilling; Drinking
water; Temperatures; Body temperature; Respiration rate
98 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
The effect of environment and stage of the oestrous cycle on
the behaviour of diary cows.
Phillips, C.J.C.; Schofield, S.A.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Aug.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 27 (1/2): p. 21-31; 1990
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Estrous cycle; Sexual behavior;
Behavior patterns; Cow housing; Cubicles; Pastures
99 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Effect of environmental heat stress on follicular development
and steroidogenesis in lactating Holstein cows.
Badinga, L.; Thatcher, W.W.; Diaz, T.; Drost, M.; Wolfenson,
D. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1993 Apr.
Theriogenology v. 39 (4): p. 797-810; 1993 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Subtropics; Summer; Shade; Graafian
follicles
Abstract: Lactating Holstein cows were utilized over two
replicate periods (July and September, 1990) to examine the
effect of summer heat stress on follicular growth and
steroidogenesis. On day of synchronized ovulations, cows were
assigned to shade (n = 11) or no shade (n = 12) management
systems. Follicular development was monitored daily by
ultrasonography until ovariectomy on Day 8 post estrus. At
time of ovariectomy, dominant and second largest follicles
were dissected from the ovary. Aromatase activity and steroid
concentrations in dominant and subordinate follicles were
measured. Acute heat stress had no effects on patterns of
growth of first wave dominant and subordinate follicles
between Days 1 and 7 of the cycle. Compared with shaded cows,
the heat stressed cows did not have suppression of medium size
(6 to 9 mm) follicles between Days 5 and 7. A treatment X
follicle interaction was detected (P < 0.01) for follicular
diameter and fluid volume at Day 8. Dominant follicles in
shade were bigger (16.4 > 14.5 mm) and contained more fluid
(1.9 > 1.1 ml) than dominant follicles in no shade.
Conversely, subordinate follicles in no shade were bigger
(10.1 > 7.9 mm) and contained more fluid (0.4 > 0.2 ml) than
subordinate follicles in shade. Concentrations of estradiol in
plasma and follicular fluid were higher (P < 0.01) in July
than in September. Heat stress appears to alter the efficiency
of follicular selection and dominance, and to have adverse
effects on the quality of ovarian follicles.
100 NAL Call. No.: 49 N62
Effect of environmental temperature on major mineral
metabolism of cows during feeding and fasting.
Kume, S.; Shibata, M.; Kurihara, M.; Aii, T.
Tokyo : Nihon Chikusan Gakkai; 1986 Aug.
Nihon Chikusan Gakkai ho; Japanese journal of zootechnical
science v. 57 (8): p. 679-686; 1986 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Feeding; Fasting; Environmental
temperature; Mineral metabolism; Heat stress; Calcium;
Phosphorus; Magnesium
101 NAL Call. No.: SF600.C82
The effect of extra space on the behavior of dairy cows kept
in a cubicle house.
Wierenga, H.K.; Metz, J.H.M.; Hopster, H.
The Hague : Martinus Nijhoff; 1985.
Current topics in veterinary medicine and animal science v.
35: p. 160-170. ill; 1985. Paper presented at the "Seminar on
the Social Space for Domestic Animals," January 10-11, 1985,
Brussels. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cubicles; Animal behavior; Housing
density; Spacing
102 NAL Call. No.: 340.8 IN8
Effect of farm and simulated laboratory cold environmental
conditions on the performance and physiological responses of
lactating dairy cows supplemented with bovine somatotropin
(BST).
Becker, B.A.; Johnson, H.D.; Li, R.; Collier, R.J.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1990.
International journal of biometeorology v. 34 (3): p. 151-156;
1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Lactating females; Somatotropin;
Hormone supplements; Milk production; Milk yield; Milk
composition; Feed intake; Blood chemistry; Cold stress;
Environmental factors; Winter; Farm tests; Laboratory tests
Abstract: A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of
bovine somatotropin (BST) supplementation in twelve lactating
dairy cows maintained in cold environmental conditions. Six
cows were injected daily with 25 mg of BST; the other six were
injected with a control vehicle. Cows were maintained under
standard dairy management during mid-winter for 30 days. Milk
production was recorded twice daily, and blood samples were
taken weekly. Animals were then transferred to environmentally
controlled chambers and exposed to cycling thermoneutral (15
degrees to 20 degrees C) and cycling cold (-5degrees to +5
degrees C) temperatures for 10 days in a split-reversal
design. Milk production, feed and water intake, body weights
and rectal temperatures were monitored. Blood samples were
taken on days 1, 3, 5, 8 and 10 of each period and analyzed
for plasma triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4). cortisol.
insulin and prolactin. Under farm conditions, BST-treated cows
produced 11% more milk than control-treated cows and in
environmentally controlled chambers produced 17.4% more milk.
No differences due to BST in feed or water intake, body
weights or rectal temperatures were found under laboratory
conditions. Plasma T3 and insulin increased due to BST
treatment while no effect was found on cortisol, prolactin or
T4. The results showed that the benefits of BST
supplementation in lactating dairy cows were achieved under
cold environmental conditions.
103 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Effect of heat stress on conception in a dairy herd model
under South African conditions.
Du Preez, J.H.; Terblanche, S.J.; Giesecke, W.H.; Maree, C.;
Welding, M.C. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991
May.
Theriogenology v. 35 (5): p. 1039-1049; 1991 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Africa; Dairy cows; Friesian; Conception
rate; Heat stress; Air temperature; Relative humidity;
Regression analysis; Seasonal variation
Abstract: Three regression models are proposed for predicting
reproduction in a model dairy herd under South African
conditions. Conception rate (CR%) was related to mean monthly
temperature-humidity index (THI) by; CR% = 31.15THI -
0.25THI(2) - 890.2, and first service conception rate (FSCR%)
to THI by; FSCR% = 173.45 - 1.79THI. Conception rate was
related to numerical month of the year (M) by; CR% = 11.86M -
0.82M(2) + 26.36. The relation between mean monthly THI values
and the conception rate of dairy cattle is significant.
Further investigations to test the proposed regression models
under various dairy herd conditions and to improve
reproduction in South African dairy herds are needed.
104 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 On1
Effect of heat stress on conception in a dairy-herd model in
the Natal highlands of South Africa.
Du Preez, J.H.; Willemse, J.J.C.; Ark, H. van
Onderstepoort : Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute,
Agricultural Research Council; 1994 Mar.
The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research v. 61 (1): p.
1-6; 1994 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Africa; Cabt; Dairy cattle; Dairy herds;
Heat stress; Conception rate; Environmental temperature;
Relative humidity; Seasonal variation; Models; Prediction
105 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222
Effect of heat stress on tonic and GnRH-induced gonadotrophin
secretion in relation to concentration of oestradiol in plasma
of cyclic cows. Gilad, E.; Meidan, R.; Berman, A.; Graber, Y.;
Wolfenson, D. Essex, U.K. : Journal of Reproduction and
Fertility; 1993 Nov. Journal of reproduction and fertility v.
99 (2): p. 315-321; 1993 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Lactating females; Heat stress;
Estradiol; Gnrh; Lh; Fsh; Hormone secretion; Estrous cycle
Abstract: Effects of acute and seasonal heat stress on tonic
and GnRH-induced LH and FSH secretion were examined during the
early follicular phase of the oestrous cycle of cows (n = 40).
Prostaglandin F2alpha was injected on day 11 +/- 1 of the
oestrous cycle and on the next day blood samples were
collected at intervals of 15-20 min for 14 h, and i.m.
injection of GnRH was given after 7 h. Treatments compared
were control versus acute heat stress during blood sampling in
winter, and cooled versus chronic heat stress in summer.
Before GnRH injection, chronic heat stress in summer did not
affect basal concentrations of plasma LH, but did lower LH
pulse amplitude. However, in cows with low plasma oestradiol
(1.9 +/- 0.2 pg ml-1), the mean and basal concentrations and
amplitude of tonic LH pulses were reduced by heat stress (3.1,
2.1 and 4.8 versus 1.9, 1.4 and 2.5 ng ml-1, respectively). In
cows with high plasma oestradiol (6.3 + 0.5 pg ml-1), these
parameters were not affected. In chronically heat stressed
cows in summer, GnRH-induced increases in plasma LH and FSH
concentrations were the same as in the cooled controls.
However, in cows with low plasma oestradiol, mean
concentrations of FSH in plasma (31.8 versus 25.5 ng ml-1, the
peak of the GnRH-induced FSH and LH surge (FSH 47.4 versus
35.6 ng ml-1, LH 50.7 versus 37.3 ng ml-1 ) and the shape of
the GnRH-induced FSH and LH curves (treatment by time
interaction) were significantly lower in non-cooled versus
cooled controls. The GnRH-induced increase in LH secretion was
unaffected by chronic heat stress in cows with high
concentrations of oestradiol in plasma. In winter, acute heat
stress depressed the mean concentration of FSH in plasma and
decreased the GnRH-induced release of FSH in cases with low
but not with high concentrations of oestradiol in plasma. The
peak of the GnRH-induced surge of LH in all acutely heat
stressed cows was significantly lower in winter than in
control cows, irrespective of concentrations of oestradiol in
plasma. These results show that heat stress affects the
secretion of gonadotrophins more in cows with low
concentrations of oestradiol than in those with high
concentrations of oestradiol in plasma.
106 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Effect of heat-stress on bovine embryo development in vitro.
Ryan, D.P.; Blakewood, E.G.; Lynn, J.W.; Munyakazi, L.; Godke,
R.A. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science;
1992 Nov. Journal of animal science v. 70 (11): p. 3490-3497;
1992 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Embryo culture; Heat stress;
Embryonic development; Carbon dioxide; Morula; Prostaglandins
Abstract: Chronic elevation of uterine temperature has long
been known to increase embryo mortality in dairy cattle.
Short-term elevation in temperature of mouse embryos to 43
degrees C (acute) has been shown to induce intracellular
production of heat-shock proteins. In this study, in vitro
development of bovine embryos was assessed during short-term
(60 h) coculture with oviduct epithelial cells at 38.6 degrees
C (T1), 40 degrees C (T2), 38.6 degrees C after a prior pulse
treatment (20 min) at 43 degrees C with 5% CO2 (T3), or 38.6
degrees C after a prior pulse treatment (20 min) at 43 degrees
C with 100% CO2 (T4). During incubation, embryos cocultured at
40 degrees C had a greater (P < .05) mean embryo development
score at 36 h than embryos cocultured at 38.6 degrees C. At 60
h of incubation, embryo development scores were greater (P <
.05) for embryos cultured at 38.6 degrees C than for those
cocultured at 40 degrees C. The number of embryos hatched at
60 h was similar after coculture at 38.6 degrees C (T1) or a
prior pulse treatment with 5% CO2 and 43 degrees C (T3), but
the embryo development score at 60 h was greater (P < .05) for
the pulse-treated embryos. Embryos in T4 had greater (P < .05)
embryo development scores than did T1 embryos from 36 through
60 h. Pulse treatment (T4) resulted in a greater (P < .05)
number of hatched embryos at 60 h than T1, T2, and T3. These
results indicate a detrimental effect of a chronic elevation
in temperature that was evident shortly after embryo hatching.
However, an acute rise in temperature at the morula stage
increased the rate of embryo development. This may be
associated with the production of heat-shock proteins that
enabled embryos to tolerate the in vitro stress of the culture
environment.
107 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
Effect of heifer size at mating and calving on milk production
during first lactation.
Thomas, G.W.; Mickan, F.J.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization; 1987.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 27 (4): p.
481-483; 1987. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Victoria; Heifers; Dairy cows; Liveweight; Size;
Calving; Milk production; Lactation; Conception; Mating
108 NAL Call. No.: SF601.T7
Effect of high daytime temperatures on the intake and
utilisation of water in lactating Friesian cows.
Richard, J.I.
Edinburgh : Longman; 1985 Nov.
Tropical animal health and production v. 17 (4): p. 209-217;
1985 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tropics; Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian;
Environmental temperature; Tropical climate; Water intake;
Water excretion; Acclimatization; Laboratory tests; Lactation;
Heat stress
109 NAL Call. No.: SF55.A78A7
Effect of hot environment on Ca and P metabolism in dairy cow.
Kume, S.; Takahashi, S.; Kurihara, M.; Ali, T.
Suweon, Korea : Asian-Australasian Association of Animal
Production Societies; 1989 Sep.
Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences v. 2 (3): p.
259-260; 1989 Sep. Paper presented at the "VII International
Symposium on Ruminant Physiology: Physiological Aspects of
Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants", August 28-September 1,
1989, Sendai, Japan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Mineral metabolism
110 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effect of Re-17 mutant Salmonella typhimurium bacterin toxoid
on clinical coliform mastitis.
McClure, A.M.; Christopher, E.E.; Wolff, W.A.; Fales, W.H.;
Krause, G.F.; Miramonti, J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1994
Aug. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (8): p. 2272-2280; 1994
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Bovine mastitis; Coliform bacteria;
Vaccination; Salmonella typhimurium; Toxoids; Lactation
number; Mortality; Lactation stage; Incidence; Rain;
Streptococcus
Abstract: The objective of this study was to test the
hypothesis that the incidence and severity of clinical
coliform mastitis could be decreased by Re-17 mutant
Salmonella typhimurium bacterin toxoid. Holstein-Friesian cows
from two Arizona dairies were selected for this study based on
July through November projected calving dates; peak lactation
occurred during the period of highest rainfall and peak
environmental stress. The cows were randomly assigned to
either a vaccinate or a control group, and 1292 cows were
paired by herd, parity, calving date, and milk yield. The 646
vaccinates were injected twice during the third trimester of
pregnancy with an Re-17 mutant S. typhimurium bacterin toxoid,
and the 646 controls were not vaccinated. Vaccinated cows had
significantly fewer clinical cases of coliform mastitis with
positive coliform cultures and had lower culling rate from
coliform mastitis than control cows during the first 5 mo of
lactation. During the same period, the mortality rate from
clinical coliform mastitis was 75% less in the vaccinated
clinical coliform mastitic group than in the control group.
Incidence of mastitis increased with advancing parity. The
Re-17 mutant Salmonella typhimurium bacterin toxoid provided
cross-protection against coliform mastitis; incidence and
severity of clinical coliform mastitis were significantly
lowered during the first 5 months of lactation.
111 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effect of season and stage of lactation on performance of
Holsteins. Perera, K.S.; Gwazdauskas, F.C.; Pearson, R.E.;
Brumback, T.B. Jr Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association; 1986 Jan. Journal of dairy science v. 69 (1): p.
228-236. ill; 1986 Jan. Includes 31 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy performance; Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian;
Lactation stage; Seasonal fluctuations; Animal housing; Milk
production; Housing temperature and humidity; Statistical
analysis
112 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Effect of soybean hull:soy lecithin-soapstock mixture on
ruminal digestion and performance of growing beef calves and
lactating dairy cattle. Shain, D.H.; Sindt, M.H.; Grant, R.J.;
Klopfenstein, T.J.; Stock, R.A. Champaign, Ill. : American
Society of Animal Science; 1993 May. Journal of animal science
v. 71 (5): p. 1266-1275; 1993 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Calves; Soybean husks; Soybean
soapstock; Lectins; Rumen digestion; Crude protein; Protein
digestion; Maize; Diet; Nutrient content; Feed intake; Milk
yield; Milk composition; Volatile fatty acids; Energy balance;
Body condition
Abstract: Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the
effect of a soybean hull, soy lecithin, and soapstock mixture
on ruminal fiber and protein digestion, growth efficiency of
beef calves, and lactational performance of dairy cattle. An
initial mixing experiment determined that a 4:1 ratio (DM
basis) of soy lecithin:soapstock could be added to soybean
hulls at 15% (wt/wt, DM basis); this mixture had acceptable
mixing and handling characteristics. Dietary addition of a
mixture of 85% soybean hulls, 12% soy lecithin, and 3%
soapstock (DM basis; SLS) to provide 0, 3, 5, or 7%
supplemental fat resulted in a linear (P < .01) decrease in in
situ rate of ruminal NDF digestion with no effect on rate of
CP digestion. Daily gain, DMI, and feed efficiency (kilograms
of gain/kilogram of DMI) of growing beef calves were not
affected (P > .10) as graded levels of SLS replaced corn
grain. However, as graded levels of SLS replaced soybean
hulls, daily gain and feed efficiency increased linearly (P <
.01). Based on the results of these trials, Holstein dairy
cattle were fed four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets
that contained either high levels of nonfiber carbohydrates
(43%) and no added fat, 1% ruminally inert fat, a 6% level of
SLS, or a 12% SLS level (all on DM basis). Efficiency of 4%
fat-corrected milk production (kilograms of milk/kilogram of
DMI) was greatest for cows fed SLS at 6% of dietary DM. The
SLS mixture was an excellent source of fiber and vegetable
fat, comparable in feeding value to corn grain, for inclusion
in the diets of beef calves and dairy cows.
113 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
Effect of stage of lactation and feeding level on milk yield
response by stall-fed dairy cows to change in pasture intake.
Grainger, C.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization; 1990.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 30 (4): p.
495-501; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Victoria; Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian; Jersey;
Crossbreds; Inbred lines; Feed intake; Lactation; Milk
composition; Milk yield; Pastures; Unrestricted feeding
114 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 ON1
The effect of stress on udder health of dairy cows.
Giesecke, W.H.
Pretoria : South Africa, Dept. of Agriculture and Water
Supply; 1985 Sep. The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary
research v. 52 (3): p. 175-193; 1985 Sep. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Animal health; Stress; Lactation;
Udders; Disease resistance; Environment
115 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55
The effect of summer decline in conception rate on the monthly
milk production pattern in Israel.
Kahn, H.E.
East Lothian, Scotland : Durrant; 1991 Oct.
Animal production v. 53 (pt.2): p. 127-131; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Milk production;
Conception; Simulation models; Seasonal fluctuations
116 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of a hot climate on the performance of first lactation
Holstein cows grouped by coat color.
King, V.L.; Denise, S.K.; Armstrong, D.V.; Torabi, M.;
Wiersma, F. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association; 1988 Apr. Journal of dairy science v. 71 (4): p.
1093-1096; 1988 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian; Heat
stress; Climate; Coat; Color; Milk production; Reproductive
performance
117 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Effects of acute thermal stress and amount of feed intake on
concentrations of somatotropin, insulin-like growth factor
(IGF)-I and IGF-II, and thyroid hormones in plasma of
lactating Holstein cows.
McGuire, M.A.; Beede, D.K.; Collier, R.J.; Buonomo, F.C.;
DeLorenzo, M.A.; Wilcox, C.J.; Huntington, G.B.; Reynolds,
C.K.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991
May. Journal of animal science v. 69 (5): p. 2050-2056; 1991
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Feed intake; Insulin-
like growth factor; Body temperature; Blood plasma;
Somatotropin; Thyroid hormones; Restricted feeding;
Environmental temperature
Abstract: Our objective was to evaluate effects of acute
thermal stress, independent of reduced feed intake caused by
elevated temperatures, and of reduced feed intake in thermal
comfort on plasma concentrations of somatotropin, insulin-like
growth factors I and II, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine. Six
Holstein cows (averaging 475 +/- 18 kg BW, 2.3 +/-.3 parities,
and 96 +/- 12 d in lactation) surgically fitted with catheters
in the hepatic portal vein, mesenteric vein, and intercostalis
posterior artery were exposed to treatments of thermal comfort
environments with ad libitum or restricted (75% of ad libitum)
DM intake and a thermal stress environment with ad libitum
intake in two balanced 3 X 3 Latin squares. Thermal stress
increased rectal temperatures and respiration rates. Dry
matter intake of the thermal-stressed cows offered feed ad
libitum (11.1 +/- .7 kg/d) was similar to the experimentally
imposed reduction in DM intake of the thermal comfort
restricted group (11.5 +/- .7 kg/d). Dry matter intake of cows
in thermal comfort was 15.1 +/- .7 kg/d. Plasma somatotropin
concentrations tended (P < .08) to decrease daring thermal
stress but were unchanged by amount of feed intake in thermal
comfort environments. Concentrations of IGF-I were not
affected by treatments. Concentrations of IGF-II tended (P <
.14) to increase with thermal stress compared with thermal
comfort treatments. Thyroxine concentrations tended (P < .15)
to increase in the thermal stress treatment compared with the
thermal comfort restricted intake treatment. Triiodothyronine
tended (P < .11) to decrease with restriction in feed intake
in the thermal comfort environment. Overall, effects of
nutrition and thermal stress did not markedly alter
concentrations of metabolic hormones in lactating dairy cows.
118 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Effects of administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin
on the response of lactating and nonlactating cows to heat
stress.
Cole, J.A.; Hansen, P.J.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1993 Jul01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 203
(1): p. 113-117; 1993 Jul01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Heat stress; Solar
radiation; Lactating females; Dry period; Milk yield
119 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of bovine somatotropin on dry matter intake, milk
yield, and body temperature in Holstein and Jersey cows during
heat stress. West, J.W.; Mullinix, B.G.; Johnson, J.C. Jr;
Ash, K.A.; Taylor, V.N. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy
Science Association; 1990 Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 73
(10): p. 2896-2906; 1990 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Somatotropin; Feed
intake; Milk yield; Body temperature; Holstein-friesian;
Jersey; Body weight; Body condition
120 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of bovine somatotropin on milk yield and composition,
dry matter intake, and some physiological functions of
Holstein cows during heat stress. Zoa-Mboe, A.; Head, H.H.;
Bachman, K.C.; Baccari, F. Jr; Wilcox, C.J. Champaign, Ill. :
American Dairy Science Association; 1989 Apr. Journal of dairy
science v. 72 (4): p. 907-916; 1989 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian; Heat stress;
Somatotropin; Milk yield; Milk composition; Dry matter; Feed
intake; Shade; Hormones; Physiological functions
121 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of bovine somatotropin on physiologic responses of
lactating Holstein and Jersey cows during hot, humid weather.
West, J.W.; Mullinix, B.G.; Sandifer, T.G.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1991
Mar. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (3): p. 840-851; 1991 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Weather; Humidity; Heat
production; Heat stress; Milk; Temperature; Blood chemistry;
Fatty acids
Abstract: Thirty-one lactating Holstein and Jersey cows were
used to determine the effects of daily injections of 0 or 20
mg of recombinant bST on physiologic responses during hot,
humid weather. Body temperature was determined by measuring
milk temperature at each milking. Jugular blood was sampled
for serum analysis of selected hormones, blood metabolites,
and fatty acids, and arterial blood was sampled for blood pH
and blood gas analysis. Milk was characterized for fatty acid
composition. Blood pH was unchanged, but partial pressure of
blood CO2, blood bicarbonate, base excess, and total CO2
declined with administration of bST. Serum triglycerides
increased 89% in cows receiving bST. Blood urea nitrogen
tended to decline in cows receiving bST. Serum cortisol,
triiodothyronine, and thyroxine did not change, but insulin-
like growth factor-1 increased 128% with bST use. Reduced milk
short-chain fatty acids, increased milk long-chain fatty
acids, and increased blood serum C18:1 fatty acid content
occurred in cows administered bST and probably reflected
tissue mobilization. Cows administered bST in hot weather had
higher milk temperatures. Alterations in physiologic and
metabolic measures in association with higher milk
temperature, suggest an interaction of bST use with hot, humid
weather and reflect the need to minimize the effects of heat
stress.
122 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Effects of coat colour on physiological responses to solar
radiation in Holsteins.
Hansen, P.J.
London : The Association; 1990 Sep29.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary
Association v. 127 (13): p. 333-334; 1990 Sep29. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian; Coat; Color; Solar
radiation; Heat stress; Heat resistance; Shade; Milk
production; Physiological functions
123 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of daily exogenous oxytocin on lactation milk yield
and composition. Nostrand, S.D.; Galton, D.M.; Erb, H.N.;
Bauman, D.E.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1991
Jul. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (7): p. 2119-2127; 1991
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Milk yield; Oxytocin; Injection; Milk
composition; Mastitis; Milk ejection; Animal health
Abstract: Eighty-four Holstein cows were used to determine
effects of exogenous oxytocin on 305-d milk production and
health. Cows were assigned at parturition by parity group to
treatments: 1) oxytocin group, animals received an injection
of 1 ml (20 IU) of oxytocin at each milking throughout
lactation and 2) control group, animals received no injection.
Oxytocin injections were given in the thigh region within 3
min following the initiation of udder preparation and
immediately prior to machine attachment. Udder preparation
consisted of forestripping and manual cleaning (10 to 20 s)
and drying (5 to 10 s) of teats. Cows were milked in a parlor,
and milk yield was recorded at each milking. Milk samples were
collected from each cow biweekly for milk fat, protein, and
somatic cell count determination. Individual lactations were
modeled using Woods' lactation equation; resulting
coefficients were analyzed using ANOVA. The oxytocin group
produced 849 kg more milk during the lactation than the
control group, with a significant difference occurring after
peak milk yield. This suggests that exogenous oxytocin
maintained greater persistency during lactation. No
significant differences existed for milk fat or protein
percentages. The use of exogenous oxytocin at milking
increased lactation milk production with no apparent effect on
health.
124 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effects of dexamethasone on shedding of Listeria monocytogenes
in dairy cattle.
Wesley, I.V.; Bryner, J.H.; Van Der Maaten, M.J.; Kehrli, M.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association;
1989 Dec. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (12):
p. 2009-2013; 1989 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Listeria monocytogenes;
Dexamethasone; Immunosuppression; Stress; Milk
Abstract: Ten lactating Holstein cows that had been given
multiple injections of Listeria monocytogenes (serotype 4B,
Scott A strain) via the intramammary route were allotted to 2
groups: group 1 (n = 5) was treated with the synthetic
glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (0.04 mg/kg of body weight), for
3 consecutive days, and group 2 (n = 5) served as controls.
Two days after the initial dexamethasone injection, the number
of L monocytogenes in the milk had increased nearly 15-fold
(1.16 log10) over pretreatment values. On day 3, Listeria
numbers in the milk had increased by 1.83 log10, compared with
pretreatment values. By day 4, Listeria numbers in the milk
were approximately 100-fold (2.03 log10) greater than
pretreatment numbers. Numbers remained high through day 7 and,
by day 11, approached pretreatment numbers. Dexamethasone
administration was accompanied by high total WBC and milk
somatic cell counts and decreased eosinophil and lymphocyte
numbers, and decreased milk production. The increase in
shedding of L monocytogenes in the milk may reflect impairment
of cell-mediated immune mechanisms and phagocytic cell
functions that are critical for sustaining listerial immunity.
125 NAL Call. No.: 100 Al1H
NSUS31.E23 Effects of different cooling and management
regimes on milk production. Lin, J.C.; Moss, B.R.; Cummins,
K.A.; Coleman, D.A.; Smith, R.C. III Auburn, Ala. :
Agricultural Experiment Station of Auburn University, 1954-;
1993.
Highlights of agricultural research v. 40 (3): p. 7; 1993.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Milk production; Heat stress; Feed
intake; Milk yield; Milk composition; Cooling systems
126 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of feeding practices on milk fat concentration for
dairy cows. Coulon, J.B.; Agabriel, C.; Brunscwig, G.; Muller,
C.; Bonaiti, B. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association; 1994 Sep. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (9): p.
2614-2620; 1994 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: France; Cabt; Dairy cows; Milk fat percentage;
Concentrates; Cattle feeding; Rumen digestion; Dairy herds;
Volatile fatty acids; Seasonal fluctuations; Farm surveys
Abstract: Thirty-seven dairy farms, using high producing
(7500 kg/yr per cow on average) Montbeliarde cows that were
fed hay-based rations, were included in a detailed survey
involving the structure of the farm and the herd, the quality
of forage, the feeding practices in winter and summer, and
genetic characteristics of the cows (breeding values and herd
effects). These data were used to analyze variation in milk
fat concentration among farms, particularly variation linked
to environmental factors, as assessed by the herd effect. When
farms were ranked according to herd effect of fat
concentration, farms with the highest herd effects fed
concentrate to cows in rolled form, distributed forage before
or with the concentrate, and provided hay in the trough in
summer. The effects of such practices on digestive phenomena
in the rumen are discussed. This study supported the use of
herd effects to identify factors related to variation in dairy
cow performance.
127 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
The effects of handling by humans at calving and during
milking on the behaviour and milk cortisol concentrations of
primiparous dairy cows. Hemsworth, P.H.; Barnett, J.L.;
Tilbrook, A.J.; Hansen, C. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science
Publishers, B.V.; 1989 Apr.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 22 (3/4): p. 313-326; 1989
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Milking interval; Calving interval;
Handling; Stress; Cortisol; Animal behavior
128 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Effects of lameness on the behaviour of cows during the
summer. Hassall, S.A.; Ward, W.R.; Murray, R.D.
London : The Association; 1993 Jun05.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary
Association v. 132 (23): p. 578-580; 1993 Jun05. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Animal welfare; Lameness
129 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of late gestation heat stress on postpartum milk
production and reproduction in dairy cattle.
Moore, R.B.; Fuquay, J.W.; Drapala, W.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Jul. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (7): p. 1877-1882; 1992
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Dairy cows; Heat stress; Dry period;
Milk yield; Milk fat percentage; Lactation stage; Heat sums;
Age; Lactation number; Precipitation; Female fertility
Abstract: Carry-over effects of late gestation heat stress on
postpartum productive and reproductive traits were estimated
from DHI records using 341 lactations from six sites in
Mississippi. Climatological data were gathered from records of
weather stations near the sites. Using multiple linear
regression analyses, predictor variables for lactations were
age at calving, lactation number, maximum degree-days (above
32.2 degrees C) during the periods 30 and 60 d prepartum, and
precipitation 30 and 60 d prepartum. Months and sites were
indicator variables. Dependent variables included milk and fat
production during early, mid, and late lactation; days to peak
lactation; days open; services per conception; and body
weight. Age at calving affected milk and fat production in mid
and late lactation and services per conception. Degree-days
for 60 d prepartum had the greatest negative influence on
production variables; its statistical significance was shown
in predictions of milk and fat production in early and
midlactation. Days open were higher for July than for cows
calving in August or September. Sites had effects on many milk
and fat measurements and some reproductive traits. These
results indicate that heat stress in the last 60 d of
gestation has negative effects on some production variables.
130 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
Effects of number and location of water bowls and social rank
on drinking behaviour and performance of loose-housed dairy
cows.
Andersson, M.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Apr.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 17 (1/2): p. 19-31; 1987
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Bowl drinkers; Loose housing;
Drinking behavior; Dairy performance; Social structure
131 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of premilking teat preparation on spores of anaerobes,
bacteria, and iodine residues in milk.
Rasmussen, M.D.; Galton, D.M.; Petersson, L.G.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1991
Aug. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (8): p. 2472-2478; 1991
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Milk; Bacterial count; Bacterial spores; Iodine;
Residues; Teat dip; Iodophors; Teats; Milking
Abstract: Premilking teat preparations using individual paper
or cotton towels for either 6 or 20 s to reduce bacteria and
iodine residues from teat surfaces were determined through
Latin square designs applied to 50 cows. A cotton towel used
for 20 s was most effective in cleaning teats, probably
because of the physical structure of the towel, physical
action on teat surface, and scrubbing of the teat ends.
Premilking teat preparation of 6 s was inadequate to clean
teats and to avoid iodine residues in milk. Teat end erosions
increased iodine residue in milk. Two days after a treatment
period, iodine content in milk from iodophordipped groups was
similar to that of the undipped control group. Against our
expectation, teat dipping with a .25% iodophor teat dip caused
higher iodine residue in milk than a .50% iodophor teat dip.
Differences in formulations and inert ingredients of iodophor
teat dips indicate a need for further studies.
132 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin under conditions of
high production and heat stress.
Lotan, E.; Sturman, H.; Weller, J.I.; Ezra, E.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
May. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (5): p. 1394-1402; 1993
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Injection; Heat
stress; Milk yield; Milk fat percentage; Feed intake; Dry
matter; Liveweight gain; Body composition; Female fertility;
Lactation stage; Milk protein percentage; Milk fat yield; Milk
protein yield
Abstract: The effect of bST injection on milk production of
Israeli Holsteins was tested under conditions of mean
production > 9000 kg/yr and climatic stress; mean maximum and
minimum summer temperatures are 38 and 25 degrees C,
respectively, in the Jordan Valley, located 200 m below sea
level. In 1989, 111 cows were injected, and 115 cows were
recorded as controls. In 1990, 108 cows were injected, and 93
cows were included as controls. Fifty-nine of the cows
injected in 1990 were also injected in 1989. Production
records were corrected for parity, calving month, days to
first injection, and days in milk. Injection with bST
increased total lactation milk production by 12%, fat
production by 15%, and protein production by 13%. Injection
also resulted in slight increases in fat and protein
percentages. Daily milk production during the injection period
was increased by 4.4 kg. Injection during the previous
lactation slightly decreased production of cows injected
during the following lactation. Advancing the commencement of
injection from the 4th to the 2nd mo in milk did not affect
total lactation production. Weight gains and dry matter intake
were higher for injected cows, but body condition score was
higher for the control group. Injection had no discernible
effect on fertility variables.
133 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of recombinant methionyl bovine somatotropin
(sometribove) in high producing cows milked three times daily.
Jordan, D.C.; Aguilar, A.A.; Olson, J.D.; Bailey, C.;
Hartnell, G.F.; Madsen, K.S.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1991
Jan. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (1): p. 220-226; 1991 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Milking interval; Milk
production; Milk composition; Body condition; Body weight;
Animal health; Mastitis
Abstract: Effects of daily sometribove administration on milk
yield and composition, body condition score, BW, and SCC were
evaluated in Holstein cows milked three times daily. Lactating
cows (n = 104) were assigned randomly to control or
sometribove-treated (25 mg/d) groups. The experimental period
was 16 wk, consisting of 2-wk pretreatment, 12-wk treatment,
and 2-wk posttreatment periods. All cows were injected once
daily starting at 53 to 180 d postpartum, housed in free
stalls, and fed one of five total mixed rations according to
milk production. Body weights were measured weekly, and body
condition was scored biweekly. Milk yield was recorded daily,
and weekly milk samples were analyzed for fat, protein,
lactose, total solids, and SCC. Milk yield and milk protein
were increased 18.8% (38.6 vs. 32.5 kg/d) and 3.3% (3.1 vs.
3.0%), respectively, whereas percentage of milk fat, lactose,
SNF, SCC, and BW were unaffected by treatment. Overall average
body condition scores were lower for the sometribove-treated
group versus control (2.2 vs. 2.4). No apparent differences in
the number of cows treated for mastitis, foot rot, displaced
abomasum, or lameness were observed between treatment groups.
Sometribove treatment significantly enhanced milk yield (6.1
kg/d) with no apparent negative effects on health in high
producing cows milked three time per day.
134 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of scrotal insulation on viability characteristics of
cryopreserved bovine semen.
Vogler, C.J.; Saacke, R.G.; Bame, J.H.; DeJarnette, J.M.;
McGilliard, M.L. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association; 1991 Nov. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (11): p.
3827-3835; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy bulls; Holstein-friesian; Semen characters;
Semen preservation; Scrotum; Heat stress; Spermatozoa;
Cryopreservation; Insulation
Abstract: The effect of a 48-h scrotal insulation on
spermatozoal viability (motility and acrosomal integrity),
before and after semen cryopreservation, was studied in six
young Holstein bulls whose semen was collected twice in
succession at 3-d intervals. Motility and acrosomal integrity
were measured before and after incubation of semen at 37
degrees C for 3 h. For assessment of results, collection days
were grouped: period 1 (control) = d -6, -3, and 0, where d 0
= initiation of scrotal insulation after semen collection;
period 2 = d 3, 6, and 9 sperm presumed in the epididymis or
rete testis during scrotal insulation); period 3 = d 12, 15,.
. . 39 (sperm presumed in spermatogenesis during scrotal
insulation). Semen was cryopreserved each collection day until
morphologically abnormal cells exceeded 50% of the ejaculate
(d 12 to 21). Semen viability before and after freezing was
lower in period 3 than in period 1 (P < .05). These
differences coincided with the appearance in period 3 of
abnormal sperm morphology and depressed undiluted semen
motility, which began on d 12 (P < .01). Semen collected
during period 2 that was extended but unfrozen did not differ
from that collected during period 1 in morphology or
viability. However, for frozen semen, period 2 was
significantly poorer than period 1 for both viability
measurements, but only after incubation for 3 h at 37 degrees
C postthaw (P < .05). We conclude that epididymal sperm are
adversely affected by elevated testicular temperatures, as
noted by their decreased ability to maintain motility and
acrosomal integrity following cryopreservation.
135 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163
Effects of social and physical stressors on growth hormone
levels in dairy cows.
Munksgaard, L.; Lovendahl, P.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1993 Dec.
Canadian journal of animal science v. 73 (4): p. 847-853; 1993
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Somatotropin; Dairy cows; Hormone secretion;
Blood plasma; Corticotropin
136 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of somatotropin on milk yield and physiological
responses during summer farm and hot laboratory conditions.
Johnson, H.D.; Li, R.; Manalu, W.; Spencer-Johnson, K.J.;
Becker, B.A.; Collier, R.J.; Baile, C.A.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1991
Apr. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (4): p. 1250-1262; 1991
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Environmental
temperature; Feed conversion; Heat stress; Milk yield; Summer;
Body temperature; Blood composition; Feed intake; Milk fat
percentage; Milk protein percentage; Heat production
Abstract: The effects of bST on performance and physiological
responses of lactating cows was studied under farm summer and
laboratory heat conditions. Twelve cows, 90 to 50 d
postpartum, were injected with either bST or vehicle solution
for 30 d under farm summer and 10 d under either laboratory
thermoneutral or heat conditions. Somatotropin increased milk
yield by 6.1 (21%), 8.1 (32%), and 7.3 kg (35%) under the farm
summer, laboratory thermoneutral, and heat conditions,
respectively. Somatotropin also increased milk fat by 15 and
19% and dry matter intake by 16 and 18% under laboratory
thermoneutral and heat conditions, respectively. Somatotropin
increased the efficiency of feed conversion into milk without
any significant changes in body weight and temperatures.
Somatotropin reduced plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine
and cortisol and had no effect on plasma prolactin and insulin
concentrations. Somatotropin did not increase water intake;
however, hematocrit was decreased. The results suggest that
stimulatory effects of bST on milk production are still
observed on heat-stressed cows without any significant
indications of additional heat stress.
137 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Effects of supplemental potassium and sodium chloride salts on
ruminal turnover rates, acid-base and mineral status of
lactating dairy cows during heat stress.
Schneider, P.L.; Beede, D.K.; Wilcox, C.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1988
Jan. Journal of animal science v. 66 (1): p. 126-135; 1988
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Lactating females; Heat stress;
Minerals; Feed supplements; Potassium chloride; Sodium
chloride; Rumen digestion; Acid base equilibrium; Nutritional
state
138 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Effects of thermal stress and level of feed intake on portal
plasma flow and net fluxes of metabolites in lactating
Holstein cows.
McGuire, M.A.; Beede, D.K.; DeLorenzo, M.A.; Wilcox, C.J.;
Huntington, G.B.; Reynolds, C.K.; Collier, R.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1989
Apr. Journal of animal science v. 67 (4): p. 1050-1060; 1989
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian; Heat stress; Feed
intake; Nutrient uptake; Metabolites; Blood flow; Blood
plasma; Portal vein
139 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of treatment of dairy cows with recombinant bovine
somatotropin over three or four lactations.
Oldenbroek, J.K.; Garssen, G.J.; Jonker, L.J.; Wilkinson,
J.I.D. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association;
1993 Feb. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (2): p. 453-467; 1993
Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Lactation number;
Duration; Feed intake; Milk yield; Body weight; Blood plasma;
L-thyroxine; Insulin; Metabolites; Milk composition; Somatic
cell count; Female fertility; Animal health; Blood picture;
Blood chemistry; Culling
Abstract: Jersey, Dutch Red and White, and Friesian cows were
subcutaneously injected with 640 mg of recombinant bST at 28-d
intervals from 87 to 115 d after calving through four
successive lactations. A TMR (6.72 MJ of NE(L) and 168 g of
CP/kg of DM) was fed for ad libitum consumption. The bST
effects per day were 3.3 kg for milk yield, 189 g for fat
yield, 109 g for protein yield, 157 g for lactose yield, 4 MJ
of NE(L) for feed intake, and -4 kg for body weight. Responses
in blood parameters measured 7 d after injection were -.007
mmol/L for glucose, -1.3 mg of N/100 ml for urea, 221
micromoles/L for 3-hydroxybutyrate, 59 micromoles/L for NEFA,
65 ng/L for insulin, 2.8 micrograms/L for thyroxine, and 26.7
micrograms/L for somatotropin. Somatic cell count in milk was
75,000 cells/ml higher in treated cows. Concentrations of
NEFA, Ca, Mg, and phosphorus were unaffected. Repeatability of
the maximum response in milk yield after bST treatment was
low: .2 within and .5 between lactations. Cows treated in the
previous lactation had slightly more retained placentas, and
birth weight of their calves was 2 kg less. No differences
were between treated and control cows in disease incidence.
Six treated cows were culled in third and fourth lactations.
No indications for tissue damage, inflammation, or stress
after bST injections were detected.
140 NAL Call. No.: KF27.A366 1987e
Effects of United States and foreign trade policies and the
Food Security Act of 1985 on the domestic livestock industry
hearing before the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and
Poultry of the Committee on Agriculture, House of
Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, first session,
November 21, 1987, Rapid City, SD.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture.
Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry
Washington, [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of
Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1988; Y 4.Ag
8/1:100-58. iii, 91 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Distributed to some
depository libraries in microfiche. Serial no. 100-58.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Livestock; United States; Cattle trade; United
States; Meat industry and trade; United States; Competition,
Unfair
141 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of voltages on cows over a complete lactation. 1. Milk
yield and composition.
Gorewit, R.C.; Aneshansley, D.J.; Price, L.R.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (10): p. 2719-2725; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Electricity; Milk yield; Water
intake; Milk composition; Lactation stage
Abstract: The effect of long-term voltage exposure on milk
yield and composition was assessed. Forty cows in second to
fifth lactation were used. Four groups of 10 Holstein cows
were exposed to either 0, 1, 2, or 4 V throughout an entire
lactation. Each group was housed in a free-stall environment
with bunk feed and water provided for ad libitum intake.
Voltages (AC, 60 Hz) were applied between waterers and a metal
grid. Cows could not drink without placing their front hooves
on the metal grid. Individual records were maintained for milk
weights, milk fat, protein, and somatic cell counts. Average
actual (7312, 8527, 6938, and 7725 kg for groups exposed to 0,
1, 2, or 4 V, respectively) and mature equivalent (7802, 9281,
7309, and 8911 kg for groups exposed to 0, 1, 2, or 4 V,
respectively) milk weights for 305 d showed no significant
differences between groups exposed or unexposed to voltage.
Average actual milk yields for 305 d in the previous
lactations were 8016, 8163, 7679, and