Housing, Husbandry, and Welfare of Beef CattleAnimal Welfare Information Center
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Compiled By:
D'Anna J.B. Jensen
Animal Welfare Information Center, Information Centers Branch
National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture
10301 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351
Jensen, D'Anna J.B. Housing, husbandry, and welfare of beef cattle. (Quick bibliography series ; 95-16) 1. Beef cattle--Bibliography. I. Title. aZ5071.N3 no.95-16
Set Description
S1 (BEEF OR FEEDER(W)CATTLE OR STOCK?(W)CATTLE OR
LIVESTOCK) AND (BOVINE OR BOS OR COW?? OR BULL?? OR
STEER?? OR HEIFER? OR CALF OR CALVE?? OR CATTLE OR
HERD?? OR PRODUCTION)
S2 S1 AND SH=(L100 OR L300 OR N100)
S3 S2 AND (HOUS? OR FACILIT? OR STRUCT? OR PEN?? OR
STALL?? OR CONFINE? OR STANCHION?? OR FREE(W)STALL?? OR
PARLOR?? OR FEEDLOT??)
S4 S1 AND STRESS?
S5 S4 NOT SH=L500
S6 S1 AND (WELFARE OR WELL(W)BEING OR HUMANE OR HANDL? OR
CARE)
S7 (S3+S5+S6)
S8 S7 AND PY=1985:1995
S9 RD (unique items)
1 NAL Call. No.: 107.6 H682 Development of experimental methods for air environment in livestock buildings. I. Filtration method for measuring bacterial aerosol concentration Hoshiba, S.; Tanaka, T.; Dohkoshi, J. Sapporo : Hokkaido Daigaku Nogaku-bu; 1985. Hokkaido Daigaku Nogaku-bu hobun kiyo; Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University v. 14 (4): p. 370-375. ill; 1985. Includes references. Language: Japanese Descriptors: Barns; Air spora; Bacteria; Filtration 2 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 Am32P 1990's technology for 1970's poultry and livestock buildings. Tucker, T.A.; Latz, G.I. II St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,; 1991. Paper / (913020): 11 p.; 1991. Paper presented at the "1991 International Summer Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," June 23-26, 1991, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Language: English Descriptors: Animal housing; Poultry housing; Environment; Lighting; Water; Feeding; Egg collectors 3 NAL Call. No.: SF51.F69 Agricide the hidden crisis that affects us all. Fox, Michael W., New York : Schocken Books,; 1986. xv, 194 p. [10] p. of plates : ill. ; 21 cm. Includes index. Bibliography: p. 185-189. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; United States; Animal industry; United States; Livestock factories; United States; Animals, Treatment of; United States; Agriculture; United States; Agricultural industries; United States; Agricultural ecology; United States; Agricultural pollution; United States; Food industry and trade; United States; Diet; United States; Animal welfare 4 NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6 Agricultural engineering. Schwarm, M.A. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1992 Nov. Agri-Practice v. 13 (10): p. 25-27; 1992 Nov. Language: English Descriptors: Kansas; Beef cattle; Farm buildings; Shelterbelts; Animal housing; Fencing 5 NAL Call. No.: 101 M144 Agricultural structures in the future. Barrington, S. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec : Macdonald Ext. Serv., Faculty of Agric, Macdonald Campus of McGill Univ; 1986 Nov. Macdonald journal v. 47 (4): p. 35; 1986 Nov. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Livestock housing; Environment; Stress 6 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1131 Animal agriculture myths & facts.. Animal agriculture, myths and facts Animal agriculture, myths & facts Animal Industry Foundation Arlington, Va. The Foundation,; 1990. 1 videocassette (18 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 pamphlet. Language: English Descriptors: Animal industry; Farmers; Livestock; Animal welfare Abstract: Features farmers showing cow/calf and feedlot cattle production, as well as turkey, hog, veal and egg production. 7 NAL Call. No.: TD224.I6W37 Animal agriculture's effect on water quality: pastures and feedlots. Sutton, A.L. West Lafayette, Ind. : School of Agriculture; 1990 Jul. Water quality (7): 3 p.; 1990 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Indiana; Animal wastes; Water quality; Livestock farming; Feedlots; Water pollution; Agricultural law 8 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B4 Animal behavior and welfare--the challenge to intensive production. Williams, C.M. Bryan, Tex. : Lang Printing; 1988. Beef cattle science handbook v. 22: p. 61-64; 1988. Language: English Descriptors: Intensive livestock farming; Animal behavior; Animal welfare; Public relations; Code of practice 9 NAL Call. No.: TP368.I7 Animal behaviour and environment in the dark-cutting condition in beef--a review. Tarrant, P.V. Dublin : An Foras Taluntais; 1989. Irish journal of food science and technology v. 13 (1): p. 1-21; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Animal behavior; Environment; Slaughter; Muscle tissue; Ph; Glycogen; Food quality Abstract: Dark cutting or high-pH meat is a persistent quality defect found in all meat species. Caused by a lack of normal acidification of meat during rigor development, dark- cutting is a direct consequence of low muscle glycogen at slaughter. Glycogen breakdown in muscle may be rapidly triggered by increased circulating adrenaline or by strenuous muscular activity. In addition, glycogen is slowly depleted during starvation. Any behaviour and environmetal circumstances that trigger one or more of these glycogen breakdown mechanisms will cause dark-cutting if the stress is allowed to persist for sufficient time. Mounting activity is the behaviour most closely associated with muscle glycogen depletion and dark-cutting in beef. This behaviour is stimulated by social regrouping, as in mixed penning of young bulls, and also by oestrus in groups of females. Lairage modifications aimed at reducing mounting activity during the preslaughter period have been successful. Short-haul road transport is not associated with dark-cutting in beef but there is evidence that some lambs may be affected, even by relatively short journeys. Long-haul road transport resulted in small increases in beef final pH and these may be reversed by resting and feeding before slaughter. Fasting did not cause dark-cutting in beef or lamb; however, it lowered muscle glycogen reserves, thus rendering an animal more susceptible to dark-cutting from additional sources of stress. Fasting also inhibited muscle glycogen resynthesis during recovery after stress. There is a good theoretical basis, although little experimental evidence, to link cold exposure with dark- cutting meat. The use of beta-agonists as growth promoters may increase the incidence of dark-cutting meat unless a sufficient withdrawal period before slaughter is observed. Rates of glycogen resynthesis are slower in ruminants than in monogastrics, probably due to the lower availability of glucose in ruminants. Although drug interventions were unsucces 10 NAL Call. No.: SF55.C2A5 Animal care livestock and poultry on today's farm. Kolkman, John Edmonton, Alberta : Christian Farmers, Federation of Alberta,; 1987. 23 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Cover title. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Poultry 11 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535 Animal handling. Grandin, T. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1987 Jul. The Veterinary clinic of North America : food animal practice v. 3 (2): p. 323-338. ill; 1987 Jul. In the series analytic: Farm animal behavior / edited by E.O. Price. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Handling; Stress; Movements; Facilities; Animal behavior 12 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V6456 Animal housing as perceived by the animal. Webster, A.J.F. London : Wright; 1989. The Veterinary annual (29): p. 1-8; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Animal housing; Perception; Animal welfare; Litter; Animal diseases; Hygiene; Stress; Psychological needs 13 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.E547 Animal housing: solar application. DeShazer, J.A.; Bodman, G.R. Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1991. Energy in world agriculture v. 4: p. 233-253; 1991. In the series analytic: Energy in World Agriculture / edited by B.F. Parker. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal housing; Solar heating; Solar energy; Heating systems; Livestock; Ventilation; Solar collectors 14 NAL Call. No.: SF191.F5 Animal performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers finished without backgrounding versus backgrounding prior to finishing. Bertrand, J.E.; Johnson, D.D. Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1988. Florida beef cattle research report - Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. p. 144-150; 1988. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Brahman; Crossbreds; Steers; Nutrition; Pasture management; Feedlots; Winter; Carcass quality; Dressing percentage 15 NAL Call. No.: 100 SO82S Animal stress research tied to 'making a living'. Thomson, J.; Parsons, J.; Males, J. Brookings, S.D. : The Station; 1992. South Dakota farm & home research - South Dakota, Agricultural Experiment Station v. 43 (3): p. 5-7; 1992. Language: English Descriptors: South Dakota; Livestock farming; Stress factors; Environmental factors; Animal diseases; Disease control; Agricultural research 16 NAL Call. No.: S1.A375 Animal welfare. Elliot, J.I. Ottawa : Agrican Publishers, Inc; 1986. Agrologist v. 15 (2): p. 10-11. ill; 1986. Language: English Descriptors: Canada; Animal welfare; Intensive livestock farming; Animal husbandry; Livestock sector; Philosophy 17 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 N483 Animal welfare considerations--pastoral animals. Kilgour, R. Wellington : New Zealand Veterinary Association; 1985 Apr. New Zealand veterinary journal v. 33 (4): p. 54-57; 1985 Apr. Literature review. Includes 34 references. Language: English Descriptors: New Zealand; Animal welfare; Pastoralism; Livestock farming 18 NAL Call. No.: 50.9 R24 Animal welfare--how to respond. Conklin, D.H.; Kauffman, R.G.; Calkins, C.R. Chicago, Ill. : National Live Stock and Meat Board; 1990. Proceedings - Annual Reciprocal Meat Conference of the American Meat Science Association (43rd): p. 21-30; 1990. Meeting held on June 10-13, 1990, Mississippi State, MS. Includes discussion, p. 22-30. Language: English Descriptors: Animal welfare; Beef production; Veal calves 19 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 AG83 Animal-tending controls fine tune environmental conditions. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers; 1988 Nov. Agricultural engineering v. 69 (7): p. 6-9. ill; 1988 Nov. Language: English Descriptors: Environmental control; Equipment; Livestock; Animal housing; Ventilation; Temperature; Humidity; Evaporative cooling 20 NAL Call. No.: 281.8 C16 The application of multivariate stochastic dominance criteria to agricultural economic problems. Jeffrey, S.R.; Eidman, V.R. Ottawa : Canadian Agricultural Economics and Farm Management Society; 1991 Jul. Canadian journal of agricultural economics; Revue Canadienne d'economie rurale v. 39 (2): p. 193-209; 1991 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Minnesota; Dairy farming; Structural change; Risk; Multivariate analysis; Stochastic processes; Livestock numbers; Crop mixtures; Land use; Simulation models 21 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535 Arthropod-induced stress in livestock. Campbell, J.B. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1988 Nov. The Veterinary clinic of North America : food animal practice v. 4 (3): p. 551-555; 1988 Nov. In the series analytic: Stress and disease in cattle / edited by J.L. Howard. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Cattle; Stress; Arthropod pests; Diptera 22 NAL Call. No.: SF191.K4 Artificial inseminationfor the beef herd. Nichols, C.; Absher, C.; Miksch, D.; Heersche, G.; Gay, N. Lexington, Ky., The Service; 1986 Sep. ASC - University of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service v.): 5 p. ill; 1986 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Artificial insemination; Estrus; Synchronization; Semen; Handling; Costs; Returns 23 NAL Call. No.: SF55.A785L9 ASEAN Food Handling Project by D.J. Lyons.. Handling of livestock and livestock products in ASEAN 1978 to 1989 Lyons, D. J. Kuala Lumpur : ASEAN Food Handling Bureau,; 1990. vi, 48 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. "A review of the activities and achievements of the livestock components of the ASEAN Food Handling Project of the ASEAN-Australia Economic Co-operation Program"--P. i. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock projects; Livestock; Animal products 24 NAL Call. No.: HV4708.A874 1990 ASPCA update veal calf facts.. Veal calf facts American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals New York, N.Y. : American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, [1990?]; 1990. 1 sheet : ill. ; 28 cm. Caption title. Language: English Descriptors: Animal welfare; Veal industry 25 NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A77 Assessing pain by studuing posture, activity and function. Loeffler, K. Brussels : Directorate-General for Agriculture, Coordination of Agricultural Res; 1986. Assessing pain in farm animals : proceedings of a workshop held in Roslin, Scotland, 25 and 26 October 1984 / edited by I.J.H. Duncan, V. Molony. p. 49-57; 1986. (EUR ; 9742 EN). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Pain; Assessment; Locomotion; Posture; Animal behavior; Scales; Animal welfare 26 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 An assessment of carbon dioxide stunning in pigs. Gregory, N.G.; Moss, B.W.; Leeson, R.H. London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 Nov28. The Veterinary record v. 121 (22): p. 517-518; 1987 Nov28. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Pigs; Abattoirs; Carbon dioxide; Stunning; Vocalization; Anesthesia; Reflexes; Carcass quality; Animal welfare; Stress 27 NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A77 Assessment of pain in animals : epistemological comments. Zayan, R. Brussels : Directorate-General for Agriculture, Coordination of Agricultural Res; 1986. Assessing pain in farm animals : proceedings of a workshop held in Roslin, Scotland, 25 and 26 October 1984 / edited by I.J.H. Duncan, V. Molony. p. 1-15; 1986. (EUR ; 9742 EN). Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Pain; Assessment; Animal welfare; Consciousness 28 NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A54 1987b The assessment of welfare in diseased farm animals. Jackson, P.G.G. London : The Foundation, [1987?]; 1987. The proceedings of the BVA Animal Welfare Foundations' [sic] fifth symposium : entitled Animal disease--a welfare problem? : held on 18 November 1987 / edited by T.E. Gibson ; assistant editor, D.A. Paterson. p. 42-47; 1987. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal welfare; Livestock; Animal diseases; Veterinarians; Animal housing; Pain; Disease control 29 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG At present, livestock production more favorable in Imperial Valley. Guerrero, J.N.; Peterson, N.; Calderon, J.; Plasencia, A.; Gonzalez, R.A. Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California; 1991 Sep. California agriculture v. 45 (5): p. 18-21; 1991 Sep. Language: English Descriptors: California; Cattle husbandry; Production costs; Feedlots; Comparisons; Costs; Dairies 30 NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A34 The attainment of humane housing for farm livestock. Wood-Gush, D.G.M. Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1985. Advances in animal welfare science. p. 47-55. ill; 1985. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Animal husbandry; Animal welfare; Animal housing; Livestock 31 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 Automatic chemical applicators for cattle. McPhee, J.E.; Hirst, D.J. London : Academic Press; 1992 Jul. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 52 (3): p. 215-227; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Cattle; Chemical treatment; Parasites; Control methods Abstract: Mustering and other cattle management operations are a significant cost for beef producers on extensive properties in northern Australia. As a result, a range of cattle handling equipment has been developed which uses animal behaviour patterns to simplify some tasks. Two "animal- powered" devices were developed to automatically apply parasite control chemicals to cattle as they passed through one-directional spear gates. Both applicators were based on wheel-driven pumps, and dispensed chemicals in proportion to the length of contact between the device and the animal's body. Application rates were within 10% of existing recommendations for animals in the most common weight range of 250-500 kg. The applicators were simple to install and remove, allowing easy transfer between sites. 32 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.K4K42 Beef cattle corrals and handling facilities. Burris, R.; Absher, C.; McNeill, S.; Turner, L. Lexington : The Service; 1986 Apr. ID - University of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service v.): 7 p. ill; 1986 Apr. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Chutes; Layout and planning 33 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B39 Beef cattle handling facilities. Saskatchewan, Family Farm Improvement Branch Regina, Canada : Saskatchewan Agriculture, Family Farm Improvement Branch, [1985?]; 1985. 9 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Cover title. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Handling; Equipment and supplies 34 NAL Call. No.: SF13.M3A5 Beef cattle handling facilities. Thrift, F.A. College Park, Md. : Cooperative Extension Service, University of Maryland; 1992 Nov. Animal agriculture update newsletter / v. 7 (6): p. 5; 1992 Nov. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Handling machinery 35 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3 Beef cattle housing and facilities--Jaunary 1979 - August 1990. Swanson, J.C. Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1990 Nov. Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (91-20): 12 p.; 1990 Nov. Bibliography. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Cattle housing; Cattle manure; Slatted floors 36 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P Beef cattle housing in Quebec climate. Marquis, A.; Godbout, S. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-4027): 10 p.; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International Summer Meeting sponsored by the American Agricultural Engineers and the Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering, June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, Canada. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Quebec; Beef cattle; Animal housing; Farm buildings 37 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Beef cattle performance on slotted floors: manger space allotment. Morrison, S.R.; Zinn, R.A. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1985. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 85-4522): 6 p. ill; 1985. Paper presented at the 1985 Winter Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Cattle housing; Housing density; Slatted floors; Performance testing; Mangers; Space requirements 38 NAL Call. No.: 100 M69MI Beef cattle study mimics real world of producers. Broadway, R. Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1992 Feb. MAFES research highlights - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station v. 55 (2): p. 5; 1992 Feb. Language: English Descriptors: Mississippi; Beef cattle; Breeding programs; Feedlots; Liveweight gain 39 NAL Call. No.: aS21.R44A7 Beef facilities and management at MARC. Hays, W.G.; Ross, G.S. Clay Center, Neb. : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; 1993 May. ARS / (71): p. 1-2; 1993 May. In the series analytic: Beef research progress report no. 4. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Agricultural research; Management 40 NAL Call. No.: SF206.B4 1987 Beef housing and equipment handbook., 4th ed.. Midwest Plan Service Ames, Iowa : Midwest Plan Service, 1987; 1987. 1 v. (various pagings) : ill. ; 28 cm. Cover title. MWPS-6. Includes index. Bibliography: p. 13.1.. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Housing; Handbooks, manuals, etc; Beef cattle; Equipment and supplies; Handbooks, manuals, etc 41 NAL Call. No.: HD1775.A2A5 Beef industry faces complex issues. Powell, B. Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1992. Alabama agribusiness - Auburn University, Alabama Cooperative Extension Service v. 30 (4): p. 1-3; 1992. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Beef production; Food industry; Environmental protection; Animal welfare; Food safety; Consumer attitudes 42 NAL Call. No.: aHD9433.U52D83 Beefpacking and processing plants computer-assisted cost analysis. Duewer, Lawrence A.; Nelson, K. E. United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Commodity Economics Division Washington, DC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Commodity Economics Division ; Rockville, MD : ERS-NASS [distributor,; 1991. v, 71 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (ERS staff report ; no. AGES 9115.). Cover title. April 19 91. Includes bibliographical references (p. 28). Language: English Descriptors: Beef industry; Packing-houses; Slaughtering and slaughter-houses; Food processing plants 43 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 Behavior of cattle in pens exposed to +/-500 kV DC transmission lines. Ganskopp, D.; Raleigh, R.; Schott, M.; Bracken, T.D. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Apr. Applied animal behaviour science v. 30 (1/2): p. 1-16; 1991 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Animal behavior; Power lines; Exposure; Electric current; Stray voltage; Noise 44 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Behavioral and physiological effects of freeze or hot-iron branding on crossbred cattle. Lay, D.C. Jr; Friend, T.H.; Randel, R.D.; Bowers, C.L.; Grissom, K.K.; Jenkins, O.C. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 70 (2): p. 330-336; 1992 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Branding; Freezing; Blood plasma; Epinephrine; Heart rate; Norepinephrine; Hydrocortisone; Stress; Skin temperature; Pain; Animal welfare Abstract: Twenty-seven crossbred calves (1/2 Simmental, 1/4 Hereford, 1/4 Brahman) averaging 257 +/- 11 d of age were either hot-iron-branded (H), freeze-branded (F), or sham- branded (S). Calves were blocked for temperament, weight, and sex and were randomly assigned to day and order in which treatments were applied. To reduce stress from handling at treatment time, each calf was herded through the squeeze chute daily for 5 d before the experiment. Jugular cannulas were inserted in each calf 1 d before application of treatment. Blood samples and heart rate measures were obtained at -5, -3, 0, .5, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min after application of the treatments. Mean concentrations of plasma epinephrine (EPI) were higher for H calves at time .5 min than for either S or F calves (P = .10). To account for individual differences, prebranding heart rates and hormone concentrations were subtracted from subsequent samples and were also used to calculate a proportion for each subsequent sample. Analyses of subtracted values found that EPI concentrations were greater for H calves than for either S or F calves (P = .007) at .5 min postbranding. No other differences were found for the subtracted analyses. Analyses of proportion data also revealed that H calves had greater EPI than did either S or F calves (P = .027) at .5 min postbranding. Only three animals vocalized during branding, one H calf and two F calves. Despite the 5-d acclimation period, handling and restraint elevated plasma cortisol concentrations and heart rate. Because restraint elevated physiological indicators of stress, possible treatment differences may have been masked. The greater epinephrine response experienced by H calves indicates a higher momentary pain sensation than that experienced by either S or F calves. 45 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3) Behavioral patterns of feedlot steers. Hicks, R.B.; Owens, F.N.; Gill, D.R. Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1989 Jun. Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University (127): p. 94-105; 1989 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Crossbreds; Feeding behavior; Liveweight gains; Diurnal variation 46 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 The behaviour and bruising of cattle during transport at different space allowances. Eldridge, G.A.; Winfield, C.G. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 28 (6): p. 695-698; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Beef cattle; Transport of animals; Animal behavior; Bruising; Distance travelled; Abattoirs; Handling; Spacing; Space requirements; Carcass quality 47 NAL Call. No.: HD1773.A3N6 A bioeconomic analysis of bovine respiratory disease complex. Nyamusika, N.; Spreen, T.H.; Rae, O.; Moss, C. Manhattan, Kan. : Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University; 1994 Jan. Review of agricultural economics v. 16 (1): p. 39-53; 1994 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Beef cattle; Calf production; Bovine respiratory syncytial virus; Disease control; Vaccination; Returns; Economic analysis; Mathematical models; Mortality; Liveweight gain; Agricultural regions; Probability Abstract: Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRDC) is an important disease affecting both beef and dairy cattle produced in confinement operations. A bioeconomic model of BRDC is developed for a typical Midwestern feedlot. Using vaccine efficacy rates found in the veterinary science literature, significant returns to vaccination are estimated. 48 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 A bioeconomic model for comparing beef cattle genotypes at their optimal economic slaughter end point. Amer, P.R.; Kemp, R.A.; Buchanan-Smith, J.G.; Fox, G.C.; Smith, C. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1994 Jan. Journal of animal science v. 72 (1): p. 38-50; 1994 Jan. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Genotypes; Feedlots; Optimization; Econometric models; Slaughter Abstract: A bioeconomic model of a feedlot was developed for the comparison of beef cattle genotypes under specified management and marketing conditions. The optimization behavior of commercial feedlot managers is incorporated into the model using optimum economic rotation theory. The days spent in the feedlot (rotation) by a group of animals are derived using this theory so as to maximize an objective function. Differences among breeds in the present value of profits from a single rotation, expressed per animal, represent the expected price premium paid for a feeder animal of a particular breed. Feed requirements and growth rates for a genotype are predicted over time for a specified diet from estimated mature size. Estimates of carcass fatness over time as a function of the energy content of the diet and estimates of dressing percentage over time are used for each genotype. A base model is described that incorporates biological parameters estimated for 11 breeds from a major breed comparison experiment and uses prices of inputs and outputs for Ontario feedlots. Sensitivity of the model to these biological and economic assumptions is shown. When breeds are compared at constant days fed, weight, or fat depth slaughter points, rankings are inconsistent, relative to those when each breed is slaughtered at its optimal economic point. The model can be used to establish appropriate slaughter end points for comparing beef cattle breeds and crosses and to evaluate breeding objectives for feedlot traits in genetic improvement programs. 49 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.199 Biotechnology briefing Technology Transfer and Assessment Staff ; David Berkowitz [and] Daniel Jones.. Technology Transfer and Assessment Staff seminars on Biotechnology Jones, Daniel; Cross, H. Russell; Bolt, Douglas J.; Wall, Robert; Hansen, J.; Barbeito, Manuel United States, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Technology Transfer and Assessment Staff Washington : D.C.? : USDA, The Staff,; 1987. 6 videocassettes (VHS) (317 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 brief sheet. "Tuesday, March 17, 1987, Room 4434, South Building"--Brief sheet. Brief sheet title. Title on container: Technology Transfer and Assessment Staff seminars on biotechnology. Language: English Descriptors: Biotechnology; Congresses; Genetic engineering; Congresses; Animals; Inspection; United States; Animal welfare 50 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Blood and serum components and organ weights in steers, bulls and zeranol-implanted bulls. Doornenbal, H.; Tong, A.K.W.; Newman, J.A.; Murray, N.L.; Mears, G.J. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1987 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 64 (2): p. 489-496; 1987 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Bulls; Steers; Zeranol; Blood composition; Organs; Castration; Growth; Carcass quality; Stress 51 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 SO8 Blood biochemical parameters and meat pH of feedlot cattle slaughtered on arrival or after overnight rest at an abattoir. Grosskopf, J.F.W.; Meltzer, D.G.A.; Van Den Heever, L.W.; Collett, F.A.; Van Rensburg, J.J.; Mulders, M.S.; Lombard, M.S. Pretoria : The Association; 1988 Sep. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association v. 59 (3): p. 149-152; 1988 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Feedlots; Slaughter; Blood chemistry; Ph; Beef; Abattoirs; Rest; Summer; Winter; Brahman; Stress 52 NAL Call. No.: 100 N27M Calving and stress hormones of calves. Rainforth, L.; Knott, M.; Clemens, E. Lincoln, Neb. : The Station; 1990 Oct. MP - University of Nebraska, Agricultural Experiment Station (56): p. 13-15; 1990 Oct. In the series analytic: 1991 Beef Cattle Report. Language: English Descriptors: Dystocia; Heifers; Calves; Dams (mothers); Calving; Stress; Maternal effects; Epinephrine; Transfer; Fetus; Blood plasma; Catecholamines; Gastrin 53 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Carcass traits and the occurrence of dark cutters in pregnant and nonpregnant feedlot heifers. Kreikemeier, K.K.; Unruh, J.A. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1993 Jul. Journal of animal science v. 71 (7): p. 1699-1703; 1993 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Kansas; Cabt; Beef cows; Bred heifers; Heifers; Pregnancy; Dark cutting meat; Carcass composition; Carcass quality Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine whether the occurrence of dark cutters and selected carcass traits differ between pregnant and nonpregnant feedlot heifers. Feedlot heifers (n = 8,292) were identified at slaughter as being either nonpregnant, pregnant with a moderate-sized fetus (midgestation), or pregnant with a large fetus (late gestation). This was based on visual appraisal of a gravid uterus at the evisceration table. After chilling (24 to 72 h), carcass data were collected. Cattle originated from 23 different commercial feedyards located within a 350-km radius of a commercial slaughter facility located in southwest Kansas. Across slaughter lots, the incidence of pregnancy varied from 0 to 25% with an overall mean of 4.74%. Carcass traits of heifers with moderate or large fetuses did not differ (P > .15). Compared with carcasses from nonpregnant heifers, carcasses from pregnant heifers were 4.5 kg lighter (P < .01), had .11 cm more fat thickness (P < .01), and exceeded the number of carcasses that graded Choice or Prime by 6% (P < .01). Carcasses from pregnant heifers had higher maturity scores (P < .01) and there was no incidence of dark cutters (P < .01) compared with a 1.7% incidence of dark cutters in carcasses from nonpregnant heifers. Any economical advantage in the pregnant heifers due to their higher percentage of Choice carcasses and lower incidence of dark cutters may be offset by their increased carcass fat thickness and lower dressing percentage. 54 NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A34 Cardiac arrest stunning of livestock and poultry. Grandin, T. Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1985. Advances in animal welfare science. p. 1-30; 1985. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Poultry; Heart diseases; Pain; Animal welfare; Stunning; Immobilization 55 NAL Call. No.: SF196.U5C3 The Care and handling of beef animals in the United States today a position paper. American National CattleWomen Englewood, CO : American National CattleWomen, [1988?]; 1988. 21 leaves ; 29 cm. Bibliography: leaves 19-20. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; United States; Animals, Treatment of; United States 56 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M58B Cattle behavior during handling & corral design for beef cow herds. Grandin, T. East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1991 Dec. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State University (2996): 10 p.; 1991 Dec. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Fencing; Animal behavior; Vision 57 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.422 Cattle handling and transportation produced for the USDA Office of Transportation by the Livestock Conservation Institute.. Livestock handling guide Livestock trucking guide Grandin, Temple; Hoke, Karl E. United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Office of Transportation, Livestock Conservation Institute Amarillo, Tex. : The Institute,; 1988. 1 videocassette (18 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 2 booklets. (Livestock handling & transportation). VHS format. Booklets are entitled Livestock handling guide and Livestock trucking guide. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Handling; Cattle; Transportation; Cattle; Behavior; Animal welfare 58 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Cattle handling at abattoirs. I. The effects of rest and resting conditions before slaughter and of electrical stimulation of carcasses on carcass weight and muscle properties. Wythes, J.R.; Shorthose, W.R.; Powell, V.H. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 39 (1): p. 87-95; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Cattle; Abattoirs; Handling; Bruising; Stress; Rest; Slaughter; Carcasses; Carcass weight; Muscles; Electrical treatment; Stimulation; Carcass quality; Physico-chemical properties 59 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Cattle handling at abattoirs. II. The effects of rest in transit and duration of the resting period before slaughter on carcass weight, bruising and muscle properties. Wythes, J.R.; Arthur, R.J.; Dodt, R.M.; Shorthose, W.R. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 39 (1): p. 97-107; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Cattle; Abattoirs; Handling; Transport of animals; Bruising; Stress; Rest; Slaughter; Carcasses; Carcass weight; Muscles; Carcass quality; Physico- chemical properties 60 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783 Cattle handling at abattoirs. III. The effects of feeding, and of different feeds, during the resting period before slaughter on liveweight, carcasses and muscle properties. Wythes, J.R.; Round, P.J.; Johnston, G.N.; Smith, P.C. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1989. Australian journal of agricultural research v. 40 (5): p. 1099-1109; 1989. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Beef cattle; Brahman; Hereford; Shorthorn; Feeding; Alfalfa hay; Rice straw; Liveweight; Abattoirs; Carcass weight; Dressing percentage; Meat quality; Muscle tissue 61 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Cattle temperaments in extensive beef herds in northern Queensland. 1. Factors affecting temperament. Fordyce, G.; Dodt, R.M.; Wythes, J.R. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 28 (6): p. 683-687; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Beef cattle; Shorthorn; Brahman; Herds; Temperament; Animal behavior; Age; Growth rate; Pregnancy; Handling; Cattle husbandry; Management 62 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792 Cattle temperaments in extensive beef herds in northern Queensland. 2. Effect of temperament on carcass and meat quality. Fordyce, G.; Wythes, J.R.; Shorthose, W.R.; Underwood, D.W.; Shepherd, R.K. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; 1988. Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 28 (6): p. 689-693; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Queensland; Beef cattle; Steers; Cows; Temperament; Herds; Carcass quality; Meat quality; Stress; Ph; Flavors; Tenderness; Water holding capacity; Keeping quality 63 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P Characterizing livestock stress "by the numbers". Hahn, G.L.; Chen, Y.R.; Nienaber, J.A.; Eigenberg, R.A. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1990. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (90-4508): 13 p.; 1990. Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," December 18-21, 1990, Chicago Illinois. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Feed intake; Thermoregulation; Fractionation; Cattle 64 NAL Call. No.: aS21.R44A7 Characterizing stress in feeder cattle. Hahn, G.L.; Nienaber, J.A. Clay Center, Neb. : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; 1993 May. ARS / (71): p. 146-148; 1993 May. In the series analytic: Beef research progress report no. 4. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Feedlots; Heat stress; Body temperature; Environmental temperature; Feed intake; Methodology 65 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82 Chemically mediated interactions between woody plants and browsing mammals. Bryant, J.P.; Reichardt, P.B.; Clausen, T.P. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 Jan. Journal of range management v. 45 (1): p. 18-24; 1992 Jan. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Ingestion of Poisonous Plants by Livestock," February 15, 1990, Reno, Nevada. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Mammals; Herbivores; Plant composition; Secondary metabolites; Woody plants; Browsing; Forage; Defense mechanisms; Tannins; Environmental factors; Digestion; Browsing damage; Regrowth Abstract: A diverse array of secondary metabolites deters feeding by mammals on woody plants. However, not all secondary metabolites are equally deterrent and the potencies of these substances as antifeedants is related to their structures. Although the physiological reason underlying deterrence by secondary metabolites is not well understood, the available evidence indicates that toxicity is more important than digestion inhibition. Resource limitation influences the production of secondary metabolites by woody plants. Species that are adapted to unproductive habitats are more chemically defended than species that are adapted to productive habitats. Resource limitation also affects the phenotypic expression of chemical defense with nutrient stress favoring increased production of carbon-based secondary metabolites and reduced production of nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites. Light stress has the opposite effects on the production of these substances. Herbivory by mammals also affects the chemical defenses of woody plants. In some cases browsing results in increased defense and in others decreased defense. Three circumstances under which browsing by mammals can change the chemical defenses of woody plants are discussed. 66 NAL Call. No.: SF207.M25 Choosing a beef bull hill farming 86 Bala, Gwynedd, June 4-5 1986. Mathewson, G. K. Great Britain, Agricultural Development and Advisory Service Aberystwyth? : ADAS,; 1986. 10 p. ; 21 cm. Cover title. Bibliography: p. 10. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Bulls; Animal welfare 67 NAL Call. No.: SF85.4.A9G72 1985 Codes of conduct for grazing animal welfare: the graziers' view. Peart, W.J. Indooroopilly, QLD : Australian Veterinary Association (Queensland Division); 1985. Grazing Animal Welfare Symposium : proceedings of a symposium held at the Bardon Professional Development Centre, Brisbane, on April 26th and 27th, 1985 / [editors: Brian L. Moore and Peter J. Chenoweth]. p. 170-173; 1985. Language: English Descriptors: Australia; Livestock; Animal production; Animal husbandry; Grazing; Drought; Ethics; Animal welfare 68 NAL Call. No.: 101 AL1A Cold weather calving: metabolic heat production and thermostability. Young, B.A.; Okamoto, M.; Robinson, J.B.; Christopherson, R.J. Edmonton : The Faculty; 1986. Agriculture & forestry bulletin - Alberta University. Faculty of Extension (special issue): p. 11-13; 1986. Paper presented at the 65th Annual Feeders' Day Report, July, 1986, University of Alberta, Canada. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Cold stress; Losses; Heat production; Metabolism; Heat stability; Newborn animals 69 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 SO85C Cold weather care of calves. Brookings, S.D. : The Service; 1987 Dec. South Dakota D.H.I.A. news - South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service. p. 3; 1987 Dec. Language: English Descriptors: South Dakota; Calves; Cold stress; Livestock housing; Weaning 70 NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6 Comparison of ceftiofur with various antibiotic- sulfadimethoxine combinations for the treatment of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease. Hansen, D.E.; Campbell, C.B.; Boyle, J.M.; Stefanides, N.; Whitsett, D.; Williams, G. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1993 Mar. Agri-Practice v. 14 (3): p. 13-17; 1993 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Oregon; Beef cattle; Respiratory diseases; Antibiotics; Sulfadimethoxine; Feedlots 71 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P Comparison of fresh air inlets in small livestock rooms. Turnbull, J.E.; Kains, F.I.; Wolynetz, M.S. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989. Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-4522): 24 p.; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International Winter Meeting, December 12-15, 1989, New Orleans, Louisiana. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ventilation; Animal housing; Pigs 72 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Comparison of intensive and conventional grazing management of two forage species. II. Postweaning feedlot performance of steers. Fisher, J.C.; Bolze, R.P.; Loerch, S.C. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1990 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (90-2): p. 124-131; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Fattening performance; Postweaning interval; Compensatory growth; Grazing; Liveweight; Dry matter; Creep feeding 73 NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55 A comparison of the early behaviour of intensively and extensively reared calves. Kerr, S.G.C.; Wood-Gush, D.G.M. Neston, South Wirral, England : British Society of Animal Production; 1987 Oct. Animal production v. 45 (pt.2): p. 181-190; 1987 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Animal behavior; Intensive livestock farming; Extensive livestock farming; Calf housing; Animal welfare 74 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 A computer program for designing livestock ventilation systems. House, H.K.; Huffman, H.E. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1987. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 87-4039): 13 p.; 1987. Paper presented at the 1987 Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Computer applications; Animal housing; Ventilation; Systems; Design; Heating systems 75 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3 Computer simulation of monitoring herd productivity under extensive conditions: sampling error of herd size and offtake rate. Baptist, R. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1987. Agricultural systems v. 24 (3): p. 199-210; 1987. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Extensive livestock farming; Pastoralism; Herds; Herd structure; Productivity; Computer simulation; Animal husbandry; Culling; Herd size 76 NAL Call. No.: SF1.F64 no.97 Construction and operation of medium-sized abattoirs in developing countries. Veall, Frederick Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,; 1992. xiii, 199 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. (FAO animal production and health paper ; 97). Language: English Descriptors: Slaughtering and slaughter-houses; Livestock 77 NAL Call. No.: 100 N465R no.587 Consumer acceptance of beef from animals fed various levels of feed concentrate in feedlot diets. New Mexico State University, Agricultural Experiment Station Las Cruces, N.M. : New Mexico State University, Agricultural Experiment Station,; 1986. 28 p. ; 28 cm. (Western regional publication ; 7 Research report ; 587). Caption title. Bibliography: p. 17. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Feeding and feeds; Food preferences; Consumers' preferences 78 NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A34 Contribution to a concept of behavioral abnormality in farm animals under confinement. Luescher, U.A.; Hurnik, J.F. Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1986-1987. Advances in animal welfare science. p. 67-76; 1986-1987. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Abnormal behavior; Livestock housing; Housing density; Phylogeny; Ontogeny 79 NAL Call. No.: aHD9001.N275 Controversy over livestock growth hormones continues. Blayney, D.P.; Fallert, R.F.; Shagam, S.D. Washington, D.C. : Commodity Economics Division, Economic Research Service, USDA; 1991 Oct. FoodReview v. 14 (4): p. 6-9; 1991 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Somatotropin; Food and nutrition controversies; Food safety; Food biotechnology; Farm structure; Surpluses; Animal welfare Abstract: At the forefront of biotechnology in animal agriculture is the experimental use of somatotropin, growth hormones that occur naturally in animals. The safety, positive and negative implication surrounding the controversy over the use of bovine somatotropin use for milk production are discussed. 80 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B67 1993 Corrals for handling beef cattle. Borg, Robert Edmonton : Publishing Branch, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development,; 1993. 91 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. "Agdex 420/723-1"--Cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91). Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Cattle pens 81 NAL Call. No.: aHD1401.J68 Cost, supply, and farm structure: a pedagogical note. Teigen, L.D. Washington, D.C : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service : [Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., distributor], 1987-; 1993. Journal of agricultural economics research v. 45 (1): p. 27-32; 1993. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Dairy farms; Production costs; Production functions; Marginal analysis; Structural change; Economic dualism; Livestock numbers Abstract: Starting with an individual firm and its quadratic production function, this paper derives all related functions: marginal and average cost, supply, profit, and input demand. Since derivatives in other functions correspond to parameters of the quadratic, the results generalize. Explicit aggregation from firm to market shows that properly specified aggregate functions depend on firm numbers. To illustrate the results, marginal and average cost functions for several dairy farms are drawn to scale, noting that large farms get more output per cow than small farms. Juxtaposing the cost curves with trends in dairy farms by size shows the link between firm- level profit and structural change. 82 NAL Call. No.: 1 Ag84Te no.1704 Costs of retail beef-handling systems a modeling approach. Duewer, Lawrence A. United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service : [Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., distributor],; 1985. v, 55 p. ; 28 cm.. (Technical bulletin / United States. Dept. of Agriculture ; no. 1704). Cover title. Distributed to depository libraries in microfiche. "June 1985"--P. i. Bibliography: p. 29. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Data processing; Beef packers; Data processing 83 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.K4K42 Creep grazing for beef calves. Rice, H.B.; Absher, C.; Turner, L. Lexington : The Service; 1987 Apr. ID - University of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service (76): 4 p. ill., maps; 1987 Apr. Language: English Descriptors: Kentucky; Calves; Beef cattle; Creep grazing; Fences; Stocking rate; Gates 84 NAL Call. No.: SF75.2.C84 1988 El Cuidado de los animales [Care of livestock]., 1. ed.. Mexico, D.F. : Arbol editorial,; 1988. 192, [1] p. : ill. ; 21 cm. Language: Spanish Descriptors: Livestock 85 NAL Call. No.: KF27.A366 1988 Dairy Production Termination Enforcement Act of 1988 hearing before the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, on H.R. 3870, March 2, 1988. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Washington, [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1988; Y 4.Ag 8/1:100-59. iii, 41 p. : forms ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Serial no. 100-59. Language: English; English Descriptors: Dairying; Economic aspects; United States; Milk production; Government policy; United States; Dairy laws; United States 86 NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A34 The definition, current knowledge and implementation of welfare for farm animals--a personal view. Kilgour, R. Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1985. Advances in animal welfare science. p. 31-46; 1985. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Poultry; Animal welfare; Implementation of research; Guidelines 87 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.844 Dehorning beef cattle produced by Ron Davis and Fred Nelson. Davis, Ron; Nelson, Fred Vocational Education Productions, Da-Nel Productions California? : Da-Nel Productions ; [San Luis Obispo, Calif.?] : Vocational Education Productions,; 1985. 1 videocassette (25 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. VHS. Language: English Descriptors: Dehorning; Animal welfare 88 NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72 Design and contruction effects on cattle waterer energy use. Anderson, V.L.; Johnson, D. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1987. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche collection) (fiche no. 87-4081): 17 p. ill; 1987. Paper presented at the 1987 Summer Meeting of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock housing; Drinkers; Design; Performance testing; Electrical energy; Energy consumption 89 NAL Call. No.: SF779.5.A1B6 The design of feeding barriers and managers and its effect on incidence of injuries and feed wastage. Cermak, J. Stillwater, Okla. : American Association of Bovine Practitioners; 1988 Nov. The Bovine practitioner (23): p. 74-75; 1988 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Heifers; Dairy cows; Beef bulls; Managers; Animal feeding; Barriers; Design; Injuries; Incidence; Feeds; Wastage 90 NAL Call. No.: S671.M47 no.73/85 The Design of livestock buildings for natural ventilation the theoretical basis and a rational design method. Down, M. J. University of Melbourne, Dept. of Civil and Agricultural Engineering Parkville, Vic., Australia : University of Melbourne, Department of Civil and Agricultural Engineering,; 1985. ix, 112 p. : ill. ; 29 cm. (Agricultural engineering report, no. 73/85). RR/AGR/03/85. September 1985. Bibliography: p. 111-112. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock; Housing; Ventilation 91 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32 Does Sahelian pastoral development include range management?. Greenwood, G.B. Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1986 Dec. Rangelands v. 8 (6): p. 259-264. ill; 1986 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sahel; Livestock; Pastoralism; Development; Range management; Animal production; Technology transfers; Production structure; Pastoral society; Land capability 92 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Dose-response effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin implants on feedlot performance in steers. Dalke, B.S.; Roeder, R.A.; Kasser, T.R.; Veenhuizen, J.J.; Hunt, C.W.; Hinman, D.D.; Schelling, G.T. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Jul. Journal of animal science v. 70 (7): p. 2130-2137; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Somatotropin; Dosage effects; Insulin-like growth factor; Growth; Performance; Carcass composition; Blood serum Abstract: One hundred twenty crossbred beef steers averaging 377 kg were used in a 2 X 4 factorial experiment to determine the dose-response effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) implants on growth performance and carcass characteristics. The implant dosages were 0 (sham), 40, 80, or 160 mg/wk administered s.c. in the tailhead region on a weekly basis throughout the experiment. The steers were fed a high- concentrate diet, which contained either a degradable (DP; soybean meal) or an escape (EP; corn gluten and blood meal) protein source. No dietary protein effect or dietary protein X rbST level interactions were detected. Recombinant bST decreased both DMI (P < .10) and feed/gain (P < .05) in a linear dose-dependent manner. Dosage of rbST did not significantly affect (P > .10) ADG or final weight of the steers. Recombinant bST decreased backfat depth (P < .10), marbling score (P < .05), and quality grade (P < .10) and increased yield grade (P < .10) in a linear dose-dependent manner. Soft tissue composition of the 9-10-11th rib section was altered (P < .01) by rbST administration in a linear dose- dependent manner. The percentage of protein in the rib section was increased by 9.4% and fat was decreased by 11.8% at the 160 mg/wk rbST level compared with the sham-implanted steers. Recombinant bST did not affect (P > .10) dressing percentage, hot carcass weight, kidney, pelvic, and heart fat, or longissimus muscle area. Serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations in the steers exhibited a linear response to dosage of rbST (P < .01). These data indicate that rbST is an efficacious method of improving feedlot performance and partitioning nutrient deposition in feedlot steers. 93 NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82 Double rail restrainer conveyor for livestock handling. Grandin, T. London : Academic Press; 1988 Dec. Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 41 (4): p. 327-338. ill; 1988 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Sheep; Calves; Livestock; Handling; Slaughtering equipment; Conveyors; Restraint of animals; Stunning; Automatic control; Agricultural engineering 94 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 Am32P Double rail restrainer for handling beef cattle. Grandin, T. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,; 1991. Paper / (915004): 15 p.; 1991. Paper presented at the "1991 International Summer Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," June 23-26, 1991, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Slaughter; Restraint of animals 95 NAL Call. No.: 280.8 J822 Dynamic animal economics. Rosen, S. Ames, Iowa : American Agricultural Economics Association; 1987 Aug. American journal of agricultural economics v. 69 (3): p. 547-557; 1987 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle husbandry; Herd structure; Livestock number; Supply response; Inventories; Pigs; Cobweb models 96 NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3 An economic and environmental assessment of alternative forage-resource production systems: a goal-programming approach. Fiske, W.A.; D'Souza, G.E.; Fletcher, J.J.; Phipps, T.T.; Bryan, W.B.; Prigg, E.C. Oxford : Elsevier Applied Science; 1994. Agricultural systems v. 45 (3): p. 259-270; 1994. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: West Virginia; Cabt; Beef cattle; Calf production; Profitability; Risk; Environmental impact; Algorithms; Production structure; Decision making 97 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Economic evaluation of heterosis and culling policies for lifetime productivity in Hereford, Angus, Shorthorn, and crossbred cows. Nunez-Dominguez, R.; Dickerson, G.E.; Cundiff, L.V.; Gregory, K.E.; Koch, R.M. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 Aug. Journal of animal science v. 70 (8): p. 2328-2337; 1992 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Heterosis; Culling; Herd structure; Economic evaluation; Heifers; Crossbreds; Breed differences; Costs; Female fertility Abstract: Experimental lifetime performance data obtained from 156 straightbred Hereford, Angus, and Shorthorn and 172 first-cross heifers were used to estimate heterosis for economic efficiency in a 100-cow herd at age equilibrium under three culling policies and at terminal ages from 6 to 12 yr. All nonpregnant heifers and cows > 9 yr of age were culled. The culling policy for removal of nonpregnant cows from second parity through 9 yr of age were 1) no culling, 2) after two consecutive years (actual), and 3) all (imposed). Efficiency was calculated as input cost per unit of output value. A 10-yr average was used for costs of replacement heifers, cow units, and the ratio of calf-cull cow prices (PR), plus higher and lower PR. Input included costs for both cow units and purchased replacements. Output value included both weaned calves and cull cows. Optimum terminal age was mainly a function of PR: 9 yr for average and high PR, but 6 through 9 yr when PR was low, regardless of culling policy or breed groups. Efficiency differences among culling policies were small for high or average PR, but more culling for infertility was beneficial when PR was low. Estimated reductions in unit costs of output value under any culling policy or terminal age were approximately 6% from crossbred cows plus another 6% from crossbred calves, or a total of 12% from specific three-breed crossing of these British breeds. Cost reductions would be somewhat less for rotation crossbreeding but greater for mating smaller crossbred cows with sires of superior growth- carcass breeds. 98 NAL Call. No.: 100 C71S (3) The economics of fed beef production in Colorado. Madsen, A.G.; Gee, C.K. Fort Collins : The Station; 1986 Jan. Technical bulletin - Colorado State University Experiment Station (86-2): 32 p.; 1986 Jan. Includes statistical data. Language: English Descriptors: Colorado; Beef production; Cattle fattening; Feedlots; Facilities; Equipment; Economic analysis 99 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 The effect of age and method of castration on plasma cortisol in beef calves. King, B.D.; Cohen, R.D.H.; Guenther, C.L.; Janzen, E.D. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 Jun. Canadian journal of animal science v. 71 (2): p. 257-263; 1991 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Castration; Age differences; Hydrocortisone; Blood plasma; Stress; Liveweight gain 100 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effect of an implant of trenbolone acetate and estradiol on growth, feed efficiency, and carcass composition of Holstein and beef steers. Perry, T.C.; Fox, D.G.; Beermann, D.H. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Dec. Journal of animal science v. 69 (12): p. 4696-4702; 1991 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Steers; Trenbolone; Estradiol; Liveweight gain; Feed conversion; Breed differences; Carcass composition; Sensory evaluation Abstract: The effects of an implant of 140 mg of trenbolone acetate and 28 mg of estradiol (TBA + E2) on performance and carcass composition were evaluated with 72 individually fed steers. Holstein (n = 24), Angus (n = 24), and Angus X Simmental (n = 24) steer calves were allocated by breed and implant treatment to either an individual feeding pen (n = 36) or an electronic feeding door in a group pen (three pens with 12 animals per pen). Intake and refusal of the 85% concentrate diet were recorded daily. Animals were slaughtered when ultrasonic attenuation values of the longissimus muscle at the 12th rib reached .55, which is correlated with low Choice marbling. At slaughter, complete carcass measurements were taken and the right side of each carcass was separated into boneless wholesale cuts. Implanting with TBA + E2 improved (P < .01) daily gain and feed efficiency. Daily gain was increased 17, 26, and 21% in Holstein, Angus, and crossbred steers, respectively. The implant increased overall daily protein and fat accretion 23%. Carcass conformation and dressing percentage were not affected (P > .05) by TBA + E2 treatment. Implantation with TBA + E2 had little effect on yield of wholesale boneless cuts when expressed as a percentage of carcass weight but increased absolute weight as a small degree of marbling by 6 to 40 kg. 101 NAL Call. No.: 472 N21 Effect of animal husbandry on herbivore-carrying capacity at a regional scale. Oesterheld, M.; Sala, O.E.; McNaughton, S.J. London : Macmillan Magazines Ltd; 1992 Mar19. Nature v. 356 (6366): p. 234-236; 1992 Mar19. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: South America; Range management; Cattle; Sheep; Animal husbandry; Grazing effects Abstract: All significant properties of the herbivore trophic level, including biomass, consumption and productivity, are significantly correlated with primary productivity across a broad range of terrestrial ecosystems. Here we show that livestock biomass in South American agricultural ecosystems across a 25-fold gradient of primary productivity exhibited a relationship with a slope essentially identical to unmanaged ecosystems, but with a substantially greater y-intercept. Therefore the biomass of herbivores supported per unit of primary productivity is about an order of magnitude greater in agricultural than in natural ecosystems, for a given level of primary production. We also present evidence of an increase in livestock body size with primary productivity, a pattern previously characterized in natural ecosystems. To our knowledge this is the first quantitative documentation at a regional scale of the impact of animal husbandry practices, such as herding, stock selection and veterinary care, on the biomass and size-structure of livestock herds compared with native herbivores. 102 NAL Call. No.: SF191.F5 Effect of backgrounding regime on animal performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers finished for various periods in the feedlot. Prichard, D.L.; Bertrand, J.E.; Johnson, D.D. Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1988. Florida beef cattle research report - Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. p. 177-183; 1988. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Brahman; Steers; Autumn; Pasture management; Feedlots; Hay; Concentrates; Secale cereale; Lolium perenne; Trifolium; Carcass quality; Performance 103 NAL Call. No.: 99.8 F7623 The effect of cattle grazing on ponderosa pine regeneration. Kingery, J.L.; Graham, R.T. Ottawa : Canadian Institute of Forestry; 1991 Jun. The Forestry chronicle v. 67 (3): p. 245-248; 1991 Jun. Paper presented at the First Conference on Agroforestry in North America, August 1989, Guelph, Ontario. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Idaho; Pinus ponderosa; Agroforestry; Silvopastoral systems; Cattle; Grazing effects; Forest plantations; Seedlings; Browsing damage; National forests Abstract: During the summer and fall of 1982, a study was established on the Nez Perce National Forest in central Idaho to assess the effects of cattle grazing on the performance of a new ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) plantation. Three study sites were located in a Douglas-fir/ninebark (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Physocarpus malvaceus) habitat type. Results after six years showed that livestock use can influence tree seedling establishment. Mortality and damage to tree seedlings from cattle resulted primarily from trampling rather than from browsing. Five and one-half percent of the seedlings were damaged by cattle, of which 3.6% died. Browsing by deer and elk caused the most growth loss. Overall damage was greatest from non-animal causes. Seedling quality at the time of planting, handling of the seedling, and droughty conditions during the first two years of the study contributed to this type of damage. Overall performance of the tree seedlings were relatively poor. Total mortality to tree seedlings resulting from all sources of damage was 43.6% for the grazed treatment and 25.3% for the non-grazed treatment. 104 NAL Call. No.: SF191.F5 Effect of diet on animal performance, fat composition of subcutaneous adipose and liver tissue of beef cattle. Hidiroglou, N.; McDowell, L.R.; Johnson, D.D. Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1988. Florida beef cattle research report - Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. p. 118-128; 1988. Includes statistical data. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Brahman; Crossbreds; Steers; Feedlots; Performance; Carcass quality; Subcutaneous fat; Unsaturated fatty acids; Liver; Lipids; Oleic acid 105 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 The effect of fasting, transit plus fasting, and administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone on the source and amount of weight loss by feeder steers of different ages. Phillips, W.A.; Juniewicz, P.E.; VonTungeln, D.L. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Jun. Journal of animal science v. 69 (6): p. 2342-2348; 1991 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Weight losses; Fasting; Transport; Corticotropin; Excretion; Stress; Age differences Abstract: Two trials (winter and summer) were conducted to determine effects of fasting and transportation and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTED) administration on the amount and source of weight lost by feeder steers. Sixteen steers, in each of two experiments, were adapted to metabolism status for 10 d, were fed medium-quality hay at 2.1% of BW for 3 d, and then were subjected to either fasting alone or fasting plus transit for 48 h. In Exp. 1 steers were randomly assigned to treatments. In Exp. 2 steers were blocked by age (OLD or YOUNG) and assigned to treatments. Fecal and urinary excretions accounted for 65 and 38% of the total weight lost in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Fasting plus transit did not consistently increase the amount of weight lost compared with fasting alone but increased (P < .01) plasma glucose concentrations. Injection of ACTH before either fasting alone or fasting plus transit increased (P < .05) the amount of weight lost as feces. Steers in the OLD group lost more weight during transit and fasting but regained the lost weight faster (P < .01) during the recovery period than did steers in the YOUNG group. Injecting YOUNG steers with ACTH before fasting alone or fasting plus transit increased plasma fibrinogen (P < .10) and serum glucose (P < .05) concentrations more than ACTH injections in OLD steers. Although fasting and transit elicit mobilization of body nutrients and resulted in a loss of BW, these effects were quickly reversed during the post-stress period. 106 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effect of genotype on basal and ACTH stimulated cortisol response in beef steers during weaning and transit stress. Zavy, M.T.; Phillips, W.A.; Juniewicz, P.E.; VonTungeln, D.L. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1988. Journal of animal science v. 66 (suppl.1): p. 234-235; 1988. Paper presented at the 80th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science, held July 19-22, 1988, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Includes abstract. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Stress; Weaning; Genotypes; Cortisol 107 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3) Effect of heat stress on early embryonic development and survival in the beef cow. Biggers, B.G.; Buchanan, D.S.; Wettemann, R.P.; Zavy, M.T.; Geisert, R.D. Stillwater : The Station; 1986 May. Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University (118): p. 303-307; 1986 May. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Heat stress; Embryonic development; Survival 108 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effect of heat stress on early embryonic development in the beef cow. Biggers, B.G.; Geisert, R.D.; Wetteman, R.P.; Buchanan, D.S. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1987 May. Journal of animal science v. 64 (5): p. 1512-1518; 1987 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Embryonic development; Heat stress; Embryo mortality; Pregnancy 109 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effect of implant sequence and dose on feedlot cattle performance. Mader, T.L. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1994 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 72 (2): p. 277-282; 1994 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Zeranol; Performance; Controlled release; Dosage effects; Feed conversion; Estradiol; Progesterone; Trenbolone; Postweaning interval; Body weight; Liveweight gain; Feed intake; Dressing percentage; Body fat; Carcass quality; Carcass yield Abstract: Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of delayed implanting or the use of a low-dose implant followed by a higher-dose implant in feedlot cattle. In the first study, 150 steers were allotted to 15 pens (three pens/treatment) and assigned to a nonimplant treatment (control), a single zeranol (36 mg) implant (R), or a double zeranol implant (DR) administered at the start of a 140-d finishing period, or a single zeranol implant administered at the start of an 80-d growing period, followed by a single (RR) or double (RDR) zeranol implant administered at the start of the finishing period. Steers managed under the DR, RR, and RDR implant schemes had greater (P < .10) finishing period gains and intakes than the control steer group. However, only DR and RDR steer groups had improved (P < .10) finishing period feed conversions compared with control steers. In combined growing and finishing periods, the RDR steer group displayed the lowest (P = .12) feed:gain ratio. In a second trial, conducted concurrently to the zeranol trial, steers that did not receive an initial implant containing 20 mg of estradiol benzoate plus 200 mg of progesterone (S) but were subsequently implanted twice, once at the start of the finishing period and again 80 d later, had a lower (P < .11) finishing period feed:gain ratio (6.08 vs 6.51) than steers implanted all three times. In a third trial, implanting steers with one-half S vs S, at the start of a 92-d growing period, resulted in improved (P < .05) gain (1.63 vs 1.54 kg/d) and feed: gain ratio (5.86 vs 6.27) in the subsequent finishing period, in which both groups received S, but not over the entire feeding period. Compared with using S alone, as a finishing phase implant, no differences were found in performance or carcass quality from using S in combination with trenbolone acetate. Delayed implanting or using a low-dose implant during an initial feeding period provides performance enhancement in subsequent feeding periods; however, benefits are not great enough to consistently show significant performance benefits over the entire growing and finishing period. 110 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A Effect of initial restraint, weaning, and transport stress on baseline and ACTH-stimulated cortisol responses in beef calves of different genotypes. Zavy, M.T.; Juniewicz, P.E.; Phillips, W.A.; VonTungeln, D.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1992 Apr. American journal of veterinary research v. 53 (4): p. 551-557; 1992 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Zebu; Stress; Restraint of animals; Weaning; Transport of animals; Hydrocortisone; Blood plasma; Corticotropin; Breed differences Abstract: The productivity and well-being of animals can be substantially affected by stress. This is particularly true in the case of beef calves that are subjected to a multitude of stressors over a short period during the first year of life. Perhaps the most often studied stress-responsive variable has been blood corticosteroid concentrations. Factors such as age, gender, genetics, and degree of prior experience, can influence how an animal perceives and responds to a given stressor. Few studies have tried to control these variables, and accordingly, many conflicting results have been published regarding the impact of various stressors on cortisol response. We measured baseline plasma cortisol concentration over a 44-day study in Bos indicus and Bos taurus calves. Plasma cortisol values in Bos indicus calves were higher (32.60 +/- 0.66 ng/ml) than values in calves of Bos taurus (25.81 +/- 0.76) breeding. A precipitous decrease in cortisol concentration was observed 7 days after transport stress in all calves. Baseline cortisol concentration did not provide any indication of the intensity of the various stressors. However, significant differences were readily observed after ACTH administration. On the basis of cortisol secretion, stresses of transport and weaning were similar and were the most stressful to calves, regardless of genotype. 111 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 AU72 Effect of level of handling on meat quality of cattle of two breed types. McIntyre, B.L.; Ryan, W.J. Sydney : Pergamon Press; 1986. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production v. 16: p. 267-270; 1986. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Aberdeen-angus; Shorthorn; Handling; Stress; Electrical treatment; Meat quality; Ph; Tenderness 112 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3) The effect of mass medication on health and performance of newly arrived stocker cattle. Gill, D.R.; Smith, R.A.; Hicks, R.B.; Ball, R.L. Stillwater : The Station; 1986 May. Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University (118): p. 260-268; 1986 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Drug therapy; Stress; Morbidity 113 NAL Call. No.: TX373.M4 Effect of mixing male sex types of cattle on their meat quality and stress-related parameters. Mohan Raj, A.B.; Moss, B.W.; Rice, D.A.; Kilpatrick, D.J.; McCaughey, W.J.; McLauchlan, W. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1992. Meat science v. 32 (4): p. 367-386; 1992. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Meat quality; Male animals 114 NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5 The effect of postweaning level of dietary energy on sex drive and semen quality of young beef bulls. Mwansa, P.B.; Makarechian, M. Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Jun. Theriogenology v. 35 (6): p. 1169-1178; 1991 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef bulls; Beef breeds; Semen characters; Ejaculate volume; Scrotum; Size; Spermatozoa; Motility; Sexual behavior; Mating behavior; Libido; Bull feeding; Energy content; Digestible energy Abstract: Two postweaning feeding trials were conducted on 112 bull calves from a beef synthetic breed group to examine the effects of postweaning level of dietary energy and change in the level of energy on sex drive and semen quality of young bulls in 1988 and 1989. Within each year, the test period was 168 d, which was divided in two periods of 77 d and separated by a 14-d adjustment period. Within each year the bulls were randomly assigned to eight pens. The pen population was balanced with respect to age and weight of bulls. Bulls in four of the pens were fed a high concentrate diet while those in the remaining four pens were fed a low concentrate diet consisting of one half of the high diet plus hay ad libitum in the first period. After the adjustment period, the diets of four pens of bulls were reversed from high to low or from low to high resulting in high-high, high-low, low-high and low-low dietary treatments. The year was a significant (P<0.05) source of variation for all the components of libido score except for number of services achieved. The effect of energy on components of libido and libido score was not significant (P>0.05). Bulls on high-high had significantly larger scrotal circumference but exhibited poorer semen characteristics than their contemporaries on high-low, low-high and low-low diets. Even though feeding of high energy diet throughout the feedlot test period showed a positive effect on scrotal circumference, its effect on semen quality was negative. It was found that feeding a low energy diet in either half of the feedlot test period may prevent the detrimental effects of prolonged high energy feeding on semen characteristics of young beef bulls. 115 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effect of pre- and postweaning zeranol implant on steer calf performance. Mader, T.L.; Clanton, D.C.; Ward, J.K.; Pankaskie, D.E.; Deutscher, G.H. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1985 Sep. Journal of animal science v. 61 (3): p. 546-551; 1985 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Steers; Zeranol; Implantation; Postweaning interval; Preweaning period; Stress; Carcass quality 116 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641 Effect of preslaughter experience on behaviour, plasma cortisol and muscle pH in farmed red deer. Smith, R.F.; Dobson, H. London : The Association; 1990 Feb17. The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary Association v. 126 (7): p. 155-158; 1990 Feb17. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cervus elaphus; Slaughter; Stress; Animal behavior; Cortisol; Blood plasma; Muscles; Ph; Venison 117 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643 Effect of pre-slaughter handling on the behaviour and blood composition of beef cattle. Cockram, M.S.; Corley, K.T.T. London : Bailliere Tindall; 1991 Sep. British veterinary journal v. 147 (5): p. 444-454; 1991 Sep. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Slaughter; Handling; Blood composition; Animal behavior; Abattoirs Abstract: The pre-slaughter handling, behaviour and blood composition of beef cattle at slaughter was studied in a commercial slaughterhouse. The main problems identified were the routine use of driving instruments and delays caused by stoppages in the slaughter line. The plasma concentration of cortisol at the time of slaughter was positively correlated with the time spent standing still and with the time spent in the pre-stun pen. The plasma activity of creatine kinase was positively correlated with the time spent in the race, but no correlations between creatine kinase and physical activity in the race were found. The plasma concentration of glucose was positively correlated with the time spent trotting and the number of times that struggling occurred. The proportions of cattle struggling, vocalizing and defaecating were greatest when they were confined in the race and pre-stun pen. Cattle kept overnight in the lairage had a greater concentration of free fatty acids at the time of slaughter than those slaughtered on the day of arrival. There were no other significant differences in either the blood compositon or the handling and behaviour of cattle kept overnight in the lairage, compared with those slaughtered on the day of arrival. Some of the handling problems observed were caused by incorrect design of the handling facilities. There should be some means of removing cattle from a race if delays are encountered and some means of handling the cattle in the race other than by using an electrical goad. The optimal dimensions of races and passageways to prevent crowding and turning around should be assessed at the design stage. Non-slip floors are essential. 118 NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6 The effect of previous experiences on livestock behavior during handling. Grandin, T. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1993 Apr. Agri-Practice v. 14 (4): p. 15-20; 1993 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Colorado; Cattle; Sheep; Animal behavior; Veterinary medicine; Handling; Chutes; Hydraulic equipment; Restraint of animals 119 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effect of soybean hull:soy lecithin-soapstock mixture on ruminal digestion and performance of growing beef calves and lactating dairy cattle. Shain, D.H.; Sindt, M.H.; Grant, R.J.; Klopfenstein, T.J.; Stock, R.A. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1993 May. Journal of animal science v. 71 (5): p. 1266-1275; 1993 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Dairy cows; Calves; Soybean husks; Soybean soapstock; Lectins; Rumen digestion; Crude protein; Protein digestion; Maize; Diet; Nutrient content; Feed intake; Milk yield; Milk composition; Volatile fatty acids; Energy balance; Body condition Abstract: Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of a soybean hull, soy lecithin, and soapstock mixture on ruminal fiber and protein digestion, growth efficiency of beef calves, and lactational performance of dairy cattle. An initial mixing experiment determined that a 4:1 ratio (DM basis) of soy lecithin:soapstock could be added to soybean hulls at 15% (wt/wt, DM basis); this mixture had acceptable mixing and handling characteristics. Dietary addition of a mixture of 85% soybean hulls, 12% soy lecithin, and 3% soapstock (DM basis; SLS) to provide 0, 3, 5, or 7% supplemental fat resulted in a linear (P < .01) decrease in in situ rate of ruminal NDF digestion with no effect on rate of CP digestion. Daily gain, DMI, and feed efficiency (kilograms of gain/kilogram of DMI) of growing beef calves were not affected (P > .10) as graded levels of SLS replaced corn grain. However, as graded levels of SLS replaced soybean hulls, daily gain and feed efficiency increased linearly (P < .01). Based on the results of these trials, Holstein dairy cattle were fed four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets that contained either high levels of nonfiber carbohydrates (43%) and no added fat, 1% ruminally inert fat, a 6% level of SLS, or a 12% SLS level (all on DM basis). Efficiency of 4% fat-corrected milk production (kilograms of milk/kilogram of DMI) was greatest for cows fed SLS at 6% of dietary DM. The SLS mixture was an excellent source of fiber and vegetable fat, comparable in feeding value to corn grain, for inclusion in the diets of beef calves and dairy cows. 120 NAL Call. No.: SF207.S68 Effect of straw and newspaper bedding on cold season feedlot performance in two housing systems. Birkelo, C.P.; Lounsbery, J. Brookings, SD : Animal and Range Sciences Dept., Agricultural Experiment Station, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State Unviersity, [1986?-; 1992 Aug. South Dakota beef report (92-11): p. 42-45; 1992 Aug. Language: English Descriptors: South Dakota; Cabt; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Litter; Straw; Newspapers; Cold tolerance; Liveweight gain; Animal housing 121 NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6 The effect of stressors like rumen overload and induced abortion on BRD in feedlot cattle. Edwards, A.J. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1989 Mar. Agri-Practice v. 10 (2): p. 10-11, 14-15; 1989 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nebraska; Kansas; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Stress; Rumen; Abortion; Respiratory diseases; Viruses; Pasteurella haemolytica; Pasteurella multocida 122 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 The effect of the stress of weaning and transport on white blood cell patterns and fibrinogen concentration of beef calves of different genotypes. Phillips, W.A.; Juniewicz, P.E.; Zavy, M.T.; Von Tungeln, D.L. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1989 Jun. Canadian journal of animal science v. 69 (2): p. 333-340; 1989 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Zebu cattle; Genotypes; Stress; Weaning; Transport of animals; Leukocytes; Fibrinogen 123 NAL Call. No.: aS21.A8U5/ARS Effect of winter nutrition level and bahia and perennial peanut pasture on performance of growing cattle. Kunkle, W.E.; Palmer, A.Z.; Spreen, T.H.; Hammond, A.C.; Butts, W.T. Jr; Williams, M.J.; Baker, F.S. Jr Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1989. Reprints - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service [114]: p. A/19-A/27; 1989. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Cattle; Animal nutrition; Feedlots; Grazing; Paspalum notatum; Arachis glabrata; Liveweight gains; Carcass quality; Winter 124 NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6 The effect of zeranol and trenbolone acetate and estradiol and trenbolone acetate on carcass and performance parameters of finishing steers. 1. Thornsberry, R.M. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1993 May. Agri-Practice v. 14 (5): p. 29-32; 1993 May. Language: English Descriptors: Missouri; Beef cattle; Zeranol; Estradiol; Trenbolone; Implantation; Feedlots; Carcass quality; Fattening performance 125 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of 84-, 112- and 140-day postweaning feedlot performance tests for beef bulls. Brown, A.H. Jr; Chewning, J.J.; Johnson, Z.B.; Loe, W.C.; Brown, C.J. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 69 (2): p. 451-461; 1991 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef bulls; Size; Carcass weight; Growth rate; Liveweight gain; Growth curve; Performance testing; Breeders' associations; Cooperative services; Duration; Breed differences; Objectives; Analysis of variance Abstract: Changes in performance traits in beef cattle over the last 30 yr necessitate the reevaluation of central testing procedures to ensure that they are cost effective and appropriate for current test objectives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for reducing the length of evaluation from 140 d to either 112 or 84 d. Data evaluated were postweaning feedlot performance test records (collected from 1977 to 1986) on 1,830 individually fed bulls. Bulls representing 13 breeds (n > 25 per breed) were evaluated in the University of Arkansas Cooperative Bull Tests at Fayetteville, Hope, and Monticello, Arkansas. Models were fit for ADG, daily feed intake (FI) and feed conversion (FCONV) from d 1 to d 140 (ADG1-140, FI1-140 and FCONV1-140, respectively) and from d 1 to d 112 (ADG1-112, FI1-112 and FCONV1-112, respectively). Models fit for ADG1-140, FI1-140, and FCONV1-140 using information up to d 112 had R2 of .90, .99, .88, and .94, respectively, and using information up to d 84 had R2 of .82, .94, and .80, respectively. Spearman rank correlation coefficients (all P < .0001) were .93 for ADG1-140 and ADG1-112, .93 for ADG1-112 and ADG1-84, .99 for FI1-140 and FI1-112, .91 for FCONV1-140 and FCONV1-112, and .90 for FCONV1-112 and FCONV1-84. These coefficients indicate that bulls ranked similarly for performance traits at 84, 112, and 140 d. If the primary objective of central station testing is to evaluate ADG during the linear phase of growth, and if testing procedures are those currently recommended by the Beef Improvement Federation, then feeding bulls beyond 112 d has no advantage because the information upon which selection decisions are made is similar at both 112 and 140 d. 126 NAL Call. No.: TX373.M4 The effects of castration, preslaughter stress and zeranol implants on beef. 1. The texture of loin steaks from bovine males. Jeremiah, L.E.; Newman, J.A.; Tong, A.K.W.; Gibson, L.L. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1988. Meat science v. 22 (2): p. 83-101; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Bovidae; Male animals; Castration; Zeranol; Transport; Stress; Steaks; Texture 127 NAL Call. No.: TX373.M4 The effects of castration, preslaughter stress and zeranol implants on beef. 2. Cooking properties and flavor of loin steaks from bovine males. Jeremiah, L.E.; Newman, J.A.; Tong, A.K.W.; Gibson, L.L. Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1988. Meat science v. 22 (2): p. 103-121; 1988. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Bovidae; Male animals; Castration; Zeranol; Transport; Stress; Steaks; Cooking; Flavors 128 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Effects of dietary energy source and creep feeding on calf performance after feedlot arrival. Loerch, S.C.; Fluharty, F.L. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1992 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (92-1): p. 53-56; 1992 Mar. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Calves; Feedlots; Creep feeding; Fattening performance; Growth; Silage; Postweaning interval 129 NAL Call. No.: KF27.S638 1988d Effects of drought on agribusiness and rural economy hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Agriculture of the Committee on Small Business, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, Washington, DC, July 13, 1988. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Energy and Agriculture Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1988; Y 4.Sm 1:100-55. iii, 93 p. : ill., 1 map ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Serial no. 100-55. Language: English; English Descriptors: Droughts; Economic aspects; United States; Livestock; United States; Effect of drought on; Plants, Effect of drought on; United States 130 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Effects of energy level and protein source on performance and rumen function of newly arrived feedlot steers. Fluharty, F.L.; Loerch, S.C. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1990 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (90-2): p. 109-123; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Protein sources; Rumen digestion; Fattening performance; Growth; Energy; Soybeans; Maize; Blood meal; Silage 131 NAL Call. No.: 49.9 AU72 The effects of fasting and cold stress on dark-cutting and bruising in cattle. Warner, R.D.; Eldridge, G.A.; Barnett, J.L.; Halpin, C.G.; Cahill, D.J. Sydney : Pergamon Press; 1986. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production v. 16: p. 383-386; 1986. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Fasting; Cold stress; Meat quality; Bruising; Ph; Color 132 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Effects of fat level, protein level and protein source on performance of newly arrived feedlot steers. Fluharty, F.L.; Loerch, S.C. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1991 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (91-2): p. 1-11; 1991 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Protein sources; Protein uptake; Fat absorption; Blood meal; Soybeans; Urea; Fattening performance; Growth 133 NAL Call. No.: SF191.F5 Effects of feedlot environment, implants and vitamin A on the performance of crossbred steers fed during the summer. Baker, F.S. Jr; Kunkle, W.E.; Palmer, A.Z.; Wakeman, D.L. Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1988. Florida beef cattle research report - Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida. p. 129-137; 1988. Includes statistical data. Language: English Descriptors: Florida; Steers; Cattle fattening; Cattle feedlot soils; Concrete; Shading; Pens; Implantation; Weight gain; Feed conversion efficiency; Carcass quality; Summer; Dressing percentage 134 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Effects of FermWay on feedlot cattle performance. Loerch, S.C. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1991 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (91-2): p. 12-17; 1991 Mar. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Biofermal; Fattening performance; Growth; Silage; Maize 135 NAL Call. No.: TP368.I7 The effects of handling, transport, slaughter and chilling on meat quality and yield in pigs--a review. Tarrant, P.V. Dublin : Teagasc; 1989. Irish journal of food science and technology v. 13 (2): p. 79-107; 1989. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ireland; Pigs; Handling; Transport; Slaughter; Chilling; Meat yield; Food quality 136 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The effects of long-term individual vs. group housing on the sexual behavior of beef bulls. Price, E.O.; Wallach, S.J.R.; Silver, G.V. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Oct. Applied animal behaviour science v. 27 (4): p. 277-285; 1990 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef bulls; Cattle housing; Groups; Sexual behavior; Reproductive performance 137 NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6 Effects of lonophore management programs on performance of feedlot cattle. Malcolm, K.J.; Branine, M.E.; Galyean, M.L. Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing Company; 1992 Jul. Agri-Practice v. 13 (7): p. 7-8, 12-14, 16; 1992 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: New Mexico; Beef cattle; Ionophores; Feedlots; Fattening performance; Rotation 138 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of nutrient deficiencies and excesses on reproductive efficiency of livestock. Dunn, T.G.; Moss, G.E. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992 May. Journal of animal science v. 70 (5): p. 1580-1593; 1992 May. Literature review. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Sheep; Grazing; Retinol; Protein intake; Nutrition; Estrous cycle; Reproductive efficiency; Lh; Plane of nutrition; Gnrh; Literature reviews Abstract: Successful reproduction is dependent on a host of macro- and micronutrients and ceases well before an animal expires from deficiency of a particular nutrient. This review focuses on the functional roles phosphorus, vitamin A and beta-carotene, protein, and energy play in reproductive processes. Although it is not known whether deficiencies of these nutrients limit reproduction through common or discrete mechanisms, appropriate quantities of these nutrients are required for optimal reproduction. Mechanisms through which nutritional status is perceived by the hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal axis remain unclear but seem to impinge on hypothalamic regions that selectively regulate production and release of pituitary trophic hormones. Body condition, or degree of fatness, seems to be the most reliable indicator of well-being of an animal, and when coupled with changes in BW, provides a useful method to assess reproductive potential. 139 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of placing cattle on feed at two-month intervals and housing on feedlot performance and carcass grades. Pusillo, G.M.; Hoffman, M.P.; Self, H.L. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 69 (2): p. 443-450; 1991 Feb. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Feedlots; Cattle housing; Seasonal variation; Feed intake; Liveweight gain; Feed conversion efficiency; Carcass yield; Carcass quality Abstract: A 5-yr study was conducted involving the placement of yearling steers on feed at 2-mo intervals under three different housing systems. A total of 3,571 steers (180 pens) initially average 318 kg was used. Evaluations were made for DM intake ADG, feed efficiency (FE), carcass quality (QG), and yield grades (YG). Cattle were assigned to either an open lot with overhead shelter (S), an open lot without overhead shelter (NS), or an open-front confinement building (C). Each treatment consisted of two lots of 20 steers each per interval per trial. Corn grain provided 85% of the energy; the remainder was supplied by corn silage arid protein supplement. Cattle were fed 140 to 180 d to achieve an average slaughter weight of 500 kg. The main effects of year (Y), month (M), and housing (H) affected DM intake, ADG, FE, and final live weight (P <.01). The interactions for Y X M, M X H and Y X M X H affected ADG (P <.05). Month and H affected hot carcass weight (P < .01). Year affected YG, and year and month affected QG (P < .01). Month effects on DM intake and ADG indicated that cattle started in May had the highest intake and ADG (P < .05) and that cattle started in November had the lowest (P < .05) DMI and ADG. Month effects on FE indicated that cattle were most efficient when placed on feed during March, May, and July (5.82, 5.72, and 5.66 kg DM/kg gain; P < .05). Housing effects indicated that S cattle had the highest DM intake, ADG, and FE (7.79, 1.29, and 6.15 kg; P < .05) and that C had the lowest DM intake and ADG (6.97 and 1.09 kg; P < .05). Body composition, as determined by YG and QG, was relatively unaffected by the season or housing. These results indicate that starting time on feed and housing system significantly influenced cattle feedlot performance without influencing body composition. 140 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of preconditioning on performance of beef calves before and after entering the feedlot. Peterson, E.B.; Strohbehn, D.R.; Ladd, G.W.; Willham, R.L. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1989 Jul. Journal of animal science v. 67 (7): p. 1678-1686; 1989 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Calves; Creep feeding; Castration; Polling; Vaccination 141 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of preconditioning on pre- and post-shipment performance of feeder calves. Pritchard, R.H.; Mendez, J.K. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1990 Jan. Journal of animal science v. 68 (1): p. 28-34; 1990 Jan. This record corrects ID No. 90013323 which was incorrectly entered as issue 19. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Adaptation; Conditioning; Transport of animals; Feedlots; Weight losses; Fattening performance; Beef production 142 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Effects of protein level and protein source on performance of newly arrived feedlot steers. Fluharty, F.L.; Loerch, S.C. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1992 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (92-1): p. 57-73; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Calves; Feedlots; Protein sources; Fattening performance; Growth; Nutrient requirements; Crude protein; Soybeans; Blood meal; Postweaning interval; Urea 143 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin and dietary energy intake on growth, secretion of luteinizing hormone, follicular development, and onset of puberty in beef heifers. Hall, J.B.; Schillo, K.K.; Fitzgerald, B.P.; Bradley, N.W. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1994 Mar. Journal of animal science v. 72 (3): p. 709-717; 1994 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Heifers; Somatotropin; Energy intake; Lh; Hormone secretion; Age; Puberty; Follicles; Body weight; Liveweight gain; Height; Blood plasma; Insulin; Blood sugar; Urea Abstract: The effects of dietary energy and recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) on pattern of LH release, follicular development, and onset of puberty were studied in 40 Angus heifers. At 7 mo of age, heifers were assigned to a 2 X 2 factorial experiment; the main effects were dietary energy (high [HDE]: 14.15 Mcal of ME/d or moderate [MDE]: 10.84 Mcal of ME/d) and somatotropin (bST; 350 mg every 2 wk or vehicle). Beginning at 9 mo of age, heifers were observed twice daily for estrous activity. From 10.5 to 12 mo of age, five heifers from each treatment group were selected for weekly ultrasound examination of ovarian structures and biweekly sequential blood sampling to determine concentrations of LH. Somatotropin treatment altered intermediary metabolism in a manner consistent with enhanced accretion of lean tissue and decreased deposition of fat. The HDE heifers were younger (P < .001) at puberty than the MDE heifers, but BW at puberty was not different among treatment groups. Age and body weight at puberty were not affected by bST. Frequency of LH pulses increased within the 10.5 to 12 mo of age sampling window in HDE-treated heifers but not in MDE heifers (dietary energy X month of age; P < .02). Secretion of LH was unaffected by bST. Ovaries of bST-treated heifers tended (P < .09) to have fewer follicles > 5 mm in diameter than those of vehicle-treated heifers. We conclude that chronic treatment with bST did not alter age at puberty or pattern of LH release in heifers and that even modest differences in energy intake influence the timing of the prepubertal increase in pulsatile LH release. 144 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Effects of restricting intake of high energy diets on the performance of feedlot cattle. Loerch, S.C. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1990 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (90-2): p. 98-108; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Concentrates; Monensin; Feed supplements; Protein sources; Fattening performance; Growth 145 NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442 Effects of roughage level and timing of roughage inclusion on performance of feedlot cattle. Loerch, S.C.; Fluharty, F.L. Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; 1992 Mar. Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (92-1): p. 36-44; 1992 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Feedlots; Roughage; Fattening performance; Maize; Silage 146 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A Effects of shipping, handling, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and epinephrine on alpha-tocopherol content of bovine blood. Sconberg, S.; Nockels, C.F.; Bennett, B.W.; Bruynickx, W.; Blancquaert, A.M.B.; Craig, A.M. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association; 1993 Aug. American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (8): p. 1287-1293; 1993 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Alpha-tocopherol; Stress; Transport of animals; Handling; Corticotropin; Epinephrine; Blood plasma; Erythrocytes; Neutrophils; Creatine kinase; Enzyme activity; Blood sampling Abstract: In 2 studies, plasma, erythrocyte, and neutrophil alpha-tocopherol concentrations were monitored in beef cattle after shipping, handling, and sample collection. On the basis of alpha-tocopherol results, an additional 2 studies were designed to measure the effects of administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and epinephrine on the alpha-tocopherol concentration in the aforementioned blood constituents and on creatine kinase (CK) activity in Holstein calves. In the first of these studies, 15 beef cattle that had recently arrived at the feedlot consumed feed supplemented daily with 1,000 IU of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. Values for initial blood samples indicated that CK activity was high. Although plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration indicated that vitamin supplementation was adequate, RBC and neutrophil alpha-tocopherol values were generallynondetectable. After 4 weeks of supplementation, plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration increased (P < 0.05), and neutrophil and RBC alpha-tocopherol values became measurable in most of the cattle. In the second study, 6 beef heifers had decreased (P < 0.05) plasma, RBC, and neutrophil alpha-tocopherol values after multiple periods of handling and blood sample collection. In the third and fourth studies, 10 tamed Holstein heifer calves, 5 of which were administered ACTH and epinephrine to simulate stress effects on blood alpha- tocopherol concentrations and CK activity. In study 3, the vitamin E-adequate heifers had increased blood CK (P < 0.001) activity and cortisol (P < 0.01) concentration, and decreased (P < 0.05) neutrophil alpha-tocopherol concentration after hormone injections. In study 4, when vitamin E-deficient calves received the aforementioned hormones, CK activity increased (P < 0.05) and RBC alpha-tocopherol concentration decreased (P < 0.05), whereas plasma and neutrophil values did not change. These results indicate that shipping and handling, or the stress paradigm of ACTH and epinephrine injections, may reduce the alpha-tocopherol content of plasma, RBC, and neutrophils while increasing plasma CK activity, which indicates membrane destruction. 147 NAL Call. No.: SF779.5.A1B6 Effects of slatted flooring on claw shape in intensively housed fattening beef cattle. Murphy, P.A.; Hannan, J. Stillwater, Okla. : American Association of Bovine Practitioners; 1987 Nov. The Bovine practitioner (22): p. 133-135. ill; 1987 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Cattle fattening; Slatted floors; Intensive livestock farming; Cattle housing; Hoof and claw diseases; Lameness; Abrasion 148 NAL Call. No.: SB599.J69 Effects of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) and heat stress on weight gain and feed conversion of feeder cattle. Campbell, J.B.; Catangui, M.A.; Thomas, G.D.; Boxler, D.J.; Davis, R. Clemson, SC : South Carolina Entomological Society, c1984-; 1993 Jul. Journal of agricultural entomology v. 10 (3): p. 155-161; 1993 Jul. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Stomoxys calcitrans; Heat stress; Weight gain; Feed conversion 149 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822 Effects of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) and heat stress on weight gain and feed efficiency of feeder cattle. Wieman, G.A.; Campbell, J.B.; Deshazer, J.A.; Berry, I.L. Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Oct. Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (5): p. 1835-1842; 1992 Oct. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Nebraska; Cattle breeds; Crossbreds; Stomoxys calcitrans; Adverse effects; Bites; Crowding; Heat stress; Liveweight gain; Pens; Screens Abstract: Cattle respond to the feeding of stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), by bunching to protect their front legs. This bunching can increase heat stress which indirectly accounts for much of the reduction in cattle weight gains. We used fly-screened, self-contained feedlot pens which allowed regulation of fly populations feeding on cattle. The indirect fly effects (bunching and heat stress) accounted for 71.5% of the reduced weight gain. The direct effect of the biting flies and energy loss involved in fighting flies accounted for 28.5% of the reduced weight gain. 150 NAL Call. No.: 389.79 M76 Effects of stress and organic probiotics on the performance of weaned beef calves. Ansotegui, R.; Clark, C.; Wiley, S.; Gray, D. Bozeman, Mont. : Animal and Range Science Dept. and Montana Cooperative Extension Service, Montana State University, Bozeman, in cooperation with the Montana Feed Association,; 1992. Proceedings of the ... Montana Livestock Nutrition Conference (45): p. 10.1-10.4.; 1992. Meeting held January 30-31, 1992, Bozeman, Montana. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Montana; Cabt; Calves; Liveweight gain; Rumen bacteria; Stress; Cost benefit analysis; Transport 151 NAL Call. No.: SF961.A5 The effects of stress on the immunology of the stocker calf. Von Tungeln, D.L. Stillwater, Okla. : The Association; 1985, reprinted 1986. Proceedings ... annual convention - American Association of Bovine Practitioners 1986). (18th): p. 109-112; 1985, reprinted 1986. Includes 18 references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Calves; Stress; Immunology; Environment; Transport; Hematology; Metabolism; Cortisol; Glucocorticoids 152 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of synthetic hormone implants, singularly or in combinations, on performance, carcass traits, and longissimus muscle palatability of Holstein steers. Apple, J.K.; Dikeman, M.E.; Simms, D.D.; Kuhl, G. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991 Nov. Journal of animal science v. 69 (11): p. 4437-4448; 1991 Nov. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Steers; Synthetic hormones; Feed conversion; Performance; Controlled release; Feed intake; Carcass yield; Muscles; Skinning; Beef; Shear strength; Tenderness; Sensory evaluation Abstract: Seventy-two Holstein steers averaging 182 kg were assigned randomly to one of six treatment groups: 1) nonimplanted controls (C); 2) implanted with 36 mg of zeranol (Z); 3) implanted with 20 mg of estradiol benzoate and 200 mg of progesterone (EP); 4) implanted with 140 mg of trenbolone acetate (TBA); 5) implanted with 140 mg of trenbolone acetate plus 20 mg of estradiol benzoate and 200 mg of progesterone (TBA + EP); and 6) implanted with 140 mg of trenbolone acetate plus 36 mg of zeranol (TBA + Z). Each treatment group consisted of three replications of four animals per pen, which were implanted on d 0, 56, 112, and 168. Masculinity and muscling scores were assigned at 24 h preslaughter. Hide removal difficulty was scored by a plant supervisor. Quality and yield grade data were obtained at 24 h postmortem. Longissimus muscle (LM) steaks were removed and cooked for Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) determinations and sensory panel (SP) evaluations. Over the entire feeding period (249 d), TBA + EP steers had higher (P < .05) ADG than TBA + Z, TBA, and C steers. All treatments had higher (P < .05) ADG than C, with the exception of TBA. The only feed efficiency differences were those following the 168-d implant time, when TBA steers were more (P < .05) efficient than TBA + Z or C steers. The TBA + EP and TBA + Z steers were more (P < .05) masculine and their hides were more (P < .05) difficult to remove than those of EP and C steers. Carcass weights of TBA + EP steers were heavier (P < .05) than those of TBA or C steers. The TBA + EP steers had larger (P < .05) LM areas than Z, TBA, and C steers. Also, TBA + EP steers tended (P = .07) to have lower numerical yield grades than EP, Z, or C steers. Even though mean marbling scores and quality grades were similar (P > .05) among treatment groups, only 50% of TBA + EP carcasses graded low Choice or higher, compared with 100, 75, 82, 90, and 83% for C, TBA, Z, EP, and TBA + Z carcasses, respectively. The only meat palatability 153 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 The effects of the stress of weaning and transit on performance and metabolic profile of beef calves of different genotypes. Phillips, W.A.; Juniewicz, P.E.; Zavy, M.T.; Von Tungeln, D.L. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1987 Dec. Canadian journal of animal science v. 67 (4): p. 991-999; 1987 Dec. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Calves; Genotypes; Weaning; Stress; Transport of animals; Body weight; Metabolism 154 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3) Effects of Tilmicosin or Ceftiofur on health and performance of shipping stressed stocker cattle. Smith, R.A.; Van Koevering, M.T.; Gill, D.R.; Ball, R.L. Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1991 Jun. Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University (134): p. 152-155; 1991 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Cattle; Transport; Respiratory diseases; Drug effects 155 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163 Effects of transport and electrolyte supplementation on ion concentrations, carcass yield and quality in bulls. Schaefer, A.L.; Jones, S.D.M.; Tong, A.K.W.; Young, B.A. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1990 Mar. Canadian journal of animal science v. 70 (1): p. 107-119; 1990 Mar. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef bulls; Electrolytes retention; Electrolytes; Ions; Supplementary feeding; Transport of animals; Stress; Beef quality; Carcass yield 156 NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6 The effects of twinning and maternal experience on maternal- filial social relationships in confined beef cattle. Price, E.O.; Smith, V.M.; Thos, J.; Anderson, G.B. Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1986 May. Applied animal behaviour science v. 15 (2): p. 137-146; 1986 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cattle; Hereford; Calves; Dams (mothers); Maternal behavior; Twins; Attachment behavior; Milk production 157 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 The effects of two shipping treatments on the carcass characteristics of bulls implanted with zeranol and unimplanted steers. Jones, S.D.M.; Newman, J.A.; Tong, A.K.W.; Martin, A.H.; Robertson, W.M. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1986 Jun. Journal of animal science v. 62 (6): p. 1602-1608; 1986 Jun. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Bulls; Steers; Zeranol; Implantation; Carcass composition; Transport of animals; Stress; Carcass quality 158 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Effects of zeranol implantation and late castration on sexual, agonistic and handling behavior in male feedlot cattle. Baker, A.M.; Gonyou, H.W. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1986 May. Journal of animal science v. 62 (5): p. 1224-1232; 1986 May. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef bulls; Zeranol; Implantation; Castration; Agonistic behavior; Sexual behavior 159 NAL Call. No.: 18 D4825T Nr.241 1986 Effektive Bewirtschaftung von Stallen und Anlagen der Milch- und Rinderproduktion unter besonderer Beachtung der Nutzung der Mikroelektronik und verbesserter Verfahren der Produktionskontrolle Vortrage einer wissenschaftlichen Tagung, veranstaltet vom Institut fur Rinderproduktion Iden-Rohrbeck aus Anlass des 65. Geburtstages seines Direktors Professor Dr. sc. Hans Kleiber, vom 18. bis 20. September 1985 in Iden [Effective management of barns and milk and cattle production installations with particular attention to the use of microelectronics and improved production control methods]., 1. Aufl.. Kleiber, Hans, Institut fur Rinderproduktion Iden-Rohrbeck (Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der DDR) Berlin : Die Akademie,; 1986. 144 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. (Tagungsbericht / Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik ; Nr. 241). Cover title. Summaries in English, German, and Russian. Includes bibliographies. Language: German Descriptors: Kleiber, Hans 1920-; Cattle; Congresses; Cattle; Housing; Environmental engineering; Congresses; Dairying; Technological innovations; Congresses; Beef industry; Technological innovations; Congresses 160 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.E547 Electricity used in farmstead operations. McFate, K.L. Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1989. Energy in world agriculture v. 3: p. 121-142; 1989. In the series analytic: Energy in World Agriculture / edited by K.L. McFate. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Farming; Electricity; Electrical energy; Electric heaters; Milking; Dairy equipment; Ventilation; Fans; Fodder crops; Handling; Heating; Cooling; Dairy farming; Beef cattle; Pig farming; Poultry farming; Brood care; Grain drying; Vegetables; Storage 161 NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535 Environmental factors and calving management practices that affect neonatal mortality in the beef calf. Townsend, H.G.G. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1994 Mar. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice v. 10 (1): p. 119-126; 1994 Mar. In the series analytic: Perinatal mortality in beef herds / edited by T.R. Kasari and S.E. Wikse. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Newborn animals; Perinatal mortality; Etiology; Environmental factors; Cattle husbandry; Calving season; Timing; Herd structure; Cattle housing; Prevention; Disease control 162 NAL Call. No.: 58.9 IN7 The environmental requirements of livestock. Bruce, J.M. Silsoe : Institution of Agricultural Engineers; 1987. The Agricultural engineer v. 42 (4): p. 137-140; 1987. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Livestock housing; Environmental factors; Space requirements; Animal welfare 163 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Estimation of the water requirement for beef production in the United States. Beckett, J.L.; Oltjen, J.W. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1993 Apr. Journal of animal science v. 71 (4): p. 818-826; 1993 Apr. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: U.S.A.; Beef cattle; Beef production; Water use; Irrigated pastures; Water policy; Water intake; Feeds; Water requirements Abstract: A static model of developed water use for U.S. cattle production was constructed on a spreadsheet. Water use included that consumed directly by various classes of animals, water applied for irrigation of crops that are consumed by the cattle, water applied to irrigated pasture, and water used to process animals at marketing. Government statistics were consulted for numbers of cattle and crop production. The most recent statistics available for numbers of cattle and crops in individual states were used. On January 1, 1992, a total of 33.8 million beef cows and 5.7 million replacement heifers were in U.S. breeding herds, 12 million animals were on feed, and approximately 28 million animals were fed annually. Thus, the U.S. beef cattle herd produced 6.9 billion kg of boneless beef. Beef cattle directly consumed 760 billion L of water per year. Feedlot cattle were fed various grain and roughage sources corresponding to the regions in which they were fed. Feeds produced in a state were preferentially used by cattle in that state with that state's efficiency; any additional feedstuffs required used water at the national efficiency. Irrigation of crop feedstuffs for beef cattle required 12,991 billion L of water. Irrigated pasture for beef cattle production required an additional 11,243 billion L of water. Carcass processing required 79 billion L of water. The model estimates 3,682 L of developed water per kilogram of boneless meat for beef cattle production in the United States. The model was most sensitive to the dressing percentage and percentage of boneless yield in carcasses of feedlot cattle (62 and 66.7, respectively). A 10% change in either of these parameters resulted in a corresponding 8.6% change in the water required for beef production. A 10% increase in the number of animals on feed resulted in a decrease in the amount of water per kilogram of boneless beef by 5.2%. Changes in irrigated pasture management would also be an effective means of decreasing the w 164 NAL Call. No.: 49 J82 Estrous behavior in confined beef cows. Hurnik, J.F.; King, G.J. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1987 Aug. Journal of animal science v. 65 (2): p. 431-438; 1987 Aug. Includes references. Language: English Descriptors: Beef cows; Estrous behavior; Estrus; Progesterone; Blood 165 NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3 Euthanasia and slaughter of livestock. Grandin, T. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1994 May01. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 209 (9): p. 1354-1360; 1994 May01. Includes refe