AWIC

Housing, Husbandry, and Welfare of Beef Cattle

Animal Welfare Information Center
United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library

ISSN: 1052-5378

Quick Bibliography Series, QB 95-16
January 1985 - March 1995

389 citations from AGRICOLA
March 1995

Updated by: Information Resources on Beef Cattle Housing, Care and Welfare

Compiled By:
D'Anna J.B. Jensen
Animal Welfare Information Center, Information Centers Branch
National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture
10301 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351
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National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:

 Jensen, D'Anna J.B.
   Housing, husbandry, and welfare of beef cattle.
   (Quick bibliography series ; 95-16)
   1. Beef cattle--Bibliography. I. Title.
 aZ5071.N3 no.95-16
 

Search Strategy

 Set    Description
 
 S1     (BEEF OR FEEDER(W)CATTLE OR STOCK?(W)CATTLE OR
        LIVESTOCK) AND (BOVINE OR BOS OR COW?? OR BULL?? OR
        STEER?? OR HEIFER? OR CALF OR CALVE?? OR CATTLE OR
        HERD?? OR PRODUCTION)
 S2     S1 AND SH=(L100 OR L300 OR N100)
 S3     S2 AND (HOUS? OR FACILIT? OR STRUCT? OR PEN?? OR
        STALL?? OR CONFINE? OR STANCHION?? OR FREE(W)STALL?? OR
        PARLOR?? OR FEEDLOT??)
 S4     S1 AND STRESS?
 S5     S4 NOT SH=L500
 S6     S1 AND (WELFARE OR WELL(W)BEING OR HUMANE OR HANDL? OR
        CARE)
 S7     (S3+S5+S6)
 S8     S7 AND PY=1985:1995
 S9     RD (unique items)
 

 1                                    NAL Call. No.: 107.6 H682
 Development of experimental methods for air environment in
 livestock buildings. I. Filtration method for measuring
 bacterial aerosol concentration Hoshiba, S.; Tanaka, T.;
 Dohkoshi, J.
 Sapporo : Hokkaido Daigaku Nogaku-bu; 1985.
 Hokkaido Daigaku Nogaku-bu hobun kiyo; Memoirs of the Faculty
 of Agriculture, Hokkaido University v. 14 (4): p. 370-375.
 ill; 1985.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  Japanese
 
 Descriptors: Barns; Air spora; Bacteria; Filtration
 
 
 2                                   NAL Call. No.: 290.9 Am32P
 1990's technology for 1970's poultry and livestock buildings.
 Tucker, T.A.; Latz, G.I. II
 St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
 Engineers,; 1991. Paper / (913020): 11 p.; 1991.  Paper
 presented at the "1991 International Summer Meeting sponsored
 by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," June
 23-26, 1991, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animal housing; Poultry housing; Environment;
 Lighting; Water; Feeding; Egg collectors
 
 
 3                                      NAL Call. No.: SF51.F69
 Agricide the hidden crisis that affects us all.
 Fox, Michael W.,
 New York : Schocken Books,; 1986.
 xv, 194 p. [10] p. of plates : ill. ; 21 cm.  Includes index. 
 Bibliography: p. 185-189.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Livestock; United States; Animal industry; United
 States; Livestock factories; United States; Animals, Treatment
 of; United States; Agriculture; United States; Agricultural
 industries; United States; Agricultural ecology; United
 States; Agricultural pollution; United States; Food industry
 and trade; United States; Diet; United States; Animal welfare
 
 
 4                                      NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6
 Agricultural engineering.
 Schwarm, M.A.
 Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing
 Company; 1992 Nov. Agri-Practice v. 13 (10): p. 25-27; 1992
 Nov.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Kansas; Beef cattle; Farm buildings;
 Shelterbelts; Animal housing; Fencing
 
 
 5                                      NAL Call. No.: 101 M144
 Agricultural structures in the future.
 Barrington, S.
 Anne de Bellevue, Quebec : Macdonald Ext. Serv., Faculty of
 Agric, Macdonald Campus of McGill Univ; 1986 Nov.
 Macdonald journal v. 47 (4): p. 35; 1986 Nov.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Livestock; Livestock housing; Environment; Stress
 
 
 6                         NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1131
 Animal agriculture myths & facts..  Animal agriculture, myths
 and facts Animal agriculture, myths & facts
 Animal Industry Foundation
 Arlington, Va. The Foundation,; 1990.
 1 videocassette (18 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1 pamphlet.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animal industry; Farmers; Livestock; Animal
 welfare
 
 Abstract:  Features farmers showing cow/calf and feedlot
 cattle production, as well as turkey, hog, veal and egg
 production.
 
 
 7                                   NAL Call. No.: TD224.I6W37
 Animal agriculture's effect on water quality: pastures and
 feedlots. Sutton, A.L.
 West Lafayette, Ind. : School of Agriculture; 1990 Jul.
 Water quality (7): 3 p.; 1990 Jul.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Indiana; Animal wastes; Water quality; Livestock
 farming; Feedlots; Water pollution; Agricultural law
 
 
 8                                      NAL Call. No.: SF207.B4
 Animal behavior and welfare--the challenge to intensive
 production. Williams, C.M.
 Bryan, Tex. : Lang Printing; 1988.
 Beef cattle science handbook v. 22: p. 61-64; 1988.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Intensive livestock farming; Animal behavior;
 Animal welfare; Public relations; Code of practice
 
 
 9                                      NAL Call. No.: TP368.I7
 Animal behaviour and environment in the dark-cutting condition
 in beef--a review.
 Tarrant, P.V.
 Dublin : An Foras Taluntais; 1989.
 Irish journal of food science and technology v. 13 (1): p.
 1-21; 1989. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Animal behavior; Environment;
 Slaughter; Muscle tissue; Ph; Glycogen; Food quality
 
 Abstract:  Dark cutting or high-pH meat is a persistent
 quality defect found in all meat species. Caused by a lack of
 normal acidification of meat during rigor development, dark-
 cutting is a direct consequence of low muscle glycogen at
 slaughter. Glycogen breakdown in muscle may be rapidly
 triggered by increased circulating adrenaline or by strenuous
 muscular activity. In addition, glycogen is slowly depleted
 during starvation. Any behaviour and environmetal
 circumstances that trigger one or more of these glycogen
 breakdown mechanisms will cause dark-cutting if the stress is
 allowed to persist for sufficient time. Mounting activity is
 the behaviour most closely associated with muscle glycogen
 depletion and dark-cutting in beef. This behaviour is
 stimulated by social regrouping, as in mixed penning of young
 bulls, and also by oestrus in groups of females. Lairage
 modifications aimed at reducing mounting activity during the
 preslaughter period have been successful. Short-haul road
 transport is not associated with dark-cutting in beef but
 there is evidence that some lambs may be affected, even by
 relatively short journeys. Long-haul road transport resulted
 in small increases in beef final pH and these may be reversed
 by resting and feeding before slaughter. Fasting did not cause
 dark-cutting in beef or lamb; however, it lowered muscle
 glycogen reserves, thus rendering an animal more susceptible
 to dark-cutting from additional sources of stress. Fasting
 also inhibited muscle glycogen resynthesis during recovery
 after stress. There is a good theoretical basis, although
 little experimental evidence, to link cold exposure with dark-
 cutting meat. The use of beta-agonists as growth promoters may
 increase the incidence of dark-cutting meat unless a
 sufficient withdrawal period before slaughter is observed.
 Rates of glycogen resynthesis are slower in ruminants than in
 monogastrics, probably due to the lower availability of
 glucose in ruminants. Although drug interventions were
 unsucces
 
 
 10                                    NAL Call. No.: SF55.C2A5
 Animal care livestock and poultry on today's farm.
 Kolkman, John
 Edmonton, Alberta : Christian Farmers, Federation of Alberta,;
 1987. 23 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.  Cover title.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Livestock; Poultry
 
 
 11                                   NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535
 Animal handling.
 Grandin, T.
 Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1987 Jul.
 The Veterinary clinic of North America : food animal practice
 v. 3 (2): p. 323-338. ill; 1987 Jul.  In the series analytic:
 Farm animal behavior / edited by E.O. Price.  Literature
 review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Livestock; Handling; Stress; Movements;
 Facilities; Animal behavior
 
 
 12                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V6456
 Animal housing as perceived by the animal.
 Webster, A.J.F.
 London : Wright; 1989.
 The Veterinary annual (29): p. 1-8; 1989.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Livestock; Animal housing; Perception; Animal
 welfare; Litter; Animal diseases; Hygiene; Stress;
 Psychological needs
 
 
 13                                  NAL Call. No.: S494.5.E547
 Animal housing: solar application.
 DeShazer, J.A.; Bodman, G.R.
 Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1991.
 Energy in world agriculture v. 4: p. 233-253; 1991.  In the
 series analytic: Energy in World Agriculture / edited by B.F.
 Parker.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animal housing; Solar heating; Solar energy;
 Heating systems; Livestock; Ventilation; Solar collectors
 
 
 14                                     NAL Call. No.: SF191.F5
 Animal performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers
 finished without backgrounding versus backgrounding prior to
 finishing.
 Bertrand, J.E.; Johnson, D.D.
 Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1988.
 Florida beef cattle research report - Florida Cooperative
 Extension Service, University of Florida. p. 144-150; 1988.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Florida; Brahman; Crossbreds; Steers; Nutrition;
 Pasture management; Feedlots; Winter; Carcass quality;
 Dressing percentage
 
 
 15                                    NAL Call. No.: 100 SO82S
 Animal stress research tied to 'making a living'.
 Thomson, J.; Parsons, J.; Males, J.
 Brookings, S.D. : The Station; 1992.
 South Dakota farm & home research - South Dakota, Agricultural
 Experiment Station v. 43 (3): p. 5-7; 1992.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: South Dakota; Livestock farming; Stress factors;
 Environmental factors; Animal diseases; Disease control;
 Agricultural research
 
 
 16                                      NAL Call. No.: S1.A375
 Animal welfare.
 Elliot, J.I.
 Ottawa : Agrican Publishers, Inc; 1986.
 Agrologist v. 15 (2): p. 10-11. ill; 1986.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Canada; Animal welfare; Intensive livestock
 farming; Animal husbandry; Livestock sector; Philosophy
 
 
 17                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 N483
 Animal welfare considerations--pastoral animals.
 Kilgour, R.
 Wellington : New Zealand Veterinary Association; 1985 Apr. New
 Zealand veterinary journal v. 33 (4): p. 54-57; 1985 Apr. 
 Literature review.  Includes 34 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: New Zealand; Animal welfare; Pastoralism;
 Livestock farming
 
 
 18                                     NAL Call. No.: 50.9 R24
 Animal welfare--how to respond.
 Conklin, D.H.; Kauffman, R.G.; Calkins, C.R.
 Chicago, Ill. : National Live Stock and Meat Board; 1990.
 Proceedings - Annual Reciprocal Meat Conference of the
 American Meat Science Association (43rd): p. 21-30; 1990. 
 Meeting held on June 10-13, 1990, Mississippi State, MS.
 Includes discussion, p. 22-30.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animal welfare; Beef production; Veal calves
 
 
 19                                    NAL Call. No.: 58.8 AG83
 Animal-tending controls fine tune environmental conditions.
 St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
 Engineers; 1988 Nov. Agricultural engineering v. 69 (7): p.
 6-9. ill; 1988 Nov.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Environmental control; Equipment; Livestock;
 Animal housing; Ventilation; Temperature; Humidity;
 Evaporative cooling
 
 
 20                                    NAL Call. No.: 281.8 C16
 The application of multivariate stochastic dominance criteria
 to agricultural economic problems.
 Jeffrey, S.R.; Eidman, V.R.
 Ottawa : Canadian Agricultural Economics and Farm Management
 Society; 1991 Jul.
 Canadian journal of agricultural economics; Revue Canadienne
 d'economie rurale v. 39 (2): p. 193-209; 1991 Jul.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Minnesota; Dairy farming; Structural change;
 Risk; Multivariate analysis; Stochastic processes; Livestock
 numbers; Crop mixtures; Land use; Simulation models
 
 
 21                                   NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535
 Arthropod-induced stress in livestock.
 Campbell, J.B.
 Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1988 Nov.
 The Veterinary clinic of North America : food animal practice
 v. 4 (3): p. 551-555; 1988 Nov.  In the series analytic:
 Stress and disease in cattle / edited by J.L. Howard. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Sheep; Cattle; Stress; Arthropod pests; Diptera
 
 
 22                                     NAL Call. No.: SF191.K4
 Artificial inseminationfor the beef herd.
 Nichols, C.; Absher, C.; Miksch, D.; Heersche, G.; Gay, N.
 Lexington, Ky., The Service; 1986 Sep.
 ASC - University of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service
 v.): 5 p. ill; 1986 Sep.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Artificial insemination; Estrus;
 Synchronization; Semen; Handling; Costs; Returns
 
 
 23                                  NAL Call. No.: SF55.A785L9
 ASEAN Food Handling Project by D.J. Lyons..  Handling of
 livestock and livestock products in ASEAN 1978 to 1989
 Lyons, D. J.
 Kuala Lumpur : ASEAN Food Handling Bureau,; 1990.
 vi, 48 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.  "A review of the activities and
 achievements of the livestock components of the ASEAN Food
 Handling Project of the ASEAN-Australia Economic Co-operation
 Program"--P. i.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Livestock projects; Livestock; Animal products
 
 
 24                             NAL Call. No.: HV4708.A874 1990
 ASPCA update veal calf facts..  Veal calf facts
 American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals New
 York, N.Y. : American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
 Animals, [1990?]; 1990.
 1 sheet : ill. ; 28 cm.  Caption title.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animal welfare; Veal industry
 
 
 25                                   NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A77
 Assessing pain by studuing posture, activity and function.
 Loeffler, K.
 Brussels : Directorate-General for Agriculture, Coordination
 of Agricultural Res; 1986.
 Assessing pain in farm animals : proceedings of a workshop
 held in Roslin, Scotland, 25 and 26 October 1984 / edited by
 I.J.H. Duncan, V. Molony. p. 49-57; 1986. (EUR ; 9742 EN). 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Livestock; Pain; Assessment; Locomotion; Posture;
 Animal behavior; Scales; Animal welfare
 
 
 26                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
 An assessment of carbon dioxide stunning in pigs.
 Gregory, N.G.; Moss, B.W.; Leeson, R.H.
 London : British Veterinary Association; 1987 Nov28.
 The Veterinary record v. 121 (22): p. 517-518; 1987 Nov28. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Pigs; Abattoirs; Carbon dioxide; Stunning;
 Vocalization; Anesthesia; Reflexes; Carcass quality; Animal
 welfare; Stress
 
 
 27                                   NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A77
 Assessment of pain in animals : epistemological comments.
 Zayan, R.
 Brussels : Directorate-General for Agriculture, Coordination
 of Agricultural Res; 1986.
 Assessing pain in farm animals : proceedings of a workshop
 held in Roslin, Scotland, 25 and 26 October 1984 / edited by
 I.J.H. Duncan, V. Molony. p. 1-15; 1986. (EUR ; 9742 EN). 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Livestock; Pain; Assessment; Animal welfare;
 Consciousness
 
 
 28                             NAL Call. No.: HV4704.A54 1987b
 The assessment of welfare in diseased farm animals.
 Jackson, P.G.G.
 London : The Foundation, [1987?]; 1987.
 The proceedings of the BVA Animal Welfare Foundations' [sic]
 fifth symposium : entitled Animal disease--a welfare problem?
 : held on 18 November 1987 / edited by T.E. Gibson ; assistant
 editor, D.A. Paterson. p. 42-47; 1987. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animal welfare; Livestock; Animal diseases;
 Veterinarians; Animal housing; Pain; Disease control
 
 
 29                                   NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
 At present, livestock production more favorable in Imperial
 Valley. Guerrero, J.N.; Peterson, N.; Calderon, J.; Plasencia,
 A.; Gonzalez, R.A. Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture
 and Natural Resources, University of California; 1991 Sep.
 California agriculture v. 45 (5): p. 18-21; 1991 Sep.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: California; Cattle husbandry; Production costs;
 Feedlots; Comparisons; Costs; Dairies
 
 
 30                                   NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A34
 The attainment of humane housing for farm livestock.
 Wood-Gush, D.G.M.
 Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1985.
 Advances in animal welfare science. p. 47-55. ill; 1985. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Animal husbandry; Animal welfare; Animal housing;
 Livestock
 
 
 31                                     NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82
 Automatic chemical applicators for cattle.
 McPhee, J.E.; Hirst, D.J.
 London : Academic Press; 1992 Jul.
 Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 52 (3): p.
 215-227; 1992 Jul. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Australia; Cattle; Chemical treatment; Parasites;
 Control methods
 
 Abstract:  Mustering and other cattle management operations
 are a significant cost for beef producers on extensive
 properties in northern Australia. As a result, a range of
 cattle handling equipment has been developed which uses animal
 behaviour patterns to simplify some tasks. Two "animal-
 powered" devices were developed to automatically apply
 parasite control chemicals to cattle as they passed through
 one-directional spear gates. Both applicators were based on
 wheel-driven pumps, and dispensed chemicals in proportion to
 the length of contact between the device and the animal's
 body. Application rates were within 10% of existing
 recommendations for animals in the most common weight range of
 250-500 kg. The applicators were simple to install and remove,
 allowing easy transfer between sites.
 
 
 32                                 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.K4K42
 Beef cattle corrals and handling facilities.
 Burris, R.; Absher, C.; McNeill, S.; Turner, L.
 Lexington : The Service; 1986 Apr.
 ID - University of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service
 v.): 7 p. ill; 1986 Apr.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Chutes; Layout and planning
 
 
 33                                    NAL Call. No.: SF207.B39
 Beef cattle handling facilities.
 Saskatchewan, Family Farm Improvement Branch
 Regina, Canada : Saskatchewan Agriculture, Family Farm
 Improvement Branch, [1985?]; 1985.
 9 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.  Cover title.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Handling; Equipment and supplies
 
 
 34                                    NAL Call. No.: SF13.M3A5
 Beef cattle handling facilities.
 Thrift, F.A.
 College Park, Md. : Cooperative Extension Service, University
 of Maryland; 1992 Nov.
 Animal agriculture update newsletter / v. 7 (6): p. 5; 1992
 Nov.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Handling machinery
 
 
 35                                    NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
 Beef cattle housing and facilities--Jaunary 1979 - August
 1990. Swanson, J.C.
 Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1990 Nov.
 Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
 National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (91-20): 12 p.; 1990
 Nov.  Bibliography.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Cattle housing; Cattle manure;
 Slatted floors
 
 
 36                                  NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
 Beef cattle housing in Quebec climate.
 Marquis, A.; Godbout, S.
 St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989.
 Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-4027):
 10 p.; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International Summer
 Meeting sponsored by the American Agricultural Engineers and
 the Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering, June 25-28,
 1989, Quebec, Canada.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Quebec; Beef cattle; Animal housing; Farm
 buildings
 
 
 37                                   NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
 Beef cattle performance on slotted floors: manger space
 allotment. Morrison, S.R.; Zinn, R.A.
 St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1985.
 American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
 collection) (fiche no. 85-4522): 6 p. ill; 1985.  Paper
 presented at the 1985 Winter Meeting of the American Society
 of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
 American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
 Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Cattle housing; Housing density;
 Slatted floors; Performance testing; Mangers; Space
 requirements
 
 
 38                                    NAL Call. No.: 100 M69MI
 Beef cattle study mimics real world of producers.
 Broadway, R.
 Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1992 Feb.
 MAFES research highlights - Mississippi Agricultural and
 Forestry Experiment Station v. 55 (2): p. 5; 1992 Feb.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mississippi; Beef cattle; Breeding programs;
 Feedlots; Liveweight gain
 
 
 39                                   NAL Call. No.: aS21.R44A7
 Beef facilities and management at MARC.
 Hays, W.G.; Ross, G.S.
 Clay Center, Neb. : U.S. Department of Agriculture,
 Agricultural Research Service; 1993 May.
 ARS / (71): p. 1-2; 1993 May.  In the series analytic: Beef
 research progress report no. 4.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Agricultural research; Management
 
 
 40                                NAL Call. No.: SF206.B4 1987
 Beef housing and equipment handbook., 4th ed..
 Midwest Plan Service
 Ames, Iowa : Midwest Plan Service, 1987; 1987.
 1 v. (various pagings) : ill. ; 28 cm.  Cover title.  MWPS-6. 
 Includes index.  Bibliography: p. 13.1..
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Housing; Handbooks, manuals, etc;
 Beef cattle; Equipment and supplies; Handbooks, manuals, etc
 
 
 41                                  NAL Call. No.: HD1775.A2A5
 Beef industry faces complex issues.
 Powell, B.
 Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1992.
 Alabama agribusiness - Auburn University, Alabama Cooperative
 Extension Service v. 30 (4): p. 1-3; 1992.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: U.S.A.; Beef production; Food industry;
 Environmental protection; Animal welfare; Food safety;
 Consumer attitudes
 
 
 42                               NAL Call. No.: aHD9433.U52D83
 Beefpacking and processing plants computer-assisted cost
 analysis. Duewer, Lawrence A.; Nelson, K. E.
 United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Commodity Economics
 Division Washington, DC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic
 Research Service, Commodity Economics Division ; Rockville, MD
 : ERS-NASS [distributor,; 1991. v, 71 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (ERS
 staff report ; no. AGES 9115.).  Cover title. April 19 91. 
 Includes bibliographical references (p. 28).
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef industry; Packing-houses; Slaughtering and
 slaughter-houses; Food processing plants
 
 
 43                                     NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
 Behavior of cattle in pens exposed to +/-500 kV DC
 transmission lines. Ganskopp, D.; Raleigh, R.; Schott, M.;
 Bracken, T.D.
 Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1991 Apr.
 Applied animal behaviour science v. 30 (1/2): p. 1-16; 1991
 Apr.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Animal behavior; Power lines;
 Exposure; Electric current; Stray voltage; Noise
 
 
 44                                       NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Behavioral and physiological effects of freeze or hot-iron
 branding on crossbred cattle.
 Lay, D.C. Jr; Friend, T.H.; Randel, R.D.; Bowers, C.L.;
 Grissom, K.K.; Jenkins, O.C.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992
 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 70 (2): p. 330-336; 1992
 Feb.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Branding; Freezing; Blood plasma;
 Epinephrine; Heart rate; Norepinephrine; Hydrocortisone;
 Stress; Skin temperature; Pain; Animal welfare
 
 Abstract:  Twenty-seven crossbred calves (1/2 Simmental, 1/4
 Hereford, 1/4 Brahman) averaging 257 +/- 11 d of age were
 either hot-iron-branded (H), freeze-branded (F), or sham-
 branded (S). Calves were blocked for temperament, weight, and
 sex and were randomly assigned to day and order in which
 treatments were applied. To reduce stress from handling at
 treatment time, each calf was herded through the squeeze chute
 daily for 5 d before the experiment. Jugular cannulas were
 inserted in each calf 1 d before application of treatment.
 Blood samples and heart rate measures were obtained at -5, -3,
 0, .5, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min after application of the
 treatments. Mean concentrations of plasma epinephrine (EPI)
 were higher for H calves at time .5 min than for either S or F
 calves (P = .10). To account for individual differences,
 prebranding heart rates and hormone concentrations were
 subtracted from subsequent samples and were also used to
 calculate a proportion for each subsequent sample. Analyses of
 subtracted values found that EPI concentrations were greater
 for H calves than for either S or F calves (P = .007) at .5
 min postbranding. No other differences were found for the
 subtracted analyses. Analyses of proportion data also revealed
 that H calves had greater EPI than did either S or F calves (P
 = .027) at .5 min postbranding. Only three animals vocalized
 during branding, one H calf and two F calves. Despite the 5-d
 acclimation period, handling and restraint elevated plasma
 cortisol concentrations and heart rate. Because restraint
 elevated physiological indicators of stress, possible
 treatment differences may have been masked. The greater
 epinephrine response experienced by H calves indicates a
 higher momentary pain sensation than that experienced by
 either S or F calves.
 
 
 45                                  NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3)
 Behavioral patterns of feedlot steers.
 Hicks, R.B.; Owens, F.N.; Gill, D.R.
 Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1989 Jun.
 Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station,
 Oklahoma State University (127): p. 94-105; 1989 Jun. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Crossbreds; Feeding
 behavior; Liveweight gains; Diurnal variation
 
 
 46                                     NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
 The behaviour and bruising of cattle during transport at
 different space allowances.
 Eldridge, G.A.; Winfield, C.G.
 Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
 Organization; 1988.
 Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 28 (6): p.
 695-698; 1988. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Australia; Beef cattle; Transport of animals;
 Animal behavior; Bruising; Distance travelled; Abattoirs;
 Handling; Spacing; Space requirements; Carcass quality
 
 
 47                                  NAL Call. No.: HD1773.A3N6
 A bioeconomic analysis of bovine respiratory disease complex.
 Nyamusika, N.; Spreen, T.H.; Rae, O.; Moss, C.
 Manhattan, Kan. : Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas
 State University; 1994 Jan.
 Review of agricultural economics v. 16 (1): p. 39-53; 1994
 Jan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Beef cattle; Calf production;
 Bovine respiratory syncytial virus; Disease control;
 Vaccination; Returns; Economic analysis; Mathematical models;
 Mortality; Liveweight gain; Agricultural regions; Probability
 
 Abstract:  Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRDC) is an
 important disease affecting both beef and dairy cattle
 produced in confinement operations. A bioeconomic model of
 BRDC is developed for a typical Midwestern feedlot. Using
 vaccine efficacy rates found in the veterinary science
 literature, significant returns to vaccination are estimated.
 
 
 48                                       NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 A bioeconomic model for comparing beef cattle genotypes at
 their optimal economic slaughter end point.
 Amer, P.R.; Kemp, R.A.; Buchanan-Smith, J.G.; Fox, G.C.;
 Smith, C. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal
 Science; 1994 Jan. Journal of animal science v. 72 (1): p.
 38-50; 1994 Jan.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Genotypes; Feedlots; Optimization;
 Econometric models; Slaughter
 
 Abstract:  A bioeconomic model of a feedlot was developed for
 the comparison of beef cattle genotypes under specified
 management and marketing conditions. The optimization behavior
 of commercial feedlot managers is incorporated into the model
 using optimum economic rotation theory. The days spent in the
 feedlot (rotation) by a group of animals are derived using
 this theory so as to maximize an objective function.
 Differences among breeds in the present value of profits from
 a single rotation, expressed per animal, represent the
 expected price premium paid for a feeder animal of a
 particular breed. Feed requirements and growth rates for a
 genotype are predicted over time for a specified diet from
 estimated mature size. Estimates of carcass fatness over time
 as a function of the energy content of the diet and estimates
 of dressing percentage over time are used for each genotype. A
 base model is described that incorporates biological
 parameters estimated for 11 breeds from a major breed
 comparison experiment and uses prices of inputs and outputs
 for Ontario feedlots. Sensitivity of the model to these
 biological and economic assumptions is shown. When breeds are
 compared at constant days fed, weight, or fat depth slaughter
 points, rankings are inconsistent, relative to those when each
 breed is slaughtered at its optimal economic point. The model
 can be used to establish appropriate slaughter end points for
 comparing beef cattle breeds and crosses and to evaluate
 breeding objectives for feedlot traits in genetic improvement
 programs.
 
 
 49                         NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.199
 Biotechnology briefing Technology Transfer and Assessment
 Staff ; David Berkowitz [and] Daniel Jones..  Technology
 Transfer and Assessment Staff seminars on Biotechnology
 Jones, Daniel; Cross, H. Russell; Bolt, Douglas J.; Wall,
 Robert; Hansen, J.; Barbeito, Manuel
 United States, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Technology
 Transfer and Assessment Staff
 Washington : D.C.? : USDA, The Staff,; 1987.
 6 videocassettes (VHS) (317 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 1
 brief sheet. "Tuesday, March 17, 1987, Room 4434, South
 Building"--Brief sheet.  Brief sheet title.  Title on
 container: Technology Transfer and Assessment Staff seminars
 on biotechnology.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Biotechnology; Congresses; Genetic engineering;
 Congresses; Animals; Inspection; United States; Animal welfare
 
 
 50                                       NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Blood and serum components and organ weights in steers, bulls
 and zeranol-implanted bulls.
 Doornenbal, H.; Tong, A.K.W.; Newman, J.A.; Murray, N.L.;
 Mears, G.J. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal
 Science; 1987 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 64 (2): p.
 489-496; 1987 Feb.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Bulls; Steers; Zeranol; Blood composition;
 Organs; Castration; Growth; Carcass quality; Stress
 
 
 51                                     NAL Call. No.: 41.8 SO8
 Blood biochemical parameters and meat pH of feedlot cattle
 slaughtered on arrival or after overnight rest at an abattoir.
 Grosskopf, J.F.W.; Meltzer, D.G.A.; Van Den Heever, L.W.;
 Collett, F.A.; Van Rensburg, J.J.; Mulders, M.S.; Lombard,
 M.S.
 Pretoria : The Association; 1988 Sep.
 Journal of the South African Veterinary Association v. 59 (3):
 p. 149-152; 1988 Sep.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Cattle; Feedlots; Slaughter; Blood chemistry; Ph;
 Beef; Abattoirs; Rest; Summer; Winter; Brahman; Stress
 
 
 52                                     NAL Call. No.: 100 N27M
 Calving and stress hormones of calves.
 Rainforth, L.; Knott, M.; Clemens, E.
 Lincoln, Neb. : The Station; 1990 Oct.
 MP - University of Nebraska, Agricultural Experiment Station
 (56): p. 13-15; 1990 Oct.  In the series analytic: 1991 Beef
 Cattle Report.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Dystocia; Heifers; Calves; Dams (mothers);
 Calving; Stress; Maternal effects; Epinephrine; Transfer;
 Fetus; Blood plasma; Catecholamines; Gastrin
 
 
 53                                       NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Carcass traits and the occurrence of dark cutters in pregnant
 and nonpregnant feedlot heifers.
 Kreikemeier, K.K.; Unruh, J.A.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1993
 Jul. Journal of animal science v. 71 (7): p. 1699-1703; 1993
 Jul.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Kansas; Cabt; Beef cows; Bred heifers; Heifers;
 Pregnancy; Dark cutting meat; Carcass composition; Carcass
 quality
 
 Abstract:  The objective of this study was to determine
 whether the occurrence of dark cutters and selected carcass
 traits differ between pregnant and nonpregnant feedlot
 heifers. Feedlot heifers (n = 8,292) were identified at
 slaughter as being either nonpregnant, pregnant with a
 moderate-sized fetus (midgestation), or pregnant with a large
 fetus (late gestation). This was based on visual appraisal of
 a gravid uterus at the evisceration table. After chilling (24
 to 72 h), carcass data were collected. Cattle originated from
 23 different commercial feedyards located within a 350-km
 radius of a commercial slaughter facility located in southwest
 Kansas. Across slaughter lots, the incidence of pregnancy
 varied from 0 to 25% with an overall mean of 4.74%. Carcass
 traits of heifers with moderate or large fetuses did not
 differ (P > .15). Compared with carcasses from nonpregnant
 heifers, carcasses from pregnant heifers were 4.5 kg lighter
 (P < .01), had .11 cm more fat thickness (P < .01), and
 exceeded the number of carcasses that graded Choice or Prime
 by 6% (P < .01). Carcasses from pregnant heifers had higher
 maturity scores (P < .01) and there was no incidence of dark
 cutters (P < .01) compared with a 1.7% incidence of dark
 cutters in carcasses from nonpregnant heifers. Any economical
 advantage in the pregnant heifers due to their higher
 percentage of Choice carcasses and lower incidence of dark
 cutters may be offset by their increased carcass fat thickness
 and lower dressing percentage.
 
 
 54                                   NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A34
 Cardiac arrest stunning of livestock and poultry.
 Grandin, T.
 Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1985.
 Advances in animal welfare science. p. 1-30; 1985.  Literature
 review. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Livestock; Poultry; Heart diseases; Pain; Animal
 welfare; Stunning; Immobilization
 
 
 55                                   NAL Call. No.: SF196.U5C3
 The Care and handling of beef animals in the United States
 today a position paper.
 American National CattleWomen
 Englewood, CO : American National CattleWomen, [1988?]; 1988.
 21 leaves ; 29 cm.  Bibliography: leaves 19-20.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; United States; Animals, Treatment
 of; United States
 
 
 56                                  NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M58B
 Cattle behavior during handling & corral design for beef cow
 herds. Grandin, T.
 East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1991 Dec.
 Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan
 State University (2996): 10 p.; 1991 Dec.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cows; Fencing; Animal behavior; Vision
 
 
 57                         NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.422
 Cattle handling and transportation produced for the USDA
 Office of Transportation by the Livestock Conservation
 Institute..  Livestock handling guide Livestock trucking guide
 Grandin, Temple; Hoke, Karl E.
 United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Office of Transportation,
 Livestock Conservation Institute
 Amarillo, Tex. : The Institute,; 1988.
 1 videocassette (18 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in. + 2 booklets.
 (Livestock handling & transportation).  VHS format.  Booklets
 are entitled Livestock handling guide and Livestock trucking
 guide.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Cattle; Handling; Cattle; Transportation; Cattle;
 Behavior; Animal welfare
 
 
 58                                     NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
 Cattle handling at abattoirs. I. The effects of rest and
 resting conditions before slaughter and of electrical
 stimulation of carcasses on carcass weight and muscle
 properties.
 Wythes, J.R.; Shorthose, W.R.; Powell, V.H.
 Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
 Organization; 1988.
 Australian journal of agricultural research v. 39 (1): p.
 87-95; 1988. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Queensland; Cattle; Abattoirs; Handling;
 Bruising; Stress; Rest; Slaughter; Carcasses; Carcass weight;
 Muscles; Electrical treatment; Stimulation; Carcass quality;
 Physico-chemical properties
 
 
 59                                     NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
 Cattle handling at abattoirs. II. The effects of rest in
 transit and duration of the resting period before slaughter on
 carcass weight, bruising and muscle properties.
 Wythes, J.R.; Arthur, R.J.; Dodt, R.M.; Shorthose, W.R.
 Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
 Organization; 1988.
 Australian journal of agricultural research v. 39 (1): p.
 97-107; 1988. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Queensland; Cattle; Abattoirs; Handling;
 Transport of animals; Bruising; Stress; Rest; Slaughter;
 Carcasses; Carcass weight; Muscles; Carcass quality; Physico-
 chemical properties
 
 
 60                                     NAL Call. No.: 23 AU783
 Cattle handling at abattoirs. III. The effects of feeding, and
 of different feeds, during the resting period before slaughter
 on liveweight, carcasses and muscle properties.
 Wythes, J.R.; Round, P.J.; Johnston, G.N.; Smith, P.C.
 Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
 Organization; 1989.
 Australian journal of agricultural research v. 40 (5): p.
 1099-1109; 1989. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Queensland; Beef cattle; Brahman; Hereford;
 Shorthorn; Feeding; Alfalfa hay; Rice straw; Liveweight;
 Abattoirs; Carcass weight; Dressing percentage; Meat quality;
 Muscle tissue
 
 
 61                                     NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
 Cattle temperaments in extensive beef herds in northern
 Queensland. 1. Factors affecting temperament.
 Fordyce, G.; Dodt, R.M.; Wythes, J.R.
 Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
 Organization; 1988.
 Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 28 (6): p.
 683-687; 1988. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Queensland; Beef cattle; Shorthorn; Brahman;
 Herds; Temperament; Animal behavior; Age; Growth rate;
 Pregnancy; Handling; Cattle husbandry; Management
 
 
 62                                     NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
 Cattle temperaments in extensive beef herds in northern
 Queensland. 2. Effect of temperament on carcass and meat
 quality.
 Fordyce, G.; Wythes, J.R.; Shorthose, W.R.; Underwood, D.W.;
 Shepherd, R.K. Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and
 Industrial Research Organization; 1988.
 Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 28 (6): p.
 689-693; 1988. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Queensland; Beef cattle; Steers; Cows;
 Temperament; Herds; Carcass quality; Meat quality; Stress; Ph;
 Flavors; Tenderness; Water holding capacity; Keeping quality
 
 
 63                                  NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
 Characterizing livestock stress "by the numbers".
 Hahn, G.L.; Chen, Y.R.; Nienaber, J.A.; Eigenberg, R.A.
 St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1990.
 Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (90-4508):
 13 p.; 1990. Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter
 Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural
 Engineers," December 18-21, 1990, Chicago Illinois.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Feed intake; Thermoregulation; Fractionation;
 Cattle
 
 
 64                                   NAL Call. No.: aS21.R44A7
 Characterizing stress in feeder cattle.
 Hahn, G.L.; Nienaber, J.A.
 Clay Center, Neb. : U.S. Department of Agriculture,
 Agricultural Research Service; 1993 May.
 ARS / (71): p. 146-148; 1993 May.  In the series analytic:
 Beef research progress report no. 4.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Cattle; Feedlots; Heat stress; Body temperature;
 Environmental temperature; Feed intake; Methodology
 
 
 65                                    NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82
 Chemically mediated interactions between woody plants and
 browsing mammals. Bryant, J.P.; Reichardt, P.B.; Clausen, T.P.
 Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 Jan.
 Journal of range management v. 45 (1): p. 18-24; 1992 Jan. 
 Paper presented at the "Symposium on Ingestion of Poisonous
 Plants by Livestock," February 15, 1990, Reno, Nevada. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Mammals; Herbivores; Plant composition; Secondary
 metabolites; Woody plants; Browsing; Forage; Defense
 mechanisms; Tannins; Environmental factors; Digestion;
 Browsing damage; Regrowth
 
 Abstract:  A diverse array of secondary metabolites deters
 feeding by mammals on woody plants. However, not all secondary
 metabolites are equally deterrent and the potencies of these
 substances as antifeedants is related to their structures.
 Although the physiological reason underlying deterrence by
 secondary metabolites is not well understood, the available
 evidence indicates that toxicity is more important than
 digestion inhibition. Resource limitation influences the
 production of secondary metabolites by woody plants. Species
 that are adapted to unproductive habitats are more chemically
 defended than species that are adapted to productive habitats.
 Resource limitation also affects the phenotypic expression of
 chemical defense with nutrient stress favoring increased
 production of carbon-based secondary metabolites and reduced
 production of nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites. Light
 stress has the opposite effects on the production of these
 substances. Herbivory by mammals also affects the chemical
 defenses of woody plants. In some cases browsing results in
 increased defense and in others decreased defense. Three
 circumstances under which browsing by mammals can change the
 chemical defenses of woody plants are discussed.
 
 
 66                                    NAL Call. No.: SF207.M25
 Choosing a beef bull hill farming 86 Bala, Gwynedd, June 4-5
 1986. Mathewson, G. K.
 Great Britain, Agricultural Development and Advisory Service
 Aberystwyth? : ADAS,; 1986.
 10 p. ; 21 cm.  Cover title.  Bibliography: p. 10.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Bulls; Animal welfare
 
 
 67                            NAL Call. No.: SF85.4.A9G72 1985
 Codes of conduct for grazing animal welfare: the graziers'
 view. Peart, W.J.
 Indooroopilly, QLD : Australian Veterinary Association
 (Queensland Division); 1985.
 Grazing Animal Welfare Symposium : proceedings of a symposium
 held at the Bardon Professional Development Centre, Brisbane,
 on April 26th and 27th, 1985 / [editors: Brian L. Moore and
 Peter J. Chenoweth]. p. 170-173; 1985.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Australia; Livestock; Animal production; Animal
 husbandry; Grazing; Drought; Ethics; Animal welfare
 
 
 68                                     NAL Call. No.: 101 AL1A
 Cold weather calving: metabolic heat production and
 thermostability. Young, B.A.; Okamoto, M.; Robinson, J.B.;
 Christopherson, R.J. Edmonton : The Faculty; 1986.
 Agriculture & forestry bulletin - Alberta University. Faculty
 of Extension (special issue): p. 11-13; 1986.  Paper presented
 at the 65th Annual Feeders' Day Report, July, 1986, University
 of Alberta, Canada.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Cold stress; Losses; Heat
 production; Metabolism; Heat stability; Newborn animals
 
 
 69                                 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 SO85C
 Cold weather care of calves.
 Brookings, S.D. : The Service; 1987 Dec.
 South Dakota D.H.I.A. news - South Dakota State University,
 Cooperative Extension Service. p. 3; 1987 Dec.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: South Dakota; Calves; Cold stress; Livestock
 housing; Weaning
 
 
 70                                     NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6
 Comparison of ceftiofur with various antibiotic-
 sulfadimethoxine combinations for the treatment of
 undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease. Hansen, D.E.;
 Campbell, C.B.; Boyle, J.M.; Stefanides, N.; Whitsett, D.;
 Williams, G.
 Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing
 Company; 1993 Mar. Agri-Practice v. 14 (3): p. 13-17; 1993
 Mar.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Oregon; Beef cattle; Respiratory diseases;
 Antibiotics; Sulfadimethoxine; Feedlots
 
 
 71                                  NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
 Comparison of fresh air inlets in small livestock rooms.
 Turnbull, J.E.; Kains, F.I.; Wolynetz, M.S.
 St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989.
 Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-4522):
 24 p.; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International Winter
 Meeting, December 12-15, 1989, New Orleans, Louisiana. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ventilation; Animal housing; Pigs
 
 
 72                                   NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442
 Comparison of intensive and conventional grazing management of
 two forage species. II. Postweaning feedlot performance of
 steers.
 Fisher, J.C.; Bolze, R.P.; Loerch, S.C.
 Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural
 Research and Development Center; 1990 Mar.
 Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (90-2): p.
 124-131; 1990 Mar. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Fattening
 performance; Postweaning interval; Compensatory growth;
 Grazing; Liveweight; Dry matter; Creep feeding
 
 
 73                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 AN55
 A comparison of the early behaviour of intensively and
 extensively reared calves.
 Kerr, S.G.C.; Wood-Gush, D.G.M.
 Neston, South Wirral, England : British Society of Animal
 Production; 1987 Oct.
 Animal production v. 45 (pt.2): p. 181-190; 1987 Oct. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Calves; Animal behavior; Intensive livestock
 farming; Extensive livestock farming; Calf housing; Animal
 welfare
 
 
 74                                   NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
 A computer program for designing livestock ventilation
 systems. House, H.K.; Huffman, H.E.
 St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1987.
 American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
 collection) (fiche no. 87-4039): 13 p.; 1987.  Paper presented
 at the 1987 Summer Meeting of the American Society of
 Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
 American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
 Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Computer applications; Animal housing;
 Ventilation; Systems; Design; Heating systems
 
 
 75                                       NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3
 Computer simulation of monitoring herd productivity under
 extensive conditions: sampling error of herd size and offtake
 rate. Baptist, R.
 Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1987.
 Agricultural systems v. 24 (3): p. 199-210; 1987.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Livestock; Extensive livestock farming;
 Pastoralism; Herds; Herd structure; Productivity; Computer
 simulation; Animal husbandry; Culling; Herd size
 
 
 76                                NAL Call. No.: SF1.F64 no.97
 Construction and operation of medium-sized abattoirs in
 developing countries. Veall, Frederick
 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
 Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
 Nations,; 1992. xiii, 199 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. (FAO animal
 production and health paper ; 97).
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Slaughtering and slaughter-houses; Livestock
 
 
 77                             NAL Call. No.: 100 N465R no.587
 Consumer acceptance of beef from animals fed various levels of
 feed concentrate in feedlot diets.
 New Mexico State University, Agricultural Experiment Station
 Las Cruces, N.M. : New Mexico State University, Agricultural
 Experiment Station,; 1986.
 28 p. ; 28 cm. (Western regional publication ; 7 Research
 report ; 587). Caption title.  Bibliography: p. 17.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Feeding and feeds; Food preferences;
 Consumers' preferences
 
 
 78                                   NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A34
 Contribution to a concept of behavioral abnormality in farm
 animals under confinement.
 Luescher, U.A.; Hurnik, J.F.
 Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1986-1987.
 Advances in animal welfare science. p. 67-76; 1986-1987. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Livestock; Abnormal behavior; Livestock housing;
 Housing density; Phylogeny; Ontogeny
 
 
 79                                 NAL Call. No.: aHD9001.N275
 Controversy over livestock growth hormones continues.
 Blayney, D.P.; Fallert, R.F.; Shagam, S.D.
 Washington, D.C. : Commodity Economics Division, Economic
 Research Service, USDA; 1991 Oct.
 FoodReview v. 14 (4): p. 6-9; 1991 Oct.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Livestock; Somatotropin; Food and nutrition
 controversies; Food safety; Food biotechnology; Farm
 structure; Surpluses; Animal welfare
 
 Abstract:  At the forefront of biotechnology in animal
 agriculture is the experimental use of somatotropin, growth
 hormones that occur naturally in animals. The safety, positive
 and negative implication surrounding the controversy over the
 use of bovine somatotropin use for milk production are
 discussed.
 
 
 80                              NAL Call. No.: SF207.B67  1993
 Corrals for handling beef cattle.
 Borg, Robert
 Edmonton : Publishing Branch, Alberta Agriculture, Food and
 Rural Development,; 1993.
 91 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.  "Agdex 420/723-1"--Cover.  Includes
 bibliographical references (p. 91).
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Cattle pens
 
 
 81                                  NAL Call. No.: aHD1401.J68
 Cost, supply, and farm structure: a pedagogical note.
 Teigen, L.D.
 Washington, D.C : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research
 Service : [Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., distributor], 1987-;
 1993.
 Journal of agricultural economics research v. 45 (1): p.
 27-32; 1993. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Dairy farms; Production costs;
 Production functions; Marginal analysis; Structural change;
 Economic dualism; Livestock numbers
 
 Abstract:  Starting with an individual firm and its quadratic
 production function, this paper derives all related functions:
 marginal and average cost, supply, profit, and input demand.
 Since derivatives in other functions correspond to parameters
 of the quadratic, the results generalize. Explicit aggregation
 from firm to market shows that properly specified aggregate
 functions depend on firm numbers. To illustrate the results,
 marginal and average cost functions for several dairy farms
 are drawn to scale, noting that large farms get more output
 per cow than small farms. Juxtaposing the cost curves with
 trends in dairy farms by size shows the link between firm-
 level profit and structural change.
 
 
 82                             NAL Call. No.: 1 Ag84Te no.1704
 Costs of retail beef-handling systems a modeling approach.
 Duewer, Lawrence A.
 United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service
 Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic
 Research Service : [Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.,
 distributor],; 1985.
 v, 55 p. ; 28 cm.. (Technical bulletin / United States. Dept.
 of Agriculture ; no. 1704).  Cover title.  Distributed to
 depository libraries in microfiche. "June 1985"--P. i. 
 Bibliography: p. 29.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Data processing; Beef packers; Data
 processing
 
 
 83                                 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.K4K42
 Creep grazing for beef calves.
 Rice, H.B.; Absher, C.; Turner, L.
 Lexington : The Service; 1987 Apr.
 ID - University of Kentucky, Cooperative Extension Service
 (76): 4 p. ill., maps; 1987 Apr.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Kentucky; Calves; Beef cattle; Creep grazing;
 Fences; Stocking rate; Gates
 
 
 84                              NAL Call. No.: SF75.2.C84 1988
 El Cuidado de los animales  [Care of livestock]., 1. ed..
 Mexico, D.F. : Arbol editorial,; 1988.
 192, [1] p. : ill. ; 21 cm.
 
 Language:  Spanish
 
 Descriptors: Livestock
 
 
 85                               NAL Call. No.: KF27.A366 1988
 Dairy Production Termination Enforcement Act of 1988 hearing
 before the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry of
 the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One
 Hundredth Congress, second session, on H.R. 3870, March 2,
 1988.
 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture.
 Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry
 Washington, [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of
 Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1988; Y 4.Ag
 8/1:100-59. iii, 41 p. : forms ; 24 cm.  Distributed to some
 depository libraries in microfiche.  Serial no. 100-59.
 
 Language:  English; English
 
 Descriptors: Dairying; Economic aspects; United States; Milk
 production; Government policy; United States; Dairy laws;
 United States
 
 
 86                                   NAL Call. No.: HV4701.A34
 The definition, current knowledge and implementation of
 welfare for farm animals--a personal view.
 Kilgour, R.
 Boston : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1985.
 Advances in animal welfare science. p. 31-46; 1985.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Livestock; Poultry; Animal welfare;
 Implementation of research; Guidelines
 
 
 87                         NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.844
 Dehorning beef cattle produced by Ron Davis and Fred Nelson.
 Davis, Ron; Nelson, Fred
 Vocational Education Productions, Da-Nel Productions
 California? : Da-Nel Productions ; [San Luis Obispo, Calif.?]
 : Vocational Education Productions,; 1985.
 1 videocassette (25 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2 in.  VHS.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Dehorning; Animal welfare
 
 
 88                                   NAL Call. No.: FICHE S-72
 Design and contruction effects on cattle waterer energy use.
 Anderson, V.L.; Johnson, D.
 St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1987.
 American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Microfiche
 collection) (fiche no. 87-4081): 17 p. ill; 1987.  Paper
 presented at the 1987 Summer Meeting of the American Society
 of Agricultural Engineers. Available for purchase from: The
 American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Order Dept., 2950
 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan 49085. Telephone the Order
 Dept. at (616) 429-0300 for information and prices.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Livestock housing; Drinkers; Design; Performance
 testing; Electrical energy; Energy consumption
 
 
 89                                 NAL Call. No.: SF779.5.A1B6
 The design of feeding barriers and managers and its effect on
 incidence of injuries and feed wastage.
 Cermak, J.
 Stillwater, Okla. : American Association of Bovine
 Practitioners; 1988 Nov. The Bovine practitioner (23): p.
 74-75; 1988 Nov.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Heifers; Dairy cows; Beef bulls; Managers; Animal
 feeding; Barriers; Design; Injuries; Incidence; Feeds; Wastage
 
 
 90                            NAL Call. No.: S671.M47 no.73/85
 The Design of livestock buildings for natural ventilation the
 theoretical basis and a rational design method.
 Down, M. J.
 University of Melbourne, Dept. of Civil and Agricultural
 Engineering Parkville, Vic., Australia : University of
 Melbourne, Department of Civil and Agricultural Engineering,;
 1985.
 ix, 112 p. : ill. ; 29 cm. (Agricultural engineering report,
 no. 73/85). RR/AGR/03/85.  September 1985.  Bibliography: p.
 111-112.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Livestock; Housing; Ventilation
 
 
 91                                   NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32
 Does Sahelian pastoral development include range management?.
 Greenwood, G.B.
 Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1986 Dec.
 Rangelands v. 8 (6): p. 259-264. ill; 1986 Dec.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Sahel; Livestock; Pastoralism; Development; Range
 management; Animal production; Technology transfers;
 Production structure; Pastoral society; Land capability
 
 
 92                                       NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Dose-response effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin
 implants on feedlot performance in steers.
 Dalke, B.S.; Roeder, R.A.; Kasser, T.R.; Veenhuizen, J.J.;
 Hunt, C.W.; Hinman, D.D.; Schelling, G.T.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992
 Jul. Journal of animal science v. 70 (7): p. 2130-2137; 1992
 Jul.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Somatotropin; Dosage
 effects; Insulin-like growth factor; Growth; Performance;
 Carcass composition; Blood serum
 
 Abstract:  One hundred twenty crossbred beef steers averaging
 377 kg were used in a 2 X 4 factorial experiment to determine
 the dose-response effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin
 (rbST) implants on growth performance and carcass
 characteristics. The implant dosages were 0 (sham), 40, 80, or
 160 mg/wk administered s.c. in the tailhead region on a weekly
 basis throughout the experiment. The steers were fed a high-
 concentrate diet, which contained either a degradable (DP;
 soybean meal) or an escape (EP; corn gluten and blood meal)
 protein source. No dietary protein effect or dietary protein X
 rbST level interactions were detected. Recombinant bST
 decreased both DMI (P < .10) and feed/gain (P < .05) in a
 linear dose-dependent manner. Dosage of rbST did not
 significantly affect (P > .10) ADG or final weight of the
 steers. Recombinant bST decreased backfat depth (P < .10),
 marbling score (P < .05), and quality grade (P < .10) and
 increased yield grade (P < .10) in a linear dose-dependent
 manner. Soft tissue composition of the 9-10-11th rib section
 was altered (P < .01) by rbST administration in a linear dose-
 dependent manner. The percentage of protein in the rib section
 was increased by 9.4% and fat was decreased by 11.8% at the
 160 mg/wk rbST level compared with the sham-implanted steers.
 Recombinant bST did not affect (P > .10) dressing percentage,
 hot carcass weight, kidney, pelvic, and heart fat, or
 longissimus muscle area. Serum insulin-like growth factor I
 (IGF-I) concentrations in the steers exhibited a linear
 response to dosage of rbST (P < .01). These data indicate that
 rbST is an efficacious method of improving feedlot performance
 and partitioning nutrient deposition in feedlot steers.
 
 
 93                                     NAL Call. No.: 58.8 J82
 Double rail restrainer conveyor for livestock handling.
 Grandin, T.
 London : Academic Press; 1988 Dec.
 Journal of agricultural engineering research v. 41 (4): p.
 327-338. ill; 1988 Dec.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Sheep; Calves; Livestock; Handling; Slaughtering
 equipment; Conveyors; Restraint of animals; Stunning;
 Automatic control; Agricultural engineering
 
 
 94                                  NAL Call. No.: 290.9 Am32P
 Double rail restrainer for handling beef cattle.
 Grandin, T.
 St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
 Engineers,; 1991. Paper / (915004): 15 p.; 1991.  Paper
 presented at the "1991 International Summer Meeting sponsored
 by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," June
 23-26, 1991, Albuquerque, New Mexico.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Slaughter; Restraint of animals
 
 
 95                                   NAL Call. No.: 280.8 J822
 Dynamic animal economics.
 Rosen, S.
 Ames, Iowa : American Agricultural Economics Association; 1987
 Aug. American journal of agricultural economics v. 69 (3): p.
 547-557; 1987 Aug. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Cattle husbandry; Herd structure; Livestock
 number; Supply response; Inventories; Pigs; Cobweb models
 
 
 96                                       NAL Call. No.: HD1.A3
 An economic and environmental assessment of alternative
 forage-resource production systems: a goal-programming
 approach.
 Fiske, W.A.; D'Souza, G.E.; Fletcher, J.J.; Phipps, T.T.;
 Bryan, W.B.; Prigg, E.C.
 Oxford : Elsevier Applied Science; 1994.
 Agricultural systems v. 45 (3): p. 259-270; 1994.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: West Virginia; Cabt; Beef cattle; Calf
 production; Profitability; Risk; Environmental impact;
 Algorithms; Production structure; Decision making
 
 
 97                                       NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Economic evaluation of heterosis and culling policies for
 lifetime productivity in Hereford, Angus, Shorthorn, and
 crossbred cows. Nunez-Dominguez, R.; Dickerson, G.E.; Cundiff,
 L.V.; Gregory, K.E.; Koch, R.M. Champaign, Ill. : American
 Society of Animal Science; 1992 Aug. Journal of animal science
 v. 70 (8): p. 2328-2337; 1992 Aug.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cows; Heterosis; Culling; Herd structure;
 Economic evaluation; Heifers; Crossbreds; Breed differences;
 Costs; Female fertility
 
 Abstract:  Experimental lifetime performance data obtained
 from 156 straightbred Hereford, Angus, and Shorthorn and 172
 first-cross heifers were used to estimate heterosis for
 economic efficiency in a 100-cow herd at age equilibrium under
 three culling policies and at terminal ages from 6 to 12 yr.
 All nonpregnant heifers and cows > 9 yr of age were culled.
 The culling policy for removal of nonpregnant cows from second
 parity through 9 yr of age were 1) no culling, 2) after two
 consecutive years (actual), and 3) all (imposed). Efficiency
 was calculated as input cost per unit of output value. A 10-yr
 average was used for costs of replacement heifers, cow units,
 and the ratio of calf-cull cow prices (PR), plus higher and
 lower PR. Input included costs for both cow units and
 purchased replacements. Output value included both weaned
 calves and cull cows. Optimum terminal age was mainly a
 function of PR: 9 yr for average and high PR, but 6 through 9
 yr when PR was low, regardless of culling policy or breed
 groups. Efficiency differences among culling policies were
 small for high or average PR, but more culling for infertility
 was beneficial when PR was low. Estimated reductions in unit
 costs of output value under any culling policy or terminal age
 were approximately 6% from crossbred cows plus another 6% from
 crossbred calves, or a total of 12% from specific three-breed
 crossing of these British breeds. Cost reductions would be
 somewhat less for rotation crossbreeding but greater for
 mating smaller crossbred cows with sires of superior growth-
 carcass breeds.
 
 
 98                                 NAL Call. No.: 100 C71S (3)
 The economics of fed beef production in Colorado.
 Madsen, A.G.; Gee, C.K.
 Fort Collins : The Station; 1986 Jan.
 Technical bulletin - Colorado State University Experiment
 Station (86-2): 32 p.; 1986 Jan.  Includes statistical data.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Colorado; Beef production; Cattle fattening;
 Feedlots; Facilities; Equipment; Economic analysis
 
 
 99                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163
 The effect of age and method of castration on plasma cortisol
 in beef calves. King, B.D.; Cohen, R.D.H.; Guenther, C.L.;
 Janzen, E.D.
 Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 Jun.
 Canadian journal of animal science v. 71 (2): p. 257-263; 1991
 Jun.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Castration; Age differences;
 Hydrocortisone; Blood plasma; Stress; Liveweight gain
 
 
 100                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Effect of an implant of trenbolone acetate and estradiol on
 growth, feed efficiency, and carcass composition of Holstein
 and beef steers. Perry, T.C.; Fox, D.G.; Beermann, D.H.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991
 Dec. Journal of animal science v. 69 (12): p. 4696-4702; 1991
 Dec.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Steers; Trenbolone; Estradiol; Liveweight gain;
 Feed conversion; Breed differences; Carcass composition;
 Sensory evaluation
 
 Abstract:  The effects of an implant of 140 mg of trenbolone
 acetate and 28 mg of estradiol (TBA + E2) on performance and
 carcass composition were evaluated with 72 individually fed
 steers. Holstein (n = 24), Angus (n = 24), and Angus X
 Simmental (n = 24) steer calves were allocated by breed and
 implant treatment to either an individual feeding pen (n = 36)
 or an electronic feeding door in a group pen (three pens with
 12 animals per pen). Intake and refusal of the 85% concentrate
 diet were recorded daily. Animals were slaughtered when
 ultrasonic attenuation values of the longissimus muscle at the
 12th rib reached .55, which is correlated with low Choice
 marbling. At slaughter, complete carcass measurements were
 taken and the right side of each carcass was separated into
 boneless wholesale cuts. Implanting with TBA + E2 improved (P
 < .01) daily gain and feed efficiency. Daily gain was
 increased 17, 26, and 21% in Holstein, Angus, and crossbred
 steers, respectively. The implant increased overall daily
 protein and fat accretion 23%. Carcass conformation and
 dressing percentage were not affected (P > .05) by TBA + E2
 treatment. Implantation with TBA + E2 had little effect on
 yield of wholesale boneless cuts when expressed as a
 percentage of carcass weight but increased absolute weight as
 a small degree of marbling by 6 to 40 kg.
 
 
 101                                     NAL Call. No.: 472 N21
 Effect of animal husbandry on herbivore-carrying capacity at a
 regional scale. Oesterheld, M.; Sala, O.E.; McNaughton, S.J.
 London : Macmillan Magazines Ltd; 1992 Mar19.
 Nature v. 356 (6366): p. 234-236; 1992 Mar19.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: South America; Range management; Cattle; Sheep;
 Animal husbandry; Grazing effects
 
 Abstract:  All significant properties of the herbivore trophic
 level, including biomass, consumption and productivity, are
 significantly correlated with primary productivity across a
 broad range of terrestrial ecosystems. Here we show that
 livestock biomass in South American agricultural ecosystems
 across a 25-fold gradient of primary productivity exhibited a
 relationship with a slope essentially identical to unmanaged
 ecosystems, but with a substantially greater y-intercept.
 Therefore the biomass of herbivores supported per unit of
 primary productivity is about an order of magnitude greater in
 agricultural than in natural ecosystems, for a given level of
 primary production. We also present evidence of an increase in
 livestock body size with primary productivity, a pattern
 previously characterized in natural ecosystems. To our
 knowledge this is the first quantitative documentation at a
 regional scale of the impact of animal husbandry practices,
 such as herding, stock selection and veterinary care, on the
 biomass and size-structure of livestock herds compared with
 native herbivores.
 
 
 102                                    NAL Call. No.: SF191.F5
 Effect of backgrounding regime on animal performance and
 carcass characteristics of beef steers finished for various
 periods in the feedlot. Prichard, D.L.; Bertrand, J.E.;
 Johnson, D.D.
 Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1988.
 Florida beef cattle research report - Florida Cooperative
 Extension Service, University of Florida. p. 177-183; 1988.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Florida; Brahman; Steers; Autumn; Pasture
 management; Feedlots; Hay; Concentrates; Secale cereale;
 Lolium perenne; Trifolium; Carcass quality; Performance
 
 
 103                                  NAL Call. No.: 99.8 F7623
 The effect of cattle grazing on ponderosa pine regeneration.
 Kingery, J.L.; Graham, R.T.
 Ottawa : Canadian Institute of Forestry; 1991 Jun.
 The Forestry chronicle v. 67 (3): p. 245-248; 1991 Jun.  Paper
 presented at the First Conference on Agroforestry in North
 America, August 1989, Guelph, Ontario.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Idaho; Pinus ponderosa; Agroforestry;
 Silvopastoral systems; Cattle; Grazing effects; Forest
 plantations; Seedlings; Browsing damage; National forests
 
 Abstract:  During the summer and fall of 1982, a study was
 established on the Nez Perce National Forest in central Idaho
 to assess the effects of cattle grazing on the performance of
 a new ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) plantation. Three
 study sites were located in a Douglas-fir/ninebark
 (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Physocarpus malvaceus) habitat type.
 Results after six years showed that livestock use can
 influence tree seedling establishment. Mortality and damage to
 tree seedlings from cattle resulted primarily from trampling
 rather than from browsing. Five and one-half percent of the
 seedlings were damaged by cattle, of which 3.6% died. Browsing
 by deer and elk caused the most growth loss. Overall damage
 was greatest from non-animal causes. Seedling quality at the
 time of planting, handling of the seedling, and droughty
 conditions during the first two years of the study contributed
 to this type of damage. Overall performance of the tree
 seedlings were relatively poor. Total mortality to tree
 seedlings resulting from all sources of damage was 43.6% for
 the grazed treatment and 25.3% for the non-grazed treatment.
 
 
 104                                    NAL Call. No.: SF191.F5
 Effect of diet on animal performance, fat composition of
 subcutaneous adipose and liver tissue of beef cattle.
 Hidiroglou, N.; McDowell, L.R.; Johnson, D.D.
 Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1988.
 Florida beef cattle research report - Florida Cooperative
 Extension Service, University of Florida. p. 118-128; 1988. 
 Includes statistical data.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Florida; Brahman; Crossbreds; Steers; Feedlots;
 Performance; Carcass quality; Subcutaneous fat; Unsaturated
 fatty acids; Liver; Lipids; Oleic acid
 
 
 105                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 The effect of fasting, transit plus fasting, and
 administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone on the source
 and amount of weight loss by feeder steers of different ages.
 Phillips, W.A.; Juniewicz, P.E.; VonTungeln, D.L.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991
 Jun. Journal of animal science v. 69 (6): p. 2342-2348; 1991
 Jun.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Weight losses; Fasting;
 Transport; Corticotropin; Excretion; Stress; Age differences
 
 Abstract:  Two trials (winter and summer) were conducted to
 determine effects of fasting and transportation and
 adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTED) administration on the
 amount and source of weight lost by feeder steers. Sixteen
 steers, in each of two experiments, were adapted to metabolism
 status for 10 d, were fed medium-quality hay at 2.1% of BW for
 3 d, and then were subjected to either fasting alone or
 fasting plus transit for 48 h. In Exp. 1 steers were randomly
 assigned to treatments. In Exp. 2 steers were blocked by age
 (OLD or YOUNG) and assigned to treatments. Fecal and urinary
 excretions accounted for 65 and 38% of the total weight lost
 in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Fasting plus transit did not
 consistently increase the amount of weight lost compared with
 fasting alone but increased (P < .01) plasma glucose
 concentrations. Injection of ACTH before either fasting alone
 or fasting plus transit increased (P < .05) the amount of
 weight lost as feces. Steers in the OLD group lost more weight
 during transit and fasting but regained the lost weight faster
 (P < .01) during the recovery period than did steers in the
 YOUNG group. Injecting YOUNG steers with ACTH before fasting
 alone or fasting plus transit increased plasma fibrinogen (P <
 .10) and serum glucose (P < .05) concentrations more than ACTH
 injections in OLD steers. Although fasting and transit elicit
 mobilization of body nutrients and resulted in a loss of BW,
 these effects were quickly reversed during the post-stress
 period.
 
 
 106                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Effect of genotype on basal and ACTH stimulated cortisol
 response in beef steers during weaning and transit stress.
 Zavy, M.T.; Phillips, W.A.; Juniewicz, P.E.; VonTungeln, D.L.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1988.
 Journal of animal science v. 66 (suppl.1): p. 234-235; 1988. 
 Paper presented at the 80th Annual Meeting of the American
 Society of Animal Science, held July 19-22, 1988, New
 Brunswick, New Jersey.  Includes abstract.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Stress; Weaning; Genotypes; Cortisol
 
 
 107                                 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3)
 Effect of heat stress on early embryonic development and
 survival in the beef cow.
 Biggers, B.G.; Buchanan, D.S.; Wettemann, R.P.; Zavy, M.T.;
 Geisert, R.D. Stillwater : The Station; 1986 May.
 Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station,
 Oklahoma State University (118): p. 303-307; 1986 May.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cows; Heat stress; Embryonic development;
 Survival
 
 
 108                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Effect of heat stress on early embryonic development in the
 beef cow. Biggers, B.G.; Geisert, R.D.; Wetteman, R.P.;
 Buchanan, D.S. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal
 Science; 1987 May. Journal of animal science v. 64 (5): p.
 1512-1518; 1987 May.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cows; Embryonic development; Heat stress;
 Embryo mortality; Pregnancy
 
 
 109                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Effect of implant sequence and dose on feedlot cattle
 performance. Mader, T.L.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1994
 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 72 (2): p. 277-282; 1994
 Feb.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Steers; Zeranol; Performance;
 Controlled release; Dosage effects; Feed conversion;
 Estradiol; Progesterone; Trenbolone; Postweaning interval;
 Body weight; Liveweight gain; Feed intake; Dressing
 percentage; Body fat; Carcass quality; Carcass yield
 
 Abstract:  Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of
 delayed implanting or the use of a low-dose implant followed
 by a higher-dose implant in feedlot cattle. In the first
 study, 150 steers were allotted to 15 pens (three
 pens/treatment) and assigned to a nonimplant treatment
 (control), a single zeranol (36 mg) implant (R), or a double
 zeranol implant (DR) administered at the start of a 140-d
 finishing period, or a single zeranol implant administered at
 the start of an 80-d growing period, followed by a single (RR)
 or double (RDR) zeranol implant administered at the start of
 the finishing period. Steers managed under the DR, RR, and RDR
 implant schemes had greater (P < .10) finishing period gains
 and intakes than the control steer group. However, only DR and
 RDR steer groups had improved (P < .10) finishing period feed
 conversions compared with control steers. In combined growing
 and finishing periods, the RDR steer group displayed the
 lowest (P = .12) feed:gain ratio. In a second trial, conducted
 concurrently to the zeranol trial, steers that did not receive
 an initial implant containing 20 mg of estradiol benzoate plus
 200 mg of progesterone (S) but were subsequently implanted
 twice, once at the start of the finishing period and again 80
 d later, had a lower (P < .11) finishing period feed:gain
 ratio (6.08 vs 6.51) than steers implanted all three times. In
 a third trial, implanting steers with one-half S vs S, at the
 start of a 92-d growing period, resulted in improved (P < .05)
 gain (1.63 vs 1.54 kg/d) and feed: gain ratio (5.86 vs 6.27)
 in the subsequent finishing period, in which both groups
 received S, but not over the entire feeding period. Compared
 with using S alone, as a finishing phase implant, no
 differences were found in performance or carcass quality from
 using S in combination with trenbolone acetate. Delayed
 implanting or using a low-dose implant during an initial
 feeding period provides performance enhancement in subsequent
 feeding periods; however, benefits are not great enough to
 consistently show significant performance benefits over the
 entire growing and finishing period.
 
 
 110                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 AM3A
 Effect of initial restraint, weaning, and transport stress on
 baseline and ACTH-stimulated cortisol responses in beef calves
 of different genotypes. Zavy, M.T.; Juniewicz, P.E.; Phillips,
 W.A.; VonTungeln, D.L. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary
 Medical Association; 1992 Apr. American journal of veterinary
 research v. 53 (4): p. 551-557; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Zebu; Stress; Restraint of
 animals; Weaning; Transport of animals; Hydrocortisone; Blood
 plasma; Corticotropin; Breed differences
 
 Abstract:  The productivity and well-being of animals can be
 substantially affected by stress. This is particularly true in
 the case of beef calves that are subjected to a multitude of
 stressors over a short period during the first year of life.
 Perhaps the most often studied stress-responsive variable has
 been blood corticosteroid concentrations. Factors such as age,
 gender, genetics, and degree of prior experience, can
 influence how an animal perceives and responds to a given
 stressor. Few studies have tried to control these variables,
 and accordingly, many conflicting results have been published
 regarding the impact of various stressors on cortisol
 response. We measured baseline plasma cortisol concentration
 over a 44-day study in Bos indicus and Bos taurus calves.
 Plasma cortisol values in Bos indicus calves were higher
 (32.60 +/- 0.66 ng/ml) than values in calves of Bos taurus
 (25.81 +/- 0.76) breeding. A precipitous decrease in cortisol
 concentration was observed 7 days after transport stress in
 all calves. Baseline cortisol concentration did not provide
 any indication of the intensity of the various stressors.
 However, significant differences were readily observed after
 ACTH administration. On the basis of cortisol secretion,
 stresses of transport and weaning were similar and were the
 most stressful to calves, regardless of genotype.
 
 
 111                                   NAL Call. No.: 49.9 AU72
 Effect of level of handling on meat quality of cattle of two
 breed types. McIntyre, B.L.; Ryan, W.J.
 Sydney : Pergamon Press; 1986.
 Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production v.
 16: p. 267-270; 1986.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Aberdeen-angus; Shorthorn; Handling;
 Stress; Electrical treatment; Meat quality; Ph; Tenderness
 
 
 112                                 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3)
 The effect of mass medication on health and performance of
 newly arrived stocker cattle.
 Gill, D.R.; Smith, R.A.; Hicks, R.B.; Ball, R.L.
 Stillwater : The Station; 1986 May.
 Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station,
 Oklahoma State University (118): p. 260-268; 1986 May. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Calves; Drug therapy; Stress; Morbidity
 
 
 113                                    NAL Call. No.: TX373.M4
 Effect of mixing male sex types of cattle on their meat
 quality and stress-related parameters.
 Mohan Raj, A.B.; Moss, B.W.; Rice, D.A.; Kilpatrick, D.J.;
 McCaughey, W.J.; McLauchlan, W.
 Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1992.
 Meat science v. 32 (4): p. 367-386; 1992.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Meat quality; Male animals
 
 
 114                                  NAL Call. No.: QP251.A1T5
 The effect of postweaning level of dietary energy on sex drive
 and semen quality of young beef bulls.
 Mwansa, P.B.; Makarechian, M.
 Stoneham, Mass. : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Jun.
 Theriogenology v. 35 (6): p. 1169-1178; 1991 Jun.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef bulls; Beef breeds; Semen characters;
 Ejaculate volume; Scrotum; Size; Spermatozoa; Motility; Sexual
 behavior; Mating behavior; Libido; Bull feeding; Energy
 content; Digestible energy
 
 Abstract:  Two postweaning feeding trials were conducted on
 112 bull calves from a beef synthetic breed group to examine
 the effects of postweaning level of dietary energy and change
 in the level of energy on sex drive and semen quality of young
 bulls in 1988 and 1989. Within each year, the test period was
 168 d, which was divided in two periods of 77 d and separated
 by a 14-d adjustment period. Within each year the bulls were
 randomly assigned to eight pens. The pen population was
 balanced with respect to age and weight of bulls. Bulls in
 four of the pens were fed a high concentrate diet while those
 in the remaining four pens were fed a low concentrate diet
 consisting of one half of the high diet plus hay ad libitum in
 the first period. After the adjustment period, the diets of
 four pens of bulls were reversed from high to low or from low
 to high resulting in high-high, high-low, low-high and low-low
 dietary treatments. The year was a significant (P<0.05) source
 of variation for all the components of libido score except for
 number of services achieved. The effect of energy on
 components of libido and libido score was not significant
 (P>0.05). Bulls on high-high had significantly larger scrotal
 circumference but exhibited poorer semen characteristics than
 their contemporaries on high-low, low-high and low-low diets.
 Even though feeding of high energy diet throughout the feedlot
 test period showed a positive effect on scrotal circumference,
 its effect on semen quality was negative. It was found that
 feeding a low energy diet in either half of the feedlot test
 period may prevent the detrimental effects of prolonged high
 energy feeding on semen characteristics of young beef bulls.
 
 
 115                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Effect of pre- and postweaning zeranol implant on steer calf
 performance. Mader, T.L.; Clanton, D.C.; Ward, J.K.;
 Pankaskie, D.E.; Deutscher, G.H. Champaign, Ill. : American
 Society of Animal Science; 1985 Sep. Journal of animal science
 v. 61 (3): p. 546-551; 1985 Sep.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Steers; Zeranol; Implantation; Postweaning
 interval; Preweaning period; Stress; Carcass quality
 
 
 116                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V641
 Effect of preslaughter experience on behaviour, plasma
 cortisol and muscle pH in farmed red deer.
 Smith, R.F.; Dobson, H.
 London : The Association; 1990 Feb17.
 The Veterinary record : journal of the British Veterinary
 Association v. 126 (7): p. 155-158; 1990 Feb17.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Cervus elaphus; Slaughter; Stress; Animal
 behavior; Cortisol; Blood plasma; Muscles; Ph; Venison
 
 
 117                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 V643
 Effect of pre-slaughter handling on the behaviour and blood
 composition of beef cattle.
 Cockram, M.S.; Corley, K.T.T.
 London : Bailliere Tindall; 1991 Sep.
 British veterinary journal v. 147 (5): p. 444-454; 1991 Sep. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Slaughter; Handling; Blood
 composition; Animal behavior; Abattoirs
 
 Abstract:  The pre-slaughter handling, behaviour and blood
 composition of beef cattle at slaughter was studied in a
 commercial slaughterhouse. The main problems identified were
 the routine use of driving instruments and delays caused by
 stoppages in the slaughter line. The plasma concentration of
 cortisol at the time of slaughter was positively correlated
 with the time spent standing still and with the time spent in
 the pre-stun pen. The plasma activity of creatine kinase was
 positively correlated with the time spent in the race, but no
 correlations between creatine kinase and physical activity in
 the race were found. The plasma concentration of glucose was
 positively correlated with the time spent trotting and the
 number of times that struggling occurred. The proportions of
 cattle struggling, vocalizing and defaecating were greatest
 when they were confined in the race and pre-stun pen. Cattle
 kept overnight in the lairage had a greater concentration of
 free fatty acids at the time of slaughter than those
 slaughtered on the day of arrival. There were no other
 significant differences in either the blood compositon or the
 handling and behaviour of cattle kept overnight in the
 lairage, compared with those slaughtered on the day of
 arrival. Some of the handling problems observed were caused by
 incorrect design of the handling facilities. There should be
 some means of removing cattle from a race if delays are
 encountered and some means of handling the cattle in the race
 other than by using an electrical goad. The optimal dimensions
 of races and passageways to prevent crowding and turning
 around should be assessed at the design stage. Non-slip floors
 are essential.
 
 
 118                                    NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6
 The effect of previous experiences on livestock behavior
 during handling. Grandin, T.
 Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing
 Company; 1993 Apr. Agri-Practice v. 14 (4): p. 15-20; 1993
 Apr.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Colorado; Cattle; Sheep; Animal behavior;
 Veterinary medicine; Handling; Chutes; Hydraulic equipment;
 Restraint of animals
 
 
 119                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Effect of soybean hull:soy lecithin-soapstock mixture on
 ruminal digestion and performance of growing beef calves and
 lactating dairy cattle. Shain, D.H.; Sindt, M.H.; Grant, R.J.;
 Klopfenstein, T.J.; Stock, R.A. Champaign, Ill. : American
 Society of Animal Science; 1993 May. Journal of animal science
 v. 71 (5): p. 1266-1275; 1993 May.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Dairy cows; Calves; Soybean husks; Soybean
 soapstock; Lectins; Rumen digestion; Crude protein; Protein
 digestion; Maize; Diet; Nutrient content; Feed intake; Milk
 yield; Milk composition; Volatile fatty acids; Energy balance;
 Body condition
 
 Abstract:  Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the
 effect of a soybean hull, soy lecithin, and soapstock mixture
 on ruminal fiber and protein digestion, growth efficiency of
 beef calves, and lactational performance of dairy cattle. An
 initial mixing experiment determined that a 4:1 ratio (DM
 basis) of soy lecithin:soapstock could be added to soybean
 hulls at 15% (wt/wt, DM basis); this mixture had acceptable
 mixing and handling characteristics. Dietary addition of a
 mixture of 85% soybean hulls, 12% soy lecithin, and 3%
 soapstock (DM basis; SLS) to provide 0, 3, 5, or 7%
 supplemental fat resulted in a linear (P < .01) decrease in in
 situ rate of ruminal NDF digestion with no effect on rate of
 CP digestion. Daily gain, DMI, and feed efficiency (kilograms
 of gain/kilogram of DMI) of growing beef calves were not
 affected (P > .10) as graded levels of SLS replaced corn
 grain. However, as graded levels of SLS replaced soybean
 hulls, daily gain and feed efficiency increased linearly (P <
 .01). Based on the results of these trials, Holstein dairy
 cattle were fed four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets
 that contained either high levels of nonfiber carbohydrates
 (43%) and no added fat, 1% ruminally inert fat, a 6% level of
 SLS, or a 12% SLS level (all on DM basis). Efficiency of 4%
 fat-corrected milk production (kilograms of milk/kilogram of
 DMI) was greatest for cows fed SLS at 6% of dietary DM. The
 SLS mixture was an excellent source of fiber and vegetable
 fat, comparable in feeding value to corn grain, for inclusion
 in the diets of beef calves and dairy cows.
 
 
 120                                   NAL Call. No.: SF207.S68
 Effect of straw and newspaper bedding on cold season feedlot
 performance in two housing systems.
 Birkelo, C.P.; Lounsbery, J.
 Brookings, SD : Animal and Range Sciences Dept., Agricultural
 Experiment Station, Cooperative Extension Service, South
 Dakota State Unviersity, [1986?-; 1992 Aug.
 South Dakota beef report (92-11): p. 42-45; 1992 Aug.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: South Dakota; Cabt; Beef cattle; Feedlots;
 Litter; Straw; Newspapers; Cold tolerance; Liveweight gain;
 Animal housing
 
 
 121                                    NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6
 The effect of stressors like rumen overload and induced
 abortion on BRD in feedlot cattle.
 Edwards, A.J.
 Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing
 Company; 1989 Mar. Agri-Practice v. 10 (2): p. 10-11, 14-15;
 1989 Mar.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Nebraska; Kansas; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Stress;
 Rumen; Abortion; Respiratory diseases; Viruses; Pasteurella
 haemolytica; Pasteurella multocida
 
 
 122                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163
 The effect of the stress of weaning and transport on white
 blood cell patterns and fibrinogen concentration of beef
 calves of different genotypes. Phillips, W.A.; Juniewicz,
 P.E.; Zavy, M.T.; Von Tungeln, D.L. Ottawa : Agricultural
 Institute of Canada; 1989 Jun.
 Canadian journal of animal science v. 69 (2): p. 333-340; 1989
 Jun.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Zebu cattle; Genotypes;
 Stress; Weaning; Transport of animals; Leukocytes; Fibrinogen
 
 
 123                               NAL Call. No.: aS21.A8U5/ARS
 Effect of winter nutrition level and bahia and perennial
 peanut pasture on performance of growing cattle.
 Kunkle, W.E.; Palmer, A.Z.; Spreen, T.H.; Hammond, A.C.;
 Butts, W.T. Jr; Williams, M.J.; Baker, F.S. Jr
 Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1989.
 Reprints - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural
 Research Service [114]: p. A/19-A/27; 1989.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Florida; Cattle; Animal nutrition; Feedlots;
 Grazing; Paspalum notatum; Arachis glabrata; Liveweight gains;
 Carcass quality; Winter
 
 
 124                                    NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6
 The effect of zeranol and trenbolone acetate and estradiol and
 trenbolone acetate on carcass and performance parameters of
 finishing steers. 1. Thornsberry, R.M.
 Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing
 Company; 1993 May. Agri-Practice v. 14 (5): p. 29-32; 1993
 May.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Missouri; Beef cattle; Zeranol; Estradiol;
 Trenbolone; Implantation; Feedlots; Carcass quality; Fattening
 performance
 
 
 125                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Effects of 84-, 112- and 140-day postweaning feedlot
 performance tests for beef bulls.
 Brown, A.H. Jr; Chewning, J.J.; Johnson, Z.B.; Loe, W.C.;
 Brown, C.J. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal
 Science; 1991 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 69 (2): p.
 451-461; 1991 Feb.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef bulls; Size; Carcass weight; Growth rate;
 Liveweight gain; Growth curve; Performance testing; Breeders'
 associations; Cooperative services; Duration; Breed
 differences; Objectives; Analysis of variance
 
 Abstract:  Changes in performance traits in beef cattle over
 the last 30 yr necessitate the reevaluation of central testing
 procedures to ensure that they are cost effective and
 appropriate for current test objectives. The objective of this
 study was to evaluate the potential for reducing the length of
 evaluation from 140 d to either 112 or 84 d. Data evaluated
 were postweaning feedlot performance test records (collected
 from 1977 to 1986) on 1,830 individually fed bulls. Bulls
 representing 13 breeds (n > 25 per breed) were evaluated in
 the University of Arkansas Cooperative Bull Tests at
 Fayetteville, Hope, and Monticello, Arkansas. Models were fit
 for ADG, daily feed intake (FI) and feed conversion (FCONV)
 from d 1 to d 140 (ADG1-140, FI1-140 and FCONV1-140,
 respectively) and from d 1 to d 112 (ADG1-112, FI1-112 and
 FCONV1-112, respectively). Models fit for ADG1-140, FI1-140,
 and FCONV1-140 using information up to d 112 had R2 of .90,
 .99, .88, and .94, respectively, and using information up to d
 84 had R2 of .82, .94, and .80, respectively. Spearman rank
 correlation coefficients (all P < .0001) were .93 for ADG1-140
 and ADG1-112, .93 for ADG1-112 and ADG1-84, .99 for FI1-140
 and FI1-112, .91 for FCONV1-140 and FCONV1-112, and .90 for
 FCONV1-112 and FCONV1-84. These coefficients indicate that
 bulls ranked similarly for performance traits at 84, 112, and
 140 d. If the primary objective of central station testing is
 to evaluate ADG during the linear phase of growth, and if
 testing procedures are those currently recommended by the Beef
 Improvement Federation, then feeding bulls beyond 112 d has no
 advantage because the information upon which selection
 decisions are made is similar at both 112 and 140 d.
 
 
 126                                    NAL Call. No.: TX373.M4
 The effects of castration, preslaughter stress and zeranol
 implants on beef. 1. The texture of loin steaks from bovine
 males.
 Jeremiah, L.E.; Newman, J.A.; Tong, A.K.W.; Gibson, L.L.
 Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1988.
 Meat science v. 22 (2): p. 83-101; 1988.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Bovidae; Male animals; Castration; Zeranol;
 Transport; Stress; Steaks; Texture
 
 
 127                                    NAL Call. No.: TX373.M4
 The effects of castration, preslaughter stress and zeranol
 implants on beef. 2. Cooking properties and flavor of loin
 steaks from bovine males. Jeremiah, L.E.; Newman, J.A.; Tong,
 A.K.W.; Gibson, L.L.
 Essex : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers; 1988.
 Meat science v. 22 (2): p. 103-121; 1988.  Includes
 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Bovidae; Male animals; Castration; Zeranol;
 Transport; Stress; Steaks; Cooking; Flavors
 
 
 128                                  NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442
 Effects of dietary energy source and creep feeding on calf
 performance after feedlot arrival.
 Loerch, S.C.; Fluharty, F.L.
 Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural
 Research and Development Center; 1992 Mar.
 Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (92-1): p. 53-56;
 1992 Mar.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Calves; Feedlots; Creep
 feeding; Fattening performance; Growth; Silage; Postweaning
 interval
 
 
 129                             NAL Call. No.: KF27.S638 1988d
 Effects of drought on agribusiness and rural economy hearing
 before the Subcommittee on Energy and Agriculture of the
 Committee on Small Business, House of Representatives, One
 Hundredth Congress, second session, Washington, DC, July 13,
 1988.
 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business.
 Subcommittee on Energy and Agriculture
 Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of
 Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1988; Y 4.Sm
 1:100-55. iii, 93 p. : ill., 1 map ; 24 cm.  Distributed to
 some depository libraries in microfiche.  Serial no. 100-55.
 
 Language:  English; English
 
 Descriptors: Droughts; Economic aspects; United States;
 Livestock; United States; Effect of drought on; Plants, Effect
 of drought on; United States
 
 
 130                                  NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442
 Effects of energy level and protein source on performance and
 rumen function of newly arrived feedlot steers.
 Fluharty, F.L.; Loerch, S.C.
 Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural
 Research and Development Center; 1990 Mar.
 Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (90-2): p.
 109-123; 1990 Mar. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Protein sources;
 Rumen digestion; Fattening performance; Growth; Energy;
 Soybeans; Maize; Blood meal; Silage
 
 
 131                                   NAL Call. No.: 49.9 AU72
 The effects of fasting and cold stress on dark-cutting and
 bruising in cattle. Warner, R.D.; Eldridge, G.A.; Barnett,
 J.L.; Halpin, C.G.; Cahill, D.J. Sydney : Pergamon Press;
 1986.
 Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production v.
 16: p. 383-386; 1986.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Fasting; Cold stress; Meat quality;
 Bruising; Ph; Color
 
 
 132                                  NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442
 Effects of fat level, protein level and protein source on
 performance of newly arrived feedlot steers.
 Fluharty, F.L.; Loerch, S.C.
 Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural
 Research and Development Center; 1991 Mar.
 Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (91-2): p. 1-11;
 1991 Mar. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Protein sources;
 Protein uptake; Fat absorption; Blood meal; Soybeans; Urea;
 Fattening performance; Growth
 
 
 133                                    NAL Call. No.: SF191.F5
 Effects of feedlot environment, implants and vitamin A on the
 performance of crossbred steers fed during the summer.
 Baker, F.S. Jr; Kunkle, W.E.; Palmer, A.Z.; Wakeman, D.L.
 Gainesville, Fla. : The Service; 1988.
 Florida beef cattle research report - Florida Cooperative
 Extension Service, University of Florida. p. 129-137; 1988. 
 Includes statistical data.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Florida; Steers; Cattle fattening; Cattle feedlot
 soils; Concrete; Shading; Pens; Implantation; Weight gain;
 Feed conversion efficiency; Carcass quality; Summer; Dressing
 percentage
 
 
 134                                  NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442
 Effects of FermWay on feedlot cattle performance.
 Loerch, S.C.
 Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural
 Research and Development Center; 1991 Mar.
 Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (91-2): p. 12-17;
 1991 Mar.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Biofermal; Fattening
 performance; Growth; Silage; Maize
 
 
 135                                    NAL Call. No.: TP368.I7
 The effects of handling, transport, slaughter and chilling on
 meat quality and yield in pigs--a review.
 Tarrant, P.V.
 Dublin : Teagasc; 1989.
 Irish journal of food science and technology v. 13 (2): p.
 79-107; 1989. Literature review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ireland; Pigs; Handling; Transport; Slaughter;
 Chilling; Meat yield; Food quality
 
 
 136                                    NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
 The effects of long-term individual vs. group housing on the
 sexual behavior of beef bulls.
 Price, E.O.; Wallach, S.J.R.; Silver, G.V.
 Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V.; 1990 Oct.
 Applied animal behaviour science v. 27 (4): p. 277-285; 1990
 Oct.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef bulls; Cattle housing; Groups; Sexual
 behavior; Reproductive performance
 
 
 137                                    NAL Call. No.: SF601.B6
 Effects of lonophore management programs on performance of
 feedlot cattle. Malcolm, K.J.; Branine, M.E.; Galyean, M.L.
 Santa Barbara, Calif. : Veterinary Practice Publishing
 Company; 1992 Jul. Agri-Practice v. 13 (7): p. 7-8, 12-14, 16;
 1992 Jul.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: New Mexico; Beef cattle; Ionophores; Feedlots;
 Fattening performance; Rotation
 
 
 138                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Effects of nutrient deficiencies and excesses on reproductive
 efficiency of livestock.
 Dunn, T.G.; Moss, G.E.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1992
 May. Journal of animal science v. 70 (5): p. 1580-1593; 1992
 May.  Literature review.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Cattle; Sheep; Grazing; Retinol; Protein intake;
 Nutrition; Estrous cycle; Reproductive efficiency; Lh; Plane
 of nutrition; Gnrh; Literature reviews
 
 Abstract:  Successful reproduction is dependent on a host of
 macro- and micronutrients and ceases well before an animal
 expires from deficiency of a particular nutrient. This review
 focuses on the functional roles phosphorus, vitamin A and
 beta-carotene, protein, and energy play in reproductive
 processes. Although it is not known whether deficiencies of
 these nutrients limit reproduction through common or discrete
 mechanisms, appropriate quantities of these nutrients are
 required for optimal reproduction. Mechanisms through which
 nutritional status is perceived by the hypothalamic-pituitary-
 gonadal axis remain unclear but seem to impinge on
 hypothalamic regions that selectively regulate production and
 release of pituitary trophic hormones. Body condition, or
 degree of fatness, seems to be the most reliable indicator of
 well-being of an animal, and when coupled with changes in BW,
 provides a useful method to assess reproductive potential.
 
 
 139                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Effects of placing cattle on feed at two-month intervals and
 housing on feedlot performance and carcass grades.
 Pusillo, G.M.; Hoffman, M.P.; Self, H.L.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991
 Feb. Journal of animal science v. 69 (2): p. 443-450; 1991
 Feb.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Feedlots; Cattle housing; Seasonal
 variation; Feed intake; Liveweight gain; Feed conversion
 efficiency; Carcass yield; Carcass quality
 
 Abstract:  A 5-yr study was conducted involving the placement
 of yearling steers on feed at 2-mo intervals under three
 different housing systems. A total of 3,571 steers (180 pens)
 initially average 318 kg was used. Evaluations were made for
 DM intake ADG, feed efficiency (FE), carcass quality (QG), and
 yield grades (YG). Cattle were assigned to either an open lot
 with overhead shelter (S), an open lot without overhead
 shelter (NS), or an open-front confinement building (C). Each
 treatment consisted of two lots of 20 steers each per interval
 per trial. Corn grain provided 85% of the energy; the
 remainder was supplied by corn silage arid protein supplement.
 Cattle were fed 140 to 180 d to achieve an average slaughter
 weight of 500 kg. The main effects of year (Y), month (M), and
 housing (H) affected DM intake, ADG, FE, and final live weight
 (P <.01). The interactions for Y X M, M X H and Y X M X H
 affected ADG (P <.05). Month and H affected hot carcass weight
 (P < .01). Year affected YG, and year and month affected QG (P
 < .01). Month effects on DM intake and ADG indicated that
 cattle started in May had the highest intake and ADG (P < .05)
 and that cattle started in November had the lowest (P < .05)
 DMI and ADG. Month effects on FE indicated that cattle were
 most efficient when placed on feed during March, May, and July
 (5.82, 5.72, and 5.66 kg DM/kg gain; P < .05). Housing effects
 indicated that S cattle had the highest DM intake, ADG, and FE
 (7.79, 1.29, and 6.15 kg; P < .05) and that C had the lowest
 DM intake and ADG (6.97 and 1.09 kg; P < .05). Body
 composition, as determined by YG and QG, was relatively
 unaffected by the season or housing. These results indicate
 that starting time on feed and housing system significantly
 influenced cattle feedlot performance without influencing body
 composition.
 
 
 140                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Effects of preconditioning on performance of beef calves
 before and after entering the feedlot.
 Peterson, E.B.; Strohbehn, D.R.; Ladd, G.W.; Willham, R.L.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1989
 Jul. Journal of animal science v. 67 (7): p. 1678-1686; 1989
 Jul.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Calves; Creep feeding; Castration;
 Polling; Vaccination
 
 
 141                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Effects of preconditioning on pre- and post-shipment
 performance of feeder calves.
 Pritchard, R.H.; Mendez, J.K.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1990
 Jan. Journal of animal science v. 68 (1): p. 28-34; 1990 Jan. 
 This record corrects ID No. 90013323 which was incorrectly
 entered as issue 19.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Adaptation; Conditioning;
 Transport of animals; Feedlots; Weight losses; Fattening
 performance; Beef production
 
 
 142                                  NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442
 Effects of protein level and protein source on performance of
 newly arrived feedlot steers.
 Fluharty, F.L.; Loerch, S.C.
 Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural
 Research and Development Center; 1992 Mar.
 Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (92-1): p. 57-73;
 1992 Mar. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Calves; Feedlots; Protein
 sources; Fattening performance; Growth; Nutrient requirements;
 Crude protein; Soybeans; Blood meal; Postweaning interval;
 Urea
 
 
 143                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin and dietary energy
 intake on growth, secretion of luteinizing hormone, follicular
 development, and onset of puberty in beef heifers.
 Hall, J.B.; Schillo, K.K.; Fitzgerald, B.P.; Bradley, N.W.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1994
 Mar. Journal of animal science v. 72 (3): p. 709-717; 1994
 Mar.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Heifers; Somatotropin; Energy intake; Lh; Hormone
 secretion; Age; Puberty; Follicles; Body weight; Liveweight
 gain; Height; Blood plasma; Insulin; Blood sugar; Urea
 
 Abstract:  The effects of dietary energy and recombinant
 bovine somatotropin (bST) on pattern of LH release, follicular
 development, and onset of puberty were studied in 40 Angus
 heifers. At 7 mo of age, heifers were assigned to a 2 X 2
 factorial experiment; the main effects were dietary energy
 (high [HDE]: 14.15 Mcal of ME/d or moderate [MDE]: 10.84 Mcal
 of ME/d) and somatotropin (bST; 350 mg every 2 wk or vehicle).
 Beginning at 9 mo of age, heifers were observed twice daily
 for estrous activity. From 10.5 to 12 mo of age, five heifers
 from each treatment group were selected for weekly ultrasound
 examination of ovarian structures and biweekly sequential
 blood sampling to determine concentrations of LH. Somatotropin
 treatment altered intermediary metabolism in a manner
 consistent with enhanced accretion of lean tissue and
 decreased deposition of fat. The HDE heifers were younger (P <
 .001) at puberty than the MDE heifers, but BW at puberty was
 not different among treatment groups. Age and body weight at
 puberty were not affected by bST. Frequency of LH pulses
 increased within the 10.5 to 12 mo of age sampling window in
 HDE-treated heifers but not in MDE heifers (dietary energy X
 month of age; P < .02). Secretion of LH was unaffected by bST.
 Ovaries of bST-treated heifers tended (P < .09) to have fewer
 follicles > 5 mm in diameter than those of vehicle-treated
 heifers. We conclude that chronic treatment with bST did not
 alter age at puberty or pattern of LH release in heifers and
 that even modest differences in energy intake influence the
 timing of the prepubertal increase in pulsatile LH release.
 
 
 144                                  NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442
 Effects of restricting intake of high energy diets on the
 performance of feedlot cattle.
 Loerch, S.C.
 Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural
 Research and Development Center; 1990 Mar.
 Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (90-2): p. 98-108;
 1990 Mar. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Ohio; Beef cattle; Feedlots; Concentrates;
 Monensin; Feed supplements; Protein sources; Fattening
 performance; Growth
 
 
 145                                  NAL Call. No.: SF207.B442
 Effects of roughage level and timing of roughage inclusion on
 performance of feedlot cattle.
 Loerch, S.C.; Fluharty, F.L.
 Wooster, Ohio : The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural
 Research and Development Center; 1992 Mar.
 Ohio beef cattle research & industry report (92-1): p. 36-44;
 1992 Mar. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Feedlots; Roughage; Fattening
 performance; Maize; Silage
 
 
 146                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3A
 Effects of shipping, handling, adrenocorticotropic hormone,
 and epinephrine on alpha-tocopherol content of bovine blood.
 Sconberg, S.; Nockels, C.F.; Bennett, B.W.; Bruynickx, W.;
 Blancquaert, A.M.B.; Craig, A.M.
 Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical Association;
 1993 Aug. American journal of veterinary research v. 54 (8):
 p. 1287-1293; 1993 Aug. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Alpha-tocopherol; Stress; Transport
 of animals; Handling; Corticotropin; Epinephrine; Blood
 plasma; Erythrocytes; Neutrophils; Creatine kinase; Enzyme
 activity; Blood sampling
 
 Abstract:  In 2 studies, plasma, erythrocyte, and neutrophil
 alpha-tocopherol concentrations were monitored in beef cattle
 after shipping, handling, and sample collection. On the basis
 of alpha-tocopherol results, an additional 2 studies were
 designed to measure the effects of administration of
 adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and epinephrine on the
 alpha-tocopherol concentration in the aforementioned blood
 constituents and on creatine kinase (CK) activity in Holstein
 calves. In the first of these studies, 15 beef cattle that had
 recently arrived at the feedlot consumed feed supplemented
 daily with 1,000 IU of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. Values for
 initial blood samples indicated that CK activity was high.
 Although plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration indicated that
 vitamin supplementation was adequate, RBC and neutrophil
 alpha-tocopherol values were generallynondetectable. After 4
 weeks of supplementation, plasma alpha-tocopherol
 concentration increased (P < 0.05), and neutrophil and RBC
 alpha-tocopherol values became measurable in most of the
 cattle. In the second study, 6 beef heifers had decreased (P <
 0.05) plasma, RBC, and neutrophil alpha-tocopherol values
 after multiple periods of handling and blood sample
 collection. In the third and fourth studies, 10 tamed Holstein
 heifer calves, 5 of which were administered ACTH and
 epinephrine to simulate stress effects on blood alpha-
 tocopherol concentrations and CK activity. In study 3, the
 vitamin E-adequate heifers had increased blood CK (P < 0.001)
 activity and cortisol (P < 0.01) concentration, and decreased
 (P < 0.05) neutrophil alpha-tocopherol concentration after
 hormone injections. In study 4, when vitamin E-deficient
 calves received the aforementioned hormones, CK activity
 increased (P < 0.05) and RBC alpha-tocopherol concentration
 decreased (P < 0.05), whereas plasma and neutrophil values did
 not change. These results indicate that shipping and handling,
 or the stress paradigm of ACTH and epinephrine injections, may
 reduce the alpha-tocopherol content of plasma, RBC, and
 neutrophils while increasing plasma CK activity, which
 indicates membrane destruction.
 
 
 147                                NAL Call. No.: SF779.5.A1B6
 Effects of slatted flooring on claw shape in intensively
 housed fattening beef cattle.
 Murphy, P.A.; Hannan, J.
 Stillwater, Okla. : American Association of Bovine
 Practitioners; 1987 Nov. The Bovine practitioner (22): p.
 133-135. ill; 1987 Nov.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Cattle fattening; Slatted floors;
 Intensive livestock farming; Cattle housing; Hoof and claw
 diseases; Lameness; Abrasion
 
 
 148                                   NAL Call. No.: SB599.J69
 Effects of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) and heat stress on
 weight gain and feed conversion of feeder cattle.
 Campbell, J.B.; Catangui, M.A.; Thomas, G.D.; Boxler, D.J.;
 Davis, R. Clemson, SC : South Carolina Entomological Society,
 c1984-; 1993 Jul. Journal of agricultural entomology v. 10
 (3): p. 155-161; 1993 Jul.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Cattle; Stomoxys calcitrans; Heat stress; Weight
 gain; Feed conversion
 
 
 149                                    NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
 Effects of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) and heat stress on
 weight gain and feed efficiency of feeder cattle.
 Wieman, G.A.; Campbell, J.B.; Deshazer, J.A.; Berry, I.L.
 Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Oct.
 Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (5): p. 1835-1842; 1992
 Oct.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Nebraska; Cattle breeds; Crossbreds; Stomoxys
 calcitrans; Adverse effects; Bites; Crowding; Heat stress;
 Liveweight gain; Pens; Screens
 
 Abstract:  Cattle respond to the feeding of stable flies,
 Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), by bunching to protect their front
 legs. This bunching can increase heat stress which indirectly
 accounts for much of the reduction in cattle weight gains. We
 used fly-screened, self-contained feedlot pens which allowed
 regulation of fly populations feeding on cattle. The indirect
 fly effects (bunching and heat stress) accounted for 71.5% of
 the reduced weight gain. The direct effect of the biting flies
 and energy loss involved in fighting flies accounted for 28.5%
 of the reduced weight gain.
 
 
 150                                  NAL Call. No.: 389.79 M76
 Effects of stress and organic probiotics on the performance of
 weaned beef calves.
 Ansotegui, R.; Clark, C.; Wiley, S.; Gray, D.
 Bozeman, Mont. : Animal and Range Science Dept. and Montana
 Cooperative Extension Service, Montana State University,
 Bozeman, in cooperation with the Montana Feed Association,;
 1992.
 Proceedings of the ... Montana Livestock Nutrition Conference
 (45): p. 10.1-10.4.; 1992.  Meeting held January 30-31, 1992,
 Bozeman, Montana. Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Montana; Cabt; Calves; Liveweight gain; Rumen
 bacteria; Stress; Cost benefit analysis; Transport
 
 
 151                                    NAL Call. No.: SF961.A5
 The effects of stress on the immunology of the stocker calf.
 Von Tungeln, D.L.
 Stillwater, Okla. : The Association; 1985, reprinted 1986.
 Proceedings ... annual convention - American Association of
 Bovine Practitioners 1986). (18th): p. 109-112; 1985,
 reprinted 1986.  Includes 18 references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Calves; Stress; Immunology;
 Environment; Transport; Hematology; Metabolism; Cortisol;
 Glucocorticoids
 
 
 152                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Effects of synthetic hormone implants, singularly or in
 combinations, on performance, carcass traits, and longissimus
 muscle palatability of Holstein steers.
 Apple, J.K.; Dikeman, M.E.; Simms, D.D.; Kuhl, G.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1991
 Nov. Journal of animal science v. 69 (11): p. 4437-4448; 1991
 Nov.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Steers; Synthetic hormones; Feed conversion;
 Performance; Controlled release; Feed intake; Carcass yield;
 Muscles; Skinning; Beef; Shear strength; Tenderness; Sensory
 evaluation
 
 Abstract:  Seventy-two Holstein steers averaging 182 kg were
 assigned randomly to one of six treatment groups: 1)
 nonimplanted controls (C); 2) implanted with 36 mg of zeranol
 (Z); 3) implanted with 20 mg of estradiol benzoate and 200 mg
 of progesterone (EP); 4) implanted with 140 mg of trenbolone
 acetate (TBA); 5) implanted with 140 mg of trenbolone acetate
 plus 20 mg of estradiol benzoate and 200 mg of progesterone
 (TBA + EP); and 6) implanted with 140 mg of trenbolone acetate
 plus 36 mg of zeranol (TBA + Z). Each treatment group
 consisted of three replications of four animals per pen, which
 were implanted on d 0, 56, 112, and 168. Masculinity and
 muscling scores were assigned at 24 h preslaughter. Hide
 removal difficulty was scored by a plant supervisor. Quality
 and yield grade data were obtained at 24 h postmortem.
 Longissimus muscle (LM) steaks were removed and cooked for
 Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) determinations and sensory panel
 (SP) evaluations. Over the entire feeding period (249 d), TBA
 + EP steers had higher (P < .05) ADG than TBA + Z, TBA, and C
 steers. All treatments had higher (P < .05) ADG than C, with
 the exception of TBA. The only feed efficiency differences
 were those following the 168-d implant time, when TBA steers
 were more (P < .05) efficient than TBA + Z or C steers. The
 TBA + EP and TBA + Z steers were more (P < .05) masculine and
 their hides were more (P < .05) difficult to remove than those
 of EP and C steers. Carcass weights of TBA + EP steers were
 heavier (P < .05) than those of TBA or C steers. The TBA + EP
 steers had larger (P < .05) LM areas than Z, TBA, and C
 steers. Also, TBA + EP steers tended (P = .07) to have lower
 numerical yield grades than EP, Z, or C steers. Even though
 mean marbling scores and quality grades were similar (P > .05)
 among treatment groups, only 50% of TBA + EP carcasses graded
 low Choice or higher, compared with 100, 75, 82, 90, and 83%
 for C, TBA, Z, EP, and TBA + Z carcasses, respectively. The
 only meat palatability
 
 
 153                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163
 The effects of the stress of weaning and transit on
 performance and metabolic profile of beef calves of different
 genotypes.
 Phillips, W.A.; Juniewicz, P.E.; Zavy, M.T.; Von Tungeln, D.L.
 Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1987 Dec.
 Canadian journal of animal science v. 67 (4): p. 991-999; 1987
 Dec.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Calves; Genotypes; Weaning; Stress;
 Transport of animals; Body weight; Metabolism
 
 
 154                                 NAL Call. No.: 100 OK4 (3)
 Effects of Tilmicosin or Ceftiofur on health and performance
 of shipping stressed stocker cattle.
 Smith, R.A.; Van Koevering, M.T.; Gill, D.R.; Ball, R.L.
 Stillwater, Okla. : The Station; 1991 Jun.
 Miscellaneous publication - Agricultural Experiment Station,
 Oklahoma State University (134): p. 152-155; 1991 Jun. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Cattle; Transport; Respiratory diseases; Drug
 effects
 
 
 155                                   NAL Call. No.: 41.8 C163
 Effects of transport and electrolyte supplementation on ion
 concentrations, carcass yield and quality in bulls.
 Schaefer, A.L.; Jones, S.D.M.; Tong, A.K.W.; Young, B.A.
 Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1990 Mar.
 Canadian journal of animal science v. 70 (1): p. 107-119; 1990
 Mar.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef bulls; Electrolytes retention; Electrolytes;
 Ions; Supplementary feeding; Transport of animals; Stress;
 Beef quality; Carcass yield
 
 
 156                                    NAL Call. No.: QL750.A6
 The effects of twinning and maternal experience on maternal-
 filial social relationships in confined beef cattle.
 Price, E.O.; Smith, V.M.; Thos, J.; Anderson, G.B.
 Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.; 1986 May.
 Applied animal behaviour science v. 15 (2): p. 137-146; 1986
 May.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cattle; Hereford; Calves; Dams (mothers);
 Maternal behavior; Twins; Attachment behavior; Milk production
 
 
 157                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 The effects of two shipping treatments on the carcass
 characteristics of bulls implanted with zeranol and
 unimplanted steers.
 Jones, S.D.M.; Newman, J.A.; Tong, A.K.W.; Martin, A.H.;
 Robertson, W.M. Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal
 Science; 1986 Jun. Journal of animal science v. 62 (6): p.
 1602-1608; 1986 Jun.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Bulls; Steers; Zeranol; Implantation; Carcass
 composition; Transport of animals; Stress; Carcass quality
 
 
 158                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Effects of zeranol implantation and late castration on sexual,
 agonistic and handling behavior in male feedlot cattle.
 Baker, A.M.; Gonyou, H.W.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1986
 May. Journal of animal science v. 62 (5): p. 1224-1232; 1986
 May.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef bulls; Zeranol; Implantation; Castration;
 Agonistic behavior; Sexual behavior
 
 
 159                       NAL Call. No.: 18 D4825T Nr.241 1986
 Effektive Bewirtschaftung von Stallen und Anlagen der Milch-
 und Rinderproduktion unter besonderer Beachtung der Nutzung
 der Mikroelektronik und verbesserter Verfahren der
 Produktionskontrolle Vortrage einer wissenschaftlichen Tagung,
 veranstaltet vom Institut fur Rinderproduktion Iden-Rohrbeck
 aus Anlass des 65. Geburtstages seines Direktors Professor Dr.
 sc. Hans Kleiber, vom 18. bis 20. September 1985 in Iden 
 [Effective management of barns and milk and cattle production
 installations with particular attention to the use of
 microelectronics and improved production control methods]., 1.
 Aufl..
 Kleiber, Hans,
 Institut fur Rinderproduktion Iden-Rohrbeck (Akademie der
 Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der DDR)
 Berlin : Die Akademie,; 1986.
 144 p. : ill. ; 21 cm. (Tagungsbericht / Akademie der
 Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen
 Republik ; Nr. 241).  Cover title.  Summaries in English,
 German, and Russian.  Includes bibliographies.
 
 Language:  German
 
 Descriptors: Kleiber, Hans 1920-; Cattle; Congresses; Cattle;
 Housing; Environmental engineering; Congresses; Dairying;
 Technological innovations; Congresses; Beef industry;
 Technological innovations; Congresses
 
 
 160                                 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.E547
 Electricity used in farmstead operations.
 McFate, K.L.
 Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1989.
 Energy in world agriculture v. 3: p. 121-142; 1989.  In the
 series analytic: Energy in World Agriculture / edited by K.L.
 McFate.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Farming; Electricity; Electrical energy; Electric
 heaters; Milking; Dairy equipment; Ventilation; Fans; Fodder
 crops; Handling; Heating; Cooling; Dairy farming; Beef cattle;
 Pig farming; Poultry farming; Brood care; Grain drying;
 Vegetables; Storage
 
 
 161                                  NAL Call. No.: SF601.V535
 Environmental factors and calving management practices that
 affect neonatal mortality in the beef calf.
 Townsend, H.G.G.
 Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B. Saunders Company; 1994 Mar.
 The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice
 v. 10 (1): p. 119-126; 1994 Mar.  In the series analytic:
 Perinatal mortality in beef herds / edited by T.R. Kasari and
 S.E. Wikse.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Calves; Beef cattle; Newborn animals; Perinatal
 mortality; Etiology; Environmental factors; Cattle husbandry;
 Calving season; Timing; Herd structure; Cattle housing;
 Prevention; Disease control
 
 
 162                                    NAL Call. No.: 58.9 IN7
 The environmental requirements of livestock.
 Bruce, J.M.
 Silsoe : Institution of Agricultural Engineers; 1987.
 The Agricultural engineer v. 42 (4): p. 137-140; 1987. 
 Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Livestock housing; Environmental factors; Space
 requirements; Animal welfare
 
 
 163                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Estimation of the water requirement for beef production in the
 United States. Beckett, J.L.; Oltjen, J.W.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1993
 Apr. Journal of animal science v. 71 (4): p. 818-826; 1993
 Apr.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: U.S.A.; Beef cattle; Beef production; Water use;
 Irrigated pastures; Water policy; Water intake; Feeds; Water
 requirements
 
 Abstract:  A static model of developed water use for U.S.
 cattle production was constructed on a spreadsheet. Water use
 included that consumed directly by various classes of animals,
 water applied for irrigation of crops that are consumed by the
 cattle, water applied to irrigated pasture, and water used to
 process animals at marketing. Government statistics were
 consulted for numbers of cattle and crop production. The most
 recent statistics available for numbers of cattle and crops in
 individual states were used. On January 1, 1992, a total of
 33.8 million beef cows and 5.7 million replacement heifers
 were in U.S. breeding herds, 12 million animals were on feed,
 and approximately 28 million animals were fed annually. Thus,
 the U.S. beef cattle herd produced 6.9 billion kg of boneless
 beef. Beef cattle directly consumed 760 billion L of water per
 year. Feedlot cattle were fed various grain and roughage
 sources corresponding to the regions in which they were fed.
 Feeds produced in a state were preferentially used by cattle
 in that state with that state's efficiency; any additional
 feedstuffs required used water at the national efficiency.
 Irrigation of crop feedstuffs for beef cattle required 12,991
 billion L of water. Irrigated pasture for beef cattle
 production required an additional 11,243 billion L of water.
 Carcass processing required 79 billion L of water. The model
 estimates 3,682 L of developed water per kilogram of boneless
 meat for beef cattle production in the United States. The
 model was most sensitive to the dressing percentage and
 percentage of boneless yield in carcasses of feedlot cattle
 (62 and 66.7, respectively). A 10% change in either of these
 parameters resulted in a corresponding 8.6% change in the
 water required for beef production. A 10% increase in the
 number of animals on feed resulted in a decrease in the amount
 of water per kilogram of boneless beef by 5.2%. Changes in
 irrigated pasture management would also be an effective means
 of decreasing the w
 
 
 164                                      NAL Call. No.: 49 J82
 Estrous behavior in confined beef cows.
 Hurnik, J.F.; King, G.J.
 Champaign, Ill. : American Society of Animal Science; 1987
 Aug. Journal of animal science v. 65 (2): p. 431-438; 1987
 Aug.  Includes references.
 
 Language:  English
 
 Descriptors: Beef cows; Estrous behavior; Estrus;
 Progesterone; Blood
 
 
 165                                    NAL Call. No.: 41.8 Am3
 Euthanasia and slaughter of livestock.
 Grandin, T.
 Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association; 1994 May01.
 Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association v. 209
 (9): p. 1354-1360; 1994 May01.  Includes refe