Housing, Husbandry, and Welfare of Dairy CattleAnimal Welfare Information Center
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Compiled By:
D'Anna J.B. Jensen
Animal Welfare Information Center, Information Centers Branch
National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture
10301 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351
Jensen, D'Anna J.B. Housing, husbandry, and welfare of dairy cattle. (Quick bibliography series ; 95-15) 1.Dairy cattle--Bibliography. I. Title. aZ5071.N3 no.95-15
Set Description
S1 DAIR? AND (BOVINE OR BOS OR COW? OR BULL?? OR STEER??
OR HEIFER? OR CALK OR CALVE?? OR CATTLE)
S2 S1 AND SH=(L100 OR L300 OR N100)
S3 S2 AND (HOUS? OR FACILIT? OR STRUCT? OR PEN?? OR
STALL?? OR CONFIN? OR STANCHION?? OR FREE(W)STALL? OR
PARLOR?)
S4 S1 AND STRESS?
S5 S4 NOT SH=L500
S6 S1 AND (WELFARE OR WELL(W)BEING OR HUMANE OR HANDL? OR
CARE)
S7 (S3+S5+S6)
S8 S7 AND PY=1985:1995
S9 RD (unique items)
1 NAL Call. No.: SF196.U5A8
1987 heat-stress trials in Saudi Arabia.
Armstrong, D.V.; Wise, M.E.
Tucson, Ariz. : The Service; 1987 Jun.
Arizona dairy newsletter - University of Arizona, Cooperative
Extension Service. p. 2; 1987 Jun.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saudi arabia; Dairy cows; Heat stress; Milk
production; Lactation; Cooling
2 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.V8V52
4-H dairy project 1.
Hartman, D.A.
Blacksburg, Va. : Extension Division, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University; 1991.
Publication - Virginia Cooperative Extension Service
(404-777): 19 p.; 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: 4-h clubs; Calves; Selection; Calf feeding; Calf
diseases; Calf housing; Dehorning; Teats
3 NAL Call. No.: 100 M69MI
Advanced techniques practiced at new dairy research unit.
Broadway, R.
Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1988 Apr.
MAFES research highlights - Mississippi Agricultural and
Forestry Experiment Station v. 51 (4): p. 8. ill; 1988 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Experimental stations; Farm dairies;
Milking; Cow housing; Programmed feed dispensers
4 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 C164
Air quality in six Alberta commercial free-stall dairy barns.
Clark, P.C.; McQuitty, J.B.
Ottawa : Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering; 1987
Jan. Canadian agricultural engineering v. 29 (1): p. 77-80;
1987 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Barns; Cow housing; Air quality; Carbon
dioxide; Ammonia; Hydrogen sulfide; Dust; Moisture;
Ventilation
5 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.R473
All year housing of dairy cows.
Poole, D.A.
Harlow, Essex : Longman; 1987.
Research and development in agriculture v. 4 (2): p. 77-81.
ill; 1987. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cow housing; Feed intake; Milk
production
6 NAL Call. No.: aTD930.Y6
Alternatives for dairy manure management.
Young, C. Edwin; Alwang, Jeffrey R.; Crowder, Bradley M.
United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Natural Resource
Economics Division Washington, D.C. : United States Dept. of
Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Natural Resourse
Economics Division,; 1986.
vi, 35 p. ; 28 cm.. (ERS staff report ; no. AGES 860422).
Cover title. Bibliography: p. 28.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Manure; Handling; Dairy cattle;
Manure; Management; Manures; Management; Agricultural wastes;
Environmental aspects; United States
7 NAL Call. No.: S540.S7K36
Analysis of a two lactation target animal safety study of
somidobove sustained release injection in multiparous dairy
cows.
Tonkinson, L.V.; Basson, R.P.; McGuffey, R.K.; Deldar, A.;
Fisher, L. Manhattan, Kan. : Dept. of Statistics, Kansas State
University; 1989. Proceedings of the ... Kansas State
University conference on applied statistics in agriculture. p.
34-36; 1989. Meeting held April 30 - May 2, 1989, Manhattan,
Kansas. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Lactation;
Animal welfare; Dosage effects
8 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Analysis of equipotential plane installations.
Kammel, D.W.; Jones, B.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1987.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 87-3037): 12 p. ill; 1987. Paper
presented at the 1987 Summer Meeting of the American Society
of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Cattle housing; Planes;
Installations; Facilities; Electric current; Costs
9 NAL Call. No.: 281.8 C16
An analysis of the structural and welfare effects of bovine
somatotropin on the Ontario dairy industry.
Oxley, J.; Fox, G.; Moschini, G.
Ottawa : Canadian Agricultural Economics and Farm Management
Society; 1989 Nov.
Canadian journal of agricultural economics; Revue Canadienne
d'economie rurale v. 37 (3): p. 393-406; 1989 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Dairy industry; Somatotropin; Structural
change; Welfare economics; Technology; Economic impact; Farm
surveys; Quotas; Simulation models; Surpluses; Innovation
adoption
10 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Analytical tools for material and energy balance, cash flow,
and environmental loads in a dairy cattle enterprise.
Saama, P.M.; Koenig, B.E.; Koenig, H.E.; Anderson, J.H.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1994
Apr. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (4): p. 994-1002; 1994
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy farming; Computer software; Systems
analysis; Network analysis; Material balance; Energy balance;
Externalities
Abstract: Analytical tools for the preconstruction technical
design and postconstruction management of a dairy enterprise
are presented. The enterprise is represented as a network of
production processes with alternative operating technologies
and scale of operation as technical parameters of
environmental loads and cash flow. The operating technologies
of the network are represented by material conversion
coefficients and energetic cost functions. Generalized laws of
material and energy balance are used to define an on-line
management accounting system for recording resource and
product flows, physical energy, and human time involved in the
production process. Cash flow and value added are computed
from the technologies of the network, prices of material and
energetic resources, and costs of operating facilities. A
microcomputer application was developed to evaluate the
environmental loads and the economic consequences of
alternative technologies, product prices, and amortization
schedules for facility and equipment costs. The concepts and
analytical tools presented for the design and management of
dairy enterprises provide a framework through which scientists
across disciplines and producers across product lines can work
together to increase overall farm profitability and to reduce
environmental loads.
11 NAL Call. No.: SF241.L8N6
Anatomy and physiology of the udder.
Nickerson, S.C.
Homer, La. : The Station; 1992.
Dairy research report - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
Station. p. 159-176; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Udders; Teats; Animal anatomy;
Mammary glands; Mammary tissue; Mammary development; Milk
synthesis; Milk secretion; Milk ejection; Milk yield; Milking
12 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V6456
Animal husbandry review.
Ewer, T.K.
London : Scientechnica; 1988.
The Veterinary annual v. 28: p. 1-22. ill; 1988. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Sheep; Pigs; Animal husbandry; Animal
feeding; Diets; Concentrates; Hay; Silage; Forage; Animal
breeding; Pig housing
13 NAL Call. No.: SF191.D3
Animal rights.
Clark, E.
Minnetonka, Minn. : Miller Publishing Company; 1988 Aug.
Dairy herd management v. 25 (8): p. 4; 1988 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Animal welfare; Cattle husbandry
14 NAL Call. No.: SF191.D3
Animal rights.
Minnetonka, Minn. : Miller Publishing Company; 1988 Dec.
Dairy herd management v. 25 (12): p. 8-10, 12, 14-15. ill;
1988 Dec.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dairy herds; Animal welfare; Animal
husbandry; Cattle housing; Dairy legislation; Public opinion;
Abuse; Politics
15 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Antibiotic residue prevention methods, farm management, and
occurrence of antibiotic residues in milk.
McEwen, S.A.; Black, W.D.; Meek, A.H.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1991
Jul. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (7): p. 2128-2137; 1991
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Milk; Antibiotic residues; Dairy farms; Milking
parlors; Questionnaires; Dairying; Farm management; Prevention
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine
associations among the occurrence of antibiotic residues in
bulk milk and various farm management practices. Ninety-four
dairy farms were visited after antibiotic residues were
detected in samples of their bulk milk (case farms) along with
an equal number of residue-free farms (controls). Farmers
completed questionnaires designed to elicit details of
management practices used on farms and methods employed for
prevention of antibiotic residues. Factors were initially
examined unconditionally for statistical association with
occurrence of residues; then multivariate associations were
determined using multiple logistic regression. After adjusting
for herd size in a logistic model, the risk of residues in
milk was observed to increase in association with the frequent
use of part-time labor in the milking of cows. The risk of
residue occurrence was decreased in association with the use
of milk residue test kits, when the farmer believed that
increasing the dose of antibiotic required an increase in the
withholding time of milk, and when tie stall and pipeline
milking systems were used rather than milking parlors or tie
stall and dumping station systems.
16 NAL Call. No.: SF5.I57 1986
Applications of hormone radioimmunoassays on studies of
environment and reproduction interactions in large ruminants.
Thatcher, W.W.; Collier, R.J.; Drost, M.; Putney, J.; Beede,
D.K.; Wilcox, C.J.
Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency; 1986.
Nuclear and related techniques in animal production and health
: proceedings of an International Symposium / jointly
organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency ... [et
al.].. p. 41-55; 1986. (Proceedings series). Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Estrous cycle;
Reproductive performance; Hormones; Radioimmunoassay;
Environmental factors
17 NAL Call. No.: SF601.T7
Assessment of heat stress in dairy cattle in Papua New Guinea.
Lemerle, C.; Goddard, M.E.
Edinburgh : Scottish Academic Press; 1986 Nov.
Tropical animal health and production v. 18 (4): p. 232-242;
1986 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Papua new guinea; Dairy cattle; Heat stress;
Assessment; Dairy breeds; Environmental temperature
18 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
Automatic cow sorting system.
Carrano, J.A.
Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1994.
Annual meeting /. p. 115-123; 1994. Meeting held on January
31-February 2, 1994, Orlando, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Sorting; Automation; Planning; Farm
dairies; Farm surveys
19 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
An automatic system for auantification of eating and
ruminating activities of dairy cattle housed in stalls.
Beauchemin, K.A.; Zelin, S.; Genner, D.; Buchanan-Smith, J.G.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1989
Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 72 (10): p. 2746-2759. ill;
1989 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Quantitative techniques; Automation;
Measurement; Feeding behavior; Rumination
20 NAL Call. No.: aSF208.A7 1985
Avoiding drug residues in cull dairy cows., [Rev. Dec. 1985]..
United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Washington State
University Washington, D.C.? : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture in
cooperation with the Washington State University,; 1985; A
1.2-D 84.
7 p. : ill. ; 23 x 10 cm. Cover title. Shipping list no.:
86-96-P. Bibliography: p. 7.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Veterinary pharmacology; Dairy cattle; Handling;
Safety measures; Dairy cattle; Inspection; Dairying; United
States; Growth promoting substances
21 NAL Call. No.: SF191.D3
Bedding them down.
Annexstad, J.
Minnetonka, Minn. : Miller Publishing Company; 1990 May.
Dairy herd management v. 27 (5): p. 14-15. ill; 1990 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cow housing
22 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
Behavior and maze learning ability of dairy calves as
influenced by housing, sex and sire.
Arave, C.W.; Lamb, R.C.; Arambel, M.J.; Purcell, D.; Walters,
J.L. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 May.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 33 (2/3): p. 149-163; 1992
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Calves; Dairy cattle; Animal behavior; Learning
ability; Cattle housing; Sex differences; Sires; Environmental
factors; Genetic effects
23 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Behavior of dairy calves reared in hutches as affected by
temperature. Brunsvold, R.E.; Cramer, C.O.; Larsen, H.J.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1985 Jul.
Transactions of the ASAE - American Society of Agricultural
Engineers v. 28 (4): p. 1265-1268; 1985 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Calves; Animal behavior; Cattle
housing; Temperature relations
24 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163
Behavioral and physiological responses to spatial novelty in
dairy cows. Kondo, S.; Hurnik, J.F.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1988 Jun.
Canadian journal of animal science v. 68 (2): p. 339-343; 1988
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Agonistic behavior; Heart rate;
Temperament; Stalls; Housing area
25 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
Behaviour of dairy cows kept in extensive (loose
housing/pasture) or intensive (tie stall) environments. I.
Experimental procedure, facilities, time budgets--diurnal and
seasonal conditions.
Krohn, C.C.; Munksgaard, L.; Jonasen, B.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Jul.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 34 (1/2): p. 37-47; 1992
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Extensive livestock farming;
Intensive livestock farming; Weather; Seasons; Loose housing;
Stalls; Animal behavior; Walking; Feeding preferences
26 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
Behaviour of dairy cows kept in extensive (loose
housing/pasture) or intensive (tie stall) environments. II.
Lying and lying-down behaviour. Krohn, C.C.; Munksgaard, L.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1993 Jun.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 37 (1): p. 1-16; 1993 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Animal behavior; Extensive livestock
farming; Intensive livestock farming
27 NAL Call. No.: DISS F1991016
Behaviour of dairy cows under modern housing and management.
Wierenga, H. K.
1991; 1991.
173 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Summary in Dutch. "Stellingen" ([2]
p.) inserted. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical
references.
Language: English
28 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Behaviour of lame and normal dairy cows in cubicles and in a
straw yard. Singh, S.S.; Ward, W.R.; Lautenbach, K.; Murray,
R.D.
London : The British Veterinary Association; 1993 Aug28.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary
Association v. 133 (9): p. 204-208; 1993 Aug28. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Animal behavior; Lameness; Cattle
housing; Cubicles
29 NAL Call. No.: SF201.R47 1987
Behaviour, production and welfare in relation to animal
density for dairy cows in loose housing.
Krohn, C.C.; Konggaard, S.P.
Copenhagen : Landhusholdningsselkabets Forlag; 1987.
Research in cattle production : Danish status and perspectives
: contribution in honor of A. Neimann-Sorensen, 1 May 1987 /
[B. Bech Andersen ... et al.].. p. 160-168; 1987. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Denmark; Dairy cows; Animal behavior; Animal
welfare; Cow housing; Housing density; Loose housing
30 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55
Biochemical and physiological responses to metabolic stimuli
in Friesian calves of differing genetic merit for milk
production.
Sinnett-Smith, P.A.; Slee, J.; Woolliams, J.A.
Neston, South Wirral, England : British Society of Animal
Production; 1987 Feb.
Animal production v. 44 (pt.1): p. 11-19; 1987 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Calves; Genetic differences; Holstein-friesian;
Metabolites; Insulin; Dairy performance; Milk production;
Sodium propionate; Fasting; Energy balance; Cold stress
31 NAL Call. No.: HD1773.A3N6
A bioeconomic analysis of bovine respiratory disease complex.
Nyamusika, N.; Spreen, T.H.; Rae, O.; Moss, C.
Manhattan, Kan. : Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas
State University; 1994 Jan.
Review of agricultural economics v. 16 (1): p. 39-53; 1994
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Beef cattle; Calf production;
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus; Disease control;
Vaccination; Returns; Economic analysis; Mathematical models;
Mortality; Liveweight gain; Agricultural regions; Probability
Abstract: Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRDC) is an
important disease affecting both beef and dairy cattle
produced in confinement operations. A bioeconomic model of
BRDC is developed for a typical Midwestern feedlot. Using
vaccine efficacy rates found in the veterinary science
literature, significant returns to vaccination are estimated.
32 NAL Call. No.: SF206.B57 1991
BMfLuF, Abt. II A 4 und BAL Gumpenstein kleine
Rinderlaufstalle--Schwerpunkt Milchvieh : Bericht uber die
Tagung "Kleine Rinderlaufstalle--Schwerpunkt Milchvieh", BAL
Gumpenstein, 25.-26. September 1990, A-8952 Irdning [BMfLuF,
Abt. II A 4 and BAL Gumpenstein. small loose boxes for
cattle, an emphasis for dairy cattle].. Bericht uber die
Tagung "Kleine
Rinderlaufstalle--Schwerpunkt Milchvieh" vom 25. bis 26.
September 1990 Kleine Rinderlaufstalle--Schwerpunkt Milchvieh
small loose boxes for cattle, an emphasis for dairy cattle
Bundesanstalt fur Alpenlandische Landwirtschaft Gumpenstein
Gumpenstein, Irdning : Bundesanstalt fur alpenlandische
Landwirtschaft,; 1991. vi, 85 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. Cover title:
Bericht uber die Tagung "Kleine Rinderlaufstalle--Schwerpunkt
Milchvieh" vom 25. bis 26. September 1990. Includes
bibliographical references.
Language: German
Descriptors: Cattle
33 NAL Call. No.: SF221.H3
Bovine somatotropin.
Lee, C.N.
Honolulu : The Service; 1987 Jan.
Hawaii dairy newsletter - Hawaii Cooperative Extension
Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture v. 2 (1): p. 1-5; 1987 Jan.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Lactation; Heat stress
34 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Bovine somatotropin: biotechnology product and social issue in
the United States dairy industry.
Molnar, J.J.; Cummins, K.A.; Nowak, P.F.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1990
Nov. Journal of dairy science v. 73 (11): p. 3084-3093; 1990
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Somatotropin; Milk production; Biotechnology;
Innovation adoption; Economic impact; Dairy industry;
Structural change; Farm structure; Technical progress;
Location of production; Politics; Food safety; Milk supply;
Price support; Subsidies
35 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Bovine somatotropin: review of an emerging animal technolgoy.
Bauman, D.E.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Dec. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (12): p. 3432-3451; 1992
Dec. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Milk yield; Dosage
effects; Literature reviews; Milk composition; Production
costs; Lactation; Economic impact
Abstract: One of the first potential biotechnology products
for animal production is bST. Research in the technology of
bST has involved scientists and support from federal agencies,
universities, and private industry. As a consequence of this
extensive cooperation, more than 1000 bST studies have been
conducted, which involved over 20,000 dairy cows, and results
have been confirmed by scientists throughout the world. This
quantity of published research is unprecedented for a new
technology and greater than most dairy technologies in use. In
contrast to steroids, bST is a protein hormone. Milk yield and
persistency responses to bST have been observed for all dairy
breeds examined. Quality of management is the major factor
affecting magnitude of milk response to bST. The mechanism of
action of bST involves a series of orchestrated changes in the
metabolism of body tissues so that more nutrients can be used
for milk synthesis. it is these coordinated changes that allow
the arrival to achieve an increased milk yield while remaining
normal and healthy. Bioenergetic studies demonstrated that
bST-supplemented animals are not stressed. Similarly, there
are no adverse health effects from bST even under poor
management conditions. Composition of milk (fat, protein,
lactose, cholesterol, minerals, and vitamins) is not
substantially altered when bST is used and does not differ in
manufacturing characteristics. Public perception is of
paramount importance bST or any new technology is to be
effectively implemented. New technology must be understood and
perceived as safe and beneficial both by farmers, who would
utilize it, and consumers, who would purchase the dairy
products. With bST use, a unit of milk is produced with less
feed and protein supplement and with a reduction in animal
excreta (manure, urine, and methane). Nationally, the use of
bST simply reinforces, but does not fundamentally change,
dairy industry trends of increased milk yield per cow, reduced
number of cows, and decl
36 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Calculating required dairy manure storage volume.
Moore, J.A.; Baker, E.S.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1985 Mar.
Transactions of the ASAE - American Society of Agricultural
Engineers v. 28 (2): p. 547-550. ill; 1985 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle manure; Dairy cattle; Storage equipment;
Manure spreading
37 NAL Call. No.: SF239.I45 1985
Calf care and raising young stock., [Rev.].
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1985.
Illinois-Iowa dairy handbook / University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign [and] Iowa State University at Ames,
Cooperative Extension Service. 49 p. ill; 1985. Hoard's
Dairyman, 1982.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Calves; Cattle husbandry; Calf
housing; Animal feeding; Animal health
38 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.O5O5
Calf hutches for dairy calves.
Richardson, C.W.
Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1991 Feb.
OSU extension facts - Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma
State University v.): 4 p.; 1991 Feb.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Calf housing; Disease prevention;
Animal health
39 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
California dairy corral manger mister installation.
Shultz, T.A.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 88-4056): 8 p. ill; 1988. Paper
presented at the 1988 Summer Meeting of the American Society
of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cow housing; Fence lines; Mangers;
Mists; Design; Installations; Heat stress; Cooling
40 NAL Call. No.: HD1401.A47
Canadian dairy policy and the returns to federal dairy cattle
research. Fox, G.; Roberts, B.; Brinkman, G.L.
Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier, c1986-; 1992 Feb.
Agricultural economics : the journal of the International
Association of Agricultural Economists v. 6 (3): p. 267-285;
1992 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Canada; Cabt; Dairy cattle; Dairy research;
Federal government; Research support; Supply functions;
Returns; Price policy; Time series; Price elasticities
Abstract: The economic surplus approach is used to estimate
the returns to federal investments in dairy cattle research in
Canada. A national supply function is estimated using time
series data. Lagged research expenditures are included as
explanatory variables in the model, facilitating the
calculation of marginal as well as average benefits from
research. Simulation analysis is used to study the effects of
product market distortions associated with Canadian dairy
policy as well as of the marginal excess burden on the rates
of return to research and on the distribution of research
benefits. Returns were found to be high at the margin.
Distortions in the product market had a small effect on the
overall returns to dairy cattle research but had a large
impact on the distribution of research benefits. Rate of
return estimates were found to be indicative of
underinvestment even when the marginal excess burden was taken
into account.
41 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R3224
A case of teat tramping in dairy cows.
Luescher, U.A.; McKeown D.B.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Apr.
The Canadian veterinary journal v. 30 (4): p. 356; 1989 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Teats; Injuries; Behavior problems;
Cow housing
42 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Cesarean section in dairy cattle: a study of risk factors.
Barkema, H.W.; Schukken, Y.H.; Guard, C.L.; Brand, A.; Weyden,
G.C. van der Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992
Feb.
Theriogenology v. 37 (2): p. 489-506; 1992 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Caesarean section; Dystocia; Risk;
Incidence; Beef bulls; Sires; Lactation number; Age at first
calving; Cattle breeds; Calving interval; Gestation period;
Dry period; Heifers
Abstract: Cesarean sections were studied on 35 Dutch dairy
farms using data collected through a routine herd health and
production control program. Over a period of 8 years and 9
months there were 198 cesarean sections out of a total of
15,051 calvings. The 198 cesarean sections were compared with
a referent group of 841 calvings that was randomly selected
from the original 15,051 calvings. A population-based, case-
referent study design was used to investigate risk factors for
cesarean section. Risk factors for cesarean section consisted
of first parity, single male calf, long gestation period, long
interval between first service and conception, long dry
period, sired by a bull of double-muscled structure or
Piedmont bull, under 730 days of age at first calving, and
having a previous cesarean section. A short dry period and a
short gestation were protective factors.
43 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Changes in fat and protein concentrations in farms with high
milk production. Agabriel, C.; Coulon, J.B.; Marty, G.;
Bonaiti, B.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Mar. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (3): p. 734-741; 1993 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Milk composition; Dairy farms; Milk
fat; Milk protein; Dairy herds; Milk production; Seasonal
fluctuations
Abstract: Seventy-six dairy farms composed of high producing
(6200 to 8800 kg/yr) Montbeliarde cows that were fed hay-based
rations were included in a detailed survey involving the herd
and the farm structure, quality of forage, winter and summer
feeding practices, and genetic characteristics (breeding value
and herd effect for milk production, fat concentration, and
protein concentration). These data permitted analysis of the
variations of milk composition among farms. The mean annual
fat and protein concentrations varied greatly among farms in
spite of the homogeneity of the farm sample with regard to
milk produced, breed, and type of winter roughage. Such
variability results essentially from environmental factors.
When farms were classified according to their level of herd
effect (fat or protein concentrations), 1) protein
concentration variations were greater in winter and linked to
different feed characteristics (hay quality, type of
concentrate), and 2) variations in fat concentration among
farm groups were as marked, if not more so, in summer than in
winter. These variations are only partly linked to feeding
practices that are beneficial or detrimental to fat
concentration (presence of sugar beet in the ration,
concentrate distribution method). No correlation occurred
between fat and protein herd effects. Therefore, these two
variables may be controlled independently by manipulating
environmental factors (especially feeding factors).
44 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Clinical mastitis in cows treated with sometribove
(recombinant bovine somatotropin) and its relationship to milk
yield.
White, T.C.; Madsen, K.S.; Hintz, R.L.; Sorbet, R.H.; Collier,
R.J.; Hard, D.L.; Hartnell, G.F.; Samuels, W.A.; Kerchove, G.
de; Adriaens, F. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association; 1994 Aug. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (8): p.
2249-2260; 1994 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Europe; Cabt; Dairy cows; Bovine
mastitis; Somatotropin; Milk yield; Lactation stage; Animal
welfare; Genetic effects; Risk; Literature reviews
Abstract: Effect of sometribove (methionyl bovine
somatotropin) on mastitis in 15 full lactation trials (914
cows) in Europe and the US and 70 short-term studies (2697
cows) in eight countries was investigated. In full lactation
studies, sometribove (500 mg/2 wk) was given for 252 d,
commencing 60 d postpartum. Although though herds varied
considerably, incidence of clinical mastitis within a herd was
similar for cows receiving control and sometribove treatments.
Relative risk analyses indicated no treatment effect, and
percentage of mastitis during treatment was similar for
control and sometribove groups. A positive linear relationship
existed between peak milk yield and mastitis incidence
(percentage of cows contracting mastitis or cases per 100 cow
days); sometribove treatment did not alter this relationship.
Increases in mastitis related to milk yield increase from
sometribove or related to genetic selection were similar. When
expressed per unit of milk, mastitis incidence declined
slightly as milk yield increased; this relationship was not
altered by sometribove. No effect on clinical mastitis was
observed in 70 commercial herds utilizing sometribove for 84
d. However, effects were significant for stage of lactation
and milk yield. Overall, studies represented a wide range of
research and commercial situations demonstrating that
sometribove had no effect on incidence of clinical mastitis
during the lactation of treatment. Furthermore, sometribove
did not alter typical relationships between milk yield or herd
factors and incidence of clinical mastitis.
45 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
A clinical syndrome in imported cows subjected to
environmental stress in Sudan.
Suliman, H.B.; Bkhiet, H.A.; Fagiri, I.
London : The Association; 1989 Aug26.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary
Association v. 125 (9): p. 240; 1989 Aug26. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sudan; Dairy cattle; Heat stress; Pneumonia;
Summer; Mortality; Symptoms; Pathology
46 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
A comparative physiological and behavioral study of freeze and
hot-iron branding using dairy cows.
Lay, D.C. Jr; Friend, T.H.; Bowers, C.L.; Grissom, K.K.;
Jenkins, O.C. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal
Science; 1992 Apr. Journal of animal science v. 70 (4): p.
1121-1125; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Branding; Pain; Heart rate; Blood
plasma; Hydrocortisone; Behavioral resistance; Animal welfare
Abstract: A public debate has recently arisen, largely
surrounding the issue of pain, over whether freeze or hot-iron
branding should be the preferred method of permanently
identifying cattle. This study addressed that question by
quantifying the following accepted measures of distress and
pain over a 25-min sampling period: elevated heart rate,
concentrations of cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine,
and escape-avoidance reactions and vocalizations. Twenty-four
dairy cows (15 Holsteins and 9 Jerseys) were assigned to one
of three treatments: freeze-branded (F), hot-iron-branded (H),
or sham-branded (S), in which a room-temperature brander was
applied. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations
showed no discernible trends. Plasma cortisol concentrations
were elevated in the F and H cows from 5.5 min to 25.5 min
postbranding (P = .04). Heart rate, analyzed as a proportion
of the prebranding mean, showed that H cows had a greater,
more acute, response than did F cows (P = .04), which
exhibited a more prolonged response (P = .07). No cows
vocalized during branding; however, H cows had a greater
escape-avoidance reaction toward branding than did the F and S
cows. Both methods of branding produced elevated heart rates
and cortisol concentrations indicative of pain sensations.
Because the cows exhibited a greater escape-avoidance reaction
and heart rate proportions to hot-iron branding, freeze
banding would be preferable to hot-iron branding when
feasible.
47 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
A comparison of bedding material for dairy cows--a case study.
Visser, R.Q.
Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1994.
Annual meeting /. p. 313-318; 1994. Meeting held on January
31-February 2, 1994, Orlando, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Africa; Cabt; Dairy cows; Litter; Animal
welfare; Cubicles; Hygiene; Sand; Calcrete; Maize byproducts;
Covers
48 NAL Call. No.: 8 P832J
Complete rations containing coarsely chopped or ground hay for
dairy cows in confinement vs. conventional grazing.
Randel, P.F.
Rio Piedras, R.R. : University of Puerto Rico, Agricultural
Experiment Station; 1991 Jul.
The Journal of agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico v.
75 (3): p. 241-252; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Puerto Rico; Dairy cows; Cattle breeds; American
brown swiss; Holstein-friesian; Complete feeds; Feed intake;
Feed supplements; Restricted feeding; Unrestricted feeding;
Liveweight; Milk yield
49 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Compressed baled alfalfa hay for primiparous and multiparous
dairy cows. Beauchemin, K.A.; Rode, L.M.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1994
Apr. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (4): p. 1003-1012; 1994
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Alfalfa hay; Compaction; Mastication;
Digestibility; Milk yield; Body weight; Nutrient intake; Milk
composition; Lactation number; Energy balance; Rumination;
Transit time
Abstract: Compressed baled alfalfa hay was fed to cows, and
the effects productivity, chewing activities, and digestion
were measured using a replicated 4 X 4 Latin square design.
Cows received second-cutting alfalfa hay (20% CP; 40% NDF)
from either compressed or standard small rectangular bales at
two forage to concentrate ratios (35:65 and 65:35, DM basis).
Compressed hay did not affect milk yield, although milk fat
content was higher (2.90 vs. 2.68%). Higher concentrate diets
increased milk yield (32.2 vs. 28.3 kg/d), lowered milk fat
(2.66 vs. 2.91%), and increased milk protein 3.16 vs. 2.99%)
and lactose (5.06 vs. 4.99%) with no interaction between
concentrate proportion and hay type. Cows fed compressed bales
spent less time eating per kilogram of DM and NDF consumed
than cows fed standard bales, but rumination time was
unaffected by forage processing. For cows fed both types of
hay, digestibilities of DM, ADF, and NDF were similar; ruminal
liquid out-flow rates also were similar, but rate of
particulate passage from the reticulorumen was greater for
cows receiving compressed hay. Compressing alfalfa hay did not
adversely affect forage quality but increased the ease of
shipping and handling and minimized storage space
requirements. This process may be beneficial when higher milk
fat content is desirable or when cows have limited time to
consume forage.
50 NAL Call. No.: 8 P832J
Confinement feeding of dairy cows based on stargrass as green
chopped fodder or hay.
Randel, P.F.; Fernandez-van Cleve, J.
Mayaguez : University of Puerto Rico, Agricultural Experiment
Station; 1988 Apr.
The Journal of agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico v.
72 (2): p. 231-246; 1988 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Puerto Rico; Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian; Brown
swiss; Feed intake; Green fodders; Hay; Unrestricted feeding;
Milk production; Feed composition tables
51 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Continuous computer acquisition of feed and water intakes,
chewing, reticular motility, and ruminal pH of cattle.
Dado, R.G.; Allen, M.S.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Jun. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (6): p. 1589-1600; 1993
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Feed intake; Mastication;
Deglutition; Water intake; Measurement; Instruments; Computer
hardware; Computer software; Rumen; Ph
Abstract: The monitoring of feeding, chewing, and ruminal
activity was integrated into one data acquisition system for
continuous measurement of 12 dairy cows. Feed mangers were
hung from single-point load cells for measurement of feed
disappearance from individual stalls. Water flow meters,
inserted in supply lines for each stall, generated pulse
output for electronic summation of water intake. Jaw movements
were detected with a water-filled tube connected to a pressure
transducer under the cow's jaw to determine chewing activity.
Similar tubes were used to detect contractions in the
reticulum. Ruminal pH was monitored continuously with an
electrode and pH transmitter. All signals were processed and
recorded on a microcomputer using commercially available
computer hardware and software. One file was written for each
cow monitored. Data were interpreted using algorithms
developed with SAS software. Two studies were conducted with
10 lactating cows to evaluate the performance of acquisition
hardware, protocols, and interpretation algorithms. Use of
only one algorithm to interpret behavior of many cows
sacrificed accuracy of bout time borders for some individual
cows. Nonetheless, high correlations (r greater than or equal
to .85) between computer-interpreted and manually determined
variables indicated that performance of the acquisition system
was acceptable. With continuous measurement of many cow
feeding variables, a more complete understanding of dietary
effects on digestive function and performance is possible.
52 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 N811NC
Cool cows can conceive.
Washburn, S.P.
Raleigh, N.C. : North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service;
1989 Apr. North Carolina dairy extension newsletter. p. 4-5;
1989 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Summer; Conception rate
53 NAL Call. No.: SF191.D3
Cool cows equal persistent production.
Sauber, C.M.
Minnetonka, Minn. : Miller Publishing Company; 1989 May.
Dairy herd management v. 26 (5): p. 20-24, 26; 1989 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Florida; New York; Texas;
Arizona; Dairy herds; Heat stress; Cooling systems
54 NAL Call. No.: 6 AR44
Cool dairy cows more productive.
Kingdon, L.B.
Phoenix, Ariz. : Elliott L. Cushman; 1985 Jun.
Arizona farmer-stockman v. 64 (6): p. 11; 1985 Jun.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Dairy cows; Evaporative coolers; Milk
production
55 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 N811NC
Cooling cows with sprinklers and fans.
Knott, F.N.
Raleigh, N.C. : North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service;
1988 May. North Carolina dairy extension newsletter. p. 3;
1988 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Air conditioning; Fans
56 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
Cooling ponds and milk quality.
Bray, D.R.; DeLorenzo, M.A.; Elvinger, F.C.; Beede, D.K.;
Shearer, J.K.; Reed, P.A.; Boosinger, J.
Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1989.
Annual meeting - National Mastitis Council, Inc (28th): p.
188-197; 1989. Meeting held on February 9-11, 1989, Tampa,
Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Dairy cows; Heat stress; Cooling; Ponds;
Milk quality; Bovine mastitis; Water quality
57 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Correlation of indices of stress with intensity of electrical
shock for cows. Lefcourt, A.M.; Kahl, S.; Akers, R.M.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1986
Mar. Journal of dairy science v. 69 (3): p. 833-842; 1986 Mar.
Literature review. Includes 45 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Stress; Shock; Electric current;
Animal behavior; Milk yield; Correlation analysis
58 NAL Call. No.: aHD1401.J68
Cost, supply, and farm structure: a pedagogical note.
Teigen, L.D.
Washington, D.C : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research
Service : [Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., distributor], 1987-;
1993.
Journal of agricultural economics research v. 45 (1): p.
27-32; 1993. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Dairy farms; Production costs;
Production functions; Marginal analysis; Structural change;
Economic dualism; Livestock numbers
Abstract: Starting with an individual firm and its quadratic
production function, this paper derives all related functions:
marginal and average cost, supply, profit, and input demand.
Since derivatives in other functions correspond to parameters
of the quadratic, the results generalize. Explicit aggregation
from firm to market shows that properly specified aggregate
functions depend on firm numbers. To illustrate the results,
marginal and average cost functions for several dairy farms
are drawn to scale, noting that large farms get more output
per cow than small farms. Juxtaposing the cost curves with
trends in dairy farms by size shows the link between firm-
level profit and structural change.
59 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Cow sensitivity to electricity during milking.
Aneshansley, D.J.; Gorewit, R.C.; Price, L.R.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (10): p. 2733-2741; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Electricity; Animal behavior;
Electric current; Milking rate; Milk yield; Milk composition;
Lactation number; Residual milk; Blood serum; Hydrocortisone;
Animal welfare
Abstract: Alternating currents were delivered to lactating
cattle through the milk during milking. Electrodes were placed
at the top of each short milk tube and jointed for one
electrical contact. A metal grid on which the cows' rear
hooves stood during milking was the second contact. Constant
voltages (0 to 16 V) applied to contacts showed first
lactation cows to be more sensitive than multiple lactation
cows. First lactation cows kicked milking machines at 8 V
(currents > 5 mA), and multiple lactation cows kicked at 16 V
(currents > 8 mA). At lower voltages, there were no consistent
significant differences in milking duration, milk yield, or
composition for primary or residual milk. Application of
constant currents of 5 mA for first lactation cows and 8 mA
for multiple lactation cows produced no undesired behaviors
but did result in some differences in production variables.
Milking duration decreased during application of constant
current to first lactation cows. Blood cortisol monitored in
the multiple lactation cows during trial 2 showed a
significant increase during milking but was equivalent or less
during application of current. This study demonstrates that
currents of 5 mA or less, delivered through the milk line, did
not produce any direct economic effect. To produce this
current, voltages on the milk pipe line would have to be in
excess of 125 V (obvious human safety hazard) or in excess of
5 V on the claw of the milking cluster.
60 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Cow-calf behaviour in relation to first suckling.
Ventorp, M.; Michanek, P.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1991 Jul.
Research in veterinary science v. 51 (1): p. 6-10; 1991 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Calves; Newborn animals; Suckling;
Postpartum period; Feeding behavior; Animal behavior; Teats;
Time
Abstract: For the newborn calf, the length of time between
birth and when (and if) it manages to obtain its first suckle
plays an important role in the acquisition of passive
immunity. In a study of 21 pairs of dairy cows and their
calves, loose housed in individual calving boxes, the calves
suckled for the first time at a median of four hours, nine
minutes after birth. Nineteen suckled within 12 hours, with a
range between 50 minutes and 11 hours, 44 minutes. Calves that
were active early usually suckled early. However, irrespective
of the start of a calf's activities, long pauses while teat
seeking played a decisive role in the time of the first
suckling. Factors which affected the periodicity and length of
these pauses would therefore greatly influence the time of the
first suckling.
61 NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A35
Crack for cows?.
Kimbrell, A.
Englewood, Colo. : American Humane Association, Animal
Protection Division; 1994.
Advocate v. 12 (1): p. 22-23; 1994.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Animal welfare
62 NAL Call. No.: S67.E22
Daily temperature and reproductive efficiency in the Southeast
Louisiana Experiment Station dairy herd: 1983-1988.
Ingraham, R.H.; French, D.D.; Morgan, E.B.; Anthony, T.Y.;
Kappel, L.C. Baton Rouge?, La. : The Station; 1988.
Annual progress report - Southeast Research Station, Louisiana
Agricultural Experiment Station. p. 209-215; 1988.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Dairy cows; Conception rate; Heat
stress
63 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Dairy animal welfare: current and needed research.
Albright, J.L.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1987
Dec. Journal of dairy science v. 70 (12): p. 2711-2731; 1987
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Animal welfare; Conferences; Dairy
research; Animal behavior
64 NAL Call. No.: SF196.U6D35 1993
Dairy care practices.
Bath, Donald L.; Stull, Carolyn; DePeters, Ed; Beall, Gary,
Oakland, Calif.? : Dairy Workgroup : University of California,
Cooperative Extension, [1993?]; 1993.
i, 48 p. ; 28 cm. (Animal care series). Cover title.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42) and index.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Dairy farming
65 NAL Call. No.: SF61.M35 1988
Dairy cattle., 3rd ed.
Leaver, J.D.
London : Bailliere Tindall; 1988.
Management and welfare of farm animals. p. 13-45. ill; 1988.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: United Kingdom; Dairy cattle; Cattle husbandry;
Milk production; Animal welfare; Cattle housing; Animal
feeding; Reproduction; Disease control
66 NAL Call. No.: SF201.R47 1987
Dairy cattle production systems and management systems.
Thysen, I.; Kristensen, E.S.; Sorensen, J.T.; Ostergaard, V.
Copenhagen : Landhusholdningsselkabets Forlag; 1987.
Research in cattle production : Danish status and perspectives
: contribution in honor of A. Neimann-Sorensen, 1 May 1987 /
[B. Bech Andersen ... et al.].. p. 169-182; 1987. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Denmark; Dairy herds; Dairy cows; Cow housing;
Farm dairies; Cattle husbandry; Animal feeding; Costs;
Grazing; Animal research
67 NAL Call. No.: HV4702.H85
The dairy cow debacle: the government mandates face branding.
Fox, M.W.
Washington, D.C. : The Humane Society of the United States;
1986. The Humane Society of the United States News v. 31 (3):
p. 4-9. ill; 1986.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dairy cows; Faces; Branding; Usda;
Societies; Animal welfare; Legislation
68 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J824
A dairy farm survey of antibiotic treatment practices, residue
control methods and associations with inhibitors in milk.
McEwen, S.A.; Meek, A.H.; Black, W.D.
Ames, Iowa : International Association of Milk, Food, and
Environmental Sanitarians; 1991 Jun.
Journal of food protection v. 54 (6): p. 454-459; 1991 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Canada; Milk; Antibiotic residues; Farm surveys;
Farm management; Control methods; Inhibitors; Food
contamination; Testing; Medicated feeds; Regression analysis
Abstract: A mail survey was conducted of dairy producers who
had received a positive bulk milk antibiotic residue test
result in a two-year period (1987-88) of government monitoring
(case farms) and farms that were negative for all tests
conducted in the same period (control farms). Farmers were
asked to complete questionnaires designed to determine dairy
management practices, as well as, antibiotic handling and
residue prevention methods. Using multiple logistic regression
analysis, and adjusting for the size of the milking herd, the
following factors were associated with increased risk of
antibiotic residues in milk: the use of part-time assistance
in milking, use of a milking parlor and increased estimated
frequency of intramammary antibiotic treatments.
Unconditionally, significantly more control farmers used
separate equipment to milk treated cows rather than simply
attempting to divert milk from the bulk tank. Controls were
also more likely to vary the withholding time of milk for
different drugs. Other significant differences between cases
and controls with respect to residue prevention methods were
observed, however, some of these may have been due to changes
instituted on case farms after the antibiotic residue
violations occurred. For example, significantly more case than
control farmers reported using on-farm residue test kits and
marking of treated animals as residue prevention methods and
more case farmers believed that failure to keep good records
of treatment was an important factor in residue occurrence. No
significant differences were observed in the proportions of
case and control farms that used medicated feed, in the number
of people employed on the farm, or in the general knowledge of
antibiotic residue prevention.
69 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
Dairy free stall bedding systems and udder health.
Britten, A.M.
Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1994.
Annual meeting /. p. 292-299; 1994. Meeting held on January
31-February 2, 1994, Orlando, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cattle husbandry; Hygiene; Udders;
Litter; Cubicles
70 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Dairy herd improvement: meeting the information needs of the
dairy industry through a totally integrated cooperative.
Whittaker, W.G.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1994
Jul. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (7): p. 1992-1998; 1994
Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy herds; Milk production; Information needs;
Grazing; Production costs; Dairy industry; Dairy cooperatives;
Dairy farms; Profitability
Abstract: The New Zealand dairy industry comprises 2.5
million dairy cows milked in 14,600 herds. Dairy herd
improvement has been restructured over the past 8 yr into a
single legal entity operating as a farmer cooperative company.
The cooperative encompasses the national milk records
operations; a single dairy records processing center with an
associated national animal database; the development,
management, and calculation of sire and cow evaluations; and
the deployment of scientific and technical resources for
research and development of products and services. Also
included is 1) the operation of the country's largest progeny-
testing program, an artificial breeding, semen, and
inseminating service commanding 80% of the artificial
insemination market, and 2) the management of the industry's
farm extension service. The extension service and the marginal
cost of developing and operating sire and cow evaluations are
funded through an industry grant. All other operations,
including farm management information, are fully funded by
users. The totally integrated operation allows cost-effective
utilization of personnel, facilities, and equipment. Industry
management information is made available to the industry,
universities, and research organizations without charge.
71 NAL Call. No.: SF239.I45 1985
Dairy housing and equipment handbook., [Rev.].
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1985.
Illinois-Iowa dairy handbook / University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign [and] Iowa State University at Ames,
Cooperative Extension Service. 113 p. ill., maps; 1985.
(MWPS-7), 4th ed., 1985.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dairy cattle; Cow housing; Calf housing;
Dairy equipment; Farm equipment; Handbooks
72 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 IN28
Dairy management practices of bovines in key village and non-
key village areas around Karnal.
Agarwal, S.B.; Sharma, K.N.S.
New Delhi : Indian Dairy Association; 1986 Mar.
The Indian journal of dairy science v. 29,i.e.39 (1): p. 6-12;
1986 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Haryana; Cows; Buffaloes; Dairy farming; Milking;
Animal feeding; Animal breeding; Animal housing
73 NAL Call. No.: SF206.I58 1994
Dairy systems for the 21st century proceedings of the Third
International Dairy Housing Conference, 2-5 February, 1994,
Orlando, Florida.. Dairy systems for the Twenty-first century
Bucklin, Ray
American Society of Agricultural Engineers
International Dairy Housing Conference 3rd : 1994 : Orlando,
Fla. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers,; 1994. xv, 858 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. Includes
bibliographical references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Milking parlors
74 NAL Call. No.: TH4911.F37
Dairy unit for the Falkland Islands.
Watson, G.A.L.
Aberdeen : Scottish Farm Buildings Investigation Unit; 1985
Jul. Farm building progress (81): p. 27-28. ill; 1985 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Falkland Islands; Dairy cattle; Cow housing;
Building construction
75 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Dairy youngstock environment in Pennsylvania--a survey.
Heinrichs, A.J.; Graves, R.E.; Kiernan, N.E.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1985.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 85-4548): 17 p.; 1985. Paper presented
at the 1985 Winter Meeting of the American Society of
Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Dairy cattle; Calves; Heifers;
Housing; Farming; Practice
76 NAL Call. No.: TH4911.F37
Darnaway Farm Visitor Centre, Forres.
Sommer, M.
Aberdeen : Scottish Farm Buildings Investigation Unit; 1985
Jul. Farm building progress (81): p. 17-21. ill., maps; 1985
Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Scotland; Dairy farming; Visitor centers; Cow
housing; Demonstration farms
77 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Data modeling for database design in production and health
monitoring systems for dairy herds.
Lescourret, F.; Genest, M.; Barnouin, J.; Chassagne, M.; Faye,
B. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Apr. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (4): p. 1053-1062; 1993
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Dairy herds; Databases; Monitoring;
Milk production; Models; Life history; Cattle feeding; Farm
management
Abstract: Monitoring systems, increasingly used in dairy
herds, require carefully designed databases. Database design
involves modeling, which is generally not treated in papers
dealing with such monitoring systems. We present general rules
of data modeling based on the analysis of the semantic
structure of information and their application to the
construction of five basic data models. Such models are not
database structures; a single model can be translated into
different database structures. Modeling choices related to
utilization requirements are explained. The models provide a
sound basis for database schemes that prevent redundancy and
support various applications in production and health
monitoring systems for dairy herds and refer to information
sets at either the cow or the farm level, including unique
life history features, individual morbidity, production and
reproduction performance, herd management systems, and feeding
practices. The efficiency of the models is illustrated by
their contribution to a real database; emphasis is on their
integration into a model, on the ease of translation into
relational database tables, and on subsequent database
performance.
78 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Delays in drinking due to AC voltages.
Gorewit, R.C.; Aneshansley, D.J.; Ludington, D.C.; Pellerin,
R.A. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 88-3524): 16 p. ill; 1988. Paper
presented at the 1988 Winter Meeting of the American Society
of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Housing; Stray voltage; Drinking
behavior
79 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82
Design loads for slatted floors in cattle buildings.
Dumelow, J.; Sharples, T.
London : Academic Press; 1993 Jun.
Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 55 (2): p.
171-175; 1993 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle housing; Dairy cows; Slatted floors;
Loads; Design
Abstract: The live loads exerted by large dairy cows on a
reinforced concrete cattle slat were measured. The horizontal
and vertical design live loads obtained from analysis of the
data were both slightly higher than current BSI
recommendations.
80 NAL Call. No.: SF55.P3A5
Design of an ideal stanchion type commercial dairy barn for
Bangladesh. Wallah, M.W.
Mymensingh, Bangladesh : Bangladesh Animal Husbandry
Association; 1986. Bangladesh journal of animal science v. 15
(1/2): p. 62-68. ill; 1986. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Bangladesh; Dairy cows; Cow housing; Barns;
Design; Herd size
81 NAL Call. No.: SF221.D342
Design of dairy cow housing systems in the United Kingdom.
Sumner, J.
Ames, Iowa : International Association of Milk, Food and
Environmental Sanitarians, Inc; 1991 Nov.
Dairy, food and environmental sanitation v. 11 (11): p.
650-653; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uk; Dairy cows; Cow housing; Design; Trends;
Cubicles
82 NAL Call. No.: SF779.5.A1B6
The design of feeding barriers and managers and its effect on
incidence of injuries and feed wastage.
Cermak, J.
Stillwater, Okla. : American Association of Bovine
Practitioners; 1988 Nov. The Bovine practitioner (23): p.
74-75; 1988 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heifers; Dairy cows; Beef bulls; Managers; Animal
feeding; Barriers; Design; Injuries; Incidence; Feeds; Wastage
83 NAL Call. No.: SF779.5.A1B6
Design of slip-resistant surfaces for dairy cattle buildings.
Cermak, J.
Stillwater, Okla. : American Association of Bovine
Practitioners; 1988 Nov. The Bovine practitioner (23): p.
76-78; 1988 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Cattle housing; Surfaces; Floors;
Slips; Prevention
84 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
Designing dairy facilities to assist in management and to
enhance animal environment.
Bickert, W.G.
Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1994.
Annual meeting /. p. 232-240; 1994. Meeting held on January
31-February 2, 1994, Orlando, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Milking parlors; Structural design; Planning;
Barns; Cattle husbandry; Farm equipment
85 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27P
Designing dairy free stalls.
Gamroth, M.J.; Moore, J.A.
Pullman, Wash. : The Service; 1987 Sep.
Extension bulletin - Washington State University, Cooperative
Extension Service (321): 4 p. ill; 1987 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Dairy cows; Stalls; Cow housing
86 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Designing secondary electrical systems to minimize neutral-to-
earth voltage. Surbrook, T.C.; Reese, N.D.; Althouse, J.R.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 88-3526): 8 p.; 1988. Paper presented
at the 1988 Winter Meeting of the American Society of
Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle housing; Dairy cows; Stray voltage; Animal
behavior
87 NAL Call. No.: SF91.I5 1988
Developing improved designs of skid-resistant floors for dairy
cattle buildings.
Dumelow, J.; Albutt, R.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1988. Livestock environment III : proceedings of
the Third International Livestock Environment Symposium, April
25-27, 1988, Constellation Hotel, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. p.
163-170. ill; 1988. (ASAE publication ; 1-88). Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: United Kingdom; Farm dairies; Floors; Concrete;
Surface roughness; Lameness; Slip resistant finishes;
Instrumentation; Simulation
88 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Developmental changes in embryonic resistance to adverse
effects of maternal heat stress in cows.
Ealy, A.D.; Drost, M.; Hansen, P.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (10): p. 2899-2905; 1993
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Embryos; Embryonic development; Heat
stress; Body temperature; Heat tolerance; Embryo mortality
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine
whether bovine embryos become more resistant to deleterious
effects of maternal heat stress as early embryonic development
progresses. Superovulated, lactating Holstein cows were bred
by AI and assigned to be heat stressed on d 1, 3, 5, or 7 of
pregnancy (d 0 = day of estrus) or not heat stressed
(control). Embryos were retrieved from the uterus on d 8 and
evaluated for viability and stage of development. Compared
with embryos of control cows, embryos of cows receiving heat
stress on d 1 had decreased viability and development.
Maternal heat stress on other days had no detrimental effect
on embryonic viability or stage of development. Bovine embryos
become more resistant to adverse effects of maternal heat
stress as pregnancy progresses; substantial resistance
develops by d 3. This information may be useful in design of
environmental modification systems that provide cooling at
critical periods of gestation to enhance pregnancy rates
during summer in hot climates.
89 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163
Diurnal patterns of estrous behavior of dairy cows housed in a
free stall. Amyot, E.; Hurnik, J.F.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1987 Sep.
Canadian journal of animal science v. 67 (3): p. 605-614; 1987
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Estrous behavior; Diurnal variation;
Illumination; Cow housing; Estrus; Detection
90 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Diurnal temperature patterns of early lactating cows with
milking parlor cooling.
Araki, C.T.; Nakamura, R.M.; Kam, L.W.G.; Clarke, N.L.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1985
Jun. Journal of dairy science v. 68 (6): p. 1496-1501. ill;
1985 Jun. Includes 10 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Body temperature; Cooling; Milking
parlors; Milking interval
91 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Dry period heat stress relief effects on prepartum
progesterone, calf birth weight, and milk production.
Wolfenson, D.; Flamenbaum, I.; Berman, A.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1988
Mar. Journal of dairy science v. 71 (3): p. 809-818; 1988 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Dry period; Prepartum
period; Progesterone; Milk production; Calves; Birth weight
92 NAL Call. No.: HV4804.A3A4
Dying for the dairy.
Petersfield [Hampshire] : Compassion in World Farming; 1987
Jun. Agscence : news & comments on agriculture and the
environment (88): p. 2-3. ill; 1987 Jun.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Animal health; Pain; Animal welfare;
Disease prevention; Animal husbandry; Somatotropin; Stress
93 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
A dynamic weight logging system for dairy cows.
Ren, J.; Buck, N.L.; Spahr, S.L.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1992 Mar. Transactions of the ASAE v. 35 (2): p.
719-725; 1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Liveweight; Milking parlors; Cattle
weighers; Computer techniques
Abstract: A scale for automatically weighing dairy cows was
developed and tested. The scale consists of a weigh bridge
supported by two load bars placed in the return alley of a
milking parlor. When a cow walks over the weigh bridge, each
load bar generates an analog signal. A summing amplifier
combines the signals. An ADC-1 data acquisition device
digitizes and transmits the amplifier output to the serial
port of a computer. A program written in C records the cow's
weight and identification number. At the end of milking,
another program processes the recorded raw data and computes
the measured weight of each cow detected.
94 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Economic, political, and global demands on the United States
dairy industry. Olson, K.E.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (10): p. 3133-3142; 1993
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Milk production; International trade;
Animal welfare; Food safety; Consumer attitudes; Dairy
technology; Technology transfer; Dairy industry; Trends
Abstract: Since 1970, average milk production per cow in the
US has increased by 2321 kg. During this time, the number of
cows has decreased by 2,010,000, and the number of farms with
milk cows is less than one-third the previous level. These
trends are likely to continue. Although increased productivity
has made US producers among the most efficient in the world,
many challenges will emerge in the near future. Reduced
government involvement that is partially due to budget
constraints will contribute to greater price variations than
in the past; international trade may offer new opportunities
for increased sales if current trade negotiations are
successful; and environmental concerns, animal welfare issues,
and consumer preferences will continue to challenge the
industry. Basic and applied research, technology transfer, and
responsible legislation will be needed to assist the industry
in meeting these challenges. Most of all, active producer
participation in setting research priorities and the
legislative agenda is necessary for the industry to progress.
95 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Economic weights for milk yield traits and herd life under
various economic conditions and production quotas.
Harris, B.L.; Freeman, A.E.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Mar. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (3): p. 868-879; 1993 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Linear models; Linear programming;
Dairy traits; Economic impact; Milk prices; Milk production
costs; Quotas; Herd structure
Abstract: A linear programming model was used to derive
economic weights for yield traits and herd life from a farm
system under different milk markets, protein to fat price
ratios, and feed costs. The model allowed optimization of the
system over time, simultaneously optimizing management
resource and capital allocation and optimizing future genetics
of the animal. The change from fluid to manufacturing use of
milk had considerable effect on the economic weights for the
yield traits but little effect on the weights for herd life.
The effect of changes in feed costs was greatest on the
economic weights for herd life. Changes in the protein to fat
price ratio had little effect on the economic weights for milk
carrier yield and herd life but affected the relative
magnitudes for fat and protein yields substantially. Economic
weights were computed with milk carrier quota, fat quota, and
milk carrier and fat quotas, assuming constant herd size and
midwestern prices and costs. Economic weights for the yield
traits under quota were negative. Those for herd life
increased substantially under production quotas. Economic
weights were also computed when enterprise rescaling was taken
into account. The optimum for rescaling the enterprise
depended on the economic severity of the quota system.
96 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163
The effect of assistance at calving, injections of recombinant
bovine somatotropin and jugular catheterization on serum
cortisol and its influence on the GnRH-induced LH response in
postpartum dairy cows. Lefebvre, D.M.; Gallo, G.F.; Block, E.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1990 Jun.
Canadian journal of animal science v. 70 (2): p. 723-726; 1990
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Postpartum interval; Stress;
Reproductive disorders; Somatotropin; Catheters; Cortisol; Lh;
Gonadotropin releasing hormone
97 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effect of drinking water temperature on heat stress of dairy
cows. Stermer, R.A.; Brasington, C.F.; Coppock, C.E.; Lanham,
J.K.; Milam, K.Z. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association; 1986 Feb. Journal of dairy science v. 69 (2): p.
546-551; 1986 Feb. Includes 15 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Chilling; Drinking
water; Temperatures; Body temperature; Respiration rate
98 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
The effect of environment and stage of the oestrous cycle on
the behaviour of diary cows.
Phillips, C.J.C.; Schofield, S.A.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Aug.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 27 (1/2): p. 21-31; 1990
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Estrous cycle; Sexual behavior;
Behavior patterns; Cow housing; Cubicles; Pastures
99 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Effect of environmental heat stress on follicular development
and steroidogenesis in lactating Holstein cows.
Badinga, L.; Thatcher, W.W.; Diaz, T.; Drost, M.; Wolfenson,
D. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1993 Apr.
Theriogenology v. 39 (4): p. 797-810; 1993 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Subtropics; Summer; Shade; Graafian
follicles
Abstract: Lactating Holstein cows were utilized over two
replicate periods (July and September, 1990) to examine the
effect of summer heat stress on follicular growth and
steroidogenesis. On day of synchronized ovulations, cows were
assigned to shade (n = 11) or no shade (n = 12) management
systems. Follicular development was monitored daily by
ultrasonography until ovariectomy on Day 8 post estrus. At
time of ovariectomy, dominant and second largest follicles
were dissected from the ovary. Aromatase activity and steroid
concentrations in dominant and subordinate follicles were
measured. Acute heat stress had no effects on patterns of
growth of first wave dominant and subordinate follicles
between Days 1 and 7 of the cycle. Compared with shaded cows,
the heat stressed cows did not have suppression of medium size
(6 to 9 mm) follicles between Days 5 and 7. A treatment X
follicle interaction was detected (P < 0.01) for follicular
diameter and fluid volume at Day 8. Dominant follicles in
shade were bigger (16.4 > 14.5 mm) and contained more fluid
(1.9 > 1.1 ml) than dominant follicles in no shade.
Conversely, subordinate follicles in no shade were bigger
(10.1 > 7.9 mm) and contained more fluid (0.4 > 0.2 ml) than
subordinate follicles in shade. Concentrations of estradiol in
plasma and follicular fluid were higher (P < 0.01) in July
than in September. Heat stress appears to alter the efficiency
of follicular selection and dominance, and to have adverse
effects on the quality of ovarian follicles.
100 NAL Call. No.: 49 N62
Effect of environmental temperature on major mineral
metabolism of cows during feeding and fasting.
Kume, S.; Shibata, M.; Kurihara, M.; Aii, T.
Tokyo : Nihon Chikusan Gakkai; 1986 Aug.
Nihon Chikusan Gakkai ho; Japanese journal of zootechnical
science v. 57 (8): p. 679-686; 1986 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Feeding; Fasting; Environmental
temperature; Mineral metabolism; Heat stress; Calcium;
Phosphorus; Magnesium
101 NAL Call. No.: SF600.C82
The effect of extra space on the behavior of dairy cows kept
in a cubicle house.
Wierenga, H.K.; Metz, J.H.M.; Hopster, H.
The Hague : Martinus Nijhoff; 1985.
Current topics in veterinary medicine and animal science v.
35: p. 160-170. ill; 1985. Paper presented at the "Seminar on
the Social Space for Domestic Animals," January 10-11, 1985,
Brussels. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cubicles; Animal behavior; Housing
density; Spacing
102 NAL Call. No.: 340.8 IN8
Effect of farm and simulated laboratory cold environmental
conditions on the performance and physiological responses of
lactating dairy cows supplemented with bovine somatotropin
(BST).
Becker, B.A.; Johnson, H.D.; Li, R.; Collier, R.J.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1990.
International journal of biometeorology v. 34 (3): p. 151-156;
1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Lactating females; Somatotropin;
Hormone supplements; Milk production; Milk yield; Milk
composition; Feed intake; Blood chemistry; Cold stress;
Environmental factors; Winter; Farm tests; Laboratory tests
Abstract: A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of
bovine somatotropin (BST) supplementation in twelve lactating
dairy cows maintained in cold environmental conditions. Six
cows were injected daily with 25 mg of BST; the other six were
injected with a control vehicle. Cows were maintained under
standard dairy management during mid-winter for 30 days. Milk
production was recorded twice daily, and blood samples were
taken weekly. Animals were then transferred to environmentally
controlled chambers and exposed to cycling thermoneutral (15
degrees to 20 degrees C) and cycling cold (-5degrees to +5
degrees C) temperatures for 10 days in a split-reversal
design. Milk production, feed and water intake, body weights
and rectal temperatures were monitored. Blood samples were
taken on days 1, 3, 5, 8 and 10 of each period and analyzed
for plasma triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4). cortisol.
insulin and prolactin. Under farm conditions, BST-treated cows
produced 11% more milk than control-treated cows and in
environmentally controlled chambers produced 17.4% more milk.
No differences due to BST in feed or water intake, body
weights or rectal temperatures were found under laboratory
conditions. Plasma T3 and insulin increased due to BST
treatment while no effect was found on cortisol, prolactin or
T4. The results showed that the benefits of BST
supplementation in lactating dairy cows were achieved under
cold environmental conditions.
103 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Effect of heat stress on conception in a dairy herd model
under South African conditions.
Du Preez, J.H.; Terblanche, S.J.; Giesecke, W.H.; Maree, C.;
Welding, M.C. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991
May.
Theriogenology v. 35 (5): p. 1039-1049; 1991 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Africa; Dairy cows; Friesian; Conception
rate; Heat stress; Air temperature; Relative humidity;
Regression analysis; Seasonal variation
Abstract: Three regression models are proposed for predicting
reproduction in a model dairy herd under South African
conditions. Conception rate (CR%) was related to mean monthly
temperature-humidity index (THI) by; CR% = 31.15THI -
0.25THI(2) - 890.2, and first service conception rate (FSCR%)
to THI by; FSCR% = 173.45 - 1.79THI. Conception rate was
related to numerical month of the year (M) by; CR% = 11.86M -
0.82M(2) + 26.36. The relation between mean monthly THI values
and the conception rate of dairy cattle is significant.
Further investigations to test the proposed regression models
under various dairy herd conditions and to improve
reproduction in South African dairy herds are needed.
104 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 On1
Effect of heat stress on conception in a dairy-herd model in
the Natal highlands of South Africa.
Du Preez, J.H.; Willemse, J.J.C.; Ark, H. van
Onderstepoort : Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute,
Agricultural Research Council; 1994 Mar.
The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research v. 61 (1): p.
1-6; 1994 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Africa; Cabt; Dairy cattle; Dairy herds;
Heat stress; Conception rate; Environmental temperature;
Relative humidity; Seasonal variation; Models; Prediction
105 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222
Effect of heat stress on tonic and GnRH-induced gonadotrophin
secretion in relation to concentration of oestradiol in plasma
of cyclic cows. Gilad, E.; Meidan, R.; Berman, A.; Graber, Y.;
Wolfenson, D. Essex, U.K. : Journal of Reproduction and
Fertility; 1993 Nov. Journal of reproduction and fertility v.
99 (2): p. 315-321; 1993 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Lactating females; Heat stress;
Estradiol; Gnrh; Lh; Fsh; Hormone secretion; Estrous cycle
Abstract: Effects of acute and seasonal heat stress on tonic
and GnRH-induced LH and FSH secretion were examined during the
early follicular phase of the oestrous cycle of cows (n = 40).
Prostaglandin F2alpha was injected on day 11 +/- 1 of the
oestrous cycle and on the next day blood samples were
collected at intervals of 15-20 min for 14 h, and i.m.
injection of GnRH was given after 7 h. Treatments compared
were control versus acute heat stress during blood sampling in
winter, and cooled versus chronic heat stress in summer.
Before GnRH injection, chronic heat stress in summer did not
affect basal concentrations of plasma LH, but did lower LH
pulse amplitude. However, in cows with low plasma oestradiol
(1.9 +/- 0.2 pg ml-1), the mean and basal concentrations and
amplitude of tonic LH pulses were reduced by heat stress (3.1,
2.1 and 4.8 versus 1.9, 1.4 and 2.5 ng ml-1, respectively). In
cows with high plasma oestradiol (6.3 + 0.5 pg ml-1), these
parameters were not affected. In chronically heat stressed
cows in summer, GnRH-induced increases in plasma LH and FSH
concentrations were the same as in the cooled controls.
However, in cows with low plasma oestradiol, mean
concentrations of FSH in plasma (31.8 versus 25.5 ng ml-1, the
peak of the GnRH-induced FSH and LH surge (FSH 47.4 versus
35.6 ng ml-1, LH 50.7 versus 37.3 ng ml-1 ) and the shape of
the GnRH-induced FSH and LH curves (treatment by time
interaction) were significantly lower in non-cooled versus
cooled controls. The GnRH-induced increase in LH secretion was
unaffected by chronic heat stress in cows with high
concentrations of oestradiol in plasma. In winter, acute heat
stress depressed the mean concentration of FSH in plasma and
decreased the GnRH-induced release of FSH in cases with low
but not with high concentrations of oestradiol in plasma. The
peak of the GnRH-induced surge of LH in all acutely heat
stressed cows was significantly lower in winter than in
control cows, irrespective of concentrations of oestradiol in
plasma. These results show that heat stress affects the
secretion of gonadotrophins more in cows with low
concentrations of oestradiol than in those with high
concentrations of oestradiol in plasma.
106 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Effect of heat-stress on bovine embryo development in vitro.
Ryan, D.P.; Blakewood, E.G.; Lynn, J.W.; Munyakazi, L.; Godke,
R.A. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science;
1992 Nov. Journal of animal science v. 70 (11): p. 3490-3497;
1992 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Embryo culture; Heat stress;
Embryonic development; Carbon dioxide; Morula; Prostaglandins
Abstract: Chronic elevation of uterine temperature has long
been known to increase embryo mortality in dairy cattle.
Short-term elevation in temperature of mouse embryos to 43
degrees C (acute) has been shown to induce intracellular
production of heat-shock proteins. In this study, in vitro
development of bovine embryos was assessed during short-term
(60 h) coculture with oviduct epithelial cells at 38.6 degrees
C (T1), 40 degrees C (T2), 38.6 degrees C after a prior pulse
treatment (20 min) at 43 degrees C with 5% CO2 (T3), or 38.6
degrees C after a prior pulse treatment (20 min) at 43 degrees
C with 100% CO2 (T4). During incubation, embryos cocultured at
40 degrees C had a greater (P < .05) mean embryo development
score at 36 h than embryos cocultured at 38.6 degrees C. At 60
h of incubation, embryo development scores were greater (P <
.05) for embryos cultured at 38.6 degrees C than for those
cocultured at 40 degrees C. The number of embryos hatched at
60 h was similar after coculture at 38.6 degrees C (T1) or a
prior pulse treatment with 5% CO2 and 43 degrees C (T3), but
the embryo development score at 60 h was greater (P < .05) for
the pulse-treated embryos. Embryos in T4 had greater (P < .05)
embryo development scores than did T1 embryos from 36 through
60 h. Pulse treatment (T4) resulted in a greater (P < .05)
number of hatched embryos at 60 h than T1, T2, and T3. These
results indicate a detrimental effect of a chronic elevation
in temperature that was evident shortly after embryo hatching.
However, an acute rise in temperature at the morula stage
increased the rate of embryo development. This may be
associated with the production of heat-shock proteins that
enabled embryos to tolerate the in vitro stress of the culture
environment.
107 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
Effect of heifer size at mating and calving on milk production
during first lactation.
Thomas, G.W.; Mickan, F.J.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization; 1987.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 27 (4): p.
481-483; 1987. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Victoria; Heifers; Dairy cows; Liveweight; Size;
Calving; Milk production; Lactation; Conception; Mating
108 NAL Call. No.: SF601.T7
Effect of high daytime temperatures on the intake and
utilisation of water in lactating Friesian cows.
Richard, J.I.
Edinburgh : Longman; 1985 Nov.
Tropical animal health and production v. 17 (4): p. 209-217;
1985 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tropics; Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian;
Environmental temperature; Tropical climate; Water intake;
Water excretion; Acclimatization; Laboratory tests; Lactation;
Heat stress
109 NAL Call. No.: SF55.A78A7
Effect of hot environment on Ca and P metabolism in dairy cow.
Kume, S.; Takahashi, S.; Kurihara, M.; Ali, T.
Suweon, Korea : Asian-Australasian Association of Animal
Production Societies; 1989 Sep.
Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences v. 2 (3): p.
259-260; 1989 Sep. Paper presented at the "VII International
Symposium on Ruminant Physiology: Physiological Aspects of
Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants", August 28-September 1,
1989, Sendai, Japan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Mineral metabolism
110 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effect of Re-17 mutant Salmonella typhimurium bacterin toxoid
on clinical coliform mastitis.
McClure, A.M.; Christopher, E.E.; Wolff, W.A.; Fales, W.H.;
Krause, G.F.; Miramonti, J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1994
Aug. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (8): p. 2272-2280; 1994
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Bovine mastitis; Coliform bacteria;
Vaccination; Salmonella typhimurium; Toxoids; Lactation
number; Mortality; Lactation stage; Incidence; Rain;
Streptococcus
Abstract: The objective of this study was to test the
hypothesis that the incidence and severity of clinical
coliform mastitis could be decreased by Re-17 mutant
Salmonella typhimurium bacterin toxoid. Holstein-Friesian cows
from two Arizona dairies were selected for this study based on
July through November projected calving dates; peak lactation
occurred during the period of highest rainfall and peak
environmental stress. The cows were randomly assigned to
either a vaccinate or a control group, and 1292 cows were
paired by herd, parity, calving date, and milk yield. The 646
vaccinates were injected twice during the third trimester of
pregnancy with an Re-17 mutant S. typhimurium bacterin toxoid,
and the 646 controls were not vaccinated. Vaccinated cows had
significantly fewer clinical cases of coliform mastitis with
positive coliform cultures and had lower culling rate from
coliform mastitis than control cows during the first 5 mo of
lactation. During the same period, the mortality rate from
clinical coliform mastitis was 75% less in the vaccinated
clinical coliform mastitic group than in the control group.
Incidence of mastitis increased with advancing parity. The
Re-17 mutant Salmonella typhimurium bacterin toxoid provided
cross-protection against coliform mastitis; incidence and
severity of clinical coliform mastitis were significantly
lowered during the first 5 months of lactation.
111 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effect of season and stage of lactation on performance of
Holsteins. Perera, K.S.; Gwazdauskas, F.C.; Pearson, R.E.;
Brumback, T.B. Jr Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association; 1986 Jan. Journal of dairy science v. 69 (1): p.
228-236. ill; 1986 Jan. Includes 31 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy performance; Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian;
Lactation stage; Seasonal fluctuations; Animal housing; Milk
production; Housing temperature and humidity; Statistical
analysis
112 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Effect of soybean hull:soy lecithin-soapstock mixture on
ruminal digestion and performance of growing beef calves and
lactating dairy cattle. Shain, D.H.; Sindt, M.H.; Grant, R.J.;
Klopfenstein, T.J.; Stock, R.A. Champaign, Ill. : American
Society of Animal Science; 1993 May. Journal of animal science
v. 71 (5): p. 1266-1275; 1993 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Calves; Soybean husks; Soybean
soapstock; Lectins; Rumen digestion; Crude protein; Protein
digestion; Maize; Diet; Nutrient content; Feed intake; Milk
yield; Milk composition; Volatile fatty acids; Energy balance;
Body condition
Abstract: Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the
effect of a soybean hull, soy lecithin, and soapstock mixture
on ruminal fiber and protein digestion, growth efficiency of
beef calves, and lactational performance of dairy cattle. An
initial mixing experiment determined that a 4:1 ratio (DM
basis) of soy lecithin:soapstock could be added to soybean
hulls at 15% (wt/wt, DM basis); this mixture had acceptable
mixing and handling characteristics. Dietary addition of a
mixture of 85% soybean hulls, 12% soy lecithin, and 3%
soapstock (DM basis; SLS) to provide 0, 3, 5, or 7%
supplemental fat resulted in a linear (P < .01) decrease in in
situ rate of ruminal NDF digestion with no effect on rate of
CP digestion. Daily gain, DMI, and feed efficiency (kilograms
of gain/kilogram of DMI) of growing beef calves were not
affected (P > .10) as graded levels of SLS replaced corn
grain. However, as graded levels of SLS replaced soybean
hulls, daily gain and feed efficiency increased linearly (P <
.01). Based on the results of these trials, Holstein dairy
cattle were fed four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets
that contained either high levels of nonfiber carbohydrates
(43%) and no added fat, 1% ruminally inert fat, a 6% level of
SLS, or a 12% SLS level (all on DM basis). Efficiency of 4%
fat-corrected milk production (kilograms of milk/kilogram of
DMI) was greatest for cows fed SLS at 6% of dietary DM. The
SLS mixture was an excellent source of fiber and vegetable
fat, comparable in feeding value to corn grain, for inclusion
in the diets of beef calves and dairy cows.
113 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
Effect of stage of lactation and feeding level on milk yield
response by stall-fed dairy cows to change in pasture intake.
Grainger, C.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization; 1990.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 30 (4): p.
495-501; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Victoria; Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian; Jersey;
Crossbreds; Inbred lines; Feed intake; Lactation; Milk
composition; Milk yield; Pastures; Unrestricted feeding
114 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 ON1
The effect of stress on udder health of dairy cows.
Giesecke, W.H.
Pretoria : South Africa, Dept. of Agriculture and Water
Supply; 1985 Sep. The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary
research v. 52 (3): p. 175-193; 1985 Sep. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Animal health; Stress; Lactation;
Udders; Disease resistance; Environment
115 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55
The effect of summer decline in conception rate on the monthly
milk production pattern in Israel.
Kahn, H.E.
East Lothian, Scotland : Durrant; 1991 Oct.
Animal production v. 53 (pt.2): p. 127-131; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Milk production;
Conception; Simulation models; Seasonal fluctuations
116 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of a hot climate on the performance of first lactation
Holstein cows grouped by coat color.
King, V.L.; Denise, S.K.; Armstrong, D.V.; Torabi, M.;
Wiersma, F. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association; 1988 Apr. Journal of dairy science v. 71 (4): p.
1093-1096; 1988 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian; Heat
stress; Climate; Coat; Color; Milk production; Reproductive
performance
117 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Effects of acute thermal stress and amount of feed intake on
concentrations of somatotropin, insulin-like growth factor
(IGF)-I and IGF-II, and thyroid hormones in plasma of
lactating Holstein cows.
McGuire, M.A.; Beede, D.K.; Collier, R.J.; Buonomo, F.C.;
DeLorenzo, M.A.; Wilcox, C.J.; Huntington, G.B.; Reynolds,
C.K.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991
May. Journal of animal science v. 69 (5): p. 2050-2056; 1991
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Feed intake; Insulin-
like growth factor; Body temperature; Blood plasma;
Somatotropin; Thyroid hormones; Restricted feeding;
Environmental temperature
Abstract: Our objective was to evaluate effects of acute
thermal stress, independent of reduced feed intake caused by
elevated temperatures, and of reduced feed intake in thermal
comfort on plasma concentrations of somatotropin, insulin-like
growth factors I and II, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine. Six
Holstein cows (averaging 475 +/- 18 kg BW, 2.3 +/-.3 parities,
and 96 +/- 12 d in lactation) surgically fitted with catheters
in the hepatic portal vein, mesenteric vein, and intercostalis
posterior artery were exposed to treatments of thermal comfort
environments with ad libitum or restricted (75% of ad libitum)
DM intake and a thermal stress environment with ad libitum
intake in two balanced 3 X 3 Latin squares. Thermal stress
increased rectal temperatures and respiration rates. Dry
matter intake of the thermal-stressed cows offered feed ad
libitum (11.1 +/- .7 kg/d) was similar to the experimentally
imposed reduction in DM intake of the thermal comfort
restricted group (11.5 +/- .7 kg/d). Dry matter intake of cows
in thermal comfort was 15.1 +/- .7 kg/d. Plasma somatotropin
concentrations tended (P < .08) to decrease daring thermal
stress but were unchanged by amount of feed intake in thermal
comfort environments. Concentrations of IGF-I were not
affected by treatments. Concentrations of IGF-II tended (P <
.14) to increase with thermal stress compared with thermal
comfort treatments. Thyroxine concentrations tended (P < .15)
to increase in the thermal stress treatment compared with the
thermal comfort restricted intake treatment. Triiodothyronine
tended (P < .11) to decrease with restriction in feed intake
in the thermal comfort environment. Overall, effects of
nutrition and thermal stress did not markedly alter
concentrations of metabolic hormones in lactating dairy cows.
118 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3
Effects of administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin
on the response of lactating and nonlactating cows to heat
stress.
Cole, J.A.; Hansen, P.J.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1993 Jul01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 203
(1): p. 113-117; 1993 Jul01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Heat stress; Solar
radiation; Lactating females; Dry period; Milk yield
119 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of bovine somatotropin on dry matter intake, milk
yield, and body temperature in Holstein and Jersey cows during
heat stress. West, J.W.; Mullinix, B.G.; Johnson, J.C. Jr;
Ash, K.A.; Taylor, V.N. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy
Science Association; 1990 Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 73
(10): p. 2896-2906; 1990 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Somatotropin; Feed
intake; Milk yield; Body temperature; Holstein-friesian;
Jersey; Body weight; Body condition
120 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of bovine somatotropin on milk yield and composition,
dry matter intake, and some physiological functions of
Holstein cows during heat stress. Zoa-Mboe, A.; Head, H.H.;
Bachman, K.C.; Baccari, F. Jr; Wilcox, C.J. Champaign, Ill. :
American Dairy Science Association; 1989 Apr. Journal of dairy
science v. 72 (4): p. 907-916; 1989 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian; Heat stress;
Somatotropin; Milk yield; Milk composition; Dry matter; Feed
intake; Shade; Hormones; Physiological functions
121 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of bovine somatotropin on physiologic responses of
lactating Holstein and Jersey cows during hot, humid weather.
West, J.W.; Mullinix, B.G.; Sandifer, T.G.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1991
Mar. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (3): p. 840-851; 1991 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Weather; Humidity; Heat
production; Heat stress; Milk; Temperature; Blood chemistry;
Fatty acids
Abstract: Thirty-one lactating Holstein and Jersey cows were
used to determine the effects of daily injections of 0 or 20
mg of recombinant bST on physiologic responses during hot,
humid weather. Body temperature was determined by measuring
milk temperature at each milking. Jugular blood was sampled
for serum analysis of selected hormones, blood metabolites,
and fatty acids, and arterial blood was sampled for blood pH
and blood gas analysis. Milk was characterized for fatty acid
composition. Blood pH was unchanged, but partial pressure of
blood CO2, blood bicarbonate, base excess, and total CO2
declined with administration of bST. Serum triglycerides
increased 89% in cows receiving bST. Blood urea nitrogen
tended to decline in cows receiving bST. Serum cortisol,
triiodothyronine, and thyroxine did not change, but insulin-
like growth factor-1 increased 128% with bST use. Reduced milk
short-chain fatty acids, increased milk long-chain fatty
acids, and increased blood serum C18:1 fatty acid content
occurred in cows administered bST and probably reflected
tissue mobilization. Cows administered bST in hot weather had
higher milk temperatures. Alterations in physiologic and
metabolic measures in association with higher milk
temperature, suggest an interaction of bST use with hot, humid
weather and reflect the need to minimize the effects of heat
stress.
122 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Effects of coat colour on physiological responses to solar
radiation in Holsteins.
Hansen, P.J.
London : The Association; 1990 Sep29.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary
Association v. 127 (13): p. 333-334; 1990 Sep29. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian; Coat; Color; Solar
radiation; Heat stress; Heat resistance; Shade; Milk
production; Physiological functions
123 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of daily exogenous oxytocin on lactation milk yield
and composition. Nostrand, S.D.; Galton, D.M.; Erb, H.N.;
Bauman, D.E.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1991
Jul. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (7): p. 2119-2127; 1991
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Milk yield; Oxytocin; Injection; Milk
composition; Mastitis; Milk ejection; Animal health
Abstract: Eighty-four Holstein cows were used to determine
effects of exogenous oxytocin on 305-d milk production and
health. Cows were assigned at parturition by parity group to
treatments: 1) oxytocin group, animals received an injection
of 1 ml (20 IU) of oxytocin at each milking throughout
lactation and 2) control group, animals received no injection.
Oxytocin injections were given in the thigh region within 3
min following the initiation of udder preparation and
immediately prior to machine attachment. Udder preparation
consisted of forestripping and manual cleaning (10 to 20 s)
and drying (5 to 10 s) of teats. Cows were milked in a parlor,
and milk yield was recorded at each milking. Milk samples were
collected from each cow biweekly for milk fat, protein, and
somatic cell count determination. Individual lactations were
modeled using Woods' lactation equation; resulting
coefficients were analyzed using ANOVA. The oxytocin group
produced 849 kg more milk during the lactation than the
control group, with a significant difference occurring after
peak milk yield. This suggests that exogenous oxytocin
maintained greater persistency during lactation. No
significant differences existed for milk fat or protein
percentages. The use of exogenous oxytocin at milking
increased lactation milk production with no apparent effect on
health.
124 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Effects of dexamethasone on shedding of Listeria monocytogenes
in dairy cattle.
Wesley, I.V.; Bryner, J.H.; Van Der Maaten, M.J.; Kehrli, M.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association;
1989 Dec. American journal of veterinary research v. 50 (12):
p. 2009-2013; 1989 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Listeria monocytogenes;
Dexamethasone; Immunosuppression; Stress; Milk
Abstract: Ten lactating Holstein cows that had been given
multiple injections of Listeria monocytogenes (serotype 4B,
Scott A strain) via the intramammary route were allotted to 2
groups: group 1 (n = 5) was treated with the synthetic
glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (0.04 mg/kg of body weight), for
3 consecutive days, and group 2 (n = 5) served as controls.
Two days after the initial dexamethasone injection, the number
of L monocytogenes in the milk had increased nearly 15-fold
(1.16 log10) over pretreatment values. On day 3, Listeria
numbers in the milk had increased by 1.83 log10, compared with
pretreatment values. By day 4, Listeria numbers in the milk
were approximately 100-fold (2.03 log10) greater than
pretreatment numbers. Numbers remained high through day 7 and,
by day 11, approached pretreatment numbers. Dexamethasone
administration was accompanied by high total WBC and milk
somatic cell counts and decreased eosinophil and lymphocyte
numbers, and decreased milk production. The increase in
shedding of L monocytogenes in the milk may reflect impairment
of cell-mediated immune mechanisms and phagocytic cell
functions that are critical for sustaining listerial immunity.
125 NAL Call. No.: 100 Al1H
NSUS31.E23 Effects of different cooling and management
regimes on milk production. Lin, J.C.; Moss, B.R.; Cummins,
K.A.; Coleman, D.A.; Smith, R.C. III Auburn, Ala. :
Agricultural Experiment Station of Auburn University, 1954-;
1993.
Highlights of agricultural research v. 40 (3): p. 7; 1993.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Milk production; Heat stress; Feed
intake; Milk yield; Milk composition; Cooling systems
126 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of feeding practices on milk fat concentration for
dairy cows. Coulon, J.B.; Agabriel, C.; Brunscwig, G.; Muller,
C.; Bonaiti, B. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association; 1994 Sep. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (9): p.
2614-2620; 1994 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: France; Cabt; Dairy cows; Milk fat percentage;
Concentrates; Cattle feeding; Rumen digestion; Dairy herds;
Volatile fatty acids; Seasonal fluctuations; Farm surveys
Abstract: Thirty-seven dairy farms, using high producing
(7500 kg/yr per cow on average) Montbeliarde cows that were
fed hay-based rations, were included in a detailed survey
involving the structure of the farm and the herd, the quality
of forage, the feeding practices in winter and summer, and
genetic characteristics of the cows (breeding values and herd
effects). These data were used to analyze variation in milk
fat concentration among farms, particularly variation linked
to environmental factors, as assessed by the herd effect. When
farms were ranked according to herd effect of fat
concentration, farms with the highest herd effects fed
concentrate to cows in rolled form, distributed forage before
or with the concentrate, and provided hay in the trough in
summer. The effects of such practices on digestive phenomena
in the rumen are discussed. This study supported the use of
herd effects to identify factors related to variation in dairy
cow performance.
127 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
The effects of handling by humans at calving and during
milking on the behaviour and milk cortisol concentrations of
primiparous dairy cows. Hemsworth, P.H.; Barnett, J.L.;
Tilbrook, A.J.; Hansen, C. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science
Publishers, B.V.; 1989 Apr.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 22 (3/4): p. 313-326; 1989
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Milking interval; Calving interval;
Handling; Stress; Cortisol; Animal behavior
128 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Effects of lameness on the behaviour of cows during the
summer. Hassall, S.A.; Ward, W.R.; Murray, R.D.
London : The Association; 1993 Jun05.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary
Association v. 132 (23): p. 578-580; 1993 Jun05. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Animal welfare; Lameness
129 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of late gestation heat stress on postpartum milk
production and reproduction in dairy cattle.
Moore, R.B.; Fuquay, J.W.; Drapala, W.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Jul. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (7): p. 1877-1882; 1992
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Dairy cows; Heat stress; Dry period;
Milk yield; Milk fat percentage; Lactation stage; Heat sums;
Age; Lactation number; Precipitation; Female fertility
Abstract: Carry-over effects of late gestation heat stress on
postpartum productive and reproductive traits were estimated
from DHI records using 341 lactations from six sites in
Mississippi. Climatological data were gathered from records of
weather stations near the sites. Using multiple linear
regression analyses, predictor variables for lactations were
age at calving, lactation number, maximum degree-days (above
32.2 degrees C) during the periods 30 and 60 d prepartum, and
precipitation 30 and 60 d prepartum. Months and sites were
indicator variables. Dependent variables included milk and fat
production during early, mid, and late lactation; days to peak
lactation; days open; services per conception; and body
weight. Age at calving affected milk and fat production in mid
and late lactation and services per conception. Degree-days
for 60 d prepartum had the greatest negative influence on
production variables; its statistical significance was shown
in predictions of milk and fat production in early and
midlactation. Days open were higher for July than for cows
calving in August or September. Sites had effects on many milk
and fat measurements and some reproductive traits. These
results indicate that heat stress in the last 60 d of
gestation has negative effects on some production variables.
130 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
Effects of number and location of water bowls and social rank
on drinking behaviour and performance of loose-housed dairy
cows.
Andersson, M.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1987 Apr.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 17 (1/2): p. 19-31; 1987
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Bowl drinkers; Loose housing;
Drinking behavior; Dairy performance; Social structure
131 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of premilking teat preparation on spores of anaerobes,
bacteria, and iodine residues in milk.
Rasmussen, M.D.; Galton, D.M.; Petersson, L.G.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1991
Aug. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (8): p. 2472-2478; 1991
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Milk; Bacterial count; Bacterial spores; Iodine;
Residues; Teat dip; Iodophors; Teats; Milking
Abstract: Premilking teat preparations using individual paper
or cotton towels for either 6 or 20 s to reduce bacteria and
iodine residues from teat surfaces were determined through
Latin square designs applied to 50 cows. A cotton towel used
for 20 s was most effective in cleaning teats, probably
because of the physical structure of the towel, physical
action on teat surface, and scrubbing of the teat ends.
Premilking teat preparation of 6 s was inadequate to clean
teats and to avoid iodine residues in milk. Teat end erosions
increased iodine residue in milk. Two days after a treatment
period, iodine content in milk from iodophordipped groups was
similar to that of the undipped control group. Against our
expectation, teat dipping with a .25% iodophor teat dip caused
higher iodine residue in milk than a .50% iodophor teat dip.
Differences in formulations and inert ingredients of iodophor
teat dips indicate a need for further studies.
132 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin under conditions of
high production and heat stress.
Lotan, E.; Sturman, H.; Weller, J.I.; Ezra, E.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
May. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (5): p. 1394-1402; 1993
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Injection; Heat
stress; Milk yield; Milk fat percentage; Feed intake; Dry
matter; Liveweight gain; Body composition; Female fertility;
Lactation stage; Milk protein percentage; Milk fat yield; Milk
protein yield
Abstract: The effect of bST injection on milk production of
Israeli Holsteins was tested under conditions of mean
production > 9000 kg/yr and climatic stress; mean maximum and
minimum summer temperatures are 38 and 25 degrees C,
respectively, in the Jordan Valley, located 200 m below sea
level. In 1989, 111 cows were injected, and 115 cows were
recorded as controls. In 1990, 108 cows were injected, and 93
cows were included as controls. Fifty-nine of the cows
injected in 1990 were also injected in 1989. Production
records were corrected for parity, calving month, days to
first injection, and days in milk. Injection with bST
increased total lactation milk production by 12%, fat
production by 15%, and protein production by 13%. Injection
also resulted in slight increases in fat and protein
percentages. Daily milk production during the injection period
was increased by 4.4 kg. Injection during the previous
lactation slightly decreased production of cows injected
during the following lactation. Advancing the commencement of
injection from the 4th to the 2nd mo in milk did not affect
total lactation production. Weight gains and dry matter intake
were higher for injected cows, but body condition score was
higher for the control group. Injection had no discernible
effect on fertility variables.
133 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of recombinant methionyl bovine somatotropin
(sometribove) in high producing cows milked three times daily.
Jordan, D.C.; Aguilar, A.A.; Olson, J.D.; Bailey, C.;
Hartnell, G.F.; Madsen, K.S.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1991
Jan. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (1): p. 220-226; 1991 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Milking interval; Milk
production; Milk composition; Body condition; Body weight;
Animal health; Mastitis
Abstract: Effects of daily sometribove administration on milk
yield and composition, body condition score, BW, and SCC were
evaluated in Holstein cows milked three times daily. Lactating
cows (n = 104) were assigned randomly to control or
sometribove-treated (25 mg/d) groups. The experimental period
was 16 wk, consisting of 2-wk pretreatment, 12-wk treatment,
and 2-wk posttreatment periods. All cows were injected once
daily starting at 53 to 180 d postpartum, housed in free
stalls, and fed one of five total mixed rations according to
milk production. Body weights were measured weekly, and body
condition was scored biweekly. Milk yield was recorded daily,
and weekly milk samples were analyzed for fat, protein,
lactose, total solids, and SCC. Milk yield and milk protein
were increased 18.8% (38.6 vs. 32.5 kg/d) and 3.3% (3.1 vs.
3.0%), respectively, whereas percentage of milk fat, lactose,
SNF, SCC, and BW were unaffected by treatment. Overall average
body condition scores were lower for the sometribove-treated
group versus control (2.2 vs. 2.4). No apparent differences in
the number of cows treated for mastitis, foot rot, displaced
abomasum, or lameness were observed between treatment groups.
Sometribove treatment significantly enhanced milk yield (6.1
kg/d) with no apparent negative effects on health in high
producing cows milked three time per day.
134 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of scrotal insulation on viability characteristics of
cryopreserved bovine semen.
Vogler, C.J.; Saacke, R.G.; Bame, J.H.; DeJarnette, J.M.;
McGilliard, M.L. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association; 1991 Nov. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (11): p.
3827-3835; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy bulls; Holstein-friesian; Semen characters;
Semen preservation; Scrotum; Heat stress; Spermatozoa;
Cryopreservation; Insulation
Abstract: The effect of a 48-h scrotal insulation on
spermatozoal viability (motility and acrosomal integrity),
before and after semen cryopreservation, was studied in six
young Holstein bulls whose semen was collected twice in
succession at 3-d intervals. Motility and acrosomal integrity
were measured before and after incubation of semen at 37
degrees C for 3 h. For assessment of results, collection days
were grouped: period 1 (control) = d -6, -3, and 0, where d 0
= initiation of scrotal insulation after semen collection;
period 2 = d 3, 6, and 9 sperm presumed in the epididymis or
rete testis during scrotal insulation); period 3 = d 12, 15,.
. . 39 (sperm presumed in spermatogenesis during scrotal
insulation). Semen was cryopreserved each collection day until
morphologically abnormal cells exceeded 50% of the ejaculate
(d 12 to 21). Semen viability before and after freezing was
lower in period 3 than in period 1 (P < .05). These
differences coincided with the appearance in period 3 of
abnormal sperm morphology and depressed undiluted semen
motility, which began on d 12 (P < .01). Semen collected
during period 2 that was extended but unfrozen did not differ
from that collected during period 1 in morphology or
viability. However, for frozen semen, period 2 was
significantly poorer than period 1 for both viability
measurements, but only after incubation for 3 h at 37 degrees
C postthaw (P < .05). We conclude that epididymal sperm are
adversely affected by elevated testicular temperatures, as
noted by their decreased ability to maintain motility and
acrosomal integrity following cryopreservation.
135 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163
Effects of social and physical stressors on growth hormone
levels in dairy cows.
Munksgaard, L.; Lovendahl, P.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1993 Dec.
Canadian journal of animal science v. 73 (4): p. 847-853; 1993
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Somatotropin; Dairy cows; Hormone secretion;
Blood plasma; Corticotropin
136 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of somatotropin on milk yield and physiological
responses during summer farm and hot laboratory conditions.
Johnson, H.D.; Li, R.; Manalu, W.; Spencer-Johnson, K.J.;
Becker, B.A.; Collier, R.J.; Baile, C.A.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1991
Apr. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (4): p. 1250-1262; 1991
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Environmental
temperature; Feed conversion; Heat stress; Milk yield; Summer;
Body temperature; Blood composition; Feed intake; Milk fat
percentage; Milk protein percentage; Heat production
Abstract: The effects of bST on performance and physiological
responses of lactating cows was studied under farm summer and
laboratory heat conditions. Twelve cows, 90 to 50 d
postpartum, were injected with either bST or vehicle solution
for 30 d under farm summer and 10 d under either laboratory
thermoneutral or heat conditions. Somatotropin increased milk
yield by 6.1 (21%), 8.1 (32%), and 7.3 kg (35%) under the farm
summer, laboratory thermoneutral, and heat conditions,
respectively. Somatotropin also increased milk fat by 15 and
19% and dry matter intake by 16 and 18% under laboratory
thermoneutral and heat conditions, respectively. Somatotropin
increased the efficiency of feed conversion into milk without
any significant changes in body weight and temperatures.
Somatotropin reduced plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine
and cortisol and had no effect on plasma prolactin and insulin
concentrations. Somatotropin did not increase water intake;
however, hematocrit was decreased. The results suggest that
stimulatory effects of bST on milk production are still
observed on heat-stressed cows without any significant
indications of additional heat stress.
137 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Effects of supplemental potassium and sodium chloride salts on
ruminal turnover rates, acid-base and mineral status of
lactating dairy cows during heat stress.
Schneider, P.L.; Beede, D.K.; Wilcox, C.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1988
Jan. Journal of animal science v. 66 (1): p. 126-135; 1988
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Lactating females; Heat stress;
Minerals; Feed supplements; Potassium chloride; Sodium
chloride; Rumen digestion; Acid base equilibrium; Nutritional
state
138 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Effects of thermal stress and level of feed intake on portal
plasma flow and net fluxes of metabolites in lactating
Holstein cows.
McGuire, M.A.; Beede, D.K.; DeLorenzo, M.A.; Wilcox, C.J.;
Huntington, G.B.; Reynolds, C.K.; Collier, R.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1989
Apr. Journal of animal science v. 67 (4): p. 1050-1060; 1989
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian; Heat stress; Feed
intake; Nutrient uptake; Metabolites; Blood flow; Blood
plasma; Portal vein
139 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of treatment of dairy cows with recombinant bovine
somatotropin over three or four lactations.
Oldenbroek, J.K.; Garssen, G.J.; Jonker, L.J.; Wilkinson,
J.I.D. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association;
1993 Feb. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (2): p. 453-467; 1993
Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Lactation number;
Duration; Feed intake; Milk yield; Body weight; Blood plasma;
L-thyroxine; Insulin; Metabolites; Milk composition; Somatic
cell count; Female fertility; Animal health; Blood picture;
Blood chemistry; Culling
Abstract: Jersey, Dutch Red and White, and Friesian cows were
subcutaneously injected with 640 mg of recombinant bST at 28-d
intervals from 87 to 115 d after calving through four
successive lactations. A TMR (6.72 MJ of NE(L) and 168 g of
CP/kg of DM) was fed for ad libitum consumption. The bST
effects per day were 3.3 kg for milk yield, 189 g for fat
yield, 109 g for protein yield, 157 g for lactose yield, 4 MJ
of NE(L) for feed intake, and -4 kg for body weight. Responses
in blood parameters measured 7 d after injection were -.007
mmol/L for glucose, -1.3 mg of N/100 ml for urea, 221
micromoles/L for 3-hydroxybutyrate, 59 micromoles/L for NEFA,
65 ng/L for insulin, 2.8 micrograms/L for thyroxine, and 26.7
micrograms/L for somatotropin. Somatic cell count in milk was
75,000 cells/ml higher in treated cows. Concentrations of
NEFA, Ca, Mg, and phosphorus were unaffected. Repeatability of
the maximum response in milk yield after bST treatment was
low: .2 within and .5 between lactations. Cows treated in the
previous lactation had slightly more retained placentas, and
birth weight of their calves was 2 kg less. No differences
were between treated and control cows in disease incidence.
Six treated cows were culled in third and fourth lactations.
No indications for tissue damage, inflammation, or stress
after bST injections were detected.
140 NAL Call. No.: KF27.A366 1987e
Effects of United States and foreign trade policies and the
Food Security Act of 1985 on the domestic livestock industry
hearing before the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and
Poultry of the Committee on Agriculture, House of
Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, first session,
November 21, 1987, Rapid City, SD.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture.
Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry
Washington, [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of
Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1988; Y 4.Ag
8/1:100-58. iii, 91 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Distributed to some
depository libraries in microfiche. Serial no. 100-58.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Livestock; United States; Cattle trade; United
States; Meat industry and trade; United States; Competition,
Unfair
141 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of voltages on cows over a complete lactation. 1. Milk
yield and composition.
Gorewit, R.C.; Aneshansley, D.J.; Price, L.R.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (10): p. 2719-2725; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Electricity; Milk yield; Water
intake; Milk composition; Lactation stage
Abstract: The effect of long-term voltage exposure on milk
yield and composition was assessed. Forty cows in second to
fifth lactation were used. Four groups of 10 Holstein cows
were exposed to either 0, 1, 2, or 4 V throughout an entire
lactation. Each group was housed in a free-stall environment
with bunk feed and water provided for ad libitum intake.
Voltages (AC, 60 Hz) were applied between waterers and a metal
grid. Cows could not drink without placing their front hooves
on the metal grid. Individual records were maintained for milk
weights, milk fat, protein, and somatic cell counts. Average
actual (7312, 8527, 6938, and 7725 kg for groups exposed to 0,
1, 2, or 4 V, respectively) and mature equivalent (7802, 9281,
7309, and 8911 kg for groups exposed to 0, 1, 2, or 4 V,
respectively) milk weights for 305 d showed no significant
differences between groups exposed or unexposed to voltage.
Average actual milk yields for 305 d in the previous
lactations were 8016, 8163, 7679, and 7876 kg for groups
exposed to 0, 1, 2, or 4 V, respectively. Somatic cell counts,
milk fat, and protein showed no significant differences
between groups exposed or unexposed to voltage. Feed and water
intakes were not affected by voltage.
142 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Effects of voltages on cows over a complete lactation. 2.
Health and reproduction.
Gorewit, R.C.; Aneshansley, D.J.; Price, L.R.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (10): p. 2726-2732; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Lactation; Electricity; Bovine
mastitis; Body weight; Hooves; Cattle diseases; Female
fertility; Abortion; Fetal death; Animal welfare
Abstract: For the effects of voltages on health and
reproduction, 40 cows in second to fifth lactation were
divided into four groups of 10. These included a control group
that was not subjected to voltages and three treatment groups
that were given either 1, 2, or 4 V at the water bowl. Cows in
the treatment groups were exposed during the entire lactation
to voltage whenever they drank. Voltages did not sufficiently
affect milk yield. General health parameters studied were
mastitis, hoof problems, and changes in body weight.
Reproductive and calving parameters examined were days to
first breeding, days open, services per conception, response
to PGF2 alpha, calving intervals, visible abortion, and calves
born dead. Voltages did not significantly influence cow health
or reproductive performance.
143 NAL Call. No.: SF233.D44M55
Effects of warm climates on milk yield and composition (short-
term effects). Beede, D.K.; Collier, R.J.; Wilcox, C.J.;
Thatcher, W.W.
Edinburgh : University of Edinburgh, Centre for Tropical
Veterinary Medicine; 1985.
Milk production in developing countries : proceedings of the
conference held in Edinburgh from the 2nd to 6th April 1984 /
organised by the Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine ;
edited by A.J. Smi. p. 322-347; 1985. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Dairy cows; Milk yield; Milk
composition; Metabolism; Heat stress; Tropical climate
144 NAL Call. No.: 18 D4825T Nr.241 1986
Effektive Bewirtschaftung von Stallen und Anlagen der Milch-
und Rinderproduktion unter besonderer Beachtung der Nutzung
der Mikroelektronik und verbesserter Verfahren der
Produktionskontrolle Vortrage einer wissenschaftlichen Tagung,
veranstaltet vom Institut fur Rinderproduktion Iden-Rohrbeck
aus Anlass des 65. Geburtstages seines Direktors Professor Dr.
sc. Hans Kleiber, vom 18. bis 20. September 1985 in Iden
[Effective management of barns and milk and cattle production
installations with particular attention to the use of
microelectronics and improved production control methods]., 1.
Aufl..
Kleiber, Hans,
Institut fur Rinderproduktion Iden-Rohrbeck (Akademie der
Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der DDR)
Berlin : Die Akademie,; 1986.
144 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. (Tagungsbericht / Akademie der
Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen
Republik ; Nr. 241). Cover title. Summaries in English,
German, and Russian. Includes bibliographies.
Language: German
Descriptors: Kleiber, Hans 1920-; Cattle; Congresses; Cattle;
Housing; Environmental engineering; Congresses; Dairying;
Technological innovations; Congresses; Beef industry;
Technological innovations; Congresses
145 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66
Electric utilization on Vermont dairy farms.
Wells, G.D.; Christiansen, W.C.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1991 Nov. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 7
(6): p. 773-776; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vermont; Dairy farms; Electrical energy; Energy
consumption
Abstract: Fifty-two Vermont dairy farms were surveyed to
determine electrical consumptive rates and thirteen farms were
metered for demand patterns. A wide range of farm size and
types were included in the study. Equations were developed to
predict electrical energy use on dairy farms through
comparison with number of cows or total milk production. The
conclusion was that prediction equations are good only to show
general trends. Every farm is different because of type of
animal housing, equipment choices, and management. Well-
defined peak demands indicate that dairy farms, given proper
incentives, can be excellent load levellers for utilities.
146 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.E547
Electricity used in farmstead operations.
McFate, K.L.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1989.
Energy in world agriculture v. 3: p. 121-142; 1989. In the
series analytic: Energy in World Agriculture / edited by K.L.
McFate. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Farming; Electricity; Electrical energy; Electric
heaters; Milking; Dairy equipment; Ventilation; Fans; Fodder
crops; Handling; Heating; Cooling; Dairy farming; Beef cattle;
Pig farming; Poultry farming; Brood care; Grain drying;
Vegetables; Storage
147 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222
Embryonic mortality and the uterine environment in first-
service lactating dairy cows.
Wiebold, J.L.
Colchester : The Journal; 1988 Nov.
Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 84 (2): p. 393-399;
1988 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian;
Lactating females; Embryo mortality; Functional disorders;
Genetic defects; Hormones; Steroids; Stress; Uterus
148 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Endocrine and neural control of estrus in dairy cows.
Allrich, R.D. \u Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1994
Sep. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (9): p. 2738-2744; 1994
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Estrus; Proestrus; Estradiol;
Progesterone; Ovulation; Corpus luteum; Literature reviews
Abstract: During proestrus, gonadotropins induce final
follicular maturation, resulting in increased secretion of
estradiol. Estradiol, in the relative absence of progesterone,
acts on the hypothalamus to induce estrous behavior. The mean
duration of estrus is 12 to 16 h and ranges from 3 to 28 h.
The effects of estradiol appear to be "all or none". That is,
once a threshold of estradiol is achieved, estrus is induced,
and additional amounts of estradiol above threshold do not
further enhance the estrous response (duration and intensity
of estrus). Also, progesterone can block the estrus-inducing
actions of estradiol. In addition, prior exposure to
progesterone does not potentiate the estrus-inducing actions
of estradiol except in the early postpartum period. In dairy
cows, the first postpartum ovulation is often "silent". In
other words, ovulation is not preceded by estrous behavior.
High levels of estradiol during late gestation apparently
induce a refractory state such that the brain cannot respond
to the estrus-inducing actions of estradiol at the first
postpartum ovulation. Progesterone can "reset" the brain,
allowing it to respond to subsequent estradiol exposure. In
the case of the postpartum cow, the corpus luteum formed after
the first ovulation provides the progesterone that resets the
brain. As a consequence, the second postpartum ovulation is
preceded by estrous behavior. Finally, stress (or injection of
ACTH) has been shown to delay, shorten, or inhibit completely
the expression of estrus in the presence of estrus-inducing
concentrations of estradiol. In summary, estrus is induced by
estradiol in the absence of progesterone, progesterone is
inhibitory to estrus, and situations exist in which estrus may
be absent prior to ovulation.
149 NAL Call. No.: SF961.A5
Engineered management in housing.
Graves, R.E.
Stillwater, Okla. : The Association; 1987 Apr.
Proceedings ... annual convention - American Association of
Bovine Practitioners (19th): p. 90-93; 1987 Apr. Meeting held
on November 18-21, 1986, in Louisville, Kentucky. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Cattle housing; Cubicles; Stalls;
Loose housing; Ventilation; Insulation
150 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66
Environmental aspects od dairy calf housing.
Bickert, W.G.; Herdt, T.H.
Princeton Junction, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems; 1985
May. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing
veterinarian v. 7 (5): p. S309-S314, S316. ill; 1985 May.
Includes 16 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Calf housing; Dairy cattle; Ventilation; Heating;
Air quality; Environmental control
151 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
Environmental effects on mastitis and milk quality.
Jarrett, J.A.
Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1988.
Annual meeting - National Mastitis Council, Inc (27th): p.
12-17. ill; 1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cow housing; Stalls; Loose housing;
Environment; Bovine mastitis; Milk quality
152 NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6
Environmental modifications to reduce heat stress in dairy
cattle. III. Shearer, J.K.; Beede, D.K.; Bucklin, R.A.; Bray,
D.R.
Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing
Company; 1991 Jul. Agri-Practice v. 12 (4): p. 7-10, 13-16,
18; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Heat stress; Cooling systems
153 NAL Call. No.: 340.8 IN8
Environmental profile and critical temperature effects on milk
production of Holstein cows in desert climate.
Igono, M.O.; Bjotvedt, G.; Sanford-Crane, H.T.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
International journal of biometeorology v. 36 (2): p. 77-87;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Dairy cows; Lactating females; Milk
production; Milk yield; Lactation; Heat stress; Arid climate;
Environmental temperature; Relative humidity; Indexes; Weather
data; Diurnal variation; Quantitative analysis
Abstract: The environmental profile of central Arizona is
quantitatively described using meteorological data between
1971 and 1986. Utilizing ambient temperature criteria of hours
per day less than 21 degrees C, between 21 and 27 degrees C,
and more than 27 degrees C, the environmental profile of
central Arizona consists of varying levels of thermoneutral
and heat stress periods. Milk production data from two
commercial dairy farms from March 1990 to February 1991 were
used to evaluate the seasonal effects identified in the
environmental profile. Overall, milk production is lower
during heat stress compared to thermoneutral periods. During
heat stress, the cool period of hours per day with temperature
less than 21 degrees C provides a margin of safety to reduce
the effects of heat stress on decreased milk production. Using
minimum, mean and maximum ambient temperatures, the upper
critical temperatures for milk production are 21, 27 and 32
degrees C, respectively. Using the temperature-humidity index
as the thermal environment indicator, the critical values for
minimum, mean and maximum THI are 64, 72 and 76, respectively.
154 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Equivalent temperature index at temperatures above the
thermoneutral for lactating dairy cows.
Baeta, F.C.; Meador, N.F.; Shanklin, M.D.; Johnson, H.D.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1987.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 87-4015): 22 p.; 1987. Paper presented
at the 1987 Summer Meeting of the American Society of
Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Lactation; Environment; Stress
conditions; Heat stress; Milk production
155 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Estimated culling probabilities, age distribution, and
expected herd life in Nili-Ravi buffalo.
Ahmad, Z.; Berger, P.J.; Healey, M.H.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Jun. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (6): p. 1707-1714; 1992
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Buffaloes; Survival; Productive life; Culling;
Probability analysis; Age differences; Age at first calving;
Herd structure; Milk-yielding animals
Abstract: Data were from 1457 buffalo cows in a herd under
development for dairy production since 1935. The probability
of cows entering and remaining in the herd increased from .037
at 2 yr to .873 at 5 yr and decreased gradually thereafter.
The probability of cows being culled increased with age from
.098 at 3 yr to .423 at 14 yr. The maximum age of culling was
15 yr. Average ages of culled cows and of cows in the herd
were 7.92 and 6.58 yr, respectively. The proportions of young
(<6 yr), mature (6 to 9 yr), and old cows (>9 yr) were 42.6,
41.7, and 15.7%, respectively, for cows in the herd and 25.4,
45.7, and 28.9%, respectively, for culled cows. Expected
additional herd life was 4.64, 3.18, 2.24, 1.50, and .30 yr
for cows aged 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 yr, respectively. Age at
first calving did not affect the overall trend in age-specific
culling probabilities. Cows calving for the first time before
42 mo were culled in about equal proportions as old cows
(28.5%) to cows calving first at 42 to 54 mo (28.5%) and after
54 mo (25.9%). The relatively infrequent culling of cows at an
early age within this herd may have been detrimental to
genetic improvement. Therefore, efforts to improve the genetic
merit of buffalo cows should focus on performance of younger
cows.
156 NAL Call. No.: 340.8 IN8
Estimation of cold stress effect on dairy cows.
Broucek, J.; Letkovivova, M.; Kovalcuj, K.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1991.
International journal of biometeorology v. 35 (1): p. 29-32;
1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cold stress; Temperature; Milk
production; Milk yield; Feed intake; Blood chemistry; Yield
forecasting; Correlation analysis
Abstract: Twelve crossbred heifers (Slovak Spotted X
Holstein-Friesian) were housed in an open, uninsulated barn
with straw bedding and a concrete-floored yard. Minimum
temperatures inside the barn were as low as -19 degrees C. The
average milk yield decreased as the temperatures approached
these minima. Compared with the temperate conditions, the feed
intake and blood levels of glucose and free fatty acids
increased. The level of sodium declined significantly during
the second cold period. Correlations and regressions between
milk yield and biochemical parameters were calculated, and the
results indicate that the concentrations of free fatty acids,
cholesterol, and triiodothyronine and the haematocrit values
may serve to predict milk production during periods of cold
stress, or in lactations of 305 days.
157 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Estrous and endocrine responses of lactating Holsteins to
forced ventilation during summer.
Younas, M.; Fuquay, J.W.; Smith, A.E.; Moore, A.B.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Feb. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (2): p. 430-436; 1993 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Dairy cows; Artificial ventilation;
Fans; Summer; Estrous cycle; Body temperature; Progesterone;
Hormone secretion; Lh; Blood serum; Prostaglandins
Abstract: Fourteen lactating and cycling Holsteins in each of
two summers were assigned randomly to pens in a free-stall
barn either with or without overhead fans to study the effect
of fan cooling on certain endocrine and behavioral responses
during the estrous cycle. After an adjustment period of 8 d in
the first summer and 21 d in the second summer, jugular
cannulas were inserted, and 25 mg of PGF2 alpha were injected.
After injection, blood samples were collected frequently for
84 h in the first summer and 88 h in the second summer,
followed by collection three times weekly for 3 wk thereafter
each summer. Rectal temperatures were lower in the group
cooled by fans than in the control group each summer. Luteal
progesterone secretion tended to be greater in the fan group
each summer; area under the luteal phase curve was
significantly higher than for controls during the second
summer. There was tendency for more preovulatory surges of LH
and higher estrous response rates in the fan group during the
second summer. Thus, fan cooling of lactating dairy cows for
several weeks before anticipated breeding provides potential
for more efficient reproductive performance during the summer.
158 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Estrous cyclicity in nonlactating and lactating Holsteins and
Jerseys during a Pakistani summer.
Imtiaz Hussain, S.M.; Fuquay, J.W.; Younas, M.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Nov. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (11): p. 2968-2975; 1992
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pakistan; Dairy cows; Estrous cycle;
Environmental temperature; Lactation; Body temperature;
Summer; Heat stress; Hydrocortisone; Progesterone; Duration
Abstract: Data from 36 cows were used in a 2 X 2 factorial
arrangement to determine the effects of breed and lactation
status on estrous cyclicity during a Pakistani summer (June
through October). Cows were selected from a herd of Holsteins
and Jerseys imported from the United States 5 yr earlier.
Ambient temperatures were highest in June and declined in the
ensuing months with the onset of the rainy season. Relative
humidity increased in July and August and them remained stable
until the end of the study. Although early morning rectal
temperatures gradually declined from June through October,
late afternoon rectal temperatures were highest in August.
Average early morning rectal temperatures were higher in
Holsteins than in Jerseys (38.5 vs. 38.3 degrees C). Even
though all cows were cyclic throughout the study, as indicated
by patterns of progesterone secretion, observed expression of
estrus was low (36.8%) and unaffected by breed or lactation
status. Average serum progesterone concentrations were lower
(2.4 vs. 3.1 ng/ml), and cortisol concentrations were higher
(4.1 vs. 3.9 ng/ml), in Holsteins than in Jerseys. Breed by
lactation status interactions were significant for lengths of
the luteal phase and estrous cycle. Lengths for lactating
Holsteins were longer than those of other groups.
159 NAL Call. No.: SF768.2.C3B68 1992
Ethical issues and BST.
Thompson, P.B.
Boulder : Westview Press; 1992.
Bovine somatotropin and emerging issues : an assessment /. p.
33-50; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Milk; Ethics; Technical
progress; Effects; Farmers; Productivity; Environmental
impact; Animal welfare; Food safety; Social consciousness
160 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Evaluation of 50:50 and 70:30 pulsation ratios in a large
commercial dairy herd.
Thomas, C.V.; Bray, D.R.; Delorenzo, M.A.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
May. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (5): p. 1298-1304; 1993
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Machine milking; Pulsation;
Pulsators; Milk production; Milking parlors; Dairy
performance; Bovine mastitis; Udders
Abstract: An experiment was conducted in a large commercial
dairy milking 1350 Holstein cows in Florida to investigate the
effects of 50:50 or 70:30 pulsation ratios on milking parlor
performance, milk production, and udder health. The experiment
used a reversal design in which the two pulsation ratios were
tested over four 2-mo periods in nearly identical double-11
herringbone milking parlors. Analysis of milking parlor
performance measures of cows milked per hour, milk harvested
per hour, parlor turns per hour, and parlor cycle time
revealed a small increase in milking parlor performance for
the 70:30 pulsation ratio. Milking with the 70:30 pulsation
ratio increased cows milked by 4.1 cows per h, increased milk
harvested by 38.3 kg/h, increased parlor turns by .2 turns per
hr, and decreased parlor cycle time by .4 min compared with
the 50:50 pulsation ratio. Average milk production per cow per
milking did not differ between the two ratios. Udder health
indicators of clinical mastitis incidence, cows culled for
mastitis, or bulk tank SCC were not different because of
pulsation ratio.
161 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Evaluation of a gel teat cleaning and sanitizing compound for
premilking hygiene.
Ingawa, K.H.; Adkinson, R.W.; Gough, R.H.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
May. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (5): p. 1224-1232; 1992
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Teats; Teat dip; Milking; Dairy
hygiene; Cleaning; Washing; Milk yield; Milk composition;
Bacterial count; Time; Bovine mastitis; Iodine
Abstract: A gel was developed and tested for cleaning and
sanitizing cow teats for milking. Thirty lactating Holstein
cows were divided into three groups of 10 each and assigned to
three premilking hygiene treatments for 10 wk as follows: 1)
cleaning teats with gel, allowing 30 s of contact time, and
wiping residual gel off with paper towel; 2) washing teats
with water and drying them with paper towel; 3) washing teats
with water, drying with paper towel, predipping with .5%
iodophor solution, allowing 30 s of contact time, and drying
with paper towel. Individual cow composite milk and teat end
swab samples were collected. The gel and predip treatments
resulted in less bacterial contamination of milk and teat
ends. The gel treatment had an advantage over wash and predip
treatments in lower SCC and reduced mastitis. Parlor
throughput was greatest for gel and wash treatments. The wash
treatment group had highest SCC, bacteria in milk and on teat
ends, and mastitis. Milk iodine content was low and similar
for the three treatments. Daily milk production and fat and
protein percentages were not affected by treatments. The gel
treatment was effective, efficient, and provided good hygiene.
162 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 Am32P
Evaluation of dairy housing under tropical climate.
Naas, I.A.; Amaral, L.R.; Sydenstricker, K.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers,; 1991. Paper / (914024): 10 p.; 1991. Paper
presented at the "1991 International Summer Meeting sponsored
by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," June
23-26, 1991, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cow housing; Stalls; Computer simulation;
Computer software
163 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
Experiences with natural ventilation in Michigan and
elsewhere. Bickert, W.G.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1990.
Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (90-4553):
7 p.; 1990. Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter
Meeting sponsored by The American Society of Agricultural
Engineers," December 18-21, 1990, Chicago, Illinois. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Natural ventilation; Barns; Dairy
cattle
164 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
Experiences with natural ventilation northeastern U.S.
Weeks, S.A.; Martin, R.O.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1990.
Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (90-4555):
3 p.; 1990. Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter
Meeting sponsored by The American Society of Agricultural
Engineers," December 18-21, 1990, Chicago, Illinois.
Language: English
Descriptors: Northeastern states of U.S.A.; Natural
ventilation; Barns; Ventilation; Dairy cattle
165 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
Experiences with natural ventilation of dairy barns in south
Western Ontario. Milne, R.J.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1990.
Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (90-4556):
3 p.; 1990. Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter
Meeting sponsored by The American Society of Agricultural
Engineers," December 18-21, 1990, Chicago, Illinois.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Barns; Ventilation; Dairy cattle
166 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
Experiences with natural ventilation-Wisconsin.
Kammel, D.W.; Holmes, B.J.; Cramer, C.O.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1990.
Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (90-4554):
5 p.; 1990. Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter
Meeting sponsored by The American Society of Agricultural
Engineers," December 18-21, 1990, Chicago, Illinois. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Natural ventilation; Animal housing;
Dairy cattle
167 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Expert system for evaluation of reproductive performance and
management. Domecq, J.J.; Nebel, R.L.; McGilliard, M.L.;
Pasquino, A.T. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association; 1991 Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (10): p.
3446-3453; 1991 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Dairy herds; Dairy performance;
Reproductive efficiency; Expert systems; Conception rate
Abstract: A microcomputer expert system for dairy herd
reproductive management was developed using an expert system
shell and Turbo Pascal. The expert system initially examines
the broad areas of days open, days to first breeding,
detection of estrus, and conception rate to determine whether
a problem exists. Interpretations ranging from "excellent" to
"severe" were established for each trait. The system then
selects an area for evaluation that has the largest negative
influence on days open. Once an area has been selected for
further evaluation, the expert system utilizes information
from the user and DHI reports developed by the Dairy Records
Processing Center in Raleigh, NC. These reports identify
problems with conception categorized by production, parity,
service number, days in milk, breed, and service sire. In
addition, questions are presented by the expert system to
isolate problems of accuracy of data, use of natural service,
semen handling, AI technique, detection of estrus, signs of
estrus, and other management areas. Recommendations and
suggestions are given. Ten commercial herds having a
conception rate less than 40% were evaluated by the expert
system and by an extension reproduction specialist who
supplied information for the system. Of 100 areas
investigated, the expert system and extension specialist
identified 47 as potential problem areas, agreeing on 85% of
them. Most discrepancies resulted from the specialist applying
a less restrictive standard when values were close to a
preselected threshold.
168 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
Factors affecting cubicle utilisation by dairy cattle using
stall frame and bedding manipulation experiments.
O'Connell, J.M.; Giller, P.S.; Meaney, W.J.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1992 Oct.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 35 (1): p. 11-21; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cubicles; Utilization
169 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Au72
Factors affecting pregnancy rate in Holstein-Friesian cattle
mated during summer in a tropical upland environment.
Orr, W.N.; Cowan, R.T.; Davison, T.M.
Brunswick, Vic. : Australian Veterinary Association, 1927-;
1993 Jul. Australian veterinary journal v. 70 (7): p. 251-256;
1993 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Queensland; Cabt; Dairy cattle; Pregnancy rate;
Environmental factors; Summer; Tropics; Upland areas; Seasonal
variation; Rain; Heat stress; Environmental temperature;
Nitrogen fertilizers
170 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Factors associated with seasonality of milk production in New
York State. Oltenacu, P.A.; Smith, T.R.; Kaiser, H.M.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1989
Apr. Journal of dairy science v. 72 (4): p. 1072-1079. maps;
1989 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New York; Dairy cows; Milk production;
Seasonality; Milk prices; Incentives; Production costs; Cattle
housing; Geographical distribution
171 NAL Call. No.: TH4911.F37
Farm buildings in the west of Scotland.
Kelly, M.
Aberdeen : Scottish Farm Buildings Investigation Unit; 1985
Jul. Farm building progress (81): p. 11-16. ill; 1985 Jul.
Includes 10 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: West scotland; Beef cattle; Dairy cattle; Farm
buildings; Drainage systems; Slurries; Ventilation; Silos;
Cubicles; Pig housing; Cattle housing
172 NAL Call. No.: 100 L935
Feasibility of specialized for-hire cattle handling crews.
Schupp, A.; Riechers, R.
Baton Rouge, La. : The Station; 1987 Sep.
D.A.E. research report - Department of Agricultural Economics
and Agribusiness, Louisiana State University, Louisiana
Agricultural Experiment Station (676): 24 p. maps; 1987 Sep.
Includes statistical data. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Dairy cattle; Beef cattle; Veterinary
services; Feasibility studies; Hired labor; Fees; Cost benefit
analysis; Operating costs
173 NAL Call. No.: HV4761.A5
Federal judge condemns hot-iron face branding.
Washington, D.C. : The Institute; 1987.
The Animal Welfare Institute quarterly v. 35 (1): p. 3. ill;
1987.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dairy cows; Branding; Animal welfare;
Legislation
174 NAL Call. No.: SF239.I45 1985
Feeding and handling colostrum., [Rev.].
Kenealy, M.D.; Hutjens, M.F.; Kilmer, L.H.
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1985.
Illinois-Iowa dairy handbook / University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign [and] Iowa State University at Ames,
Cooperative Extension Service. 3 p.; 1985. Illinois-Iowa
Dairy Guide (203), December, 1980.
Language: English
Descriptors: Calves; Animal feeding; Cow colostrum; Handling;
Immunoglobulins; Immunity
175 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.A2C47
Feeding and management of dairy heifers: 6 months to calving.
Moss, B.R.; Coleman, D.A.; Floyd, J.
Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1992 May.
Circular ANR - Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn
University (632): 6 p.; 1992 May. In subseries: Animal
Science.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Heifers; Dairy cows; Nutrient
requirements; Body weight; Age at first calving; Breeding;
Efficiency; Cattle feeding; Cow housing
176 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 AL14
Feeding and management of the dairy calf: birth to 6 months.
Moss, B.R.; Coleman, D.A.
Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1991 Nov.
Circular HE - Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn
University (609): 8 p.; 1991 Nov. In subseries: Animal
Science.
Language: English
Descriptors: Calves; Dairy cattle; Calf feeding; Cow
colostrum; Feed grains; Calf housing; Cattle husbandry
177 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Feeding behavior of dairy cattle.
Albright, J.L.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Feb. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (2): p. 485-498; 1993 Feb.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Feeding behavior; Grazing;
Rumination; Mangers; Literature reviews
Abstract: Feed accessibility may be more important to cows
than the actual amount of nutrients provided. Competition for
feed, water, and space can be reduced by fenceline feeding of
TMR, which allows all cows to eat at once. Holstein cows that
were fenceline fed a TMR of corn silage and concentrates ate
26% longer following feeding than the same size group eating
from bunks around which they traveled. Many dairies practice
fenceline feeding during which cows' heads are in the natural
grazing position. Cows eating with their heads in the downward
position produce 17% more saliva, which directly affects rumen
function, than cows eating with heads held horizontally. When
fed in shallow, elevated bunks, 10% of cows exhibited year-
round rooting, sorting, feed tossing behavior, and feed
wastage (0 to 5%). Groups fed at ground level or in headlocks
showed little or no feed tossing behavior. This apparent
livestock engineering problem is remedied easily by feeding
cows in the natural head down position. Concrete mangers
renovated with epoxy-type finishes, wood, or tile aid feed
consumption. Social facilitation strongly influences eating
bouts and feed consumption in cows reared in group housing
compared with isolated cows. Palatability has a major
influence on feed intake in ruminants, and the sense of taste
is highly developed in cattle. Pasturing supposedly would
reduce stocking density, environmental pollution (waste
disposal, odor, nuisance), energy costs, and use of housing.
Detailed observations, using intact and ruminally cannulated
cows, suggest a behavioral need for the cow to rest and to
ruminate on her left side.
178 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.A6C6
Feeding/health care of dairy calves under 300 pounds.
Harper, J.
Tucson, Ariz. : The Service; 1985 May.
[Publication] - Cooperative Extension Service, University of
Arizona, College of Agriculture (8503): 7 p.; 1985 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Calves; Animal feeding; Animal
health; Guidelines
179 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Fertility and hormonal responses to temporary relief of heat
stress in lactating dairy cows.
Wise, M.E.; Rodriguez, R.E.; Armstrong, D.V.; Huber, J.T.;
Wiersma, F.; Hunter, R.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1988 May.
Theriogenology v. 29 (5): p. 1027-1035; 1988 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Lactating females; Heat stress;
Female fertility; Reproductive ability; Pregnancy; Estradiol;
Progesterone; Cortisol; Cooling
180 NAL Call. No.: 21.5 Z15
Fertility characteristics of different dairy genotypes under
different management conditions.
Ivancsics, J.; Bader, E.; Kovacs, K.G.
Ljubljana : Fakulteta; 1985.
Zbornik Biotehniske fakultete univerze Edvarda Kardelja v
Ljubljani : Kmetijstvo (46): p. 95-100; 1985.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hungary; Dairy bulls; Dairy cows; Animal
fertility; Genotypes; Loose housing; Milk production
181 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69
The final step in improving milk production of a model dairy:
implementation of recommendations.
Dahl, J.C.; Holmes, B.J.; Wollenzien, A.C.
Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Co; 1991 Apr.
Veterinary medicine v. 86 (4): p. 439-449; 1991 Apr. Fourth
of a series.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Farm dairies; Models; Milk
production; Improvement; Cost benefit analysis; Profitability
182 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Florida dairy cooling methods.
Bucklin, R.A.; Beede, D.K.; Bray, D.R.; Strickland, J.T.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 88-4051): 8 p. ill; 1988. Paper
presented at the 1988 Summer Meeting of the American Society
of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Cow housing; Cooling; Techniques;
Shading; Ventilation; Heat stress
183 NAL Call. No.: TD930.I57 1985
Flush cleaning dairy barns--case studies.
Hermanson, R.E.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1985. Agricultural waste utilization and management
: proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on
Agricultural Wastes, December 16-17, 1985, Hyatt Regency
Chicago, Illinois Center, Chicago, Illinois. p. 590-597. ill;
1985. (ASAE publication ; 13-85). Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Lagoons; Cattle manure; Dairy cows;
Waste disposal; Tanks; Flushing; Design criteria; Case studies
184 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 Am32P
Forced evaporative cooling of dairy cows: on-farm
demonstration results. Turner, L.W.; Warner, R.C.; Chastain,
J.P.; Elder, H.F.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers,; 1991. Paper / (91-4023): 11 p.; 1991. Paper
presented at the "1991 International Summer Meeting sponsored
by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," June
23-26, 1991, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kentucky; Cabt; Dairy cows; Evaporative cooling;
Heat stress
185 NAL Call. No.: QL55.H8
Forgotten and new humane innovations for cattle.
Tacreiter, H.
Washington Grove, MD : Psychologists for the Ethical Treatment
of Animals, c1991-; 1993.
Humane innovations and alternatives v. 7: p. 447-450; 1993.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Animal welfare
186 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
Free stall base and bedding materials: effect on cow comfort.
Rodenburg, J.; House, H.K.; Anderson, N.G.
Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1994.
Annual meeting /. p. 286-291; 1994. Meeting held on January
31-February 2, 1994, Orlando, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy herds; Cubicles; Litter; Animal welfare;
Hygiene
187 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
Freestall designs with cow comfort in mind.
McFarland, D.F.; Gamroth, M.J.
Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1994.
Annual meeting /. p. 270-285; 1994. Meeting held on January
31-February 2, 1994, Orlando, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cubicles; Structural design; Space
requirements; Dimensions; Animal welfare
188 NAL Call. No.: QP501.C6
Glucose entry rate in dairy cattle as determined by stable
isotope 13C-labelled glucose at different stages of
reproduction. Schulze, E.; Fuhrmann, H.; Neitzel, E.S.; Giese,
W.W.; Sallmann, H.P. Oxford : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology : B : Comparative
biochemistry v. 100 (1): p. 167-171; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Glucose; Carbohydrate metabolism;
Kinetics; Radioactive tracers; Quantitative analysis;
Pregnancy; Lactation stage
Abstract: Uniformly labelled stable 13C-glucose was used to
study glucose in high yielding Holstein cows (n = 8) under
normal production conditions. The single injection technique
was repeated at three different reproductive phases. A two
compartment model was applied to calculate mean entry rates of
glucose resulting in: (1) Terminal phase of pregnancy (2 weeks
a.p.): 0.41 g/hr/kg0.75; (2) Peak lactation (6 weeks p.p.):
0.97 g/hr/kg0.75; (3) End of lactation (37 weeks p.p.); 0.61
g/hr/kg0.75. Data from studies using radioactively labelled
tracers are in good agreement with our results obtained
without any restrictions implied by the handling with
radioactive substances.
189 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Grounding resistance and ground currents in dairy facilities.
Stetson, L.E.; Bodman, G.R.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1987.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 87-3033): 14 p. ill; 1987. Paper
presented at the 1987 Summer Meeting of the American Society
of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cow housing; Facilities; Electric current; Flow;
Energy; Losses
190 NAL Call. No.: SF191.K4
Group handling of dairy cows.
Lane, G.T.; Riddell, D.O.; Olson, K.L.
Lexington, Ky., The Service; 1985 Dec.
ASC - University of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service
v.): 3 p.; 1985 Dec.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kentucky; Dairy cows; Milk production; Groups;
Handling; Lactation stage; Loose housing
191 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535
Grouping management and physical facilities.
Sniffen, C.J.
Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1991 Jul.
The Veterinary clinics of North America : food animal practice
v. 7 (2): p. 465-471; 1991 Jul. In the series analytic: Dairy
nutrition management / edited by C. J. Sniffen and T. H.
Herdt. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Farm management; Groups; Animal
behavior; Cow housing; Replacement; Dry period; Lactating
females
192 NAL Call. No.: SF91.I5 1988
Health and physiology of newborn calves housed in severe cold.
Rawson, R.E.; Bates, D.W.; Dziuk, H.E.; Ruth, G.R.; Good,
A.L.; Serfass, R.C.; Anderson, J.F.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1988. Livestock environment III : proceedings of
the Third International Livestock Environment Symposium, April
25-27, 1988, Constellation Hotel, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. p.
365-368; 1988. (ASAE publication ; 1-88). Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Dairy cattle; Calf housing; Winter;
Newborn animals; Pens; Environmental control; Hemorrhage;
Animal health
193 NAL Call. No.: SF601.I4
Health and welfare of animals in modern husbandry systems--
dairy cattle. Webster, J.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1986 May.
In practice v. 8 (3): p. 85-89. ill; 1986 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Animal health; Animal welfare;
Stress; Infectious diseases; Lameness; Bovine mastitis;
Cubicles; Cattle husbandry
194 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Health care of holsteins selected for large or small body
size. Mahoney, C.B.; Hansen, L.B.; Young, C.W.; Marx, G.D.;
Reneau, J.K. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association; 1986 Dec. Journal of dairy science v. 69 (12): p.
3131-3139; 1986 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian; Selection;
Selection criteria; Size; Body measurements; Animal health;
Health care; Digestive disorders; Costs
195 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3
Health management of dairy herds treated with bovine
somatotropin. Kronfeld, D.S.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1994 Jan01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 204
(1): p. 116-130; 1994 Jan01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Herds; Somatotropin; Safety;
Efficacy; Milk production; Animal nutrition; Stress; Animal
health; Cattle diseases; Literature reviews
196 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Health, welfare and fertility implications of the use of
bovine somatotrophin in dairy cattle.
Whitaker, D.A.; Smith, E.J.; Kelly, J.M.; Hodgson-Jones, L.S.
London : The Association; 1988 May21.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary
Association v. 122 (21): p. 503-505; 1988 May21. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Milk production; Somatotropin; Animal
health; Female fertility
197 NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6
Heat Stress. 2. Effects of high environmental temperature on
production, reproduction, and health of dairy cattle.
Shearer, J.K.; Beede, D.K.
Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing
Company; 1990 Sep. Agri-Practice v. 11 (5): p. 6-8, 10-11,
14-16; 1990 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Heat stress; Reproduction; Milk
production; Milk yield
198 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Heat stress and milk production in the South Carolina coastal
plains. Linvill, D.E.; Pardue, F.E.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Sep. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (9): p. 2598-2604; 1992
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Dairy cows; Heat stress; Milk
production; Computer software; Computer simulation; Milk yield
Abstract: A model developed for the South Carolina coastal
plains relates hours with temperature-humidity index values
above 74 and 80 to summer season daily milk production. When
tested on an independent production data set for 1985, the
root mean square model error was less than 1.3 kg/d per cow.
The model can be used to develop expected summer season dairy
production climatologies. Realtime milk production forecasts
obtained using daily predicted maximum and minimum
temperatures can be used in herd management to reduce effects
of heat stress on productivity.
199 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 N811NC
Heat stress can be reduced with shading and water misting.
Whitlow, L.W.
Raleigh, N.C. : North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service;
1987 Jun. North Carolina dairy extension newsletter. p. 3-6;
1987 Jun.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Dairy cows; Heat stress;
Reproductive performance; Mists; Shade; Cattle husbandry
200 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 ON1
Heat stress in dairy cattle and other livestock under Southern
African conditions. I. Temperature-humidity index mean values
during the four main seasons.
Du Preez, J.H.; Giesecke, W.H.; Hattingh, P.J.
Pretoria : South Africa Department of Agriculture and Water
Supply; 1990 Mar. The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary
research v. 57 (1): p. 77-87; 1990 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Southern Africa; Namibia; Dairy cows; Livestock;
Heat stress; Air temperature; Humidity; Seasons; Seasonal
variation; Indexes; Milk production
201 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 ON1
Heat stress in dairy cattle and other livestock under southern
African conditions. III. Monthly temperature-humidity index
mean values and their significance in the performance of dairy
cattle.
Du Preez, J.H.; Hattingh, P.J.; Giesecke, W.H.; Eisenberg,
B.E. Pretoria : South Africa Department of Agriculture and
Water Supply; 1990 Dec. The Onderstepoort journal of
veterinary research v. 57 (4): p. 243-248; 1990 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Africa; Namibia; Dairy cows; Heat stress;
Temperature; Humidity; Indexes; Seasonal variation; Risk
202 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 ON1
Heat stress in dairy cattle under southern African conditions.
II. Identification of areas of potential heat stress during
summer by means of observed true and predicted temperature-
humidity index values. Du Preez, J.H.; Giesecke, W.H.;
Hattingh, P.J.; Eisenberg, B.E. Pretoria : South Africa
Department of Agriculture and Water Supply; 1990 Sep. The
Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research v. 57 (3): p.
183-187; 1990 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Africa; Namibia; Dairy cows; Heat stress;
Environmental temperature; Humidity; Indexes; Summer
203 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535
Heat stress in dairy cows: its effect on reproduction.
Thatcher, W.W.; Drost, M.
Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1987 Nov.
The Veterinary clinic of North America : food animal practice
v. 3 (3): p. 609-618; 1987 Nov. In the series analytic:
Bovine reproduction / edited by R.H. BonDurant. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Estrus; Blood flow;
Embryonic development; Fetal growth; Milk yield; Reproduction
204 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Heat stress interaction with shade and cooling.
Armstrong, D.V.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1994
Jul. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (7): p. 2044-2050; 1994
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Cabt; Dairy cows; Heat stress; Shade;
Evaporative cooling; Pens; Fans; Climatic zones; Relative
humidity; Environmental temperature; Literature reviews
Abstract: Hot weather causes heat stress in dairy cattle.
Although effects are more severe in hot climates, dairy cattle
in areas with relatively moderate climates also are exposed to
periods of heat stress. The resultant decrease in milk
production and reproductive efficiency can be offset by
implementation of a program consisting of cooling through
shades, ventilation and spray, and fans. The economic benefit
should be determined before installation of equipment to
reduce heat stress.
205 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Heat transfer properties of dry and wet furs of dairy cows.
Arkin, H.; Kimmel, E.; Berman, A.; Broday, D.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1991 Nov. Transactions of the ASAE v. 34 (6): p.
2550-2558. ill; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cattle housing; Dairy cows; Energy metabolism;
Fur; Evaporative cooling; Heat stress; Heat transfer;
Mathematical models; Theory
Abstract: Heat and mass transfer properties of an Israeli-
Holstein dairy cow fur were examined. The skin was stretched
over a heat flux assembly, inserted into a wind tunnel, and
heat and mass transfer were examined at different air
velocities with fur either dry or wet. The dry coat was
divided into two layers - the fur and the boundary layer. The
thermal resistance of the fur itself hardly changed with air
velocity. The resistance to heat transfer of the coat boundary
layer was found to be proportional to the square root of air
velocity, similar to a flat plate. However, at low air
velocity, the resistance of the coat boundary layer was found
to be somewhat lower than that of a plate, while at high air
velocities, it was higher than that of a plate. For the wet
fur, the efficiency of forced evaporative cooling was
determined by a single parameter of "wettedness", which
equaled unity for a saturated fur and decreased as the coat
got drier. This parameter is specific for a given coat and is
directly related to the water content within the fur.
Experiments were performed to measure the relationship between
the wettedness and the amount of water sprinkled over the fur.
The maximum water content of a coat wet by means of a
commercially available sprinkler was some 230 g/m2 which
corresponded to wettedness of 0.6. The results of this
investigation may be used to design the most cost effective
procedure of forced evaporative cooling for the relief of heat
stress in cattle.
206 NAL Call. No.: SF191.D3
Heat-stress cures.
Klingborg, D.J.
Minnetonka, Minn. : Miller Publishing Company; 1990 Jun.
Dairy herd management v. 27 (6): p. 38; 1990 Jun.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress
207 NAL Call. No.: 6 AR44
Heat-stressed dairy cows--ways to improve production,
reproduction. Zaugg, N.L.
Tempe, Ariz. : Arizona Farmer-Stockman; 1987 Jul.
Arizona farmer-stockman v. 66 (7): p. 6. ill; 1987 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Dairy cows; Heat stress; Milk
production; Feed intake; Water intake; Humidity; Cooling
208 NAL Call. No.: SF239.I45 1985
Herringbone and side-opening milking parlors., [Rev.].
Bickert, W.G.; Armstrong, D.V.
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1985.
Illinois-Iowa dairy handbook / University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign [and] Iowa State University at Ames,
Cooperative Extension Service. 6 p. ill; 1985. Illinois-Iowa
Dairy Guide (401), September, 1980.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Arizona; Dairy cows; Milking parlors;
Mechanization; Design; Milking; Operating costs
209 NAL Call. No.: SF967.H65N63 1993
Hoof care for dairy cattle.
Nocek, James E.
Fort Atkinson, WI : Hoard's Dairyman,; 1993.
32 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Cover title.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hoofs; Dairy cattle; Hoofs; Dairy cattle
210 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Hormonal alterations in the lactating dairy cow in response to
thermal stress. Wise, M.E.; Armstrong, D.V.; Huber, J.T.;
Hunter, R.; Wiersma, F. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy
Science Association; 1988 Sep. Journal of dairy science v. 71
(9): p. 2480-2485; 1988 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Lactating females; Heat stress;
Progesterone; Estradiol; Cortisol; Lh; Estrous cycle; Hormone
secretion
211 NAL Call. No.: SF55.A78A7
Housing and management of dairy cattle in small scale farms of
East Java, in Indonesia.
Djoharjani, S.T.; Ibrahim, M.N.M.
Suweon, Korea : Asian-Australasian Association of Animal
Production Societies, c1988-; 1993 Sep.
Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences v. 6 (3): p.
389-394; 1993 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indonesia; Cabt; Dairy cows; Cattle husbandry;
Cow housing; Tethered housing; Small farms
212 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.W6W53
Housing dairy replacements.
Holmes, B.J.
Madison, Wis. : The Service; 1985.
Publication - University of Wisconsin, Cooperative Extension
Service (A3307): 22 p.; 1985. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Cow housing; Construction;
Planning; Barns; Litter; Calves; Heifers; Stalls; Slatted
floors
213 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
Housing, husbandry, and welfare of dairy cattle: January 1982
- Aug 1993. Berry, D.
Beltsville, Md., National Agricultural Library; 1993 Aug.
Quick bibliography series - National Agricultural Library
(93-58): 63 p.; 1993 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Animal welfare; Cattle housing;
Cattle husbandry; Bibliographies
214 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
Housing management in small dairies.
Johnson, A.P.
Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1988.
Annual meeting - National Mastitis Council, Inc (27th): p.
18-22; 1988.
Language: English
Descriptors: Farm dairies; Cow housing; Small farms; Farm
management; Milking parlors
215 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
How does natural ventilation work and why?.
Timmons, M.B.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1990.
Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (90-4551):
15 p.; 1990. Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter
Meeting sponsored by The American Society of Agricultural
Engineers," December 18-21, 1990, Chicago, Illinois. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ventilation; Models; Nomograms; Dairy cattle
216 NAL Call. No.: SF191.D3
How to handle bulls.
Wilson, M.; Seykora, T.
Minneapolis : Miller Publishing Co; 1986 Aug.
Dairy herd management v. 23 (8): p. 26-27. ill; 1986 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy bulls; Handling
217 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563N33
Impact of animal growth promotants on the dairy industry.
Kalter, R.J. \u Cornell University
Ithaca, N.Y. : National Agricultural Biotechnology Council;
1989. NABC report / (1): p. 190-193; 1989. In the series
analytic: Biotechnology and sustainable agriculture : Policy
alternatives / edited by J.F. McDonald. Paper presented at the
first annual National Agricultural Biotechnology Council
meeting, May 22-24, 1989.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Growth promoters; Utilization; Dairy
industry; Farm structure; Milk production; Profitability;
Agricultural policy
218 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
The impact of free-stall housing on somatic cell counts in
bulk-tank milk. Lehenbauer, T.; Jones, T.; Collar, L.
Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1994.
Annual meeting /. p. 250-261; 1994. Meeting held on January
31-February 2, 1994, Orlando, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cabt; Dairy cows; Cow housing; Bulk
milk; Somatic cell count; Seasonal variation; Bovine mastitis
219 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Implications of dairy herd size for farm material transport,
plant nutrient management, and water quality.
Lanyon, L.E.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Jan. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (1): p. 334-344; 1992 Jan.
Paper presented at the symposium "Nutritional Factors
Affecting Animal Water and Waste Quality", August 27, 1990.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Livestock numbers; Dairy farms;
Fertilizers; Soil analysis; Farm management; Runoff water;
Water quality; Literature reviews
Abstract: Farm material transport to, from, and within dairy
farms can create zones of plant nutrient depiction and
accumulation that range in scale from local to international.
The introduction, adoption, and use of fertilizers have
resulted in substantial movement of plant nutrients to dairy
farms. Fertilizers contributed to enhanced crop growth and
frequently the correction of sod nutrient deficiencies. They
also represented an opportunity to replace plant nutrients
exported from a farm in crops so that it was possible for some
farms to specialize in the production of crops. These exported
crops often became imports for other farms that specialized in
livestock. However, the nutrient-holding capacity of sod on
any farm is limited, so the potential for additions to the
stock of nutrients, especially of P and K, on a farm can be
expected to decrease with time. After a period of net nutrient
additions on a dairy farm, the quantity of nutrients that can
be accommodated is controlled by the productivity of the
animals, the management of the animal handling facilities, and
the off-farm purchases of feeds and other materials for the
animals. Field and biophysical-economic simulation studies
have demonstrated that interactions between alternative
management strategies and societal perspectives about water
quality and the biological and economic performance of dairy
farms may sometimes lead to unexpected outcomes.
220 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
The importance of udder and teat conformation for teat seeking
by the newborn calf.
Ventorp, M.; Michanek, P.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Jan. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (1): p. 262-268; 1992 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Calves; Newborn animals; Teats;
Udders; Colostrum; Suckling; Feeding behavior; Height; Body
measurements
Abstract: Because antibody levels in colostrum and the
efficiency of the intestinal absorption of these antibodies
decrease with time after birth, late suckling newborn calves
risk receiving passive immunity. The influence of the
conformation and size of the udder and teats of the dam on the
teat-seeking behavior of newborn calves with respect to the
time they first suckle was studied in 42 cow-calf pairs housed
in individual calving pens. A smaller distance from udder to
floor (e.g., low slung udders) led to increased variation and
a significant increase in the time spent teat seeking; it also
had a significant effect on the time of the first suckle. The
variation in the distance from udder to floor accounted for 24
and 15% of the variations in rank order of the calves with
respect to duration of active teat seeking before first
suckling and to the time to first suckle, respectively. The
results of this study showed that calves born to cows or
heifers with low slung udders cannot be expected to obtain
colostrum soon enough by natural suckling. They should either
be helped to suckle or be hand fed to ensure that they receive
a good and adequate passive immunity.
221 NAL Call. No.: S600.2.C6 1985
Improving dairy production in hot arid climates.
Wiersma, F.; Armstrong, D.V.
Boston : The Society; 1985.
17th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology and
seventh Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology, May
21-24, 1985, Scottsdale, Ariz. : [preprint volume] / sponsored
by the American Meteorological Society. p. 377-379; 1985.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Heat stress; Milk production; Arid
zones; Cooling
222 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.567
Improving milk quality produced by Department of Agricultural
Journalism in cooperation with Agriculture/Agri-Business
Program, University of Wisconsin-Extension, Cooperative
Extension Service.. Managing your environment Using
monitoring systems
University of Wisconsin-Extension, Agriculture-Agribusiness
Program, University of Wisconsin, Dept. of Agricultural
Jounalism
Madison, Wis. : The Dept.,; 1987.
2 videocassettes (35 min., 56 sec.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.
VHS. Produced through the facilities of WHA-TV, University of
Wisconsin-Extension, Madison, WI.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Housing; Milk production; Milking;
Mastitis; Prevention
223 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
In vitro evaluation of early embryo viability and development
in summer heat-stressed, superovulated dairy cows.
Monty, D.E. Jr; Racowsky, C.
Los Altos, Calif. : Geron-X; 1987 Oct.
Theriogenology v. 28 (4): p. 451-465; 1987 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Embryos (animal); Embryonic
development; Heat stress; Infertility; Viability;
Superovulation
224 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
The incidence of clinical mastitis in cows exposed to cooling
ponds for heat stress management.
Shearer, J.K.; Bray, D.R.; Elvinger, F.C.; Reed, P.A.
Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1987.
Annual meeting - National Mastitis Council, Inc (26th): p.
66-70; 1987. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Dairy cows; Bovine mastitis; Heat
stress; Cooling; Ponds
225 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C162
The incidence of cystic ovaries in dairy cattle housed in a
total confinement system.
Hackett, A.J.; Batra, T.R.
Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1985 Jan.
Canadian journal of comparative medicine; Revue canadienne de
medecine comparee v. 49 (1): p. 55-57; 1985 Jan. Includes 21
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Ovarian cysts; Cow housing
226 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
The influence of intensively managed rotational grazing,
traditional continuous grazing, and confinement housing on
bulk tank milk quality and udder health.
Goldberg, J.J.; Wildman, E.E.; Pankey, J.W.; Kunkel, J.R.;
Howard, D.B.; Murphy, B.M.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Jan. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (1): p. 96-104; 1992 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vermont; Dairy cows; Rotational grazing; Zero
grazing; Selective grazing; Bovine mastitis; Udders; Teats;
Bulk milk; Milk tanks; Dairy farms; Teat dip; Microbial
contamination; Milk quality; Plate count
Abstract: Monthly bulk tank milk samples and veterinary
records were analyzed for 1 yr on 15 Vermont dairy farms. Data
were evaluated using ANOVA to compare effects of grazing
management systems on milk quality and udder health. Systems
evaluated were intensively managed rotational grazing,
traditional continuous grazing, and confinement housing. Bulk
tank samples were evaluated for standard plate count,
bacterial type counts on tryptose-blood-esculin agar, and SCC.
Veterinary records were evaluated for incidence of clinical
mastitis, udder edema, and teat injuries. Within- and between-
treatment group analyses were conducted by season, herd size,
and udder sanitation systems. Mean standard plate counts were
lower in rotationally grazed herds than counts of confined
herds during die grazing season. Similarly, rotationally
grazed herds with fewer than 60 cows had lower standard plate
counts than confined herds of similar size. Mean bulk tank
counts of streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae
during the grazing season differed among treatments. The
lowest counts occurred in rotationally grazed herds. Among
herd using predip products recognized as efficacious, fewer
streptococci other than S. agalactiae were isolated from bulk
tank milk of rotationally grazed herds than confined herds.
Rotationally grazed herds using postdips recognized as
efficacious had lower SCC than those using unrecognized
postdips. No udder health differences were observed among
grazing treatments.
227 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 C164
Influence of manure-handling systems on heat and moisture
loads in free-stall dairy housing.
Quille, T.J.; McQuitty, J.B.; Clark, P.C.
Ottawa : Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering; 1986
Jul. Canadian agricultural engineering v. 28 (2): p. 175-181;
1986 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Cattle manure; Handling; Cow housing;
Slatted floors; Stalls; Heat production; Moisture
228 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
The influence of premilking teat preparation and attachment
delay on milk yield and milking performance.
Rasmussen, M.D.; Frimer, E.S.; Galton, D.M.; Petersson, L.G.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Aug. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (8): p. 2131-2141; 1992
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Milk yield; Machine milking; Teats;
Dairy breeds; Milk flow; Milk composition; Lactation stage;
Breed differences; Lactation number
Abstract: Premilking teat preparation and attachment delay
were varied in four experiments conducted with American
Holstein, Danish Holstein, and Danish Jersey cows. Premilking
teat preparation varied from 10 to 30 s and consisted of
wiping teats for 6 to 20 s and stripping one to five squirts
of milk from each teat. Attachment delay from beginning of
premilking teat preparation until machine attachment varied
from .5 to 3.0 min. Longer preparation significantly increased
milk yield for Danish Jersey cows, but not for American or
Danish Holstein cows. Older Danish Jersey cows were more
sensitive to premilking teat preparation than first lactation
cows. Attachment delay influenced the milk yield in Danish
Jersey cows, amount of residual fat in American Holsteins, and
fat percentage in the residual milk of American and Danish
Holstein cows. A 1.3-min delay can be generally recommended
for the whole herd with only small or no milk loss for cows in
early stage of lactation. Milk yield decreased for Danish
Jersey cows and tended to decrease for American Holstein cows
when machine attachment was delayed to 3.0 min, regardless of
stage of lactation. The lack of treatment effects for Danish
Holstein cows may be due to a lack of conditioned stimulation
for cows milked in their tie stalls compared with the response
of cows moved to milking parlors for milking. Added duration
of teat wiping, vigorousness of teat stripping, and delay of
machine attachment hastened steady milk flow. Conversely,
advanced days in lactation delayed steady milk flow. The high
fat content of Danish Jerseys did not delay the start of
steady milk flow compared with the American and Danish
Holsteins. In late stage of lactation, 30 s of teat
preparation and 1.3 min of machine attachment delay minimized
time until steady milk flow as well as 10 s of teat
preparation and 3.0 min of attachment delay.
229 NAL Call. No.: 340.8 IN8
Influence of season and microclimate on fertility of dairy
cows in a hot-arid environment.
Ray, D.E.; Jassim, A.H.; Armstrong, D.V.; Wiersma, F.; Schuh,
J.D. Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
International journal of biometeorology v. 36 (3): p. 141-145;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Dairy cows; Calving interval; Heat
stress; Microclimate; Shade; Evaporative cooling; Fogging;
Arid climate; Climatic factors; Seasonal fluctuations
Abstract: Records were obtained over a 3 year period from six
Holstein dairy farms of 300 to 500 cows each in the Phoenix,
Ariz. area. Dairies were selected on the basis of similar
management practices, herd size, milk production and
facilities (with the exception of cooling systems).
Microclimatic modifications (two dairies each) were shade only
(approximately 3.7 m2/cow), evaporative -cooled shades and
low-pressure water foggers under the shades. Data were
categorized by season of calving (spring, Feb.-May; summer,
June-Sept.; and fall, Oct. - Jan.). Traits evaluated were
calving interval, days open and services/conception. Calving
interval was shortest for cows calving in the spring (378
days), intermediate in fall (382 days) and longest in summer
(396 days). Similar seasonal trends were observed for days
open (103, 103 and 119 days, respectively) and
services/conception (1.54, 1.81 and 1.93, respectively). All
differences between spring and summer were significant (P <
0.05). Calving interval and days open were less for
evaporative-cooled groups (374 and 98 days, respectively),
with no difference between shade only and foggers (391 and 392
days, 112 and 116 days, respectively). Services/conception
were similar for all groups (1.72 to 1.79). A significant
interaction between microclimate and season for
services/conception could be interpreted as (i) smaller season
differences for evaporative-cooled groups than for shade or
foggers, or (ii) a change in the ranking of control and fogger
groups during summer versus fall. Evaporative cooling was more
effective than fogging for reducing the detrimental effects of
seasonal high temperatures on fertility.
230 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
The influence of shade on milk production of Holstein-Friesian
cows in a tropical upland environment.
Davison, T.M.; Silver, B.A.; Lisle, A.T.; Orr, W.N.
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization; 1988.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 28 (2): p.
149-154; 1988. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Queensland; Holstein-friesian; Dairy cows; Milk
production; Shade; Milk yield; Milk composition; Tropical
zones; Upland areas; Heat stress; Yield response functions
231 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
The influence of social factors on allogrooming in cows.
Sato, S.; Tarumizu, K.; Hatae, K.
Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier, 1984-; 1993 Dec.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 38 (3/4): p. 235-244; 1993
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Beef cows; Grooming; Kinship; Social
structure; Spatial distribution; Social interaction; Altruism
232 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Influence of summer heat stress on pregnancy rates of
lactating dairy cattle following embryo transfer or artificial
insemination.
Putney, D.J.; Drost, M.; Thatcher, W.W.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1989 Apr.
Theriogenology v. 31 (4): p. 765-778; 1989 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Dairy cows; Lactating females;
Pregnancy; Heat stress; Embryos (animal); Transfers;
Artificial insemination; Summer; Estrous cycle; Superovulated
females; Cattle breeds
233 NAL Call. No.: 340.8 IN8
The influence of thermal conditions on rectal temperature,
respiration rate and pulse rate of lactating Holstein-Friesian
cows in the humid tropics. Kabuga, J.D.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
International journal of biometeorology v. 36 (3): p. 146-150;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Lactating females; Holstein-friesian;
Heat stress; Milk yield; Body temperature; Respiration rate;
Pulse rate; Air temperature; Relative humidity; Rain; Diurnal
variation; Environmental factors; Correlation
Abstract: The effect of minimum, maximum and mean ambient air
temperatures and the temperature-humidity index (THI) of the
same and the previous day on morning (a.m.) and afternoon
(p.m.) rectal temperatures (RT), respiration rates (RR) and
pulse rates (PR) were studied in 17 Holstein-Friesian cows
over the first 125 days in the 3rd and 4th lactations.
Physiological responses showed a diurnal pattern, being lower
in the mornings than the afternoons: 38.6 vs 39.0 degrees C
for RT, 52.2 vs 60.7 breaths/min for RR and 58.1 vs 64.1
beats/ min for PR. Correlations between RT and RR (r = - 0.043
to -0.046) and RT and PR (r = - 0.178 to - 0.261) were low (P
> 0.05). Correlations between RR and PR (r = 0.353 to 0.365)
were moderate (P < 0.05). Weather variables, especially
ambient temperature of the previous day, were more important
and influenced physiological responses to a greater extent
than other thermal factors the same day. Generally,
physiological responses were influenced to a greater extent by
ambient temperature than THI. Weather variables explained
variations in RT (5.1-59.6%), in RR (13.0-17.8%) and in PR
(22.1-25.4%). Relationships between weather variables the
previous day and physiological responses were contradictory,
with minimum and maximum values showing a negative
relationship in contrast with a positive relationship for mean
values.
234 NAL Call. No.: 49 W89
Intensification of cattle milk production in Mediterranean
countries: low forage systems.
Susmel, P.; Spanghero, M.; Mills, C.R.
Rome : International Publishing Enterprises; 1990 Apr.
World review of animal production v. 25 (2): p. 59-68; 1990
Apr. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mediterranean countries; Dairy cattle; Milk
production; Intensive livestock farming; Limiting factors
235 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Interactions of heat stress and bovine somatotropin affecting
physiology and immunology of lactating cows.
Elvinger, F.; Natzke, R.P.; Hansen, P.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Feb. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (2): p. 449-462; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Heat stress; Milk
yield; Body temperature; Mammary glands; Lymphocytes; Immune
response; Environmental temperature; Hydrocortisone; Cell
counting
Abstract: During summer, 34 cows received daily injections of
placebo or 25 mg of bST and were placed in a thermoregulated
or a heat stress environment. Heat stress increased rectal
temperatures, respiration rates, and plasma cortisol
concentrations and decreased milk yield. Four of 9 bST-treated
cows and none of 8 control cows became atactic on the 1st d of
heat stress. When exposed to beat stress, cows treated with
bST experienced higher rectal temperatures throughout the
trials than cows treated with placebo. Nonetheless, bST
increased milk yields in both environments. The major effect
of heat stress on immune function was decreased migration of
leukocytes to the mammary gland after chemotactic challenge.
This effect of heat stress was not altered by bST. In summary,
hyperthermia induced by beat stress and associated changes
were greater for cows treated with bST. Detected effects of
heat stress on the immune system were few and were not
alleviated by bST. Use of bST during summer in subtropical
climate zones requires careful management to avoid
overexposure of bST-treated cows to heat stress.
236 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3
An international perspective on bovine somatotropin and
clinical mastitis. Willeberg, P.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1994 Aug15.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 205
(4): p. 538-541; 1994 Aug15. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Bovine mastitis;
Incidence; Animal welfare
237 NAL Call. No.: 49 W89
The introduction of temperate dairy cattle into tropical and
sub-tropical areas and the subsequent effects on milk
production.
Esmail, S.H.M.
Rome : International Publishing Enterprises; 1988 Oct.
World review of animal production v. 24 (4): p. 23-29; 1988
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Heat stress; Milk production;
Tropical zones; Subtropics; Milk yield; Milk production; Milk
composition; Heat tolerance; Diet
238 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 B872
An investigation into the heat stress suffered by imported
Holstein-Friesian cows in the humid tropics.
Kabuga, J.D.; Agyemang, K.
Nairobi : Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources; 1992 Dec.
Bulletin of animal health and production in Africa; Bulletin
de la sante et de la production animales en Afrique v. 40 (4):
p. 245-252; 1992 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress
239 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 Ut72R no.B-267
De invloed van overbezetting op de individuele ruwvoeropname
van melkkoeien = The influence of overcrowding on the
individual roughage intake of dairy cows.. Influence of
overcrowding on the individual roughage intake of dairy cows
Hopster, H.
Zeist : Instituut voor Veeteeltkundig Onderzoek "Schoonoord",;
1986. 62 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. (Rapport / Instituut voor
Veeteeltkundig Onderzoek "Schoonoord" ; B-267). English
summary. Juni 1986. Bibliography: p. 45-46.
Language: Dutch
240 NAL Call. No.: 286.81 F322
Japanese dairy industry faces pressures like that of U.S.
Simpson, J.R.; Blokland, P.J. van
Minnetonka, Minn. : Miller Publishing Co; 1993 Jun14.
Feedstuffs v. 65 (24): p. 16-17; 1993 Jun14. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Japan; U.S.A.; Dairy industry; Agricultural
structure; Dairy farms; Outturn; Comparisons; Dairy cows
241 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AC87
Ketosis in Norwegian dairy herds--some epidemiological
associations. Riemann, H.P.; Larssen, R.B.; Simensen, E.
Copenhagen : Danske Dyrlaegeforening; 1985.
Acta veterinaria scandinavica v. 26 (4): p. 482-492; 1985.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Norway; Dairy cattle; Ketosis; Animal feeding;
Animal housing; Dairy farming; Farm management
242 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27P
Keys to dairy manure management for water quality.
Hermanson, R.E.
Pullman, Wash. : The Service; 1992 Jun.
Extension bulletin - Washington State University, Cooperative
Extension Service (1658): 7 p.; 1992 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy wastes; Cattle manure; Farm management;
Feces collection; Waste treatment; Water quality
243 NAL Call. No.: SF91.I5 1988
Kinetic analysis on walking behavior of cows.
Sato, Y.; Tsutsui, Y.; Shishido, H.; Yamagishi, N.; Furukawa,
R. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1988. Livestock environment III : proceedings of
the Third International Livestock Environment Symposium, April
25-27, 1988, Constellation Hotel, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. p.
171-178. ill; 1988. (ASAE publication ; 1-88). Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Japan; Dairy cows; Farm dairies; Floors;
Locomotion; Slip resistant finishes; Kinetics; Instrumentation
244 NAL Call. No.: 104 D41 no.682
Koens naermiljo adfaerd og trykpavirkninger i relation til
udformning af foderbord og bindseltype = Constructions of tie-
stalls for dairy cows : behaviour and pressure recordings at
different tie-systems and constructions of the manger..
Constructions of tie-stalls for dairy cows Munksgaard, Lene
Foulum : Statens Husdyrbrugsforsog,; 1990.
31 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. (Beretning fra Statens Husdyrbrugsforsog
; 682.). Abstract and subtitles in English. Includes
bibliographical references (p. 31).
Language: Danish
245 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Lactation, health, and reproduction of dairy cows receiving
daily injection of sustained-release somatotropin.
Zhao, X.; Burton, J.H.; McBride, B.W.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Nov. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (11): p. 3122-3130; 1992
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Subcutaneous injection;
Controlled release; Milk composition; Milk yield; Lactation
number; Feed intake; Dry matter; Energy intake; Body weight;
Animal health; Animal welfare; Reproductive performance; Drug
formulations
Abstract: Seventy-four Holstein cows (26 primiparous) were
utilized to compare the efficacy and safety of sustained-
release versus daily injectable formulations of recombinant
bST. Twenty-four control cows were injected biweekly with oil
microsphere; 25 cows were injected biweekly with 350 mg of bST
microsphere; and 25 cows were injected daily with 10.3 mg of
bST. Injections were initiated between wk 4 and 5 of lactation
and continued for 280 d. Administration of bST caused a
moderate increase in milk and FCM production and improved the
efficiency of feed and energy conversions. Most health-related
and reproduction-related variables did not differ among
treatment groups. However, incidence of teat and udder
disorders and feet and leg problems tended to be higher during
the 40-wk injection period for the bST-treated cows than for
the control cows. Incidence of GnRH therapy and number of days
to first service were higher for daily bST-treated cows than
for controls. No differences existed between sustained-release
and daily bST-treated cows for any parameters monitored.
246 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Lactational response of Jersey cows to bovine somatotropin
administered daily or in a sustained-release formulation.
Jenny, B.F.; Grimes, L.W.; Pardue, F.E.; Rock, D.W.;
Patterson, D.L. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association; 1992 Dec. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (12): p.
3402-3407; 1992 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Milk yield; Milk
composition; Feed intake; Dry matter; Feed conversion;
Controlled release; Injection; Body weight; Body condition;
Bovine mastitis
Abstract: Twenty-four Jersey cows were administered either 0
or 15.5 mg of bST/d or 310 mg of bST/14 d to determine the
effect on milk yield, milk composition, feed intake, and body
weight. Administration of bST was from wk 14 through 42
postpartum. Cows were housed in a tie-stall barn and fed for
ad libitum intake a TMR adjusted to one of two energy protein
densities according to milk yield. Milk yield of cows
administered bST daily or by sustained-release vehicle
increased 27.6 and 24.7%, respectively, over that of control
cows; FCM increased by 30.3 and 26.7%. Percentages of fat and
protein in milk were unaffected by bST treatment. Dry matter
intake of cows administered bST was greater than that of
control cows, whether expressed as kilograms per day or as a
percentage of body weight. Apparent efficiency of yield
increased in cows administered bST. No significant change in
body weight occurred; however, cows administered bST had lower
body condition scores at 42 wk postpartum. This trial
demonstrated comparable effects of bST on lactational
performance when administered daily or in a 14-d sustained-
release vehicle.
247 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Liner collection cone and pH effects on postthaw motility,
staining, and acrosomes of bovine spermatozoa.
Smith, J.F.; Merilan, C.P.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1991
Apr. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (4): p. 1310-1313; 1991
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy bulls; Semen; Collection; Artificial
vagina; Liners; Polyethylene; Rubber; Spermatozoa; Motility;
Acrosome; Ph; Semen diluents; Heat stress; Frozen semen
Abstract: Sixteen ejaculates were collected, four each from
four bulls, using artificial vaginas with polyethylene or
rubber liner collection cones in a crossover design
experiment. The ejaculates were diluted with egg yolk-citrate
extender at pH 6.4 or 7.2, cooled, glycerolated, equilibrated,
packaged in .5-ml French straws, frozen in nitrogen vapor, and
stored in liquid nitrogen. Thirty frozen straws from each
ejaculate were thawed rapidly (46.5 degrees C for 12 s),
pooled, and then incubated at 46.5 degrees C for periodic
evaluation of progressive motility, differential staining, and
acrosome morphology under thermal stress conditions. The
postthaw motility of spermatozoa and percentage of unstained
cells were higher both when collected in polyethylene than in
rubber and when extended at pH 7.2 vs. 6.4, but no interaction
was found between liner collection cone composition and pH for
postthaw motility. Retention of spermatozoan motility during
incubation under thermal stress was greater for cells
collected in polyethylene, but not different due to pH.
Neither pH nor composition of liner correction cone had an
effect on postthaw acrosomal scores, but the time required for
a 50% increase in severely damaged acrosomes was greater for
spermatozoa collected in polyethylene than in rubber liner
collection cones.
248 NAL Call. No.: SF91.I568 1987
Locomotion of cattle in loose housing systems.
Kampkens, K.; Boxberger, J.
St. Joseph, Mich.? : The Society; 1987.
Latest developments in livestock housing : Seminar of the 2nd
Technical Section of the C.I.G.R. / Univ of Illinois, Urbana-
Champaign, Illinois, USA, June 22-26, 1987 ; hosted by
American Society of Agricultural Engineers. p. 179-190. ill;
1987. (Reports / International Commission of Agricultural
Engineering). Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: German federal republic; Cattle housing; Pens;
Slatted floors; Farm dairies; Dairy cows; Locomotion; Loose
housing
249 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
Maize silage for the pasture-fed dairy cow. 2. A comparison
between two systems for feeding silage while grazing perennial
pastures in the spring. Moran, J.B.; Jones, D.
East Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organization; 1992.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 32 (3): p.
287-292; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Victoria; Dairy cows; Friesian; Feed intake;
Grazing; Irrigated pastures; Maize silage; Rumen digestion;
Spring; Milk fat; Milk protein; Milk yield
250 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.A2C47
Management and care of the dry cow.
Moss, B.R.
Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1988 Jul.
Circular ANR - Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn
University (289): 4 p.; 1988 Jul. In subseries: Agriculture &
Natural Resources. Animal Science.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Dairy herds; Dry lot feeding
251 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Management and economic implications of intensive grazing on
dairy farms in the northeastern states.
Parker, W.J.; Muller, L.D.; Buckmaster, D.R.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Sep. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (9): p. 2587-2597; 1992
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Dairy cows; Grazing; Dry feeding;
Forage; Alfalfa; Maize; Land use; Agricultural land; Herbage
Abstract: The effects of intensive grazing by dairy cattle on
annual herbage utilization, forage and crop production, and
net returns were compared with a drylot feeding system for a
typical Pennsylvania dairy farm using linked spreadsheet
models. The 80-ha case farm supported a herd of 53 cows and 48
replacements with a herd average of 6800 kg of milk/yr per
cow. Annual feed consumption for the grazing farm included
173, 182, and 118 tonnes of pasture, stored forage, and
concentrate DM, respectively. Corresponding tonnes of DM for
the drylot feeding system were 47, 293, and 114. Net herbage
production of 6589 kg of DM/ha was used for grazing (5350 kg
of Dm/ha) and for hay (970 kg of Dm/ha), and 269 kg/ha were
not utilized on the grazing farm. On the confined farm,
herbage was used primarily for hay (4484 kg of Dm/ha) rather
than for grazing (1446 kg of Dm/ha), and herbage loss amounted
to 659 kg of Dm/ha. The gross margin was $121 per cow higher
on the grazing farm. Despite this potential to improve the
profitability of dairy farms, the low usage of intensive
grazing in the northeastern US is likely to continue until
dairy producers become confident 1) that milk production per
cow can be maintained at a level similar to that for confined
feeding or 2) that the relative price of concentrates, stored
forage, and pasture change to favor grazing more.
252 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Managerial determinants of intramammary coliform and
environmental streptococci infections in Ohio dairy herds.
Bartlett, P.C.; Miller, G.Y.; Lance, S.E.; Heider, L.E.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
May. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (5): p. 1241-1252; 1992
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Dairy cows; Dairy herds; Bovine mastitis;
Coliform bacteria; Coliform count; Dairy hygiene; Sanitation;
Streptococcus; Farm comparisons; Farm management
Abstract: Forty-eight dairy herds in Ohio were selected as a
stratified random sample for participation in a disease
monitoring study to relate die prevalence of IMI with coliform
and environmental streptococci to herd management and
environmental conditions. Management and environmental
conditions were assessed by farm inspection and by an
interview with the dairy producers. A separate analysis for
each independent variable identified many potential disease
determinants. A multivariable analysis of a covariance model
to predict the prevalence of coliforms had 6 model df (R2 =
.47). Increased prevalence of coliform infection was
associated with an increased amount of milk remaining in the
udder after milking, use of free stalls, regular use of a
running water wash, increased person hours per cow spent
milking, and poor sanitation. The multivariable model for
environmental streptococci used 5 model df (R2 = .51).
Increased prevalence of environmental streptococci was
associated with poor sanitation, increased number of days dry,
use of tie stalls, no use of a shared wash cloth, and no use
of an individual dry cloth.
253 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 G29B
Managing & feeding lactating dairy cows in hot weather.
West, J.W.
Athens, Ga. : The Service; 1987 Jun.
Bulletin - Cooperative Extension Service, University of
Georgia, College of Agriculture (956): 15 p.; 1987 Jun.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Lactation; Shade; Feed
rations
254 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
Manger misting improves dairy cows' appetite.
Shultz, T.A.; Morrison, S.R.
Berkeley, Calif. : The Station; 1987 May.
California agriculture - California Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 41 (5/6): p. 12-13. ill; 1987 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Dairy cows; Mangers; Mists;
Environmental control; Appetite; Heat stress; Feed intake;
Milk yield; Mortality; Reproductive performance
255 NAL Call. No.: SF206.M37 1986
Mari membangun dan menyempurnakan kandang sapi perah kita
masing-masing serta memberi makan sebaik-baiknya, agar sapi
kita sehat dan produksi susunya selalu meningkat [Improving
the housing and feeding of dairy cattle to increase the milk
production].
Indonesia, Departemen Pertanian, Kantor Wilayah Daerah Khusus
Ibukota Jakarta Jakarta : KANWIL Pertanian, DKI Jakarta,;
1986.
ii, 18 p. : ill. ; 19 cm. (Seri peternakan ; no.
001/NAK/vi/86). Includes bibliographical references (p. 18).
Language: Indonesian
Descriptors: Dairy cattle
256 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66
Mastitis control in the confinement freestall barn.
Britten, A.M.
Lawrenceville, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company;
1987 Feb. The Compendium on continuing education for the
practicing veterinarian v. 9 (2): p. F45-F46, F48-F49. ill;
1987 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Bovine mastitis; Disease control;
Stalls; Loose housing; Design; Litter
257 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
Maternal behaviour of dairy heifers and sucking of their
newborn calves in group housing.
Illmann, G.; Spinka, M.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1993 Apr.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 36 (2/3): p. 91-98; 1993
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Maternal behavior; Calves
258 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 N76 nr.240
Melkingsavdeling, melkerom og birom i sma losdriftsfjos =
Milking compartment, dairy and service rooms in small loose
housing barns for dairy cows.. Milking compartment, dairy and
science rooms in small loose housing barns for dairy cows
As : Norges landbrukshogskole, Institutt for bygningsteknikk,;
1987. 33 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. (IBT-rapport ; nr.240). Summary
and captions in English. Includes bibliographical references
(p. 33).
Language: Norwegian
259 NAL Call. No.: SF208.M53
Milchkuhe Haltungssysteme, Herdenfuhrung, Futterung,
Futtergewinnung, Gesundheit, Stallgebaude [Dairy cows.
rearing systems, herd management, feeding, feed production,
health, housing].
rearing systems, herd management, feeding, feed production,
health, housing Wolke, H.; Hoges, J.; Coenen, J.
Gruppe Tierische Veredlungswirtschaft
Bonn : Landwirtschaftskammer Rheinland, [1985?]; 1985.
95 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. (Beitrage zur tierischen
Veredelungswirtschaft). Cover title. Mai 1985.
Language: German
Descriptors: Dairy cattle
260 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32
Milk cows faster: low-cost swing parlors help family dairies
compete--without rBGH.
Cramer, C.
Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1994 Sep.
The New farm v. 16 (6): p. 36-39, 41-42; 1994 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy farming; Milking parlors; Family farms
261 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
Milk production with voltage exposure during entire lactation.
Aneshansley, D.J.; Price, L.R.; Gorewit, R.C.; Czarniecki,
C.S. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1990.
Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (90-3502):
16 p.; 1990. Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter
Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural
Engineers," December 18-21, Chicago, Illinois. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian; Lactation; Milk
production; Milking parlors; Stray voltage
262 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
Milking procedures and their effect on milk quality.
Armstrong, D.V.
Washington, D.C. : The Council; 1985.
Annual meeting - National Mastitis Council, Inc (24th): p.
49-51; 1985. Includes 3 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Milking; Milking parlors; Teat dip;
Milk quality
263 NAL Call. No.: SF196.U5A8
Milking routine and performance of large herringbone milking
parlor. Armstrong, D.V.
Tucson, Ariz. : The Service; 1988 Jan.
Arizona dairy newsletter - University of Arizona, Cooperative
Extension Service. p. 2-5; 1988 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Milking parlors; Milking rate; Milk
production
264 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82
A model of evaporative cooling in a wetted hide.
Kimmel, E.; Arkin, H.; Broday, D.; Berman, A.
London : Academic Press; 1991 Jul.
Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 49 (3): p.
227-241; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hides and skins; Wetting; Evaporative cooling;
Models; Equations; Heat transfer
Abstract: A theoretical model is presented for the
simultaneous transfer of heat and mass in a wet fur that
occurs when an animal is cooled by blowing air over its wetted
coat. This method for reducing severe heat stress in cows is
referred to as forced evaporative cooling. Previously
published models for latent heat loss from the body surface of
mammals assume that the skin surface is the only site where
evaporation occurs, while the rest of the coat remains dry.
This assumption is only appropriate for a model to describe
sweating, but is not suited to cope with the prevailing
conditions during forced evaporative cooling. By allowing for
evaporation throughout the entire depth of the coat, the
present model enables the evaluation of integrated parameters
that characterize the cooling capacity of a wet hide, such as
"evaporative effectiveness" or "effective wettedness". The
application of these parameters is demonstrated with
experimental data obtained using an excised fur of a dairy
cow. Simulation runs showed that these parameters depend on
ambient thermal parameters (temperature, humidity and air
velocity) and on intrinsic local properties such as water
content and distribution within the hide. The results of this
study contribute to the development of a rational design of a
forced evaporative cooling strategy.
265 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3
A model to estimate the performance, revenues and costs of
dairy cows under different production and price situations.
Arendonk, J.A.M. van
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1985.
Agricultural systems v. 16 (3): p. 157-189. ill; 1985.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Netherlands; Dairy cows; Costs; Returns;
Production structure; Milk production; Carcass yield;
Simulation models
266 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
Modulation of function of bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes
and lymphocytes by high temperature in vitro and in vivo.
Elvinger, F.; Hansen, P.J.; Natzke, R.P.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association;
1991 Oct. American journal of veterinary research v. 52 (10):
p. 1692-1698; 1991 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Leukocytes; Lymphocyte
transformation; Hyperthermia; Neutrophils; Lymphocytes; Blood;
Milk; Teats; Immune response
Abstract: Function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and
proliferation of lymphocytes after stimulation with mitogens
were evaluated in vitro at incubation temperatures of 38.5 and
42 C, and after in vivo heat stress of lactating Holstein
cows. Cytochrome-c reduction and random migration of PMNL were
reduced when cells were preincubated or incubated at 42 C, but
high incubation temperature had little or no effect on
phagocytosis and killing of Escherichia coli, Proliferation of
lymphocytes was reduced when cells were incubated for 60 hours
at 42 C after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed
mitogen, or concanavalin A. After stimulation with
phytohemagglutinin, lymphocytes were most sensitive to high
temperature during the first 24 hours of the 60-hour culture
period. High incubation temperature had little effect on
viability of cells. In vivo heat stress had no significant
effect on responses of PMNL in vitro, but the decrease in
proliferation of lymphocytes in vitro at high temperature was
less when cells were obtained from heat-stressed cows. Total
leukocyte counts in blood and somatic cell counts in milk were
higher in heat-stressed cows. Results indicate that: exposure
to high temperature in vitro can depress responses of PMNL and
lymphocytes; apparent adaptive mechanisms induced by in vivo
heat stress provide protection from effects of high
temperature seen in vitro; and evidence could not be found to
support the hypothesis that reduction in immune function is
the basis for increases in the incidence of mastitis during
the summer.
267 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activities, milk somatic cell
counts, and blood leukocyte and erythrocyte counts in cows
after heat-induced stress or after intravenous administration
of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Berning, L.M.; Paape, M.J.;
Miller, R.H.; LeDane, R.A.
Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association;
1987 Jul. American journal of veterinary research v. 48 (7):
p. 1157-1161; 1987 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Adrenal cortex hormones;
Enzymes; Milk; Blood plasma; Leukocyte count; Erythrocyte
count; Milk production
268 NAL Call. No.: SF208.C53 1987
Nai niu ssu yang shih yung chi shu [Practical knowledge of
raising and feeding dairy cattle].. Nai niu si yang shi yong
ji shu, Ti 1 pan.. Chang, Ta-li
Ha-erh-pin : Hei-lung-chiang jen min ch'u pan she,; 1987. 3,
63 p. ; 19 cm. (Ssu yang chi shu ts'ung shu). Colophon title
also in Pinyin: Nai niu si yang shi yong ji shu.
Language: Chinese
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Breeding; Dairy cattle; Housing;
Dairy cattle; Feeding and feeds
269 NAL Call. No.: SF208.W8 1988
Nai niu ti ssu yang [Raising and feeding dairy cattle]., Ti 1
pan.. Wu, Tao-chung
Ch'ang-ch'un-shih? : Chi-lin k'o hsueh chi shu ch'u pan she :
Fa hsing Chi-lin sheng hsin hua hsu tien,; 1988.
2, 199 p. : ill. ; 19 cm. (Nung yeh shih yung chi shu ts'ung
shu).
Language: Chinese
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Dairy cattle; Breeding; Dairy
cattle; Feeding and feeds; Dairy cattle; Housing
270 NAL Call. No.: SF961.A5
New systems of ventilation and environmental control in dairy
barns. Kains, F.A.
Stillwater, Okla. : The Association; 1985, reprinted 1986.
Proceedings ... annual convention - American Association of
Bovine Practitioners 1986). (18th): p. 60-66. ill; 1985,
reprinted 1986. Includes 9 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Dairy herds; Cow housing; Ventilation;
Barns; Environmental control
271 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
New technologies and decision making in high producing herds.
Spahr, S.L.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (10): p. 3269-3277; 1993
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy herds; Dairy farming; Decision making;
Dairy technology; Farm management; Machine milking; Milking
parlors; Data collection; Milk recording; Estrus
Abstract: New technologies have evolved for improved
management of on-farm records and their use in decision
making. Computerized on-farm record systems, coupled with
automated monitoring of individual animal performance and
electronic transfer of data between the on-farm database and
mainframe systems, have enhanced the capability for herd
management. Electronic aids for decision making may be
embedded into on-farm management programs to allow more
detailed data to be available with ease and convenience.
Technological advances and their application toward improved
operational decisions concerning production monitoring,
reproductive management, genetic improvement, feeding, and
health in a 300-cow dairy herd are presented as examples.
Substantial advances have been made in technologies that
improve management and decision making. Evolving technologies
promise to enhance further the capabilities for improved
management and decision making in high producing herds.
272 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N5F7
The nitrate problem in dairy cattle.
Wright, F.A.; Oleskie, E.T.
New Brunswick, N.J. : The Service; 1985.
FS - Cooperative Extension Service, Cook College (118): 2 p.;
1985.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Jersey; Dairy cattle; Nitrates; Ingestion
toxicity; Silos; Ventilation
273 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
A note on resting behaviour of cows before and after calving
in two different housing systems.
Dechamps, P.; Nicks, B.; Canart, B.; Gielen, M.; Istasse, L.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1989 May.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 23 (1/2): p. 99-105. ill;
1989 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Rest; Animal behavior; Prepartum
period; Postpartum interval; Cow housing; Lactation stage;
Pregnancy
274 NAL Call. No.: S13.V43 no.90/22
Nove poznatky a racionalizacni trendy reseni progresivnich
staji pro dojnice studie VTR = Novye dannye i
ratsionalizatorskie trendy v razrabotke peredovykh korovnikov
: obzor = New data and rationalization trends of the design of
progressive animal houses for dairy cows : review.. Novye
dannye i ratsionalizatorskie trendy v razrabotke peredovykh
korovnikov New data and rationalization trends of the design
of progressive animal houses for dairy cows
Wierderman, Gustav
Praha : Ustav vedeckotechnickych informaci pro zemedelstvi,;
1990. 99 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. (Vedeckotechnicky rozvoj v
zemedelstvi ; 90/22.). Summary in English and Russian.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-98).
Language: Czech
275 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
Nycterohemeral patterns of acid-base status, mineral
concentrations and digestive function of lactating cows in
natural or chamber heat stress environments.
Schneider, P.L.; Beede, D.K.; Wilcox, C.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1988
Jan. Journal of animal science v. 66 (1): p. 112-125; 1988
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Acid base equilibrium; Heat stress;
Hyperthermia; Rumen digestion; Mineral content; Respiration
rate; Body temperature; Gases
276 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
Occurrence of neutral-to-earth (N-E) voltage in the cow
contact area and its relationship to milk production on
randomly selected Wisconsin dairy farms: field survey.
Hendrikson, S.R.; Harvey, T.J.; Bringe, A.N.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1990.
Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (90-3507):
18 p.; 1990. Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter
Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural
Engineers," December 18-21, Chicago, Illinois. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Dairy cows; Milk production; Mastitis;
Stray voltage; Cow housing
277 NAL Call. No.: HD1773.A3N6
Optimal dairy policy with bovine somatotropin.
Tauer, L.W.; Kaiser, H.M.
East Lansing, Mich. : Michigan State University; 1991 Jan.
Review of agricultural economics v. 13 (1): p. 1-17; 1991 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Dairy industry;
Agricultural policy; Production controls; Milk production;
Milk prices; Price support; Government; Removal; Surpluses;
Economic impact; Profitability; Innovation adoption; Social
welfare; Optimization; Dynamic models
Abstract: A control model of the U.S. dairy sector was
constructed to determine optimal policy when bovine
somatotropin is released. Social welfare, defined as consumer
plus producer surplus minus adjustment and net government
costs, was maximized. Control variables were the milk support
price and government purchases of cows. Compared to previous
simulation research where government policy and adoption are
modeled exogenously, the results show that decreases in milk
prices and farm profits are not as severe.
278 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Oxidative stress, antioxidants, and animal function.
Miller, J.K.; Brzezinska-Slebodzinska, E.; Madsen, F.C.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Sep. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (9): p. 2812-2823; 1993
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Free radicals; Oxygen; Steroid
hormones; Steroidogenesis; Antioxidants; Parturition; Blood
plasma; Placental retention; Feed supplements; Mammary edema;
Selenium; Stress; Biochemical pathways; Literature reviews
Abstract: Reactive oxygen metabolites generated during normal
metabolism and metabolism stimulated by xenobiotics can enter
into reactions that, when uncontrolled, can impair performance
of dairy cows. Direct effects include peroxidative changes in
membranes and other cellular components. Indirectly,
competitive consumption of reducing equivalents can interfere
with important metabolic functions and divert glucose from
other pathways by inducing the monophosphate shunt. Normally,
the body is protected by a wide range of antioxidant systems
working in concert. Metal catalysts of oxidative reactions are
removed in extracellular fluids by metal-binding
macromolecules. Superoxide dismutases, glutathione peroxidase,
and catalase within cells remove superoxide and peroxides
before they react with metal catalysts to form more reactive
species. Finally, peroxidative chain reactions initiated by
reactive species that escaped enzymatic degradation are
terminated by chain-breaking antioxidants, including water-
soluble ascorbate, glutathione, and urate and lipid-soluble
vitamin E, ubiquinone, and beta-carotene. To optimize
performance, oxidative stress in high producing cows must be
controlled by supplying all known antioxidant nutrients and by
minimizing effects of substances that stimulate reactive
oxygen metabolites.
279 NAL Call. No.: 6 AR44
Parallel parlors--a return to between-the-legs cow milking.
Armstrong, D.V.
Spokane, Wash. : The Journal; 1989 Feb.
Arizona farmer-stockman v. 68 (2): p. 6-7. ill; 1989 Feb.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairying; Milking parlors; Dairy performance;
Safety
280 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
PARSIM: a stochastic simulation model for determining cow
throughput and labor utilization in dairy parlors.
Burks, T.F.; Turner, L.W.; Crist, W.L.; Taraba, J.L.; Gates,
R.S. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989.
Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-7036):
21 p.; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International Summer
Meeting, June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, PQ, Canada. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Milking parlors; Stochastic models; Computer
simulation; Dairy cows
281 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Physiological, productive, and economic benefits of shade,
spray, and fan system versus shade for Holstein cows during
summer heat. Igono, M.O.; Johnson, H.D.; Steevens, B.J.;
Krause, G.F.; Shanklin, M.D. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy
Science Association; 1987 May. Journal of dairy science v. 70
(5): p. 1069-1079; 1987 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Missouri; Dairy cows; Holstein-friesian; Heat
stress; Shade; Spraying; Fans; Milk yield; Body temperature;
Milk; Temperatures; Somatotropin; Plasma; Economic analysis
282 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Physiology of mastitis and factors affecting somatic cell
counts. Harmon, R.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1994
Jul. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (7): p. 2103-2112; 1994
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Bovine mastitis; Somatic cell count;
Pathogens; Inflammation; Milk composition; Plasmin; Enzyme
activity; Potassium; Calcium; Age differences; Lactation
stage; Literature reviews
Abstract: Inflammation of the mammary gland that results from
the introduction and multiplication of pathogenic
microorganisms in the mammary gland is a complex series of
events leading to reduced synthetic activity, compositional
changes, and elevated SCC. The magnitude and temporal
relationships of these responses vary with nutritional status,
other animal factors, and the pathogen involved. Because the
elevation of SCC is a response to an insult to the mammary
gland and is modulated by inflammatory mediators, the major
factor influencing SCC is infection status. The effects of
stage of lactation, age, season, and various stresses on SCC
are minor if the gland is uninfected. Except for normal
diurnal variation, few factors other than infection status
have a significant impact on milk SCC.
283 NAL Call. No.: 100 UT1F
Plastic domes too hot for calves.
Logan, Utah : The Station; 1990.
Utah Science - Utah Agricultural Experiment Station v. 51 (4):
p. 178; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Housing
284 NAL Call. No.: SF239.I45 1985
Polygon milking parlors., [Rev.].
Bickert, W.G.; Armstrong, D.V.
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1985.
Illinois-Iowa dairy handbook / University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign [and] Iowa State University at Ames,
Cooperative Extension Service. 5 p. ill; 1985. Illinois-Iowa
Dairy Guide (402), September, 1980.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Mechanization; Dairy cows; Milking
parlors; Design; Pens; Milking; Operating costs; Investment
285 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66
Prediction of dairy heifer numbers for the design of housing
facilities. Segerlind, L.J.
St. Joseph, MI : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,
1985-; 1994 May. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 10 (3):
p. 413-415; 1994 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Calf housing; Design; Heifers; Replacement;
Prediction; Stochastic models
Abstract: A stochastic model was used to predict replacement
heifer numbers. The estimates were generated using a random
number technique to simulate the birth process. Tables,
equations, and approximate percentages that estimate the
number of heifers in four age groups are presented. The
estimates can be used to determine the number of individual
stalls or the pen size needed for different stages of heifer
growth in a herd with uniform calving. The design values
presented would be exceeded 10% or less of the time in a five-
year period.
286 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Prediction of individual cow milking time for milking parlor
simulation models.
Thomas, C.V.; DeLorenzo, M.A.; Bray, D.R.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Aug. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (8): p. 2184-2194; 1993
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Milking parlors; Milking; Time;
Simulation models; Prediction; Pulsation; Ratios; Milk yield;
Vacuum; Equations
Abstract: A prediction method for individual cow milking time
for use in milking parlor simulation models was formulated as
a function of pulsation ratio, vacuum, and milk yield per cow
per milking. Milking time was divided into two components: lag
time, consisting of time from milking unit attachment to
initiation of milk flow, and milk flow time, consisting of
time from initiation of milk flow to end of measurable milk
flow. Least squares ANOVA indicated that linear effects of
pulsation ratio, vacuum, and milk yield and quadratic and
cubic effects of milk yield affected milk flow time and lag
time. Quadratic effects of pulsation ratio and vacuum and the
interaction between pulsation ratio and vacuum only affected
milk flow time. Small but significant effects on milk yield
per milking were due to pulsation ratio (linear), vacuum
(linear and quadratic), and pulsation ratio X vacuum
interaction. Based on the analysis, a prediction equation for
milking time was formulated, tested, and found to be
unsuitable for generation of simulated milking times. Fitting
shifted gamma probability distributions to the milk flow time
data at various pulsation ratios, vacuums, and milk yields per
milking was suitable for generation of simulated milking
times.
287 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Preference of dairy cattle for stall options in free stall
housing. Gebremedhin, K.G.; Cramer, C.O.; Larsen, H.J.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1985 Sep.
Transactions of the ASAE - American Society of Agricultural
Engineers v. 28 (5): p. 1637-1640. ill; 1985 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Stalls; Cattle housing; Animal
behavior
288 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Pregnancy rates in dairy cows following the administration of
a GnRH analogue at the time of artificial insemination or at
mid-cycle post insemination. Ryan, D.P.; Kopel, E.; Boland,
M.P.; Godke, R.A.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Sep.
Theriogenology v. 36 (3): p. 367-377; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saudi arabia; Dairy cows; Estrous cycle; Gnrh;
Pregnancy rate; Analogs; Artificial insemination; Heat stress;
Ovulation rate
Abstract: Lactating Holstein dairy cows (n = 1,533) were
allocated to one of three treatment groups, with Group I
(n=514) receiving 10 microgram of a GnRH analogue (buserelin)
at artificial insemination (AI) and Group II (n=503) receiving
10 microgram of the same analogue at both the time of AI and
at 12 days post AI. Herdmates in Group M (n=516) were
inseminated on the same day and served as contemporary AI
controls. The trial was conducted on five large dairy farms
during the spring and summer months in Saudi Arabia. Pregnancy
rates were determined by palpation per rectum between 33 and
50 days following AI. The first service pregnancy rate for the
control cows (42.4%) was lower (P < 0.05) than that for cows
treated with the GnRH analogue at AI (48.8%) or for the
combined treatment at Al and at Day 12 post AI (51.5%). No
additive effect on the pregnancy rate was noted from the
combined analog treatment. The overall increase in pregnancy
rate from the analogue treatment at AI resulted from an 11%
increase in pregnancy rate in first parity cows over that of
contemporary controls (P < 0.05) and a 14.7% increase in
pregnancy for cows mated at 40 to 59 days post partum and
treated with the analogue at Al over that of the corresponding
controls (P < 0.05). The pregnancy rates from repeat AI
(interval less than or equal to 30 days) were similar across
treatments (45.7% for Group I, 42.9% for Group II and 47.8%
for Group III). In this study, the GnRH analogue may have
enhanced the ovulation rate and possibly luteal function in
cows with reduced hypothalamic GnRH release under
environmental stress.
289 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 SO85C
Preparing for hot weather.
Owens, M.
Brookings, S.D. : The Service; 1988 Jun.
South Dakota D.H.I.A. news - South Dakota State University,
Cooperative Extension Service. p. 1; 1988 Jun.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Dakota; Dairy cows; Heat stress; Water
intake; Shade
290 NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6
Preventing disease in neonatal calves. 3.
McGuirk, S.; DeGroff, T.; Gay, C.; Grover, W.; Mechor, G.;
Shearer, J.K. Santa Barbara, CA : Veterinary Practice Pub.
Co., [c1983-; 1994 Mar. Agri-Practice v. 15 (3): p. 10-13;
1994 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Calves; Newborn animals; Maternal immunity; Cow
colostrum; Igg; Blood serum; Blood plasma; Monoclonal
antibodies; Dairy cattle; Heat stress; Calf diarrhea rotavirus
291 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
Principles and guidelines for natural ventilation of warm
dairy housing. Choiniere, Y.; Munroe, J.A.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1990.
Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (90-4552):
19 p.; 1990. Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter
Meeting sponsored by The American Society of Agricultural
Engineers," December 18-21, 1990, Chicago, Illinois. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal housing; Natural ventilation; Dairy cattle
292 NAL Call. No.: SF233.D44M55
Principles of housing dairy cattle.
Baxter, S.H.
Edinburgh : University of Edinburgh, Centre for Tropical
Veterinary Medicine; 1985.
Milk production in developing countries : proceedings of the
conference held in Edinburgh from the 2nd to 6th April 1984 /
organised by the Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine ;
edited by A.J. Smi. p. 368-385. ill; 1985. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Cattle housing; Barns; Climate
control
293 NAL Call. No.: SF208.L36 1991
Proceedings 1991 Large Dairy Herd Conference, April 3, 4, 5,
1991.. 1991 Large Dairy Herd Conference, April 3, 4, 5, 1991
Cornell Cooperative Extension
Large Dairy Herd Conference 1991.
Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell Cooperative Extension : Dept. of Animal
Science, N.Y. State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences,
Cornell University,; 1991. 272 p. ; 28 cm. (Animal science
mimeograph series ; no. 147). Cover title. April, 1991.
Includes bibliographical references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Milking parlors
294 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V6456
Protocols for herd health and productivity control in dairy
herds: young dairy stock.
Hill, F.W.G.; Schukken, Y.H.
London : Wright; 1990.
The Veterinary annual (30): p. 23-33; 1990. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy herds; Health; Growth; Calves; Calf
production; Health care
295 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
Psychological interaction between the milker and the dairy
cows. Seabrook, M.F.
Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1994.
Annual meeting /. p. 163-174; 1994. Meeting held on January
31-February 2, 1994, Orlando, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Interactions; Man; Perception; Cattle
husbandry; Animal welfare
296 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Public mood and how we respond.
Curtis, S.E.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1987
Dec. Journal of dairy science v. 70 (12): p. 2708-2710; 1987
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Animal welfare; Conferences; Public
opinion; Education
297 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7A4
Putting calves in hutches can virtually eliminate lice.
Lang, S.
Middletown, N.Y. : Cornell Cooperative Ext.--Orange County
Agriculture Program, Education Center; 1992 Nov.
Agfocus : publication of Cornell Cooperative Extension--Orange
County. p. 5; 1992 Nov.
Language: English
Descriptors: Calves; Dairy cattle; Phthiraptera; Cow housing;
Integrated pest management
298 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 K13EX
Raising dairy heifers.
Morrill, J.L; Dunham, J.R.; Call, E.P.
Manhattan, Kan. : The Service; 1991 Jan.
C - Kansas State University, Cooperative Extension Service
(721): 15 p.; 1991 Jan.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Heifers; Dairy cows; Feed requirements;
Calves; Calf housing; Calf diseases
299 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 G29B
Raising dairy herd replacements.
Guthrie, L.D.; Ely, L.O.
Athens, Ga. : The Service; 1992 Aug.
Bulletin - Cooperative Extension Service, University of
Georgia, College of Agriculture v.): 47 p. ill; 1992 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Breeding; Feeding; Housing
300 NAL Call. No.: S544.N6
Raising dairy replacements.
Crowley, J.; Jorgensen, N.; Howard, T.; Hoffman, P.; Shaver,
R. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1991 Mar.
North Central regional extension publication, Cooperative
Extension Service (205): 61 p.; 1991 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heifers; Breeding programs; Dairy bulls; Dairy
cattle; Cattle husbandry; Calves; Calf feeding; Cow colostrum;
Nutrition programs; Growth rate; Replacement; Calf housing;
Calf diseases; Calf production
301 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Raising dairy replacements to meet the needs of the 21st
century. Heinrichs, A.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Oct. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (10): p. 3179-3187; 1993
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heifers; Liveweight gain; Milk yield;
Cattle feeding; Replacement; Calves; Cow housing; Mortality;
Milk production costs; Age at first calving; Literature
reviews
Abstract: Producing high quality replacement heifers at
minimum cost will be one of the many challenges facing the
dairy farm of the 21st century. Because replacement heifers
represent a large portion of the total cost of milk
production, dairy farmers will have to meet the replacement
needs of their lactating herds at minimum cost to maintain the
farm's profitability. To keep the US dairy industry
competitive into the 21st century, researchers, extension,
industry, and producers must examine the database of research
in order to determine how to apply the known information to
current production and research efforts. Important research is
needed to improve the dairy heifers of the future. This review
summarizes research of the past 12 yr related to dairy
replacements and incorporates those findings into possible
scenarios for future dairy calf and heifer management systems.
Additional research is needed to determine how dairy
replacement raising systems affect the lifetime productivity
and profitability of the dairy cow.
302 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 IN23
Raising dariy replacement heifers: from birth to breeding.
Knutson, R.J.; Allrich, R.D.; Cunningham, M.D.
West Lafayette, Ind. : The Service; 1988 Feb.
Animal Sciences AS - Cooperative Extension Service, Purdue
University (454): 7 p. ill; 1988 Feb. In subseries: Dairy.
Language: English
Descriptors: Heifers; Cattle husbandry; Dairy cows;
Replacement; Animal nutrition; Calving; Animal health; Cow
housing; Animal breeding
303 NAL Call. No.: SF600.C82
Reactions of dairy cattle and pigs to humans.
Seabrook, M.F.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1990.
Current topics in veterinary medicine and animal science v.
53: p. 110-120; 1990. In the series analytic: Social stress
in domestic animals / edited by R. Zayan and R. Dantzer.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Pigs; Man; Interactions; Stress
304 NAL Call. No.: SF196.U5A8
Recent research suggests new approaches to alleviate summer
heat-stress infertility in dairy cows.
Monty, D.E. Jr
Tucson, Ariz. : The Service; 1989 May.
Arizona dairy newsletter - University of Arizona, Cooperative
Extension Service. p. 1-4; 1989 May. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Lactating females; Heat stress;
Conception rate; Veterinary education
305 NAL Call. No.: 7 C16Pu no.1853/E
Recommended code of practice for the care and handling of
dairy cattle. Canadian Federation of Humane Societies, Canada,
Agriculture Canada Ottawa, Ont. : Available from
Communications Branch, Agriculture Canada,; 1990.
41 p. ; 23 cm. (Agriculture Canada publication ; 1853/E).
Produced by Research Program Service.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Dairy cattle
306 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66
Reducing heat stress in dairy cows through sprinkler and fan
cooling. Turner, L.W.; Chastain, J.P.; Hemken, R.W.; Gates,
R.S.; Crist, W.L. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of
Agricultural Engineers; 1992 Mar. Applied engineering in
agriculture v. 8 (2): p. 251-256; 1992 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Cooling systems;
Performance testing
Abstract: Heat stress in dairy cows can reduce both cow
comfort and milk production. Sprinkler and fan cooling offers
promise as means of reducing heat stress in cows. This article
describes a sprinkler and fan cooling system installed at a
feed bunk and evaluates system performance in a temperate,
humid climate. The results indicate the system increased cow
comfort and milk production during the test period.
307 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 N812
Reducing morbidity in dairy cattle.
Jones, G.
Santa Barbara, Calif. : American Veterinary Publications; 1985
Mar. Modern veterinary practice v. 66 (3): p. 206-207; 1985
Mar. Includes 3 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Cattle housing; Morbidity;
Ventilation
308 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Relationship between an increase in plasma cortisol during
transport-induced stress and failure of oestradiol to induce a
luteinising hormone surge in dairy cows.
Nanda, A.S.; Dobson, H.; Ward, W.R.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1990 Jul.
Research in veterinary science v. 49 (1): p. 25-28; 1990 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cortisol; Blood plasma; Stress;
Transport of animals; Estradiol; Lh; Postpartum interval;
Estrous cycle
309 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Relationship of linear type traits and herd life under
different management systems.
Burke, B.P.; Funk, D.A.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1993
Sep. Journal of dairy science v. 76 (9): p. 2773-2782; 1993
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Dairy herds; Type score;
Conformation; Productive life; Cow housing; Litter; Hooves;
Legs; Dairy traits; Regression analysis
Abstract: The relationship of conformation traits,
particularly locomotive traits, and herd life under different
management systems was investigated. Herd life to 84 mo was
regressed on measures of linear type and production for
139,998 cows in 6277 herds. Linear traits accounted for 14% of
explained variation for herd life after effects for herds and
production were considered. Udder traits explained more herd-
life variation than other conformation traits. Fore udder
attachment and udder depth explained the most variation when
production was included in analyses. Udder depth explained the
least amount of herd-life variation among six udder traits
when production was not included in the analyses. The
relationship between locomotive traits and herd life differed
by type of housing. Cows with intermediate curvature of the
rear legs had longer herd life in all housing types, but the
absolute difference between optimum and extreme was greater
for cows in confinement than for cows in loose housing.
Relationship between cows' genetic merit for curvature of the
rear legs and herd life, however, was near zero. Cows with
steeper foot angles had longer herd life in all housing types.
Regressions of herd life on nonlocomotive type traits for
different housing systems were always greater for cows in tie-
stall environments compared with cows in loose housing.
Personal preference for type traits by dairy producers within
housing systems may partly explain herd-life results.
310 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Relationships among udder and teat morphology and milking
characteristics. Rogers, G.W.; Spencer, S.B.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1991
Dec. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (12): p. 4189-4194; 1991
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Udders; Teats; Animal anatomy;
Teatcup liner; Milk yield; Milking rate; Milking
Abstract: Teat cup liner slips, manual milking machine
adjustments, milk yields, and milking times were recorded
during both morning and evening milkings for 9 d on 97
Holstein cows in The Pennsylvania State University dairy herd.
Fore and rear udder heights (distance from floor to udder),
udder levelness, distances between teats (before and after
milking), teat lengths, teat diameters, and teat end shapes
were measured on the same cows. Product-moment correlations
among the morphological characteristics, liner slips, manual
adjustments, milk yields, and milking times were determined.
Residual correlations from a model including lactation number
and DIM (linear and quadratic) were also calculated. The
variation among cows in machine liner slips and manual
adjustments within and across lactation number and DIM can be
partially explained by udder and teat morphology. Wider teats
were associated with increased liner slips and increased
manual adjustments. More tilted udders (rear quarters lower
than front quarters) were associated with increased liner
slips and tended to be associated with increased manual
adjustments. In addition, larger teat diameters and longer
teats tended to be associated with increased liner slips.
311 NAL Call. No.: 100 AL1H
Response of dairy cows to elevated environmental temperatures.
Cummins, K.A.
Auburn, Ala. : The Station; 1987.
Highlights of agricultural research - Alabama Agricultural
Experiment Station v. 34 (3): p. 11. ill; 1987.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Environmental temperature; Heat
stress; Summer; Shade; Ventilation; Holstein-friesian; Jersey;
Breed differences
312 NAL Call. No.: 49 W89
Resting behaviour of Friesian bulls 5 and 12 months old in a
tie stall barn. Nicks, B.; Dechamps, P.; Canart, B.; Istasse,
L.
Rome : International Publishing Enterprises; 1991 Jan.
World review of animal production v. 26 (1): p. 51-54; 1991
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy bulls; Barns; Animal behavior; Age
differences
313 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163
Resumption of ovarian activity and estrus postpartum in dairy
cows maintained indoors year-round.
Hackett, A.J.; Lin, C.Y.; McAllister, A.J.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1985 Jun.
Canadian journal of animal science v. 65 (2): p. 391-398. ill;
1985 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cow housing; Ovaries (animal);
Estrus; Postpartum interval
314 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Reverse pressure gradients across the teat canal related to
machine milking. Rasmussen, M.D.; Frimer, E.S.; Decker, E.L.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1994
Apr. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (4): p. 984-993; 1994 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Teats; Machine milking; Vacuum;
Pressure regulators; Automatic control; Computer techniques;
Pressure; Teatcup liner
Abstract: Miniature pressure transducers were inserted
through the udder cistern wall of 10 cows and placed into the
teat cistern and, in addition, beneath the teat end. Data were
sampled every millisecond and collected during 59 sequences of
manual teat handling pre- and postmilking, 575 attachments,
384 sequences of 30-s milking, and 623 sequences of
detachment. Attachment and detachment were mainly done during
overmilking in short sequences lasting 8 to 20 s. Reverse
pressure gradients across the teat canal occurred during
manual teat handling (54%), attachment of the milking unit
(29%), milking (1%), and detachment (26%). Overall risk
included empty teats. Risk factors at pre- and postmilking
teat handling were the compression of teats and the following
movement back to normal shape. When the diameter of the
mouthpiece orifice of the liner was larger than the teat
diameter, the frequency of reverse pressure gradients at
attachment was halved compared with attachment of more narrow
liners. The method of attaching the milking unit on empty
teats without the risk of creating reverse pressure gradients
was not identified. Reverse pressure gradients in empty teats
may be avoided during detachment of liners if the mouthpiece
orifice diameter is greater than the teat diameter. Detachment
with the liner in open position reduced the risk of reverse
pressure gradients compared with that from the closed
position.
315 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
A review and an update of cystic ovarian degeneration in
ruminants. Lopez-Diaz, M.C.; Bosu, W.T.K.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Jun.
Theriogenology v. 37 (6): p. 1163-1183; 1992 Jun. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Ewes; Ovarian cysts; Pituitary;
Hypothalamic regulation; Hormone secretion; Ovaries;
Follicles; Gnrh; Lh; Stress; Literature reviews
316 NAL Call. No.: KF27.A366 1986a
Review of status and potential impact of bovine growth hormone
hearing before the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and
Poultry of the Committee on Agriculture, House of
Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, June
11, 1986.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture.
Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry
Washington, [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of
Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1987.
iv, 302 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository
libraries in microfiche. Serial no. 99-51. Includes
bibliographies.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Hormones in animal nutrition; Dairy cattle;
United States; Milk production; United States
317 NAL Call. No.: SF239.I45 1985
Rotary milking parlors., [Rev.].
Bickert, W.G.; Armstrong, D.V.
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1985.
Illinois-Iowa dairy handbook / University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign [and] Iowa State University at Ames,
Cooperative Extension Service. 4 p. ill; 1985. Illinois-Iowa
Dairy Guide (403), September, 1980.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Dairy cows; Milking parlors; Design;
Types; Mechanization; Milking; Operating costs; Investment
318 NAL Call. No.: 19.5 P752
Rozbor microklimatickych faktorov vo velkokapacitnom ustajneni
dojnic v podhorskej oblasti v zimnom a letnom obdobi
[Analysis of microclimatic factors in large-capacity housing
of milk cows in a submotane area at winter and summer
seasons].
Vavak, V.; Kotvas, R.
Bratislava, Czechoslovakia : Slovenskej akademia vied; 1985.
Pol'nohospodarstvo; Agriculture v. 31 (5): p. 438-447; 1985.
Includes 15 references.
Language: Slovak
Descriptors: Microclimate; Large scale husbandry; Dairy cows;
Winter; Summer; Cattle housing
319 NAL Call. No.: SF967.M3N32
Sand bedding in the stall operations.
Niles, D.E.
Arlington, Va. : The Council; 1994.
Annual meeting /. p. 300-302; 1994. Meeting held on January
31-February 2, 1994, Orlando, Florida.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy herds; Dairy cows; Litter; Sand; Stalls
320 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Season and lactation number effects on milk production and
reproduction of dairy cattle in Arizona.
Ray, D.E.; Halbach, T.J.; Armstrong, D.V.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1992
Nov. Journal of dairy science v. 75 (11): p. 2976-2983; 1992
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Dairy cows; Lactation number; Seasons;
Heat stress; Environmental temperature; Relative humidity;
Milk production; Calving interval; Pregnancy rate
Abstract: Records representing 19,266 Holstein cows from
Arizona DHIA data over a 5-yr period were analyzed to
determine the effects of season and lactation number on milk
production and reproduction. Seasons were winter (December,
January, and February), spring (March April and May), summer
(June, July, and August), and fall (September, October, and
November). Traits analyzed by least squares ANOVA were 305-d
FCM, complete lactation milk calving interval, and services
per conception. All sources of variation were significant
except the interaction between lactation number and season of
calving for complete lactation milk. Milk production was
depressed for cows calving in summer and fall. First lactation
cows had lowest milk production, and highest production
occurred in either lactation 4 or 5. Cows calving in spring
and summer had reduced reproductive performance, as measured
by calving interval and services per conception. First
lactation cows had lowest values for both reproductive traits.
Previous days dry was negatively related to milk production
for spring calving but was positively related for all other
seasons. Cows with higher milk production had reduced
reproductive performance. Partial regression coefficients for
calving interval and services per conception were 12 d and .25
services per conception per 1000 kg of 305-d FCM,
respectively. Despite the negative effects of stress, milk
production add fertility in this study were not depressed as
severely as in previous research reported from Arizona.
Calving schedules may be adjusted to minimize the adverse
effect of heat stress.
321 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
Secretion of PGF2 alpha and oxytocin during hyperthermia in
cyclic and pregnant heifers.
Wolfensen, D.; Bartol, F.F.; Badinga, L.; Barros, C.M.;
Marple, D.N.; Cummins, K.; Wolfe, D.; Lucy, M.C.; Spencer,
T.E.; Thatcher, W.W.
Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1993 May.
Theriogenology v. 39 (5): p. 1129-1141; 1993 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Hormone secretion; Heat stress
Abstract: The effects of acute heat stress (HS) and oxytocin
(OT) injection on plasma concentrations of PGF2 alpha and OT
were examined in cyclic (C; n = 15) and pregnant (P; n = 11)
dairy heifers. On Day 17 of synchronized estrous cycles,
animals were randomly assigned to either thermoneutral (TN; 20
degrees C, 20% RH) or HS (42 degrees C, 60% RH) chambers. The
jugular vein of each heifer was cannulated and blood samples
collected hourly for 4 h, then every 15 min for an additional
3 h. Oxytocin (100 IU) was injected (IV) 5 h after the start
of blood collection. Plasma samples were assayed subsequently
for concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2 alpha (PGFM)
and OT. During the 7-h experiment, body temperature of HS
heifers reached 41.2 degrees C as compared to 38.5 degrees C
in control heifers. Plasma concentrations of PGFM increased (P
< 0.05) and peaked 30 min after OT injection in C (890 pg/ml)
and P (540 pg/ml) heifers. In C heifers, heat stress failed to
alter PGFM concentrations either before or after OT injection.
In the P group, PGFM concentrations following OT injection
tended to be higher in HS heifers than in TN heifers (peak
values of 690 vs. 410 pg/ml). Pregnant TN and HS heifers were
further classified as responders or non-responders to OT
challenge according to a cutoff value for PGFM of 193 pg/ml
(overall mean of C heifers minus 1 SD). Five of six HS and one
of five TN pregnant heifers were classified as responders (P <
0.06). Oxytocin concentrations in plasma prior to injection of
exogenous OT were not affected by HS or pregnancy status. It
is concluded that in C heifers, acute HS in vivo does not
cause any further rise in PGF2 alpha secretion. However, in P
heifers, HS appears to antagonize suppressive effects of the
embryo on uterine secretion of PGF2 alpha, as indicated by the
larger proportion of P heifers responding to OT challenge.
322 NAL Call. No.: aS21.A8U5/ARS
Shelters and environmental modification.
Hahn, G.L.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1986.
Reprints - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
Research Service [470]: 13 p.; 1986. Indexed from reprint:
Limiting the Effects of Stress on Cattle / edited by G.P.
Moberg, 1986. (W-135 Western Regional Research Pub. No. 9). p.
47-59. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Livestock; Performance; Environmental factors;
Stress; Shelters; Environmental temperature; Dairy cows; Dairy
performance
323 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Simulating cow throughput and labor efficiency in dairy
parlors. Burks, T.F.; Turner, L.W.; Crist, W.L.; Taraba, J.L.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1987.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 87-4503): 7 p.; 1987. Paper presented
at the 1987 Winter Meeting of the American Society of
Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Simulation models; Educational methods; Milking
parlors; Labor; Efficiency; Milking interval; Milk production
324 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Simulating individual cow milk yield for milking parlor
simulation models. Thomas, C.V.; DeLorenzo, M.A.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1994
May. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (5): p. 1285-1295; 1994
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Cabt; Dairy cows; Milking parlors;
Simulation models; Computer simulation; Milk yield;
Mathematical models
Abstract: A method of simulating individual cow milk yield
per milking as a function of herd milk yield and month was
formulated for milking parlor simulation models. Milk yield
per milking was modeled for each month in three herd milk
yield categories: 8165, 8845, and 9525 kg/yr of milk per cow.
Actual individual cow DHIA test day milk weight data for three
Florida dairy herds in each herd milk yield category and month
were adjusted to the mean of their respective actual milk
shipped per cow on test day then pooled and converted to a
basis of three times per day milk yield per milking. After
minor truncation, Weibull probability distributions fitted to
these data sets adequately modeled milk yield per milking per
cow. Analysis of simulation results for milk yield per milking
per cow indicated no significant differences between actual
and simulated means for any herd milk yield category or month.
Simulations of monthly and yearly total herd milk yield for
each herd indicated that fitted Weibull distributions also
adequately modeled monthly and yearly herd milk yield
characteristics and reflected seasonal herd milk yield
patterns typical of Florida.
325 NAL Call. No.: TH4911.A1U6 no.156
Slapp korna loss for battre miljo och hygien = Loose housing
for dairy cows : for better environment and hygiene.. Loose
housing for dairy cows Ekelund, Karl
Lund : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen for
lantbrukets byggnadsteknik, Avdelningen for jordbrukets
byggnads- och klimatteknik,; 1988. 1 v. (various pagings) :
ill. ; 30 cm. (Specialmeddelande / Sveriges
lantbruksuniversitet. Institutionen for lantbrukets
byggnadsteknik, 156). Summary in English. Bibliography: p.
28-29.
Language: Swedish
326 NAL Call. No.: SF55.A78A7
Small scale dairying in three farming systems in East Java. I.
Farmer's income and household characteristics.
Widodo, M.W.; Jong, R. de; Udo, H.M.J.
Suweon, Korea : Asian-Australasian Association of Animal
Production Societies, c1988-; 1994 Mar.
Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences v. 7 (1): p.
19-29; 1994 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Java; Cabt; Dairy farming; Zero grazing; Farmers'
income; Farming systems; Cassava; Sugarcane; Agricultural
byproducts; Farm area; Milk yield; Dairy cows; Horticultural
crops
327 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
Social dominance in dairy cattle and the influences of housing
and management. Wierenga, H.K.
Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Sep.
Applied animal behaviour science v. 27 (3): p. 201-229; 1990
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Social dominance; Cubicles; Cattle
husbandry; Aggressive behavior
328 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55
Some effects of housing on the social behavior of dairy cows.
Miller, K.; Wood-Gash, D.G.M.
East Lothian, Scotland : Durrant; 1991 Dec.
Animal production v. 53 (pt.3): p. 271-278; 1991 Dec.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cow housing; Social dominance;
Agonistic behavior; Grazing behavior; Animal welfare; Time
allocation; Rest
329 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55
Some factors related to the voluntary intake of silage by
individual dairy cows housed as a group during two winter-
feeding periods. Little, W.; Manston, R.; Wilkinson, J.I.D.;
Tarrant, M.E. East Lothian, Scotland : Durrant; 1991 Aug.
Animal production v. 53 (pt.1): p. 19-25; 1991 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Somatotropin; Feed intake; Grass
silage; Concentrates; Fiber content; Starch; Protected
protein; Milk yield; Energy requirements
330 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3
Speculating on long-term changes in UK dairy farming and the
implications for research: a quantitative approach.
Doyle, C.J.; Mainland, D.D.; Thomas, C.
Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1991.
Agricultural systems v. 37 (3): p. 243-258; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Uk; Dairy farming; Milk production; Mathematical
models; Prediction; Technical progress; Resource utilization;
Agricultural structure; Farm income; Innovation adoption;
Somatotropin; Grass sward
331 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Sperm in poor quality semen from bulls during heat stress have
a lower affinity for binding hydrogen-3 heparin.
Ax, R.L.; Gilbert, G.R.; Shook, G.E.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1987
Jan. Journal of dairy science v. 70 (1): p. 195-200; 1987 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy bulls; Semen characters; Male fertility;
Heat stress; Hydrogen; Heparin
332 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Sprinkling and fan evaporative cooling for dairy cattle in
Florida. Strickland, J.T.; Bucklin, R.A.; Nordstedt, R.A.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 88-4042): 13 p. ill; 1988. Paper
presented at the 1988 Summer Meeting of the American Society
of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Cow housing; Evaporative cooling; Fans;
Cooling systems; Milk production; Economic analysis; Heat
stress
333 NAL Call. No.: SF206.R67 1991
Stalle per vacche da latte [Stables for dairy cows].
Rossi, Paolo,; Betti, Sandra,
Centro ricerche produzioni animali
Verona : Edizioni L'Informatore Agrario,; 1991.
ix, 91 p. : ill. ; 29 cm. "Autori, Paolo Rossi ... Sandra
Betti."--P. viii. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91).
Language: Italian
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Cattle
334 NAL Call. No.: S760.G3F67 Nr.182
Stallsysteme fur die Milchviehhaltung im Vergleich Methode und
Ergebnisse [Housing systems for the dairy cattle husbandry in
comparison]. Auernhammer, Hermann
Germany : Arbeitskreis Forschung und Lehre der Max-Eyth-
Gesellschaft (MEG),; 1990.
xvi, 185, [36] p. : ill. ; 21 cm. (Forschungsbericht
Agrartechnik des Arbeitskreises Forschung und Lehre der Max-
Eyth-Gesellschaft (MEG), 182). Includes bibliographical
references (p. 177-184).
Language: German
335 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Staphylococcus aureus colonization of teat skin as affected by
postmilking teat treatment when exposed to cold and windy
conditions. Fox, L.K.; Norell, R.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1994
Aug. Journal of dairy science v. 77 (8): p. 2281-2288; 1994
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Teats; Skin; Winter; Ointments;
Lesions; Staphylococcus aureus; Bacterial count; Healing
Abstract: Study 1 was conducted to determine whether
postmilking teat treatment with ointment before exposure to
cold and wind resulted in better skin health than standard
teat treatment. Teat treatments tested were 1% I(2) and 10%
glycerin, ointment with 1% chloroxylenol, ointment with .3% 8-
hydroxyquinoline sulfate, and no treatment (control).Teats
were treated 7 d prior to chapping. A broth culture of
Staphylococcus aureus was applied once to teats after chapping
was established. Treatments were applied after milking and
before sample collection for 11 d following S. aureus
application. Milk samples were collected aseptically, teat
skin swabbing solutions were collected, and teat condition was
scored. Cows were exposed to ambient winter conditions, and a
wind velocity of 152.4 m/min was applied to the mammary gland
surface for 15 min immediately postmilking. Ointment and
control teats had significantly better skin condition than
teats treated with I2 solution. Colonization of S. aureus was
greatest on ointment treated teats. Study 2 was conducted to
determine whether teat condition of cows receiving postmilking
I(2) solution treatments would be improved if teats were
blotted dry before exposure to wind and cold ambient
conditions. Two mammary quarters of each cow received I(2)
solution treatment of study 1, but teats were blotted dry
prior to exit from the milking parlor. No treatment was
applied to the other teats. Teat condition scores were similar
between treatments, but S. aureus colonization was
significantly greater on control teats. Results indicate a
possible disadvantage to treating teats with ointments after
milking, as evidenced by increased S. aureus colonization. The
best postmilking teat treatment prior to exposure to cold,
windy conditions may be blot-drying teats after disinfectant
solution application.
336 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Structural methods for cooling dairy cows in the southeast.
Barth, C.L.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1988.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 88-4054): 7 p.; 1988. Paper presented
at the 1988 Summer Meeting of the American Society of
Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Cow housing; Barns; Building
construction; Design; Heat stress; Stalls
337 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 N811NC
Summer infertility--it's that time again.
Washburn, S.P.
Raleigh, N.C. : North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service;
1987 May. North Carolina dairy extension newsletter. p. 3-4;
1987 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Dairy cattle; Heat; Stress;
Conception rate; Temperature; Drinking water
338 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Suppressing immature house and stable flies in outdoor calf
hutches with sand, gravel, and sawdust bedding.
Schmidtmann, E.T.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1991
Nov. Journal of dairy science v. 74 (11): p. 3956-3960; 1991
Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Musca domestica; Stomoxys calcitrans; Calves;
Litter; Larvae; Sawdust; Gravel; Sand; Straw
Abstract: Sand, gravel, sawdust, and pine shavings were used
as bedding in outdoor calf hutches and compared with straw
relative to the density of immature (maggot) house flies,
Musca domestica, and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans. In 6-
wk field trials, average densities of house and stable fly
maggots in concrete mix sand ranged from only .3 to 1.6 and 0
to .1 maggots/L, respectively; pea size gravel bedding also
strongly suppressed densities from <.1 to .3 and <.1 to .1
maggots/L, respectively. These densities represent reductions
of 76 to >99% relative to straw bedding, but both sand and
gravel compacted and became soiled with calf feces, which
resulted in unacceptable bedding sanitation and foul odors.
Densities of house and stable fly maggots in pine shavings did
not differ from those in straw bedding. Nevertheless, in
sawdust bedding, maggot density was limited to averages of 1.4
to 8.3 house and 9.8 to 11.8 stable fly maggots/ L; this
represented reductions of 45 to 91% relative to straw. In a
follow-up trial, house and stable fly maggot densities in
sawdust averaged 11.3 and 43.9 maggots/L, respectively,
reductions of 77 and 46%. These findings suggest that bedding
calf hutches with sawdust during warm weather can be useful as
an ecologically sound approach to controlling muscoid fly
populations on dairy farms.
339 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Survey of calf and heifer housing of Pennsylvania dairy farms.
Heinrichs, A.J.; Graves, R.E.; Kiernan, N.E.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1987
Sep. Journal of dairy science v. 70 (9): p. 1952-1957; 1987
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Calves; Heifers; Calf housing; Cow
housing; Dairy farming; Surveys
340 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Survival of coliform bacteria in static compost piles of dairy
waste solids intended for freestall bedding.
Mote, C.R.; Emerton, B.L.; Allison, J.S.; Dowlen, H.H.;
Oliver, S.P. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association; 1988 Jun. Journal of dairy science v. 71 (6): p.
1676-1681; 1988 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Farm dairies; Cattle manure; Solid waste;
Composts; Coliform bacteria; Coliform count; Litter; Loose
housing
341 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Symposium: Dairy Animal Welfare. Introduction.
Blosser, T.H.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1987
Dec. Journal of dairy science v. 70 (12): p. 2705-2707; 1987
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Animal welfare; Conferences
342 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3
Tarsal lameness of dairy bulls housed at two artificial
insemination centers: 24 cases (1975-1987).
Bargai, U.; Cohen, R.
Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Oct01.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 201
(7): p. 1068-1069; 1992 Oct01. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Cabt; Dairy bulls; Tarsus; Lameness; Ai
bulls; Disease prevalence; Floors; Semen; Collection; Age
343 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Thermal, productive, and reproductive responses of high
yielding cows exposed to short-term cooling in summer.
Her, E.; Wolfenson, D.; Flamenbaum, I.; Folman, Y.; Kaim, M.;
Berman, A. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association; 1988 Apr. Journal of dairy science v. 71 (4): p.
1085-1092; 1988 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Summer; Milk production; Reproductive
performance; Body temperature; Cooling; Cow housing;
Ventilation; Heat stress
344 NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6
Thermoregulation and physiological responses of dairy cattle
in hot weather. Shearer, J.K.; Beede, D.K.
Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing
Company; 1990 Jul. Agri-Practice v. 11 (4): p. 5-8, 13, 16-17;
1990 Jul. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Heat stress; Body temperature
regulation; Physiological functions; Body heat loss;
Evaporative cooling
345 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Time and motion to measure milking parlor performance.
Armstrong, D.V.; Quick, A.J.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1986
Apr. Journal of dairy science v. 69 (4): p. 1169-1177; 1986
Apr. Includes 35 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Milking parlors; Dairy performance;
Milking machines; Milk production; Time and motion studies
346 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66
Transient hazardous conditions in animal buildings due to
manure gas released during slurry mixing.
Patni, N.K.; Clarke, S.P.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1991 Jul. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 7
(4): p. 478-484; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Animal housing; Slurries; Mixing; Health hazards;
Safety; Hydrogen sulfide; Ammonia; Carbon dioxide; Methane;
Measurement; Monitoring
Abstract: Concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia
(NH3), carbon dioxide CO2), and methane (CH4) were monitored
during mixing of slurry in subfloor manure storage pits in
dairy-cattle, swine, and caged-layer barns. Transient short-
term high concentrations of H2S indicated the potential for
hazardous conditions inside barns during slurry mixing.
Because of this, time-weighted average concentrations of H2S
are of little value in terms of gas hazard indication. The
degree of manure slurry turbulence and its splashing in pit
free space may be the dominant factor in the control of rapid
release of H2S and its high concentration compared to other
factors such as animal diet and species, ventilation
conditions, etc. For operator and animal safety, it is highly
desirable to use a submerged recirculation pipe for mixing
slurry in subfloor pits in animal buildings and to prevent
free-falling or splashing of manure, or blowing of air into
manure. Remote warning devices to indicate failure of pit
exhaust fans would also be very useful for taking rapid
remedial action against high H2S concentration inside the
barn, such as shutting off manure pump(s).
347 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
Transmission of neutral/earth current in dairy barns.
Ludington, D.C.; Pellerin, R.A.; Aneshansley, D.J.; Gorewit,
R.C. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1987.
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
collection) (fiche no. 87-3032): 20 p. ill; 1987. Paper
presented at the 1987 Summer Meeting of the American Society
of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cow housing; Electric current; Flow; Energy;
Losses
348 NAL Call. No.: SF196.R6T7
Tratat de crestere a bovinelor [Treatise on raising dairy
cows]. Georgescu, Gheorghe
Bucuresti : Editura Ceres,; 1989.
322 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. Added tables of contents in English,
German and Russian. Includes bibliographical references.
Language: Romanian
Descriptors: Dairy farming; Romania; Dairy cattle; Romania;
Dairy cattle; Housing; Romania
349 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Trends in herd age structure and the relationships with
management characteristics in Wisconsin Holstein herds.
Sattler, C.G.; Dentine, M.R.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1989
Apr. Journal of dairy science v. 72 (4): p. 1027-1034; 1989
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Dairy cows; Dairy herds; Age
structure; Culling; Cattle husbandry; Trends
350 NAL Call. No.: SF239.I45 1985
The trigon milking parlor., [Rev.].
Armstrong, D.V.
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1985.
Illinois-Iowa dairy handbook / University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign [and] Iowa State University at Ames,
Cooperative Extension Service. 5 p. ill; 1985. Illinois-Iowa
Dairy Guide (400), September, 1980.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Dairy cows; Milking; Milking parlors;
Stalls; Mechanization; Operating costs
351 NAL Call. No.: TK4018.R86
Understanding and dealing with stray voltage in livestock
facilities. Gustafson, R.J.
New York, N.Y. : Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers; 1985. Papers presented at the ... annual conference
- Rural Electric Power Conference (29th): p. C2/1-C2/19. ill;
1985. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Livestock housing; Electricity; Losses; Shock;
Dairy cows; Disorders; Prevention
352 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643
Update on dairy cow housing with particular reference to
flooring. Barnes, M.M.
London : Bailliere Tindall; 1989 Sep.
British veterinary journal v. 145 (5): p. 436-445. ill; 1989
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cattle housing; Floors; Concrete;
Design; Cattle manure; Animal feeding
353 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J822
Upper critical temperatures and forced ventilation effects for
high-yielding dairy cows in a subtropical climate.
Berman, A.; Folman, Y.; Kaim, M.; Mamen, M.; Herz, Z.;
Wolfenson, D.; Arieli, A.; Graber, Y.
Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association; 1985
Jun. Journal of dairy science v. 68 (6): p. 1488-1495; 1985
Jun. Includes 33 references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Israel; Subtropics; Dairy cows; Heat stress; Body
temperature; Artificial ventilation; Air temperature
354 NAL Call. No.: 80 Ac82
Use of herbal medicines in modern dairy farming--a breeding
efficiency programme.
Wheeler, G.E.; Wait, C.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1993 Nov. Acta horticulturae (333): p. 299-308; 1993 Nov.
Paper presented at the First World Congress on "Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants for Human Welfare (WOCMAP): Quality,
Phytochemistry, Industrial Aspects, Economical Aspects," July
19-25, 1992, Maastricht, Netherlands. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicinal plants; Dairy cows; Milk production;
Improvement; Plant products; Treatment; Reproductive
physiology; Reproductive disorders
355 NAL Call. No.: SF768.2.C3U83 1993
Utero-ovarian-conceptus response to heat stress in the dairy
cow and its involvement in low summer fertility.
Wolfenson, D.
United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and
Development Fund Bet Dagan, Israel : BARD,; 1993.
173 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. Final report. Project no.
IS-1475-88. Includes bibliographical references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Heat
356 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163
Validation of a heart-rate monitor for measuring a stress
response in dairy cows.
Hopster, H.; Blokhuis, H.J.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1994 Sep.
Canadian journal of animal science v. 74 (3): p. 465-474; 1994
Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Stress; Heart rate; Monitoring;
Validity
357 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R312
Variation in blood flow to and from the bovine mammary gland
measured using transit time ultrasound and dye dilution.
Metcalf, J.A.; Roberts, S.J.; Sutton, J.D.
London : British Veterinary Association; 1992 Jul.
Research in veterinary science v. 53 (1): p. 59-63; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Mammary glands; Blood flow;
Measurement; Ultrasound; Dilution; Posture
Abstract: Blood flow across the lactating bovine mammary
gland was measured by two techniques. The use of transit time
flow probes appeared to give flows which correlated well with
dye dilution in only one of five cows, although the relative
changes in flow were similar between the techniques in four of
the cows. Further studies were made on the effect of posture
on mammary blood flow using both techniques. The crossover of
venous blood from one side of the mammary gland was also
studied using the dye dilution technique, and revealed large
differences between animals and also with posture. These
observations suggest that particular care should be taken when
sampling blood from the milk vein of cows, if a representative
sample is required. Changes in blood flow with posture may be
indicative of a repartitioning of flow within the body, and
the physiology of such a mechanism would be of interest in
itself. The control of this mechanism may be useful in
modifying blood flow to the mammary gland and thus milk yield,
since blood flow is related to the level of milk production.
358 NAL Call. No.: 18 L2353 Suppl. 124
Verfahrens- und futterungstechnische Untersuchungen zur
Konzeption und Entwicklung eines computergestutzten
Herdenmanagementsystems fur Milchkuhe im Anbindestall und
dessen okonomische Bewertung [Process and feeding engineering
studies on the concept and development of a computer supported
herd management system for dairy cows in tether stalls and
their economic assessment].
Stumpenhausen, Jorn
Braunschweig : Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Landwirtschaft
Braunschweig-Volkenrode,; 1991.
x, 182, [2] p. : ill. ; 30 cm. (Landbauforschung Volkenrode.
Sonderheft, 124). English summary. Includes bibliographical
references (p. 161-182).
Language: German
359 NAL Call. No.: SF1.P7
Vliv technologie dojeni na stani na denni rezim a chovani
dojnic [Effect of milking techniques "in pen" on the daily
regimen and behavior of dairy cows]. Navratil, J.; Veris, J.;
Jisa, J.; Jirak, J.; Vostrel, F. Praha : Vysoka Skola
Zemedelska; 1985.
Sbornik. Rada B: Zivocisna vyroba - Prague, Vysoka skola
zemedelska, Fakulta agronomicka (43): p. 157-171. ill; 1985.
Includes references.
Language: Czech
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Animal behavior; Pipeline milking
machines
360 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 C33
Vplyv pseusunu starsich krav na farmu s volnym ustajnenim na
uzitkovost [Effect of the transfer of older cows to a farm
with loose housing system on their efficiency].
Brestensky, V.; Szabova, G.; Mihina, S.; Broucek, J.
Praha : Ustav; 1986 Jan.
Zivocisna vyroba - Ceskoslovenska akademie zemedelska, Ustav
vedeckotechnickych informaci pro zemedelstvi v. 31 (1): p.
15-19; 1986 Jan. Includes references.
Language: Slovak
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cattle housing; Loose housing;
Transfers; Milk yield; Animal fertility
361 NAL Call. No.: SF191.D3
A warm, naturally ventilated barn that works.
Christenson, L.E.
Minneapolis : Miller Publishing Co; 1985 Jan.
Dairy herd management v. 22 (1): p. 58, 61-62. ill; 1985 Jan.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Cow housing; Ventilation; Winter;
Heating
362 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66
Water application rates for a sprinkler and fan dairy cooling
system in hot, humid climates.
Means, S.L.; Bucklin, R.A.; Nordstedt, R.A.; Beede, D.K.;
Bray, D.R.; Wilcox, C.J.; Sanchez, W.K.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1992 May. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 8
(3): p. 375-379; 1992 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Heat stress; Dairy performance;
Cooling systems; Evaporative cooling; Water use
Abstract: Three water application rates were compared for a
sprinkler and fan dairy cooling system in an open-sided feed
barn in a hot, humid climate. The effects of cooling were
monitored on 36 mid-lactation, Holstein dairy cows for water
application rates of 313.4, 492.9, and 704.1 L/h per nozzle at
69 kPa (1.4, 2.2, and 3.1 gpm at 10 psi) per nozzle. No
statistically significant differences were detected between
water application rates for daily milk yield, daily 3.5% fat-
corrected milk yield, dry matter intake, fat yield, protein
yield, percent protein, respiration rate, and rectal
temperature. The percentage of milk fat was significantly
affected by water application rate. These results indicate
that sprinkler and fan cooling systems can provide effective
heat stress relief at the lowest water application rate
tested, thus, reducing the amount of water consumed and the
amount of waste water that must be handled.
363 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
Welfare implications of modern artificial breeding techniques
for dairy cattle and sheep.
Murray, R.; Ward, W.R.
London : The British Veterinary Association; 1993 Sep18.
The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary
Association v. 133 (12): p. 283-286; 1993 Sep18. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Sheep; Animal welfare; Animal
breeding methods
364 NAL Call. No.: SF191.D3
What's new for freestalls.
Annexstad, J.
Minnetonka, Minn. : Miller Publishing Co; 1986 Jul.
Dairy herd management v. 23 (7): p. 24-27, 38. ill; 1986 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Dairy cows; Cow housing; Stalls; Loose
housing
365 NAL Call. No.: BJ52.5.J68
What's wrong with animal by-products?.
Varner, G.E.
Guelph, Ont. : University of Guelph, 1991-; 1994.
Journal of agricultural & environmental ethics v. 7 (1): p.
7-17; 1994. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Hens; Egg production; Poultry
industry; Dairy cows; Milk production; Dairy industry;
Productive life; Longevity; Slaughter; Animal welfare; Ethics
366 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 N811NC
Why do some folks have heifers to sell?.
Washburn, S.P.
Raleigh, N.C. : North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service;
1989 Aug. North Carolina dairy extension newsletter. p. 5-8;
1989 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Dairy farming; Herd structure;
Heifers; Sustained yield management
367 NAL Call. No.: SF191.D3
Will your ventilation keep cows healthy?.
Bodman, G.R.
Minnetonka, Minn. : Miller Publishing Co; 1986 Jul.
Dairy herd management v. 23 (7): p. 31-33. ill; 1986 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cows; Environmental control; Cow housing;
Ventilation; Barns; Building construction
368 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69
Working up the subfertile dairy herd: assessing estrus
detection and semen handling.
Gaines, J.D.
Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Company; 1989
Jun. Veterinary medicine v. 84 (6): p. 636-644. ill; 1989 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dairy cattle; Reproductive disorders; Estrus;
Detection; Artificial insemination; Semen; Techniques;
Gonadotropin releasing hormone; Reproductive ability
369 NAL Call. No.: 26 L53
Zu einigen technologischen Untersuchungen an
Milchproduktionsanlagen in der Republik Kuba [Technological
studies of milk production units in the Republic of Cuba].
Lommatzsch, R.
Leipzig, E. Ger. : Karl-Marx-Universitat; 1988.
Beitrage zur tropischen Landwirtschaft und Veterinarmedizin v.
26 (3): p. 245-253; 1988. Includes references.
Language: German
Descriptors: Cuba; Cow housing; Dairy cows; Design; Milk
production; Stalls
370 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 EX7
Zur Anwendung einheitlicher Prufprogramme fur die komplexe
veterinarmedizinische Kontrolle der Melktechnik. 3.
Untersuchungen uber die Vakuumverhaltnisse im Melkbecherinnen-
und Melkbecherzwischernraum im Melkkarussel Typ M 691-40 [Use
of integrated test programmes for complex veterinary control
of milking equipment. 3. Vacuum conditions in the between
milking cups in type M 691-40 milking caroussel].
Eichel, H.; Planert, Ch; Wolsky, J.
Leipzig, E. Ger. : S. Hirzel; 1985 Mar.
Archiv fur experimentelle Veterinarmedizin v. 39 (2): p.
207-213; 1985 Mar. Includes references.
Language: German
Descriptors: Milking parlors; Dairy cows; Teatcups; Vacuums;
Pressure; Pressure gauges; Milking
Adkinson, R.W. 161 Adriaens, F. 44 Agabriel, C. 43, 126 Agarwal, S.B. 72 Aguilar, A.A. 133 Agyemang, K. 238 Ahmad, Z. 155 Aii, T. 100 Akers, R.M. 57 Albright, J.L. 63, 177 Albutt, R. 87 Ali, T. 109 Allen, M.S. 51 Allison, J.S. 340 Allrich, R.D. 302 Allrich, R.D. \u Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 148 Althouse, J.R. 86 Alwang, Jeffrey R. 6 Amaral, L.R. 162 American Society of Agricultural Engineers 73 Amyot, E. 89 Anderson, J.F. 192 Anderson, J.H. 10 Anderson, N.G. 186 Andersson, M. 130 Aneshansley, D.J. 59, 78, 141, 142, 261, 347 Annexstad, J. 21, 364 Anthony, T.Y. 62 Araki, C.T. 90 Arambel, M.J. 22 Arave, C.W. 22 Arendonk, J.A.M. van 265 Arieli, A. 353 Ark, H. van 104 Arkin, H. 205, 264 Armstrong, D.V. 1, 116, 179, 204, 208, 210, 221, 229, 262, 263, 279, 284, 317, 320, 345, 350 Ash, K.A. 119 Auernhammer, Hermann 334 Ax, R.L. 331 Baccari, F. Jr 120 Bachman, K.C. 120 Bader, E. 180 Badinga, L. 99, 321 Baeta, F.C. 154 Baile, C.A. 136 Bailey, C. 133 Baker, E.S. 36 Bame, J.H. 134 Bargai, U. 342 Barkema, H.W. 42 Barnes, M.M. 352 Barnett, J.L. 127 Barnouin, J. 77 Barros, C.M. 321 Barth, C.L. 336 Bartlett, P.C. 252 Bartol, F.F. 321 Basson, R.P. 7 Bates, D.W. 192 Bath, Donald L. 64 Batra, T.R. 225 Bauman, D.E. 35, 123 Baxter, S.H. 292 Beall, Gary, 64 Beauchemin, K.A. 19, 49 Becker, B.A. 102, 136 Beede, D.K. 16, 56, 117, 137, 138, 143, 152, 182, 197, 275, 344, 362 Berger, P.J. 155 Berman, A. 91, 105, 205, 264, 343, 353 Berning, L.M. 267 Berry, D. 213 Betti, Sandra, 333 Bickert, W.G. 84, 150, 163, 208, 284, 317 Bjotvedt, G. 153 Bkhiet, H.A. 45 Black, W.D. 15, 68 Blakewood, E.G. 106 Block, E. 96 Blokhuis, H.J. 356 Blokland, P.J. van 240 Blosser, T.H. 341 Bodman, G.R. 189, 367 Boland, M.P. 288 Bonaiti, B. 43, 126 Boosinger, J. 56 Bosu, W.T.K. 315 Bowers, C.L. 46 Boxberger, J. 248 Brand, A. 42 Brasington, C.F. 97 Bray, D.R. 56, 152, 160, 182, 224, 286, 362 Brestensky, V. 360 Bringe, A.N. 276 Brinkman, G.L. 40 Britten, A.M. 69, 256 Broadway, R. 3 Broday, D. 205, 264 Broucek, J. 156, 360 Brumback, T.B. Jr 111 Brunscwig, G. 126 Brunsvold, R.E. 23 Bryner, J.H. 124 Brzezinska-Slebodzinska, E. 278 Buchanan-Smith, J.G. 19 Buck, N.L. 93 Bucklin, R.A. 152, 182, 332, 362 Bucklin, Ray 73 Buckmaster, D.R. 251 Bundesanstalt fur Alpenlandische Landwirtschaft Gumpenstein 32 Buonomo, F.C. 117 Burke, B.P. 309 Burks, T.F. 280, 323 Burton, J.H. 245 Call, E.P. 298 Canadian Federation of Humane Societies, Canada, Agriculture Canada 305 Canart, B. 273, 312 Carrano, J.A. 18 Centro ricerche produzioni animali 333 Cermak, J. 82, 83 Chang, Ta-li 268 Chassagne, M. 77 Chastain, J.P. 184, 306 Choiniere, Y. 291 Christenson, L.E. 361 Christiansen, W.C. 145 Christopher, E.E. 110 Clark, E. 13 Clark, P.C. 4, 227 Clarke, N.L. 90 Clarke, S.P. 346 Coenen, J. 259 Cohen, R. 342 Cole, J.A. 118 Coleman, D.A. 125, 175, 176 Collar, L. 218 Collier, R.J. 16, 44, 102, 117, 136, 138, 143 Coppock, C.E. 97 Cornell Cooperative Extension 293 Coulon, J.B. 43, 126 Cowan, R.T. 169 Cramer, C. 260 Cramer, C.O. 23, 166, 287 Crist, W.L. 280, 306, 323 Crowder, Bradley M. 6 Crowley, J. 300 Cummins, K. 321 Cummins, K.A. 34, 125, 311 Cunningham, M.D. 302 Curtis, S.E. 296 Czarniecki, C.S. 261 Dado, R.G. 51 Dahl, J.C. 181 Davison, T.M. 169, 230 Dechamps, P. 273, 312 Decker, E.L. 314 DeGroff, T. 290 DeJarnette, J.M. 134 Deldar, A. 7 DeLorenzo, M.A. 56, 117, 138 Delorenzo, M.A. 160 DeLorenzo, M.A. 286, 324 Denise, S.K. 116 Dentine, M.R. 349 DePeters, Ed 64 Diaz, T. 99 Djoharjani, S.T. 211 Dobson, H. 308 Domecq, J.J. 167 Dowlen, H.H. 340 Doyle, C.J. 330 Drapala, W.J. 129 Drost, M. 16, 88, 99, 203, 232 Du Preez, J.H. 103, 104, 200, 201, 202 Dumelow, J. 79, 87 Dunham, J.R. 298 Dziuk, H.E. 192 Ealy, A.D. 88 Eichel, H. 370 Eisenberg, B.E. 201, 202 Ekelund, Karl 325 Elder, H.F. 184 Elvinger, F. 235, 266 Elvinger, F.C. 56, 224 Ely, L.O. 299 Emerton, B.L. 340 Erb, H.N. 123 Esmail, S.H.M. 237 Ewer, T.K. 12 Ezra, E. 132 Fagiri, I. 45 Fales, W.H. 110 Faye, B. 77 Fernandez-van Cleve, J. 50 Fisher, L. 7 Flamenbaum, I. 91, 343 Floyd, J. 175 Folman, Y. 343, 353 Fox, G. 9, 40 Fox, L.K. 335 Fox, M.W. 67 Freeman, A.E. 95 French, D.D. 62 Friend, T.H. 46 Frimer, E.S. 228, 314 Fuhrmann, H. 188 Funk, D.A. 309 Fuquay, J.W. 129, 157, 158 Furukawa, R. 243 Gaines, J.D. 368 Gallo, G.F. 96 Galton, D.M. 123, 131, 228 Gamroth, M.J. 85, 187 Garssen, G.J. 139 Gates, R.S. 280, 306 Gay, C. 290 Gebremedhin, K.G. 287 Genest, M. 77 Genner, D. 19 Georgescu, Gheorghe 348 Gielen, M. 273 Giese, W.W. 188 Giesecke, W.H. 103, 114, 200, 201, 202 Gilad, E. 105 Gilbert, G.R. 331 Giller, P.S. 168 Goddard, M.E. 17 Godke, R.A. 106, 288 Goldberg, J.J. 226 Good, A.L. 192 Gorewit, R.C. 59, 78, 141, 142, 261, 347 Gough, R.H. 161 Graber, Y. 105, 353 Grainger, C. 113 Grant, R.J. 112 Graves, R.E. 75, 149, 339 Grimes, L.W. 246 Grissom, K.K. 46 Grover, W. 290 Gruppe Tierische Veredlungswirtschaft 259 Guard, C.L. 42 Gustafson, R.J. 351 Guthrie, L.D. 299 Gwazdauskas, F.C. 111 Hackett, A.J. 225, 313 Hahn, G.L. 322 Halbach, T.J. 320 Hansen, C. 127 Hansen, L.B. 194 Hansen, P.J. 88, 118, 122, 235, 266 Hard, D.L. 44 Harmon, R.J. 282 Harper, J. 178 Harris, B.L. 95 Hartman, D.A. 2 Hartnell, G.F. 44, 133 Harvey, T.J. 276 Hassall, S.A. 128 Hatae, K. 231 Hattingh, P.J. 200, 201, 202 Head, H.H. 120 Healey, M.H. 155 Heider, L.E. 252 Heinrichs, A.J. 75, 301, 339 Hemken, R.W. 306 Hemsworth, P.H. 127 Hendrikson, S.R. 276 Her, E. 343 Herdt, T.H. 150 Hermanson, R.E. 183, 242 Herz, Z. 353 Hill, F.W.G. 294 Hintz, R.L. 44 Hodgson-Jones, L.S. 196 Hoffman, P. 300 Hoges, J. 259 Holmes, B.J. 166, 181, 212 Hopster, H. 101, 239, 356 House, H.K. 186 Howard, D.B. 226 Howard, T. 300 Huber, J.T. 179, 210 Hunter, R. 179, 210 Huntington, G.B. 117, 138 Hurnik, J.F. 24, 89 Hutjens, M.F. 174 Ibrahim, M.N.M. 211 Igono, M.O. 153, 281 Illmann, G. 257 Imtiaz Hussain, S.M. 158 Indonesia, Departemen Pertanian, Kantor Wilayah Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 255 Ingawa, K.H. 161 Ingraham, R.H. 62 Institut fur Rinderproduktion Iden-Rohrbeck (Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der DDR) 144 Istasse, L. 273, 312 Ivancsics, J. 180 Jarrett, J.A. 151 Jassim, A.H. 229 Jenkins, O.C. 46 Jenny, B.F. 246 Jirak, J. 359 Jisa, J. 359 Johnson, A.P. 214 Johnson, H.D. 102, 136, 154, 281 Johnson, J.C. Jr 119 Jonasen, B. 25 Jones, B. 8 Jones, D. 249 Jones, G. 307 Jones, T. 218 Jong, R. de 326 Jonker, L.J. 139 Jordan, D.C. 133 Jorgensen, N. 300 Kabuga, J.D. 233, 238 Kahl, S. 57 Kahn, H.E. 115 Kaim, M. 343, 353 Kains, F.A. 270 Kaiser, H.M. 170, 277 Kalter, R.J. \u Cornell University 217 Kam, L.W.G. 90 Kammel, D.W. 8, 166 Kampkens, K. 248 Kappel, L.C. 62 Kehrli, M. 124 Kelly, J.M. 196 Kelly, M. 171 Kenealy, M.D. 174 Kerchove, G. de 44 Kiernan, N.E. 75, 339 Kilmer, L.H. 174 Kimbrell, A. 61 Kimmel, E. 205, 264 King, V.L. 116 Kingdon, L.B. 54 Kleiber, Hans, 144 Klingborg, D.J. 206 Klopfenstein, T.J. 112 Knott, F.N. 55 Knutson, R.J. 302 Koenig, B.E. 10 Koenig, H.E. 10 Kondo, S. 24 Konggaard, S.P. 29 Kopel, E. 288 Kotvas, R. 318 Kovacs, K.G. 180 Kovalcuj, K. 156 Krause, G.F. 110, 281 Kristensen, E.S. 66 Krohn, C.C. 25, 26, 29 Kronfeld, D.S. 195 Kume, S. 100, 109 Kunkel, J.R. 226 Kurihara, M. 100, 109 Lamb, R.C. 22 Lance, S.E. 252 Lane, G.T. 190 Lang, S. 297 Lanham, J.K. 97 Lanyon, L.E. 219 Larsen, H.J. 23, 287 Larssen, R.B. 241 Lautenbach, K. 28 Lay, D.C. Jr 46 Leaver, J.D. 65 LeDane, R.A. 267 Lee, C.N. 33 Lefcourt, A.M. 57 Lefebvre, D.M. 96 Lehenbauer, T. 218 Lemerle, C. 17 Lescourret, F. 77 Letkovivova, M. 156 Li, R. 102, 136 Lin, C.Y. 313 Lin, J.C. 125 Linvill, D.E. 198 Lisle, A.T. 230 Little, W. 329 Lommatzsch, R. 369 Lopez-Diaz, M.C. 315 Lotan, E. 132 Lovendahl, P. 135 Lucy, M.C. 321 Ludington, D.C. 78, 347 Luescher, U.A. 41 Lynn, J.W. 106 Madsen, F.C. 278 Madsen, K.S. 44, 133 Mahoney, C.B. 194 Mainland, D.D. 330 Mamen, M. 353 Manalu, W. 136 Manston, R. 329 Maree, C. 103 Marple, D.N. 321 Martin, R.O. 164 Marty, G. 43 Marx, G.D. 194 McAllister, A.J. 313 McBride, B.W. 245 McClure, A.M. 110 McEwen, S.A. 15, 68 McFarland, D.F. 187 McFate, K.L. 146 McGilliard, M.L. 134, 167 McGuffey, R.K. 7 McGuire, M.A. 117, 138 McGuirk, S. 290 McKeown D.B. 41 McQuitty, J.B. 4, 227 Meador, N.F. 154 Meaney, W.J. 168 Means, S.L. 362 Mechor, G. 290 Meek, A.H. 15, 68 Meidan, R. 105 Merilan, C.P. 247 Metcalf, J.A. 357 Metz, J.H.M. 101 Michanek, P. 60, 220 Mickan, F.J. 107 Mihina, S. 360 Milam, K.Z. 97 Miller, G.Y. 252 Miller, J.K. 278 Miller, K. 328 Miller, R.H. 267 Mills, C.R. 234 Milne, R.J. 165 Miramonti, J. 110 Molnar, J.J. 34 Monty, D.E. Jr 223, 304 Moore, A.B. 157 Moore, J.A. 36, 85 Moore, R.B. 129 Moran, J.B. 249 Morgan, E.B. 62 Morrill, J.L 298 Morrison, S.R. 254 Moschini, G. 9 Moss, B.R. 125, 175, 176, 250 Moss, C. 31 Mote, C.R. 340 Muller, C. 126 Muller, L.D. 251 Mullinix, B.G. 119, 121 Munksgaard, L. 25, 26, 135 Munksgaard, Lene 244 Munroe, J.A. 291 Munyakazi, L. 106 Murphy, B.M. 226 Murray, R. 363 Murray, R.D. 28, 128 Naas, I.A. 162 Nakamura, R.M. 90 Nanda, A.S. 308 Natzke, R.P. 235, 266 Navratil, J. 359 Nebel, R.L. 167 Neitzel, E.S. 188 Nickerson, S.C. 11 Nicks, B. 273, 312 Niles, D.E. 319 Nocek, James E. 209 Nordstedt, R.A. 332, 362 Norell, R.J. 335 Nostrand, S.D. 123 Nowak, P.F. 34 Nyamusika, N. 31 O'Connell, J.M. 168 Oldenbroek, J.K. 139 Oleskie, E.T. 272 Oliver, S.P. 340 Olson, J.D. 133 Olson, K.E. 94 Olson, K.L. 190 Oltenacu, P.A. 170 Orr, W.N. 169, 230 Ostergaard, V. 66 Owens, M. 289 Oxley, J. 9 Paape, M.J. 267 Pankey, J.W. 226 Pardue, F.E. 198, 246 Parker, W.J. 251 Pasquino, A.T. 167 Patni, N.K. 346 Patterson, D.L. 246 Pearson, R.E. 111 Pellerin, R.A. 78, 347 Perera, K.S. 111 Petersson, L.G. 131, 228 Phillips, C.J.C. 98 Planert, Ch 370 Poole, D.A. 5 Price, L.R. 59, 141, 142, 261 Purcell, D. 22 Putney, D.J. 232 Putney, J. 16 Quick, A.J. 345 Quille, T.J. 227 Racowsky, C. 223 Rae, O. 31 Randel, P.F. 48, 50 Rasmussen, M.D. 131, 228, 314 Rawson, R.E. 192 Ray, D.E. 229, 320 Reed, P.A. 56, 224 Reese, N.D. 86 Ren, J. 93 Reneau, J.K. 194 Reynolds, C.K. 117, 138 Richard, J.I. 108 Richardson, C.W. 38 Riddell, D.O. 190 Riechers, R. 172 Riemann, H.P. 241 Roberts, B. 40 Roberts, S.J. 357 Rock, D.W. 246 Rode, L.M. 49 Rodenburg, J. 186 Rodriguez, R.E. 179 Rogers, G.W. 310 Rossi, Paolo, 333 Ruth, G.R. 192 Ryan, D.P. 106, 288 Saacke, R.G. 134 Saama, P.M. 10 Sallmann, H.P. 188 Samuels, W.A. 44 Sanchez, W.K. 362 Sandifer, T.G. 121 Sanford-Crane, H.T. 153 Sato, S. 231 Sato, Y. 243 Sattler, C.G. 349 Sauber, C.M. 53 Schmidtmann, E.T. 338 Schneider, P.L. 137, 275 Schofield, S.A. 98 Schuh, J.D. 229 Schukken, Y.H. 42, 294 Schulze, E. 188 Schupp, A. 172 Seabrook, M.F. 295, 303 Segerlind, L.J. 285 Serfass, R.C. 192 Seykora, T. 216 Shain, D.H. 112 Shanklin, M.D. 154, 281 Sharma, K.N.S. 72 Sharples, T. 79 Shaver, R. 300 Shearer, J.K. 56, 152, 197, 224, 290, 344 Shibata, M. 100 Shishido, H. 243 Shook, G.E. 331 Shultz, T.A. 39, 254 Silver, B.A. 230 Simensen, E. 241 Simpson, J.R. 240 Sindt, M.H. 112 Singh, S.S. 28 Sinnett-Smith, P.A. 30 Slee, J. 30 Smith, A.E. 157 Smith, E.J. 196 Smith, J.F. 247 Smith, R.C. III 125 Smith, T.R. 170 Sniffen, C.J. 191 Sommer, M. 76 Sorbet, R.H. 44 Sorensen, J.T. 66 Spahr, S.L. 93, 271 Spanghero, M. 234 Spencer, S.B. 310 Spencer, T.E. 321 Spencer-Johnson, K.J. 136 Spinka, M. 257 Spreen, T.H. 31 Steevens, B.J. 281 Stermer, R.A. 97 Stetson, L.E. 189 Stock, R.A. 112 Strickland, J.T. 182, 332 Stull, Carolyn 64 Stumpenhausen, Jorn 358 Sturman, H. 132 Suliman, H.B. 45 Sumner, J. 81 Surbrook, T.C. 86 Susmel, P. 234 Sutton, J.D. 357 Sydenstricker, K. 162 Szabova, G. 360 Tacreiter, H. 185 Takahashi, S. 109 Taraba, J.L. 280, 323 Tarrant, M.E. 329 Tarumizu, K. 231 Tauer, L.W. 277 Taylor, V.N. 119 Teigen, L.D. 58 Terblanche, S.J. 103 Thatcher, W.W. 16, 99, 143, 203, 232, 321 Thomas, C. 330 Thomas, C.V. 160, 286, 324 Thomas, G.W. 107 Thompson, P.B. 159 Thysen, I. 66 Tilbrook, A.J. 127 Timmons, M.B. 215 Tonkinson, L.V. 7 Torabi, M. 116 Tsutsui, Y. 243 Turner, L.W. 184, 280, 306, 323 Udo, H.M.J. 326 United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Natural Resource Economics Division 6 United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Washington State University 20 United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund 355 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry 140, 316 University of Wisconsin-Extension, Agriculture-Agribusiness Program, University of Wisconsin, Dept. of Agricultural Jounalism 222 Van Der Maaten, M.J. 124 Varner, G.E. 365 Vavak, V. 318 Ventorp, M. 60, 220 Veris, J. 359 Visser, R.Q. 47 Vogler, C.J. 134 Vostrel, F. 359 Wait, C. 354 Wallah, M.W. 80 Walters, J.L. 22 Ward, W.R. 28, 128, 308, 363 Warner, R.C. 184 Washburn, S.P. 52, 337, 366 Watson, G.A.L. 74 Webster, J. 193 Weeks, S.A. 164 Welding, M.C. 103 Weller, J.I. 132 Wells, G.D. 145 Wesley, I.V. 124 West, J.W. 119, 121, 253 Weyden, G.C. van der 42 Wheeler, G.E. 354 Whitaker, D.A. 196 White, T.C. 44 Whitlow, L.W. 199 Whittaker, W.G. 70 Widodo, M.W. 326 Wiebold, J.L. 147 Wierderman, Gustav 274 Wierenga, H. K. 27 Wierenga, H.K. 101, 327 Wiersma, F. 116, 179, 210, 221, 229 Wilcox, C.J. 16, 117, 120, 137, 138, 143, 275, 362 Wildman, E.E. 226 Wilkinson, J.I.D. 139, 329 Willeberg, P. 236 Willemse, J.J.C. 104 Wilson, M. 216 Wise, M.E. 1, 179, 210 Wolfe, D. 321 Wolfensen, D. 321 Wolfenson, D. 91, 99, 105, 343, 353, 355 Wolff, W.A. 110 Wolke, H. 259 Wollenzien, A.C. 181 Wolsky, J. 370 Wood-Gash, D.G.M. 328 Woolliams, J.A. 30 Wright, F.A. 272 Wu, Tao-chung 269 Yamagishi, N. 243 Younas, M. 157, 158 Young, C. Edwin 6 Young, C.W. 194 Zaugg, N.L. 207 Zelin, S. 19 Zhao, X. 245 Zoa-Mboe, A. 120
4-h clubs 2 Abortion 142 Abuse 14 Acclimatization 108 Acid base equilibrium 137, 275 Acrosome 247 Adrenal cortex hormones 267 Age 129, 342 Age at first calving 42, 155, 175, 301 Age differences 155, 282, 312 Age structure 349 Aggressive behavior 327 Agonistic behavior 24, 328 Agricultural byproducts 326 Agricultural land 251 Agricultural policy 217, 277 Agricultural regions 31 Agricultural structure 240, 330 Agricultural wastes 6 Ai bulls 342 Air conditioning 55 Air quality 4, 150 Air temperature 103, 200, 233, 353 Alabama 175, 250 Alberta 4, 227 Alfalfa 251 Alfalfa hay 49 Altruism 231 American brown swiss 48 Ammonia 4, 346 Analogs 288 Animal anatomy 11, 310 Animal behavior 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 57, 59, 60, 63, 86, 101, 127, 191, 273, 287, 312, 359 Animal breeding 12, 72, 302 Animal breeding methods 363 Animal feeding 12, 37, 65, 66, 72, 82, 174, 178, 241, 352 Animal fertility 180, 360 Animal health 37, 38, 92, 114, 123, 133, 139, 178, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 245, 302 Animal housing 72, 111, 166, 241, 291, 346 Animal husbandry 12, 14, 92 Animal nutrition 195, 302 Animal research 66 Animal welfare 7, 13, 14, 29, 44, 46, 47, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 92, 94, 128, 142, 159, 173, 185, 186, 187, 193, 213, 236, 245, 295, 296, 328, 341, 363, 365 Antibiotic residues 15, 68 Antioxidants 278 Appetite 254 Arid climate 153, 229 Arid zones 221 Arizona 53, 54, 116, 153, 204, 207, 208, 229, 320, 350 Artificial insemination 232, 288, 368 Artificial vagina 247 Artificial ventilation 157, 353 Assessment 17 Automatic control 314 Automation 18, 19 Bacterial count 131, 161, 335 Bacterial spores 131 Bangladesh 80 Barns 4, 80, 84, 163, 164, 165, 212, 270, 292, 312, 336, 367 Barriers 82 Beef bulls 42, 82 Beef cattle 31, 146, 171, 172 Beef cows 231 Beef industry 144 Behavior patterns 98 Behavior problems 41 Behavioral resistance 46 Bibliographies 213 Biochemical pathways 278 Biotechnology 34 Birth weight 91 Blood 266 Blood chemistry 102, 121, 139, 156 Blood composition 136 Blood flow 138, 203, 357 Blood picture 139 Blood plasma 46, 117, 135, 138, 139, 267, 278, 290, 308 Blood serum 59, 157, 290 Body composition 132 Body condition 112, 119, 133, 246 Body heat loss 344 Body measurements 194, 220 Body temperature 88, 90, 97, 117, 119, 136, 157, 158, 233, 235, 275, 281, 343, 353 Body temperature regulation 344 Body weight 49, 119, 133, 139, 142, 175, 245, 246 Bovine mastitis 44, 56, 110, 142, 151, 160, 161, 193, 218, 224, 226, 236, 246, 252, 256, 282 Bovine respiratory syncytial virus 31 Bowl drinkers 130 Branding 46, 67, 173 Breed differences 228, 311 Breeding 175, 268, 269, 299 Breeding programs 300 Brood care 146 Brown swiss 50 Buffaloes 72, 155 Building construction 74, 336, 367 Bulk milk 218, 226 Cabt 31, 40, 44, 44, 47, 58, 104, 126, 169, 184, 204, 211, 218, 324, 326, 342, 365 Caesarean section 42 Calcium 100, 282 Calcrete 47 Calf diarrhea rotavirus 290 Calf diseases 2, 298, 300 Calf feeding 2, 176, 300 Calf housing 2, 37, 38, 71, 150, 176, 192, 285, 298, 300, 339 Calf production 31, 294, 300 California 39, 218, 254 Calves 2, 22, 23, 30, 37, 60, 75, 91, 112, 174, 176, 178, 212, 220, 257, 290, 294, 297, 298, 300, 301, 338, 339 Calving 107, 302 Calving interval 42, 127, 229, 320 Canada 40, 68 Carbohydrate metabolism 188 Carbon dioxide 4, 106, 346 Carcass yield 265 Case studies 183 Cassava 326 Catheters 96 Cattle 32, 144, 144, 333 Cattle breeds 42, 48, 232 Cattle diseases 142, 195 Cattle feeding 77, 126, 175, 301 Cattle housing 8, 14, 22, 23, 28, 65, 79, 83, 86, 149, 170, 171, 205, 213, 248, 287, 292, 307, 318, 352, 360 Cattle husbandry 13, 37, 65, 66, 69, 84, 176, 193, 199, 211, 213, 295, 300, 302, 327, 349 Cattle manure 36, 183, 227, 242, 340, 352 Cattle trade 140 Cattle weighers 93 Cell counting 235 Chilling 97 Cleaning 161 Climate 116 Climate control 292 Climatic factors 229 Climatic zones 204 Coat 116, 122 Cold stress 30, 102, 156 Coliform bacteria 110, 252, 340 Coliform count 252, 340 Collection 247, 342 Color 116, 122 Colostrum 220 Compaction 49 Comparisons 240 Competition, Unfair 140 Complete feeds 48 Composts 340 Computer hardware 51 Computer simulation 162, 198, 280, 324 Computer software 10, 51, 162, 198 Computer techniques 93, 314 Concentrates 12, 126, 329 Conception 107, 115 Conception rate 52, 62, 103, 104, 167, 304, 337 Concrete 87, 352 Conferences 63, 296, 341 Conformation 309 Congresses 144, 144, 144, 144 Construction 212 Consumer attitudes 94 Control methods 68 Controlled release 245, 246 Cooling 1, 39, 56, 90, 146, 179, 182, 207, 221, 224, 343 Cooling systems 53, 125, 152, 306, 332, 362 Corpus luteum 148 Correlation 233 Correlation analysis 57, 156 Corticotropin 135 Cortisol 96, 127, 179, 210, 308 Cost benefit analysis 172, 181 Costs 8, 66, 194, 265 Covers 47 Cow colostrum 174, 176, 290, 300 Cow housing 3, 4, 5, 21, 29, 39, 41, 66, 71, 74, 76, 80, 81, 85, 89, 98, 151, 162, 175, 182, 189, 191, 211, 212, 214, 218, 225, 227, 270, 273, 276, 297, 301, 302, 309, 313, 328, 332, 336, 339, 343, 347, 361, 364, 367, 369 Cows 72 Crossbreds 113 Crude protein 112 Cryopreservation 134 Cuba 369 Cubicles 28, 47, 69, 81, 98, 101, 149, 168, 171, 186, 187, 193, 327 Culling 139, 155, 349 Dairy breeds 17, 228 Dairy bulls 134, 180, 216, 247, 300, 312, 331, 342 Dairy cattle 6, 6, 8, 13, 17, 20, 20, 22, 23, 36, 37, 38, 40, 45, 63, 64, 65, 71, 73, 74, 75, 78, 83, 104, 106, 149, 150, 152, 163, 164, 165, 166, 169, 171, 172, 176, 177, 185, 192, 193, 195, 197, 209, 209, 212, 213, 215, 221, 222, 234, 237, 241, 255, 259, 268, 268, 268, 269, 269, 269, 269, 272, 287, 290, 291, 292, 293, 296, 297, 299, 300, 303, 305, 305, 307, 316, 333, 337, 341, 344, 348, 348, 355, 363, 368 Dairy cooperatives 70 Dairy cows 1, 5, 7, 11, 12, 16, 18, 19, 21, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 33, 35, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 66, 67, 69, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 147, 148, 151, 153, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 167, 168, 170, 173, 175, 178, 179, 180, 181, 183, 184, 187, 188, 190, 191, 194, 196, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 217, 218, 219, 220, 223, 224, 225, 226, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 235, 236, 238, 240, 243, 245, 246, 248, 249, 251, 252, 253, 254, 256, 257, 261, 262, 263, 265, 266, 267, 273, 275, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 286, 288, 289, 295, 298, 301, 302, 304, 306, 308, 309, 310, 311, 313, 314, 315, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 324, 326, 327, 328, 329, 335, 343, 345, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 356, 357, 359, 360, 361, 362, 364, 365, 367, 369, 370 Dairy equipment 71, 146 Dairy farming 10, 64, 72, 76, 146, 241, 260, 271, 326, 330, 339, 348, 366 Dairy farms 15, 43, 58, 70, 145, 219, 226, 240 Dairy herds 14, 43, 53, 66, 70, 77, 104, 126, 167, 186, 250, 252, 270, 271, 294, 309, 319, 349 Dairy hygiene 161, 252 Dairy industry 9, 34, 70, 94, 217, 240, 277, 365 Dairy legislation 14 Dairy performance 30, 111, 130, 160, 167, 279, 322, 345, 362 Dairy research 40, 63 Dairy technology 94, 271 Dairy traits 95, 309 Dairy wastes 242 Dairying 15, 20, 144, 279 Data collection 271 Databases 77 Decision making 271 Deglutition 51 Dehorning 2 Demonstration farms 76 Denmark 29, 66 Design 39, 79, 80, 81, 82, 208, 256, 284, 285, 317, 336, 352, 369 Design criteria 183 Detection 89, 368 Dexamethasone 124 Diet 112, 237 Diets 12 Digestibility 49 Digestive disorders 194 Dilution 357 Dimensions 187 Disease control 31, 65, 256 Disease prevalence 342 Disease prevention 38, 92 Disease resistance 114 Disorders 351 Diurnal variation 89, 153, 233 Dosage effects 7, 35 Drainage systems 171 Drinking behavior 78, 130 Drinking water 97, 337 Drug formulations 245 Dry feeding 251 Dry lot feeding 250 Dry matter 120, 132, 245, 246 Dry period 42, 91, 118, 129, 191 Duration 139, 158 Dust 4 Dynamic models 277 Dystocia 42 Economic analysis 31, 281, 332 Economic dualism 58 Economic impact 9, 34, 35, 95, 277 Education 296 Educational methods 323 Effects 159 Efficacy 195 Efficiency 175, 323 Egg production 365 Electric current 8, 57, 59, 189, 347 Electric heaters 146 Electrical energy 145, 146 Electricity 59, 141, 142, 146, 351 Embryo culture 106 Embryo mortality 88, 147 Embryonic development 88, 106, 203, 223 Embryos 88 Embryos (animal) 223, 232 Energy 189, 347 Energy balance 10, 30, 49, 112 Energy consumption 145 Energy intake 245 Energy metabolism 205 Energy requirements 329 Environment 114, 151, 154 Environmental aspects 6 Environmental control 150, 192, 254, 270, 367 Environmental engineering 144 Environmental factors 16, 22, 102, 169, 233, 322 Environmental impact 159 Environmental temperature 17, 100, 104, 108, 117, 136, 153, 158, 169, 202, 204, 235, 311, 320, 322 Enzyme activity 282 Enzymes 267 Equations 264, 286 Erythrocyte count 267 Estradiol 105, 148, 179, 210, 308 Estrous behavior 89 Estrous cycle 16, 98, 105, 157, 158, 210, 232, 288, 308 Estrus 89, 148, 203, 271, 313, 368 Ethics 159, 365 Europe 44 Evaporative coolers 54 Evaporative cooling 184, 204, 205, 229, 264, 332, 344, 362 Ewes 315 Experimental stations 3 Expert systems 167 Extensive livestock farming 25, 26 Externalities 10 Faces 67 Facilities 8, 189 Falkland Islands 74 Family farms 260 Fans 55, 146, 157, 204, 281, 332 Farm area 326 Farm buildings 171 Farm comparisons 252 Farm dairies 3, 18, 66, 87, 181, 214, 243, 248, 340 Farm equipment 71, 84 Farm income 330 Farm management 15, 68, 77, 191, 214, 219, 241, 242, 252, 271 Farm structure 34, 217 Farm surveys 9, 18, 68, 126 Farm tests 102 Farmers 159 Farmers' income 326 Farming 75, 146 Farming systems 326 Fasting 30, 100 Fatty acids 121 Feasibility studies 172 Feces collection 242 Federal government 40 Feed composition tables 50 Feed conversion 136, 246 Feed grains 176 Feed intake 5, 48, 50, 51, 102, 112, 113, 117, 119, 120, 125, 132, 136, 138, 139, 156, 207, 245, 246, 249, 254, 329 Feed rations 253 Feed requirements 298 Feed supplements 48, 137, 278 Feeding 100, 299 Feeding and feeds 268, 269 Feeding behavior 19, 60, 177, 220 Feeding preferences 25 Feeds 82 Fees 172 Female fertility 129, 132, 139, 142, 179, 196 Fence lines 39 Fertilizers 219 Fetal death 142 Fetal growth 203 Fiber content 329 Floors 83, 87, 243, 342, 352 Florida 53, 56, 143, 182, 224, 232, 324, 332 Flow 189, 347 Flushing 183 Fodder crops 146 Fogging 229 Follicles 315 Food contamination 68 Food safety 34, 94, 159 Forage 12, 251 France 126 Free radicals 278 Friesian 103, 249 Frozen semen 247 Fsh 105 Functional disorders 147 Fur 205 Gases 275 Genetic defects 147 Genetic differences 30 Genetic effects 22, 44 Genotypes 180 Geographical distribution 170 German federal republic 248 Gestation period 42 Glucose 188 Gnrh 105, 288, 315 Gonadotropin releasing hormone 96, 368 Government 277 Graafian follicles 99 Grain drying 146 Grass silage 329 Grass sward 330 Gravel 338 Grazing 66, 70, 177, 249, 251 Grazing behavior 328 Green fodders 50 Grooming 231 Groups 190, 191 Growth 294 Growth promoters 217 Growth promoting substances 20 Growth rate 300 Guidelines 178 Handbooks 71 Handling 6, 20, 127, 146, 174, 190, 216, 227 Haryana 72 Hay 12, 50 Healing 335 Health 294 Health care 194, 294 Health hazards 346 Heart rate 24, 46, 356 Heat 337, 355 Heat production 121, 136, 227 Heat resistance 122 Heat stress 1, 16, 17, 33, 39, 45, 52, 53, 55, 56, 62, 88, 91, 97, 100, 103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 125, 129, 132, 134, 136, 137, 138, 143, 152, 153, 154, 158, 169, 179, 182, 184, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 210, 221, 223, 224, 229, 230, 232, 233, 235, 237, 238, 247, 253, 254, 267, 275, 281, 288, 289, 290, 304, 306, 311, 320, 321, 331, 332, 336, 343, 344, 353, 362 Heat sums 129 Heat tolerance 88, 237 Heat transfer 205, 264 Heating 146, 150, 361 Heifers 42, 75, 82, 107, 175, 212, 285, 298, 300, 301, 302, 339, 366 Height 220 Hemorrhage 192 Hens 365 Heparin 331 Herbage 251 Herd size 80 Herd structure 95, 155, 366 Herds 195 Hides and skins 264 Hired labor 172 Holstein-friesian 30, 48, 50, 108, 111, 113, 116, 119, 120, 122, 134, 138, 147, 194, 230, 233, 261, 281, 311 Hoofs 209, 209 Hooves 142, 309 Hormone secretion 105, 135, 157, 210, 315, 321 Hormone supplements 102 Hormones 16, 120, 147 Hormones in animal nutrition 316 Horticultural crops 326 Housing 75, 78, 144, 222, 268, 269, 283, 299, 348 Housing area 24 Housing density 29, 101 Housing temperature and humidity 111 Humidity 121, 200, 201, 202, 207 Hungary 180 Hydrocortisone 46, 59, 158, 235 Hydrogen 331 Hydrogen sulfide 4, 346 Hygiene 47, 69, 186 Hyperthermia 266, 275 Hypothalamic regulation 315 Igg 290 Illumination 89 Immune response 235, 266 Immunity 174 Immunoglobulins 174 Immunosuppression 124 Improvement 181, 354 Inbred lines 113 Incentives 170 Incidence 42, 82, 110, 236 Indexes 153, 200, 201, 202 Indonesia 211 Infectious diseases 193 Infertility 223 Inflammation 282 Information needs 70 Ingestion toxicity 272 Inhibitors 68 Injection 123, 132, 246 Injuries 41, 82 Innovation adoption 9, 34, 277, 330 Inspection 20 Installations 8, 39 Instrumentation 87, 243 Instruments 51 Insulation 134, 149 Insulin 30, 139 Insulin-like growth factor 117 Integrated pest management 297 Intensive livestock farming 25, 26, 234 Interactions 295, 303 International trade 94 Investment 284, 317 Iodine 131, 161 Iodophors 131 Irrigated pastures 249 Israel 132, 342, 353 Japan 240, 243 Java 326 Jersey 113, 119, 311 Kansas 298 Kentucky 184, 190 Ketosis 241 Kinetics 188, 243 Kinship 231 Kleiber, Hans 1920- 144 L-thyroxine 139 Labor 323 Laboratory tests 102, 108 Lactating females 102, 105, 118, 137, 147, 153, 179, 191, 210, 232, 233, 304 Lactation 1, 7, 33, 35, 107, 108, 113, 114, 142, 153, 154, 158, 253, 261 Lactation number 42, 49, 59, 110, 129, 139, 228, 245, 320 Lactation stage 44, 110, 111, 129, 132, 141, 188, 190, 228, 273, 282 Lagoons 183 Lameness 28, 87, 128, 193, 342 Land use 251 Large scale husbandry 318 Larvae 338 Learning ability 22 Lectins 112 Legislation 67, 173 Legs 309 Lesions 335 Leukocyte count 267 Leukocytes 266 Lh 96, 105, 157, 210, 308, 315 Life history 77 Limiting factors 234 Linear models 95 Linear programming 95 Liners 247 Listeria monocytogenes 124 Literature reviews 35, 44, 148, 177, 195, 204, 219, 278, 282, 301, 315 Litter 47, 69, 186, 212, 256, 309, 319, 338, 340 Livestock 140, 200, 322 Livestock housing 351 Livestock numbers 58, 219 Liveweight 48, 93, 107 Liveweight gain 31, 132, 301 Loads 79 Location of production 34 Locomotion 243, 248 Longevity 365 Loose housing 25, 29, 130, 149, 151, 180, 190, 248, 256, 340, 360, 364 Losses 189, 347, 351 Louisiana 62, 172 Lymphocyte transformation 266 Lymphocytes 235, 266 Machine milking 160, 228, 271, 314 Magnesium 100 Maize 112, 251 Maize byproducts 47 Maize silage 249 Male fertility 331 Mammary development 11 Mammary edema 278 Mammary glands 11, 235, 357 Mammary tissue 11 Man 295, 303 Management 6, 6 Managers 82 Mangers 39, 177, 254 Manure 6, 6 Manure spreading 36 Manures 6 Marginal analysis 58 Mastication 49, 51 Mastitis 123, 133, 222, 276 Material balance 10 Maternal behavior 257 Maternal immunity 290 Mathematical models 31, 205, 324, 330 Mating 107 Measurement 19, 51, 346, 357 Meat industry and trade 140 Mechanization 208, 284, 317, 350 Medicated feeds 68 Medicinal plants 354 Mediterranean countries 234 Metabolism 143 Metabolites 30, 138, 139 Methane 346 Michigan 163, 208, 284, 317 Microbial contamination 226 Microclimate 229, 318 Milk 15, 68, 121, 124, 131, 159, 266, 267, 281 Milk composition 35, 43, 49, 59, 102, 112, 113, 120, 123, 125, 133, 139, 141, 143, 161, 228, 230, 237, 245, 246, 282 Milk ejection 11, 123 Milk fat 43, 249 Milk fat percentage 126, 129, 132, 136 Milk fat yield 132 Milk flow 228 Milk prices 95, 170, 277 Milk production 1, 5, 30, 34, 43, 50, 54, 65, 70, 77, 91, 94, 102, 107, 111, 115, 116, 122, 125, 133, 153, 154, 156, 160, 170, 180, 181, 190, 195, 196, 197, 198, 200, 207, 217, 221, 222, 230, 234, 237, 237, 261, 263, 265, 267, 276, 277, 316, 320, 323, 330, 332, 343, 345, 354, 365, 369 Milk production costs 95, 301 Milk protein 43, 249 Milk protein percentage 132, 136 Milk protein yield 132 Milk quality 56, 151, 226, 262 Milk recording 271 Milk secretion 11 Milk supply 34 Milk synthesis 11 Milk tanks 226 Milk yield 11, 35, 44, 48, 49, 57, 59, 102, 112, 113, 118, 119, 120, 123, 125, 129, 132, 136, 139, 141, 143, 153, 156, 161, 197, 198, 203, 228, 230, 233, 235, 237, 245, 246, 249, 254, 281, 286, 301, 310, 324, 326, 329, 360 Milk-yielding animals 155 Milking 3, 11, 72, 131, 146, 161, 208, 222, 262, 284, 286, 310, 317, 350, 370 Milking interval 90, 127, 133, 323 Milking machines 345 Milking parlors 15, 73, 84, 90, 93, 160, 208, 214, 260, 261, 262, 263, 271, 279, 280, 284, 286, 293, 317, 323, 324, 345, 350, 370 Milking rate 59, 263, 310 Mineral content 275 Mineral metabolism 100, 109 Minerals 137 Minnesota 192 Mississippi 3, 129, 157 Missouri 281 Mists 39, 199, 254 Mixing 346 Models 77, 104, 181, 215, 264 Moisture 4, 227 Monitoring 77, 346, 356 Monoclonal antibodies 290 Morbidity 307 Mortality 31, 45, 110, 254, 301 Morula 106 Motility 247 Musca domestica 338 Namibia 200, 201, 202 Natural ventilation 163, 164, 166, 291 Netherlands 265 Network analysis 10 Neutrophils 266 New Jersey 272 New York 53, 170 Newborn animals 60, 192, 220, 290 Nitrates 272 Nitrogen fertilizers 169 Nomograms 215 North Carolina 199, 337, 366 Northeastern states of U.S.A. 164 Norway 241 Nutrient content 112 Nutrient intake 49 Nutrient requirements 175 Nutrient uptake 138 Nutrition programs 300 Nutritional state 137 Ohio 252 Ointments 335 Ontario 9, 165, 270 Operating costs 172, 208, 284, 317, 350 Optimization 277 Outturn 240 Ovarian cysts 225, 315 Ovaries 315 Ovaries (animal) 313 Ovulation 148 Ovulation rate 288 Oxygen 278 Oxytocin 123 Pain 46, 92 Pakistan 158 Papua new guinea 17 Parturition 278 Pastures 98, 113 Pathogens 282 Pathology 45 Pennsylvania 75, 251, 339 Pens 192, 204, 248, 284 Perception 295 Performance 322 Performance testing 306 Ph 51, 247 Phosphorus 100 Phthiraptera 297 Physiological functions 120, 122, 344 Pig farming 146 Pig housing 12, 171 Pigs 12, 303 Pipeline milking machines 359 Pituitary 315 Placental retention 278 Planes 8 Planning 18, 84, 212 Plant products 354 Plasma 281 Plasmin 282 Plate count 226 Pneumonia 45 Politics 14, 34 Polyethylene 247 Ponds 56, 224 Portal vein 138 Postpartum interval 96, 273, 308, 313 Postpartum period 60 Posture 357 Potassium 282 Potassium chloride 137 Poultry farming 146 Poultry industry 365 Practice 75 Precipitation 129 Prediction 104, 285, 286, 330 Pregnancy 179, 188, 232, 273 Pregnancy rate 169, 288, 320 Prepartum period 91, 273 Pressure 314, 370 Pressure gauges 370 Pressure regulators 314 Prevention 15, 83, 222, 351 Price elasticities 40 Price policy 40 Price support 34, 277 Probability 31 Probability analysis 155 Production controls 277 Production costs 35, 58, 70, 170 Production functions 58 Production structure 265 Productive life 155, 309, 365 Productivity 159 Proestrus 148 Profitability 70, 181, 217, 277 Progesterone 91, 148, 157, 158, 179, 210 Programmed feed dispensers 3 Prostaglandins 106, 157 Protected protein 329 Protein digestion 112 Public opinion 14, 296 Puerto Rico 48, 50 Pulsation 160, 286 Pulsators 160 Pulse rate 233 Quantitative analysis 153, 188 Quantitative techniques 19 Queensland 169, 230 Questionnaires 15 Quotas 9, 95 Radioactive tracers 188 Radioimmunoassay 16 Rain 110, 169, 233 Ratios 286 Regression analysis 68, 103, 309 Relative humidity 103, 104, 153, 204, 233, 320 Removal 277 Replacement 191, 285, 300, 301, 302 Reproduction 65, 197, 203 Reproductive ability 179, 368 Reproductive disorders 96, 354, 368 Reproductive efficiency 167 Reproductive performance 16, 116, 199, 245, 254, 343 Reproductive physiology 354 Research support 40 Residual milk 59 Residues 131 Resource utilization 330 Respiration rate 97, 233, 275 Rest 273, 328 Restricted feeding 48, 117 Returns 31, 40, 265 Risk 42, 44, 201 Romania 348, 348, 348 Rotational grazing 226 Rubber 247 Rumen 51 Rumen digestion 112, 126, 137, 249, 275 Rumination 19, 49, 177 Runoff water 219 Safety 195, 279, 346 Safety measures 20 Salmonella typhimurium 110 Sand 47, 319, 338 Sanitation 252 Saudi arabia 1, 288 Sawdust 338 Scotland 76 Scrotum 134 Seasonal fluctuations 43, 111, 115, 126, 229 Seasonal variation 103, 104, 169, 200, 201, 218 Seasonality 170 Seasons 25, 200, 320 Selection 2, 194 Selection criteria 194 Selective grazing 226 Selenium 278 Semen 247, 342, 368 Semen characters 134, 331 Semen diluents 247 Semen preservation 134 Sex differences 22 Sexual behavior 98 Shade 99, 120, 122, 199, 204, 229, 230, 253, 281, 289, 311 Shading 182 Sheep 12, 363 Shelters 322 Shock 57, 351 Silage 12 Silos 171, 272 Simulation 87 Simulation models 9, 115, 265, 286, 323, 324 Sires 22, 42 Size 107, 194 Skin 335 Slatted floors 79, 212, 227, 248 Slaughter 365 Slip resistant finishes 87, 243 Slips 83 Slurries 171, 346 Small farms 211, 214 Social consciousness 159 Social dominance 327, 328 Social interaction 231 Social structure 130, 231 Social welfare 277 Societies 67 Sodium chloride 137 Sodium propionate 30 Soil analysis 219 Solar radiation 118, 122 Solid waste 340 Somatic cell count 139, 218, 282 Somatotropin 7, 9, 33, 34, 35, 44, 61, 92, 96, 102, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 132, 133, 135, 136, 139, 159, 195, 196, 235, 236, 245, 246, 277, 281, 329, 330 Sorting 18 South Africa 47, 103, 104, 201, 202 South Carolina 53, 198, 336 South Dakota 289 Southern Africa 200 Soybean husks 112 Soybean soapstock 112 Space requirements 187 Spacing 101 Spatial distribution 231 Spermatozoa 134, 247 Spraying 281 Spring 249 Stalls 24, 25, 85, 149, 151, 162, 212, 227, 256, 287, 319, 336, 350, 364, 369 Staphylococcus aureus 335 Starch 329 Statistical analysis 111 Steroid hormones 278 Steroidogenesis 278 Steroids 147 Stochastic models 280, 285 Stomoxys calcitrans 338 Storage 146 Storage equipment 36 Straw 338 Stray voltage 78, 86, 261, 276 Streptococcus 110, 252 Stress 57, 92, 96, 114, 124, 127, 147, 193, 195, 278, 303, 308, 315, 322, 337, 356 Stress conditions 154 Structural change 9, 34, 58 Structural design 84, 187 Subcutaneous injection 245 Subsidies 34 Subtropics 99, 237, 353 Suckling 60, 220 Sudan 45 Sugarcane 326 Summer 45, 52, 99, 136, 157, 158, 169, 202, 232, 311, 318, 343 Superovulated females 232 Superovulation 223 Supply functions 40 Surface roughness 87 Surfaces 83 Surpluses 9, 277 Surveys 339 Survival 155 Sustained yield management 366 Symptoms 45 Systems analysis 10 Tanks 183 Tarsus 342 Teat dip 131, 161, 226, 262 Teatcup liner 310, 314 Teatcups 370 Teats 2, 11, 41, 60, 131, 161, 220, 226, 228, 266, 310, 314, 335 Technical progress 34, 159, 330 Techniques 182, 368 Technological innovations 144, 144 Technology 9 Technology transfer 94 Temperament 24 Temperature 121, 156, 201, 337 Temperature relations 23 Temperatures 97, 281 Testing 68 Tethered housing 211 Texas 53 Theory 205 Thyroid hormones 117 Time 60, 161, 286 Time allocation 328 Time and motion studies 345 Time series 40 Toxoids 110 Transfers 232, 360 Transit time 49 Transport of animals 308 Treatment 354 Trends 81, 94, 349 Tropical climate 108, 143 Tropical zones 230, 237 Tropics 108, 169 Type score 309 Types 317 U.S.A. 7, 14, 31, 44, 58, 67, 71, 173, 240, 277, 364, 365 Udders 11, 69, 114, 160, 220, 226, 310 Uk 81, 330 Ultrasound 357 United Kingdom 65, 87 United States 6, 20, 140, 140, 140, 316, 316 Unrestricted feeding 48, 50, 113 Upland areas 169, 230 Usda 67 Uterus 147 Utilization 168, 217 Vaccination 31, 110 Vacuum 286, 314 Vacuums 370 Validity 356 Vegetables 146 Ventilation 4, 146, 149, 150, 164, 165, 171, 182, 215, 270, 272, 307, 311, 343, 361, 367 Vermont 145, 226 Veterinary education 304 Veterinary pharmacology 20 Veterinary services 172 Viability 223 Victoria 107, 113, 249 Visitor centers 76 Volatile fatty acids 112, 126 Walking 25 Washing 161 Washington 85, 147, 183 Wastage 82 Waste disposal 183 Waste treatment 242 Water excretion 108 Water intake 51, 108, 141, 207, 289 Water quality 56, 219, 242 Water use 362 Weather 25, 121 Weather data 153 Welfare economics 9 West scotland 171 Wetting 264 Winter 102, 192, 318, 335, 361 Wisconsin 166, 276, 349 Yield forecasting 156 Yield response functions 230 Zero grazing 226, 326
The Animal Welfare Information Center, http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/contact.php
http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/oldbib/qb9515.htm, April 17, 1998