Housing, Husbandry, and Welfare of Beef CattleAnimal Welfare Information Center
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Compiled By:
D'Anna J.B. Jensen
Animal Welfare Information Center, Information Centers Branch
National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture
10301 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351
Jensen, D'Anna J.B. Housing, husbandry, and welfare of beef cattle. (Quick bibliography series ; 95-16) 1. Beef cattle--Bibliography. I. Title. aZ5071.N3 no.95-16
Set Description
S1 (BEEF OR FEEDER(W)CATTLE OR STOCK?(W)CATTLE OR
LIVESTOCK) AND (BOVINE OR BOS OR COW?? OR BULL?? OR
STEER?? OR HEIFER? OR CALF OR CALVE?? OR CATTLE OR
HERD?? OR PRODUCTION)
S2 S1 AND SH=(L100 OR L300 OR N100)
S3 S2 AND (HOUS? OR FACILIT? OR STRUCT? OR PEN?? OR
STALL?? OR CONFINE? OR STANCHION?? OR FREE(W)STALL?? OR
PARLOR?? OR FEEDLOT??)
S4 S1 AND STRESS?
S5 S4 NOT SH=L500
S6 S1 AND (WELFARE OR WELL(W)BEING OR HUMANE OR HANDL? OR
CARE)
S7 (S3+S5+S6)
S8 S7 AND PY=1985:1995
S9 RD (unique items)
1 NAL Call. No.: 107.6 H682 Development of experimental methods for air environment in livestock buildings. I. Filtration method for measuring bacterial aerosol concentration Hoshiba, S.; Tanaka, T.; Dohkoshi, J. Sapporo : Hokkaido Daigaku Nogaku-bu; 1985. Hokkaido Daigaku Nogaku-bu hobun kiyo; Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University v. 14 (4): p. 370-375. ill; 1985. Includes references. Language: Japanese Descriptors: Barns; Air spora; Bacteria; Filtration 2 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 Am32P 1990's technology for 1970's poultry and livestock buildings. Tucker, T.A.; Latz, G.I. II St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,; 1991. Paper / (913020): 11 p.; 1991. Paper presented at the "1991 International Summer Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," June 23-26, 1991, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Language: English Descriptors: Animal housing; Poultry housing; Environment; Lighting; Water; Feeding; Egg collectors 3 NAL Call. No.: SF51.F69 Agricide the hidden crisis that affects us all. Fox, Michael W., New York : Schocken Books,; 1986. xv, 194 p. [10] p. of plates : ill. ; 21 cm. Includes index. Bibliography: p. 185-189. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; United States; Animal industry; United States; Livestock factories; United States; Animals, Treatment of; United States; Agriculture; United States; Agricultural industries; United States; Agricultural ecology; United States; Agricultural pollution; United States; Food industry and trade; United States; Diet; United States; Animal welfare 4 NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6 Agricultural engineering. Schwarm, M.A. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1992 Nov. Agri-Practice v. 13 (10): p. 25-27; 1992 Nov. Language: English Descriptors: Kansas; Beef cattle; Farm buildings; Shelterbelts; Animal housing; Fencing 5 NAL Call. No.: 101 M144 Agricultural structures in the future. Barrington, S. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec : Macdonald Ext. Serv., Faculty of Agric, Macdonald Campus of McGill Univ; 1986 Nov. Macdonald journal v. 47 (4): p. 35; 1986 Nov. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Livestock housing; Environment; Stress 6 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1131 Animal agriculture myths & facts.. Animal agriculture, myths and facts Animal agriculture, myths & facts Animal Industry Foundation Arlington, Va. The Foundation,; 1990. 1 videocassette (18 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 pamphlet. Language: English Descriptors: Animal industry; Farmers; Livestock; Animal welfare Abstract: Features farmers showing cow/calf and feedlot cattle production, as well as turkey, hog, veal and egg production. 7 NAL Call. No.: TD224.I6W37 Animal agriculture's effect on water quality: pastures and feedlots. Sutton, A.L. West Lafayette, Ind. : School of Agriculture; 1990 Jul. Water quality (7): 3 p.; 1990 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Indiana; Animal wastes; Water quality; Livestock farming; Feedlots; Water pollution; Agricultural law 8 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B4 Animal behavior and welfare--the challenge to intensive production. Williams, C.M. Bryan, Tex. : Lang Printing; 1988. Beef cattle science handbook v. 22: p. 61-64; 1988. Language: English Descriptors: Intensive livestock farming; Animal behavior; Animal welfare; Public relations; Code of practice 9 NAL Call. No.: TP368.I7 Animal behaviour and environment in the dark-cutting condition in beef--a review. Tarrant, P.V. Dublin : An Foras Taluntais; 1989. Irish journal of food science and technology v. 13 (1): p. 1-21; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Animal behavior; Environment; Slaughter; Muscle tissue; Ph; Glycogen; Food quality Abstract: Dark cutting or high-pH meat is a persistent quality defect found in all meat species. Caused by a lack of normal acidification of meat during rigor development, dark- cutting is a direct consequence of low muscle glycogen at slaughter. Glycogen breakdown in muscle may be rapidly triggered by increased circulating adrenaline or by strenuous muscular activity. In addition, glycogen is slowly depleted during starvation. Any behaviour and environmetal circumstances that trigger one or more of these glycogen breakdown mechanisms will cause dark-cutting if the stress is allowed to persist for sufficient time. Mounting activity is the behaviour most closely associated with muscle glycogen depletion and dark-cutting in beef. This behaviour is stimulated by social regrouping, as in mixed penning of young bulls, and also by oestrus in groups of females. Lairage modifications aimed at reducing mounting activity during the preslaughter period have been successful. Short-haul road transport is not associated with dark-cutting in beef but there is evidence that some lambs may be affected, even by relatively short journeys. Long-haul road transport resulted in small increases in beef final pH and these may be reversed by resting and feeding before slaughter. Fasting did not cause dark-cutting in beef or lamb; however, it lowered muscle glycogen reserves, thus rendering an animal more susceptible to dark-cutting from additional sources of stress. Fasting also inhibited muscle glycogen resynthesis during recovery after stress. There is a good theoretical basis, although little experimental evidence, to link cold exposure with dark- cutting meat. The use of beta-agonists as growth promoters may increase the incidence of dark-cutting meat unless a sufficient withdrawal period before slaughter is observed. Rates of glycogen resynthesis are slower in ruminants than in monogastrics, probably due to the lower availability of glucose in ruminants. Although drug interventions were unsucces 10 NAL Call. No.: SF55.C2A5 Animal care livestock and poultry on today's farm. Kolkman, John Edmonton, Alberta : Christian Farmers, Federation of Alberta,; 1987. 23 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Cover title. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Poultry 11 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535 Animal handling. Grandin, T. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1987 Jul. The Veterinary clinic of North America : food animal practice v. 3 (2): p. 323-338. ill; 1987 Jul. In the series analytic: Farm animal behavior / edited by E.O. Price. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Handling; Stress; Movements; Facilities; Animal behavior 12 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V6456 Animal housing as perceived by the animal. Webster, A.J.F. London : Wright; 1989. The Veterinary annual (29): p. 1-8; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Animal housing; Perception; Animal welfare; Litter; Animal diseases; Hygiene; Stress; Psychological needs 13 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.E547 Animal housing: solar application. DeShazer, J.A.; Bodman, G.R. Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1991. Energy in world agriculture v. 4: p. 233-253; 1991. In the series analytic: Energy in World Agriculture / edited by B.F. Parker. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal housing; Solar heating; Solar energy; Heating systems; Livestock; Ventilation; Solar collectors 14 NAL Call. No.: SF191.F5 Animal performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers finished without backgrounding versus backgrounding prior to finishing. Bertrand, J.E.; Johnson, D.D. Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1988. Florida beef cattle research report - Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. p. 144-150; 1988. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Brahman; Crossbreds; Steers; Nutrition; Pasture management; Feedlots; Winter; Carcass quality; Dressing percentage 15 NAL Call. No.: 100 SO82S Animal stress research tied to 'making a living'. Thomson, J.; Parsons, J.; Males, J. Brookings, S.D. : The Station; 1992. South Dakota farm & home research - South Dakota, Agricultural Experiment Station v. 43 (3): p. 5-7; 1992. Language: English Descriptors: South Dakota; Livestock farming; Stress factors; Environmental factors; Animal diseases; Disease control; Agricultural research 16 NAL Call. No.: S1.A375 Animal welfare. Elliot, J.I. Ottawa : Agrican Publishers, Inc; 1986. Agrologist v. 15 (2): p. 10-11. ill; 1986. Language: English Descriptors: Canada; Animal welfare; Intensive livestock farming; Animal husbandry; Livestock sector; Philosophy 17 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 N483 Animal welfare considerations--pastoral animals. Kilgour, R. Wellington : New Zealand Veterinary Association; 1985 Apr. New Zealand veterinary journal v. 33 (4): p. 54-57; 1985 Apr. Literature review. Includes 34 references. Language: English Descriptors: New Zealand; Animal welfare; Pastoralism; Livestock farming 18 NAL Call. No.: 50.9 R24 Animal welfare--how to respond. Conklin, D.H.; Kauffman, R.G.; Calkins, C.R. Chicago, Ill. : National Live Stock and Meat Board; 1990. Proceedings - Annual Reciprocal Meat Conference of the American Meat Science Association (43rd): p. 21-30; 1990. Meeting held on June 10-13, 1990, Mississippi State, MS. Includes discussion, p. 22-30. Language: English Descriptors: Animal welfare; Beef production; Veal calves 19 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 AG83 Animal-tending controls fine tune environmental conditions. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1988 Nov. Agricultural engineering v. 69 (7): p. 6-9. ill; 1988 Nov. Language: English Descriptors: Environmental control; Equipment; Livestock; Animal housing; Ventilation; Temperature; Humidity; Evaporative cooling 20 NAL Call. No.: 281.8 C16 The application of multivariate stochastic dominance criteria to agricultural economic problems. Jeffrey, S.R.; Eidman, V.R. Ottawa : Canadian Agricultural Economics and Farm Management Society; 1991 Jul. Canadian journal of agricultural economics; Revue Canadienne d'economie rurale v. 39 (2): p. 193-209; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Minnesota; Dairy farming; Structural change; Risk; Multivariate analysis; Stochastic processes; Livestock numbers; Crop mixtures; Land use; Simulation models 21 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535 Arthropod-induced stress in livestock. Campbell, J.B. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1988 Nov. The Veterinary clinic of North America : food animal practice v. 4 (3): p. 551-555; 1988 Nov. In the series analytic: Stress and disease in cattle / edited by J.L. Howard. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Cattle; Stress; Arthropod pests; Diptera 22 NAL Call. No.: SF191.K4 Artificial inseminationfor the beef herd. Nichols, C.; Absher, C.; Miksch, D.; Heersche, G.; Gay, N. Lexington, Ky., The Service; 1986 Sep. ASC - University of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service v.): 5 p. ill; 1986 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Artificial insemination; Estrus; Synchronization; Semen; Handling; Costs; Returns 23 NAL Call. No.: SF55.A785L9 ASEAN Food Handling Project by D.J. Lyons.. Handling of livestock and livestock products in ASEAN 1978 to 1989 Lyons, D. J. Kuala Lumpur : ASEAN Food Handling Bureau,; 1990. vi, 48 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. "A review of the activities and achievements of the livestock components of the ASEAN Food Handling Project of the ASEAN-Australia Economic Co-operation Program"--P. i. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock projects; Livestock; Animal products 24 NAL Call. No.: HV4708.A874 1990 ASPCA update veal calf facts.. Veal calf facts American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals New York, N.Y. : American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, [1990?]; 1990. 1 sheet : ill. ; 28 cm. Caption title. Language: English Descriptors: Animal welfare; Veal industry 25 NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A77 Assessing pain by studuing posture, activity and function. Loeffler, K. Brussels : Directorate-General for Agriculture, Coordination of Agricultural Res; 1986. Assessing pain in farm animals : proceedings of a workshop held in Roslin, Scotland, 25 and 26 October 1984 / edited by I.J.H. Duncan, V. Molony. p. 49-57; 1986. (EUR ; 9742 EN). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Pain; Assessment; Locomotion; Posture; Animal behavior; Scales; Animal welfare 26 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 An assessment of carbon dioxide stunning in pigs. Gregory, N.G.; Moss, B.W.; Leeson, R.H. London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 Nov28. The Veterinary record v. 121 (22): p. 517-518; 1987 Nov28. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pigs; Abattoirs; Carbon dioxide; Stunning; Vocalization; Anesthesia; Reflexes; Carcass quality; Animal welfare; Stress 27 NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A77 Assessment of pain in animals : epistemological comments. Zayan, R. Brussels : Directorate-General for Agriculture, Coordination of Agricultural Res; 1986. Assessing pain in farm animals : proceedings of a workshop held in Roslin, Scotland, 25 and 26 October 1984 / edited by I.J.H. Duncan, V. Molony. p. 1-15; 1986. (EUR ; 9742 EN). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Pain; Assessment; Animal welfare; Consciousness 28 NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A54 1987b The assessment of welfare in diseased farm animals. Jackson, P.G.G. London : The Foundation, [1987?]; 1987. The proceedings of the BVA Animal Welfare Foundations' [sic] fifth symposium : entitled Animal disease--a welfare problem? : held on 18 November 1987 / edited by T.E. Gibson ; assistant editor, D.A. Paterson. p. 42-47; 1987. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal welfare; Livestock; Animal diseases; Veterinarians; Animal housing; Pain; Disease control 29 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG At present, livestock production more favorable in Imperial Valley. Guerrero, J.N.; Peterson, N.; Calderon, J.; Plasencia, A.; Gonzalez, R.A. Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California; 1991 Sep. California agriculture v. 45 (5): p. 18-21; 1991 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: California; Cattle husbandry; Production costs; Feedlots; Comparisons; Costs; Dairies 30 NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A34 The attainment of humane housing for farm livestock. Wood-Gush, D.G.M. Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1985. Advances in animal welfare science. p. 47-55. ill; 1985. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal husbandry; Animal welfare; Animal housing; Livestock 31 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 Automatic chemical applicators for cattle. McPhee, J.E.; Hirst, D.J. London : Academic Press; 1992 Jul. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 52 (3): p. 215-227; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Cattle; Chemical treatment; Parasites; Control methods Abstract: Mustering and other cattle management operations are a significant cost for beef producers on extensive properties in northern Australia. As a result, a range of cattle handling equipment has been developed which uses animal behaviour patterns to simplify some tasks. Two "animal- powered" devices were developed to automatically apply parasite control chemicals to cattle as they passed through one-directional spear gates. Both applicators were based on wheel-driven pumps, and dispensed chemicals in proportion to the length of contact between the device and the animal's body. Application rates were within 10% of existing recommendations for animals in the most common weight range of 250-500 kg. The applicators were simple to install and remove, allowing easy transfer between sites. 32 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.K4K42 Beef cattle corrals and handling facilities. Burris, R.; Absher, C.; McNeill, S.; Turner, L. Lexington : The Service; 1986 Apr. ID - University of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service v.): 7 p. ill; 1986 Apr. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Chutes; Layout and planning 33 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B39 Beef cattle handling facilities. Saskatchewan, Family Farm Improvement Branch Regina, Canada : Saskatchewan Agriculture, Family Farm Improvement Branch, [1985?]; 1985. 9 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Cover title. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Handling; Equipment and supplies 34 NAL Call. No.: SF13.M3A5 Beef cattle handling facilities. Thrift, F.A. College Park, Md. : Cooperative Extension Service, University of Maryland; 1992 Nov. Animal agriculture update newsletter / v. 7 (6): p. 5; 1992 Nov. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Handling machinery 35 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Beef cattle housing and facilities--Jaunary 1979 - August 1990. Swanson, J.C. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1990 Nov. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (91-20): 12 p.; 1990 Nov. Bibliography. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Cattle housing; Cattle manure; Slatted floors 36 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P Beef cattle housing in Quebec climate. Marquis, A.; Godbout, S. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-4027): 10 p.; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International Summer Meeting sponsored by the American Agricultural Engineers and the Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering, June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, Canada. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Quebec; Beef cattle; Animal housing; Farm buildings 37 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Beef cattle performance on slotted floors: manger space allotment. Morrison, S.R.; Zinn, R.A. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1985. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 85-4522): 6 p. ill; 1985. Paper presented at the 1985 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Cattle housing; Housing density; Slatted floors; Performance testing; Mangers; Space requirements 38 NAL Call. No.: 100 M69MI Beef cattle study mimics real world of producers. Broadway, R. Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1992 Feb. MAFES research highlights - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station v. 55 (2): p. 5; 1992 Feb. Language: English Descriptors: Mississippi; Beef cattle; Breeding programs; Feedlots; Liveweight gain 39 NAL Call. No.: aS21.R44A7 Beef facilities and management at MARC. Hays, W.G.; Ross, G.S. Clay Center, Neb. : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; 1993 May. ARS / (71): p. 1-2; 1993 May. In the series analytic: Beef research progress report no. 4. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Agricultural research; Management 40 NAL Call. No.: SF206.B4 1987 Beef housing and equipment handbook., 4th ed.. Midwest Plan Service Ames, Iowa : Midwest Plan Service, 1987; 1987. 1 v. (various pagings) : ill. ; 28 cm. Cover title. MWPS-6. Includes index. Bibliography: p. 13.1.. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Housing; Handbooks, manuals, etc; Beef cattle; Equipment and supplies; Handbooks, manuals, etc 41 NAL Call. No.: HD1775.A2A5 Beef industry faces complex issues. Powell, B. Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1992. Alabama agribusiness - Auburn University, Alabama Cooperative Extension Service v. 30 (4): p. 1-3; 1992. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Beef production; Food industry; Environmental protection; Animal welfare; Food safety; Consumer attitudes 42 NAL Call. No.: aHD9433.U52D83 Beefpacking and processing plants computer-assisted cost analysis. Duewer, Lawrence A.; Nelson, K. E. United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Commodity Economics Division Washington, DC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Commodity Economics Division ; Rockville, MD : ERS-NASS [distributor,; 1991. v, 71 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (ERS staff report ; no. AGES 9115.). Cover title. April 19 91. Includes bibliographical references (p. 28). Language: English Descriptors: Beef industry; Packing-houses; Slaughtering and slaughter-houses; Food processing plants 43 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Behavior of cattle in pens exposed to +/-500 kV DC transmission lines. Ganskopp, D.; Raleigh, R.; Schott, M.; Bracken, T.D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Apr. Applied animal behaviour science v. 30 (1/2): p. 1-16; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Animal behavior; Power lines; Exposure; Electric current; Stray voltage; Noise 44 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Behavioral and physiological effects of freeze or hot-iron branding on crossbred cattle. Lay, D.C. Jr; Friend, T.H.; Randel, R.D.; Bowers, C.L.; Grissom, K.K.; Jenkins, O.C. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 70 (2): p. 330-336; 1992 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Branding; Freezing; Blood plasma; Epinephrine; Heart rate; Norepinephrine; Hydrocortisone; Stress; Skin temperature; Pain; Animal welfare Abstract: Twenty-seven crossbred calves (1/2 Simmental, 1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Brahman) averaging 257 +/- 11 d of age were either hot-iron-branded (H), freeze-branded (F), or sham- branded (S). Calves were blocked for temperament, weight, and sex and were randomly assigned to day and order in which treatments were applied. To reduce stress from handling at treatment time, each calf was herded through the squeeze chute daily for 5 d before the experiment. Jugular cannulas were inserted in each calf 1 d before application of treatment. Blood samples and heart rate measures were obtained at -5, -3, 0, .5, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min after application of the treatments. Mean concentrations of plasma epinephrine (EPI) were higher for H calves at time .5 min than for either S or F calves (P = .10). To account for individual differences, prebranding heart rates and hormone concentrations were subtracted from subsequent samples and were also used to calculate a proportion for each subsequent sample. Analyses of subtracted values found that EPI concentrations were greater for H calves than for either S or F calves (P = .007) at .5 min postbranding. No other differences were found for the subtracted analyses. Analyses of proportion data also revealed that H calves had greater EPI than did either S or F calves (P = .027) at .5 min postbranding. Only three animals vocalized during branding, one H calf and two F calves. Despite the 5-d acclimation period, handling and restraint elevated plasma cortisol concentrations and heart rate. Because restraint elevated physiological indicators of stress, possible treatment differences may have been masked. The greater epinephrine response experienced by H calves indicates a higher momentary pain sensation than that experienced by either S or F calves. 45 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3) Behavioral patterns of feedlot steers. Hicks, R.B.; Owens, F.N.; Gill, D.R. Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1989 Jun. Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University (127): p. 94-105; 1989 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Crossbreds; Feeding behavior; Liveweight gains; Diurnal variation 46 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 The behaviour and bruising of cattle during transport at different space allowances. Eldridge, G.A.; Winfield, C.G. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 28 (6): p. 695-698; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Beef cattle; Transport of animals; Animal behavior; Bruising; Distance travelled; Abattoirs; Handling; Spacing; Space requirements; Carcass quality 47 NAL Call. No.: HD1773.A3N6 A bioeconomic analysis of bovine respiratory disease complex. Nyamusika, N.; Spreen, T.H.; Rae, O.; Moss, C. Manhattan, Kan. : Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University; 1994 Jan. Review of agricultural economics v. 16 (1): p. 39-53; 1994 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Beef cattle; Calf production; Bovine respiratory syncytial virus; Disease control; Vaccination; Returns; Economic analysis; Mathematical models; Mortality; Liveweight gain; Agricultural regions; Probability Abstract: Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRDC) is an important disease affecting both beef and dairy cattle produced in confinement operations. A bioeconomic model of BRDC is developed for a typical Midwestern feedlot. Using vaccine efficacy rates found in the veterinary science literature, significant returns to vaccination are estimated. 48 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 A bioeconomic model for comparing beef cattle genotypes at their optimal economic slaughter end point. Amer, P.R.; Kemp, R.A.; Buchanan-Smith, J.G.; Fox, G.C.; Smith, C. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1994 Jan. Journal of animal science v. 72 (1): p. 38-50; 1994 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Genotypes; Feedlots; Optimization; Econometric models; Slaughter Abstract: A bioeconomic model of a feedlot was developed for the comparison of beef cattle genotypes under specified management and marketing conditions. The optimization behavior of commercial feedlot managers is incorporated into the model using optimum economic rotation theory. The days spent in the feedlot (rotation) by a group of animals are derived using this theory so as to maximize an objective function. Differences among breeds in the present value of profits from a single rotation, expressed per animal, represent the expected price premium paid for a feeder animal of a particular breed. Feed requirements and growth rates for a genotype are predicted over time for a specified diet from estimated mature size. Estimates of carcass fatness over time as a function of the energy content of the diet and estimates of dressing percentage over time are used for each genotype. A base model is described that incorporates biological parameters estimated for 11 breeds from a major breed comparison experiment and uses prices of inputs and outputs for Ontario feedlots. Sensitivity of the model to these biological and economic assumptions is shown. When breeds are compared at constant days fed, weight, or fat depth slaughter points, rankings are inconsistent, relative to those when each breed is slaughtered at its optimal economic point. The model can be used to establish appropriate slaughter end points for comparing beef cattle breeds and crosses and to evaluate breeding objectives for feedlot traits in genetic improvement programs. 49 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.199 Biotechnology briefing Technology Transfer and Assessment Staff ; David Berkowitz [and] Daniel Jones.. Technology Transfer and Assessment Staff seminars on Biotechnology Jones, Daniel; Cross, H. Russell; Bolt, Douglas J.; Wall, Robert; Hansen, J.; Barbeito, Manuel United States, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Technology Transfer and Assessment Staff Washington : D.C.? : USDA, The Staff,; 1987. 6 videocassettes (VHS) (317 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 brief sheet. "Tuesday, March 17, 1987, Room 4434, South Building"--Brief sheet. Brief sheet title. Title on container: Technology Transfer and Assessment Staff seminars on biotechnology. Language: English Descriptors: Biotechnology; Congresses; Genetic engineering; Congresses; Animals; Inspection; United States; Animal welfare 50 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Blood and serum components and organ weights in steers, bulls and zeranol-implanted bulls. Doornenbal, H.; Tong, A.K.W.; Newman, J.A.; Murray, N.L.; Mears, G.J. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1987 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 64 (2): p. 489-496; 1987 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Bulls; Steers; Zeranol; Blood composition; Organs; Castration; Growth; Carcass quality; Stress 51 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 SO8 Blood biochemical parameters and meat pH of feedlot cattle slaughtered on arrival or after overnight rest at an abattoir. Grosskopf, J.F.W.; Meltzer, D.G.A.; Van Den Heever, L.W.; Collett, F.A.; Van Rensburg, J.J.; Mulders, M.S.; Lombard, M.S. Pretoria : The Association; 1988 Sep. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association v. 59 (3): p. 149-152; 1988 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Feedlots; Slaughter; Blood chemistry; Ph; Beef; Abattoirs; Rest; Summer; Winter; Brahman; Stress 52 NAL Call. No.: 100 N27M Calving and stress hormones of calves. Rainforth, L.; Knott, M.; Clemens, E. Lincoln, Neb. : The Station; 1990 Oct. MP - University of Nebraska, Agricultural Experiment Station (56): p. 13-15; 1990 Oct. In the series analytic: 1991 Beef Cattle Report. Language: English Descriptors: Dystocia; Heifers; Calves; Dams (mothers); Calving; Stress; Maternal effects; Epinephrine; Transfer; Fetus; Blood plasma; Catecholamines; Gastrin 53 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Carcass traits and the occurrence of dark cutters in pregnant and nonpregnant feedlot heifers. Kreikemeier, K.K.; Unruh, J.A. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1993 Jul. Journal of animal science v. 71 (7): p. 1699-1703; 1993 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kansas; Cabt; Beef cows; Bred heifers; Heifers; Pregnancy; Dark cutting meat; Carcass composition; Carcass quality Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine whether the occurrence of dark cutters and selected carcass traits differ between pregnant and nonpregnant feedlot heifers. Feedlot heifers (n = 8,292) were identified at slaughter as being either nonpregnant, pregnant with a moderate-sized fetus (midgestation), or pregnant with a large fetus (late gestation). This was based on visual appraisal of a gravid uterus at the evisceration table. After chilling (24 to 72 h), carcass data were collected. Cattle originated from 23 different commercial feedyards located within a 350-km radius of a commercial slaughter facility located in southwest Kansas. Across slaughter lots, the incidence of pregnancy varied from 0 to 25% with an overall mean of 4.74%. Carcass traits of heifers with moderate or large fetuses did not differ (P > .15). Compared with carcasses from nonpregnant heifers, carcasses from pregnant heifers were 4.5 kg lighter (P < .01), had .11 cm more fat thickness (P < .01), and exceeded the number of carcasses that graded Choice or Prime by 6% (P < .01). Carcasses from pregnant heifers had higher maturity scores (P < .01) and there was no incidence of dark cutters (P < .01) compared with a 1.7% incidence of dark cutters in carcasses from nonpregnant heifers. Any economical advantage in the pregnant heifers due to their higher percentage of Choice carcasses and lower incidence of dark cutters may be offset by their increased carcass fat thickness and lower dressing percentage. 54 NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A34 Cardiac arrest stunning of livestock and poultry. Grandin, T. Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1985. Advances in animal welfare science. p. 1-30; 1985. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Poultry; Heart diseases; Pain; Animal welfare; Stunning; Immobilization 55 NAL Call. No.: SF196.U5C3 The Care and handling of beef animals in the United States today a position paper. American National CattleWomen Englewood, CO : American National CattleWomen, [1988?]; 1988. 21 leaves ; 29 cm. Bibliography: leaves 19-20. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; United States; Animals, Treatment of; United States 56 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M58B Cattle behavior during handling & corral design for beef cow herds. Grandin, T. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1991 Dec. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State University (2996): 10 p.; 1991 Dec. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Fencing; Animal behavior; Vision 57 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.422 Cattle handling and transportation produced for the USDA Office of Transportation by the Livestock Conservation Institute.. Livestock handling guide Livestock trucking guide Grandin, Temple; Hoke, Karl E. United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Office of Transportation, Livestock Conservation Institute Amarillo, Tex. : The Institute,; 1988. 1 videocassette (18 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 2 booklets. (Livestock handling & transportation). VHS format. Booklets are entitled Livestock handling guide and Livestock trucking guide. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Handling; Cattle; Transportation; Cattle; Behavior; Animal welfare 58 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Cattle handling at abattoirs. I. The effects of rest and resting conditions before slaughter and of electrical stimulation of carcasses on carcass weight and muscle properties. Wythes, J.R.; Shorthose, W.R.; Powell, V.H. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 39 (1): p. 87-95; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Cattle; Abattoirs; Handling; Bruising; Stress; Rest; Slaughter; Carcasses; Carcass weight; Muscles; Electrical treatment; Stimulation; Carcass quality; Physico-chemical properties 59 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Cattle handling at abattoirs. II. The effects of rest in transit and duration of the resting period before slaughter on carcass weight, bruising and muscle properties. Wythes, J.R.; Arthur, R.J.; Dodt, R.M.; Shorthose, W.R. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 39 (1): p. 97-107; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Cattle; Abattoirs; Handling; Transport of animals; Bruising; Stress; Rest; Slaughter; Carcasses; Carcass weight; Muscles; Carcass quality; Physico- chemical properties 60 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Cattle handling at abattoirs. III. The effects of feeding, and of different feeds, during the resting period before slaughter on liveweight, carcasses and muscle properties. Wythes, J.R.; Round, P.J.; Johnston, G.N.; Smith, P.C. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1989. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 40 (5): p. 1099-1109; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Beef cattle; Brahman; Hereford; Shorthorn; Feeding; Alfalfa hay; Rice straw; Liveweight; Abattoirs; Carcass weight; Dressing percentage; Meat quality; Muscle tissue 61 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Cattle temperaments in extensive beef herds in northern Queensland. 1. Factors affecting temperament. Fordyce, G.; Dodt, R.M.; Wythes, J.R. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 28 (6): p. 683-687; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Beef cattle; Shorthorn; Brahman; Herds; Temperament; Animal behavior; Age; Growth rate; Pregnancy; Handling; Cattle husbandry; Management 62 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Cattle temperaments in extensive beef herds in northern Queensland. 2. Effect of temperament on carcass and meat quality. Fordyce, G.; Wythes, J.R.; Shorthose, W.R.; Underwood, D.W.; Shepherd, R.K. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 28 (6): p. 689-693; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Beef cattle; Steers; Cows; Temperament; Herds; Carcass quality; Meat quality; Stress; Ph; Flavors; Tenderness; Water holding capacity; Keeping quality 63 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P Characterizing livestock stress "by the numbers". Hahn, G.L.; Chen, Y.R.; Nienaber, J.A.; Eigenberg, R.A. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1990. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (90-4508): 13 p.; 1990. Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," December 18-21, 1990, Chicago Illinois. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Feed intake; Thermoregulation; Fractionation; Cattle 64 NAL Call. No.: aS21.R44A7 Characterizing stress in feeder cattle. Hahn, G.L.; Nienaber, J.A. Clay Center, Neb. : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; 1993 May. ARS / (71): p. 146-148; 1993 May. In the series analytic: Beef research progress report no. 4. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Feedlots; Heat stress; Body temperature; Environmental temperature; Feed intake; Methodology 65 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Chemically mediated interactions between woody plants and browsing mammals. Bryant, J.P.; Reichardt, P.B.; Clausen, T.P. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 Jan. Journal of range management v. 45 (1): p. 18-24; 1992 Jan. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Ingestion of Poisonous Plants by Livestock," February 15, 1990, Reno, Nevada. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mammals; Herbivores; Plant composition; Secondary metabolites; Woody plants; Browsing; Forage; Defense mechanisms; Tannins; Environmental factors; Digestion; Browsing damage; Regrowth Abstract: A diverse array of secondary metabolites deters feeding by mammals on woody plants. However, not all secondary metabolites are equally deterrent and the potencies of these substances as antifeedants is related to their structures. Although the physiological reason underlying deterrence by secondary metabolites is not well understood, the available evidence indicates that toxicity is more important than digestion inhibition. Resource limitation influences the production of secondary metabolites by woody plants. Species that are adapted to unproductive habitats are more chemically defended than species that are adapted to productive habitats. Resource limitation also affects the phenotypic expression of chemical defense with nutrient stress favoring increased production of carbon-based secondary metabolites and reduced production of nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites. Light stress has the opposite effects on the production of these substances. Herbivory by mammals also affects the chemical defenses of woody plants. In some cases browsing results in increased defense and in others decreased defense. Three circumstances under which browsing by mammals can change the chemical defenses of woody plants are discussed. 66 NAL Call. No.: SF207.M25 Choosing a beef bull hill farming 86 Bala, Gwynedd, June 4-5 1986. Mathewson, G. K. Great Britain, Agricultural Development and Advisory Service Aberystwyth? : ADAS,; 1986. 10 p. ; 21 cm. Cover title. Bibliography: p. 10. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Bulls; Animal welfare 67 NAL Call. No.: SF85.4.A9G72 1985 Codes of conduct for grazing animal welfare: the graziers' view. Peart, W.J. Indooroopilly, QLD : Australian Veterinary Association (Queensland Division); 1985. Grazing Animal Welfare Symposium : proceedings of a symposium held at the Bardon Professional Development Centre, Brisbane, on April 26th and 27th, 1985 / [editors: Brian L. Moore and Peter J. Chenoweth]. p. 170-173; 1985. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Livestock; Animal production; Animal husbandry; Grazing; Drought; Ethics; Animal welfare 68 NAL Call. No.: 101 AL1A Cold weather calving: metabolic heat production and thermostability. Young, B.A.; Okamoto, M.; Robinson, J.B.; Christopherson, R.J. Edmonton : The Faculty; 1986. Agriculture & forestry bulletin - Alberta University. Faculty of Extension (special issue): p. 11-13; 1986. Paper presented at the 65th Annual Feeders' Day Report, July, 1986, University of Alberta, Canada. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Cold stress; Losses; Heat production; Metabolism; Heat stability; Newborn animals 69 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 SO85C Cold weather care of calves. Brookings, S.D. : The Service; 1987 Dec. South Dakota D.H.I.A. news - South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service. p. 3; 1987 Dec. Language: English Descriptors: South Dakota; Calves; Cold stress; Livestock housing; Weaning 70 NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6 Comparison of ceftiofur with various antibiotic- sulfadimethoxine combinations for the treatment of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease. Hansen, D.E.; Campbell, C.B.; Boyle, J.M.; Stefanides, N.; Whitsett, D.; Williams, G. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1993 Mar. Agri-Practice v. 14 (3): p. 13-17; 1993 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Oregon; Beef cattle; Respiratory diseases; Antibiotics; Sulfadimethoxine; Feedlots 71 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P Comparison of fresh air inlets in small livestock rooms. Turnbull, J.E.; Kains, F.I.; Wolynetz, M.S. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-4522): 24 p.; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International Winter Meeting, December 12-15, 1989, New Orleans, Louisiana. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ventilation; Animal housing; Pigs 72 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Comparison of intensive and conventional grazing management of two forage species. II. Postweaning feedlot performance of steers. Fisher, J.C.; Bolze, R.P.; Loerch, S.C. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1990 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (90-2): p. 124-131; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Fattening performance; Postweaning interval; Compensatory growth; Grazing; Liveweight; Dry matter; Creep feeding 73 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55 A comparison of the early behaviour of intensively and extensively reared calves. Kerr, S.G.C.; Wood-Gush, D.G.M. Neston, South Wirral, England : British Society of Animal Production; 1987 Oct. Animal production v. 45 (pt.2): p. 181-190; 1987 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Animal behavior; Intensive livestock farming; Extensive livestock farming; Calf housing; Animal welfare 74 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 A computer program for designing livestock ventilation systems. House, H.K.; Huffman, H.E. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1987. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 87-4039): 13 p.; 1987. Paper presented at the 1987 Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Computer applications; Animal housing; Ventilation; Systems; Design; Heating systems 75 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3 Computer simulation of monitoring herd productivity under extensive conditions: sampling error of herd size and offtake rate. Baptist, R. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1987. Agricultural systems v. 24 (3): p. 199-210; 1987. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Extensive livestock farming; Pastoralism; Herds; Herd structure; Productivity; Computer simulation; Animal husbandry; Culling; Herd size 76 NAL Call. No.: SF1.F64 no.97 Construction and operation of medium-sized abattoirs in developing countries. Veall, Frederick Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,; 1992. xiii, 199 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. (FAO animal production and health paper ; 97). Language: English Descriptors: Slaughtering and slaughter-houses; Livestock 77 NAL Call. No.: 100 N465R no.587 Consumer acceptance of beef from animals fed various levels of feed concentrate in feedlot diets. New Mexico State University, Agricultural Experiment Station Las Cruces, N.M. : New Mexico State University, Agricultural Experiment Station,; 1986. 28 p. ; 28 cm. (Western regional publication ; 7 Research report ; 587). Caption title. Bibliography: p. 17. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Feeding and feeds; Food preferences; Consumers' preferences 78 NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A34 Contribution to a concept of behavioral abnormality in farm animals under confinement. Luescher, U.A.; Hurnik, J.F. Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1986-1987. Advances in animal welfare science. p. 67-76; 1986-1987. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Abnormal behavior; Livestock housing; Housing density; Phylogeny; Ontogeny 79 NAL Call. No.: aHD9001.N275 Controversy over livestock growth hormones continues. Blayney, D.P.; Fallert, R.F.; Shagam, S.D. Washington, D.C. : Commodity Economics Division, Economic Research Service, USDA; 1991 Oct. FoodReview v. 14 (4): p. 6-9; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Somatotropin; Food and nutrition controversies; Food safety; Food biotechnology; Farm structure; Surpluses; Animal welfare Abstract: At the forefront of biotechnology in animal agriculture is the experimental use of somatotropin, growth hormones that occur naturally in animals. The safety, positive and negative implication surrounding the controversy over the use of bovine somatotropin use for milk production are discussed. 80 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B67 1993 Corrals for handling beef cattle. Borg, Robert Edmonton : Publishing Branch, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development,; 1993. 91 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. "Agdex 420/723-1"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91). Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Cattle pens 81 NAL Call. No.: aHD1401.J68 Cost, supply, and farm structure: a pedagogical note. Teigen, L.D. Washington, D.C : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service : [Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., distributor], 1987-; 1993. Journal of agricultural economics research v. 45 (1): p. 27-32; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Dairy farms; Production costs; Production functions; Marginal analysis; Structural change; Economic dualism; Livestock numbers Abstract: Starting with an individual firm and its quadratic production function, this paper derives all related functions: marginal and average cost, supply, profit, and input demand. Since derivatives in other functions correspond to parameters of the quadratic, the results generalize. Explicit aggregation from firm to market shows that properly specified aggregate functions depend on firm numbers. To illustrate the results, marginal and average cost functions for several dairy farms are drawn to scale, noting that large farms get more output per cow than small farms. Juxtaposing the cost curves with trends in dairy farms by size shows the link between firm- level profit and structural change. 82 NAL Call. No.: 1 Ag84Te no.1704 Costs of retail beef-handling systems a modeling approach. Duewer, Lawrence A. United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service : [Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., distributor],; 1985. v, 55 p. ; 28 cm.. (Technical bulletin / United States. Dept. of Agriculture ; no. 1704). Cover title. Distributed to depository libraries in microfiche. "June 1985"--P. i. Bibliography: p. 29. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Data processing; Beef packers; Data processing 83 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.K4K42 Creep grazing for beef calves. Rice, H.B.; Absher, C.; Turner, L. Lexington : The Service; 1987 Apr. ID - University of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service (76): 4 p. ill., maps; 1987 Apr. Language: English Descriptors: Kentucky; Calves; Beef cattle; Creep grazing; Fences; Stocking rate; Gates 84 NAL Call. No.: SF75.2.C84 1988 El Cuidado de los animales [Care of livestock]., 1. ed.. Mexico, D.F. : Arbol editorial,; 1988. 192, [1] p. : ill. ; 21 cm. Language: Spanish Descriptors: Livestock 85 NAL Call. No.: KF27.A366 1988 Dairy Production Termination Enforcement Act of 1988 hearing before the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, on H.R. 3870, March 2, 1988. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Washington, [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1988; Y 4.Ag 8/1:100-59. iii, 41 p. : forms ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Serial no. 100-59. Language: English; English Descriptors: Dairying; Economic aspects; United States; Milk production; Government policy; United States; Dairy laws; United States 86 NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A34 The definition, current knowledge and implementation of welfare for farm animals--a personal view. Kilgour, R. Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1985. Advances in animal welfare science. p. 31-46; 1985. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Poultry; Animal welfare; Implementation of research; Guidelines 87 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.844 Dehorning beef cattle produced by Ron Davis and Fred Nelson. Davis, Ron; Nelson, Fred Vocational Education Productions, Da-Nel Productions California? : Da-Nel Productions ; [San Luis Obispo, Calif.?] : Vocational Education Productions,; 1985. 1 videocassette (25 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. VHS. Language: English Descriptors: Dehorning; Animal welfare 88 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Design and contruction effects on cattle waterer energy use. Anderson, V.L.; Johnson, D. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1987. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 87-4081): 17 p. ill; 1987. Paper presented at the 1987 Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock housing; Drinkers; Design; Performance testing; Electrical energy; Energy consumption 89 NAL Call. No.: SF779.5.A1B6 The design of feeding barriers and managers and its effect on incidence of injuries and feed wastage. Cermak, J. Stillwater, Okla. : American Association of Bovine Practitioners; 1988 Nov. The Bovine practitioner (23): p. 74-75; 1988 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Heifers; Dairy cows; Beef bulls; Managers; Animal feeding; Barriers; Design; Injuries; Incidence; Feeds; Wastage 90 NAL Call. No.: S671.M47 no.73/85 The Design of livestock buildings for natural ventilation the theoretical basis and a rational design method. Down, M. J. University of Melbourne, Dept. of Civil and Agricultural Engineering Parkville, Vic., Australia : University of Melbourne, Department of Civil and Agricultural Engineering,; 1985. ix, 112 p. : ill. ; 29 cm. (Agricultural engineering report, no. 73/85). RR/AGR/03/85. September 1985. Bibliography: p. 111-112. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Housing; Ventilation 91 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32 Does Sahelian pastoral development include range management?. Greenwood, G.B. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1986 Dec. Rangelands v. 8 (6): p. 259-264. ill; 1986 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sahel; Livestock; Pastoralism; Development; Range management; Animal production; Technology transfers; Production structure; Pastoral society; Land capability 92 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Dose-response effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin implants on feedlot performance in steers. Dalke, B.S.; Roeder, R.A.; Kasser, T.R.; Veenhuizen, J.J.; Hunt, C.W.; Hinman, D.D.; Schelling, G.T. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Jul. Journal of animal science v. 70 (7): p. 2130-2137; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Somatotropin; Dosage effects; Insulin-like growth factor; Growth; Performance; Carcass composition; Blood serum Abstract: One hundred twenty crossbred beef steers averaging 377 kg were used in a 2 X 4 factorial experiment to determine the dose-response effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) implants on growth performance and carcass characteristics. The implant dosages were 0 (sham), 40, 80, or 160 mg/wk administered s.c. in the tailhead region on a weekly basis throughout the experiment. The steers were fed a high- concentrate diet, which contained either a degradable (DP; soybean meal) or an escape (EP; corn gluten and blood meal) protein source. No dietary protein effect or dietary protein X rbST level interactions were detected. Recombinant bST decreased both DMI (P < .10) and feed/gain (P < .05) in a linear dose-dependent manner. Dosage of rbST did not significantly affect (P > .10) ADG or final weight of the steers. Recombinant bST decreased backfat depth (P < .10), marbling score (P < .05), and quality grade (P < .10) and increased yield grade (P < .10) in a linear dose-dependent manner. Soft tissue composition of the 9-10-11th rib section was altered (P < .01) by rbST administration in a linear dose- dependent manner. The percentage of protein in the rib section was increased by 9.4% and fat was decreased by 11.8% at the 160 mg/wk rbST level compared with the sham-implanted steers. Recombinant bST did not affect (P > .10) dressing percentage, hot carcass weight, kidney, pelvic, and heart fat, or longissimus muscle area. Serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations in the steers exhibited a linear response to dosage of rbST (P < .01). These data indicate that rbST is an efficacious method of improving feedlot performance and partitioning nutrient deposition in feedlot steers. 93 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 Double rail restrainer conveyor for livestock handling. Grandin, T. London : Academic Press; 1988 Dec. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 41 (4): p. 327-338. ill; 1988 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Calves; Livestock; Handling; Slaughtering equipment; Conveyors; Restraint of animals; Stunning; Automatic control; Agricultural engineering 94 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 Am32P Double rail restrainer for handling beef cattle. Grandin, T. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,; 1991. Paper / (915004): 15 p.; 1991. Paper presented at the "1991 International Summer Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," June 23-26, 1991, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Slaughter; Restraint of animals 95 NAL Call. No.: 280.8 J822 Dynamic animal economics. Rosen, S. Ames, Iowa : American Agricultural Economics Association; 1987 Aug. American journal of agricultural economics v. 69 (3): p. 547-557; 1987 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle husbandry; Herd structure; Livestock number; Supply response; Inventories; Pigs; Cobweb models 96 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3 An economic and environmental assessment of alternative forage-resource production systems: a goal-programming approach. Fiske, W.A.; D'Souza, G.E.; Fletcher, J.J.; Phipps, T.T.; Bryan, W.B.; Prigg, E.C. Oxford : Elsevier Applied Science; 1994. Agricultural systems v. 45 (3): p. 259-270; 1994. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: West Virginia; Cabt; Beef cattle; Calf production; Profitability; Risk; Environmental impact; Algorithms; Production structure; Decision making 97 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Economic evaluation of heterosis and culling policies for lifetime productivity in Hereford, Angus, Shorthorn, and crossbred cows. Nunez-Dominguez, R.; Dickerson, G.E.; Cundiff, L.V.; Gregory, K.E.; Koch, R.M. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Aug. Journal of animal science v. 70 (8): p. 2328-2337; 1992 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Heterosis; Culling; Herd structure; Economic evaluation; Heifers; Crossbreds; Breed differences; Costs; Female fertility Abstract: Experimental lifetime performance data obtained from 156 straightbred Hereford, Angus, and Shorthorn and 172 first-cross heifers were used to estimate heterosis for economic efficiency in a 100-cow herd at age equilibrium under three culling policies and at terminal ages from 6 to 12 yr. All nonpregnant heifers and cows > 9 yr of age were culled. The culling policy for removal of nonpregnant cows from second parity through 9 yr of age were 1) no culling, 2) after two consecutive years (actual), and 3) all (imposed). Efficiency was calculated as input cost per unit of output value. A 10-yr average was used for costs of replacement heifers, cow units, and the ratio of calf-cull cow prices (PR), plus higher and lower PR. Input included costs for both cow units and purchased replacements. Output value included both weaned calves and cull cows. Optimum terminal age was mainly a function of PR: 9 yr for average and high PR, but 6 through 9 yr when PR was low, regardless of culling policy or breed groups. Efficiency differences among culling policies were small for high or average PR, but more culling for infertility was beneficial when PR was low. Estimated reductions in unit costs of output value under any culling policy or terminal age were approximately 6% from crossbred cows plus another 6% from crossbred calves, or a total of 12% from specific three-breed crossing of these British breeds. Cost reductions would be somewhat less for rotation crossbreeding but greater for mating smaller crossbred cows with sires of superior growth- carcass breeds. 98 NAL Call. No.: 100 C71S (3) The economics of fed beef production in Colorado. Madsen, A.G.; Gee, C.K. Fort Collins : The Station; 1986 Jan. Technical bulletin - Colorado State University Experiment Station (86-2): 32 p.; 1986 Jan. Includes statistical data. Language: English Descriptors: Colorado; Beef production; Cattle fattening; Feedlots; Facilities; Equipment; Economic analysis 99 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 The effect of age and method of castration on plasma cortisol in beef calves. King, B.D.; Cohen, R.D.H.; Guenther, C.L.; Janzen, E.D. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 Jun. Canadian journal of animal science v. 71 (2): p. 257-263; 1991 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Castration; Age differences; Hydrocortisone; Blood plasma; Stress; Liveweight gain 100 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effect of an implant of trenbolone acetate and estradiol on growth, feed efficiency, and carcass composition of Holstein and beef steers. Perry, T.C.; Fox, D.G.; Beermann, D.H. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Dec. Journal of animal science v. 69 (12): p. 4696-4702; 1991 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Steers; Trenbolone; Estradiol; Liveweight gain; Feed conversion; Breed differences; Carcass composition; Sensory evaluation Abstract: The effects of an implant of 140 mg of trenbolone acetate and 28 mg of estradiol (TBA + E2) on performance and carcass composition were evaluated with 72 individually fed steers. Holstein (n = 24), Angus (n = 24), and Angus X Simmental (n = 24) steer calves were allocated by breed and implant treatment to either an individual feeding pen (n = 36) or an electronic feeding door in a group pen (three pens with 12 animals per pen). Intake and refusal of the 85% concentrate diet were recorded daily. Animals were slaughtered when ultrasonic attenuation values of the longissimus muscle at the 12th rib reached .55, which is correlated with low Choice marbling. At slaughter, complete carcass measurements were taken and the right side of each carcass was separated into boneless wholesale cuts. Implanting with TBA + E2 improved (P < .01) daily gain and feed efficiency. Daily gain was increased 17, 26, and 21% in Holstein, Angus, and crossbred steers, respectively. The implant increased overall daily protein and fat accretion 23%. Carcass conformation and dressing percentage were not affected (P > .05) by TBA + E2 treatment. Implantation with TBA + E2 had little effect on yield of wholesale boneless cuts when expressed as a percentage of carcass weight but increased absolute weight as a small degree of marbling by 6 to 40 kg. 101 NAL Call. No.: 472 N21 Effect of animal husbandry on herbivore-carrying capacity at a regional scale. Oesterheld, M.; Sala, O.E.; McNaughton, S.J. London : Macmillan Magazines Ltd; 1992 Mar19. Nature v. 356 (6366): p. 234-236; 1992 Mar19. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: South America; Range management; Cattle; Sheep; Animal husbandry; Grazing effects Abstract: All significant properties of the herbivore trophic level, including biomass, consumption and productivity, are significantly correlated with primary productivity across a broad range of terrestrial ecosystems. Here we show that livestock biomass in South American agricultural ecosystems across a 25-fold gradient of primary productivity exhibited a relationship with a slope essentially identical to unmanaged ecosystems, but with a substantially greater y-intercept. Therefore the biomass of herbivores supported per unit of primary productivity is about an order of magnitude greater in agricultural than in natural ecosystems, for a given level of primary production. We also present evidence of an increase in livestock body size with primary productivity, a pattern previously characterized in natural ecosystems. To our knowledge this is the first quantitative documentation at a regional scale of the impact of animal husbandry practices, such as herding, stock selection and veterinary care, on the biomass and size-structure of livestock herds compared with native herbivores. 102 NAL Call. No.: SF191.F5 Effect of backgrounding regime on animal performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers finished for various periods in the feedlot. Prichard, D.L.; Bertrand, J.E.; Johnson, D.D. Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1988. Florida beef cattle research report - Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. p. 177-183; 1988. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Brahman; Steers; Autumn; Pasture management; Feedlots; Hay; Concentrates; Secale cereale; Lolium perenne; Trifolium; Carcass quality; Performance 103 NAL Call. No.: 99.8 F7623 The effect of cattle grazing on ponderosa pine regeneration. Kingery, J.L.; Graham, R.T. Ottawa : Canadian Institute of Forestry; 1991 Jun. The Forestry chronicle v. 67 (3): p. 245-248; 1991 Jun. Paper presented at the First Conference on Agroforestry in North America, August 1989, Guelph, Ontario. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Idaho; Pinus ponderosa; Agroforestry; Silvopastoral systems; Cattle; Grazing effects; Forest plantations; Seedlings; Browsing damage; National forests Abstract: During the summer and fall of 1982, a study was established on the Nez Perce National Forest in central Idaho to assess the effects of cattle grazing on the performance of a new ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) plantation. Three study sites were located in a Douglas-fir/ninebark (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Physocarpus malvaceus) habitat type. Results after six years showed that livestock use can influence tree seedling establishment. Mortality and damage to tree seedlings from cattle resulted primarily from trampling rather than from browsing. Five and one-half percent of the seedlings were damaged by cattle, of which 3.6% died. Browsing by deer and elk caused the most growth loss. Overall damage was greatest from non-animal causes. Seedling quality at the time of planting, handling of the seedling, and droughty conditions during the first two years of the study contributed to this type of damage. Overall performance of the tree seedlings were relatively poor. Total mortality to tree seedlings resulting from all sources of damage was 43.6% for the grazed treatment and 25.3% for the non-grazed treatment. 104 NAL Call. No.: SF191.F5 Effect of diet on animal performance, fat composition of subcutaneous adipose and liver tissue of beef cattle. Hidiroglou, N.; McDowell, L.R.; Johnson, D.D. Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1988. Florida beef cattle research report - Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. p. 118-128; 1988. Includes statistical data. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Brahman; Crossbreds; Steers; Feedlots; Performance; Carcass quality; Subcutaneous fat; Unsaturated fatty acids; Liver; Lipids; Oleic acid 105 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 The effect of fasting, transit plus fasting, and administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone on the source and amount of weight loss by feeder steers of different ages. Phillips, W.A.; Juniewicz, P.E.; VonTungeln, D.L. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Jun. Journal of animal science v. 69 (6): p. 2342-2348; 1991 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Weight losses; Fasting; Transport; Corticotropin; Excretion; Stress; Age differences Abstract: Two trials (winter and summer) were conducted to determine effects of fasting and transportation and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTED) administration on the amount and source of weight lost by feeder steers. Sixteen steers, in each of two experiments, were adapted to metabolism status for 10 d, were fed medium-quality hay at 2.1% of BW for 3 d, and then were subjected to either fasting alone or fasting plus transit for 48 h. In Exp. 1 steers were randomly assigned to treatments. In Exp. 2 steers were blocked by age (OLD or YOUNG) and assigned to treatments. Fecal and urinary excretions accounted for 65 and 38% of the total weight lost in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Fasting plus transit did not consistently increase the amount of weight lost compared with fasting alone but increased (P < .01) plasma glucose concentrations. Injection of ACTH before either fasting alone or fasting plus transit increased (P < .05) the amount of weight lost as feces. Steers in the OLD group lost more weight during transit and fasting but regained the lost weight faster (P < .01) during the recovery period than did steers in the YOUNG group. Injecting YOUNG steers with ACTH before fasting alone or fasting plus transit increased plasma fibrinogen (P < .10) and serum glucose (P < .05) concentrations more than ACTH injections in OLD steers. Although fasting and transit elicit mobilization of body nutrients and resulted in a loss of BW, these effects were quickly reversed during the post-stress period. 106 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effect of genotype on basal and ACTH stimulated cortisol response in beef steers during weaning and transit stress. Zavy, M.T.; Phillips, W.A.; Juniewicz, P.E.; VonTungeln, D.L. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1988. Journal of animal science v. 66 (suppl.1): p. 234-235; 1988. Paper presented at the 80th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science, held July 19-22, 1988, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Includes abstract. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Stress; Weaning; Genotypes; Cortisol 107 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3) Effect of heat stress on early embryonic development and survival in the beef cow. Biggers, B.G.; Buchanan, D.S.; Wettemann, R.P.; Zavy, M.T.; Geisert, R.D. Stillwater : The Station; 1986 May. Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University (118): p. 303-307; 1986 May. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Heat stress; Embryonic development; Survival 108 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effect of heat stress on early embryonic development in the beef cow. Biggers, B.G.; Geisert, R.D.; Wetteman, R.P.; Buchanan, D.S. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1987 May. Journal of animal science v. 64 (5): p. 1512-1518; 1987 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Embryonic development; Heat stress; Embryo mortality; Pregnancy 109 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effect of implant sequence and dose on feedlot cattle performance. Mader, T.L. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1994 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 72 (2): p. 277-282; 1994 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Zeranol; Performance; Controlled release; Dosage effects; Feed conversion; Estradiol; Progesterone; Trenbolone; Postweaning interval; Body weight; Liveweight gain; Feed intake; Dressing percentage; Body fat; Carcass quality; Carcass yield Abstract: Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of delayed implanting or the use of a low-dose implant followed by a higher-dose implant in feedlot cattle. In the first study, 150 steers were allotted to 15 pens (three pens/treatment) and assigned to a nonimplant treatment (control), a single zeranol (36 mg) implant (R), or a double zeranol implant (DR) administered at the start of a 140-d finishing period, or a single zeranol implant administered at the start of an 80-d growing period, followed by a single (RR) or double (RDR) zeranol implant administered at the start of the finishing period. Steers managed under the DR, RR, and RDR implant schemes had greater (P < .10) finishing period gains and intakes than the control steer group. However, only DR and RDR steer groups had improved (P < .10) finishing period feed conversions compared with control steers. In combined growing and finishing periods, the RDR steer group displayed the lowest (P = .12) feed:gain ratio. In a second trial, conducted concurrently to the zeranol trial, steers that did not receive an initial implant containing 20 mg of estradiol benzoate plus 200 mg of progesterone (S) but were subsequently implanted twice, once at the start of the finishing period and again 80 d later, had a lower (P < .11) finishing period feed:gain ratio (6.08 vs 6.51) than steers implanted all three times. In a third trial, implanting steers with one-half S vs S, at the start of a 92-d growing period, resulted in improved (P < .05) gain (1.63 vs 1.54 kg/d) and feed: gain ratio (5.86 vs 6.27) in the subsequent finishing period, in which both groups received S, but not over the entire feeding period. Compared with using S alone, as a finishing phase implant, no differences were found in performance or carcass quality from using S in combination with trenbolone acetate. Delayed implanting or using a low-dose implant during an initial feeding period provides performance enhancement in subsequent feeding periods; however, benefits are not great enough to consistently show significant performance benefits over the entire growing and finishing period. 110 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Effect of initial restraint, weaning, and transport stress on baseline and ACTH-stimulated cortisol responses in beef calves of different genotypes. Zavy, M.T.; Juniewicz, P.E.; Phillips, W.A.; VonTungeln, D.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Apr. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (4): p. 551-557; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Zebu; Stress; Restraint of animals; Weaning; Transport of animals; Hydrocortisone; Blood plasma; Corticotropin; Breed differences Abstract: The productivity and well-being of animals can be substantially affected by stress. This is particularly true in the case of beef calves that are subjected to a multitude of stressors over a short period during the first year of life. Perhaps the most often studied stress-responsive variable has been blood corticosteroid concentrations. Factors such as age, gender, genetics, and degree of prior experience, can influence how an animal perceives and responds to a given stressor. Few studies have tried to control these variables, and accordingly, many conflicting results have been published regarding the impact of various stressors on cortisol response. We measured baseline plasma cortisol concentration over a 44-day study in Bos indicus and Bos taurus calves. Plasma cortisol values in Bos indicus calves were higher (32.60 +/- 0.66 ng/ml) than values in calves of Bos taurus (25.81 +/- 0.76) breeding. A precipitous decrease in cortisol concentration was observed 7 days after transport stress in all calves. Baseline cortisol concentration did not provide any indication of the intensity of the various stressors. However, significant differences were readily observed after ACTH administration. On the basis of cortisol secretion, stresses of transport and weaning were similar and were the most stressful to calves, regardless of genotype. 111 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 AU72 Effect of level of handling on meat quality of cattle of two breed types. McIntyre, B.L.; Ryan, W.J. Sydney : Pergamon Press; 1986. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production v. 16: p. 267-270; 1986. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Aberdeen-angus; Shorthorn; Handling; Stress; Electrical treatment; Meat quality; Ph; Tenderness 112 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3) The effect of mass medication on health and performance of newly arrived stocker cattle. Gill, D.R.; Smith, R.A.; Hicks, R.B.; Ball, R.L. Stillwater : The Station; 1986 May. Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University (118): p. 260-268; 1986 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Drug therapy; Stress; Morbidity 113 NAL Call. No.: TX373.M4 Effect of mixing male sex types of cattle on their meat quality and stress-related parameters. Mohan Raj, A.B.; Moss, B.W.; Rice, D.A.; Kilpatrick, D.J.; McCaughey, W.J.; McLauchlan, W. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1992. Meat science v. 32 (4): p. 367-386; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Meat quality; Male animals 114 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5 The effect of postweaning level of dietary energy on sex drive and semen quality of young beef bulls. Mwansa, P.B.; Makarechian, M. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Jun. Theriogenology v. 35 (6): p. 1169-1178; 1991 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef bulls; Beef breeds; Semen characters; Ejaculate volume; Scrotum; Size; Spermatozoa; Motility; Sexual behavior; Mating behavior; Libido; Bull feeding; Energy content; Digestible energy Abstract: Two postweaning feeding trials were conducted on 112 bull calves from a beef synthetic breed group to examine the effects of postweaning level of dietary energy and change in the level of energy on sex drive and semen quality of young bulls in 1988 and 1989. Within each year, the test period was 168 d, which was divided in two periods of 77 d and separated by a 14-d adjustment period. Within each year the bulls were randomly assigned to eight pens. The pen population was balanced with respect to age and weight of bulls. Bulls in four of the pens were fed a high concentrate diet while those in the remaining four pens were fed a low concentrate diet consisting of one half of the high diet plus hay ad libitum in the first period. After the adjustment period, the diets of four pens of bulls were reversed from high to low or from low to high resulting in high-high, high-low, low-high and low-low dietary treatments. The year was a significant (P<0.05) source of variation for all the components of libido score except for number of services achieved. The effect of energy on components of libido and libido score was not significant (P>0.05). Bulls on high-high had significantly larger scrotal circumference but exhibited poorer semen characteristics than their contemporaries on high-low, low-high and low-low diets. Even though feeding of high energy diet throughout the feedlot test period showed a positive effect on scrotal circumference, its effect on semen quality was negative. It was found that feeding a low energy diet in either half of the feedlot test period may prevent the detrimental effects of prolonged high energy feeding on semen characteristics of young beef bulls. 115 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effect of pre- and postweaning zeranol implant on steer calf performance. Mader, T.L.; Clanton, D.C.; Ward, J.K.; Pankaskie, D.E.; Deutscher, G.H. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1985 Sep. Journal of animal science v. 61 (3): p. 546-551; 1985 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Steers; Zeranol; Implantation; Postweaning interval; Preweaning period; Stress; Carcass quality 116 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Effect of preslaughter experience on behaviour, plasma cortisol and muscle pH in farmed red deer. Smith, R.F.; Dobson, H. London : The Association; 1990 Feb17. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 126 (7): p. 155-158; 1990 Feb17. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cervus elaphus; Slaughter; Stress; Animal behavior; Cortisol; Blood plasma; Muscles; Ph; Venison 117 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Effect of pre-slaughter handling on the behaviour and blood composition of beef cattle. Cockram, M.S.; Corley, K.T.T. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1991 Sep. British veterinary journal v. 147 (5): p. 444-454; 1991 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Slaughter; Handling; Blood composition; Animal behavior; Abattoirs Abstract: The pre-slaughter handling, behaviour and blood composition of beef cattle at slaughter was studied in a commercial slaughterhouse. The main problems identified were the routine use of driving instruments and delays caused by stoppages in the slaughter line. The plasma concentration of cortisol at the time of slaughter was positively correlated with the time spent standing still and with the time spent in the pre-stun pen. The plasma activity of creatine kinase was positively correlated with the time spent in the race, but no correlations between creatine kinase and physical activity in the race were found. The plasma concentration of glucose was positively correlated with the time spent trotting and the number of times that struggling occurred. The proportions of cattle struggling, vocalizing and defaecating were greatest when they were confined in the race and pre-stun pen. Cattle kept overnight in the lairage had a greater concentration of free fatty acids at the time of slaughter than those slaughtered on the day of arrival. There were no other significant differences in either the blood compositon or the handling and behaviour of cattle kept overnight in the lairage, compared with those slaughtered on the day of arrival. Some of the handling problems observed were caused by incorrect design of the handling facilities. There should be some means of removing cattle from a race if delays are encountered and some means of handling the cattle in the race other than by using an electrical goad. The optimal dimensions of races and passageways to prevent crowding and turning around should be assessed at the design stage. Non-slip floors are essential. 118 NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6 The effect of previous experiences on livestock behavior during handling. Grandin, T. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1993 Apr. Agri-Practice v. 14 (4): p. 15-20; 1993 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Colorado; Cattle; Sheep; Animal behavior; Veterinary medicine; Handling; Chutes; Hydraulic equipment; Restraint of animals 119 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effect of soybean hull:soy lecithin-soapstock mixture on ruminal digestion and performance of growing beef calves and lactating dairy cattle. Shain, D.H.; Sindt, M.H.; Grant, R.J.; Klopfenstein, T.J.; Stock, R.A. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1993 May. Journal of animal science v. 71 (5): p. 1266-1275; 1993 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cows; Calves; Soybean husks; Soybean soapstock; Lectins; Rumen digestion; Crude protein; Protein digestion; Maize; Diet; Nutrient content; Feed intake; Milk yield; Milk composition; Volatile fatty acids; Energy balance; Body condition Abstract: Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of a soybean hull, soy lecithin, and soapstock mixture on ruminal fiber and protein digestion, growth efficiency of beef calves, and lactational performance of dairy cattle. An initial mixing experiment determined that a 4:1 ratio (DM basis) of soy lecithin:soapstock could be added to soybean hulls at 15% (wt/wt, DM basis); this mixture had acceptable mixing and handling characteristics. Dietary addition of a mixture of 85% soybean hulls, 12% soy lecithin, and 3% soapstock (DM basis; SLS) to provide 0, 3, 5, or 7% supplemental fat resulted in a linear (P < .01) decrease in in situ rate of ruminal NDF digestion with no effect on rate of CP digestion. Daily gain, DMI, and feed efficiency (kilograms of gain/kilogram of DMI) of growing beef calves were not affected (P > .10) as graded levels of SLS replaced corn grain. However, as graded levels of SLS replaced soybean hulls, daily gain and feed efficiency increased linearly (P < .01). Based on the results of these trials, Holstein dairy cattle were fed four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets that contained either high levels of nonfiber carbohydrates (43%) and no added fat, 1% ruminally inert fat, a 6% level of SLS, or a 12% SLS level (all on DM basis). Efficiency of 4% fat-corrected milk production (kilograms of milk/kilogram of DMI) was greatest for cows fed SLS at 6% of dietary DM. The SLS mixture was an excellent source of fiber and vegetable fat, comparable in feeding value to corn grain, for inclusion in the diets of beef calves and dairy cows. 120 NAL Call. No.: SF207.S68 Effect of straw and newspaper bedding on cold season feedlot performance in two housing systems. Birkelo, C.P.; Lounsbery, J. Brookings, SD : Animal and Range Sciences Dept., Agricultural Experiment Station, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State Unviersity, [1986?-; 1992 Aug. South Dakota beef report (92-11): p. 42-45; 1992 Aug. Language: English Descriptors: South Dakota; Cabt; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Litter; Straw; Newspapers; Cold tolerance; Liveweight gain; Animal housing 121 NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6 The effect of stressors like rumen overload and induced abortion on BRD in feedlot cattle. Edwards, A.J. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1989 Mar. Agri-Practice v. 10 (2): p. 10-11, 14-15; 1989 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nebraska; Kansas; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Stress; Rumen; Abortion; Respiratory diseases; Viruses; Pasteurella haemolytica; Pasteurella multocida 122 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 The effect of the stress of weaning and transport on white blood cell patterns and fibrinogen concentration of beef calves of different genotypes. Phillips, W.A.; Juniewicz, P.E.; Zavy, M.T.; Von Tungeln, D.L. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1989 Jun. Canadian journal of animal science v. 69 (2): p. 333-340; 1989 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Zebu cattle; Genotypes; Stress; Weaning; Transport of animals; Leukocytes; Fibrinogen 123 NAL Call. No.: aS21.A8U5/ARS Effect of winter nutrition level and bahia and perennial peanut pasture on performance of growing cattle. Kunkle, W.E.; Palmer, A.Z.; Spreen, T.H.; Hammond, A.C.; Butts, W.T. Jr; Williams, M.J.; Baker, F.S. Jr Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1989. Reprints - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [114]: p. A/19-A/27; 1989. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Cattle; Animal nutrition; Feedlots; Grazing; Paspalum notatum; Arachis glabrata; Liveweight gains; Carcass quality; Winter 124 NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6 The effect of zeranol and trenbolone acetate and estradiol and trenbolone acetate on carcass and performance parameters of finishing steers. 1. Thornsberry, R.M. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1993 May. Agri-Practice v. 14 (5): p. 29-32; 1993 May. Language: English Descriptors: Missouri; Beef cattle; Zeranol; Estradiol; Trenbolone; Implantation; Feedlots; Carcass quality; Fattening performance 125 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of 84-, 112- and 140-day postweaning feedlot performance tests for beef bulls. Brown, A.H. Jr; Chewning, J.J.; Johnson, Z.B.; Loe, W.C.; Brown, C.J. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 69 (2): p. 451-461; 1991 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef bulls; Size; Carcass weight; Growth rate; Liveweight gain; Growth curve; Performance testing; Breeders' associations; Cooperative services; Duration; Breed differences; Objectives; Analysis of variance Abstract: Changes in performance traits in beef cattle over the last 30 yr necessitate the reevaluation of central testing procedures to ensure that they are cost effective and appropriate for current test objectives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for reducing the length of evaluation from 140 d to either 112 or 84 d. Data evaluated were postweaning feedlot performance test records (collected from 1977 to 1986) on 1,830 individually fed bulls. Bulls representing 13 breeds (n > 25 per breed) were evaluated in the University of Arkansas Cooperative Bull Tests at Fayetteville, Hope, and Monticello, Arkansas. Models were fit for ADG, daily feed intake (FI) and feed conversion (FCONV) from d 1 to d 140 (ADG1-140, FI1-140 and FCONV1-140, respectively) and from d 1 to d 112 (ADG1-112, FI1-112 and FCONV1-112, respectively). Models fit for ADG1-140, FI1-140, and FCONV1-140 using information up to d 112 had R2 of .90, .99, .88, and .94, respectively, and using information up to d 84 had R2 of .82, .94, and .80, respectively. Spearman rank correlation coefficients (all P < .0001) were .93 for ADG1-140 and ADG1-112, .93 for ADG1-112 and ADG1-84, .99 for FI1-140 and FI1-112, .91 for FCONV1-140 and FCONV1-112, and .90 for FCONV1-112 and FCONV1-84. These coefficients indicate that bulls ranked similarly for performance traits at 84, 112, and 140 d. If the primary objective of central station testing is to evaluate ADG during the linear phase of growth, and if testing procedures are those currently recommended by the Beef Improvement Federation, then feeding bulls beyond 112 d has no advantage because the information upon which selection decisions are made is similar at both 112 and 140 d. 126 NAL Call. No.: TX373.M4 The effects of castration, preslaughter stress and zeranol implants on beef. 1. The texture of loin steaks from bovine males. Jeremiah, L.E.; Newman, J.A.; Tong, A.K.W.; Gibson, L.L. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1988. Meat science v. 22 (2): p. 83-101; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Bovidae; Male animals; Castration; Zeranol; Transport; Stress; Steaks; Texture 127 NAL Call. No.: TX373.M4 The effects of castration, preslaughter stress and zeranol implants on beef. 2. Cooking properties and flavor of loin steaks from bovine males. Jeremiah, L.E.; Newman, J.A.; Tong, A.K.W.; Gibson, L.L. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1988. Meat science v. 22 (2): p. 103-121; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Bovidae; Male animals; Castration; Zeranol; Transport; Stress; Steaks; Cooking; Flavors 128 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Effects of dietary energy source and creep feeding on calf performance after feedlot arrival. Loerch, S.C.; Fluharty, F.L. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1992 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (92-1): p. 53-56; 1992 Mar. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Calves; Feedlots; Creep feeding; Fattening performance; Growth; Silage; Postweaning interval 129 NAL Call. No.: KF27.S638 1988d Effects of drought on agribusiness and rural economy hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Agriculture of the Committee on Small Business, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, Washington, DC, July 13, 1988. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Energy and Agriculture Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1988; Y 4.Sm 1:100-55. iii, 93 p. : ill., 1 map ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Serial no. 100-55. Language: English; English Descriptors: Droughts; Economic aspects; United States; Livestock; United States; Effect of drought on; Plants, Effect of drought on; United States 130 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Effects of energy level and protein source on performance and rumen function of newly arrived feedlot steers. Fluharty, F.L.; Loerch, S.C. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1990 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (90-2): p. 109-123; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Protein sources; Rumen digestion; Fattening performance; Growth; Energy; Soybeans; Maize; Blood meal; Silage 131 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 AU72 The effects of fasting and cold stress on dark-cutting and bruising in cattle. Warner, R.D.; Eldridge, G.A.; Barnett, J.L.; Halpin, C.G.; Cahill, D.J. Sydney : Pergamon Press; 1986. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production v. 16: p. 383-386; 1986. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Fasting; Cold stress; Meat quality; Bruising; Ph; Color 132 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Effects of fat level, protein level and protein source on performance of newly arrived feedlot steers. Fluharty, F.L.; Loerch, S.C. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1991 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (91-2): p. 1-11; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Protein sources; Protein uptake; Fat absorption; Blood meal; Soybeans; Urea; Fattening performance; Growth 133 NAL Call. No.: SF191.F5 Effects of feedlot environment, implants and vitamin A on the performance of crossbred steers fed during the summer. Baker, F.S. Jr; Kunkle, W.E.; Palmer, A.Z.; Wakeman, D.L. Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1988. Florida beef cattle research report - Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. p. 129-137; 1988. Includes statistical data. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Steers; Cattle fattening; Cattle feedlot soils; Concrete; Shading; Pens; Implantation; Weight gain; Feed conversion efficiency; Carcass quality; Summer; Dressing percentage 134 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Effects of FermWay on feedlot cattle performance. Loerch, S.C. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1991 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (91-2): p. 12-17; 1991 Mar. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Biofermal; Fattening performance; Growth; Silage; Maize 135 NAL Call. No.: TP368.I7 The effects of handling, transport, slaughter and chilling on meat quality and yield in pigs--a review. Tarrant, P.V. Dublin : Teagasc; 1989. Irish journal of food science and technology v. 13 (2): p. 79-107; 1989. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ireland; Pigs; Handling; Transport; Slaughter; Chilling; Meat yield; Food quality 136 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The effects of long-term individual vs. group housing on the sexual behavior of beef bulls. Price, E.O.; Wallach, S.J.R.; Silver, G.V. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Oct. Applied animal behaviour science v. 27 (4): p. 277-285; 1990 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef bulls; Cattle housing; Groups; Sexual behavior; Reproductive performance 137 NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6 Effects of lonophore management programs on performance of feedlot cattle. Malcolm, K.J.; Branine, M.E.; Galyean, M.L. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1992 Jul. Agri-Practice v. 13 (7): p. 7-8, 12-14, 16; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New Mexico; Beef cattle; Ionophores; Feedlots; Fattening performance; Rotation 138 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of nutrient deficiencies and excesses on reproductive efficiency of livestock. Dunn, T.G.; Moss, G.E. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 May. Journal of animal science v. 70 (5): p. 1580-1593; 1992 May. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Sheep; Grazing; Retinol; Protein intake; Nutrition; Estrous cycle; Reproductive efficiency; Lh; Plane of nutrition; Gnrh; Literature reviews Abstract: Successful reproduction is dependent on a host of macro- and micronutrients and ceases well before an animal expires from deficiency of a particular nutrient. This review focuses on the functional roles phosphorus, vitamin A and beta-carotene, protein, and energy play in reproductive processes. Although it is not known whether deficiencies of these nutrients limit reproduction through common or discrete mechanisms, appropriate quantities of these nutrients are required for optimal reproduction. Mechanisms through which nutritional status is perceived by the hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal axis remain unclear but seem to impinge on hypothalamic regions that selectively regulate production and release of pituitary trophic hormones. Body condition, or degree of fatness, seems to be the most reliable indicator of well-being of an animal, and when coupled with changes in BW, provides a useful method to assess reproductive potential. 139 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of placing cattle on feed at two-month intervals and housing on feedlot performance and carcass grades. Pusillo, G.M.; Hoffman, M.P.; Self, H.L. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 69 (2): p. 443-450; 1991 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Feedlots; Cattle housing; Seasonal variation; Feed intake; Liveweight gain; Feed conversion efficiency; Carcass yield; Carcass quality Abstract: A 5-yr study was conducted involving the placement of yearling steers on feed at 2-mo intervals under three different housing systems. A total of 3,571 steers (180 pens) initially average 318 kg was used. Evaluations were made for DM intake ADG, feed efficiency (FE), carcass quality (QG), and yield grades (YG). Cattle were assigned to either an open lot with overhead shelter (S), an open lot without overhead shelter (NS), or an open-front confinement building (C). Each treatment consisted of two lots of 20 steers each per interval per trial. Corn grain provided 85% of the energy; the remainder was supplied by corn silage arid protein supplement. Cattle were fed 140 to 180 d to achieve an average slaughter weight of 500 kg. The main effects of year (Y), month (M), and housing (H) affected DM intake, ADG, FE, and final live weight (P <.01). The interactions for Y X M, M X H and Y X M X H affected ADG (P <.05). Month and H affected hot carcass weight (P < .01). Year affected YG, and year and month affected QG (P < .01). Month effects on DM intake and ADG indicated that cattle started in May had the highest intake and ADG (P < .05) and that cattle started in November had the lowest (P < .05) DMI and ADG. Month effects on FE indicated that cattle were most efficient when placed on feed during March, May, and July (5.82, 5.72, and 5.66 kg DM/kg gain; P < .05). Housing effects indicated that S cattle had the highest DM intake, ADG, and FE (7.79, 1.29, and 6.15 kg; P < .05) and that C had the lowest DM intake and ADG (6.97 and 1.09 kg; P < .05). Body composition, as determined by YG and QG, was relatively unaffected by the season or housing. These results indicate that starting time on feed and housing system significantly influenced cattle feedlot performance without influencing body composition. 140 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of preconditioning on performance of beef calves before and after entering the feedlot. Peterson, E.B.; Strohbehn, D.R.; Ladd, G.W.; Willham, R.L. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1989 Jul. Journal of animal science v. 67 (7): p. 1678-1686; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Calves; Creep feeding; Castration; Polling; Vaccination 141 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of preconditioning on pre- and post-shipment performance of feeder calves. Pritchard, R.H.; Mendez, J.K. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1990 Jan. Journal of animal science v. 68 (1): p. 28-34; 1990 Jan. This record corrects ID No. 90013323 which was incorrectly entered as issue 19. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Adaptation; Conditioning; Transport of animals; Feedlots; Weight losses; Fattening performance; Beef production 142 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Effects of protein level and protein source on performance of newly arrived feedlot steers. Fluharty, F.L.; Loerch, S.C. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1992 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (92-1): p. 57-73; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Calves; Feedlots; Protein sources; Fattening performance; Growth; Nutrient requirements; Crude protein; Soybeans; Blood meal; Postweaning interval; Urea 143 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin and dietary energy intake on growth, secretion of luteinizing hormone, follicular development, and onset of puberty in beef heifers. Hall, J.B.; Schillo, K.K.; Fitzgerald, B.P.; Bradley, N.W. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1994 Mar. Journal of animal science v. 72 (3): p. 709-717; 1994 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Heifers; Somatotropin; Energy intake; Lh; Hormone secretion; Age; Puberty; Follicles; Body weight; Liveweight gain; Height; Blood plasma; Insulin; Blood sugar; Urea Abstract: The effects of dietary energy and recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) on pattern of LH release, follicular development, and onset of puberty were studied in 40 Angus heifers. At 7 mo of age, heifers were assigned to a 2 X 2 factorial experiment; the main effects were dietary energy (high [HDE]: 14.15 Mcal of ME/d or moderate [MDE]: 10.84 Mcal of ME/d) and somatotropin (bST; 350 mg every 2 wk or vehicle). Beginning at 9 mo of age, heifers were observed twice daily for estrous activity. From 10.5 to 12 mo of age, five heifers from each treatment group were selected for weekly ultrasound examination of ovarian structures and biweekly sequential blood sampling to determine concentrations of LH. Somatotropin treatment altered intermediary metabolism in a manner consistent with enhanced accretion of lean tissue and decreased deposition of fat. The HDE heifers were younger (P < .001) at puberty than the MDE heifers, but BW at puberty was not different among treatment groups. Age and body weight at puberty were not affected by bST. Frequency of LH pulses increased within the 10.5 to 12 mo of age sampling window in HDE-treated heifers but not in MDE heifers (dietary energy X month of age; P < .02). Secretion of LH was unaffected by bST. Ovaries of bST-treated heifers tended (P < .09) to have fewer follicles > 5 mm in diameter than those of vehicle-treated heifers. We conclude that chronic treatment with bST did not alter age at puberty or pattern of LH release in heifers and that even modest differences in energy intake influence the timing of the prepubertal increase in pulsatile LH release. 144 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Effects of restricting intake of high energy diets on the performance of feedlot cattle. Loerch, S.C. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1990 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (90-2): p. 98-108; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Concentrates; Monensin; Feed supplements; Protein sources; Fattening performance; Growth 145 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Effects of roughage level and timing of roughage inclusion on performance of feedlot cattle. Loerch, S.C.; Fluharty, F.L. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1992 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (92-1): p. 36-44; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Feedlots; Roughage; Fattening performance; Maize; Silage 146 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A Effects of shipping, handling, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and epinephrine on alpha-tocopherol content of bovine blood. Sconberg, S.; Nockels, C.F.; Bennett, B.W.; Bruynickx, W.; Blancquaert, A.M.B.; Craig, A.M. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Aug. American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (8): p. 1287-1293; 1993 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Alpha-tocopherol; Stress; Transport of animals; Handling; Corticotropin; Epinephrine; Blood plasma; Erythrocytes; Neutrophils; Creatine kinase; Enzyme activity; Blood sampling Abstract: In 2 studies, plasma, erythrocyte, and neutrophil alpha-tocopherol concentrations were monitored in beef cattle after shipping, handling, and sample collection. On the basis of alpha-tocopherol results, an additional 2 studies were designed to measure the effects of administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and epinephrine on the alpha-tocopherol concentration in the aforementioned blood constituents and on creatine kinase (CK) activity in Holstein calves. In the first of these studies, 15 beef cattle that had recently arrived at the feedlot consumed feed supplemented daily with 1,000 IU of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. Values for initial blood samples indicated that CK activity was high. Although plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration indicated that vitamin supplementation was adequate, RBC and neutrophil alpha-tocopherol values were generallynondetectable. After 4 weeks of supplementation, plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration increased (P < 0.05), and neutrophil and RBC alpha-tocopherol values became measurable in most of the cattle. In the second study, 6 beef heifers had decreased (P < 0.05) plasma, RBC, and neutrophil alpha-tocopherol values after multiple periods of handling and blood sample collection. In the third and fourth studies, 10 tamed Holstein heifer calves, 5 of which were administered ACTH and epinephrine to simulate stress effects on blood alpha- tocopherol concentrations and CK activity. In study 3, the vitamin E-adequate heifers had increased blood CK (P < 0.001) activity and cortisol (P < 0.01) concentration, and decreased (P < 0.05) neutrophil alpha-tocopherol concentration after hormone injections. In study 4, when vitamin E-deficient calves received the aforementioned hormones, CK activity increased (P < 0.05) and RBC alpha-tocopherol concentration decreased (P < 0.05), whereas plasma and neutrophil values did not change. These results indicate that shipping and handling, or the stress paradigm of ACTH and epinephrine injections, may reduce the alpha-tocopherol content of plasma, RBC, and neutrophils while increasing plasma CK activity, which indicates membrane destruction. 147 NAL Call. No.: SF779.5.A1B6 Effects of slatted flooring on claw shape in intensively housed fattening beef cattle. Murphy, P.A.; Hannan, J. Stillwater, Okla. : American Association of Bovine Practitioners; 1987 Nov. The Bovine practitioner (22): p. 133-135. ill; 1987 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Cattle fattening; Slatted floors; Intensive livestock farming; Cattle housing; Hoof and claw diseases; Lameness; Abrasion 148 NAL Call. No.: SB599.J69 Effects of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) and heat stress on weight gain and feed conversion of feeder cattle. Campbell, J.B.; Catangui, M.A.; Thomas, G.D.; Boxler, D.J.; Davis, R. Clemson, SC : South Carolina Entomological Society, c1984-; 1993 Jul. Journal of agricultural entomology v. 10 (3): p. 155-161; 1993 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Stomoxys calcitrans; Heat stress; Weight gain; Feed conversion 149 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822 Effects of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) and heat stress on weight gain and feed efficiency of feeder cattle. Wieman, G.A.; Campbell, J.B.; Deshazer, J.A.; Berry, I.L. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Oct. Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (5): p. 1835-1842; 1992 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nebraska; Cattle breeds; Crossbreds; Stomoxys calcitrans; Adverse effects; Bites; Crowding; Heat stress; Liveweight gain; Pens; Screens Abstract: Cattle respond to the feeding of stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), by bunching to protect their front legs. This bunching can increase heat stress which indirectly accounts for much of the reduction in cattle weight gains. We used fly-screened, self-contained feedlot pens which allowed regulation of fly populations feeding on cattle. The indirect fly effects (bunching and heat stress) accounted for 71.5% of the reduced weight gain. The direct effect of the biting flies and energy loss involved in fighting flies accounted for 28.5% of the reduced weight gain. 150 NAL Call. No.: 389.79 M76 Effects of stress and organic probiotics on the performance of weaned beef calves. Ansotegui, R.; Clark, C.; Wiley, S.; Gray, D. Bozeman, Mont. : Animal and Range Science Dept. and Montana Cooperative Extension Service, Montana State University, Bozeman, in cooperation with the Montana Feed Association,; 1992. Proceedings of the ... Montana Livestock Nutrition Conference (45): p. 10.1-10.4.; 1992. Meeting held January 30-31, 1992, Bozeman, Montana. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Montana; Cabt; Calves; Liveweight gain; Rumen bacteria; Stress; Cost benefit analysis; Transport 151 NAL Call. No.: SF961.A5 The effects of stress on the immunology of the stocker calf. Von Tungeln, D.L. Stillwater, Okla. : The Association; 1985, reprinted 1986. Proceedings ... annual convention - American Association of Bovine Practitioners 1986). (18th): p. 109-112; 1985, reprinted 1986. Includes 18 references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Calves; Stress; Immunology; Environment; Transport; Hematology; Metabolism; Cortisol; Glucocorticoids 152 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of synthetic hormone implants, singularly or in combinations, on performance, carcass traits, and longissimus muscle palatability of Holstein steers. Apple, J.K.; Dikeman, M.E.; Simms, D.D.; Kuhl, G. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Nov. Journal of animal science v. 69 (11): p. 4437-4448; 1991 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Steers; Synthetic hormones; Feed conversion; Performance; Controlled release; Feed intake; Carcass yield; Muscles; Skinning; Beef; Shear strength; Tenderness; Sensory evaluation Abstract: Seventy-two Holstein steers averaging 182 kg were assigned randomly to one of six treatment groups: 1) nonimplanted controls (C); 2) implanted with 36 mg of zeranol (Z); 3) implanted with 20 mg of estradiol benzoate and 200 mg of progesterone (EP); 4) implanted with 140 mg of trenbolone acetate (TBA); 5) implanted with 140 mg of trenbolone acetate plus 20 mg of estradiol benzoate and 200 mg of progesterone (TBA + EP); and 6) implanted with 140 mg of trenbolone acetate plus 36 mg of zeranol (TBA + Z). Each treatment group consisted of three replications of four animals per pen, which were implanted on d 0, 56, 112, and 168. Masculinity and muscling scores were assigned at 24 h preslaughter. Hide removal difficulty was scored by a plant supervisor. Quality and yield grade data were obtained at 24 h postmortem. Longissimus muscle (LM) steaks were removed and cooked for Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) determinations and sensory panel (SP) evaluations. Over the entire feeding period (249 d), TBA + EP steers had higher (P < .05) ADG than TBA + Z, TBA, and C steers. All treatments had higher (P < .05) ADG than C, with the exception of TBA. The only feed efficiency differences were those following the 168-d implant time, when TBA steers were more (P < .05) efficient than TBA + Z or C steers. The TBA + EP and TBA + Z steers were more (P < .05) masculine and their hides were more (P < .05) difficult to remove than those of EP and C steers. Carcass weights of TBA + EP steers were heavier (P < .05) than those of TBA or C steers. The TBA + EP steers had larger (P < .05) LM areas than Z, TBA, and C steers. Also, TBA + EP steers tended (P = .07) to have lower numerical yield grades than EP, Z, or C steers. Even though mean marbling scores and quality grades were similar (P > .05) among treatment groups, only 50% of TBA + EP carcasses graded low Choice or higher, compared with 100, 75, 82, 90, and 83% for C, TBA, Z, EP, and TBA + Z carcasses, respectively. The only meat palatability 153 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 The effects of the stress of weaning and transit on performance and metabolic profile of beef calves of different genotypes. Phillips, W.A.; Juniewicz, P.E.; Zavy, M.T.; Von Tungeln, D.L. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1987 Dec. Canadian journal of animal science v. 67 (4): p. 991-999; 1987 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Calves; Genotypes; Weaning; Stress; Transport of animals; Body weight; Metabolism 154 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3) Effects of Tilmicosin or Ceftiofur on health and performance of shipping stressed stocker cattle. Smith, R.A.; Van Koevering, M.T.; Gill, D.R.; Ball, R.L. Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1991 Jun. Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University (134): p. 152-155; 1991 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Transport; Respiratory diseases; Drug effects 155 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 Effects of transport and electrolyte supplementation on ion concentrations, carcass yield and quality in bulls. Schaefer, A.L.; Jones, S.D.M.; Tong, A.K.W.; Young, B.A. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1990 Mar. Canadian journal of animal science v. 70 (1): p. 107-119; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef bulls; Electrolytes retention; Electrolytes; Ions; Supplementary feeding; Transport of animals; Stress; Beef quality; Carcass yield 156 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The effects of twinning and maternal experience on maternal- filial social relationships in confined beef cattle. Price, E.O.; Smith, V.M.; Thos, J.; Anderson, G.B. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1986 May. Applied animal behaviour science v. 15 (2): p. 137-146; 1986 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Hereford; Calves; Dams (mothers); Maternal behavior; Twins; Attachment behavior; Milk production 157 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 The effects of two shipping treatments on the carcass characteristics of bulls implanted with zeranol and unimplanted steers. Jones, S.D.M.; Newman, J.A.; Tong, A.K.W.; Martin, A.H.; Robertson, W.M. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1986 Jun. Journal of animal science v. 62 (6): p. 1602-1608; 1986 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Bulls; Steers; Zeranol; Implantation; Carcass composition; Transport of animals; Stress; Carcass quality 158 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of zeranol implantation and late castration on sexual, agonistic and handling behavior in male feedlot cattle. Baker, A.M.; Gonyou, H.W. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1986 May. Journal of animal science v. 62 (5): p. 1224-1232; 1986 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef bulls; Zeranol; Implantation; Castration; Agonistic behavior; Sexual behavior 159 NAL Call. No.: 18 D4825T Nr.241 1986 Effektive Bewirtschaftung von Stallen und Anlagen der Milch- und Rinderproduktion unter besonderer Beachtung der Nutzung der Mikroelektronik und verbesserter Verfahren der Produktionskontrolle Vortrage einer wissenschaftlichen Tagung, veranstaltet vom Institut fur Rinderproduktion Iden-Rohrbeck aus Anlass des 65. Geburtstages seines Direktors Professor Dr. sc. Hans Kleiber, vom 18. bis 20. September 1985 in Iden [Effective management of barns and milk and cattle production installations with particular attention to the use of microelectronics and improved production control methods]., 1. Aufl.. Kleiber, Hans, Institut fur Rinderproduktion Iden-Rohrbeck (Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der DDR) Berlin : Die Akademie,; 1986. 144 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. (Tagungsbericht / Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik ; Nr. 241). Cover title. Summaries in English, German, and Russian. Includes bibliographies. Language: German Descriptors: Kleiber, Hans 1920-; Cattle; Congresses; Cattle; Housing; Environmental engineering; Congresses; Dairying; Technological innovations; Congresses; Beef industry; Technological innovations; Congresses 160 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.E547 Electricity used in farmstead operations. McFate, K.L. Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1989. Energy in world agriculture v. 3: p. 121-142; 1989. In the series analytic: Energy in World Agriculture / edited by K.L. McFate. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Farming; Electricity; Electrical energy; Electric heaters; Milking; Dairy equipment; Ventilation; Fans; Fodder crops; Handling; Heating; Cooling; Dairy farming; Beef cattle; Pig farming; Poultry farming; Brood care; Grain drying; Vegetables; Storage 161 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535 Environmental factors and calving management practices that affect neonatal mortality in the beef calf. Townsend, H.G.G. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1994 Mar. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice v. 10 (1): p. 119-126; 1994 Mar. In the series analytic: Perinatal mortality in beef herds / edited by T.R. Kasari and S.E. Wikse. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Newborn animals; Perinatal mortality; Etiology; Environmental factors; Cattle husbandry; Calving season; Timing; Herd structure; Cattle housing; Prevention; Disease control 162 NAL Call. No.: 58.9 IN7 The environmental requirements of livestock. Bruce, J.M. Silsoe : Institution of Agricultural Engineers; 1987. The Agricultural engineer v. 42 (4): p. 137-140; 1987. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock housing; Environmental factors; Space requirements; Animal welfare 163 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Estimation of the water requirement for beef production in the United States. Beckett, J.L.; Oltjen, J.W. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1993 Apr. Journal of animal science v. 71 (4): p. 818-826; 1993 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Beef cattle; Beef production; Water use; Irrigated pastures; Water policy; Water intake; Feeds; Water requirements Abstract: A static model of developed water use for U.S. cattle production was constructed on a spreadsheet. Water use included that consumed directly by various classes of animals, water applied for irrigation of crops that are consumed by the cattle, water applied to irrigated pasture, and water used to process animals at marketing. Government statistics were consulted for numbers of cattle and crop production. The most recent statistics available for numbers of cattle and crops in individual states were used. On January 1, 1992, a total of 33.8 million beef cows and 5.7 million replacement heifers were in U.S. breeding herds, 12 million animals were on feed, and approximately 28 million animals were fed annually. Thus, the U.S. beef cattle herd produced 6.9 billion kg of boneless beef. Beef cattle directly consumed 760 billion L of water per year. Feedlot cattle were fed various grain and roughage sources corresponding to the regions in which they were fed. Feeds produced in a state were preferentially used by cattle in that state with that state's efficiency; any additional feedstuffs required used water at the national efficiency. Irrigation of crop feedstuffs for beef cattle required 12,991 billion L of water. Irrigated pasture for beef cattle production required an additional 11,243 billion L of water. Carcass processing required 79 billion L of water. The model estimates 3,682 L of developed water per kilogram of boneless meat for beef cattle production in the United States. The model was most sensitive to the dressing percentage and percentage of boneless yield in carcasses of feedlot cattle (62 and 66.7, respectively). A 10% change in either of these parameters resulted in a corresponding 8.6% change in the water required for beef production. A 10% increase in the number of animals on feed resulted in a decrease in the amount of water per kilogram of boneless beef by 5.2%. Changes in irrigated pasture management would also be an effective means of decreasing the w 164 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Estrous behavior in confined beef cows. Hurnik, J.F.; King, G.J. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1987 Aug. Journal of animal science v. 65 (2): p. 431-438; 1987 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Estrous behavior; Estrus; Progesterone; Blood 165 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3 Euthanasia and slaughter of livestock. Grandin, T. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1994 May01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 209 (9): p. 1354-1360; 1994 May01. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Euthanasia; Slaughter; Methodology; Animal welfare; Slaughtering equipment; Electrical treatment; Efficacy; Carbon dioxide; Stress; Animal behavior; Blood; Restraint of animals 166 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66 Evaluating beef cattle operations for stress-management procedures. Nash, D.; Pollreisz, J.P. Lawrenceville, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company; 1988 Aug. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 10 (8): p. 971-972, 974-976; 1988 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Stress; Management; Environment; Transport; Nutrition programs; Beef production 167 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Evaluation of mating systems involving five breeds for integrated beef production systems. III. Integrated system. Lamb, M.A.; Tess, M.W.; Robison, O.W. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Mar. Journal of animal science v. 70 (3): p. 714-722; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Crossbreeding; Mating systems; Breed differences; Computer simulation; Efficiency; Slaughter weight; Carcass weight; Lean; Productivity Abstract: Angus (A), Charolais (C), Hereford (H), Limousin (L), and Simmental (S) breeds were included in deterministic computer models simulating integrated cow-calf-feedlot production systems. Three mating systems were used: purebreeding and two-and three-breed rotational crossbreeding. Breed information was taken from the literature. Herd sizes were unrestricted; however, 100 heifers were saved as replacements. Cows were removed for reproductive failure, age (> 10.5 yr), or death. Calves produced in the cow-calf segment were fed in a custom feedlot to four slaughter end points: 440 d, 457 d, 288-kg carcass weight, and low Choice. All animals were fed to requirements. Cull cows were slaughtered after weaning. Biological and economic efficiencies improved with crossbreeding; however, rankings of breed combinations depended on how efficiencies were measured (weight, lean, or value basis). Among purebreds, reproductive performance had a large influence on breed rankings at age and weight end points, whereas feedlot performance was important at the low Choice end point. Crossbred combinations involving British (A or H) and Continental (C or S) breeds were more efficient than other crossbred combinations at all end points. However, choosing specific breed combinations for integrated systems depends on slaughter end points, market end points (weight vs lean), and measures of efficiency (weight, lean, or value basis). 168 NAL Call. No.: TD886.O3 Experience in the use of biofilters. Geelen, M.A. van London : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1986. Odour prevention and control of organic sludge and livestock farming / edited by V.C. Nielsen, J.H. Voorburg, and P. L'Hermite. p. 238-240. ill; 1986. Paper presented at the "Seminar on Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming," Apr. 15-19, 1985, Silsoe, England. Language: English Descriptors: Netherlands; Animal manures; Animal wastes; Calf housing; Pig housing; Filters; Odor abatement; Waste disposal 169 NAL Call. No.: SF91.M427 Facilities for handling, sheltering and trailing livestock. McBratney, Brad; Karsky, Richard Equipment Development Center (Missoula, Mont.) Vegetative Rehabilitation and Equipment Workshop. Missoula, Mont. : The Center,; 1987. iv, 52 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes index. September 1987. 5E42D31--Range Structural Equipment, Range Structural Equipment Handbook. Sponsored by Vegetative Rehabilitation and Equipment Workshop. Bibliography: p. 52. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Housing; Stables; Range management 170 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 AL13P Factors to consider before establishing an Alaskan livestock enterprise. Krieg, K. Fairbanks? :b The Service,; 1993 May. Publication / v.): 4 p.; 1993 May. In subseries: Alaska livestock series. Language: English Descriptors: Alaska; Cabt; Animal husbandry; Livestock enterprises; Feasibility; Land clearance; Livestock feeding; Animal breeding; Animal housing; Farm equipment; Carcass disposal 171 NAL Call. No.: SF105.F3 1987 Factory farming the experiment that failed : a compilation of articles and photographs., 1st ed.. Carson, Rachel, Animal Welfare Institute Washington, DC : Animal Welfare Institute,; 1987. 86 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Cover illustration by David Luck Smith. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Breeding; Livestock factories; Animals, Treatment of; Animal welfare 172 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.906 Farm animal behavior research seminar. Curtis, Stanley United States, Agricultural Research Service, National Program Staff Washington, D.C.? : National Program Staff, ARS, USDA,; 1990. 1 videocassette (100 min., 20 sec.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. VHS. June 8, 1990. Language: English Descriptors: Animal welfare; Livestock Abstract: Discusses types of research being done on farm animal behavior to discover indicators of animal stress contentment, psychological make-up and the effects of environment on animal behavior. The various behaviors observed and the related situations are also discussed. 173 NAL Call. No.: SF61.S2 Farm animal welfare cattle, pigs and poultry. Sainsbury, David, London : Collins,; 1986. x, 175 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Includes index. Bibliography: p. [171]. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock 174 NAL Call. No.: aZ5076.A1U54 no.84 Farm animal welfare, January 1979-April 1989. Bebee, Charles N.; Swanson, Janice C. National Agricultural Library (U.S.) Beltsville, Md. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library,; 1989. 301 p. ; 28 cm. (Bibliographies and literature of agriculture ; no. 84). September 1989. Language: English Descriptors: Domestic animals; United States; Bibliography; Livestock; United States; Bibliography 175 NAL Call. No.: HV4711.H3 Farm animal welfare, what, if any, progress? the Hume Memorial Lecture, 26th November 1987, at The Royal Society of Medicine, London. Harrison, Ruth Potters Bar, Herts. : UFAW,; 1988. 24 p. ; 19 cm. (Hume memorial lecture ; 6). Bibliography: p. 23-24. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Great Britain; Animals, Treatment of; Great Britain 176 NAL Call. No.: HV4708.F38 1985 Farm animals [factory farming].. Factory farming Humane Society of the United States Washington, DC : Humane Society of the United States,; 1985. 1 folded sheet : ill. ; 36 x 22 cm. folded to 22 x 9 cm. Language: English Descriptors: Animal welfare; Livestock factories 177 NAL Call. No.: HV4758.F375 1991 Farm animals it pays to be humane. Carruthers, S. P. University of Reading, Centre for Agricultural Strategy, Farm Animal Care Trust Reading : Centre For Agricultural Strategy, University of Reading,; 1991. 128 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. (CAS paper ; 22). Papers presented at a conference organised by the Centre for Agricultural Strategy, sponsored by the Farm Animal Care Trust and held at the Royal Society, London SW1 on the 12th of September, 1991. April 1991. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal welfare; Livestock 178 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1359 Farm animals with care produced for Glaxo Group Research in association with the Institute of Animal Technology [by] Datascope Communications. Datascope Communications, Glaxo Group Research Limited, Institute of Animal Technology England? : Datascope,; 1991. 2 videocassettes (65 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Animal health; Animal welfare Abstract: Illustrates regimes for housing and care for sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, and poultry as well as providing breeding information and demonstrating some routine health care procedures and blood sampling techniques. 179 NAL Call. No.: 100 L935 Feasibility of specialized for-hire cattle handling crews. Schupp, A.; Riechers, R. Baton Rouge, La. : The Station; 1987 Sep. D.A.E. research report - Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Louisiana State University, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station (676): 24 p. maps; 1987 Sep. Includes statistical data. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Louisiana; Dairy cattle; Beef cattle; Veterinary services; Feasibility studies; Hired labor; Fees; Cost benefit analysis; Operating costs 180 NAL Call. No.: aS21.R44A7 Feedlot and carcass characteristics of heifers: Effect of ovariectomy and ovariectomy with ovarian autograft. Klindt, J.M.; Crouse, J.D. Clay Center, Neb. : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; 1993 May. ARS / (71): p. 108-111; 1993 May. In the series analytic: Beef research progress report no. 4. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Heifers; Ovariectomized females; Ovariectomy; Ovaries; Autografts; Progesterone; Liveweight gain; Feed conversion efficiency; Estrous cycle; Feeding; Feedlots; Carcass quality 181 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.V8V52 Feedlot and stocker health and management practices. Whittier, W.D.; Eller, A.L. Blacksburg, Va. : Extension Division, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; 1991. Publication - Virginia Cooperative Extension Service (400-006): 7 p.; 1991. In subseries: Beef. Language: English Descriptors: Feedlots; Beef cattle; Mortality; Animal health; Respiratory diseases; Parasites; Parasitism; Nutrient requirements; Digestive disorders; Therapy; Medical treatment 182 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, hormones, metabolites in steers actively immunized against growth hormone-releasing factor. Harvey, R.W.; Armstrong, J.D.; Heimer, E.P.; Campbell, R.M. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1993 Nov. Journal of animal science v. 71 (11): p. 2853-2859; 1993 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Steers; Immunization; Somatoliberin; Beef cattle; Growth; Carcass composition; Breed differences; Fat percentage; Fattening performance; Charolais; Blood serum; Urea; Insulin; Fatty acids Abstract: Large-framed Simmental and Charolais steers were actively immunized against growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) to evaluate the effect on growth, carcass characteristics (especially intramuscular fat deposition), and concentrations of somatotropin (ST) and IGF-I.Primary immunizations of 1.5 mg of GRF-(1-29)-Gly-Gly-Cys- NH2 conjugated to 1.5 mg of human serum albumin (GRFi, n = 12) or 1.5 mg of human serum albumin (HSAi, n = 12) were given at approximately 10 mo of age. Booster immunizations of .5 mg of the appropriate antigen were given at d 49 and 125. Weights of steers administered GRFi were less (P < .05) than those given HSAi at 126 d (34.6 kg) or at 262 d (48.2 kg) after treatment. Carcass weights were 28.2 kg less (P < .01) for GRFi than for HSAi steers. Dry matter intake was not affected by immunization treatment, whereas feed efficiency was reduced in GRFi steers. Marbling scores were higher (P < .05) for HSAi than for GRFi steers but similar percentages (83.3) of both treatments graded Low Choice or higher. Rib sections of GRFi steers contained more fat (31.2 vs 25.0%) and less lean (63.3 vs 68.4%) than those of HSAi steers (P < .05). A breed X treatment interaction was observed for percentage of fat within the trimmed longissimus muscle (P < .05); percentage of fat was similar for Charolais and Simmental steers when immunized against HSAi but was higher for Simmental than for Charolais when immunized against GRFi. Reduced serum ST, IGF- I, insulin, and plasma glucose concentrations and higher urea nitrogen values were observed in GRFi compared with HSAi steers. 183 NAL Call. No.: S671.A22 Feedlot runoff control. Lorimor, J. \u Iowa State University Ames, Iowa : Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State University; 1994 Jan. AE / (30771): 2 p.; 1994 Jan. Language: English Descriptors: Iowa; Cabt; Beef cattle; Feedlot wastes; Runoff water; Cattle manure; Cattle farming; Demonstration farms 184 NAL Call. No.: S671.A22 Feedlot runoff control--demonstration site: beef lot-- location: Ringgold County. Lorimor, J. Ames, Iowa : Cooperative Extension Service, Iowa State U niversity; 1994 Jan. AE / (3077m): 2 p.; 1994 Jan. Language: English Descriptors: Iowa; Cabt; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Feedlot effluent; Waste disposal 185 NAL Call. No.: 100 M69MI Feedlot study considers steers from "conception to consumption.". Broadway, R. Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1992 Feb. MAFES research highlights - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station v. 55 (2): p. 4-5; 1992 Feb. Language: English Descriptors: Mississippi; Beef cattle; Breeding programs; Feedlots 186 NAL Call. No.: SF203.F458 1993 Feedlotting notes a collection of farm notes., 2nd ed.. Clarke, Ross Queensland, Dept. of Primary Industries Brisbane : Dept. of Primary Industries, Queensland,; 1993. iv, 96 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. (Queensland Department of Primary Industries information series, QI93010). "Agdex 420/17"--T.p. verso. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Feedlots 187 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M58B Fencing for beef cattle. Burdette, L.A.; Geuns, K.R. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1987 Mar. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State University (1570): 4 p. ill; 1987 Mar. Subseries: Michigan beef production. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Fences; Fence posts; Construction; Costs 188 NAL Call. No.: SF91.A97 Fly control in confined livestock and poultry production. Axtell, Richard C. CIBAGEIGY Corporation, Agricultural Division Greensboro, N.C. : CIBA-GEIGY Corp., Agricultural Division,; 1986. 59 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm. (Technical monograph / Ciba-Geigy). Bibliography: p. 55-59. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Poultry; Flies; Animal housing 189 NAL Call. No.: SF5.F66 1993 Food animal well-being, 1993--conference proceedings and deliberations. Purdue University, Office of Agricultural Research Programs Food Animal Well-Being Conference and Workshop 1993 : Indianapolis, Ind. West Lafayette, Ind. : Purdue University, Office of Agricultural Research Programs,; 1993. 139 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. Papers from the Food Animal Well-Being Conference and Workshop held in Indianapolis, IN, Apr. 13-15, 1993. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Animal welfare 190 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Forage intake responses to winter cold exposure of free- ranging beef cows. Beverlin, S.K.; Havstad, K.M.; Ayers, E.L.; Petersen, M.K. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1989 May. Applied animal behaviour science v. 23 (1/2): p. 75-85; 1989 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Foraging; Feed intake; Winter; Cold; Free range husbandry; Stress; Grazing behavior 191 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system in models of acute stress in domestic farm animals. Minton, J.E. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1994 Jul. Journal of animal science v. 72 (7): p. 1891-1898; 1994 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Stress; Animal models; Sympathetic nervous system; Adrenal glands; Animal welfare; Pituitary; Immune response; Corticoliberin; Vasopressin; Blood serum; Corticotropin; Hydrocortisone; Lymphocyte transformation; Hypothalamus; Literature reviews Abstract: In response to stressors, the central nervous system of livestock (and other mammalian species) evokes physiological responses that ultimately result in activation of the hypothalamopituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and the sympatho-adrenal axis. The responses of these major systems are presumed to have adaptive and homeostatic value during periods of stress. The major hormone regulating the synthesis and secretion of adrenal glucocorticoids is ACTH. In sheep, cattle, and pigs, both corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin (VP) participate in the regulation of secretion of ACTH, and the two peptides seem to interact to enhance that secretion. In cattle and pigs, CRH is the more potent peptide, whereas VP is the more potent in sheep. In addition to its better-known role in regulating pituitary function, CRH also may participate as a neurotransmitter acting centrally to enhance sympathetic activation of the adrenal medulla. Many experimental models of stress have been evaluated that reliably activate the HPA axis and the sympatho-adrenal medullary axis, and some of these model systems also reduce functions of cells of the immune system. Recent data support an important role of stressor-activation of the sympathetics rather than increased glucocorticoids per se in modulating some measures of immune function in response to stress. Thus, current dogma of glucocorticoids as the primary mediator of stressor-associated alteration in immune function of domestic livestock may require reevaluation. 192 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 Ut72R no.B-327 Het gebruik van de classificatie op Nederlandse rundveeslachterijen nu en in de toekomst een bespreking = The use of classification at Dutch slaughter-houses for cattle at present and in the future : a discussion.. Use of classification at Dutch slaughter-houses for cattle at present and in the future : a discussion Schneijdenberg, T. C. H. G. P. Zeist : Instituut voor Veeteeltkundig Onderzoek "Schoonoord",; 1989. 28 p. ; 30 cm. (Rapport / Instituut voor Veeteeltkundig Onderzoek "Schoonoord" ; B-327). English summary. Januari 1989. Bibliography: p. 26-27. Language: Dutch 193 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.266 A genetic engineering approach to the design of non-nitrite curing agents J. Norman Hansen.. Biotechnology, approach to non-nitrite cures Hansen, J. Norman United States, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Technology Transfer and Assessment Staff Washington : D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Technology Transfer and Assessment Staff,; 1986. 1 videocassette (VHS) (ca. 53 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. Title from separte information sheet. Spine title: A genetic engineering approach to the design of nitrite curing agents. Label title: Biotechnology, approach to non-nitrite cures / J. Hansen. Language: English Descriptors: Meat; Curing; Animal genetic engineering; Nitrites; Animal welfare 194 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Genetic parameter estimates for postweaning traits of beef cattle in a stressful environment. DeNise, S.K.; Torabi, M. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1989 Oct. Journal of animal science v. 67 (10): p. 2619-2626; 1989 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Growth; Stress; Postweaning interval; Traits; Genetic covariance 195 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Genetic parameter estimates for preweaning traits of beef cattle in a stressful environment. DeNise, S.K.; Torabi, M.; Ray, D.E.; Rice, R. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1988 Aug. Journal of animal science v. 66 (8): p. 1899-1906; 1988 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Preweaning period; Growth; Stress; Heritability; Genetic correlation 196 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Genetic parameters for tropical beef cattle in northern Australia: a review. Davis, G.P. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1993. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 44 (2): p. 179-198; 1993. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Cattle; Zebu; Beef cattle; Genetic parameters; Heritability; Liveweight; Reproduction; Resistance; Stress; Environmental factors; Literature reviews; Tropics 197 NAL Call. No.: SF55.A78A7 Genotype (breed) and environment interaction with particular reference to cattle in the tropics--review. Vercoe, J.E.; Frisch, J.E. Suweon, Korea : Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies; 1992 Sep. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences v. 5 (3): p. 401-409; 1992 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Breed differences; Crossbreds; Genotype environment interaction; Animal nutrition; Stress factors 198 NAL Call. No.: SF85.4.A9G72 1985 Grazing Animal Welfare Symposium proceedings of a symposium held at the Bardon Professional Development Centre, Brisbane, on April 26th and 27th, 1985.. Grazing animal welfare Moore, Brian L.; Chenoweth, Peter J. Australian Veterinary Association, Queensland Division Grazing Animal Welfare Symposium 1985 : Brisbane, Qld. Indooroopilly, QLD, [Australia] : Australian Veterinary Association (Queensland Division),; 1985. vii, 185, 40 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Cover title: Grazing animal welfare. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Congresses; Sheep; Congresses; Livestock; Congresses; Grazing; Congresses 199 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Grazing behavior of free-ranging beef cows in initial and prolonged exposure to fluctuating thermal environments. Prescott, M.L.; Havstad, K.M.; Olson-Rutz, K.M.; Ayers, E.L.; Petersen, M.K. Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier, 1984-; 1994 Feb. Applied animal behaviour science v. 39 (2): p. 103-113; 1994 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Montana; Cabt; Beef cows; Grazing behavior; Thermoregulation; Cold stress; Environmental temperature; Feed intake; Grazing time; Autumn; Winter; Seasonal variation; Acclimatization 200 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Growth research: challenges and opportunities. Convey, E.M. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1987. Journal of animal science v. 65 (suppl.2): p. 128-139; 1987. In the series analytic: Current concepts of animal growth III / edited by R.A. Merkel. Proceedings of the Biennial Symposium, July 28-29, 1986, Manhattan, Kansas. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Meat animals; Growth; Fat percentage; Leanness; Food safety; Regulations; Growth promoters; Male animals; Aggressive behavior; Sexual behavior; Meat production Abstract: Challenges and near-term opportunities for growth research are examined in light of the needs and concerns for those who will ultimately accept, utilize and pay for new technology for growth promotion. The challenge from the livestock producer is for new ways to improve feed utilization. That from the consumer is to reduce fat and cholesterol content of meat without substantially changing taste, texture or price. Challenges arising from various segments of society include the need to ensure product safety and animal welfare, particularly with respect to recombinant DNA technology. The animal science community is challenged to contribute to development of regulatory policy regarding application of new technology to animal growth. Additionally, government decisions can challenge the long-term research planning process. The use of beta-adrenergic agonists, peptide hormones and growth factors and development of ways to manage gonadally intact males are suggested as near-term opportunities for growth research. 201 NAL Call. No.: SF75.3.I4M3 1987 Hand book of animal husbandry.. Handbook of animal husbandry, 1st ed.. Mahanta, Kanak Chandra, 1926- Guwahati [India] : Omsons Publications : Distributed by Western Book Dept,; 1987. xviii, 612 p. : ill., maps, plans ; 22 cm. Spine title: Handbook of animals husbandry. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; India; Livestock; Breeding; Animal housing; India; Animal culture; India 202 NAL Call. No.: SF89.H85 1991 Handling and loading of livestock. Humane Slaughter Association (1986-); Agricultural Training Board Potters Bar, Herts. : Humane Slaughter Association,; 1991. 35 p. : ill. ; 15 x 21 cm. Language: English Descriptors: Animal welfare; Animals 203 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1334 Handling livestock naturally Livestock Marketing Association ; produced for Livestock Marketing Association by AgriBase, Inc. ; producer, Mike Sweet ; director, Rustin Hamilton. AgriBase, Inc, Livestock Marketing Association Kansas City, Mo.? : AgriBase,; 1989. 1 videocassette (15 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Animal welfare Abstract: Discusses viewing the world through the animal's eyes when handling then on the farm, for transport and at markets. Covers how to transport with gentleness, understanding of the animal's field of vision, point of balance, flight zone, and blind spot, how to feed and water animals at markets, how to move animals without hitting, yelling, or electric shock, how to deal with medical problems, and caring of facilities to reduce injuries. 204 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The handling of cattle pre-slaughter and its effects on carcass and meat quality. Warriss, P.D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (1/2): p. 171-186; 1990 Nov. In the special issue: Transport and pre-slaughter handling / edited by Graham Perry. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Slaughter; Handling; Carcasses; Beef quality; Transport of animals; Bruises; Marketing; Dark cutting meat; Animal welfare 205 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Heat production of cattle acclimated to cold, thermoneutrality and heat when exposed to thermoneutrality and heat stress. Robinson, J.B.; Ames, D.R.; Milliken, G.A. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1986 May. Journal of animal science v. 62 (5): p. 1434-1440; 1986 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Heat production; Acclimatization; Thermal neutrality; Environmental temperature; Cold; Heat stress; Respiration rate; Body temperature 206 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N3C66 Heat stress in beef cattle. Torell, D.; Krysl, L.J. Reno, Nev. : The College; 1990. Fact sheet - College of Agriculture, University of Nevada- Reno, Nevada Cooperative Extension (90-08): 3 p.; 1990. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Heat stress; Beef cattle 207 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Heritabilities of predicted performance measures in beef bull tests and their relationships with feedlot efficiency measures. McWhir, J.; Wilton, J.W. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1987 May. Journal of animal science v. 64 (5): p. 1323-1331; 1987 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef bulls; Performance testing; Heritability; Growth rate; Body weight; Conversion efficiency; Feedlots 208 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.199 Hitting the targets the production of lean beef. Cross, H. Russell United States, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Technology Transfer and Assessment Staff Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Technology Transfer and Assessment Staff, [1986?]; 1986. 1 videocassette (VHS) (ca. 53 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. "October 1986" --Separate information sheet. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Beef; Food; Biotechnology; Animal welfare 209 NAL Call. No.: SF91.I5 1988 Horizontal forces on livestock pen walls. Bailey, W.A. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1988. Livestock environment III : proceedings of the Third International Livestock Environment Symposium, April 25-27, 1988, Constellation Hotel, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. p. 149-154. ill; 1988. (ASAE publication ; 1-88). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Livestock transporters; Trailers; Transport of animals; Handling; Loading; Horizontal resistance; Cattle crushes 210 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Housing, husbandry, and welfare of beef cattle: January 1980- November 1992. Berry, D. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1992 Dec. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (93-07): 55 p.; 1992 Dec. Bibliography. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Animal husbandry; Animal housing; Animal welfare; Bibliographies 211 NAL Call. No.: S671.D44 v.6 Housing of animals construction and equipment of animal houses.. Huisvesting van dieren Maton, A.; Daelemans, J.; Lambrecht, J. Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier ; New York, N.Y. : Distributors for the U.S. and Canada, Elsevier Science,; 1985. xii, 458 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.. (Developments in agricultural engineering ; 6). Translation of: De huisvesting van dieren. Includes bibliographies. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Housing 212 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32 How to corral handling stress: innovative facilities and techniques make working stock a breeze. Kidd, R. Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1994 Sep. The New farm v. 16 (6): p. 5-9; 1994 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Animal husbandry; Handling 213 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 Human subjective response to lorry vibration: implications for farm animal transport. Randall, J.M. London : Academic Press; 1992 Aug. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 52 (4): p. 295-307; 1992 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Trucks; Drivers; Operator comfort; Vibration; Transport of animals; Animal welfare Abstract: Lorry drivers are exposed to a wide range of mechanical vibrations and random motions. The seat and sometimes the cab suspensions are designed to reduce vibration exposure. Nevertheless drivers are often subjected to considerable discomfort occurring within minutes of starting a journey. The frequencies and axes of vibration which occur at a driver's seat are often close to those of maximum discomfort for the human. On a livestock transporter, the interfaces between the animals and the vehicle are not designed to reduce vibration and it is possible that animals are subjected to a higher vibration magnitude than the driver. However, nothing is known of the discomfort or welfare levels experienced by livestock (e.g. cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry) during transport as the result of vibration and motion. This paper draws analogues with subjective evaluations of human comfort and poses a number of questions which must be addressed by research in order to quantify vibration dose, animal welfare response relationships. The primary requirement is to determine to what extent frequency dependent response weightings for the most important axes of vibration are necessary for each animal species and to determine how they should be defined. This would enable a comparison to be made between the experiences of humans and animals. 214 NAL Call. No.: 10 OU8 Humane slaughter. Gregory, N.G. Oxon : C.A.B. International; 1991 Jun. Outlook on agriculture v. 20 (2): p. 95-101; 1991 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Europe; Livestock; Stunning; Symptoms; Safety at work; Animal welfare; Consciousness; Regulations 215 NAL Call. No.: HV4725.U5L4 1990 Humane slaughter laws., 4th ed. Leavitt, E.S.; Halverson, D. Washington, D.C. : Animal Welfare Institute; 1990. Animals and their legal rights : a survey of American laws from 1641 to 1990 / with chapters by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture ... [et al.].. p. 52-65; 1990. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Livestock; Slaughter; Animal welfare; Law; History 216 NAL Call. No.: HV4731.H8 1986 Humane slaughter of animals for food proceedings of a symposium organized by Universities Federation for Animal Welfare in association with Humane Slaughter Association, held at the meeting rooms, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, 18th September 1986. Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, Humane Slaughter Association Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, England : UFAW,; 1987. iii, 59 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. Includes bibliographies. Language: English Descriptors: Slaughtering and slaughter-houses; Great Britain; Animals, Treatment of; Livestock; Stunning 217 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Immunomodulation: a means of disease prevention in stressed livestock. Blecha, F. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1988 Aug. Journal of animal science v. 66 (8): p. 2084-2090; 1988 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pigs; Cattle; Immune response; Immunity; Stress; Levamisole; Thiabendazole 218 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.B563N33 Impact of animal growth promotants on the meat industry. Hayenga, M.L. \u Iowa State University; Buhr, B.L. Ithaca, N.Y. : National Agricultural Biotechnology Council; 1989. NABC report / (1): p. 194-196; 1989. In the series analytic: Biotechnology and sustainable agriculture : Policy alternatives / edited by J.F. McDonald. Paper presented at the first annual National Agricultural Biotechnology Council meeting, May 22-24, 1989. Language: English Descriptors: Somatotropin; Pigs; Growth promoters; Utilization; Meat and livestock industry; Economic impact; Agricultural structure 219 NAL Call. No.: TX373.M4 Impact of animal husbandry and slaughter technologies on microbial contamination of meat: monitoring and control. Huis in't Veld, J.H.J.; Mulder, R.W.A.W.; Snijders, J.M.A. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1994. Meat science v. 36 (1/2): p. 123-154; 1994. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Meat; Slaughter; Microbial contamination; Animal husbandry Abstract: The microbial flora transferred to carcasses during slaughter is a reflection of the care taken on the slaughter floor and of the types and numbers of microorganisms acquired by the animal on the farm or during the period of transportation to the slaughter house. These microorganisms may include those able to cause illness in the consumer, or microorganisms responsible for spoilage of the product. Considerable progress has been made in reducing contamination at slaughter and thereby extending the shelf-life of meat. In contrast, international statistics still clearly show that meat and meat products are responsible for a major proportion of all foodborne infections. This latter aspect is not determined by the overall number of microorganisms present but by the bacterial composition of the. animal's gut flora at slaughter. Preventive quality assurance along the whole productions and processing line is therefore the only effective means of controlling the microbiological safely and quality of meat. This includes, hazard analysis techniques to identify critical control points and procedures for monitoring the microbiological status of both animals and carcasses since most of the critical points cannot be totally controlled. At early stages in the production line, colonisation of meat animals with pathogens should be prevented. Subsequently, good slaughter practices will ensure carcasses of good overall microbiological quality. This paper deals with microbiological monitoring systems that can be used at different stages of production and processing to control the microbiological quality of poultry and pig meat. 220 NAL Call. No.: KF27.A366 1988d Impact of drought conditions on livestock and dairy producers hearing before the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, June 24, 1988; Bismarck, ND. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1988; Y 4.Ag 8/1:100-93. iii, 89 p. ; 24. Distributed to some depository library in microfiche. Serial no. 100-93. Language: English; English Descriptors: Droughts; United States; Livestock; United States; Effect of drought on; Dairy products; United States 221 NAL Call. No.: KF27.B542 1988a Impact of the drought on prices and production hearing before the Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, One-hundredth Congress, second session, July 6, 1988. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1988; Y 4.B 22/1:100-75. iii, 55 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Serial no. 100-75. Language: English; English Descriptors: Droughts; United States; Agriculture; Economic aspects; United States; Plants, Effect of drought on; United States; Livestock; United States; Effect of drought on; Agricultural prices; United States 222 NAL Call. No.: RC620.A1N8 Implanting trenbolone acetate and estradiol in finishing beef steers. Eversole, D.E.; Fontenot, J.P.; Kirk, D.J. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth; 1989 May. Nutrition reports international v. 39 (5): p. 995-1002; 1989 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Trenbolone; Estradiol; Weight gain; Carcass composition; Feed conversion efficiency Abstract: The effect of implanting trenbolone acetate and estradiol 17 beta on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers was studied. A lactose- or cholesterol-based pellet containing 140 mg trenbolone acetate and 28 mg estradiol was implanted in yearling steers fed a high-roughage diet consisting of corn silage and supplement for 140 d. There was a 20% increase (P< 0.05) in rate of gain from the use of the implant in either base. A second implant with a lactose base given at the mid-point of the feeding period improved daily gain by an additional 7.5%. Dry matter intake was similar among control cattle and those receiving the different implants. Feed efficiency was improved (P < 0.05) by the lactose-base and the cholesterol-based implants. Use of the two lactose-based implants resulted in 23% improvements in feed efficiency, compared to the control cattle. Hot carcass weights were heavier (P < 0.05) for implanted cattle but carcass quality grades were lower (P < 0.05). Ribeye area was increased (P < 0.05) by the cholesterol-base and the two lactose-based pellets. These data indicate that combined androgenic-estrogenic anabolic implants enhanced feedlot performance and tended to increase edible lean and reduce fat in the carcass. 223 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Implications of genetic changes in body composition on beef production systems. Bennett, G.L. \u Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, Clay Center, NE; Williams, C.B. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1994 Oct. Journal of animal science v. 72 (10): p. 2756-2763; 1994 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Body composition; Beef production; Beef quality; Crossbreeding; Cattle fattening; Carcass weight; Carcass yield; Genotypes; Differential pricing; Slaughter weight; Feedlots; Calves; Marginal returns Abstract: Changing the body composition of beef has implications for the entire beef production system. The dynamic nature of an animal's body composition and the production system itself make predictions of the implications of genetic change in body composition difficult. The cow-calf, stocker, and feeder segments of the production system will be affected differently. Leaner cattle tend to be slaughtered at heavier weights. Heavier weights effectively reduce composition differences of slaughter beef to less than the genetic differences. The effects of four pricing scenarios on slaughter weight and composition were evaluated for two leaner genotypes, one with no change in marbling and one with reduced marbling. A genetic difference of 1.0 yield grade at the same carcass weight resulted in slaughter beef that differed by .4 to 1.0 yield grade because of increased slaughter weights. Separate analyses suggested the stocker segment of beef production will be least affected by changes in body composition. Genotypes that are best fitted to slaughter requirements will have the most flexibility in types of stocker systems that can be used. The cow-calf segment of beef production has several options to adapt to leaner cattle. Management to reduce nutritional stress on leaner cows may be required by some producers. Increased selection for reproductive traits in cow genotypes may be needed. An alternative to selection for reproduction is terminal crossing to partially disassociate the slaughter animal's genotype from the cow's genotype. 224 NAL Call. No.: 58.9 IN7 Improvements in animal welfare. Randall, J.M. Silsoe : Institution of Agricultural Engineers; 1986. The Agricultural engineer v. 41 (3): p. 84-90. ill; 1986. Paper presented at the convention on "Pressures for Change Generate Engineering Opportunities," May 13, 1986. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal welfare; Animal husbandry; Livestock housing; Animal production; Abattoirs 225 NAL Call. No.: SF207.S68 In vitro analysis of drought stressed, chopped sunflower heads as a a protein supplement for cattle grazing corn crop residues. Thomson, D.U.; Pritchard, R.H. Brookings, SD : Animal and Range Sciences Dept., Agricultural Experiment Station, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State Unviersity, [1986?-; 1992 Aug. South Dakota beef report (92-3): p. 5-8; 1992 Aug. Language: English Descriptors: South Dakota; Cabt; Sunflowers; Maize silage; Protein supplements; Soybeans; Soybean oilmeal; Urea; Fermentation; Beef cattle; Grazing; Dry matter 226 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AU72 Induction of heat stress in beef cattle by feeding the ergots of Claviceps purpurea. Ross, A.D.; Bryden, W.L.; Bakau, W.; Burgess, L.W. Brunswick, Victoria : Australian Veterinary Association; 1989 Aug. Australian veterinary journal v. 66 (8): p. 247-249; 1989 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Animal feeding; Ergot; Barley; Feed grains; Contamination; Claviceps purpurea; Ingestion toxicity 227 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Induction of tall fescue toxicosis in heat-stressed cattle and its alleviation with thiamin. Dougherty, C.T.; Lauriault, L.M.; Bradley, N.W.; Gay, N.; Cornelius, P.L. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Mar. Journal of animal science v. 69 (3): p. 1008-1018; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Festuca arundinacea; Acremonium coenophialum; Heat stress; Poisoning; Thiamin; Grazing behavior; Grazing time; Alkaloids; Feed intake Abstract: Livestock grazing endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum)-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. cv. Kentucky 31) at high ambient temperatures may suffer from fescue toxicosis. Adult Angus cows (Bos taurus) were fed 0 to 1 kg/d of 70% infected tall fescue seed containing about 4.4 g of loline alkaloids in factorial combination with thiamin at 0 or 1 g/d. Cows assigned to the zero level of tall fescue seed received a supplement of equivalent energy and protein. Ingestive behavior was measured at 1330 to 1430 EDT during two 4-d periods in two consecutive weeks in August on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) pastures using a tethered grazing system. Alfalfa intake per measured grazing session of cows given tall fescue seed declined linearly (P < .01) as air temperatures during grazing increased above 25 degrees C, largely because of shorter grazing meals. Thiamin increased alfalfa intake per measured grazing session by extending grazing time. Alkaloids in ingested endophyte- infected tall fescue induce thiamin deficiencies in cattle that result in symptoms of tall fescue toxicosis. 228 NAL Call. No.: S671.A33 An industry view of engineering research needs for livestock. Blackshaw, J.K. Victoria : Agricultural Engineering Society; 1990. Agricultural engineering Australia v. 19 (1): p. 14-15; 1990. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Livestock; Handling; Agricultural engineering; Research; Sheep; Shearing; Pig housing; Transport; Ultrasonic devices 229 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Influence of breed and rearing management on cattle reactions during human handling. Boivin, X.; Le Neindre, P.; Garel, J.P.; Chupin, J.M. Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier, 1984-; 1994 Feb. Applied animal behaviour science v. 39 (2): p. 115-122; 1994 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Salers; Beef breeds; Breed differences; Cattle husbandry; Man; Handling; Aggressive behavior; Traditional farming; Interactions 230 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5 Influence of naloxone and yohimbine administration on pulsatile LH secretion in luteal phase beef cows. Schoenemann, H.M.; Richards, M.W.; Sangiah, S.; Wettemann, R.P. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Feb. Theriogenology v. 33 (2): p. 509-518; 1990 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Lh; Hormone secretion; Estrous cycle; Neurotransmitters; Antagonists; Stress 231 NAL Call. No.: SF1.S6 Influence of pen area and trough space on feedlot performance of beef cattle. Van Niekerk, B.D.H.; Jacobs, G.A. Pretoria : South African Society of Animal Production; 1985 Dec. South African journal of animal science; Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir veekunde v. 15 (4): p. 164-166; 1985 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Feedlots; Feed troughs; Pens; Fattening performance 232 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5 Influence of prepartum exposure of beef heifers to winter weather on concentrations of plasma energy-yielding substrates, serum hormones and birth weight of calves. Andreoli, K.M.; Minton, J.E.; Spire, M.F.; Schalles, R.R. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1988 Mar. Theriogenology v. 29 (3): p. 631-642; 1988 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Heifers; Prepartum period; Winter; Cold stress; Glucose; Cortisol; Nonesterified fatty acids; Estradiol; Calves; Birth weight 233 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55 The influence of pre-slaughter transport and lairage on meat quality in pigs of two genotypes. Warriss, P.D.; Brown, S.N.; Bevis, E.A.; Kestin, S.C. S.l. : Durrant; 1990 Feb. Animal production v. 50 (pt.1): p. 165-172; 1990 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pigs; Genotypes; Meat lines; Large white; Landrace; Transport of animals; Meat quality; Stress; Slaughter 234 NAL Call. No.: RC620.A1N8 Influence of roughage source on wintering beef heifer performance. Bagley, C.P.; Morrison, D.G.; Feazel, J.I.; Mooso, G.D. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth; 1989 Mar. Nutrition reports international v. 39 (3): p. 575-585; 1989 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Heifers; Roughage; Sources; Performance Abstract: Three roughage sources (bermudagrass hay, cottonseed hulls and soybean straw) were evaluated using weanling beef heifers for preference, voluntary intake and performance during wintering trials. In trial 1, when given access to all three roughage sources, heifers preferred (P less than .05) bermudagrass hay (7.3 kg/d) to either cottonseed hulls (.2 kg/d) or soybean straw (.1 kg/d). In trial 2, voluntary intakes of the roughage sources fed individually and unsupplemented were higher for bermudagrass hay (P less than .05) than cottonseed hulls, which was greater (P less than .05) than soybean straw. During the winter performance trial (trial 3), heifers consuming the bermudagrass hay diet had heavier (P less than .01) final weights (255 vs 235 kg) and higher (P less than .01) daily gains (.36 vs .15 kg) than heifers fed other roughage-based diets. Cottonseed hull diets produced heifers with higher daily gains and final weights (P less than .01) compared with soybean straw diets. Corn added to the diets of either cottonseed hulls or soybean straw increased (P less than .05) heifer gains and final weights. Performance of heifers on all diets, except soybean straw, was acceptable. Heifers receiving soybean straw without supplemental corn grain had weight losses during the winter phase, while those fed soybean straw plus supplemental corn gained only .11 kg/d. Daily dietary costs were similar only when cottonseed hulls could be purchased and handled in bulk rather than sacked. 235 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The influence of social factors on allogrooming in cows. Sato, S.; Tarumizu, K.; Hatae, K. Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier, 1984-; 1993 Dec. Applied animal behaviour science v. 38 (3/4): p. 235-244; 1993 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cows; Beef cows; Grooming; Kinship; Social structure; Spatial distribution; Social interaction; Altruism 236 NAL Call. No.: SF810.V4 Influence of transport stress on trichostrongylid infection in feedlot beef cattle. Genchi, C.; Traldi, G.; Locatelli, A. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1986 Aug. Veterinary parasitology v. 21 (3): p. 211-215; 1986 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Transport; Stress; Feedlots; Trichostrongylidae; Blood chemistry; Pepsinogen 237 NAL Call. No.: HV4890.A3A9 Intensive livestock production report. Australia. Parliament. Senate. Select Committee on Animal Welfare Canberra : Australian Govt. Pub. Service,; 1990. xxviii, 320 p. ; 25 cm. At head of title: Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia. June 1990. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal welfare; Livestock 238 NAL Call. No.: 286.8 N47M Interstate differences in the cost of complying with feedlot environmental regulations: an initial investigation. Ridley, E.J.H.; Morison, J.B.; Griffith, G.R. Armidale : Australian Agricultural Economics Society, Inc; 1994 Apr. Review of marketing and agricultural economics v. 62 (1): p. 79-88; 1994 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Cabt; Beef cattle; Environmental policy; Regulations; Operating costs; Economic impact; Commercial farming; Farm comparisons 239 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.265 Introduction of foreign genes into livestock Robert Wall. Wall, Robert United States, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Technology Transfer and Assessment Staff Washington : D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Technology Transfer and Assessment Staff,; 1986. 1 videocassette (VHS) (ca. 53 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. Language: English Descriptors: Animal genetic engineering; United States; Livestock; United States; Genetic engineering; Animal genetics; Research; Animal welfare 240 NAL Call. No.: SF206.R8 Ionizatsiia vozdukha v zhivotnovodcheskikh pomeshcheniiakh [Ionization of air in livestock housing]. Rudakov, V. V.; Aleksandrova, S. K. Leningrad : Agropromizdat,; 1987. 62 p. : ill. ; 20 cm. (Novoe v sel'skom khoziaistve). Language: Russian Descriptors: Livestock; Soviet Union; Housing; Air, Ionized 241 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.K2K3 Kansas beef industry: facts and figures. Dhuyvetter, K.C.; Kuhl, G.L.; Eck, T.P. Manhattan, Kan. : The Service; 1992 Nov. MF - Cooperative Extension Service, Kansas State University, Manhattan (1057): 20 p.; 1992 Nov. Language: English Descriptors: Kansas; Cattle; Beef cows; Feedlots; Beef production; Statistics; Marketing; Crop production 242 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.K2K3 Kansas feedlot industry--facts and figures. Dhuyvetter, K.C.; Laudert, S.B. Manhattan, Kan. : The Service; 1991 Oct. MF - Cooperative Extension Service, Kansas State University, Manhattan (1017): 14 p.; 1991 Oct. Includes statistical data. Language: English Descriptors: Kansas; Cattle; Feedlots; Beef production; Slaughter; Productivity; Statistical data; Marketing 243 NAL Call. No.: SF91.I568 1987 Latest developments in livestock housing Seminar of the 2nd Technical Section of the C.I.G.R.. International Commission of Agricultural Engineering. 2nd Technical Section. Seminar (1987 : University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign); American Society of Agricultural Engineers St. Joseph, Mich.? : The Society,; 1987. vii, 417 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (Reports / International Commission of Agricultural Engineering). Includes bibliographies. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Housing; Congresses 244 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3) Lead steers as a management tool for stressed stocker cattle. Hays, V.S.; Johnson, B.D.; Gill, D.R.; Lusby, K.S.; Owens, F.N.; Smith, R.A.; Ball, R.L. Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1988 Jun. Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University (125): p. 99-104; 1988 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Steers; Bulls; Pens; Stress; Animal health 245 NAL Call. No.: SF207.S68 Limiting intake of finishing diets by restricting access time to feed and the interaction with monensin. Birkelo, C.P.; Lounsbery, J. Brookings, SD : Animal and Range Sciences Dept., Agricultural Experiment Station, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State Unviersity, [1986?-; 1992 Aug. South Dakota beef report (92-10): p. 38-41; 1992 Aug. Language: English Descriptors: South Dakota; Cabt; Beef cattle; Monensin; Restricted feeding; Liveweight gain; Feedlots; Feeding frequency 246 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Live animal measurement of carcass traits by ultrasound: assessment and accuracy of sonographers. Robinson, D.L.; McDonald, C.A.; Hammond, K.; Turner, J.W. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Jun. Journal of animal science v. 70 (6): p. 1667-1676; 1992 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Ultrasonic fat meters; Ultrasonography; Training courses; Fat thickness; Longissimus dorsi; Body fat; Ribs; Rump; Accuracy; Errors; Carcass composition Abstract: The establishment and evaluation of an assessment system to accredit sonographers for measuring the carcass traits of subcutaneous fat depths and longissimus muscle area (LMA) on potential breeding animals by real-time ultrasound is described. Repeatability of operators, variation between the animal's left and right sides, and variations in technique were assessed from measurements and repeat measurements of 30 cattle by up to eight operators at three testing sessions. Accuracy of carcass data was determined by repeatability of measurements, variability between measurers, between left and right sides of the carcass, and variation due to handling and dressing procedures. Correlations with carcass data averaged .92 for rump fat, .90 for rib fat, and .87 for LMA. Residual SD averaged .81 mm, .88 mm, and 5.1 cm2. A very experienced sonographer can measure LMA only marginally less accurately than it can be measured on the carcass. In Session 3, the SE between repeat fat measurements for accredited sonographers averaged .43 mm, indicating that fat depths can be measured more accurately, but when comparing measurements from different operators, adjustments may be required for differences in technique, otherwise overall accuracy will be about the same, approximately 1 mm. Scanned rump fat measurements were consistently approximately 20% higher than on the chilled, hanging carcass 24 h after slaughter; after applying the standard correction factor of 1.17, LMA measurements were similar. Scan and carcass rib fat measurements were similar for animals with less than or equal to 10 mm of fat cover, above which carcass measurements tended to be higher. 247 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7A45 Livestock bedding: new market for old news?. Richard, T. Batavia, N.Y. : Agricultural Div. of Coop Extension, Four Western Plain Counties, N.Y. State; 1989 Nov. Ag impact v. 16 (11): p. 8-10; 1989 Nov. Language: English Descriptors: New York; Bedding; Animal housing; Newspapers; Recycling 248 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M36B Livestock enterprises for the part-time farm. Perry, J.G.; Barao, S.M. College Park, Md. : The Service; 1991-1992. Bulletin - Cooperative Extension Service, University of Maryland (349): 10 p.; 1991-1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock enterprises; Part time farming; Species; Livestock; Feeding; Animal housing; Reproduction; Animal health; Flocks; Livestock products; Marketing 249 NAL Call. No.: SF91.I5 1988 Livestock environment III proceedings of the Third International Livestock Environment Symposium, April 25-27, 1988, Constellation Hotel, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.. Livestock environment 3 Livestock environment three American Society of Agricultural Engineers International Livestock Environment Symposium 3rd : 1988 : Toronto, Ont. St. Joseph, Mich., USA : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,; 1988. viii, 470 p. ; 23 cm. (ASAE publication ; 88-1.). Includes bibliographies. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Housing; Congresses; Livestock; Ecology; Congresses; Veterinary physiology; Congresses; Veterinary hygiene; Congresses 250 NAL Call. No.: SF91.I5 1988 Livestock environment in perspective: a look ahead. Hahn, G.L. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1988. Livestock environment III : proceedings of the Third International Livestock Environment Symposium, April 25-27, 1988, Constellation Hotel, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. p. 469-470; 1988. (ASAE publication ; 1-88). Language: English Descriptors: Livestock enterprises; Environmental control; Quality product; Automation; Decision making; Research policy; Livestock housing 251 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Livestock handling and transport video. Hoke, K.E.; Grandin, T. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1988. Journal of animal science v. 66 (suppl.1): p. 516; 1988. Paper presented at the 80th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science, held July 19-22, 1988, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Includes abstract. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Handling; Transport of animals; Videotapes 252 NAL Call. No.: SF91.S3 1988 Livestock health and housing., 3rd ed.. Sainsbury, David,; Sainsbury, Peter, London ; Philadelphia : Bailliere Tindall,; 1988. xi, 319 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. Includes bibliographies and index. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Housing; Veterinary hygiene 253 NAL Call. No.: SF601.T7 Livestock production in central Mali: ownership, management and productivity of poultry in the traditional sector. Kuit, H.G.; Traore, A.; Wilson, R.T. Edinburgh : Scottish Academic Press; 1986 Nov. Tropical animal health and production v. 18 (4): p. 222-231; 1986 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mali; Poultry farming; Egg production; Flocks; Types; Poultry housing; Farm management; Mortality 254 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3 Livestock productivity assessment and herd growth models. Upton, M. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1989. Agricultural systems v. 29 (2): p. 149-164; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Herd size; Prediction; Herd structure; Growth models; Productivity; Reproductive performance; Mortality; Milk yield 255 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3 Livestock productivity assessment and modelling. Upton, M. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1993. Agricultural systems v. 43 (4): p. 459-472; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock numbers; Herd structure; Productivity; Growth models; Assessment; Outturn; Case studies; Reproduction; Mortality; Yields; Mathematical models 256 NAL Call. No.: SF428.6.S56 Livestock protection dogs selection, care, and training. Sims, David E.,; Dawydiak, Orysia, Ft. Payne, AL : OTR Publications,; 1990. 128 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock protection dogs 257 NAL Call. No.: SF85.4.A9G72 1985 Losses and diseases induced by transport. Shaw, F.D. Indooroopilly, QLD : Australian Veterinary Association (Queensland Division); 1985. Grazing Animal Welfare Symposium : proceedings of a symposium held at the Bardon Professional Development Centre, Brisbane, on April 26th and 27th, 1985 / [editors: Brian L. Moore and Peter J. Chenoweth]. p. 145-154; 1985. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Losses; Mortality; Transport; Tetany; Liveweight; Carcass weight; Bruising; Stress; Beef quality 258 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Major biological consequences of aflatoxicosis in animal production. Pier, A.C. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Dec. Journal of animal science v. 70 (12): p. 3964-3967; 1992 Dec. Paper presented at a symposium entitled "Current Perspectives on Mycotoxins in Animal Feeds," Laramie, WY. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Aflatoxins; Feeds; Contamination; Aflatoxicosis; Species differences; Age differences; Susceptibility; Economic impact Abstract: Aflatoxins, a family of closely related, biologically active mycotoxins, have been known as a prominent cause of animal disease for 30 yr. The toxins occur naturally on several key animal feeds, including corn, cottonseed, and peanuts. Occurrence of aflatoxin on some field crops tends to spike in years when drought and insect damage facilitate invasion by the causative organisms, Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, which abound in the crop's environment. Acute aflatoxicosis causes a distinct overt clinical disease marked by hepatitis, icterus, hemorrhage, and death. More chronic aflatoxin poisoning produces very protean signs that may not be clinically obvious; reduced rate of gain in young animals is a sensitive clinical register of chronic aflatoxicosis. The immune system is also sensitive to aflatoxin, and suppression of cell-mediated immune responsiveness, reduced phagocytosis, and depressed complement and interferon production are produced. Acquired immunity from vaccination programs may be substantially suppressed in some disease models. In such cases the signs of disease observed are those of the infectious process rather than those of the aflatoxin that predisposed the animal to infection. Mixtures of aflatoxin with other mycotoxins can result in greatly augmented biological responses in terms of rate of gain, lethality, and immune reactivity. Because of its great biological activity, its widespread potential presence in areas where critical feed crops axe grown, and its propensity to spike in problem years, aflatoxin promises to be a continuing problem in animal production. 259 NAL Call. No.: SF61.M35 1988 Management and welfare of farm animals., 3rd ed.. Universities Federation for Animal Welfare London : Bailliere Tindall,; 1988. x, 260 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. The WFAW handbook. Includes bibliographies and index. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock 260 NAL Call. No.: 275.9 N213 Management of a student-run livestock facility. Wilson, M.E.; Conway, G. Urbana, Ill. : The Association; 1986 Sep. NACTA journal - National Association of Colleges and Teachers of Agriculture v. 30 (3): p. 29; 1986 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock farming; Agricultural education; College students 261 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Management of yearling bulls in a feedlot. MacNeil, M.D.; Gregory, K.E.; Ford, J.J. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1989 Apr. Journal of animal science v. 67 (4): p. 858-864; 1989 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Bulls; Cattle husbandry; Dry lot feeding; Feedlots; Beef production; Group size 262 NAL Call. No.: SF140.L58K58 1991 Massentierhaltung aktuelle Fragen, sachliche Antworten [Mass animal rearing]., 1. Aufl.. Kleinschmidt, Nina; Eimler, Wolf-Michael Gottingen : Echo,; 1991. 96 p. : ill. ; 18 cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-94). Language: German Descriptors: Livestock factories; Animal welfare 263 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Maternal breed of sire effects on postweaning performance of heifer and steer progeny: postweaning growth and carcass characteristics. Urick, J.J.; Reynolds, W.L.; Knapp, B.W. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Nov. Journal of animal science v. 69 (11): p. 4377-4387; 1991 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Liveweight gain; Carcass composition; Breed differences; Sires; Crossbred progeny; Growth; Heifers; Steers Abstract: Heifer and steer progeny of 2-yr-old first-cross (F1) heifers and 3- to 6-yr-old F1 cows, from Hereford dams and five sire breeds, were evaluated for postweaning feedlot growth and carcass composition. Breeds of sire of dam were Angus (A), Red Poll (RP), Tarentaise (T), Simmental (Sm), and Pinzgauer (P). Calves from 2-yr-old heifers were sired by Shorthorn, and calves from 3- to 6-yr-old dams were sired by Charolais. Breed of sire of dam was significant (P < .05 to P < .01) for total gain and final weight for female progeny from 2-yr-old dams. At all weights, Sm, P, and T ranked above A and RP. Progeny of A, P, Sm, and T F1 2-yr-old dams were not significantly different but were higher (P < .05) than RP heifers in total feedlot gain. Breed of sire of dam was significant (P < .05) for carcass weight and longissimus muscle area; T ranked highest and RP lowest. Breed was not significant for any growth traits of steer progeny of 2-yr-old dams. Breed was significant for marbling score; A ranked highest and exceeded (P < .01) both RP and Sm steers. Breed was significant (P < .05) for most growth traits in the heifer progeny of the 3- to 6-yr-old dams bred to Charolais sires. Heifer calves of the Sm group were heavier (P < .05) than all other groups for most weights and total gain. For total gain, P and T were intermediate and A and RP lowest. For heifer carcass traits from 3- to 6-yr-old dams, breed was significant (P < .05 to P < .01) for carcass weight, longissimus muscle area, percentage of cutability, and estimated kidney, heart, and pelvic fat. Heifers from Sm-sired dams were heavier (P < .05) than those from all other groups but ranked second to heifers from P for percentage of cutability. Marbling scores of RP heifer carcasses ranked highest of all groups. Breed was not significant (P > .05) for any of the weights or gains in steer progeny of 3- to 6-yr-old dams; however, the Sm and P groups ranked above A and RP for all feedlot test weights. Breed was significan 264 NAL Call. No.: QP145.I52 1984 Metabolic responses to cold. Sasaki, Y.; Weekes, T.E.C. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall; 1986. Control of digestion and metabolism in ruminants : proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology, held at Banff, Canada, Sept 10-14, 1984 / edited by L.P. Milligan, W.L. Grovum, and A. Dobson. p. 326-343; 1986. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Ruminants; Cold stress; Endocrinology; Heat production; Metabolism; Rumen digestion 265 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T A method of evaluating solar heat storage in livestock buildings. Sokhansanj, S.; Barber, E.M. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1986 May. Transactions of the ASAE - American Society of Agricultural Engineers v. 29 (3): p. 816-818. ill; 1986 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock housing; Solar heating; Evaluation; Ventilation 266 NAL Call. No.: SF91.I8 Mikroklimat zhivotnovodcheskikh ferm i kompleksov [Microclimate of animal farms and complexes].. Mikroklimat ferm i kompleksov IUrkov, V. M. Moskva : Rossel'khozizdat,; 1985. 222 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. Spine title: Mikroklimat ferm i kompleksov. Bibliography: p. 221. Language: Russian Descriptors: Animal housing; Soviet Union; Climate; Microclimatology; Soviet Union; Livestock; Soviet Union; Housing 267 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N9C46 Minimum facilities for beef cattle production. Hirning, H.J. Fargo, N.D. : The University; 1990 Jan. NDSU Extension Service [publication] - North Dakota State University (AE-986): 16 p.; 1990 Jan. Language: English Descriptors: North Dakota; Beef cattle; Farm structure; Construction; Windbreaks; Straw cobs; Barns; Fencing; Feedlots; Water troughs; Feed dispensers 268 NAL Call. No.: HD1775.M5M5 no.92-5 Minnesota's livestock industries past, present and future structural change. Olson, Kent D.; Grande, Jorunn; Bjornstad, Even; Allen, Kristen University of Minnesota, Dept. of Agricultural and Applied Economics St. Paul, Minn. : Dept. of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, College of Agriculture,; 1992. xiv, 70 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (Economic report (Saint Paul, Minn.) ; ER92-5.). June, 1992. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70). Language: English Descriptors: Animal industry; Agricultural productivity; Livestock 269 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 A model of the bioclimatic value of shelter to beef cattle. Higgins, K.P.; Dodd, V.A. London : Academic Press; 1989 Mar. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 42 (3): p. 149-164. maps; 1989 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Scotland; Beef cattle; Shelter; Bioclimate; Thermodynamics; Mathematical models; Energy intake; Liveweight gains; Meteorological factors; Computer simulation; Winter; Performance 270 NAL Call. No.: HM206.A1H8 Modeling Rendille household herd composition. Roth, E.A. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Dec. Human ecology v. 18 (4): p. 441-455; 1990 Dec. In the special issue: Empirical approaches to household organization. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kenya; Camels; Cattle; Livestock numbers; Herd structure; Households; Decision making; Pastoralism; Traditions; Cultural change 271 NAL Call. No.: SF91.I568 1987 Natural convection efficiency in modeling houses and its effectiveness in animal production. Takezono, T.; Murakami, R.; Sase, S. St. Joseph, Mich.? : The Society; 1987. Latest developments in livestock housing : Seminar of the 2nd Technical Section of the C.I.G.R. / Univ of Illinois, Urbana- Champaign, Illinois, USA, June 22-26, 1987 ; hosted by American Society of Agricultural Engineers. p. 171-178. ill; 1987. (Reports / International Commission of Agricultural Engineering). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Japan; Livestock housing; Poultry housing; Convection; Natural ventilation; Design calculations; Models 272 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 Naxcel for stressed stocker cattle. Johnson, B.D.; Gill, D.R.; Smith, R.A.; Ball, R.L. Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1990 Jun. Annual report - Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station (129): p. 217-220; 1990 Jun. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Transport of animals; Stress response; Respiratory diseases; Cephalosporins; Treatment; Liveweight gain; Mortality; Morbidity; Disease control 273 NAL Call. No.: HV4877.A43E96 The need for change in the exploitation of domesticated livestock. Topps, J.H. Aberdeen [Scotland] : Aberdeen University African Studies Group; 1988. The Exploitation of animals in Africa : proceedings of a colloquium at the University of Aberdeen, March 1987 / edited by Jeffrey C. Stone. p. 53-63; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Africa; Domestic animals; Domestication; Resource exploitation; Animal production; Production structure; Structural change 274 NAL Call. No.: 44.8 J824 New advances in humane slaughter of meat animals. Childers, A.B. Ames, Iowa : International Association of Milk, Food, and Environmental Sanitarians; 1987 Aug. Journal of food protection v. 50 (8): p. 709-710; 1987 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Meat animals; Stunning; Animal welfare; Heart; Electrical treatment; Meat quality; Blood 275 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 New concepts of bovine viral diarrhea virus disease and control. Shulaw, W.P.; Brock, K.V.; Hoblet, K.H. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1991 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (91-2): p. 89-93; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Bovine diarrhea virus; Disease prevention; Disease control; Vaccination; Feedlots; Diagnosis; Puerperium; Congenital infection 276 NAL Call. No.: SF191.G4 New teaching, research facilities sought for UGA livestock programs. Macon, Ga. : Georgia Cattlemen's Association; 1989 Sep. Georgia cattleman v. 17 (9): p. 31. maps; 1989 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: Georgia; Livestock; Instruction; Schools; Buildings; University research 277 NAL Call. No.: 421 J828 New version of LSTSIM for computer simulation of Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) population dynamics. Mount, G.A.; Haile, D.G.; Barnard, D.R.; Daniels, E. Lanham, Md. : The Entomological Society of America; 1993 Sep. Journal of medical entomology v. 30 (5): p. 843-857; 1993 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Oklahoma; Cabt; Kentucky; Cabt; Tennessee; Cabt; Amblyomma Americanum; Population dynamics; Simulation models; Computer simulation Abstract: A previous version of Lone Star Tick Simulation Model (LSTSIM) for a wildlife ecosystem was revised and expanded to include a beef cattle forage area and improved handling of tick-host- habitat interactions. Relationships between environmental and biological variables were also refined in the new version. General validity of the revised model was established by comparing simulated and observed host-seeking populations of Amblyomma americanum (L.) at five geographic locations, three in Oklahoma and two in Kentucky- Tennessee. Additional validity was indicated from comparisons of simulated and observed seasonality of lone star ticks at one location in Kentucky. The model produced acceptable values for initial population growth rate, generation time, and 15-yr population density when historical weather files for 14 locations in the United States were used. The model of A. americanum population dynamics was used to study the relationship between tick density and density of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman), and cattle. The revised model can be used for additional simulation studies on effects of tick control technologies and integrated management strategies. 278 NAL Call. No.: 57.8 C734 Newsprint gets farmer and livestock okay. Temple, G. Emmaus, Pa. : J.G. Press; 1990 Sep. BioCycle v. 31 (9): p. 60-63. ill; 1990 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Newspapers; Livestock; Litter; Farming; Animal housing 279 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Nulliparous versus primiparous crossbred females for beef. Bailey, C.M.; Reid, C.R.; Ringkob, T.P.; Koh, Y.O.; Foote, W.D. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Apr. Journal of animal science v. 69 (4): p. 1403-1408; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Heifers; Crossbreds; Breed differences; Fattening performance; Carcass composition; Carcass quality; Beef; Tenderness; Shear strength Abstract: Feedlot and carcass traits of nulliparous and primiparous females representing eight breed types, including Bos taurus and Bos indicus X Bos taurus crosses, were evaluated. Nulliparous females (heifers) were in the feedlot for 4 mo; primiparous females (heiferettes) were fed for 2 1/3 mo after their calves were weaned at 6 mo of age. Heifers averaged higher (P < .01) in dressing percentage, percentage of kidney fat, carcass grade (P < .10), and color of lean (P < .05) compared with heiferettes. Heiferettes exceeded the nulliparous group in feedlot ADG (P < .01), fat thickness (P < .05), and percentage of steak, roast, and bone (P < .01). Parity effects on carcass weight, longissimus area, marbling, pH, and shear force value were not statistically significant. Dam breed types differed in several traits, including marbling (P < .05) and percentage of steak (P < .10), roast (P < .01), and bone (P < .01). Dam breed X parity interactions were nonsignificant. Results show that beef derived from heiferettes is competitive with heifer beef. 280 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AU72 Objective measures of welfare in farming environments. Blackshaw, J.K. Brunswick, Victoria : Australian Veterinary Association; 1986 Nov. Australian veterinary journal v. 63 (11): p. 361-364; 1986 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Animal welfare; Animal health; Animal behavior; Physiology; Animal production; Animal husbandry 281 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Observations on white-tailed deer and habitat response to livestock grazing in south Texas. Cohen, W.E.; Drawe, D.L.; Bryant, F.C.; Bradley, L.C. Denver : American Society for Range Management, 1948-; 1989 Sep. Journal of range management v. 42 (5): p. 361-365; 1989 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Texas; Cabt; Odocoileus Virginianus; Rotational grazing Abstract: Since short duration grazing (SDG) was introduced to Texas, concern for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has magnified because they are a species of major economic importance to ranchers. The objective of this study was to observe the effects of SDG and continuous yearlong grazing (CG) on home ranges and movement indices of female deer, and on forage availability. The study was conducted on the Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Refuge, near Sinton, Texas. The study area included a 10-pasture SDG cell and a CG pasture, each stocked at 2.8 ha/auy. Cattle grazed each SDG paddock 2 to 8 days; paddocks were rested 32 to 47 days. A total of 3,961 radio-fixes from 11 does was collected over an 11-month study period in 1983. Monthly and annual home ranges of does were similar (P > 0.05) between SDG (207 ha) and CG (229 ha). However, white-tailed deer traveled 35% more (P < 0.05) between fixes in SDG (449 m) than in CG (332 m) from May to August, a time of greatest physiological and nutritional stress for female deer in south Texas. Also, does avoided (P < 0.05) cattle during 2 cycles of the SDG rotation. The primary trend observed was for the deer under SDG to avoid cattle concentrations by alternating between preferred habitats rather than a predictable paddock-to-paddock movement. In general, there were few differences in total grass and forb cover between SDG and CG. However, several forage species important to deer were less frequent (P < 0.05) under SDG than CG. 282 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.791 Our side of the fence produced by National Cattlemen's Association. National Cattlemen's Association (U.S.) Englewood, CO. : National Cattlemen's Association,; 1989. 1 videocassette (9 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 guide. VHS. Funded by Beef Promotion & Research Board. "3/89"--Slip cover. Language: English Descriptors: Animal welfare; Beef cattle industry; Livestock 283 NAL Call. No.: SF601.T7 An outbreak of haemorrhagic septicaemia (septicaemic pasteurellosis) in cattle in Zimbabwe. Lane, E.P.; Kock, N.D.; Hill, F.W.G.; Mohan, K. Midlothian, Scotland : University of Edinburgh; 1992 May. Tropical animal health and production v. 24 (2): p. 97-102; 1992 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Zimbabwe; Beef cattle; Pasteurella multocida; Pasteurellosis; Outbreaks; Stress factors; Morbidity; Mortality; Postmortem examinations 284 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Output/input differences among nonpregnant, lactating Bos indicus-Bos taurus and Bos taurus-Bos taurus F1 cross cows. Green, R.D.; Cundiff, L.V.; Dickerson, G.E.; Jenkins, T.G. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Aug. Journal of animal science v. 69 (8): p. 3156-3166; 1991 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Zebu breeds; Crossbred progeny; Crossbreeding; Energy intake; Body weight; Milk production; Feed conversion efficiency; Growth Abstract: Nonpregnant F1 crossbred cows, progeny of either Hereford (H) or Angus (A) dams and sired by Brahman (Bm), Sahiwal (Sw), Pinzgauer (Pz), H or A sires, were fed to maintain initial weight while rearing Charolais (C)-sired progeny for a period of 126 d in drylot commencing at about 48 d postpartum. Cow-calf pairs were assigned to equalize cow age, calf sex, and breed of cow's dam among three replicate pens of approximately 12 pairs each. Cows and calves were weighed every 2 wk and feed intake was adjusted to minimize change in cow weight. Metabolizable energy (ME) consumption for zero cow weight change was estimated by regression. Milk production was estimated by weigh-suckle, weigh at 58, 85, 125, and 170 d of lactation. Calf gain (GAIN, kg) relative to cow weight (CWT 1, kg) was higher (P < .01) for calves from Bm-X (139.5/585) and Sw-X (132.2/534) than for calves from Pz- X (127.2/552) and HA-X (116.9/547) cows. Estimated mean daily production of milk was 7.40, 7.15, 7.28, and 6.37 kg for the Bm-X, Sw-X, Pz-.X, and HA-X, respectively. Total cow ME intake (TME cow) for breed groups ranked (P < .05) with cow size and milk production, and calf creep-feed intake (FME calf) was inversely related to estimated milk intake. Proportion of total feed ME (TME cow+calf) consumed by calves was higher (P < .05) for HA-X cows (18%) than for the others (14%). Total efficiency of calf gain in weight (GAIN/TME cow+calf) was 11 % greater (P < .05) for crossbred cows of Bos indicus X Bos taurus Bm-X, Sw-X) than for Bos taurus X Bos taurus (Pz-X, HA- X) cows (35 vs 32 g/Mcal) in the 126-d lactation period. 285 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P Particle size distribution of cattle feedlot dust emissions. Sweeten, J.M.; Parnell, C.B. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-4076): 21 p.; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International Summer Meeting, June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, PQ, Canada. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Feedlots; Dust; Emission; Beef cattle; Particle size distribution 286 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5 Patterns of development of gonads, sex-drive and hormonal responses in tropical beef bulls. Perry, V.E.A.; Chenoweth, P.J.; Post, T.B.; Munro, R.K. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1991 Feb. Theriogenology v. 35 (2): p. 473-486; 1991 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef bulls; Zebu; Testes; Libido; Hormone secretion; Sexual development; Genetic differences; Lh; Gnrh; Testosterone Abstract: The development of different traits was studied in tropical beef bulls of seven genotypes (Brahman, Africander, British and combinations of these) from approximately 500 to 910 d of age. Bulls were raised under pasture conditions without supplementation. At each examination, approximately 2 mo apart, bulls were weighed, palpated (including scrotal and testicular measurement), electroejaculated, and subjected to two libido tests with estrus-induced females. At alternate examinations, plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) was measured at 30 and 150 min post gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) injection (LH - 30 and LH - 150) and testosterone (T) was measured at 150 min (T - 150). In general, nutritional and environmental stressors appeared to impede bull reproductive development. Scrotal circumference increased nonlinearly, apparently influenced by puberty and average daily gain (ADG). Libido increased overall, albeit nonlinearly also. No apparent marked differences in development of either trait could be attributed to genotype differences, although Brahman bulls tended to display lower sexual interest. The LH-30 level was relatively high (>14 ng/ml) at 500 and 640 d of age, but then dropped markedly at 760 d followed by a slight recovery. The LH-150 level followed a similar pattern, although d was very low at 500 d of age. The T-150 level showed a reverse pattern, being lower initially and higher in the latter part of the study. No apparent genotype differences occurred. Possible contributory influences on these patterns, including the onset of puberty and sexual maturity, season and nutrition, are discussed herein. 287 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Pen sizes aboard livestock transport ships. Hoke, K.E. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1987. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 87-6070): 10 p.; 1987. Paper presented at the 1987 Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Virginia; Venezuela; Cattle; Transport; Pens; Size; Exports 288 NAL Call. No.: SF197.P47 1990 Penternakan secara fidlot [Feedlot system for beef cattles]. Yusof Hamali Ahmad; Omar, Mohamed Ariff,_1949-; Wan Zahari Mohamed Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia,; 1990. xi, 102 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-96) and index. Language: Malay Descriptors: Beef cattle; Beef cattle 289 NAL Call. No.: SF91.I5 1988 Performance and behavior responses of beef cattle to stable flies in warm environments. Wieman, G.A.; DeShazer, J.A.; Campbell, J.B. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1988. Livestock environment III : proceedings of the Third International Livestock Environment Symposium, April 25-27, 1988, Constellation Hotel, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. p. 315-321; 1988. (ASAE publication ; 1-88). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nebraska; Beef cattle; Stomoxys calcitrans; Pens; Bunching; Animal behavior; Weight gain; Feed intake; Heat stress 290 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Performance and health of weanling bulls after butorphanol and xylazine administration at castration. Faulkner, D.B.; Eurell, T.; Tranquilli, W.J.; Ott, R.S.; Ohl, M.W.; Cmarik, G.F.; Zinn, G. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Oct. Journal of animal science v. 70 (10): p. 2970-2974; 1992 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Steers; Castration; Analgesics; Liveweight gain; Feed intake; Feed conversion; Blood serum; Hydrocortisone; Haptoglobins Abstract: A total of 268 crossbred, 6- to 9-mo-old, bull calves (214 +/- 19 kg) were used in two separate 27-d experiments to assess the effects of butorphanol and xylazine administration (BXA) on the subsequent performance and health of beef calves. In each experiment, calves were randomly allotted to four treatment groups: 1) castration with BXA, 2) castration without BXA, 3) no castration with BXA, and 4) no castration without BXA. There were two replicates within each experiment. The intravenous administration of .07 mg/kg of butorphanol and .02 mg/kg of xylazine occurred 90 s before tail hold and castration procedures. Calves were placed in a squeeze chute and manually restrained by tail elevation. In Exp. 2, the cattle also were scored for chute activity (on a 1 to 5 scale with 5 being the most active). Cattle were weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment, feed intake was recorded daily, and cattle were monitored daily for respiratory disease. There were no castration X BXA interactions (P > .51). Castration reduced (P < .01) daily gain and gain/feed and tended (P = .13) to reduce feed intake. The administration of BXA had no effect (P > .05) on gain or gain/feed but did tend (P = .13) to reduce feed intake. No differences (P > .45) were observed in morbidity or mortality due to either BXA or castration. Castration and BXA increased (P < .01) blood cortisol levels on d 3, whereas control animals had reduced cortisol levels. Castration increased (P < .05) haptoglobin levels on d 3, but BXA had no effect (P > .05) on serum haptoglobin concentrations on d 3. Chute activity was reduced (P < .05) by castration and BXA. In this study, animal performance was reduced by castration. The administration of BXA did not alter stress indicators or improve performance of castrated bull calves. Serum haptoglobin may be a more specific indicator of the inflammatory process in cattle, whereas serum cortisol may be an indicator of the whole-body stress response. 291 NAL Call. No.: SF91.I5 1988 Performance of alternative veal housing systems. Rynk, R.F. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1988. Livestock environment III : proceedings of the Third International Livestock Environment Symposium, April 25-27, 1988, Constellation Hotel, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. p. 409-416; 1988. (ASAE publication ; 1-88). Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calf housing; Loose housing; Beef production; Cattle husbandry 292 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754 The performance of cattle stall-fed for beef in Malawi. Nkhonjera, L.; Agyemang, K.; Butterworth, M. Guildford : Butterworth Scientific; 1987 Apr. Tropical agriculture v. 64 (2): p. 105-110; 1987 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Malawi; Beef cattle; Cattle fattening; Stalls; Weight gain; Performance testing; Crop residues; Small farms 293 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P Performance of heat exchangers on three types of Quebecois livestock buildings. Lord, D.; Dutil, C.; Chagnon, R. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-4066): 8 p.; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International Summer Meeting, June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, PQ, Canada. Language: English Descriptors: Quebec; Animal housing; Heat exchangers; Ventilation; Pigs; Broilers; Calves 294 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822 Physiological and nutritional response of beef steers to combined infestations of horn fly and stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae). Schwinghammer, K.A.; Knapp, F.W.; Boling, J.A. College Park, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1987 Feb. Journal of economic entomology v. 80 (1): p. 120-125; 1987 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Haematobia irritans; Stomoxys calcitrans; Stress; Animal nutrition; Respiration rate; Digestibility; Body temperature; Blood chemistry; Heart rate; Cortisol; Nitrogen retention 295 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Planning fencing systems for intensive grazing management. Turner, L.W.; Absher, C.W.; Evans, J.K.; McNeill, S.G. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1987. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 87-4084): 19 p. ill; 1987. Paper presented at the 1987 Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Fencing; Systems; Planning; Controlled grazing; Beef cattle 296 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Plastic pot scrubbers replace roughage for cattle fed all concentrate diets. Loerch, S.C. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1990 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (90-2): p. 91-97; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Plastic nets; Concentrates; Feedlots; Roughage; Liveweight gain; Fattening performance 297 NAL Call. No.: HT401.J68 A political economy perspective on the expansion of New Zealand livestock farming, 1960-1984. I. Agricultural policy. Le Heron, R. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1989. Journal of rural studies v. 5 (1): p. 17-32; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New Zealand; Livestock farming; Agricultural policy; Politics; History; Structural change; Capitalism; Regulations; Pastoralism; Support measures; Investments 298 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535 Polyether ionophores--effect on rumen function in feedlot cattle. Corah, L.R. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1991 Mar. The Veterinary clinics of North America : food animal practice v. 7 (1): p. 127-132; 1991 Mar. In the series analytic: Beef cattle nutrition / edited by J. Maas. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Ionophores; Rumen metabolism; Feedlots; Fattening performance; Monensin; Lasalocid; Nitrogen metabolism; Mineral metabolism; Mode of action 299 NAL Call. No.: 100 K41PR Potassium in feedlot diets containing lasalocid. Gay, N.; Boling, J.A.; Dawson, K.A.; Dew, R. Lexington, Ky. : The Station; 1985 Nov. Progress report - Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station (291): p. 14-15; 1985 Nov. Documents available from Agriculture Library, Agricultural Science Center - North, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091. In the series analytic: 1985 beef cattle research report. Includes statistical data. Language: English Descriptors: Steers; Cattle fattening; Lasalocid; Potassium 300 NAL Call. No.: SF61.P73 1991 Practical animal handling. Anderson, R. S._1931-; Edney, A. T. B. Oxford ; New York : Pergamon Press,; 1991. xii, 198 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock 301 NAL Call. No.: SF87.B55 Pre- and post-weaning growth of different breeds of beef cattle in the tropics. Vercoe, J.E.; Frisch, J.E. Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1987. Bioclimatology and the adaptation of livestock / edited by H.D. Johnson. p. 59-63; 1987. (World animal science. B, Disciplinary approach ; 5). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Beef breeds; Tropics; Postweaning interval; Preweaning period; Growth; Environment; Stress; Adaptation 302 NAL Call. No.: SF191.2.I68 Preparations for receiving and processing stocker cattle. Richey, E.J. Morillton, Ark. : Winrock International; 1985. Emerging technology and management for ruminants : 1985 livestock seminars, International Stockmen's School / edited by Frank H. Baker and Mason E. Miller. p. 223-227; 1985. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Feedlots; Animal feeding; Vaccines; Drugs; Equipment; Supplies 303 NAL Call. No.: SF601.C66 Preparing Holstein beef calves for the feedyard. Smith, R.A.; Lynch, J.W. Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary Learning Systems Company, Inc; 1991 Nov. The Compendium on continuing education for the practicing veterinarian v. 13 (11): p. 1739-1744; 1991 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Beef production; Holstein-friesian; Animal health; Cattle husbandry; Feedlots; Feed rations; Cattle fattening 304 NAL Call. No.: HD9415.S5 1986 Prime cut livestock raising and meatpacking in the United States, 1607-1983., 1st ed. Skaggs, Jimmy M., College Station : Texas A&M University Press,; 1986. xiii, 263 p., [8] p. of plates : ill. ; 24 cm. Includes index. Bibliography: p. [219]-245. Language: English Descriptors: Meat industry and trade; United States; History; Cattle trade; United States; History; Stockyards; United States; History; Packing-houses; United States; History 305 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Problems and possibilities into the next decade involving beef cattle breeding research in the Southern Region: experiment station herds. Franke, D.E. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Oct. Journal of animal science v. 69 (10): p. 4229-4233; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Southern states of U.S.A.; Beef cattle; Animal breeding; Government research; Research support; Organization of research; Genetics Abstract: Opinions on expected support of animal breeding and genetics research into the next decade were requested from heads of Departments of Animal Science and directors of agricultural experiment stations in the Southern Region and from directors of agricultural experiment stations outside the Southern Region. A majority of administrators in all three groups expect a reduction in assignment of state appropriated funds for beef cattle breeding research compared with total support available. Cattle numbers and land areas assigned to breeding and genetics research may be more limited in the future. Directors of agricultural experiment stations expect animal breeding scientists to work more closely with scientists in biotechnology and to become more involved in multidisciplinary research to reduce the costs associated with maintaining large herds of cattle. Departments of Animal Science do not expect to reduce significantly the number of animal breeding positions, but they may reassign some that come open to balance departmental opportunities. Animal breeding scientists will be needed to educate graduate students, teach classes, and handle research responsibilities as in the past. 306 NAL Call. No.: SF5.W6 1988 Proceedings. Suomen kotielainjalostusyhdistys, World Association of Animal Production World Conference on Animal Production 6th : 1988 : Helsinki. S.l. : Finnish Animal Breeding Association,; 1988. 810 p. : Ill., maps ; 24 cm. On cover: WAAP-Helsinki, June 27-July 1, 1988. Includes bibliographies and index. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Congresses; Animal welfare 307 NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A54 1986 The proceedings of the Animal Welfare Foundation's Third Symposium entitled The welfare of animals in transit, held on 19 November 1986.. Welfare of animals in transit Gibson, T. E. Animal Welfare Foundation. Symposium 1986 : London, England?) London : BVA Animal Welfare Foundation, [1986?]; 1986. 115 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. (Symposia series (American Welfare Foundation) ; 1.). Includes bibliographies. Language: English Descriptors: Animal welfare; Animals, Treatment of; Congresses; Livestock; Transportation; Congresses; Animals; Transportation; Congresses 308 NAL Call. No.: HV4704.C65 1989 Proceedings of the conference on Agriculture & Animal Rights. New York (State), Legislature, Legislative Commission on Dairy Industry Development, New York Farm Bureau Conference on Agriculture & Animal Rights 1989 : Albany, N.Y. Albany, N.Y. ? : The Commission?, 1989?; 1989. v, 54 p. ; 28 cm. Hearing room "A", Legislative Office Building, Albany, New York, July 27, 1989. Language: English Descriptors: Animal welfare; Congresses; Agriculture; Congresses; Livestock; Congresses 309 NAL Call. No.: SF715.S4 1985 Proceedings of the Seminar on Primary Animal Health Care in Africa Blantyre, Republic of Malawi, 25-28 September 1985. Centre technique de cooperation agricole et rurale Seminar on Primary Animal Health Care in Africa 1985 : Blantyre, Malawi. Ede, The Netherlands : Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation, [1985?]; 1985. 122 p. : ill. ; 29 cm. Language: English Descriptors: Veterinary medicine; Africa; Congresses; Livestock; Africa; Congresses 310 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M58B Processing and starting new cattle on feed. Ritchie, H.D.; Rust, S.; Gibson, C.D.; Wardynski, F. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1992 Jan. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State University (1569,rev): 4 p.; 1992 Jan. In subseries: Michigan Beef Production. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Feedlots; Animal health; Vaccination; Inspection; Livestock feeding; Feed rations 311 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Production and environmental simulations in livestock housing. Diesch, M.A.; Froehlich, D.P. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1987. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 87-4514): 18 p.; 1987. Paper presented at the 1987 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Simulation models; Livestock housing; Environmental factors; Prediction; Environmental control; Production; Geographical distribution; Climate 312 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Productivity and profitability of twin births in beef cattle. De Rose, E.P.; Wilton, J.W. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Aug. Journal of animal science v. 69 (8): p. 3085-3093; 1991 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Twins; Female fertility; Growth; Carcass composition; Economic impact; Profitability; Feed intake; Milk yield; Weaning weight; Mathematical models; Profits Abstract: Data from 1,277 single and 85 twin calvings, occurring in both spring and fall from 1980 through 1987, were used to examine the productivity and profitability associated with twin births in beef cattle. Pregnancies in pure and crossbred cattle resulted from both AI and embryo transfer. Cows and calves were confinement-housed. Cows were individually fed to specification. Calves were given ad libitum access to creep feed and those born in 1986 and 1987 were fed to slaughter. The influence of birth number on gestation length, total calf birth and weaning weights, lactation yield, and cow feed intake during both the dry and lactating periods was examined. Twin-bearing cows had their gestation length shortened by 6.4 d (2%); yielded 25.5 (59) and 186.0 kg (73%) more weight of calf at birth and weaning, respectively; had lactation yield and lactation feed intake increased by 25 and 20%, respectively; and had precalving (dry) period feed intake no different from their single- bearing counterparts (P = .12). Postweaning growth was not different for single and twin calves (P = .50); twin gain, relative to initial size, was higher. Feedlot feed intake of twins was 85% of that for singletons (P = .20). Twins were 90% of singleton live weight at slaughter and yielded 93% of singleton hot carcass weight (P = .12). Twins were slightly older and significantly leaner at slaughter. Returns less feed costs showed twin births to be associated with increased profit for cow-calf programs. Returns less feed and overhead costs were higher for twin calves than for singles in the feedlot. 313 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 Propeller fan induction motors for ventilating livestock buildings. 1. Mathematical prediction of performance. Randall, J.M.; Elsayed, A.M. London : Academic Press; 1988 Oct. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 41 (2): p. 99-111. ill; 1988 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock housing; Ventilation; Fans; Propellers; Induction; Environmental control; Evaluation; Agricultural engineering 314 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 Propeller fan induction motors for ventilating livestock buildings. 2. Performance characteristics. Randall, J.M.; Elsayed, A.M. London : Academic Press; 1988 Oct. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 41 (2): p. 113-127; 1988 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock housing; Ventilation; Fans; Motors; Propellers; Efficiency; Torque 315 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 Propeller fan induction motors for ventilating livestock buildings. 3. Speed control characteristics. Randall, J.M.; Elsayed, A.M. London : Academic Press; 1988 Oct. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 41 (2): p. 129-137; 1988 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock housing; Ventilation; Fans; Motors; Propellers; Rotational speed; Controls; Evaluation; Agricultural engineering 316 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N3C66 Proper implanting procedures for growth promoters in beef cattle. Torell, R.C.; Krysl, L.J. Reno, Nev. : The College; 1992. Fact sheet - College of Agriculture, University of Nevada- Reno, Nevada Cooperative Extension (92-36): 4 p.; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Implantation; Growth promoters; Feedlots; Abscesses; Sanitation; Absorption; Growth rate 317 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 Am32P Proper wiring for livestock & poultry structures: video & written resources. Hiatt, R.; McFate, K. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,; 1992. Paper / (92-3562): 7 p.; 1992. Paper presented at the "1992 International Winter Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," December 15-18, 1992, Nashville, Tennessee. Language: English Descriptors: Poultry housing; Electricity; Wire; Standards 318 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 J8222 Prostaglandin secretion by endometrium of pregnant and cyclic cattle at Day 17 after oestrus in response to in-vitro heat stress. Putney, D.J.; Gross, T.S.; Thatcher, W.W. Colchester : The Journal; 1988 Nov. Journal of reproduction and fertility v. 84 (2): p. 475-483; 1988 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Aberdeen-angus; Endometrium; Estrus; Prostaglandins; Secretion; Heat stress; Infertility; Oxytocin; Pregnancy 319 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27P Protecting groundwater: managing livestock on small acreage. Schmidt, J.L.; Wolfley, B.F. Pullman, Wash. : The Service; 1992 Oct. Extension bulletin - Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Service (1713): 6 p.; 1992 Oct. Language: English Descriptors: Washington; Groundwater; Water pollution; Farm management; Practice; Feedlot wastes; Fencing; Grazing; Soil test values; Weed control; Pastures 320 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27PN Protective shelters for beef calves on range. Olson, D.P.; Riesenberg, L.E. Corvallis, Or. : The Service; 1985 Jan. PNW - Pacific Northwest Extension Publication - Oregon State University, Extension Service Jan 1985 (264): 4 p. ill; 1985 Jan. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Calves; Shelter; Range pastures 321 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Protein sources for finishing calves as affected by management system. Sindt, M.H.; Stock, R.A.; Klopfenstein, T.J.; Vieselmeyer, B.A. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1993 Mar. Journal of animal science v. 71 (3): p. 740-752; 1993 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Calf feeding; Feedlots; Dietary protein; Cattle fattening; Grazing; Maize; Crop residues; Protein supplements; Fattening performance; Urea; Essential amino acids; Feed intake; Feed conversion; Blood meal; Soybean oilmeal; Feather meal; Compensatory growth Abstract: Two beef production systems were evaluated in conjunction with an evaluation of escape protein sources for finishing calves. Two hundred forty crossbred steers and 80 crossbred heifer calves (BW = 267 +/- 2 kg) were split into two groups: 1) control, finished (207 d) after a 3-wk feedlot adjustment period and 2) grazing cornstalks for 74 d after a 3-wk feedlot adjustment period, then finished (164 d). Finishing treatments were sources and proportions of supplemental CP: 1) urea 100%; 2) soybean meal (SBM) 100%; 3) blood meal (BM) 50%, urea 50%; 4) feather meal (FTH) 50%, urea 50%; 5) SBM 50%, FTH 25%, urea 25%; 6) SBM 25%, FTH 38%, urea 37%; 7) FTH 25%, BM 25%, urea 50%, and 8) FTH 38%, BM 13%, urea 50%. Treatments 1 to 8 were fed in dry-rolled corn (DRC)- based diets. Treatments 9 and 10 were supplement Treatments 1 and 7 fed in diets based on high-moisture corn. Calves finished after a 74-d period of grazing cornstalks consumed more feed (P < .01) and gained faster (P < .01) but were less efficient (P < .05) than calves finished directly after weaning. Although not statistically different, calves finished after grazing cornstalks and supplemented with natural protein in the feedlot were 7% more efficient than calves supplemented with urea alone. Efficiency of calves finished directly after weaning was similar for calves supplemented with natural protein or urea alone. Supplementing SBM/ FTH/urea or BM/FTH/urea improved feed efficiency compared with supplementing FTH/urea alone. These data suggest that allowing calves to graze cornstalks before finishing is a possible management option, but this system may require more metabolizable protein in the finishing diet to maximize feed efficiency if the calves are expressing compensatory growth. 322 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Quantitative- and molecular-genetic effects on animal well- being: adaptive mechanisms. Newman, S. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1994 Jun. Journal of animal science v. 72 (6): p. 1641-1653; 1994 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Animal welfare; Performance; Domestication; Traits; Animal behavior; Intensive livestock farming; Selection criteria; Literature reviews Abstract: Domestic farm animals play an important role in meeting some basic needs of humankind, especially food and clothing. The aspects of genetic improvement programs in livestock production pertinent to animal welfare and animal well-being are reviewed. A link is made between the evolutionary processes of adaptation and domestication and animal well-being. Animal behavior is a component of all these. Thus, the genetics of behavior may provide clues to the well-being of farm animal populations, and it will also be of relevance to public opinion issues of animal welfare. Many expressions of behavior by domestic livestock may be influenced by those processes that change gene as well as genotypic frequencies such as inbreeding, drift, and artificial selection. The environment in which the individual lives will also play a role, along with the interaction between genotype and environment. Selection for or against such behaviors as aggressiveness, docility, response to stress, and certain sexual behaviors in some livestock species has often been successful. This points to the existence of additive genetic variation for behavior, and scope for the inclusion of behavioral traits into selection programs, if these measures are shown to be related to welfare. Negative relationships between behaviors associated with well-being and traits of economic importance have been reported in most livestock species. However, estimates of genetic parameters, especially genetic correlations between objective measures of well-being and production traits, are scarce. There have been no comprehensive studies of the welfare of transgenic animals reported in the scientific literature. Increased use of biotechnology in animal agriculture, coupled with greater public scrutiny of livestock industries, may precipitate decisions concerning the interface of behavior and genetics that need to be addressed before scientists can conduct appropriate experimental evaluations. 323 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.801 A Question of respect a production of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Varied Directions, Inc New York, N.Y. : ASPCA ; Camden, Me. : [Distributed by] Varied Directions Inc., [1988?]; 1988. 1 videocassette (12 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. VHS. Language: English Descriptors: Animal welfare; Laboratory animals; Animal experimentation; Livestock 324 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.O5O5 Ranchers' guide to custom cattle feeding. Gill, D.; Barnes, K.; Lusby, K. Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1992 Apr. OSU extension facts - Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University (3022): 6 p.; 1992 Apr. Language: English Descriptors: Oklahoma; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Prices; Cost benefit analysis 325 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3 Realities of contemporary livestock production. Bevier, G.W.; Lautner, B. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1994 Jan01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 204 (3): p. 369-371; 1994 Jan01. Paper presented at the 1993 AVMA Animal Welfare Forum, "The Veterinarian's Role in Farm Animal Welfare," Rosemont, Ill. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Livestock; Meat production; Agribusiness; Pigmeat; Consumption per caput; World 326 NAL Call. No.: QL1.D48 The recent status of deer farming in New Zealand. Pearse, A.J. Amsterdam, Elsevier North-Holland; 1993. Developments in animal and veterinary sciences (26): p. 401-413; 1993. In the series analytic: Deer of China--biology and management / edited by N. Ohtaishi and H. I. Sheng. Meeting held on Nov. 21-23, 1992, Shanghai, China. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New Zealand; Cabt; Cervus elaphus; Cervus elaphus canadensis; Fallow deer; Cervidae; Deer farming; Velvet; Venison; Meat and livestock industry; Meat production; Animal production; Animal health; Animal welfare 327 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Recombinant bovine somatotropin improves growth performance in finishing beef steers. Moseley, W.M.; Paulissen, J.B.; Goodwin, M.C.; Alaniz, G.R.; Claflin, W.H. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 70 (2): p. 412-425; 1992 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Somatotropin; Dosage effects; Liveweight gain; Feed conversion; Carcass composition; Carcass yield; Blood serum; Insulin-like growth factor; Abomasum; Lesions Abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of various doses of rbST on ADG and feed efficiency (FE) and to describe carcass composition changes in finishing beef steers. In Exp. 1, 96 crossbred beef steers (393 kg) received daily i.m. injections of buffer or 33, 100, or 300 microgram/kg of BW of rbst (0ST, 33ST, 1OOST, 300ST). In Exp. 2, 200 crossbred beef steers (417 kg) received daily i.m. injections of buffer or 8.25, 16.5, 33, or 66 microgram/kg of BW of rbST (0ST, 8.25ST, 16.5ST, 33ST, 66ST). Treatments were administered until steer BW per pen averaged 540 kg in Exp. 1 and 560 kg in Exp. 2. An 86% concentrate:14% roughage diet was fed once daily (CP: 16.5% in Exp. 1, 20.2% in Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, growth performance of steers receiving rbst was dose- dependent; ADG changed linearly (P = .01), DMI decreased linearly (P = .03), and FE changed quadratically (P < .03). The 33ST steers responded with improved ADG and FE, 100ST with improved FE, and 300ST with lower ADG and poorer FE, compared with 0ST. In Exp. 2, the ADG response was quadratic (P = .01), DMI decreased linearly (P = .003), and FE improved quadratically (P = .004) with increasing dose of rbst. Steers receiving 16.5ST and 33ST responded with improved ADG and FE, whereas steers receiving 8.25ST and 66ST responded with improved FE but not ADG relative to 0ST steers. In Exp. 1 and 2, rbST administration altered carcass composition by increasing carcass protein and decreasing carcass fat. Our results indicate that a daily dose between 16.5 and 33 microgram/kg of BW was required to optimize both ADG and FE in finishing beef steers; however, the dose response for changes in carcass chemical composition had not attained a plateau even at 300 microgram/kg of BW. 328 NAL Call. No.: TS1960.G73 1991 Recommended animal handling guidelines for meat packers. Grandin, Temple Washington, DC : American Meat Institute, [1991?]; 1991. 21 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Cover title. Language: English Descriptors: Slaughtering and slaughter-houses; Livestock; Animal welfare 329 NAL Call. No.: 7 C16Pu no.1870/E Recommended code of practice for the care and handling of farm animals beef cattle.. Beef cattle Hurnik, J. F. Ottawa, Ont. : Available from Communications Branch, Agriculture Canada,; 1991. 46 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (Publication (Canada. Agriculture Canada) ; 1870.). Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Beef cattle 330 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66 Reflective roof coatings for heat stress relief in livestock and poultry housing. Bucklin, R.A.; Bottcher, R.W.; Van Wicklen, G.L.; Czarick, M. St. Joseph, MI : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1985-; 1993 Jan. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 9 (1): p. 123-129; 1993 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Georgia; Cabt; Poultry housing; Roofs; Reflection; Heat stress; Ventilation; Cost benefit analysis Abstract: A reflective roof coating was demonstrated to reduce temperatures by 2 to 3 degrees C (3.6 to 5.4 degrees F) in totally enclosed poultry housing with no ventilation. However, similar results did not occur in studies of well- ventilated poultry and dairy housing. Reductions in roof temperatures of well-ventilated housing did occur, but similar reductions were not found in interior dry bulb or black globe temperatures at animal level and no production benefits resulted. Reflective coatings can reduce the temperature of galvanized steel roofing material and the temperatures of enclosed attics. However, these coatings add expense to structures and their effectiveness drops rapidly with time as they weather and accumulate dirt. They are most beneficial for poorly ventilated structures. For well-ventilated structures, they do not offer great benefits. The addition of reflective coatings will seldom be economically justified for well- ventilated livestock and poultry structures. 331 NAL Call. No.: 99.8 F7632 Regulating competition on conifer plantations with prescribed cattle grazing. Karl, M.G.; Doescher, P.S. Bethesda, Md. : Society of American Foresters; 1993 Aug. Forest science v. 39 (3): p. 405-418; 1993 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Oregon; Forest plantations; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Pinus ponderosa; Grazing effects; Vegetation management; Cattle; Water stress; Dactylis glomerata; Roots; Growth; Soil water; Plant competition Abstract: On conifer plantations, competitive understory vegetation often retards growth and establishment of tree seedlings. Livestock grazing exemplifies a method of controlling the understory vegetation and increasing the availability of site resources to tree seedings. We hypothesized that prescribed cattle grazing ameliorates water stress of young tree seedlings by reducing root growth of competing understory species. On a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl.) plantation in southwest Oregon planted in 1986, seedling water stress was evaluated with the pressure chamber technique and supplemented with gravimetric sod water determinations in 1986-1989. Root growth of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), the major understory competing species, was quantified in 1988 and 1989 with the root periscope/mini-rhizotron technique. Seedling water stress levels during spring and summer were similar in a cattle- grazed vs. ungrazed area in 1986 through 1988, but in summer 1989, water stress was reduced significantly in the grazed area. Soil water content was higher in the grazed area in 1989, especially at the 10-20 cm soil depth. End of season (July) orchardgrass root growth was reduced 18% and 15% with grazing in 1988 and 1989, respectively. We conclude that repeated cattle grazing of orchardgrass reduced transpirational surface area and root growth sufficiently to increase soil water availability to seedlings. Thus, prescribed cattle grazing on conifer plantations can enhance seedling physiological status by acting as a regulator of above- and belowground competition. 332 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5 Regulation of heat shock-induced alterations in the release of prostaglandins by the uterine endometrium of cows. Malayer, J.R.; Hansen, P.J.; Gross, T.S.; Thatcher, W.W. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth Publishers; 1990 Aug. Theriogenology v. 34 (2): p. 219-230; 1990 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Endometrium; Explants; Heat shock; Stress response; Prostaglandins; Hormone secretion; Oxidoreductases; Peroxidase; Enzyme activity; Regulation; Proteins; Phospholipids; Inhibitors 333 NAL Call. No.: HD9421.5.F3 Report on the welfare of livestock at markets. Farm Animal Welfare Council (Great Britain) London : H.M.S.O.,; 1986. iv, 71 p. ; 25 cm. (Reference book (Great Britain. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food) ; 265.). Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Great Britain; Marketing; Congresses; Animals, Treatment of; Great Britain; Congresses 334 NAL Call. No.: TS1966.G7R46 Report on the welfare of livestock when slaughtered by religious methods. Farm Animal Welfare Council (Great Britain) London : H.M.S.O.,; 1985. 49 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. (Reference book (Great Britain. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food) ; 262.). Bibliography: p. 47-49. Language: English; English Descriptors: Slaughtering and slaughterhouses; Great Britain; Shehitah; Muslims; Dietary laws; Sikhs; Dietary laws; Food; Religious aspects 335 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Reproductive criteria of beef bulls during and after exposure to increased ambient temperature. Meyerhoeffer, D.C.; Wettemann, R.P.; Coleman, S.W.; Wells, M.E. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1985 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 60 (2): p. 352-357. ill; 1985 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef bulls; Reproduction; Heat stress; Semen characters; Environmental temperature 336 NAL Call. No.: SF1.S6 The reproductive responses of two breeds of beef cows and the performance of their progeny in two contrasting environments. van Niekerk, A.; Lishman, A.W.; Lesch, S.F. Pretoria : Bureau for Scientific Publications; 1986 Dec. South African journal of animal science; Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir veekunde v. 16 (4): p. 209-214; 1986 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: South Africa; Beef cows; Afrikander; Simmental; Progeny; Calving rate; Feed conversion; Cold stress; Environment 337 NAL Call. No.: HD9000.5.E17 Research and facilities for a viable reindeer industry. Karmum, D. Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press; 1985. East-West agricultural trade / edited by James R. Jones. p. 151-153; 1985. (Westview special studies in international economics and business). Language: English Descriptors: Alaska; Rangifer tarandus; Livestock enterprises; Research policy; Viability; Meat and livestock industry 338 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3) Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine for stressed stocker cattle. Johnson, B.D.; Hays, V.S.; Gill, D.R.; Smith, R.A.; Owens, F.N.; Ball, R.L. Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1988 Jun. Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University (125): p. 105-110; 1988 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle diseases; Respiratory diseases; Viral diseases; Spumavirinae; Live vaccines 339 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Response to reimplanting beef steers with estradiol benzoate and progesterone: performance, implant absorption pattern, and thyroxine status. Rumsey, T.S.; Hammond, A.C.; McMurtry, J.P. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Apr. Journal of animal science v. 70 (4): p. 995-1001; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Steers; Hereford; Estradiol; Progesterone; Implantation; Controlled release; Body protein; Body weight; Feed conversion; Body composition; Carcass quality; Thyroid hormones; Deiodination; Enzyme activity; Organs; Blood plasma Abstract: This study determined the influence of the estrogenic ear implant Synovex-S on feedlot performance, tissue deposition, and thyroid status of growing-finishing beef steers implanted either once or reimplanted. The pattern of implant absorption was also determined. Two 112-d feeding trials were used with 48 Hereford steers per trial, Each trial was a randomized block design with eight groups (lots) of six steers each assigned to four treatments (two lots/treatment). Treatments were 1) no implant or control, 2) implanted on d 0 and reimplanted at 60 d on trial, 3) implanted at 30 d on trial, and 4) implanted on d 0 only. These implant treatments resulted in withdrawal periods before slaughter of approximately 60, 90 and 120 d for Treatments 2, 3, and 4, respectively. All steers were given ad libitum access to water and a 60% concentrate diet. Group intakes were determined daily, BW weekly, estimated body composition every 28 d, plasma thyroid hormone concentrations at 112 d and at slaughter, and carcass measurements and liver tissue deiodinase at slaughter. Approximately 25% of the original implant dose remained in the ear 60 d after implanting and this residual amount was absorbed linearly at the rate of approximately .15% of the original dose per day. Implant treatments increased (P < .05) DMI, BW gain, feed conversion, and empty body gains for water and protein. Carcass measurements suggested a nonsignificant trend (P > .10) for leaner carcasses for implanted steers. An immediate shift toward greater protein and less fat deposition occurred within 28 d after initial implanting (Treatment 3). The ratio of plasma thyroxine to triiodothyronine was slightly higher and liver deiodinase slightly lower in implanted steers. There were no differences between the steers implanted once and those reimplanted at 60 d. These data are interpreted to show no benefit to reimplanting beef steers at 60 d with Synovex-S. 340 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Responses of bovine lymphocytes to heat shock as modified by breed and antioxidant status. Kamwanja, L.A.; Chase, C.C. Jr; Gutierrez, J.A.; Guerriero, V. Jr; Olson, T.A.; Hammond, A.C.; Hansen, P.J. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1994 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 72 (2): p. 438-444; 1994 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Lymphocytes; Breed differences; Brahman; Cattle breeds; Heat shock; Heat shock proteins; Heat stress; Lymphocyte transformation; Glutathione; Antioxidants; Inhibitors Abstract: We tested whether resistance of lymphocytes to heat stress is modified by breed, intracellular glutathione content, and extracellular antioxidants. In the first experiment, lymphocytes from Angus (Bos taurus, non-heat- tolerant), Brahman (B. indicus, heat-tolerant), and Senepol (B. taurus, heat-tolerant) heifers (12 heifers per breed) were cultured at 45 degrees C for 3 h to evaluate thermal killing, at 42 degrees C for 12 h in a 60-h phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation test, and at 42 degrees C for 1 h to measure induction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Killing at 45 degrees C was affected by breed X temperature (P < .01); the decrease in viability caused by a temperature of 45 degrees C was greater for Angus than for Brahman or Senepol. For phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes, heating to 42 degrees C reduced [3H]thymidine incorporation equally for all breeds. Viability at the end of culture was affected (P < .001) by a breed X temperature interaction because the decrease in viability caused by culture at 42 degrees C was greatest for lymphocytes from Angus heifers. Heat shock for 1 h at 42 degrees C caused a two- to threefold increase in intracellular concentrations of HSP70, but there was no interaction of temperature with breed. In another experiment (with lymphocytes harvested from three Holstein cows), buthionine sulfoximine, a glutathione synthesis inhibitor, inhibited (P < .01) proliferation of phytohemagglutinin- stimulated lymphocytes at 38.5 and 42 degrees C. Addition of the antioxidants glutathione or thioredoxin to culture did not reduce the effects of heating to 42 degrees C on proliferation. In summary, lymphocyte resistance to heat shock differed between breeds. There was no evidence that this effect is caused by differential HSP70 synthesis. Although intracellular antioxidant status affected lymphocyte proliferation, exogenous glutathione or thioredoxin did not overcome the effects of heat shock. 341 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 R3224 A review of the Alberta certified preconditioned feeder program -- 1980-1987. Schipper, C.; Church, T.; Harris, B. Ottawa : Canadian Veterinary Medical Association; 1989 Sep. The Canadian veterinary journal v. 30 (9): p. 736-741; 1989 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Alberta; Beef cattle; Calves; Growth; Liveweight gain; Prices; Performance; Mortality; Feedlots; Calf feeding; Conditioning 342 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 A review of the control of odour nuisance from livestock buildings. 1. Influence of the techniques for managing waste within the building. O'Neill, D.H.; Phillips, V.R. London : Academic Press; 1991 Sep. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 50 (1): p. 1-10; 1991 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal housing; Odor emission; Odor abatement; Wastes; Management; Techniques; Floor type; Waste treatment; Litter; Anaerobic conditions; Prevention; Ammonia; Emission Abstract: Malodorous emissions from livestock buildings are caused by waste products, particularly manure. The published information on how waste management practices influence odour production and emission has been reviewed, but the shortage of objective odour measurements makes it difficult to give practical recommendations with confidence. Some recommendations for research are, however, proposed. The main factors in livestock management have been analysed; these are waste removal, waste decomposition, design of the floor of the building, treatments that may be applied to the waste within the building (e.g. changing its pH) and the use of bedding materials. The interactions between most of these factors confound the analysis, but the evidence indicates that the main options for reducing odour production, odour emission or odour nuisance are frequent waste removal from buildings, or the prevention of anaerobic conditions developing in the waste. Reduction of the moisture content of the waste has been reported to reduce odour production. This may work by inhibiting the development of anaerobic conditions and it may explain why the use of bedding has been found to reduce odour. However, adequate odour measurement data on using different bedding materials and on other waste management practices must be gathered before any firm conclusions can be drawn. The relevance of information on emissions of ammonia from livestock buildings is briefly considered. Although ammonia concentrations in air do not show a good correlation with odour strength, nevertheless any step taken to reduce the ammonia emissions from a livestock building ought also to reduce the odour emissions and vice versa. 343 NAL Call. No.: S397.M57 no.87/19 Road transport of livestock code of practice for the welfare of animals. Harris, D. G. Perth? : Dept. of Agriculture, Western Australia,; 1987. 24 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. (Miscellaneous publication (Western Australia. Dept. of Agriculture) ; no. 87/19.). "December 1987. Language: English 344 NAL Call. No.: SF961.A5 The role of interleukin 2 in the immune response of incoming feeder cattle. Blecha, F. Stillwater, Okla. : The Association; 1985, reprinted 1986. Proceedings ... annual convention - American Association of Bovine Practitioners 1986). (18th): p. 113-115; 1985, reprinted 1986. Includes 36 references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Immune response; Stress; Cattle diseases; Glucocorticoids; Disease resistance 345 NAL Call. No.: S27.A3 Scale model tests help optimize wind protection and water improvements for livestock. Jairell, R.L.; Schmidt, R.A. Bozeman, Mont. : Montana State University, Cooperative Extension Service; 1986. Great Plains Agriculture [i.e. Agricultural] Council publication (117): p. 159-161. ill; 1986. Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Windbreak Technology," June 23-27, 1986, Lincoln, Nebraska. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Barriers; Snow cover; Three dimensional models; Wind protection 346 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 The scientific assessment of the impact of housing on animal welfare: a critical review. Rushen, J.; De Passille, A.M.B. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Dec. Canadian journal of animal science v. 72 (4): p. 721-743; 1992 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Animal welfare; Animal production; Animal housing; Animal husbandry; Abnormal behavior; Stress 347 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Screening of depigmenting compounds for the development of an alternate method of branding beef cattle. Schwartzkopf, K.S.; Stookey, J.M.; Hull, P.R.; Clark, E.G. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1994 Jun. Journal of animal science v. 72 (6): p. 1393-1398; 1994 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Cabt; Beef cattle; Branding; Pigmentation; Hair follicles; Skin; Animal welfare; Hair; Injection; Carriers; Transdermal application; Chemicals; Hydroquinone; Pyrocatechol Abstract: The impetus to find alternative methods to stressful routine management procedures has increased in recent years in the hope of improving animal welfare. The potential of using depigmenting compounds to create a permanent visible mark was evaluated in two beef heifers. Eight compounds (hydroquinone [H], 4-ethoxyphenol [4-EP], 4- methylcatechol [4-MC], 4-tert-butylcatechol [4-t-BC], 4- methoxyphenol [4-MP], monobenzone [M], hydroquinone bis (2- hydroxyethyl) ether (HHEE), and catechol [C]) were injected intradermally at concentrations of 10 and 20%. These compounds were screened in four different carriers (ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, and liposome cream) to test their effectiveness in producing depigmented hair. Transdermal dermal patches containing 5, 7, and 10% liposome preparations of 4-MC and 4-MP produced depigmentation, but this depigmentation was not as visible as when the same preparations were injected. Histological examination of biopsies and observations of the injected sites were compared to sites that were only injected with the carrier solution. Compounds H, 4-EP, 4-MC, 4-t-BC, 4-MP, and M produced visible depigmentation lasting up to 3 mo. The duration of the effect seemed dependent on the hair cycle length and stage of cycle at time of application. None of the depigmenting compounds tested produced a permanent depigmenting effect. 348 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P Selection criteria for livestock ventilation control systems. Bayne, G.; Barber, E.; Jorgenson, M. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-4024): 19 p.; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International Summer Meeting sponsored by the American Agricultural Engineers and the Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering, June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, Canada. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Animal housing; Ventilation; Fans; Controllers; Selection criteria 349 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 Selection of forage technologies for beef cow-calf enterprises. White, W.A.B.; Batte, M.T.; Forster, D.L. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1989 Jul. Journal of production agriculture v. 2 (3): p. 228-234; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Cows; Calves; Beef herds; Livestock feeding; Harvesting; Forage; Storage; Dry matter; Losses; Herd size; Costs; Returns; Decision making; Mathematical models; Winter 350 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1537 Separating fact from myth the veal industry challenge. Beef Industry Council (U.S.), Veal Committee, American Veal Association Chicago : The Committee,; 1990. 1 videocassette (11 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. Language: English Descriptors: Veal industry; Animal welfare Abstract: Describes the veal industry's viewpoint on the issues of animal welfare and food safety. 351 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AU72 Serum cortisol and "stress" in cattle. Herd, R.M. Brunswick, Victoria : Australian Veterinary Association; 1989 Oct. Australian veterinary journal v. 66 (10): p. 341-342; 1989 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Cortisol; Blood serum; Stress; Restraint of animals 352 NAL Call. No.: aS21.A8U5/ARS Shelters and environmental modification. Hahn, G.L. Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1986. Reprints - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [470]: 13 p.; 1986. Indexed from reprint: Limiting the Effects of Stress on Cattle / edited by G.P. Moberg, 1986. (W-135 Western Regional Research Pub. No. 9). p. 47-59. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Performance; Environmental factors; Stress; Shelters; Environmental temperature; Dairy cows; Dairy performance 353 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 AL13P Shrink. Krieg, K. Fairbanks, Alaska : The Service; 1988 May. Publication - University of Alaska, Cooperative Extension Service (A-00744): 2 p. ill; 1988 May. In subseries: Alaska Livestock. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Weight losses; Transport of animals; Stress 354 NAL Call. No.: SF55.A78A7 Social relationship and spatial distribution in a small herd of Japanese black cattle in a dry-lot. Nakanishi, Y.; Mutoh, Y.; Umetsu, R. Suweon, Korea : Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies; 1992 Mar. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences v. 5 (1): p. 183-188; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Feedlots; Animal behavior 355 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 Social stress and dominance among group members after mixing beef cows. Mench, J.A.; Swanson, J.C.; Stricklin, W.R. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1990 Jun. Canadian journal of animal science v. 70 (2): p. 345-354; 1990 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Stress; Social behavior; Agonistic behavior; Dominance; Cortisol; Blood glucose; Leukocyte count; Mixing 356 NAL Call. No.: 10 OU8 A socio-economic perspective on animal welfare. McInerney, J. Oxon : C.A.B. International; 1991. Outlook on agriculture v. 20 (1): p. 51-56; 1991. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal welfare; Animal production; Food prices; Law; Livestock; Socioeconomic status 357 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 M69 Solving livestock handling problems. Grandin, T. \u Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Co; 1994 Oct. Veterinary medicine v. 89 (10): p. 989-990, 992-993, 996, 998; 1994 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Handling; Temperament; Animal husbandry; Chutes; Animal housing; Layout; Stockmen; Training 358 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Some husbandry factors affecting mortality and morbidity on a calf-rearing unit. Peters, A.R. London : British Veterinary Association; 1986 Oct04. The Veterinary record v. 119 (14): p. 355-357; 1986 Oct04. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Mortality; Morbidity; Animal husbandry; Pens; Cattle housing; Breeds; Pneumonia; Diarrhea; Intensive livestock farming 359 NAL Call. No.: 100 L939 Soybeans as crude protein supplements for beef finished on silages. Coombs, D.F.; Loyacano, A.F.; Kreider, J.L. Baton Rouge, La. : The Station; 1992. Louisiana agriculture - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station v. 35 (5): p. 3-4; 1992. Language: English Descriptors: Louisiana; Soybeans; Protein supplements; Crude protein; Silage; Cattle fattening; Steers; Carcass composition; Carcass yield; Feedlots 360 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Special address. Harrison, R. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1988 Jul. Applied animal behaviour science v. 20 (1/2): p. 21-27; 1988 Jul. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Animal Bio-ethics and Applied Ethology," August 1987, Montreal, Canada. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock farming; Meat production; Intensive livestock farming; Animal welfare; Ecology; Bioethics; Guidelines 361 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Sprinkling water and fans to reduce heat stress of beef cattle. Garner, J.C.; Bucklin, R.A.; Kunkle, W.E. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1986. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 86-4021): 21 p.; 1986. Paper presented at the 1986 Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Heat stress; Control methods; Water; Spraying; Evaporative cooling; Fans 362 NAL Call. No.: 100 N465R no.646 Stress and the free-ranging animal proceedings of a symposium. Anderson, Dean M.,_1947-; Havstad, Kris M.,_1952-; Hinds, Frank C. Western Regional Coordinating Committee on Utilization of Range Forage for Rangeland and Domestic Ruminant Production, New Mexico State University, Agricultural Experiment Station Las Cruces, N.M. : New Mexico State University, Agricultural Experiment Station,; 1990. vii, 40 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (Research report (New Mexico State University. Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 646.). June 1990. Includes bibliographical references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Stress (Physiology) 363 NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6 Stress-induced hematological changes in feedlot cattle. Bennett, B.W.; Kerschen, R.P.; Nockels, C.F. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1989 Jan. Agri-Practice v. 10 (1): p. 16, 18-19, 22-23, 25-28; 1989 Jan. Includes statistical data. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Feedlots; Stress; Types; Blood chemistry; Cortisol; Blood picture 364 NAL Call. No.: SB197.B7 Suckler beef production: practical opportunities now and in the future. Broadbent, P.J. Hurley, Berkshire : The Society; 1988. Occasional symposium - British Grassland Society (22): p. 161-175; 1988. Paper presented at the "Conference organised jointly with the British Society of Animal Production," November 3-5, 1987, Peebles, Scotland. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sucklings; Beef production; Beef cows; Heifers; Weaning weight; Calving season; Genotypes; Housing; Calves 365 NAL Call. No.: SF85.4.A9G72 1985 Surgical and other animal husbandry procedures. Armstrong, J.R. Indooroopilly, QLD : Australian Veterinary Association (Queensland Division); 1985. Grazing Animal Welfare Symposium : proceedings of a symposium held at the Bardon Professional Development Centre, Brisbane, on April 26th and 27th, 1985 / [editors: Brian L. Moore and Peter J. Chenoweth]. p. 21-30; 1985. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Beef cattle; Branding; Castration; Polling; Weaning; Stress; Pain; Anesthetics; Parasites; Disease control; Animal welfare 366 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 Syntabac for stressed stocker cattle. Johnson, B.D.; Gill, D.R.; Smith, R.A.; Ball, R.L. Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1990 Jun. Annual report - Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station (129): p. 221-226; 1990 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Transport of animals; Stress response; Intestinal microorganisms; Probiotics; Treatment; Liveweight gain; Feed intake; Feed conversion efficiency; Morbidity; Mortality; Disease control 367 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Synthesis of heat stress proteins in lymphocytes from livestock. Guerriero, V. Jr; Raynes, D.A. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1990 Sep. Journal of animal science v. 68 (9): p. 2779-2783. ill; 1990 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Horses; Sheep; Fowls; Lymphocytes; Heat stress; Protein synthesis; Animal proteins; Species differences 368 NAL Call. No.: SF774.J68 Systemic salmonellosis in mature beef cows. Morter, R.L.; Armstrong, C.H.; Amstutz, H.E.; Thacker, H.L. Lawrence, Kan. : AAVLD; 1989 Jan. Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation v. 1 (1): p. 22-24; 1989 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Salmonella typhimurium; Stress; Abortion; Salmonellosis; Histopathology 369 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68 Systems of growing cattle on stargrass pastures or sugarcane bagasse in peninsular Florida. Horton, G.M.J. \u Sultan Qaboos Univ., Muscat, Sultanate of Oman; Pitman, W.D.; Hodges, E.M. Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy, c1987-; 1994 Oct. Journal of production agriculture v. 7 (4): p. 471-476; 1994 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Cabt; Beef cattle; Beef production; Cattle feeding; Cynodon nlemfuensis; Grazing; Feedlots; Feed supplements; Sugarcane bagasse; Comparisons; Liveweight gain; Performance; Carcass quality 370 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Teaching principles of behavior and equipment design for handling livestock. Grandin, T. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1993 Apr. Journal of animal science v. 71 (4): p. 1065-1070; 1993 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal behavior; Senses; Livestock; Handling; Stress factors; Animal housing; Design; Slaughter Abstract: A course is described in which students are taught principles of livestock behavior and how an understanding of behavior can facilitate handling. Some of the principles that are covered in the course are livestock senses, flight zone, herd behavior during handing, and methods to reduce stress during handling. To teach problem solving and original thinking, the students design three different types of handling facilities. Design of restraint equipment and humane slaughter procedures are also covered. Both existing systems and ideas for future systems are discussed. Students are provided with information from both scientific studies and practical experience. 371 NAL Call. No.: HV4708.K37 1992 Tiere als Ware gequalt, getotet, vermarktet [Animals as commodities]., Originalausg.. Karremann, Manfred,; Schnelting, Karl B.; Apel, Wolfgang; Schmidt, Wolf-Rudiger,_1936-; Rosenfeld, Reiner Frankfurt am Main : Fischer Taschenbuch,; 1992. 146 p. : col. ill. ; 19 cm. (Fischer Alternativ). "In Zusammenarbeit mit dem ZDF"--Cover. Language: German Descriptors: Animal welfare; Livestock factories 372 NAL Call. No.: 57.8 C734 To bed with old paper. Emmaus, Pa. : J.G. Press; 1990 Sep. BioCycle v. 31 (9): p. 63-64. ill; 1990 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: Animal housing; Livestock; Newspapers; Litter 373 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.264 Transgenic farm animals Douglas Bolt. Bolt, Douglas United States, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Technology Transfer and Assessment Staff Fort Worth, Tex. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Technology Transfer and Assessment Staff, [1986?]; 1986. 1 videocassette (VHS) (ca. 53 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. Presented in Fort Worth, Texas. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; United States; Genetic engineerring; Animal genetic engineering; United States; Animal genetics; Research; Animal welfare 374 NAL Call. No.: QH442.G393 Transgenic transgressions?. Jennings, V. Cambridge, Mass. : Council for Responsible Genetics; 1994 Jan. Genewatch : a bulletin of the Committee for Responsible Genetics v. 9 (3/4): 4-5; 1994 Jan. Language: English Descriptors: Domestic animals; Livestock; Transgenic animals; Laboratory mammals; Disease models; Animal welfare; Genetic engineering; Animal production; Ethics 375 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Transport and handling of livestock--January 1981-July 1992. Berry, D.J. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1992 Aug. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (92-57): 40 p.; 1992 Aug. Updates QB 91-143. Bibliography. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Transport of animals; Bibliographies 376 NAL Call. No.: SF600.C82 The transport of deer. Fletcher, T.J. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1988. Current topics in veterinary medicine and animal science v. 48: p. 181-190; 1988. In the series analytic: The management and health of farmed deer / edited by H.W. Reid. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Deer; Transport of animals; Animal welfare; Stress; Air transport; Road transport; Livestock transporters; Disease resistance 377 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Transportation of cattle by road. Tarrant, P.V. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Nov. Applied animal behaviour science v. 28 (1/2): p. 153-170; 1990 Nov. In the special issue: Transport and pre-slaughter handling / edited by Graham Perry. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Transport of animals; Road transport; Stress; Animal welfare; Space requirements; Carcass quality; Dark cutting meat; Weight losses; Mortality; Pasteurellosis 378 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Trenbolone acetate/estradiol combinations in feedlot steers: dose-response and implant carrier effects. Bartle, S.J.; Preston, R.L.; Brown, R.E.; Grant, R.J. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 May. Journal of animal science v. 70 (5): p. 1326-1332; 1992 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Trenbolone; Estradiol; Dosage effects; Liveweight gain; Feed conversion; Carriers; Feed intake; Dry matter; Controlled release; Carcass composition Abstract: Two experiments were conducted at three locations to determine the correct dosage and carrier for trenbolone acetate (TBA) and estradiol (E2) implants in feedlot steers. In the dose-response experiment, 1,296 steers were allotted to six implant treatments (48 pens per location): control, 140 mg of TBA (140/0), 30 mg of E2 (0/30), 20 mg of TBA + 4 mg of E2(20/4), 80 mg of TBA + 16 mg of E2(80/16), and 140 mg of TBA + 28 mg of E2 (140/28). In the carrier experiment, 575 steers were allotted to five implant treatments (25 pens per location): control, 140 mg of TBA + 28 mg of E2 in lactose (140/28-LA), 140 mg of TBA + 28 mg of E2 in cholesterol (140/28-CH), 140 mg of TBA + 20 mg of E2 in LA (140/20-LA), and 200 mg of progesterone + 20 mg of E2 benzoate (SS, reimplanted). In both experiments steers were fed a finishing diet for 140 to 168 d. In the dose-response experiment, response to TBA alone (140/0) did not differ from control (P > .2). Estradiol alone (0/30) improved ADG by 7% (P < .01) and tended to improve feed efficiency over control (3%, P = .17). The highest dosage (140/28) improved ADG by 18% (P < .001) and feed efficiency by 10% (P < .001) over control and 10% (P < .001) and 7% (P < .01) over E2 alone, respectively. In the carrier experiment, all implant treatments increased steer performance over control (P < .01); no differences in response were observed (P > .2) between LA and CH carriers or between 28 and 20 mg of E2 in combination with 140 mg of TBA. Implant treatments, in general, decreased (P < .05) carcass fatness and quality grade; little difference was noted in carcass characteristics between E2 alone and treatments containing TBA. Combinations of TBA/E2 were more effective enhancers of steer performance under U.S. conditions than was either E2 or TBA alone (Exp. 1), and combinations were similar to SS- reimplanted (Exp. 2). 379 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Trouble-shooting livestock environment control and equipment problems. Korthals, R.L.; Christianson, L.L.; Muehling, A.J.; Curtis, S.E.; Bane, D.P.; Hall, W.F. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1987. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 87-4037): 27 p. ill; 1987. Paper presented at the 1987 Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pig housing; Environmental assessment; Ventilation; Waste disposal; Animal health 380 NAL Call. No.: TK4018.R86 Understanding and dealing with stray voltage in livestock facilities. Gustafson, R.J. New York, N.Y. : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; 1985. Papers presented at the ... annual conference - Rural Electric Power Conference (29th): p. C2/1-C2/19. ill; 1985. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock housing; Electricity; Losses; Shock; Dairy cows; Disorders; Prevention 381 NAL Call. No.: S671.A66 Variable-dimension livestock restraining cage. Larsen, W.E.; Short, R.E. St. Joseph, MI : American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1985-; 1993 Nov. Applied engineering in agriculture v. 9 (6): p. 549-552; 1993 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Restraint of animals; Cages; Design; Cage size Abstract: Handling livestock can be a hazardous and frustrating operation especially when access to the animal is required for procedures such as pregnancy testing of cattle or other reproductive examinations. A handling facility that gently restrains the animal in an adjustable dimension cage can contribute to a smooth operation and increased safety for the operator as well as the animal. A system was designed to mechanically adjust the width of the cage and the position of the front restraint so the cage precisely fits the animal and positions the animal against the leg bar at the rear of the cage. The width and position can be changed over the entire span of each motion control device and can be adjusted for each animal after the animal is in place. The system has been tested at the Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory. Cattle are handled easily with a minimum of stress and the controls are easy to operate. 382 NAL Call. No.: MnSUThesis stp mank Velocity and temperature distributions in a 1/5 scale model livestock facility. Mankell, Kurt Owen 1993; 1993. v, 100 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-97). Language: English 383 NAL Call. No.: TH7651.S68K6 Ventiliatsiia zhivotnovodcheskikh pomeshchenii [Ventilation of animal housing]. Korotkov, E. N. Moskva : Agropromizdat,; 1987. 108, [2] p. : ill. ; 20 cm. Bibliography: p. [110]. Language: Russian Descriptors: Farm buildings; Soviet Union; Heating and ventilation; Livestock; Soviet Union; Housing 384 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3 The veterinarian's role in farm animal welfare: directions in production and practice. Crook, A.D.; Heider, L.E. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1994 Jan01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 204 (3): p. 388-395; 1994 Jan01. Paper presented at the 1993 AVMA Animal Welfare Forum, "The Veterinarian's Role in Farm Animal Welfare," Rosemont, Ill. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Animal welfare; Veterinarians; Veterinary practice; Animal production 385 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32 Viewpoint: wildlife and animal rights. Howard, W.E. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1993 Feb. Rangelands v. 15 (1): p. 21-22; 1993 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Animal welfare; Wildlife management; Livestock; Public opinion; Environmental impact; Economic impact; Vertebrate pests; Pest control 386 NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A45 A visit to a slaughterhouse. Gifford, D. Westport, Conn. : Animal Rights Network; 1987 Jun. The Animals' agenda v. 7 (5): p. 35-36. ill; 1987 Jun. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Livestock; Abattoirs; Animal welfare; Slaughter 387 NAL Call. No.: aS21.A8U5/ARS Weather and climate impacts on beef cattle. Hahn, G.L. Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1985. Reprints - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [463]: 5 p.; 1985. Indexed from reprint: Beef Research Program: Progress Report, no. 2 / Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, 1985, p. 85-89. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Environmental temperature; Climatic factors; Responses; Liveweight gain; Mortality; Cattle housing; Shelters 388 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N3C66 Winter stress conditions in beef cattle. Krysl, L.J.; Torell, R.C. Reno, Nev. : College of Agriculture, University of Nevada- Reno, Nevada Cooperative Extension; 1988. Fact sheet - College of Agriculture, University of Nevada- Reno, Nevada Cooperative Extension (88-13): 4 p. ill; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Winter; Cold tolerance; Stress; Shelter; Nutrition programs; Windbreaks; Layout and planning 389 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 G29B Working facilities for small beef herds. Silcox, R.; Brown, D.; Kay, F. Athens, Ga. : The Service; 1989 Aug. Bulletin - Cooperative Extension Service, University of Georgia, College of Agriculture (1016): 16 p. ill; 1989 Aug. Language: English Descriptors: Pens; Animal husbandry; Beef cattle
Absher, C. 21, 31, 82 Absher, C.W. 295 AgriBase, Inc, Livestock Marketing Association 203 Agricultural Training Board 202 Agyemang, K. 292 Alaniz, G.R. 327 Aleksandrova, S. K. 240 Allen, Kristen 268 Amer, P.R. 47 American National CattleWomen 54 American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals 23 American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Varied Directions, Inc 323 American Society of Agricultural Engineers 243, 249 Ames, D.R. 205 Amstutz, H.E. 368 Anderson, Dean M.,_1947- 362 Anderson, G.B. 156 Anderson, R. S._1931- 300 Anderson, V.L. 87 Andreoli, K.M. 232 Animal Industry Foundation 5 Animal Welfare Foundation. Symposium 1986 : London, England?) 307 Animal Welfare Institute 171 Ansotegui, R. 150 Apel, Wolfgang 371 Apple, J.K. 152 Armstrong, C.H. 368 Armstrong, J.D. 182 Armstrong, J.R. 365 Arthur, R.J. 58 Australia. Parliament. Senate. Select Committee on Animal Welfare 237 Australian Veterinary Association, Queensland Division 198 Axtell, Richard C. 188 Ayers, E.L. 190, 199 Bagley, C.P. 234 Bailey, C.M. 279 Bailey, W.A. 209 Bakau, W. 226 Baker, A.M. 158 Baker, F.S. Jr 123, 133 Ball, R.L. 112, 154, 244, 272, 338, 366 Bane, D.P. 379 Baptist, R. 74 Barao, S.M. 248 Barbeito, Manuel 48 Barber, E. 348 Barber, E.M. 265 Barnard, D.R. 277 Barnes, K. 324 Barnett, J.L. 131 Barrington, S. 4 Bartle, S.J. 378 Batte, M.T. 349 Bayne, G. 348 Bebee, Charles N. 174 Beckett, J.L. 163 Beef Industry Council (U.S.), Veal Committee, American Veal Association 350 Beermann, D.H. 100 Bennett, B.W. 146, 363 Bennett, G.L. \u Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, Clay Center, NE 223 Berry, D. 210 Berry, D.J. 375 Berry, I.L. 149 Bertrand, J.E. 13, 102 Beverlin, S.K. 190 Bevier, G.W. 325 Bevis, E.A. 233 Biggers, B.G. 107, 108 Birkelo, C.P. 120, 245 Bjornstad, Even 268 Blackshaw, J.K. 228, 280 Blancquaert, A.M.B. 146 Blayney, D.P. 78 Blecha, F. 217, 344 Bodman, G.R. 12 Boivin, X. 229 Boling, J.A. 294, 299 Bolt, Douglas 373 Bolt, Douglas J. 48 Bolze, R.P. 71 Borg, Robert 79 Bottcher, R.W. 330 Bowers, C.L. 43 Boxler, D.J. 148 Boyle, J.M. 69 Bracken, T.D. 42 Bradley, L.C. 281 Bradley, N.W. 143, 227 Branine, M.E. 137 Broadbent, P.J. 364 Broadway, R. 37, 185 Brock, K.V. 275 Brown, A.H. Jr 125 Brown, C.J. 125 Brown, D. 389 Brown, R.E. 378 Brown, S.N. 233 Bruce, J.M. 162 Bruynickx, W. 146 Bryan, W.B. 96 Bryant, F.C. 281 Bryant, J.P. 64 Bryden, W.L. 226 Buchanan, D.S. 107, 108 Buchanan-Smith, J.G. 47 Bucklin, R.A. 330, 361 Buhr, B.L. 218 Burdette, L.A. 187 Burgess, L.W. 226 Burris, R. 31 Butterworth, M. 292 Butts, W.T. Jr 123 Cahill, D.J. 131 Calderon, J. 28 Calkins, C.R. 17 Campbell, C.B. 69 Campbell, J.B. 20, 148, 149, 289 Campbell, R.M. 182 Carruthers, S. P. 177 Carson, Rachel, 171 Catangui, M.A. 148 Centre technique de cooperation agricole et rurale 309 Cermak, J. 88 Chagnon, R. 293 Chase, C.C. Jr 340 Chen, Y.R. 62 Chenoweth, P.J. 286 Chenoweth, Peter J. 198 Chewning, J.J. 125 Childers, A.B. 274 Christianson, L.L. 379 Christopherson, R.J. 67 Chupin, J.M. 229 Church, T. 341 CIBAGEIGY Corporation, Agricultural Division 188 Claflin, W.H. 327 Clanton, D.C. 115 Clark, C. 150 Clark, E.G. 347 Clarke, Ross 186 Clausen, T.P. 64 Clemens, E. 51 Cmarik, G.F. 290 Cockram, M.S. 117 Cohen, R.D.H. 99 Cohen, W.E. 281 Coleman, S.W. 335 Collett, F.A. 50 Conklin, D.H. 17 Convey, E.M. 200 Conway, G. 260 Coombs, D.F. 359 Corah, L.R. 298 Corley, K.T.T. 117 Cornelius, P.L. 227 Craig, A.M. 146 Crook, A.D. 384 Cross, H. Russell 48, 208 Crouse, J.D. 180 Cundiff, L.V. 97, 284 Curtis, S.E. 379 Curtis, Stanley 172 Czarick, M. 330 D'Souza, G.E. 96 Daelemans, J. 211 Dalke, B.S. 92 Daniels, E. 277 Datascope Communications, Glaxo Group Research Limited, Institute of Animal Technology 178 Davis, G.P. 196 Davis, R. 148 Davis, Ron 86 Dawson, K.A. 299 Dawydiak, Orysia, 256 De Passille, A.M.B. 346 De Rose, E.P. 312 DeNise, S.K. 194, 195 DeShazer, J.A. 12 Deshazer, J.A. 149 DeShazer, J.A. 289 Deutscher, G.H. 115 Dew, R. 299 Dhuyvetter, K.C. 241, 242 Dickerson, G.E. 97, 284 Diesch, M.A. 311 Dikeman, M.E. 152 Dobson, H. 116 Dodd, V.A. 269 Dodt, R.M. 58, 60 Doescher, P.S. 331 Dohkoshi, J. 90 Doornenbal, H. 49 Dougherty, C.T. 227 Down, M. J. 89 Drawe, D.L. 281 Duewer, Lawrence A. 41, 81 Dunn, T.G. 138 Dutil, C. 293 Eck, T.P. 241 Edney, A. T. B. 300 Edwards, A.J. 121 Eidman, V.R. 19 Eigenberg, R.A. 62 Eimler, Wolf-Michael 262 Eldridge, G.A. 45, 131 Eller, A.L. 181 Elliot, J.I. 15 Elsayed, A.M. 313, 314, 315 Equipment Development Center (Missoula, Mont.) 169 Eurell, T. 290 Evans, J.K. 295 Eversole, D.E. 222 Fallert, R.F. 78 Farm Animal Welfare Council (Great Britain) 333, 334 Faulkner, D.B. 290 Feazel, J.I. 234 Fisher, J.C. 71 Fiske, W.A. 96 Fitzgerald, B.P. 143 Fletcher, J.J. 96 Fletcher, T.J. 376 Fluharty, F.L. 128, 130, 132, 142, 145 Fontenot, J.P. 222 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 75 Foote, W.D. 279 Ford, J.J. 261 Fordyce, G. 60, 61 Forster, D.L. 349 Fox, D.G. 100 Fox, G.C. 47 Fox, Michael W., 2 Franke, D.E. 305 Friend, T.H. 43 Frisch, J.E. 197, 301 Froehlich, D.P. 311 Galyean, M.L. 137 Ganskopp, D. 42 Garel, J.P. 229 Garner, J.C. 361 Gay, N. 21, 227, 299 Gee, C.K. 98 Geelen, M.A. van 168 Geisert, R.D. 107, 108 Genchi, C. 236 Geuns, K.R. 187 Gibson, C.D. 310 Gibson, L.L. 126, 127 Gibson, T. E. 307 Gifford, D. 386 Gill, D. 324 Gill, D.R. 44, 112, 154, 244, 272, 338, 366 Godbout, S. 35 Gonyou, H.W. 158 Gonzalez, R.A. 28 Goodwin, M.C. 327 Graham, R.T. 103 Grande, Jorunn 268 Grandin, T. 10, 53, 55, 93, 94, 118, 165, 251, 370 Grandin, T. \u Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 357 Grandin, Temple 56, 328 Grant, R.J. 119, 378 Gray, D. 150 Great Britain, Agricultural Development and Advisory Service 65 Green, R.D. 284 Greenwood, G.B. 91 Gregory, K.E. 97, 261 Gregory, N.G. 25, 214 Griffith, G.R. 238 Grissom, K.K. 43 Gross, T.S. 318, 332 Grosskopf, J.F.W. 50 Guenther, C.L. 99 Guerrero, J.N. 28 Guerriero, V. Jr 340, 367 Gustafson, R.J. 380 Gutierrez, J.A. 340 Hahn, G.L. 62, 63, 250, 352, 387 Haile, D.G. 277 Hall, J.B. 143 Hall, W.F. 379 Halpin, C.G. 131 Halverson, D. 215 Hammond, A.C. 123, 339, 340 Hammond, K. 246 Hannan, J. 147 Hansen, D.E. 69 Hansen, J. 48 Hansen, J. Norman 193 Hansen, P.J. 332, 340 Harris, B. 341 Harris, D. G. 343 Harrison, R. 360 Harrison, Ruth 175 Harvey, R.W. 182 Hatae, K. 235 Havstad, K.M. 190, 199 Havstad, Kris M.,_1952- 362 Hayenga, M.L. \u Iowa State University 218 Hays, V.S. 244, 338 Hays, W.G. 38 Heersche, G. 21 Heider, L.E. 384 Heimer, E.P. 182 Herd, R.M. 351 Hiatt, R. 317 Hicks, R.B. 44, 112 Hidiroglou, N. 104 Higgins, K.P. 269 Hill, F.W.G. 283 Hinds, Frank C. 362 Hinman, D.D. 92 Hirning, H.J. 267 Hirst, D.J. 30 Hoblet, K.H. 275 Hodges, E.M. 369 Hoffman, M.P. 139 Hoke, K.E. 251, 287 Hoke, Karl E. 56 Horton, G.M.J. \u Sultan Qaboos Univ., Muscat, Sultanate of Oman 369 Hoshiba, S. 90 House, H.K. 73 Howard, W.E. 385 Huffman, H.E. 73 Huis in't Veld, J.H.J. 219 Hull, P.R. 347 Humane Slaughter Association (1986-) 202 Humane Society of the United States 176 Hunt, C.W. 92 Hurnik, J. F. 329 Hurnik, J.F. 77, 164 Institut fur Rinderproduktion Iden-Rohrbeck (Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der DDR) 159 International Commission of Agricultural Engineering. 2nd Technical Section. Seminar (1987 : University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) 243 IUrkov, V. M. 266 Jackson, P.G.G. 27 Jacobs, G.A. 231 Jairell, R.L. 345 Janzen, E.D. 99 Jeffrey, S.R. 19 Jenkins, O.C. 43 Jenkins, T.G. 284 Jennings, V. 374 Jeremiah, L.E. 126, 127 Johnson, B.D. 244, 272, 338, 366 Johnson, D. 87 Johnson, D.D. 13, 102, 104 Johnson, Z.B. 125 Johnston, G.N. 59 Jones, Daniel 48 Jones, S.D.M. 155, 157 Jorgenson, M. 348 Juniewicz, P.E. 105, 106, 110, 122, 153 Kains, F.I. 70 Kamwanja, L.A. 340 Karl, M.G. 331 Karmum, D. 337 Karremann, Manfred, 371 Karsky, Richard 169 Kasser, T.R. 92 Kauffman, R.G. 17 Kay, F. 389 Kemp, R.A. 47 Kerr, S.G.C. 72 Kerschen, R.P. 363 Kestin, S.C. 233 Kidd, R. 212 Kilgour, R. 16, 85 Kilpatrick, D.J. 113 King, B.D. 99 King, G.J. 164 Kingery, J.L. 103 Kirk, D.J. 222 Kleiber, Hans, 159 Kleinschmidt, Nina 262 Klindt, J.M. 180 Klopfenstein, T.J. 119, 321 Knapp, B.W. 263 Knapp, F.W. 294 Knott, M. 51 Koch, R.M. 97 Kock, N.D. 283 Koh, Y.O. 279 Kolkman, John 9 Korotkov, E. N. 383 Korthals, R.L. 379 Kreider, J.L. 359 Kreikemeier, K.K. 52 Krieg, K. 170, 353 Krysl, L.J. 206, 316, 388 Kuhl, G. 152 Kuhl, G.L. 241 Kuit, H.G. 253 Kunkle, W.E. 123, 133, 361 Ladd, G.W. 140 Lamb, M.A. 167 Lambrecht, J. 211 Lane, E.P. 283 Larsen, W.E. 381 Latz, G.I. II 1 Laudert, S.B. 242 Lauriault, L.M. 227 Lautner, B. 325 Lay, D.C. Jr 43 Le Heron, R. 297 Le Neindre, P. 229 Leavitt, E.S. 215 Leeson, R.H. 25 Lesch, S.F. 336 Lishman, A.W. 336 Locatelli, A. 236 Loe, W.C. 125 Loeffler, K. 24 Loerch, S.C. 71, 128, 130, 132, 134, 142, 144, 145, 296 Lombard, M.S. 50 Lord, D. 293 Lorimor, J. 184 Lorimor, J. \u Iowa State University 183 Lounsbery, J. 120, 245 Loyacano, A.F. 359 Luescher, U.A. 77 Lusby, K. 324 Lusby, K.S. 244 Lynch, J.W. 303 Lyons, D. J. 22 MacNeil, M.D. 261 Mader, T.L. 109, 115 Madsen, A.G. 98 Mahanta, Kanak Chandra, 1926- 201 Makarechian, M. 114 Malayer, J.R. 332 Malcolm, K.J. 137 Males, J. 14 Mankell, Kurt Owen 382 Marquis, A. 35 Martin, A.H. 157 Mathewson, G. K. 65 Maton, A. 211 McBratney, Brad 169 McCaughey, W.J. 113 McDonald, C.A. 246 McDowell, L.R. 104 McFate, K. 317 McFate, K.L. 160 McInerney, J. 356 McIntyre, B.L. 111 McLauchlan, W. 113 McMurtry, J.P. 339 McNaughton, S.J. 101 McNeill, S. 31 McNeill, S.G. 295 McPhee, J.E. 30 McWhir, J. 207 Mears, G.J. 49 Meltzer, D.G.A. 50 Mench, J.A. 355 Mendez, J.K. 141 Meyerhoeffer, D.C. 335 Midwest Plan Service 39 Miksch, D. 21 Milliken, G.A. 205 Minton, J.E. 191, 232 Mohan Raj, A.B. 113 Mohan, K. 283 Moore, Brian L. 198 Mooso, G.D. 234 Morison, J.B. 238 Morrison, D.G. 234 Morrison, S.R. 36 Morter, R.L. 368 Moseley, W.M. 327 Moss, B.W. 25, 113 Moss, C. 46 Moss, G.E. 138 Mount, G.A. 277 Muehling, A.J. 379 Mulder, R.W.A.W. 219 Mulders, M.S. 50 Munro, R.K. 286 Murakami, R. 271 Murphy, P.A. 147 Murray, N.L. 49 Mutoh, Y. 354 Mwansa, P.B. 114 Nakanishi, Y. 354 Nash, D. 166 National Agricultural Library (U.S.) 174 National Cattlemen's Association (U.S.) 282 Nelson, Fred 86 Nelson, K. E. 41 New Mexico State University, Agricultural Experiment Station 76 New York (State), Legislature, Legislative Commission on Dairy Industry Development, New York Farm Bureau 308 Newman, J.A. 49, 126, 127, 157 Newman, S. 322 Nichols, C. 21 Nienaber, J.A. 62, 63 Nkhonjera, L. 292 Nockels, C.F. 146, 363 Nunez-Dominguez, R. 97 Nyamusika, N. 46 O'Neill, D.H. 342 Oesterheld, M. 101 Ohl, M.W. 290 Okamoto, M. 67 Olson, D.P. 320 Olson, Kent D. 268 Olson, T.A. 340 Olson-Rutz, K.M. 199 Oltjen, J.W. 163 Omar, Mohamed Ariff,_1949- 288 Ott, R.S. 290 Owens, F.N. 44, 244, 338 Palmer, A.Z. 123, 133 Pankaskie, D.E. 115 Parnell, C.B. 285 Parsons, J. 14 Paulissen, J.B. 327 Pearse, A.J. 326 Peart, W.J. 66 Perry, J.G. 248 Perry, T.C. 100 Perry, V.E.A. 286 Peters, A.R. 358 Petersen, M.K. 190, 199 Peterson, E.B. 140 Peterson, N. 28 Phillips, V.R. 342 Phillips, W.A. 105, 106, 110, 122, 153 Phipps, T.T. 96 Pier, A.C. 258 Pitman, W.D. 369 Plasencia, A. 28 Pollreisz, J.P. 166 Post, T.B. 286 Powell, B. 40 Powell, V.H. 57 Prescott, M.L. 199 Preston, R.L. 378 Price, E.O. 136, 156 Prichard, D.L. 102 Prigg, E.C. 96 Pritchard, R.H. 141, 225 Purdue University, Office of Agricultural Research Programs 189 Pusillo, G.M. 139 Putney, D.J. 318 Queensland, Dept. of Primary Industries 186 Rae, O. 46 Rainforth, L. 51 Raleigh, R. 42 Randall, J.M. 213, 224, 313, 314, 315 Randel, R.D. 43 Ray, D.E. 195 Raynes, D.A. 367 Reichardt, P.B. 64 Reid, C.R. 279 Reynolds, W.L. 263 Rice, D.A. 113 Rice, H.B. 82 Rice, R. 195 Richard, T. 247 Richards, M.W. 230 Richey, E.J. 302 Ridley, E.J.H. 238 Riechers, R. 179 Riesenberg, L.E. 320 Ringkob, T.P. 279 Ritchie, H.D. 310 Robertson, W.M. 157 Robinson, D.L. 246 Robinson, J.B. 67, 205 Robison, O.W. 167 Roeder, R.A. 92 Rosen, S. 95 Rosenfeld, Reiner 371 Ross, A.D. 226 Ross, G.S. 38 Roth, E.A. 270 Round, P.J. 59 Rudakov, V. V. 240 Rumsey, T.S. 339 Rushen, J. 346 Rust, S. 310 Ryan, W.J. 111 Rynk, R.F. 291 Sainsbury, David, 173, 252 Sainsbury, Peter, 252 Sala, O.E. 101 Sangiah, S. 230 Sasaki, Y. 264 Sase, S. 271 Saskatchewan, Family Farm Improvement Branch 32 Sato, S. 235 Schaefer, A.L. 155 Schalles, R.R. 232 Schelling, G.T. 92 Schillo, K.K. 143 Schipper, C. 341 Schmidt, J.L. 319 Schmidt, R.A. 345 Schmidt, Wolf-Rudiger,_1936- 371 Schneijdenberg, T. C. H. G. P. 192 Schnelting, Karl B. 371 Schoenemann, H.M. 230 Schott, M. 42 Schupp, A. 179 Schwarm, M.A. 3 Schwartzkopf, K.S. 347 Schwinghammer, K.A. 294 Sconberg, S. 146 Self, H.L. 139 Shagam, S.D. 78 Shain, D.H. 119 Shaw, F.D. 257 Shepherd, R.K. 61 Short, R.E. 381 Shorthose, W.R. 57, 58, 61 Shulaw, W.P. 275 Silcox, R. 389 Silver, G.V. 136 Simms, D.D. 152 Sims, David E., 256 Sindt, M.H. 119, 321 Skaggs, Jimmy M., 304 Smith, C. 47 Smith, P.C. 59 Smith, R.A. 112, 154, 244, 272, 303, 338, 366 Smith, R.F. 116 Smith, V.M. 156 Snijders, J.M.A. 219 Sokhansanj, S. 265 Spire, M.F. 232 Spreen, T.H. 46, 123 Stefanides, N. 69 Stock, R.A. 119, 321 Stookey, J.M. 347 Stricklin, W.R. 355 Strohbehn, D.R. 140 Suomen kotielainjalostusyhdistys, World Association of Animal Production 306 Sutton, A.L. 6 Swanson, J.C. 34, 355 Swanson, Janice C. 174 Sweeten, J.M. 285 Takezono, T. 271 Tanaka, T. 90 Tarrant, P.V. 8, 135, 377 Tarumizu, K. 235 Teigen, L.D. 80 Temple, G. 278 Tess, M.W. 167 Thacker, H.L. 368 Thatcher, W.W. 318, 332 Thomas, G.D. 148 Thomson, D.U. 225 Thomson, J. 14 Thornsberry, R.M. 124 Thos, J. 156 Thrift, F.A. 33 Tong, A.K.W. 49, 126, 127, 155, 157 Topps, J.H. 273 Torabi, M. 194, 195 Torell, D. 206 Torell, R.C. 316, 388 Townsend, H.G.G. 161 Traldi, G. 236 Tranquilli, W.J. 290 Traore, A. 253 Tucker, T.A. 1 Turnbull, J.E. 70 Turner, J.W. 246 Turner, L. 31, 82 Turner, L.W. 295 Umetsu, R. 354 Underwood, D.W. 61 United States, Agricultural Research Service, National Program Staff 172 United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Commodity Economics Division 41 United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service 81 United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Office of Transportation, Livestock Conservation Institute 56 United States, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Technology Transfer and Assessment Staff 48, 193, 208, 239, 373 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry 84, 220 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization 221 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Energy and Agriculture 129 Universities Federation for Animal Welfare 259 Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, Humane Slaughter Association 216 University of Melbourne, Dept. of Civil and Agricultural Engineering 89 University of Minnesota, Dept. of Agricultural and Applied Economics 268 University of Reading, Centre for Agricultural Strategy, Farm Animal Care Trust 177 Unruh, J.A. 52 Upton, M. 254, 255 Urick, J.J. 263 Van Den Heever, L.W. 50 Van Koevering, M.T. 154 van Niekerk, A. 336 Van Niekerk, B.D.H. 231 Van Rensburg, J.J. 50 Van Wicklen, G.L. 330 Veall, Frederick 75 Veenhuizen, J.J. 92 Vercoe, J.E. 197, 301 Vieselmeyer, B.A. 321 Vocational Education Productions, Da-Nel Productions 86 Von Tungeln, D.L. 122, 151, 153 VonTungeln, D.L. 105, 106, 110 Wakeman, D.L. 133 Wall, Robert 48, 239 Wallach, S.J.R. 136 Wan Zahari Mohamed 288 Ward, J.K. 115 Wardynski, F. 310 Warner, R.D. 131 Warriss, P.D. 204, 233 Webster, A.J.F. 11 Weekes, T.E.C. 264 Wells, M.E. 335 Western Regional Coordinating Committee on Utilization of Range Forage for Rangeland and Domestic Ruminant Production, New Mexico State University, Agricultural Experiment Station 362 Wetteman, R.P. 108 Wettemann, R.P. 107, 230, 335 White, W.A.B. 349 Whitsett, D. 69 Whittier, W.D. 181 Wieman, G.A. 149, 289 Wiley, S. 150 Willham, R.L. 140 Williams, C.B. 223 Williams, C.M. 7 Williams, G. 69 Williams, M.J. 123 Wilson, M.E. 260 Wilson, R.T. 253 Wilton, J.W. 207, 312 Winfield, C.G. 45 Wolfley, B.F. 319 Wolynetz, M.S. 70 Wood-Gush, D.G.M. 29, 72 Wythes, J.R. 57, 58, 59, 60, 61 Young, B.A. 67, 155 Yusof Hamali Ahmad 288 Zavy, M.T. 106, 107, 110, 122, 153 Zayan, R. 26 Zinn, G. 290 Zinn, R.A. 36
Abattoirs 25, 45, 50, 57, 58, 59, 117, 224, 386 Aberdeen-angus 111, 318 Abnormal behavior 77, 346 Abomasum 327 Abortion 121, 368 Abrasion 147 Abscesses 316 Absorption 316 Acclimatization 199, 205 Accuracy 246 Acremonium coenophialum 227 Adaptation 141, 301 Adrenal glands 191 Adverse effects 149 Aflatoxicosis 258 Aflatoxins 258 Africa 273, 309, 309 Afrikander 336 Age 60, 143 Age differences 99, 105, 258 Aggressive behavior 200, 229 Agonistic behavior 158, 355 Agribusiness 325 Agricultural ecology 2 Agricultural education 260 Agricultural engineering 93, 228, 313, 315 Agricultural industries 2 Agricultural law 6 Agricultural policy 297 Agricultural pollution 2 Agricultural prices 221 Agricultural productivity 268 Agricultural regions 46 Agricultural research 14, 38 Agricultural structure 218 Agriculture 2, 221, 308 Agroforestry 103 Air spora 90 Air transport 376 Air, Ionized 240 Alaska 170, 337 Alberta 341 Alfalfa hay 59 Algorithms 96 Alkaloids 227 Alpha-tocopherol 146 Altruism 235 Amblyomma Americanum 277 Ammonia 342 Anaerobic conditions 342 Analgesics 290 Analysis of variance 125 Anesthesia 25 Anesthetics 365 Animal behavior 7, 8, 10, 24, 42, 45, 55, 60, 72, 116, 117, 118, 165, 280, 289, 322, 354, 370 Animal breeding 170, 305 Animal culture 201 Animal diseases 11, 14, 27 Animal experimentation 323 Animal feeding 88, 226, 302 Animal genetic engineering 193, 239, 373 Animal genetics 239, 373 Animal health 178, 181, 244, 248, 280, 303, 310, 326, 379 Animal housing 1, 3, 11, 12, 18, 27, 29, 35, 70, 73, 120, 170, 188, 201, 210, 247, 248, 266, 278, 293, 342, 346, 348, 357, 370, 372 Animal husbandry 15, 29, 66, 74, 101, 170, 210, 212, 219, 224, 280, 346, 357, 358, 389 Animal industry 2, 5, 268 Animal manures 168 Animal models 191 Animal nutrition 123, 197, 294 Animal production 66, 91, 224, 273, 280, 326, 346, 356, 374, 384 Animal products 22 Animal proteins 367 Animal wastes 6, 168 Animal welfare 2, 5, 7, 11, 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 40, 43, 48, 53, 56, 65, 66, 72, 78, 85, 86, 162, 165, 171, 172, 176, 177, 178, 189, 191, 193, 202, 203, 204, 208, 210, 213, 214, 215, 224, 237, 239, 262, 274, 280, 282, 306, 307, 308, 322, 323, 326, 328, 346, 347, 350, 356, 360, 365, 371, 373, 374, 376, 377, 384, 385, 386 Animals 48, 202, 307 Animals, Treatment of 2, 54, 171, 175, 216, 307, 333 Antagonists 230 Antibiotics 69 Antioxidants 340 Arachis glabrata 123 Arthropod pests 20 Artificial insemination 21 Assessment 24, 26, 255 Attachment behavior 156 Australia 30, 45, 66, 196, 228, 238 Autografts 180 Automatic control 93 Automation 250 Autumn 102, 199 Bacteria 90 Barley 226 Barns 90, 267 Barriers 88, 345 Bedding 247 Beef 50, 152, 208, 279 Beef breeds 114, 229, 301 Beef bulls 88, 114, 125, 136, 155, 158, 207, 286, 335 Beef cattle 3, 8, 21, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 54, 59, 60, 61, 65, 67, 69, 71, 76, 79, 81, 82, 92, 94, 96, 99, 105, 106, 109, 110, 111, 117, 120, 121, 122, 124, 128, 130, 131, 132, 134, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144, 145, 146, 147, 151, 153, 156, 160, 161, 163, 166, 167, 179, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 194, 195, 196, 197, 205, 206, 208, 210, 222, 223, 225, 226, 227, 231, 234, 236, 238, 245, 246, 263, 267, 269, 275, 283, 285, 288, 288, 289, 292, 294, 295, 296, 298, 301, 302, 305, 310, 312, 316, 320, 324, 327, 329, 329, 340, 341, 344, 347, 354, 361, 363, 365, 369, 378, 387, 388, 389 Beef cattle industry 282 Beef cows 52, 55, 97, 107, 108, 164, 190, 199, 230, 232, 235, 241, 279, 284, 318, 332, 336, 351, 355, 364, 368 Beef herds 349 Beef industry 41, 159 Beef packers 81 Beef production 17, 40, 98, 141, 163, 166, 223, 241, 242, 261, 291, 303, 364, 369 Beef quality 155, 204, 223, 257 Behavior 56 Bibliographies 210, 375 Bibliography 174, 174 Bioclimate 269 Bioethics 360 Biofermal 134 Biotechnology 48, 208 Birth weight 232 Bites 149 Blood 164, 165, 274 Blood chemistry 50, 236, 294, 363 Blood composition 49, 117 Blood glucose 355 Blood meal 130, 132, 142, 321 Blood picture 363 Blood plasma 43, 51, 99, 110, 116, 143, 146, 339 Blood sampling 146 Blood serum 92, 182, 191, 290, 327, 351 Blood sugar 143 Body composition 223, 339 Body condition 119 Body fat 109, 246 Body protein 339 Body temperature 63, 205, 294 Body weight 109, 143, 153, 207, 284, 339 Bovidae 126, 127 Bovine diarrhea virus 275 Bovine respiratory syncytial virus 46 Brahman 13, 50, 59, 60, 102, 104, 340 Branding 43, 347, 365 Bred heifers 52 Breed differences 97, 100, 110, 125, 167, 182, 197, 229, 263, 279, 340 Breeders' associations 125 Breeding 171, 201 Breeding programs 37, 185 Breeds 358 Broilers 293 Brood care 160 Browsing 64 Browsing damage 64, 103 Bruises 204 Bruising 45, 57, 58, 131, 257 Buildings 276 Bull feeding 114 Bulls 49, 65, 157, 244, 261 Bunching 289 Cabt 46, 52, 80, 96, 120, 150, 170, 183, 184, 199, 225, 238, 245, 277, 277, 277, 281, 325, 326, 330, 347, 369 Cage size 381 Cages 381 Calf feeding 321, 341 Calf housing 72, 168, 291 Calf production 46, 96 California 28 Calves 51, 67, 68, 72, 82, 93, 99, 110, 112, 119, 122, 128, 140, 141, 142, 150, 151, 153, 156, 161, 223, 229, 232, 244, 290, 293, 303, 320, 321, 341, 349, 358, 364 Calving 51 Calving rate 336 Calving season 161, 364 Camels 270 Canada 15 Capitalism 297 Carbon dioxide 25, 165 Carcass composition 52, 92, 100, 157, 182, 222, 246, 263, 279, 312, 327, 359, 378 Carcass disposal 170 Carcass quality 13, 25, 45, 49, 52, 57, 58, 61, 102, 104, 109, 115, 123, 124, 133, 139, 157, 180, 279, 339, 369, 377 Carcass weight 57, 58, 59, 125, 167, 223, 257 Carcass yield 109, 139, 152, 155, 223, 327, 359 Carcasses 57, 58, 204 Carriers 347, 378 Case studies 255 Castration 49, 99, 126, 127, 140, 158, 290, 365 Catecholamines 51 Cattle 20, 30, 50, 56, 56, 56, 57, 58, 62, 63, 101, 103, 118, 123, 138, 148, 154, 159, 159, 196, 198, 204, 217, 241, 242, 257, 270, 272, 287, 331, 366, 367, 377 Cattle breeds 149, 340 Cattle crushes 209 Cattle diseases 338, 344 Cattle farming 183 Cattle fattening 98, 133, 147, 223, 292, 299, 303, 321, 359 Cattle feeding 369 Cattle feedlot soils 133 Cattle housing 34, 36, 136, 139, 147, 161, 358, 387 Cattle husbandry 28, 60, 95, 161, 229, 261, 291, 303 Cattle manure 34, 183 Cattle pens 79 Cattle trade 304 Cephalosporins 272 Cervidae 326 Cervus elaphus 116, 326 Cervus elaphus canadensis 326 Charolais 182 Chemical treatment 30 Chemicals 347 Chilling 135 Chutes 31, 118, 357 Claviceps purpurea 226 Climate 266, 311 Climatic factors 387 Cobweb models 95 Code of practice 7 Cold 190, 205 Cold stress 67, 68, 131, 199, 232, 264, 336 Cold tolerance 120, 388 College students 260 Color 131 Colorado 98, 118 Commercial farming 238 Comparisons 28, 369 Compensatory growth 71, 321 Computer applications 73 Computer simulation 74, 167, 269, 277 Concentrates 102, 144, 296 Concrete 133 Conditioning 141, 341 Congenital infection 275 Congresses 48, 48, 159, 159, 159, 159, 198, 198, 198, 198, 243, 249, 249, 249, 249, 306, 307, 307, 307, 308, 308, 308, 309, 309, 333, 333 Consciousness 26, 214 Construction 187, 267 Consumer attitudes 40 Consumers' preferences 76 Consumption per caput 325 Contamination 226, 258 Control methods 30, 361 Controlled grazing 295 Controlled release 109, 152, 339, 378 Controllers 348 Controls 315 Convection 271 Conversion efficiency 207 Conveyors 93 Cooking 127 Cooling 160 Cooperative services 125 Corticoliberin 191 Corticotropin 105, 110, 146, 191 Cortisol 106, 116, 151, 232, 294, 351, 355, 363 Cost benefit analysis 150, 179, 324, 330 Costs 21, 28, 97, 187, 349 Cows 61, 349 Creatine kinase 146 Creep feeding 71, 128, 140 Creep grazing 82 Crop mixtures 19 Crop production 241 Crop residues 292, 321 Crossbred progeny 263, 284 Crossbreds 13, 44, 97, 104, 149, 197, 279 Crossbreeding 167, 223, 284 Crowding 149 Crude protein 119, 142, 359 Culling 74, 97 Cultural change 270 Curing 193 Cynodon nlemfuensis 369 Dactylis glomerata 331 Dairies 28 Dairy cattle 179 Dairy cows 88, 119, 235, 352, 380 Dairy equipment 160 Dairy farming 19, 160 Dairy farms 80 Dairy laws 84 Dairy performance 352 Dairy products 220 Dairying 84, 159 Dams (mothers) 51, 156 Dark cutting meat 52, 204, 377 Data processing 81, 81 Decision making 96, 250, 270, 349 Deer 376 Deer farming 326 Defense mechanisms 64 Dehorning 86 Deiodination 339 Demonstration farms 183 Design 73, 87, 88, 370, 381 Design calculations 271 Development 91 Diagnosis 275 Diarrhea 358 Diet 2, 119 Dietary laws 334, 334 Dietary protein 321 Differential pricing 223 Digestibility 294 Digestible energy 114 Digestion 64 Digestive disorders 181 Diptera 20 Disease control 14, 27, 46, 161, 272, 275, 365, 366 Disease models 374 Disease prevention 275 Disease resistance 344, 376 Disorders 380 Distance travelled 45 Diurnal variation 44 Domestic animals 174, 273, 374 Domestication 273, 322 Dominance 355 Dosage effects 92, 109, 327, 378 Dressing percentage 13, 59, 109, 133 Drinkers 87 Drivers 213 Drought 66 Droughts 129, 220, 221 Drug effects 154 Drug therapy 112 Drugs 302 Dry lot feeding 261 Dry matter 71, 225, 349, 378 Duration 125 Dust 285 Dystocia 51 Ecology 249, 360 Econometric models 47 Economic analysis 46, 98 Economic aspects 84, 129, 221 Economic dualism 80 Economic evaluation 97 Economic impact 218, 238, 258, 312, 385 Effect of drought on 129, 220, 221 Efficacy 165 Efficiency 167, 314 Egg collectors 1 Egg production 253 Ejaculate volume 114 Electric current 42 Electric heaters 160 Electrical energy 87, 160 Electrical treatment 57, 111, 165, 274 Electricity 160, 317, 380 Electrolytes 155 Electrolytes retention 155 Embryo mortality 108 Embryonic development 107, 108 Emission 285, 342 Endocrinology 264 Endometrium 318, 332 Energy 130 Energy balance 119 Energy consumption 87 Energy content 114 Energy intake 143, 269, 284 Environment 1, 4, 8, 151, 166, 301, 336 Environmental assessment 379 Environmental control 18, 250, 311, 313 Environmental engineering 159 Environmental factors 14, 64, 161, 162, 196, 311, 352 Environmental impact 96, 385 Environmental policy 238 Environmental protection 40 Environmental temperature 63, 199, 205, 335, 352, 387 Enzyme activity 146, 332, 339 Epinephrine 43, 51, 146 Equipment 18, 98, 302 Equipment and supplies 32, 39 Ergot 226 Errors 246 Erythrocytes 146 Essential amino acids 321 Estradiol 100, 109, 124, 222, 232, 339, 378 Estrous behavior 164 Estrous cycle 138, 180, 230 Estrus 21, 164, 318 Ethics 66, 374 Etiology 161 Europe 214 Euthanasia 165 Evaluation 265, 313, 315 Evaporative cooling 18, 361 Excretion 105 Explants 332 Exports 287 Exposure 42 Extensive livestock farming 72, 74 Facilities 10, 98 Fallow deer 326 Fans 160, 313, 314, 315, 348, 361 Farm buildings 3, 35, 383 Farm comparisons 238 Farm equipment 170 Farm management 253, 319 Farm structure 78, 267 Farmers 5 Farming 160, 278 Fasting 105, 131 Fat absorption 132 Fat percentage 182, 200 Fat thickness 246 Fattening performance 71, 124, 128, 130, 132, 134, 137, 141, 142, 144, 145, 182, 231, 279, 296, 298, 321 Fatty acids 182 Feasibility 170 Feasibility studies 179 Feather meal 321 Feed conversion 100, 109, 148, 152, 290, 321, 327, 336, 339, 378 Feed conversion efficiency 133, 139, 180, 222, 284, 366 Feed dispensers 267 Feed grains 226 Feed intake 62, 63, 109, 119, 139, 152, 190, 199, 227, 289, 290, 312, 321, 366, 378 Feed rations 303, 310 Feed supplements 144, 369 Feed troughs 231 Feeding 1, 59, 180, 248 Feeding and feeds 76 Feeding behavior 44 Feeding frequency 245 Feedlot effluent 184 Feedlot wastes 183, 319 Feedlots 6, 13, 28, 37, 47, 50, 63, 69, 71, 98, 102, 104, 120, 121, 123, 124, 128, 130, 132, 134, 137, 139, 141, 142, 144, 145, 180, 181, 184, 185, 186, 207, 223, 231, 236, 241, 242, 245, 261, 267, 275, 285, 296, 298, 302, 303, 310, 316, 321, 324, 341, 354, 359, 363, 369 Feeds 88, 163, 258 Fees 179 Female fertility 97, 312 Fence posts 187 Fences 82, 187 Fencing 3, 55, 267, 295, 319 Fermentation 225 Festuca arundinacea 227 Fetus 51 Fibrinogen 122 Filters 168 Filtration 90 Flavors 61, 127 Flies 188 Flocks 248, 253 Floor type 342 Florida 13, 102, 104, 123, 133, 369 Fodder crops 160 Follicles 143 Food 208, 334 Food and nutrition controversies 78 Food biotechnology 78 Food industry 40 Food industry and trade 2 Food preferences 76 Food prices 356 Food processing plants 41 Food quality 8, 135 Food safety 40, 78, 200 Forage 64, 349 Foraging 190 Forest plantations 103, 331 Fowls 367 Fractionation 62 Free range husbandry 190 Freezing 43 Gastrin 51 Gates 82 Genetic correlation 195 Genetic covariance 194 Genetic differences 286 Genetic engineering 48, 239, 374 Genetic engineerring 373 Genetic parameters 196 Genetics 305 Genotype environment interaction 197 Genotypes 47, 106, 122, 153, 223, 233, 364 Geographical distribution 311 Georgia 276, 330 Glucocorticoids 151, 344 Glucose 232 Glutathione 340 Glycogen 8 Gnrh 138, 286 Government policy 84 Government research 305 Grain drying 160 Grazing 66, 71, 123, 138, 198, 225, 319, 321, 369 Grazing behavior 190, 199, 227 Grazing effects 101, 103, 331 Grazing time 199, 227 Great Britain 175, 175, 216, 333, 333, 334 Grooming 235 Groundwater 319 Group size 261 Groups 136 Growth 49, 92, 128, 130, 132, 134, 142, 144, 182, 194, 195, 200, 263, 284, 301, 312, 331, 341 Growth curve 125 Growth models 254, 255 Growth promoters 200, 218, 316 Growth rate 60, 125, 207, 316 Guidelines 85, 360 Haematobia irritans 294 Hair 347 Hair follicles 347 Handbooks, manuals, etc 39, 39 Handling 10, 21, 32, 45, 56, 57, 58, 60, 93, 111, 117, 118, 135, 146, 160, 204, 209, 212, 228, 229, 251, 357, 370 Handling machinery 33 Haptoglobins 290 Harvesting 349 Hay 102 Heart 274 Heart diseases 53 Heart rate 43, 294 Heat exchangers 293 Heat production 67, 205, 264 Heat shock 332, 340 Heat shock proteins 340 Heat stability 67 Heat stress 63, 107, 108, 148, 149, 205, 206, 227, 289, 318, 330, 335, 340, 361, 367 Heating 160 Heating and ventilation 383 Heating systems 12, 73 Heifers 51, 52, 88, 97, 143, 180, 232, 234, 263, 279, 364 Height 143 Hematology 151 Herbivores 64 Herd size 74, 254, 349 Herd structure 74, 95, 97, 161, 254, 255, 270 Herds 60, 61, 74 Hereford 59, 156, 339 Heritability 195, 196, 207 Heterosis 97 Hired labor 179 Histopathology 368 History 215, 297, 304, 304, 304, 304 Holstein-friesian 303 Hoof and claw diseases 147 Horizontal resistance 209 Hormone secretion 143, 230, 286, 332 Horses 367 Households 270 Housing 39, 89, 159, 169, 211, 240, 243, 249, 252, 266, 364, 383 Housing density 36, 77 Humidity 18 Hydraulic equipment 118 Hydrocortisone 43, 99, 110, 191, 290 Hydroquinone 347 Hygiene 11 Hypothalamus 191 Idaho 103 Immobilization 53 Immune response 191, 217, 344 Immunity 217 Immunization 182 Immunology 151 Implantation 115, 124, 133, 157, 158, 316, 339 Implementation of research 85 Incidence 88 India 201, 201, 201 Indiana 6 Induction 313 Infertility 318 Ingestion toxicity 226 Inhibitors 332, 340 Injection 347 Injuries 88 Inspection 48, 310 Instruction 276 Insulin 143, 182 Insulin-like growth factor 92, 327 Intensive livestock farming 7, 15, 72, 147, 322, 358, 360 Interactions 229 Intestinal microorganisms 366 Inventories 95 Investments 297 Ionophores 137, 298 Ions 155 Iowa 183, 184 Ireland 135 Irrigated pastures 163 Japan 271 Kansas 3, 52, 121, 241, 242 Keeping quality 61 Kentucky 82, 277 Kenya 270 Kinship 235 Kleiber, Hans 1920- 159 Laboratory animals 323 Laboratory mammals 374 Lameness 147 Land capability 91 Land clearance 170 Land use 19 Landrace 233 Large white 233 Lasalocid 298, 299 Law 215, 356 Layout 357 Layout and planning 31, 388 Lean 167 Leanness 200 Lectins 119 Lesions 327 Leukocyte count 355 Leukocytes 122 Levamisole 217 Lh 138, 143, 230, 286 Libido 114, 286 Lighting 1 Lipids 104 Literature reviews 138, 191, 196, 322 Litter 11, 120, 278, 342, 372 Live vaccines 338 Liver 104 Livestock 2, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18, 22, 24, 26, 27, 29, 53, 66, 74, 75, 77, 78, 83, 85, 89, 91, 93, 129, 165, 169, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 178, 188, 189, 191, 198, 201, 201, 203, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216, 220, 221, 228, 237, 239, 240, 243, 248, 249, 249, 251, 252, 258, 259, 264, 266, 268, 276, 278, 280, 282, 300, 306, 307, 308, 309, 322, 323, 325, 328, 333, 345, 346, 348, 352, 353, 356, 357, 362, 370, 372, 373, 374, 375, 381, 383, 384, 385, 386 Livestock enterprises 170, 248, 250, 337 Livestock factories 2, 171, 176, 262, 371 Livestock farming 6, 14, 16, 260, 297, 360 Livestock feeding 170, 310, 349 Livestock housing 4, 68, 77, 87, 162, 224, 250, 265, 271, 311, 313, 314, 315, 380 Livestock number 95 Livestock numbers 19, 80, 255, 270 Livestock products 248 Livestock projects 22 Livestock protection dogs 256 Livestock sector 15 Livestock transporters 209, 376 Liveweight 59, 71, 196, 257 Liveweight gain 37, 46, 99, 100, 109, 120, 125, 139, 143, 149, 150, 180, 245, 263, 272, 290, 296, 327, 341, 366, 369, 378, 387 Liveweight gains 44, 123, 269 Loading 209 Locomotion 24 Lolium perenne 102 Longissimus dorsi 246 Loose housing 291 Losses 67, 257, 349, 380 Louisiana 179, 359 Lymphocyte transformation 191, 340 Lymphocytes 340, 367 Maize 119, 130, 134, 145, 321 Maize silage 225 Malawi 292 Male animals 113, 126, 127, 200 Mali 253 Mammals 64 Man 229 Management 38, 60, 166, 342 Managers 88 Mangers 36 Marginal analysis 80 Marginal returns 223 Marketing 204, 241, 242, 248, 333 Maternal behavior 156 Maternal effects 51 Mathematical models 46, 255, 269, 312, 349 Mating behavior 114 Mating systems 167 Meat 193, 219 Meat and livestock industry 218, 326, 337 Meat animals 200, 274 Meat industry and trade 304 Meat lines 233 Meat production 200, 325, 326, 360 Meat quality 59, 61, 111, 113, 131, 233, 274 Meat yield 135 Medical treatment 181 Metabolism 67, 151, 153, 264 Meteorological factors 269 Methodology 63, 165 Microbial contamination 219 Microclimatology 266 Milk composition 119 Milk production 84, 156, 284 Milk yield 119, 254, 312 Milking 160 Mineral metabolism 298 Minnesota 19 Mississippi 37, 185 Missouri 124 Mixing 355 Mode of action 298 Models 271 Monensin 144, 245, 298 Montana 150, 199 Morbidity 112, 272, 283, 358, 366 Mortality 46, 181, 253, 254, 255, 257, 272, 283, 341, 358, 366, 377, 387 Motility 114 Motors 314, 315 Movements 10 Multivariate analysis 19 Muscle tissue 8, 59 Muscles 57, 58, 116, 152 Muslims 334 National forests 103 Natural ventilation 271 Nebraska 121, 149, 289 Netherlands 168 Neurotransmitters 230 Neutrophils 146 New Mexico 137 New York 247 New Zealand 16, 297, 326 Newborn animals 67, 161 Newspapers 120, 247, 278, 372 Nitrites 193 Nitrogen metabolism 298 Nitrogen retention 294 Noise 42 Nonesterified fatty acids 232 Norepinephrine 43 North Dakota 267 Nutrient content 119 Nutrient requirements 142, 181 Nutrition 13, 138 Nutrition programs 166, 388 Objectives 125 Odocoileus Virginianus 281 Odor abatement 168, 342 Odor emission 342 Ohio 71, 128, 130, 132, 134, 142, 144, 275, 296, 349 Oklahoma 277, 324 Oleic acid 104 Ontogeny 77 Operating costs 179, 238 Operator comfort 213 Optimization 47 Oregon 69, 331 Organization of research 305 Organs 49, 339 Outbreaks 283 Outturn 255 Ovariectomized females 180 Ovariectomy 180 Ovaries 180 Oxidoreductases 332 Oxytocin 318 Packing-houses 41, 304 Pain 24, 26, 27, 43, 53, 365 Parasites 30, 181, 365 Parasitism 181 Part time farming 248 Particle size distribution 285 Paspalum notatum 123 Pasteurella haemolytica 121 Pasteurella multocida 121, 283 Pasteurellosis 283, 377 Pastoral society 91 Pastoralism 16, 74, 91, 270, 297 Pasture management 13, 102 Pastures 319 Pens 133, 149, 231, 244, 287, 289, 358, 389 Pepsinogen 236 Perception 11 Performance 92, 102, 104, 109, 152, 234, 269, 322, 341, 352, 369 Performance testing 36, 87, 125, 207, 292 Perinatal mortality 161 Peroxidase 332 Pest control 385 Ph 8, 50, 61, 111, 116, 131 Philosophy 15 Phospholipids 332 Phylogeny 77 Physico-chemical properties 57, 58 Physiology 280 Pig farming 160 Pig housing 168, 228, 379 Pigmeat 325 Pigmentation 347 Pigs 25, 70, 95, 135, 217, 218, 233, 293 Pinus ponderosa 103, 331 Pituitary 191 Plane of nutrition 138 Planning 295 Plant competition 331 Plant composition 64 Plants, Effect of drought on 129, 221 Plastic nets 296 Pneumonia 358 Poisoning 227 Politics 297 Polling 140, 365 Population dynamics 277 Postmortem examinations 283 Posture 24 Postweaning interval 71, 109, 115, 128, 142, 194, 301 Potassium 299 Poultry 9, 53, 85, 188 Poultry farming 160, 253 Poultry housing 1, 253, 271, 317, 330 Power lines 42 Practice 319 Prediction 254, 311 Pregnancy 52, 60, 108, 318 Prepartum period 232 Prevention 161, 342, 380 Preweaning period 115, 195, 301 Prices 324, 341 Probability 46 Probiotics 366 Production 311 Production costs 28, 80 Production functions 80 Production structure 91, 96, 273 Productivity 74, 167, 242, 254, 255 Profitability 96, 312 Profits 312 Progeny 336 Progesterone 109, 164, 180, 339 Propellers 313, 314, 315 Prostaglandins 318, 332 Protein digestion 119 Protein intake 138 Protein sources 130, 132, 142, 144 Protein supplements 225, 321, 359 Protein synthesis 367 Protein uptake 132 Proteins 332 Pseudotsuga menziesii 331 Psychological needs 11 Puberty 143 Public opinion 385 Public relations 7 Puerperium 275 Pyrocatechol 347 Quality product 250 Quebec 35, 293 Queensland 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 365 Range management 91, 101, 169 Range pastures 320 Rangifer tarandus 337 Recycling 247 Reflection 330 Reflexes 25 Regrowth 64 Regulation 332 Regulations 200, 214, 238, 297 Religious aspects 334 Reproduction 196, 248, 255, 335 Reproductive efficiency 138 Reproductive performance 136, 254 Research 228, 239, 373 Research policy 250, 337 Research support 305 Resistance 196 Resource exploitation 273 Respiration rate 205, 294 Respiratory diseases 69, 121, 154, 181, 272, 338 Responses 387 Rest 50, 57, 58 Restraint of animals 93, 94, 110, 118, 165, 351, 381 Restricted feeding 245 Retinol 138 Returns 21, 46, 349 Ribs 246 Rice straw 59 Risk 19, 96 Road transport 376, 377 Roofs 330 Roots 331 Rotation 137 Rotational grazing 281 Rotational speed 315 Roughage 145, 234, 296 Rumen 121 Rumen bacteria 150 Rumen digestion 119, 130, 264 Rumen metabolism 298 Ruminants 264 Rump 246 Runoff water 183 Safety at work 214 Sahel 91 Salers 229 Salmonella typhimurium 368 Salmonellosis 368 Sanitation 316 Saskatchewan 347 Scales 24 Schools 276 Scotland 269 Screens 149 Scrotum 114 Seasonal variation 139, 199 Secale cereale 102 Secondary metabolites 64 Secretion 318 Seedlings 103 Selection criteria 322, 348 Semen 21 Semen characters 114, 335 Senses 370 Sensory evaluation 100, 152 Sexual behavior 114, 136, 158, 200 Sexual development 286 Shading 133 Shear strength 152, 279 Shearing 228 Sheep 20, 93, 101, 118, 138, 198, 228, 367 Shehitah 334 Shelter 269, 320, 388 Shelterbelts 3 Shelters 352, 387 Shock 380 Shorthorn 59, 60, 111 Sikhs 334 Silage 128, 130, 134, 145, 359 Silvopastoral systems 103 Simmental 336 Simulation models 19, 277, 311 Sires 263 Size 114, 125, 287 Skin 347 Skin temperature 43 Skinning 152 Slatted floors 34, 36, 147 Slaughter 8, 47, 50, 57, 58, 94, 116, 117, 135, 165, 204, 215, 219, 233, 242, 370, 386 Slaughter weight 167, 223 Slaughtering and slaughter-houses 41, 75, 216, 328 Slaughtering and slaughterhouses 334 Slaughtering equipment 93, 165 Small farms 292 Snow cover 345 Social behavior 355 Social interaction 235 Social structure 235 Socioeconomic status 356 Soil test values 319 Soil water 331 Solar collectors 12 Solar energy 12 Solar heating 12, 265 Somatoliberin 182 Somatotropin 78, 92, 143, 218, 327 Sources 234 South Africa 336 South America 101 South Dakota 14, 68, 120, 225, 245 Southern states of U.S.A. 305 Soviet Union 240, 266, 266, 266, 383, 383 Soybean husks 119 Soybean oilmeal 225, 321 Soybean soapstock 119 Soybeans 130, 132, 142, 225, 359 Space requirements 36, 45, 162, 377 Spacing 45 Spatial distribution 235 Species 248 Species differences 258, 367 Spermatozoa 114 Spraying 361 Spumavirinae 338 Stables 169 Stalls 292 Standards 317 Statistical data 242 Statistics 241 Steaks 126, 127 Steers 13, 44, 49, 61, 92, 100, 102, 104, 105, 109, 115, 133, 152, 157, 182, 222, 244, 263, 290, 294, 299, 327, 339, 359, 378 Stimulation 57 Stochastic processes 19 Stocking rate 82 Stockmen 357 Stockyards 304 Stomoxys calcitrans 148, 149, 289, 294 Storage 160, 349 Straw 120 Straw cobs 267 Stray voltage 42 Stress 4, 10, 11, 20, 25, 43, 49, 50, 51, 57, 58, 61, 99, 105, 106, 110, 111, 112, 115, 116, 121, 122, 126, 127, 146, 150, 151, 153, 155, 157, 165, 166, 190, 191, 194, 195, 196, 217, 230, 233, 236, 244, 257, 294, 301, 344, 346, 351, 352, 353, 355, 363, 365, 368, 376, 377, 388 Stress (Physiology) 362 Stress factors 14, 197, 283, 370 Stress response 272, 332, 366 Structural change 19, 80, 273, 297 Stunning 25, 53, 93, 214, 216, 274 Subcutaneous fat 104 Sucklings 364 Sugarcane bagasse 369 Sulfadimethoxine 69 Summer 50, 133 Sunflowers 225 Supplementary feeding 155 Supplies 302 Supply response 95 Support measures 297 Surpluses 78 Survival 107 Susceptibility 258 Sympathetic nervous system 191 Symptoms 214 Synchronization 21 Synthetic hormones 152 Systems 73, 295 Tannins 64 Techniques 342 Technological innovations 159, 159 Technology transfers 91 Temperament 60, 61, 357 Temperature 18 Tenderness 61, 111, 152, 279 Tennessee 277 Testes 286 Testosterone 286 Tetany 257 Texas 281 Texture 126 Therapy 181 Thermal neutrality 205 Thermodynamics 269 Thermoregulation 62, 199 Thiabendazole 217 Thiamin 227 Three dimensional models 345 Thyroid hormones 339 Timing 161 Torque 314 Traditional farming 229 Traditions 270 Trailers 209 Training 357 Training courses 246 Traits 194, 322 Transdermal application 347 Transfer 51 Transgenic animals 374 Transport 105, 126, 127, 135, 150, 151, 154, 166, 228, 236, 257, 287 Transport of animals 45, 58, 110, 122, 141, 146, 153, 155, 157, 204, 209, 213, 233, 251, 272, 353, 366, 375, 376, 377 Transportation 56, 307, 307 Treatment 272, 366 Trenbolone 100, 109, 124, 222, 378 Trichostrongylidae 236 Trifolium 102 Tropics 196, 301 Trucks 213 Twins 156, 312 Types 253, 363 U.S.A. 40, 46, 80, 163, 209, 215, 325, 385, 386 Ultrasonic devices 228 Ultrasonic fat meters 246 Ultrasonography 246 United States 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 48, 54, 54, 84, 84, 84, 129, 129, 129, 174, 174, 220, 220, 220, 221, 221, 221, 221, 221, 239, 239, 304, 304, 304, 304, 373, 373 University research 276 Unsaturated fatty acids 104 Urea 132, 142, 143, 182, 225, 321 Utilization 218 Vaccination 46, 140, 275, 310 Vaccines 302 Vasopressin 191 Veal calves 17 Veal industry 23, 350 Vegetables 160 Vegetation management 331 Velvet 326 Venezuela 287 Venison 116, 326 Ventilation 12, 18, 70, 73, 89, 160, 265, 293, 313, 314, 315, 330, 348, 379 Vertebrate pests 385 Veterinarians 27, 384 Veterinary hygiene 249, 252 Veterinary medicine 118, 309 Veterinary physiology 249 Veterinary practice 384 Veterinary services 179 Viability 337 Vibration 213 Videotapes 251 Viral diseases 338 Virginia 287 Viruses 121 Vision 55 Vocalization 25 Volatile fatty acids 119 Washington 319 Wastage 88 Waste disposal 168, 184, 379 Waste treatment 342 Wastes 342 Water 1, 361 Water holding capacity 61 Water intake 163 Water policy 163 Water pollution 6, 319 Water quality 6 Water requirements 163 Water stress 331 Water troughs 267 Water use 163 Weaning 68, 106, 110, 122, 153, 365 Weaning weight 312, 364 Weed control 319 Weight gain 133, 148, 222, 289, 292 Weight losses 105, 141, 353, 377 West Virginia 96 Wildlife management 385 Wind protection 345 Windbreaks 267, 388 Winter 13, 50, 123, 190, 199, 232, 269, 349, 388 Wire 317 Woody plants 64 World 325 Yields 255 Zebu 110, 196, 286 Zebu breeds 284 Zebu cattle 122 Zeranol 49, 109, 115, 124, 126, 127, 157, 158 Zimbabwe 283
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http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/oldbib/qb9516.htm, April 17, 1998