Housing, Husbandry, and Welfare of Sheep and GoatsAnimal Welfare Information Center
|
Compiled By:
D'Anna J.B. Jensen
Animal Welfare Information Center, Information Centers Branch
and
Susan Chapman
Reference and User Services Branch
National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture
10301 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351
Jensen, D'Anna J.B. Housing, husbandry, and welfare of sheep and goats. (Special reference briefs ; 97-07) 1. Sheep--Bibliography. 2. Goats--Bibliography. 3. Sheep--Housing-- Bibliography. 4. Goats--Housing--Bibliography. 5. Sheep--Nutrition-- Bibliography. 6. Goats--Nutrition--Bibliography. 7. Sheep-- Behavior--Bibliography. 8. Goats--Behavior--Bibliography. 9. Cloning--Bibliography. I. Chapman, Susan, 1933-. II. Title. aS21.D27S64 no.97-07
S1 16126 (sheep or ovin? or ewe or ewes or ram or rams or
wether? or goat? or lamb? or kid or kids or kidding)
in de,ti
S2 39268 (house? or facilit? or struct? or pen or pens or
crate? or confin? or corral? or handl?) in de,ti
S3 42460 transport? or behavio?r? or barn or barns or fence?
or fencing or stress? or distress? or welfare or
well being or human) in de,ti,id
S4 70637 (diet? or nutrit? or husbandry or rais? or farm?)
in de,ti
S5 144214 S2 or S3 or S4
S6 28078 (L100 or L300 or L500 or N100) in CC
S7 20311 (LL100 or LL110 or LL120 or LL140 or LL190 or LL300
or LL810)
S8 48389 S6 or S7
S9 21604 S5 or S8
S10 1550 S1 and S9
S11 9154 (clone or clones or cloning) in de,ti,id
S12 103 S11 and S1
S13 1652 S12 or S10
S14 603 S13 not (py <1995)
1
The 1996 B.S.D.A. study tour. Sheep dairying in Tuscany.
Mills O Sheep-Dairy-News v.13(1): p.3-7 (1996)
Descriptors: ewe-milk; massese; animal-health; sheep-farming; farming-systems; dairy-farms;
ewes; sheep-breeds; comisana; delle-langhe
2 NAL Call No.: QP33.J681
Absorption of short-chain fatty acids across ruminal epithelium of sheep.
Kramer, T.; Michelberger, T.; Gurtler, H.; Gabel, G. J-comp-physiol,-B-Biochem-syst-environ-physiol v.166(4): p.262-269. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; rumen-epithelium; short-chain-fatty-acids; digestive-absorption; propionic-acid; nutrient-transport; ph; sodium; hydrogen-ions; chloride; nitrate; metabolic-inhibitors;
cation-exchange; anion-exchange; carbon; anions; in-vitro; bicarbonate
Abstract: Investigations on the absorption of short-chain fatty acids across ruminal epithelium of sheep were performed both in vitro (Ussing chamber technique, using propionic acid representatively for short-chain fatty acids) and in vivo (washed, isolated reticulorumen). A pH-induced, nearly tenfold increase in the concentration of undissociated propionate led to an only twofold increase in mucosal-to-serosal flux of propionate (in vitro). Neither amiloride (1 mmol.l-1, in vitro) nor theophylline (10 mmol.l-1, in vivo), inhibitors of the ruminal Na+/H+ exchanger, exerted and significant influence on propionate fluxes or short-chain fatty acids absorption, respectively. Total replacement of luminal Na+ (by choline) did not alter short-chain fatty acids absorption (in vivo). Mucosal 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2'2'-disulfonic acid (0.1 mmol.l-1) or mucosal nitrate (40 mmol.l-1) markedly reduced propionate net flux (in vitro). Increasing mucosal Cl- concentration brought about a significant drop in mucosal-to-serosal flux of propionate (in vitro) and in short-chain fatty acids net absorption (in vivo), respectively. The results obtained suggest that short-chain fatty acids are absorbed both as anions and as undissociated acids across ruminal epithelium of sheep. It is concluded that short-chain fatty acids anions either compete with Cl- for binding sites at a common anion-exchange mechanism or that they are absorbed by an short-chain fatty acids anion/HCO3(-) exchanger indirectly coupled to a Cl-/HCO3(-) exchanger via intracellular bicarbonate.
3 NAL Call No.: 382-So12
Acacia saligna as a fodder tree for desert livestock and the interaction of its tannins with
fibre fractions.
Degen, A. A.; Becker, K.; Makkar, H. P. S.; Borowy, N. J-sci-food-agric v.68(1): p.65-71. (1995
May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: livestock-farming; tannins; acacia-saligna; nitrogen; fiber; fodder; deserts; sheep;
goats
Abstract: Acacia saligna was examined as potential fodder for sheep (27.4 kg) and goats (14.8 kg) raised in arid and semi-arid areas. This leguminous tree remains green all year and can be grown in deserts using only runoff water. Phyllodes collected in March had a crude protein content of 12.5% dry matter (DM) and high tannin content (tannins as tannic acid equivalent to 11.3% and condensed tannins as leucocyanidin equivalent to 8.3% DM). DM intake was low, amounting to 0.80% and 1.05% body mass daily for sheep and goats, respectively. Sheep lost 227 g day-1 and goats 196 g day-1 while on this diet. Dry matter, organic matter and energy digestibilities were low in both species but were higher for goats than for sheep, and negative digestibilities were measured for acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL). Metabolisable energy intake for goats was 121.9 kJ kg -0.75 day-1 and for sheep was 78 6 kJ kg -0.75 day-1. Apparent N digestibility was 17.5% and 0.9% for goats and sheep, respectively, and both species were in negative N balance of 0.25-0.30 g kg-0.75 day-1. Total water intake and output were higher in sheep than in goats. Extractable tannins were virtually absent in faeces in both species however, output of condensed tannins and protein in the ADF and ADL fractions were substantially higher. This showed the presence of tannin-protein complexes in these fractions which explained the negative digestibilities of ADF and ADL. It was concluded that Acacia saligna could not be used as a sole dietary source for small ruminants because of low intake and negative nitrogen balance. This was due mainly to the high tannin content. However, the tree might have a potential as a supplementary fodder due to its high crude protein content.
4 NAL Call No.: SB111.A2T72
Adapted livestock management in the tropical rain forest of Latin America. Angepasste
Tierhaltung im tropischen Regenwald von Lateinamerika. Erfahrungen bei der einfuhrung
von afrikanischen Haarschafen in kleinbauerliche Betriebe in Ecuador.
Kaiser D; Klinge E Tropenlandwirt v.96(October): p.207-219; 17 ref (1995)
Descriptors: rain-forests; tropical-rain-forests; tropical-forests; agroforestry-systems;
development-projects; sheep-feeding; grazing; crop-residues; plantations; bananas; pawpaws;
grasslands; animal-husbandry; lambing-rate; birth-weight; economics; management; coffee;
cocoa; farms; peasantry; agroforestry; agrosilvopastoral-systems
5 NAL Call No.: 10-J822
Administration in suspension-form of n-alkane external markers for dry matter intake and
diet selection studies.
Marais, J. P.; Figenschou, D. L.; Escott Watson, P. L.; Webber, L. N. J-agric-sci v.126(pt.2):
p.207-210. (1996 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; rumen-digestion; pennisetum-clandestinum; hay; particle-size; dry-matter;
feed-intake; alkanes; suspensions; xanthan; markers; feeding-preferences; dosage-effects; feces-composition
6 NAL Call No.: SF756.7.I57 1995
Age at tail docking affects physiology and behaviour of lambs.
Rhodes RC; McAndrews K; Nippo MM; Rutter SM (ed.); Rushen J (ed.); Randle HD(ed.);
Eddison JC Proceedings of the 29th International Congress of the International Society for
Applied
Descriptors: docking; animal-behaviour; lambs; tail
7 NAL Call No.: SF85.A1R32
Albania's range and pasture lands.
George, M. R. Rangelands v.17(6): p.194-198. (1995 Dec.)
Descriptors: agricultural-land; private-ownership; land-use; land-management; rangelands;
pastures; quercus; fuelwood; coppice; water-erosion; cattle-farming; sheep-farming; forage;
fodder; albania
8 NAL Call No.: SF380.I52
Ammoniation of moldy and nonmoldy prairie hay and its feeding value for sheep.
Khan, M. F.; Smith, G. S.; Rankins, D. L. Jr. Small-rumin-res v.15(3): p.209-216. (1995 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; hay; ammoniated-feeds; fungi; fiber-content; nitrogen-content; feed-intake;
digestibility; body-weight; dry-matter; organic-matter; nitrogen-balance; blood-serum; blood-chemistry; enzyme-activity; blood-sugar; poisoning; liver; enzymes; kidneys; nutritive-value;
elymus-smithii
9 NAL Call No.: QL750.A6
Amount of experience and prior illness affect the acquisition and persistence of conditioned
food aversions in lambs.
Burritt EA; Provenza FD Applied-Animal-Behaviour-Science v.48(1-2): p.73-80; 15 ref (1996)
Descriptors: lithium-chloride; learning; behaviour; feeding; lambs; oats; wheat; rice; learning-ability; feed-intake; feeding-preferences; toxic-substances; food-intake; feeding-behaviour
10 NAL Call No.: 41.8-V641
Anaemia in housed newborn lambs.
Bassett, J. M.; Borrett, R. A.; Hanson, C.; Parsons, R.; Wolfensohn, S. E. Vet-rec v.136(6):
p.137-140. (1995 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lambs; newborn-animals; anemia; mineral-supplements; iron; intramuscular-injection; disease-prevention; growth-rate; age-differences; hematocrit
11
Analysis of biomass balance and stocking rate in cattle and sheep production systems in
Mediterranean areas.
Pulina G; Masala G; Zanda A; Enne G Medit v.6(1): p.27-30; 22 ref (1995)
Descriptors: environmental-impact; environmental-degradation; livestock-farming; models;
stocking-rate; soil-degradation; grassland-management; grasslands; Mediterranean-grasslands;
grazing; overgrazing; erosion
12 NAL Call No.: QL55.J55
Analysis of sexual behavior in rams (Ovis aries).
Odagiri, K.; Matsuzawa, Y.; Yoshikawa, Y. Exp-anim v.44(3): p.187-192. (1995 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; rams; sexual-behavior; behavior-patterns; movement
13 NAL Call No.: 60.19-B773
Animal production evaluation of herbage varieties. 2. Comparison of Aberystwyth S184,
AberEndura and Grasslands Huia white clovers.
Davies DA; Fothergill M; Daniel GJ; Morgan CT Grass-and-Forage-Science v.50(3): p.227-240;
36 ref (1995)
Descriptors: herbage; grasslands; clovers; liveweight-gain; cultivars; sheep-feeding; persistence;
cutting; lamb-production; legumes; nutritive-value; fodder-legumes
14 NAL Call No.: 23-Au783
Animal production under a series of Pinus radiata-pasture agroforestry systems in south-west Victoria, Australia.
Bird, P. R.; Kellas, J. D.; Kearney, G. A.; Cumming, K. N. Aust-j-agric-res v.46(6): p.1299-1310. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep-farming; agroforestry-systems; pinus-radiata; pastures; plant-density;
grazing; browsing-damage; liveweight-gain; wool-production; victoria
15 NAL Call No.: TS1950.M433
Animal trade, welfare regulations.
Gregory NG Meat-Focus-International v.4(12): p.504-508 (1995)
Descriptors: european-union; beef; gatt; meat-hygiene; lambs; international-trade; animal-welfare; trade-in-animals; legislation; EU
16 NAL Call No.: RA639.M44
Anopheles arabiensis and An. gambiae chromosomal inversion polymorphism, feeding and
resting behaviour in relation to insecticide house-spraying in Tanzania.
Mnzava AEP; Rwegoshora RT; Wilkes TJ; Tanner M; Curtis CF Medical-and-Veterinary-Entomology v.9(3): p.316-324; 25 ref (1995)
Descriptors: chromosome-inversion; feeding-behaviour; pyrethroids; organochlorine-insecticides; cytogenetics; resting-places; disease-vectors; chemical-control; vector-control;
DDT; lambda-cyhalothrin; control; insecticides; dwellings; genetics; inversion-polymorphism
17 NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
Apparent digestibility of minerals by lactating cows from a total mixed ration
supplemented with poultry litter.
Ben Ghedalia, D.; Miron, J.; Yosef, E. J-dairy-sci v.79(3): p.454-458. (1996 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-cows; poultry-manure; digestibility; dietary-minerals; calcium; phosphorus;
magnesium; potassium; bioavailability; drinking-water; chemical-composition; intake; trace-elements; sheep; israel
Abstract: Apparent digestibility of minerals by lactating cows from a multiple-component, conventional Israeli TMR (control) and from a TMR containing 10% poultry litter (DM basis) was examined. Ten cows in early lactation were divided into two groups of similar performance (39 kg of milk/d) and fed for ad libitum intake the two TMR for 28 d. Poultry litter contributed, as a percentage of total requirements, 44.4% of Ca, 41.0% of P, 32.0% of S, 22.8% of Mg, and 25.9% of K. Apparent digestibility of the macroelements was higher for cows fed the TMR supplemented with poultry litter than for those fed the control TMR. Apparent digestibility of the control TMR was 22.3% for Ca, 29.4% for Mg, 39.1% for P, and 62.2% for S; the apparent digestibility of the treatment TMR was 30.1% for Ca, 45.6% for Mg, 45.3% for P, and 65.6% for S. Poultry litter contributed the entire requirements of Zn, Mn, and Co; 56% of Cu; and 32% of Se. The apparent digestibility of the control TMR was 15.6% for Cu, 39.6% for Zn, 8.51% for Mn, 42.8% for Co, and 41.6% for Se, and the apparent digestibility of the treatment TMR was 27.9% for Cu, 54.0% for Zn, 17.8% for Mn, 37.0% for Co, and 63.9% for Se. Poultry litter is a good source of macro- and microelements for lactating cows and, at 10% of the TMR, could ensure against mineral deficiencies.
18 NAL Call No.: 280.8-J822
Approximating farm-level returns to incremental advertising expenditure: methods and an
application to the Australian meat industry.
Piggott, R. R.; Piggott, N. E.; Wright, V. E. Am-j-agric-econ v.77(3): p.497-511. (1995 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef; lamb-meat; pigmeat; farmers; returns; uncertainty; advertising; expenditure;
domestic-markets; economic-impact; decision-making; profitability; production-costs; meat-and-livestock-industry; elasticities; statistical-analysis; mathematical-models; australia; export-markets; cross-commodity-impacts
Abstract: Equilibrium displacement modeling is used to analyze the effects of incremental advertising expenditure by the Australian beef, lamb, and pork industries in domestic and export markets. The effects on prices, quantities traded, revenues, producer surpluses, and profits net of advertising expenditure are reported. Cross-commodity impacts of advertising are highlighted, including how one industry has to adjust its advertising expenditure to preserve profit levels in the face of increased advertising by another industry. The procedures used are useful when decisions about advertising expenditure need to be made quickly.
19 NAL Call No.: QP251.A5
Arena behaviour of ewes selected for superior mothering ability differs from that of
unselected ewes.
Kilgour RJ; Szantar Coddington MR Animal-Reproduction-Science v.37(2): p.133-141; 20 ref
(1995)
Descriptors: behaviour; mothering-ability; ewes; selection
20 NAL Call No.: S671.R5
Artificial lighting criteria in intensive lamb breeding barns. [Criteri di illuminazione nei
fabbricati per l'allevamento intensivo dell'agnello da carne.]
Mugnozza GS; Fiume G; Russo G Rivista-di-Ingegneria-Agraria v.27(3): p.155-161; 23 ref
(1996)
Descriptors: lighting; lambs; animal-housing; animal-physiology; breeding
21
Aspects of 'factor-factor' economic analysis of sheep production.
Georgiev I; Slavov R; Videv V; Yarkova Yu Zhivotnov'dni-Nauki v.32(1-2): p.38-41; 13 ref
(1995)
Descriptors: economic-analysis; animal-production; ewes; milk-production; feeding; animal-health; dairy-farms; economics; factor-analysis; ewe-milk; yields; feeds
22 NAL Call No.: SF85.4.A8A97
Assessing options for farming systems transitions in New Zealand 's mountainlands.
Foran, B.; Allan, B. Rangeland-j v.17(2): p.166-185. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep-farming; sustainability; mountain-grasslands; controlled-grazing; production-costs; transitional-farming; new-zealand
23 NAL Call No.: 41.8-On1
Attachment preferences of Hyalomma truncatum and Hyalomma marginatum rufipes ticks
Fourie LJ; Kok DJ Onderstepoort-Journal-of-Veterinary-Research v.62(3): p.211-213; 15 ref
(1995)
Descriptors: ectoparasites; feeding-behaviour; feet; anus; genitalia; Dorper; sheep-breeds; sheep-diseases; attachment; Merino
24 NAL Call No.: 41.8-N483
Basal and stress response cortisol levels and stress avoidance learning in sheep (Ovis ovis).
Cook CJ New-Zealand-Veterinary-Journal v.44(4): p.162-163; 8 ref (1996)
Descriptors: stress-response; ewes; animal-behaviour; limbs; blood-plasma; shock-waves;
animal-experiments; stress; avoidance-conditioning; hydrocortisone
25 NAL Call No.: QL750.A6
Behavior of the Murciano-Granadina goat in the hour before parturition.
Ramirez, A.; Quiles, A.; Hevia, M.; Sotillo, F. Appl-anim-behav-sci v.44(1): p.29-35. (1995
Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: goats; prepartum-period; reproductive-behavior; kidding; behavior-patterns;
udders; size; twinning
26 NAL Call No.: QP351.B45
Behavioral responses of the chronically instrumented sheep fetus to chemosensory stimuli
presented in utero.
Robinson, S. R.; Robertson, S. S.; Nathanielsz, P. W.; Wong, C. H.; Smotherman, W. P. Behav-neurosci v.109(3): p.551-562. (1995 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; fetus; prenatal-period; animal-behavior; stimuli; taste; stimulation;
responses; gustatory-stimulation
27 NAL Call No.: 448.8.J824
Behaviors associated with egg and parasite deposition by gravid and Lambornella clarki-infected Aedes sierrensis.
Yee WL Journal-of-Parasitology v.81(5): p.694-697; 16 ref (1995)
Descriptors: oviposition; behaviour; aquatic-insects; parasitism; reproduction; host-parasite-relationships; pathology; entomopathogenic-protozoa; hosts; pathogens; parasites
28 NAL Call No.: SF604.63.N45S87
The behaviour and welfare of male lambs transported by sea from New Zealand to Saudi
Arabia.
Black H Surveillance-Wellington v.22(4): p.14-15; 13 ref (1995)
Descriptors: lambs; animal-welfare; transport-of-animals; animal-behaviour
29 NAL Call No.: S13.P69
Behaviour of lambs grazing mixed clover-grass pasture sward. [Zachowanie sie jagniat na
pastwisku o runi koniczynowo-trawiastej.]
Rogalski M; Armstrong RH Prace-z-Zakresu-Nauk-Rolniczych. 1995, 79: 127-130; 10 ref
Descriptors: grazing; selective-grazing; legumes; grazing-behaviour
30 NAL Call No.: 41.8-V641
Behavioural and cortisol response of pigs and sheep during transport.
Bradshaw, R. H.; Hall, S. J. G.; Broom, D. M. Vet-rec v.138(10): p.233-234. (1996 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: pigs; sheep; transport-of-animals; road-transport; roads; acceleration; animal-welfare; animal-behavior; hydrocortisone; saliva; species-differences
31 NAL Call No.: SF756.7.I57 1995
Behavioural and physiological changes of goats after tethering.
Sato S; Uemo N; Rutter SM (ed.); Rushen J (ed.); Randle HD (ed.); Eddison JC Proceedings of
the 29th International Congress of the International Society for Applied
Descriptors: animal-behaviour; physiology; stress; tethered-housing
32
Body condition during pregnancy in transhumant Arles Merino ewes. Relationship with
lamb birth weight and preweaning growth. [Etat corporel pendant la gestation chez la
brebis Merinos d'Arles en systeme transhumant. Relations avec le poids a la naissance des
agneaux et les performances d'allaitement.]
Teyssier J; Lapeyronie P; Vincent M; Molenat G Options-Mediterraneennes.-Serie-A,-Seminaires-Mediterraneens. 1995, No. 27, 43-51; 7 ref
Descriptors: Arles-Merino; ewes; transhumance; extensive-husbandry; body-condition;
twinning; dams; birth-weight; growth; progeny; Body-condition-of-sheep-and-goats
33 NAL Call No.: SF380.I52
Botanical composition and diet quality of goats grazing natural and grass reseeded
shrublands.
Lopez Trujillo, R.; Garcia Elizondo, R. Small-rumin-res v.16(1): p.37-47. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: goats; diet; botanical-composition; chemical-composition; digestibility; feces-collection; sown-grasslands; semiarid-grasslands; shrubs; xerophytes; seasonal-fluctuations; dry-season; rain; wet-season; nutrient-intake; mexico
34
A brief overview of sheep dairying down under.
Mills O Sheep-Dairy-News v.12(3): p.49-51 (1995)
Descriptors: ewes; milk; milk-production; cheeses; ewe-milk; cheesemaking; dairy-farming;
sheep-breeds
35
British Society of Animal Science Winter Meeting Spa Complex, Scarborough, UK, 20-22
March 1995. Programme and summaries.
UK, British Society of Animal Science. 1995, 210 pp
Descriptors: cows; milk-yield; reproduction; feeding; animal-behaviour; feed-formulation;
animal-husbandry; ewes; sows; poultry; physiology; British-Society-of-Animal-Science
36
Brousse du Rove [cheese]. La Brousse du Rove.
Florio J di; Di Florio J Chevre. 1995, No. 207, 40-42
Descriptors: cheesemaking; farm-dairies; cheeses; goat-milk; manufacture; marketing;
Provence-Alpes-Cote-d`Azur; fresh-cheese; Brousse-du-Rove
37 NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Butylsoyamide protects soybean oil from ruminant biohydrogenation: effects of
butylsoyamide on plasma fatty acids and nutrient digestion in sheep.
Jenkins, T. C. J-anim-sci v.73(3): p.818-823. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; dietary-fat; soybean-oil; amides; triacylglycerols; butylamine; rumen-digestion; protected-fat; blood-plasma; blood-lipids; feed-intake; dry-matter; digestibility;
volatile-fatty-acids
Abstract: Based on previous results showing partial resistance of fatty acyl amides to ruminal biohydrogenation, butylsoyamide was added to sheep diets in an attempt to increase unsaturation of plasma fatty acids. Twelve wethers averaging 34 +/- 3.2 kg BW were randomly assigned to three diets containing either no added fat (control), 5% soybean oil, or 5% butylsoyamide. Dry matter intake was greater (P < .05) for sheep fed butylsoyamide than for sheep fed soybean oil (740 and 581 g/d, respectively), but neither fat supplement differed from the control diet (680 g/d). The soybean oil supplement reduced (P < .05) total VFA concentration (59.0 and 38.7 mM) and acetate:propionate (4.10 and 2.56) in ruminal samples compared with the control diet. Butylsoyamide had no effect (P > .05) on total VFA (54.4 mM) or acetate: propionate (2.96). Total tract ADF digestibility was not affected (P > .05) by either fat supplement. Relative to the control diet, soybean oil increased (P < .05) plasma linoleic acid concentration 22% compared with a 58% increase from feeding butylsoyamide (26.7, 32.6, and 42.1% of total fatty acids, respectively). Linoleic acid concentration in plasma neutral lipids, relative to the control diet, increased 15.8% (P < .05) for soybean oil compared with 64.9% (P < .05) for butylsoyamide (31.6, 36.6, and 52.1% of total fatty acids, respectively). Converting soybean oil triglycerides to fatty acyl amides substantially reduces negative effects of the oil on ruminal fermentation and increases unsaturated fatty acids in plasma. The increase in plasma unsaturated fatty acids demonstrates at least partial resistance of fatty acyl amides to ruminal biohydrogenation and their and their digestion and absorption postruminally.
38
Catching up in the Saone et Loire. Saone et Loire, un printemps tardif.
Chamba JN Chevre. 1995, No. 207, 27-28
Descriptors: cheesemaking; dairy-farms; dairy-farming; cheeses; goat-milk; production
39 NAL Call No.: QP501.E8
cDNA cloning, overexpression in Escherichia coli, purification and characterization of
sheep liver cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase.
Jagath Reddy J; Ganesan K; Savithri HS; Datta A; Appaji Rao N European-Journal-of-Biochemistry v.230(2): p.533-537; 38 ref (1995)
Descriptors: characterization; cytosol; liver; gene-expression; purification; serine; folic-acid;
glycine; enzymes; nucleotide-sequences; biotechnology; glycine-hydroxymethyltransferase
40 NAL Call No.: SF55.A78A7
Changes in live-weight gain, blood constituents and worm egg counts in Thai native and
cross-bred goats raised in village environments in Southern Thailand.
Kochapakdee, S.; Pralomkarn, W.; Choldumrongkul, S.; Saithanoo, S. Asian-australas-j-anim-sci
v.8(3): p.241-247. (1995 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: goats; anglo-nubian; crossbreds; goat-breeds; grazing; feed-supplements; growth-rate; liveweight-gain; helminth-ova; feces; anthelmintics; blood-serum; blood-protein; blood-composition; globulins; hematocrit; thailand
41
Changes in the behavioral parameters following the lipopolysaccharide administration in
goats.
Takeuchi Y; Kikusui T; Mori Y Journal-of-Veterinary-Medical-Science v.57(6): p.1041-1044; 19
ref (1995)
Descriptors: lipopolysaccharides; grooming; animal-behaviour; infection; models; behaviour;
stereotypies
42 NAL Call No.: 41.8-R312
Changes in the release of amino acid neurotransmitters in the brains of calves and sheep
after head-only electrical stunning and throat cutting.
Cook, C. J.; Maasland, S. A.; Devine, C. E.; Gilbert, K. V.; Blackmore, D. K. Res-vet-sci v.60(3):
p.255-261. (1996 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves; sheep; stunning; throat; cutting; glutamic-acid; aspartic-acid; brain; release;
synergism; consciousness; animal-welfare
Abstract: In calves aged two to five months, throat cutting resulted in an increase in the concentration of the amino acid neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate in the brain. Electrical head-only stunning by itself also increased the concentrations of these two neurotransmitters. The levels induced by stunning resulted in a seizure state characterised by epileptiform-like activity in the electroencephalograph. Combing head-only stunning with throat cutting within 10 seconds of the stun had a synergistic effect upon glutamate and aspartate, increasing their concentration by a greater amount and more quickly than either procedure on its own. An irreversible loss of brain function also occurred more quickly than after throat cutting alone. The administration of glutamate and aspartate receptor antagonists before the throat cutting lengthened the time to the loss of brain function in a dose dependent manner. Similar changes were observed in sheep but they occurred much more quickly than in cattle.
43 NAL Call No.: 49-N62
Changes in the serum, urinary and milk concentrations calcium, phosphorus and
magnesium in ewes during the perinatal period.
Shiga A; Tsuchiya Y; Nagamine S Animal-Science-and-Technology v.66(3): p.267-273; 27 ref
(1995)
Descriptors: lactation; parturition; milk; mineral-metabolism; urine; serum; calcium;
phosphorus; magnesium; ewes; pregnancy; milk-composition; minerals; hypomagnesaemia;
blood; ewe-milk; ewe-lactation; lactation-stage; nutritional-state
44 NAL Call No.: 49.9-Eu7
Characteristics of the extensive Greek sheep production systems.
Apostolopoulos C; Rogdakis E; Zervas NP (ed.); Hatziminaoglou J The optimal exploitation of
marginal Mediterranean areas by extensive ruminant production systems. Proceedings of an
international symposium organized by HSAP and EAAP and sponsored by EU(DGVI), FAO and
CIHEAM, Thessaloniki, Greece, 18-20 June, 1994. 1996, 51-53; EAAP Publication No. 83
Descriptors: sheep-farming; extensive-livestock-farming; production-structure; productivity- ID:
optimal-exploitation-of-marginal-Mediterranean-areas-by-extensive-ruminant-production-system
45 NAL Call No.: HD1405.E97 1995
Characterization of the spatial diversity of sheep concentration in relation to agricultural
resources of the middle valley of the Ebro.
Olaizola A; Vidal D de L; Teruel A; Manrique E; Bernues A; Albisu LM (ed.); Romero C
Environmental and land use issues: an economic perspective. Proceedings of the 34th EAAE
Seminar held in the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, February 7-9,
1994, Spain. 1995, 439-447; 26 ref
Descriptors: land-use; sheep-farming; regions; classification; Environmental-and-land-use-issues
46 NAL Call No.: SF380.I52
Chemical composition and nutritive value of fresh and ensiled carnation (Dianthus
caryophyllus) by-product.
Ceron, J. J.; Hernandez, F.; Madrid, J.; Gutierrez, C. Small-rumin-res v.20(2): p.109-112. (1996
May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: goats; dianthus-caryophyllus; silage; chemical-composition; feed-intake;
digestibility; dry-matter; crude-protein; metabolizable-energy; organic-matter; crude-fiber; ether-extracts; spain
47 NAL Call No.: SF380.I52
Chevon characteristics of goats fed diets with water washed neem (Azadirachta indica) seed
kernel cake.
Verma, A. K.; Sastry, V. R. B.; Agrawal, D. K. Small-rumin-res v.19(1): p.55-61. (1996 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: kids; neem-seed-cake; kid-feeding; washing; mustard-protein-concentrate; oat-hay;
slaughter-weight; carcass-yield; meat-cuts; dressing-percentage; meat-yield; offal; goat-meat;
chemical-composition; sensory-evaluation; bitterness; triterpenoids
48 NAL Call No.: 26-T754
Chlorophyll-derived faecal pigment of an indicator of feed selection in dry-season tropical
pastures.
Lowry, J. B.; Schlink, A. C. Trop-agric v.72(4): p.303-307. (1995 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; tropical-grasslands; dry-season; feeding-preferences; poaceae; fabaceae;
feed-intake; feces; feces-composition; digestibility; chlorophyll; fodder-legumes; animal-nutrition; australia; chromogen
49 NAL Call No.: QL750.A6
Choice of sheep and cattle between vegetative and reproductive cocksfoot patches.
Dumont, B.; Petit, M.; D'Hour, P. Appl-anim-behav-sci v.43(1): p.1-15. (1995 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: ewes; heifers; grazing-behavior; plant-height; feeding-preferences; feed-intake;
fasting; grazing-time; plant-composition; vegetative-period; reproduction; dactylis-glomerata;
france
50
Classification and composition of the carcass of pre-ruminant kid goats of the Granadina
breed.
Sanz MR; Ruiz I; Gil F; Boza J Options-Mediterraneennes.-Serie-A,-Seminaires-Mediterraneens.
1995, No. 27, 197-202; 14 ref
Descriptors: bucks; fattening-performance; animal-nutrition; carcasses; carcass-grading; carcass-composition; growth; energy-intake; Body-composition-of-sheep-and-goats; Body-condition-of-sheep-and-goats
51 NAL Call No.: S1.M57
Clausens choose Romanovs.
Fyksen, J. Small-farm-today v.13(2): p.42-44. (1996 Apr.)
Descriptors: sheep-farming; romanov; small-farms
52 NAL Call No.: QH442.A1G4
Cloning and characterisation of an ovine interleukin-10-encoding cDNA.
Martin, H. M.; Nash, A. D.; Andrews, A. E. Gene v.159(2): p.187-197. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; complementary-dna; interleukins; nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences; structural-genes; macrophages; molecular-sequence-data; genbank; u11421; ovil-10-gene
Abstract: Expression of the interleukin 10-encoding (IL-10) mRNA by ovine (ov-) cells, in response to mitogenic stimulation, was assessed by Northern blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses using a human (hu) IL-10 cDNA probe and oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers based on homologous regions of the human and murine IL-10 cDNA sequences. A 31 5-bp cDNA generated by the PCR analysis was cloned and used to screen a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated alveolar ov-macrophage cDNA library. The full-length ov-cDNA sequence isolated translates to a protein of 177 amino acids (aa) with a predicted 18-aa leader sequence and molecular mass of 20165 Da. Expression in a mammalian system demonstrated that the ov-cDNA encoded a protein with the expected IL-10 biological activity. Both recombinant huIL-10 and supernatants from COS cells transfected with an expression vector containing the ovIL-10 cDNA inhibited production of IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor-x by ov-alveolar macrophages. Genomic DNA analysis indicated ovIL-10 exists as a single gene within the ov-genome.
53 NAL Call No.: QH442.A1G4
Cloning and characterization of multiple acetyl-CoA carboxylase transcripts in ovine
adipose tissue.
Barber, M. C.; Travers, M. T. Gene v.154(2): p.271-275. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; complementary-dna; acetyl-coa-carboxylase; nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences; gene-expression; messenger-rna; adipose-tissue; molecular-sequence-data;
genbank; x80045; open-reading-frames; untranslated-region
Abstract: A full-length ovine acetyl-CoA carboxylase-encoding cDNA (ACC) has been cloned from adipose tissue and completely sequenced. The open reading frame of 7041 nucleotides (nt) is highly homologous to the previously cloned human, rat, chicken, yeast and algal ACC (85, 89, 82, 54 and 54% identity, respectively). Transcript heterogeneity was found in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTR) resulting in ACC transcripts in the range of 9.0 kb to 9.4 kb. Heterogeneity at the 5' end was generated by the insertion of a 47-nt sequence, resulting in transcripts with either 272 or 319 nt in the 5'-UTR. Heterogeneity at the 3' end was the result of the use of different polyadenylation signals. RNase protection analysis demonstrated that shorter transcripts containing 1635 nt predominated over longer transcripts of 2065 nt in the 3'-UTR.
54 NAL Call No.: 381-B522
Cloning and expression analysis of a cytochrome P-450 11 beta cDNA in sheep.
Boon, W. C.; Roche, R. J.; Hammond, V. E.; Jeyaseelan, K.; Crawford, R. J.; Coghlan, J. P.
Biochim-biophys-acta v.1260(1): p.109-112. (1995 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; adrenal-cortex; cytochrome-p-450; complementary-dna; cloning; nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences; molecular-sequence-data; genbank; l34337; embl; l34337
Abstract: A full length ovine steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (cytochrome P-450(11 beta)) cDNA clone from a sheep adrenal cortex cDNA library was isolated. Sequence analysis indicates that this cDNA clone resembles bovine P-450(11 beta) cDNA (95% nucleotide sequence homology) more closely than rat P-450 (11 beta) cDNA (69% nucleotide sequence homology). Although the levels of nucleotide sequence homology of this cDNA clone to the rat P-450(11 beta) cDNA and the rat P-450(aldo) cDNA are similar, the putative amino acid sequence shows a closer resemblance to rat P-450(aldo) protein. Northern blot analysis shows that there are three sizes of transcript and they are expressed throughout the adrenal cortex.
55 NAL Call No.: QH442.A1G4
Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding ovine interleukin 7.
Barcham, G. J.; Andrews, A. E.; Nash, A. D. Gene v.154(2): p.265-269. (1995)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; complementary-dna; interleukins; cloning; nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences; polymerase-chain-reaction; thymocytes; immune-response; molecular-sequence-data; genbank; u10089
Abstract: Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and primers based on regions of homology between the human and murine interleukin 7 (IL-7)-encoding cDNAs, we have amplified an ovine (ov) IL-7 cDNA from reverse-transcribed RNA extracted from concanavilin A (Con A)-activated ovine lymph-node cells. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA and the predicted amino acid (aa) sequence showed significant homology to those of the human and murine molecules. The ovIL-7 cDNA encodes a 176-aa polypeptide that, based on analysis of murine IL-7, is processed to a protein of 151 aa. The cDNA was demonstrated to encode a protein with IL-7 biological activity. Supernatants from COS or CHO-K1 cells transfected with an expression vector containing the ovIL-7 cDNA were able to synergise with a suboptimal level of Con A to induce proliferation of ovine thymocytes. In addition, both supernatants were able to induce thymocyte proliferation, albeit at a reduced level, in the absence of Con A. Further experiments demonstrated that for induction of ovine thymocyte proliferation, recombinant (re)-ovIL-7 was able to synergise with re-human (h) IL-2 but not re-hIL-6 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (re-hTNF alpha).
56 NAL Call No.: 448.8-V81
Cloning and expression of the nucleoprotein of peste des petits ruminants virus in
baculovirus for use in serological diagnosis.
Ismail TM; Yamanaka MK; Saliki JT; El Kholy A; Mebus C; Yilma T Virology-New-York
v.208(2): p.776-778; 22 ref (1995)
Descriptors: recombination; gene-expression; laboratory-diagnosis; nucleoproteins; ELISA;
production; cell-lines; diagnosis; viral-diseases; biotechnology; sheep-diseases
57 NAL Call No.: QP251.R47
Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding an ovine oestrus-associated oviducal protein.
Marshall, J. T. A.; Nancarrow, C. D.; Brownlee, A. G. Reprod-fertil-dev v.8(2): p.305-310.
(1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences; molecular-sequence-data; genbank;
u17988
58 NAL Call No.: 444.8-G28
Cloning and sequencing of an equine insulin-like growth factor I cDNA and its expression
in fetal and adult tissues.
Otte, K.; Rozell, B.; Gessbo, A.; Engstrom, W. Gen-comp-endocrinol v.102(1): p.11-15. (1996
Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: horses; fetus; adults; insulin-like-growth-factor; complementary-dna; clones;
nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences; comparisons; gene-expression; transcription;
biological-development; animal-tissues; man; sheep; rats; evolution; molecular-sequence-data;
genbank; u28070; sequence-homology; sequence-alignment
Abstract: A cDNA for equine insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) has been isolated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and subsequently sequenced. The sequenced fragment contained 465 bp including the coding regions for the signal peptide, the entire mature protein, and 4 amino acids into the E-peptide. Like its human counterpart, the mature equine IGF I peptide contains 70 amino acids and was 100% homologous between horse and man. The 49-amino-acid signal peptide had the threonine in position 26 of the human signal peptide substituted by isoleucine. The nucleotide homology across the entire clone was 96.3% between horse and man and 91.6% between horse and rat. The isolated cDNA hybridized to the same transcripts in fetal and adult tissues.
59 NAL Call No.: QL757.M6
Cloning, expression and characterization of an unusual guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
from Giardia lamblia.
Sommer JM; Ma H; Wang CC Molecular-and-Biochemical-Parasitology v.78(1-2): p.185-193;
38 ref (1996)
Descriptors: cloning; hypoxanthine-phosphoribosyltransferase; xanthine; guanine; molecular-genetics; biochemistry; amino-acid-sequences; genes; enzymes; parasites; guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase
60 NAL Call No.: 448.8-EN2
Cloning of a receptor for prostaglandin F2alpha from the ovine corpus luteum.
Graves PE; Pierce KL; Bailey TJ; Rueda BR; Gil DW; Woodward DF; Yool AJ; Hoyer PB;
Regan JW Endocrinology-Philadelphia v.136(8): p.3430-3436; 37 ref (1995)
Descriptors: corpus-luteum; cloning; prostaglandins; receptors; DNA; biotechnology
61 NAL Call No.: QH442.A1G4
Cloning, sequencing and expression of the bovine CD3 epsilon and TCR-zeta chains, two
invariant components of the T-cell receptor complex.
Hagens, G.; Galley, Y.; Glaser, I.; Davis, W. C.; Baldwin, C. L.; Clevers, H.; Dobbelaere, D. A.
E. Gene v.169(2): p.165-171. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: cattle; receptors; t-lymphocytes; lymphocyte-antigens; complementary-dna;
nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences; cloning; polymerase-chain-reaction; biochemical-techniques; species-differences; sheep; gene-expression; messenger-rna; rapid-amplification-of-the-ends; molecular-sequence-data; genbank; u25687; genbank; u25688
<
/P>
Abstract: CD3 epsilon and the zeta-chain of the bovine T-cell receptor (TCR) are two invariant molecules with an important role in signal transduction via the TCR/CD3 complex. The nucleotide sequence of a bovine CD3 epsilon cDNA clone containing the complete coding sequence was determined and the deduced amino acid (aa) sequence compared to that of other species. The cytoplasmic domains of the different CD3 epsilon clearly show a higher degree of conservation than the extracellular domains. Bovine CD3 epsilon produced in Escherichia coli using different bacterial expression vectors was recognised by antibodies (Ab) directed against the intracytoplasmic domain of human CD3 epsilon. A partial bovine TCR zeta-chain cDNA was generated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers that were based on sequences that are conserved between different species; 3' and 5' RACE-PCR were carried out to obtain the complete TCR zeta-chain cDNA sequence. A comparison of the predicted TCR zeta-chain aa sequence reveals that the GDP/GTP-binding motif, which is conserved in other species, shows marked differences in the bovine and ovine TCR zeta-chains. In contrast to CD3 epsilon, the short extracellular domain of the TCR zeta-chain is 100% conserved between the different species and the transmembrane domain also shows a high degree of identity. Ab were raised against the TCR zeta-chain, produced as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein in E. coli, and were used in Western blot analysis to further characterise TCR zeta-chain expression in T-cells. These reagents provide valuable tools for the study of signal transduction pathways in normal and transformed bovine T-cells.
62 NAL Call No.: QP251.R47
A cloning strategy for G-protein-coupled hormone receptors: the ovine beta1-adrenergic
receptor.
Padbury JF; Tseng YT; Waschek JA Reproduction,-Fertility-and-Development v.7(3): p.521-525; 23 ref (1995)
Descriptors: hormone-receptors; cloning; hormones; receptors; dna
63 NAL Call No.: HV4890.4.A3C63--no.3-1996
Code of recommendations and minimum standards for the welfare of sheep. Rev.
New Zealand. Animal Welfare Advisory Committee. Code of animal welfare, 1171-090X ; no. 3.
Wellington, New Zealand : Animal Welfare Advisory Committee, [1996] 40 p. : ill., "July 1996."
64 NAL Call No.: 275.29-IO9PA
Colostrum and health of newborn lambs.
Morrical, D.; Hartwig, N. R.; Youngs, C. PM-Iowa-State-Univ-Coop-Ext-Serv. Ames, Iowa :
Iowa State University, Cooperative Extension Service. June 1995. (989-12,rev.) 2 p.
In the subseries: Sheep management.
Descriptors: lambs; sheep-farming; colostrum; lamb-feeding; colostral-immunity; supplemental-feeding-programs; tube-feeding
65 NAL Call No.: RA639.M44
Colour discrimination by the sheep blowfly Lucilia sericata.
Wall R; Smith KE Medical-and-Veterinary-Entomology v.10(3): p.235-240; 30 ref (1996)
Descriptors: vision; colour; discrimination; smell; liver; sodium-sulfide; behaviour; host-seeking-behaviour
66 NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
Comparative digestion in cattle and sheep fed wheat silage diets at low and high intakes.
Sudekum, K. H.; Roh, H.; Brandt, M.; Rave, G.; Stangassinger, M. J-dairy-sci v.78(7): p.1498-1511. (1995 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; steers; wheat-silage; crude-protein; feed-intake; body-weight; maturity-stage; unrestricted-feeding; digestibility; chemical-composition; species-differences; starch;
fiber-content; hemicelluloses
Abstract: Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), harvested at late milk, early dough, and hard dough stages of maturity was ensiled for nutritive comparisons. Diets were adjusted to 13% CP with a soy protein concentrate and fed to six ruminally fistulated growing steers and nine adult wethers in a repeated 3 X 3 Latin square design to study the effects of maintenance and ad libitum intakes on digestibility of different feed fractions. At both intakes, digestion values for the steers were greater than or equal to those for the sheep for all feed fractions except CP. Wethers achieved greater intake per unit of BW than steers during ad libitum intake. Voluntary OM intakes of steers only differed between the milk stage diet and the dough stage diets. At low intake, the diets containing the more mature silage were more digestible. At high intake, the OM of diet containing the early dough stage silage was most digestible. Increased intake caused a depression in digestibility of different feed fractions. The magnitude of the depression varied among diets and fractions. Data indicated that the nutritive value of diets based on whole crop wheat silage is affected by stage of maturity, animal species, and amount of intake. The assessment of the nutritive value of diets based on whole crop wheat silage should therefore be made with the animal species and at the amount of intake for which the diets are intended.
67 NAL Call No.: QL750.A6
Comparative foraging strategies of sheep and goats in a T-maze apparatus.
Hosoi E; Swift DM; Rittenhouse LR; Richards RW Applied-Animal-Behaviour-Science v.44(1):
p.37-45; 10 ref (1995)
Descriptors: foraging; comparisons; species-differences; feeding-behaviour; learning-ability
68 NAL Call No.: SF55.A78A7
Comparative performance of Damascus goats and Chios ewes in Oman.
El Hag, M. G.; Azam, A. H.; Al Habsi, R. S. Asian-australas-j-anim-sci v.8(5): p.419-425. (1995
Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: goats; ewes; damascus; chios; age-at-first-mating; species-differences; age-at-first-kidding; age-at-first-lambing; age-at-first-conception; female-fertility; litter-weight; twinning;
birth-weight; sex-differences; litter-size; weaning-weight; kids; lambs; mortality; milk-yield;
lactation-duration; nutrient-requirements; body-weight; goat-milk; ewe-milk; milk-fat-percentage; feed-conversion; feed-intake; growth-rate; diet; oman
69 NAL Call No.: 10-J822
Comparative performance of Omani goats and sheep.
Al Nakib, F. M. S.; Al Shukaily, E. S. S.; Al Hanai, S. S. S.; Al Nabhani, S. A. M. J-agric-sci
v.127(pt.1): p.117-121. (1996 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: goats; sheep; goat-breeds; animal-husbandry; breed-differences; breeding-efficiency; sexual-reproduction; diets; chemical-composition; female-fertility; lambing-rate;
kidding-rate; oman; batinah-goats; dhofari-goats; jabal-akhdar-goats
70. NAL Call No.: 49-AR23
A comparative study of performance of Egyptian goat breeds II. Growth performance and
productivity.
Laes Fettback C; Peters KJ Archiv-fur-Tierzucht v.38(5): p.563-575; 28 ref (1995)
Descriptors: goat-breeds; growth; performance; productivity; birth-weight; breed-differences;
sex-differences; litter-size; body-weight; dams; progeny; tropics; plane-of-nutrition; intensive-husbandry; extensive-husbandry; kids; compensatory-growth
71 NAL Call No.: 10-J822
Comparison between reconstituted sheep faeces and rumen fluid inocula and between in
vitro and in sacco digestibility methods as predictors of intake and in vivo digestibility.
Nsahlai, I. V.; Umunna, N. N. J-agric-sci v.126(pt.2): p.235-248. (1996 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; feces-composition; roughage; chemical-composition; dry-matter;
quantitative-analysis; rumen; digestion; inoculum; in-vitro-digestibility; digestibility; feed-intake; prediction; rumen-gases; filtration; centrifugation; nylon; bags; animal-nutrition;
mathematical-models; ethiopia
72 NAL Call No.: 23-Au792
Comparison of alpha-tocopherol acetate preparations given as single intraperitoneal or
subcutaneous doses for increasing plasma and liver alpha-tocopherol in sheep fed a low
vitamin E diet.
Smith, G. M.; Fry, J. M.; Ilett, K. F. Aust-j-exp-agric v.36(4): p.421-428. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; alpha-tocopherol; formulations; intraperitoneal-injection; subcutaneous-injection; oral-administration; blood-plasma; liver; concentration; supplementary-feeding;
pharmacokinetics
73 NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68
A comparison of sheep grazing with herbicides for weed control in seedling alfalfa in the
irrigated Sonoran Desert.
Bell, C. E.; Guerrero, J. N.; Granados, E. Y. J-prod-agric v.9(1): p.123-129. (1996 Jan.-1996
Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: medicago-sativa; seedlings; irrigated-stands; chemical-vs; -cultural-weed-control;
eptc; 2,4-db; sethoxydim; sheep; grazing; grazing-effects; mowing; crop-yield; yields; feeding-preferences; weeds; plant-density; nutritive-value; crop-density; crop-quality; california; weed-management; weed-yield; weed-density
Abstract: A three year study was conducted in the irrigated Sonoran Desert to compare the effect of different weed management methods in seedling alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on crop stand and yield. Treatments included; grazing with sheep (Ovis aries L.) when the crop was ready for the first harvest, a combination of preemergence and postemergence herbicides, postemergence herbicides only, and an untreated control where weeds were harvested with the hay. Weed management practice did not affect alfalfa yield in the first season, although the herbicide treatments reduced total forage (alfalfa plus weeds) yield compared with the grazed treatments and the untreated control. Crop density was not different between treatments. Herbicide treatments lowered forage yields at the first harvest by eliminating of weeds and because of crop injury in 2 of the 3 yr. At the third and subsequent harvests, there were no differences in forage yield for treatments. Plots were weed free after the second harvest. Lamb grazing selectivity in weedy seedling alfalfa was also quantified by analyzing esophageal extrusa. The lambs were selecting the weeds over the alfalfa as grazing progressed. This preference was consistent between lambs and plots, although there were year differences. Forage quality of the winter annual broadleaf weeds present in this study was comparable with the alfalfa. We concluded that grazing lambs are a good weed control method in seedling alfalfa during the winter grazing season in the irrigated Sonoran Desert.
74 NAL Call No.: QL750.A6
Comparison of the behaviour of goats and sheep on an eroded hill pasture.
Greaves, L. A.; Wedderburn, M. E. Appl-anim-behav-sci v.42(3): p.207-216. (1995 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: goats; sheep; eroded-soils; hill-grasslands; spring; summer; female-animals; ewes;
kids; lambs; animal-behavior; grazing; erosion; new-zealand
75 NAL Call No.: HV4701.A557
A comparison of wooden slats and straw bedding on the behaviour of sheep.
Gordon GDH; Cockram MS Animal-Welfare v.4(2): p.131-134; 3 ref (1995)
Descriptors: sheep-housing; floors; straw; animal-welfare; slatted-floors; animal-behaviour;
litter; lairage
76
A complementary sheep flock at a dairy farm. Development of a production system at an
experimental farm. [Dans une exploitation laitiere, un troupeau ovin complementaire. Mise
au point d'un systeme de production en ferme experimentale.]
Rouel J; Laignel G; Bony J; Theriez M; Lienard G Productions-Animales v.8(5): p.341-352; 16
ref (1995)
Descriptors: ewes; sheepmeat; feed-supplements; profitability; economics; dairy-farms;
reproduction; lamb-production; management; mixed-farming
77 NAL Call No.: 41.8-C163
Composition, digestibility and rumen degradability of crab meal.
Nicholson, J. W. G.; McQueen, R. E.; Allen, J. G.; Bush, R. S. Can-j-anim-sci v.76(1): p.89-94.
(1996 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves; sheep; crab-waste; meal; nutritive-value; digestibility; rumen; protein-degradation; chemical-composition; feed-intake; liveweight-gain; soybean-oilmeal; rape
Abstract: The nutritive value of dried shellfish waste (referred to as crab meal) produced in New Brunswick in the mid-1980s was evaluated by physical, chemical and biological assays. Typically, the crab meal was high in ash content (about 50%), consisting mainly of calcium carbonate and contained about 20% chitin, 25% crude protein (CP) and less than 2% lipid material. The meal could be separated by screening into a coarse fraction high in ash and chitin and a fine fraction lower in ash and higher in CP. Although the reactivity rate of crab meal ash was not as high as that of similar sized limestone particles (42 vs. 30.4 min for particles that passed a 500-micrometers screen but were retained on a 300-micrometers screen), it was high enough to suggest crab meal could be a useful rumen buffer. The CP of crab meal was highly resistant to degradation in the rumen in sacco. Less than 18% of the crab meal CP disappeared from bags suspended in the rumen for 24 h, compared with more than 87% for soybean meal and full-fat canola seed. The digestibility of crab meal dry matter by sheep was only 34.3 +/- 3.7%, but the CP digestibility was 69.6 +/- 4.1%. The chemical and physical attributes assayed and the results of the in sacco and sheep digestibility trials all suggest that crab meal should be a useful supplement for diets low in digestible undergraded protein. However, its inclusion in a supplement for beef calves fed legume silage resulted in lower feed consumption and rate of gain (P < 0.01). Feeding soybean meal or full-fat canola resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.01) in feed efficiency, compared with calves fed the control and crab meal supplements. It was concluded that crab meal produced in New Brunswick would be a useful supplement for beef cattle if problems of palatability could be overcome.
78 NAL Call No.: SF95.I47
Composition of diet selected by grazing sheep on natural rangeland.
Sankhyan SK; Shinde AK; Karim SA; Patnayak BC Indian-Journal-of-Animal-Nutrition v.12(3):
p.183-185; 8 ref (1995)
Descriptors: botanical-composition; feeding-habits; wet-season; semiarid-climate; feeding-preferences; rangelands; grazing; grasslands; selective-grazing; intake
79 NAL Call No.: SF371.R47
Composition of milk fat from ewes fed a diet supplemented with calcium salts of palm oil
fatty acids.
Appeddu LA; Ely DG; Aaron DK; Deweese WP; Fink E Sheep-and-Goat-Research-Journal
v.12(1): p.11-18; 35 ref (1996)
Descriptors: ewes; milk; dry-matter; saturated-fatty-acids; unsaturated-fatty-acids; lucerne-hay;
maize; soyabean-oilmeal; lambs; milk-fat; fatty-acids; composition; ewe-milk; ewe-feeding;
supplements; milk-composition; palm-oils; milk-yield; protected-fat
80
Consequences of a low aluminium nutrition in the goat. 2. Milk yield, life expectancy,
plasma variables, aluminium content of selected organs. [Die Auswirkungen einer
aluminiumarmen Ernahrung bei der Ziege. 2. Mitteilung: Milchleistung, Lebenserwartung,
Plasmaparameter, Aluminiumgehalt ausgewahlter Organe.]
Muller M; Anke M; Gurtler H; Illig Gunther H; Anke M (ed.); Bergmann H (ed.); Bitsch R (ed.);
Dorn W (ed.); Flachowsky G (ed.); Glei M (ed.); Groppel B (ed.); Grun M (ed.); Gurtler H (ed.);
Lombeck I (ed.); Luckas B (ed.); Meissner D (ed.); Merbach W (ed.); Muller M(ed.); Schneider
HJ Mengen- und Spurenelemente: 15. Arbeitstagung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena, 8-9
Dezember 1995. 1995, 613-620; 14 ref
Descriptors: trace-elements; minerals; deficiency; mortality; tissues; bones; milk-yield; milk-fat-yield; milk-protein-yield; goat-feeding; aluminium; Major-and-trace-elements
81 NAL Call No.: 44.8.In28
Constraints in the adoption of improved sheep and goat practices by the small and
marginal farmers of diversified farming.
Sivanaryana G; Reddy SJ Indian-Journal-of-Dairy-Science v.48(4): p.306-308; 4 ref (1995)
Descriptors: goat-keeping; sheep-farming; innovation-adoption; constraints; small-farms
82 NAL Call No.: 23-Au783
Constraints to the modelling of diet selection and intake in the grazing ruminant.
Dove, H. Aust-j-agric-res v.47(2): p.257-275. (1996)
Special Issue: Ruminant Nutrition.
Descriptors: cattle; sheep; grazing; herbage; browse-plants; feeding-preferences; botanical-composition; feed-intake; organic-matter; digestibility; nutritional-state; simulation-models;
australia; grazfeed-simulation-model; model-validation
83 NAL Call No.: S544.3.N9C46
Controlling leafy spurge using goats and sheep.
Sedivec, K.; Hanson, T.; Heiser, C. NDSU-Ext-Serv. Fargo, N.D. : The University. May 1995.
(R-1093) 4 p.
Descriptors: euphorbia-esula; pastures; biological-control; sheep; goats; leases; mixed-grazing;
cattle; nutritive-value; stocking-rate; 2,4-d
84 NAL Call No.: SF81.F3
Cotton seed for milch animals. A review.
Tewatia BS; Paliwal VK International-Journal-of-Animal-Sciences v.11(1): p.85-90; 46 ref
(1996)
Descriptors: cows; ewes; milk-yield; milk-composition; antinutritional-factors; gossypol;
toxicity; nutritional-disorders; cottonseed; lactation; reviews; feeding
85 NAL Call No.: 410-J827
Coyote movements in relation to the spatial distribution of sheep.
Shivik, J. A.; Jaeger, M. M.; Barrett, R. H. J-wildl-manage v.60(2): p.408-416. (1996 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; spatial-distribution; coyotes; movement; behavior-patterns; predator-prey-relationships; california
86 NAL Call No.: S631.A8 No.405
Crop-livestock farming in the uplands of Taiwan.
Chen HsinHao; Chen HH Extension-Bulletin -ASPAC,-Food-and-Fertilizer-Technology-Center.
1995, No. 405, 7 pp.; 12 ref
Descriptors: dairy-farming; goat-keeping; deer-farming; grazing-systems; livestock;
performance; soil-conservation; extension; constraints; livestock-farming; sloping-land; dairy-farms; upland-areas; silvopastoral-systems; forests; agroforestry-systems
87 NAL Call No.: 45.9-Sv2
Crossbreeding or breeding for combined breeds?. [Korsningsavel eller avel for
kombinerade raser?]
Nasholm A Farskotsel v.75(9): p.4-5 (1995)
Descriptors: ewes; rams; lambs; performance-testing; progeny-testing; pelts; body-weight;
growth; carcasses; female-fertility; genetic-improvement; maternal-behaviour; breeding-value;
selection; crossbreeding; meat-production
88 NAL Call No.: 41.8-R312
D-glucose transport and glycolytic enzyme activities in erythrocytes of dogs, pigs, cats,
horses, cattle and sheep.
Arai, T.; Washizu, T.; Sagara, M.; Sako, T.; Nigi, H.; Matsumoto, H.; Sasaki, M.; Tomoda, I.
Res-vet-sci v.58(2): p.195-196. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: dogs; pigs; cats; horses; cattle; sheep; erythrocytes; blood-sugar; nutrient-transport;
hexokinase; pyruvate-kinase; enzyme-activity; insulin
Abstract: The activities of D-glucose transport (D-GT) and the glycolytic enzymes hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate kinase (PK), were measured in the erythrocytes of dogs, pigs, cats, horses, cattle and sheep. The erythrocytes of dogs had the highest activities of D-GT, HK and PK, significantly higher than the activities in the erythrocytes of the herbivores. The activities of D-GT and HK in cat erythrocytes were significantly lower than in those of dogs. The differences between the activities of D-GT in the erythrocytes of the different species followed the differences in activities of HK but not those in the activities of PK or in the blood glucose concentrations. It is considered that the activity of HK provides a convenient measurement of the relative rates of glucose oxidation in erythrocytes.
89 NAL Call No.: SF1.K7
Dairy and animal husbandry institute for Sardinia. [Instytut zootechniki i serowarstwa na
Sardynii.]
Drozdz A Biuletyn-Informacyjny -Instytut-Zootechniki v.33(1): p.65-69; 3 ref (1995)
Descriptors: cows; cheeses; ewes; ewe-milk; cheesemaking; legislation; dairy-research;
research-institutes; breeding; milk-production; milk-processing; milk-quality; research; dairy-performance; Fiore-Sardo-cheese; Pecorino-Romano-cheese; Pecorino-Sardo-cheese
90
Dairy goats in France. [Milchziegen in Frankreich.]
Jurkschat M Neue-Landwirtschaft. 1995, No. 10, 87-88
Descriptors: French-Alpine; French-Saanen; milk-yield; milk-fat-yield; milk-protein-yield;
management; animal-nutrition; flockbooks; dairy-performance; milk-recording; artificial-insemination
91 NAL Call No.: SF375.D38--1996
Detection and treatment of mineral nutrition problems in grazing sheep.
Masters, D. G. D. G.; White, C. L. C. L. 1.; Australian Centre for International Agricultural
Research. ACIAR monograph series ; no. 37. Canberra : Australian Centre for International
Agricultural Research, 1996. iv, 117 p. : ill., Papers presented at a workshop held in Oct. 1995,
Beijing, China.
Descriptors: Sheep-Nutrition-Congresses; Minerals-in-animal-nutrition-Congresses
92 NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Development of a mechanistic model of intake and chewing activities of sheep.
Sauvant, D.; Baumont, R.; Faverdin, P. J-anim-sci v.74(11): p.2785-2802. (1996 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; feeding-behavior; biting-rates; rumen-digestion; particle-size; digesta;
models; transit-time; fiber-content; forage; cell-walls; equations; energy-balance; decision-analysis; sheep-rumination; dry-matter; voluntary-intake; alfalfa-hay; palatability
Abstract: A mechanistic model of intake and chewing activities was developed using data from confined sheep in order to integrate the relationships between feeding behavior and digestive processes. The model consists of two interconnected submodels. The ruminal digestion submodel describes flows of nutrients and is based on differential equations to simulate the dynamic evolution of particulate matter and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the reticulorumen. The diet is characterized by cell wall content and its potential digestibility, by the proportion of large particles (LP) retained on a 1-mm mesh sieve, and by an index of palatability. Particle comminution occurs during eating and ruminating. Intake is determined from attributes of the diet, animal live weight, and satiety status. Particulate outflow is calculated from a description of the activity of the reticulo-omasal orifice. Microbial digestion rates vary with lag phase, chemical fraction, size of particles, and ruminal pH. The VFA are aggregated into one compartment. The feeding decision submodel distinguishes among eating, ruminating, and resting. The choice among these activities is decided at each minute of simulation according to the relative values of functions of intake motivation (FMI) and of satiety (FSAT). The FMI function is based on diet palatability, energy balance, and the diurnal cycle. The FSAT function is determined by rumen load signals and energy balance. When the animal does not eat, the decision between ruminating and resting is related to the proportion of long particles in the rumen. Sensitivity analysis and validations indicate that the overall behavior of the model is adequate.
93 NAL Call No.: SF380.I52
Development of sheep fattening schemes in highland Balochistan, Pakistan.
Rodriguez, A.; Mayer, L. Small-rumin-res v.18(3): p.193-200. (1995 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; lamb-fattening; fattening-performance; development-projects; cooperative-farm-enterprises; concentrates; cereal-byproducts; feed-intake; liveweight-gain; selling-prices;
fluctuations; agropastoral-systems; agricultural-credit; cooperative-credit
94 NAL Call No.: 10-J822
Diet-induced variation in acetate metabolism of ovine perirenal adipose tissue in vitro.
Scollan, N. D.; Jessop, N. S. J-agric-sci v.125(pt. 3): p.429-436. (1995 Dec.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lambs; acetates; metabolism; blood-plasma; blood-chemistry; renal-function;
adipose-tissue; diet; pulps; protein-content; glucose; insulin; carbon-dioxide; lipids; chemical-composition; carbohydrates; quantitative-analysis; oxidation; dosage-effects; digestible-energy;
nutrient-balance; rumen-digestion; slaughter; lamb-meat; food-composition; barley-pulp;
sugarbeet-pulp
95
Diet of feral goats and feral pigs on Auckland Island, New Zealand.
Chimera C; Coleman MC; Parkes JP New-Zealand-Journal-of-Ecology v.19(2): p.203-207; 18
ref (1995)
Descriptors: conservation; botanical-composition; diets; grasses; browse; forbs; wild-animals;
Anisotome-antipode; Durvillea-antarctica
96 NAL Call No.: SF380.I52
Diet selection by goats in the sagebrush steppe of eastern Oregon.
Richman, L. M.; Johnson, D. E. Small-rumin-res v.18(1): p.7-17. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: goats; feeding-preferences; artemisia-tridentata; rangelands; diet; botanical-composition; seasonal-fluctuations; age-differences; range-management; browsing; brush-control; biomass; kids; oregon
97
Diet selection by sheep and goats in the arid Karoo.
Toit PCV du; Blom CD; Immelman WF; Du Toit PCV African-Journal-of-Range-and-Forage-Science v.12(1): p.16-26; 26 ref (1995)
Descriptors: grassland-management; diets; seasonal-variation; grasslands; arid-grasslands;
grazing-systems; grazing; selective-grazing; mixed-grazing; feeding-habits
98
Diet selection by sheep and goats in the Noorsveld.
Toit PCV du; Blom CD; Du Toit PCV African-Journal-of-Range-and-Forage-Science v.12(1):
p.27-37; 26 ref (1995)
Descriptors: grassland-management; diets; seasonal-variation; grazing; selective-grazing
99 NAL Call No.: 389.8-B773
Diet selection in sheep: the role of the rumen environment in the selection of a diet from two
feeds that differ in their energy density.
Cooper, S. D. B.; Kyriazakis, I.; Nolan, J. V. Br-j-nutr. Cambridge [England] : Cambridge
University Press ; Chicago, Ill. : Agent for U.S.A., The University of Chicago Press, 1947-. July
1995. v. 74 (1) p. 39-54.
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; diet; feeding-preferences; rumen-contents; energy-content; experimental-diets; feed-formulation; liveweight-gain; feed-intake; metabolizable-energy; feed-conversion-efficiency; digestive-tract; infusion; fistulation; ph; osm
o
tic-pressure; acid-treatment; alkali-treatment; dosage-effects
Abstract: The effect of the energy density (ED) of feeds offered as a choice on the diet selection of sheep, and the relationship between the rumen environment and the diet selected from feeds of different ED were investigated in two experiments. In the first experiment two feeds, L and H, and their mixture M (3:1 w/w) were formulated. All feeds had similar calculated metabolizable
100 NAL Call No.: QL750.A6
Dietary habits and social interactions affect choice of feeding location by sheep.
Scott, C. B.; Provenza, F. D.; Banner, R. E. Appl-anim-behav-sci v.45(3/4): p.225-237. (1995
Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lambs; feeding-preferences; food-preferences; sorghum; wheat; novel-foods;
foraging; avoidance-conditioning; spatial-distribution
Abstract: Individuals often occur in subgroups that differ in their choice of forage and habitat, even within the same environment. Different foods occur in disparate locations and thus differences in dietary habits could provide one explanation for the formation of subgroups and their use of the environment. In addition, subgroups may form as a result of social interactions. We conducted experiments to study the effects of food preference and social interactions on choice of feeding location by lambs. In 1992, 12 lambs that had been reared together were separated into two groups of six lambs. Groups were conditioned to prefer one of two grains, either milo (Sorghum bicolor) or wheat (Triticum aestivum) by feeding milo or wheat for 14 days. Lambs were conditioned to avoid the other grain by following its ingestion with a mild dose of the toxin lithium chloride (LiCl) on 3 consecutive days. During testing, milo and wheat were placed at opposite ends of a 0.25 ha pasture. Lambs were first allowed to feed as groups consisting of three lambs that preferred milo and three lambs that preferred wheat, and then allowed to feed as groups in which one lamb preferred milo with three lambs that preferred wheat, and vice versa. Under both conditions, lambs always foraged on their preferred food, even when the locations of the foods were switched. In 1993, we repeated the study from 1992 in a larger pasture (1 ha) and without the use of LiCl. Lambs were reared in three different groups and fed either milo (Group 1), wheat (Group 2), or half of the lambs were fed milo and the other half were fed wheat (Group 3) for 4 months to condition a preference for either milo or wheat. When we combined lambs that preferred milo from Group I with lambs that preferred wheat from Group 2 to form subgroups of strangers, lambs fed in different locations. Conversely, social interactions and food preferences both affected choice of foraging location when lambs were reared together (companions). For instance, some lambs that preferred wheat grazed in the vicinity while peers ate milo, whereas lambs that preferred milo grazed in the vicinity while peers ate wheat. In other cases, one or two lambs separated from the rest of the group and ate their preferred grain. We conclude that food preference had a primary influence on choice of foraging location when lambs were reared separately (strangers) and preferred different foods. Food preferences and social interactions both influenced choice of foraging location for companions unless animals were made averse to one of the foods with LiCl, in which case dietary preferences overrode social influences.
101 NAL Call No.: QH540.A8
The dietary overlap between red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) and sheep (Ovis aries) in the
arid rangelands of Australia.
Edwards, G. P.; Dawson, T. J.; Croft, D. B. Aust-j-ecol v.20(2): p.324-334. (1995 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; macropus-rufus; feeding-preferences; diet; paddocks; animal-competition;
interspecific-competition; shrubs; grasses; rangelands; arid-regions; grazing-experiments; new-south-wales
102 NAL Call No.: SF55.A78A7
Diets of the Philippine indigenous sheep: its comparison to indigenous goats diets and
influence of sampling methods.
Serra, A. B.; Serra, S. D.; Serra, F. B.; Domingo, I. J.; Cruz, L. C.; Fujihara, T. Asian-australas-j-anim-sci v.8(2): p.163-169. (1995 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; goats; selective-grazing; diet; proximate-analysis; mineral-content;
sampling; upland-areas; lowland-areas; crude-protein; crude-fiber; species-differences;
philippines
103 NAL Call No.: QL750.A6
Differences in ewe and wether behavior when bonded to cattle.
Anderson DM; Estell RE; Havstad KM; Shupe WL; Libeau R; Murray LW Applied-Animal-Behaviour-Science v.47(3-4): p.201-209; 27 ref (1996)
Descriptors: grazing; predation; animal-behaviour; ewes; wethers; mixed-grazing; social-behaviour; bonding
104 NAL Call No.: 45.9-Sv2
Different concentrate strategies around kidding. [Olika kraftfoderstrategier kring
killningen.]
Bernes G Farskotsel v.75(6): p.12-13 (1995)
Descriptors: goat-milk; yields; birth-weight; kids; plane-of-nutrition; reproduction; concentrates;
intake; composition; pregnancy
105 NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Differential effects of plane of protein or energy nutrition on visceral organs and hormones
in lambs.
Wester, T. J.; Britton, R. A.; Klopfenstein, T. J.; Ham, G. A.; Hickok, D. T.; Krehbiel, C. R. J-anim-sci v.73(6): p.1674-1688. (1995 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lambs; plane-of-nutrition; dietary-protein; liver; mass; undernutrition; refeeding;
body-weight; liveweight-gain; feed-intake; dry-matter; energy-intake; protein-intake; feed-conversion; digestive-tract; lungs; heart; blood-plasma; somatotropin; oxygen-consumption;
hormone-secretion; insulin-like-growth-factor; insulin; blood-serum; triiodothyronine; thyroxine
Abstract: Modulation of somatotrophic and homeorhetic hormones, along with changes in visceral mass and metabolic activity, were measured in growing lambs restricted in energy (ER) or metabolizable protein (PR) to maintain BW for 7 wk and then repleted for 2 wk. Control lambs were fed an adequate diet for 9 wk. Serum IGF-I decreased more rapidly in PR, but both ER and PR were 70% of controls by wk 7 of restriction (P < .05) and increased above controls by d 14 of repletion. Somatotropin, increased by PR, returned to control levels upon repletion (P < .05). Insulin was decreased by PR (P < .02) but was transiently elevated above controls by repletion in ER and PR at d 2 (P < .01). Serum triiodothyronine, reduced to 70% of controls by PR and ER, returned to control levels after d 6 of repletion (P < .05). Thyroxine declined gradually to 65% of controls in ER and PR (P < .07) but did not respond to repletion. By wk 7 of restriction, liver mass in ER and PR was decreased to 50% of controls (P < .05). Return of liver mass, on an empty body weight basis, occurred by d 2 of repletion (P < .01). In vitro O2 consumption per gram of liver tissue was increased to 125% of controls by ER and PR (P < .05). Calculated whole liver O2 consumption in ER and PR was 68% of controls at wk 7 of restriction (P < .10). Protein restriction had a more immediate impact on hormones but not on visceral mass or activity compared with energy restriction. Elevated IGF-I levels, as observed in previously restricted lambs, may mediate compensatory growth in ruminants.
106 NAL Call No.: SF380.I52
Direct observation of biting for studying grazing behavior of goats and llamas on garrigue
rangelands.
Dumont, B.; Meuret, M.; Prud'hon, M. Small-rumin-res v.16(1): p.27-35. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: goats; llamas; feeding-preferences; garrigue; feed-intake; dry-matter; spring;
summer; grazing-behavior; browse-plants; browsing; botanical-composition; biting-rates; france
107 NAL Call No.: 49.9-Eu7
The diversification of lamb production in extensive farming systems. How do producers
adapt their technical systems? A case study of Causse Mejan (France, Southern Massif
Central). Diversification de la production de viande ovine en elevage extensif. [Comment
les eleveurs adaptent-ils leurs systemes techniques? Le cas du Causse Mejan (France, sud
du Massif Central).]
Lhuillier C; Lardon S; Osty PL; Flamant JC (ed.); Portugal AV (ed.); Costa JP (ed.); Nunes AF
(ed.); Boyazoglu J Animal production and rural tourism in Mediterranean Regions. Proceedings
of the International Symposium on Animal Production and Rural Tourism in Mediterranean
Regions organized by EAAP, FAO, CIHEAM and SNFEZ of Portugal, Evora, Portugal, 10-13
October 1993. 1995, 73-77; EAAP Publication No. 74; 5 ref
Descriptors: quality; demand; diversification; farm-income; employment; technical-progress;
lamb-meat; production; tourism-development; less-favoured-areas; food-consumption; Animal-production-and-rural-tourism
108 NAL Call No.: S1.M57
Dorper: a hardy meat sheep.
Mitcham, S. Small-farm-today v.13(4): p.32. (1996 Aug.)
Descriptors: sheep; dorper; intensive-livestock-farming; grazing
109
Dry matter consumption of Bengal goats under deep litter system of management in West
Bengal.
Samanta AK; Senapati PK; Roy SP Environment-and-Ecology v.13(2): p.351-353; 10 ref (1995)
Descriptors: management; feeding-behaviour; deep-litter-housing; environmental-temperature;
feed-intake; housing
110 NAL Call No.: 100-C12Cag
Early sexual experience improves ram breeding.
Price, E. O.; Dally, M. R.; Borgwardt, R. Calif-agric v.50(4): p.37-40. (1996 July-1996 Aug.)
Descriptors: sheep; rams; reproductive-performance; evaluation; age-at-first-mating;
ejaculation; performance-testing; mating-behavior; sexual-development
111 NAL Call No.: 49.9-H19
Eating and rumination behavior in goats receiving rye hay with unchopped or chopped
forms harvested at two stages of growth.
Moon SH; Jeon BT; Hirota H Korean-Journal-of-Animal-Science v.37(2): p.136-144; 14 ref
(1995)
Descriptors: processing; feeding-behaviour; mastication; rumination; rye; forage; hay; maturity-stage; particle-size
112 NAL Call No.: 49.9-Eu7 No.83
Economic diversity of mountain sheep farms and complementarity strategies in land use.
Manrique E; Olaizola A; Bernues A; Revilla R; Zervas NP (ed.); Hatziminaoglou J The optimal
exploitation of marginal Mediterranean areas by extensive ruminant production systems.
Proceedings of an international symposium organized by HSAP and EAAP and sponsored by
EU(DGVI), FAO and CIHEAM, Thessaloniki, Greece, 18-20 June, 1994. 1996, 61-66; EAAP
Publication No. 83; 13 ref
Descriptors: classification; sheep-farming; farming-systems; transhumance; mountain-areas ID:
optimal-exploitation-of-marginal-Mediterranean-areas-by-extensive-ruminant-production-system
113 NAL Call No.: 60.18-J82
Economic feasibility of grazing sheep on leafy spurge-infested rangeland in Montana.
Williams, K. E.; Lacey, J. R.; Olson, B. E. J-range-manage v.49(4): p.372-374. (1996 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; euphorbia-esula; selective-grazing; carrying-capacity; ranching; cattle-farming; stocking-rate; farm-budgeting; fencing; profits; cost-benefit-analysis; montana
Abstract: Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is a noxious weed on rangelands throughout the Northern Great Plains. Most of these ranges are grazed by cattle which do not use leafy spurge as forage. Although sheep graze leafy spurge, most land managers are reluctant to use sheep to control this noxious weed, which may be related to economic uncertainties regarding their profitability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility of implementing a sheep enterprise to control leafy spurge on cattle ranches. The physical characteristics of a typical Northern Great Plains ranch, recommended stocking rates for cattle and sheep on native and leafy spurge-infested rangelands, and a sheep enterprise budget were developed using information from the literature. A LOTUS spreadsheet was developed to calculate returns over total costs of implementing various sheep enterprises. Annual returns from implementing sheep grazing on 520 ha of leafy spurge on a 4,905 ha ranch exceeded total costs by $4,675. Given the ownership costs and returns of our ranch, the breakeven lamb price would be $1.16 kg-1. Returns per head and per unit of land will vary with the distribution and size of a leafy spurge infestation, and sheep production costs and returns. Returns from sheep grazing were higher when leafy spurge was concentrated in fewer rather than in many pastures. Returns were positive when as little as 4% of the ranch was infested with leafy spurge. The availability and utility of our model will allow land managers to assess the feasibility of developing sheep enterprises to control leafy spurge.
114 NAL Call No.: HD1930.S4E4
Economic report on Scottish agriculture.
UK, Scottish Office, Agriculture and Fisheries Department. 1995, vi + 67 pp
Descriptors: arable-farming; cereals; oilseeds; land-diversion; mixed-farming; dairy-farming;
sheep-farming; cattle-farming; farmers'-income; prices; livestock-numbers; employment;
agricultural-manpower; agricultural-censuses; agricultural-situation; farm-surveys; farm-income;
cows; dairy-farms
115 NAL Call No.: QH541.5.D4J6
Economic returns from improved technology for livestock production on rangelands in
Mendoza, Argentina.
Guevara, J. C.; Estevez, O. R.; Christensen, J. H.; Paez, J. A. J-arid-environ. London, New York,
Academic Press. Jan 1995. v. 29 (1) p. 115-122.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cattle; sheep; goats; rangelands; free-range-husbandry; cattle-husbandry; returns;
break-even-point; economic-evaluation; cost-benefit-analysis; improvement; range-management;
argentina; net-present-value
116
An economic review of farming in the North West 1994/95.
Farrar J Bulletin -Centre-for-Agricultural,-Food-and-Resource-Economics,-School-of-Economic-Studies,-Univers ity-of-Manchester. 1996, No. 234-FBS 80, v + 106 pp
Descriptors: arable-farming; dairy-farming; livestock-farming; sheep-farming; cattle-farming;
farm-income; costs; returns; gross-margins; profitability; farm-surveys; farm-results; dairy-farms
117 NAL Call No.: TX341.F3
Economics of hill sheep production.
Connolly L Farm-and-Food v.6(1): p.30-32 (1996)
Descriptors: costs; returns; farm-results; subsidies; support-measures; sheep-farming;
profitability; upland-areas
118 NAL Call No.: 281.9-C332
The economics of sheep farming in Slovakia and forecasts for the year 2000. [Ekonomika
chovu oviec na Slovensku a jej predikcia v roku 2000.]
Vlacil R Zemedelska-Ekonomika v.42(7): p.315-319; 12 ref (1996)
Descriptors: sheepmeat; wool; cheeses; production; supply; prices; sheep-farming; profitability;
ewe-milk; animal-production; censuses; meat-production; wool-production
119 NAL Call No.: SF380.I52
Effect of amount offered on intake, digestibility and value of Gliricidia sepium Leucaena
leucocephala for west African Dwarf goats.
Bosman, H. G.; Versteegden, C. J. G. M.; Odeyinka, S. M.; Tolkamp, B. J. Small-rumin-res
v.15(3): p.247-256. (1995 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: goats; west-african-dwarf; gliricidia-sepium; leucaena-leucocephala; leaves;
chemical-composition; feed-intake; dry-matter; voluntary-intake; goat-feeding; digestibility;
plane-of-nutrition; liveweight-gain; feed-conversion; nigeria; refusal-rate
120 NAL Call No.: 10-J822
Effect of condensed tannins in Lotus pedunculatus on the nutritive value of ryegrass
(Lolium perenne) fed to sheep.
Waghorn, G. C.; Shelton, I. D. J-agric-sci v.125(pt.2): p.291-297. (1995 Oct.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep-feeding; tannins; lotus-uliginosus; nutritive-value; lolium-perenne; feed-evaluation; nitrogen-content; dry-matter; digestibility; rumen-digestion; rumen-metabolism;
metabolites; growth; wool; liveweight-gain
121 NAL Call No.: 10-J822
Effect of condensed tannins upon the performance of lambs grazing Lotus corniculatus and
lucerne (Medicago sativa).
Wang, Y.; Douglas, G. B.; Waghorn, G. C.; Barry, T. N.; Foote, A. G.; Purchas, R. W. J-agric-sci v.126(pt.1): p.87-98. (1996 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lambs; wool-production; carcass-yield; growth; feed-intake; nutritive-value;
grazing; lotus-corniculatus; medicago-sativa; leaves; stems; plant-composition; tannins; feed-evaluation; rumen-digestion; digestibility; metabolites; chemical-composition; new-zealand
122 NAL Call No.: QP251.A1T5
The effect of diet in late pregnancy of progesterone concentration and colostrum yield in
ewes.
O'Doherty, J. V.; Crosby, T. F. Theriogenology v.46(2): p.233-241. (1996 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: ewes; pregnancy; plane-of-nutrition; blood-serum; progesterone; colostrum; grass-silage; beet-pulp; silage; soybean-oilmeal; feed-supplements; lambing; postpartum-period; igg;
yields; energy-intake; protein-intake; crude-protein
Abstract: In the ewe, high level feeding is associated with low levels of circulating progesterone and that progesterone withdrawal is a prerequisite for lactogenesis and the onset of copious milk secretion. A total of 108 ewes was allocated to a 3 X 2 factorial experiment to determine the effect of diet on serum progesterone (P4) concentration and colostrum yield. On D 96 of pregnancy, the ewes were offered either grass silage, molassed sugar beet pulp (beet pulp) silage or grass silage supplemented with beet pulp. A ewes were given ad libitum access to silage. From D 126 of pregnancy, half the diets were supplemented with soybean meal with the aim of achieving a total crude protein intake of 220 g/ewe/day. Blood samples were taken on D 142 of pregnancy and at 1, 10 and 18 h post lambing for P4 determination. Metabolizable energy intakes (Mega Joules/ewe/day) of 9.1, 11.2 and 12.1 (SEM 0.37) and crude protein intakes (g/ewe/day) of 142.8, 167.4 and 162.0 (SEM 3.46) were recorded for grass silage, beet pulp ensiled and beet pulp supplemented silages, respectively, from D 126 to D 147 of pregnancy. Soybean meal supplementation increased the crude protein intake from 97.1 to 217.0 g/ewe/day (SEM 2.86) and Metabolisable Energy intake from 9.0 to 12.6 Mega Joules/ewe/day (SEM 0.31). Supplementation with soybean meal decreased P4 concentration (ng/ml)on D 142(p < 0.05)and at 1 h(P <0.01), 10h (P <0.01)and 18h post lambing(P < 0.01). Ewes offered grass silage had higher P4 concentrations on D 142 (P < 0.01) and at 1 h after lambing (P < 0.05) than the beet pulp-supplemented ewes. There were negative linear relationships between P4 concentration at D 142 and colostrum yield at 1 h (P < 0.01) and between P4 concentration at 1 h and colostrum yield at 1 h (P < 0.001) and total yield at 18 h (P < 0.001). In conclusion, ewes which were underfed had higher P4 concentrations at all times, and there were negative linear relationships between colostrum yield and P4 concentrations on D 142 of pregnancy and at 1 h post lambing.
123 NAL Call No.: SF380.I52
Effect of dietary protein level on thermoregulation, digestion and water economy in desert
sheep.
Ahmed, M. M. M.; Abdellatif, A. M. Small-rumin-res v.18(1): p.51-56. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; dietary-protein; body-temperature; environmental-temperature; water-balance; nitrogen-balance; crude-protein; feed-intake; dry-matter; liveweight-gain; water-intake;
respiration-rate; rumen-contents; ph; ammonia; volatile-fatty-acids; blood; metabolites; sudan
124 NAL Call No.: 41.8-R312
Effect of dietary protein on the regulation of populations of Nematodirus battus by lambs.
Israf, D. A.; Coop, R. L.; Jackson, F.; Jackson, E. Res-vet-sci v.60(3): p.276-277. (1996 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lambs; nematodirus-battus; dietary-protein; protein-supplements; nematode-larvae;
experimental-infections; nutritional-state; immunity; susceptibility; nematode-control
Abstract: Two groups of seven and two groups of six lambs were offered either a complete basal ruminant diet (13.2 per cent crude protein [CP]) (groups 2 and 4) or the same diet supplemented with fish meal (18.3 per cent CP) (groups 1 and 3). Groups 1 and 2 were infected daily for seven weeks with Nematodirus battus larvae (L3) and groups 3 and 4 served as uninfected challenge controls. All the groups were treated with anthelmintic in the eighth week, challenged with a single dose of 30,000 N battus L3 one week later and killed nine days after the challenge. Although protein supplementation tended to enhance the regulation of the population of N battus in the lambs which had been infected continuously, the effect was not statistically significant. The worm burdens in both the groups of previously infected lambs were significantly reduced both in number and size (P<0.001) and they had a lower proportion of male worms than the uninfected challenge controls. The lambs could be segregated into high or low responders on the basis of their worm burdens, and there was a significant reduction in worm burdens (P<0.001) and size (P<0.01) in parallel with the lambs' responsiveness. The identification of high and low responders shows that when the dietary protein supply is adequate the predominant effect of the host on the pathogenicity of its parasites is the host's genetically-determined susceptibility.
125 NAL Call No.: 41.8-R312
Effect of dietary protein supplementation on the development of immunity to Ostertagia
circumcincta in growing lambs.
Coop, R. L.; Huntley, J. F.; Smith, W. D. Res-vet-sci v.59(1): p.24-29. (1995 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lambs; teladorsagia-circumcincta; protein-supplements; casein; immunity;
development; supplementary-feeding; feed-intake; liveweight-gain; growth-rate
Abstract: Thirty four-and-a-half-month-old worm-free lambs were used to determine whether the rate of development of immunity to Ostertagia circumcincta infection in growing lambs could be influenced by the addition of a by-pass protein supplement. Sixteen lambs (groups 1 and 2) were fitted with an abomasal catheter and infected daily with 2000 O circumcincta L3 for eight weeks. Group 1 lambs received 45 g of crude protein day 1 (sodium caseinate) as a continuous infusion into the abomasum from week -1 to week 8. At week 9, groups 1 and 2, together with eight naive controls (group 3), were treated with anthelmintic and challenged one week later with 50,000 O circumcincta L3 and killed after a further 10 days. An additional six worm-free lambs provided feed intake and growth rate data. All the lambs were offered a complete ruminant ration (167 g crude protein kg-1) ad libitum. The cumulative liveweight gain of both the trickle-infected groups was less than that of the controls. The mean faecal egg counts were lower in group 1 from day 39 after infection and the mean worm burdens were significantly lower than in group 2. Total Ostertagia populations did not differ significantly between group 3 and either group 1 or 2 lambs. Early L4 stages constituted a greater percentage of the total worm population in group 1 (79.5) and group 2 (48.5) than in the challenge controls (group 3) (20.4). The trickle-infected lambs also had higher concentrations of gastric mast cell protease which correlated positively with the proportion of early L4 stages and negatively with the total worm burden. The provision of by-pass protein supplement accelerated the development of immunity to O.
126 NAL Call No.: 41.8-N483
The effect of electro-ejaculation on aversive behaviour and plasma cortisol concentration in
rams.
Stafford KJ; Spoorenberg J; West DM; Vermunt JJ; Petrie N; Lawoko CRO New-Zealand-Veterinary-Journal v.44(3): p.95-98; 17 ref (1996)
Descriptors: hydrocortisone; animal-behaviour; rams; shearing; electroejaculation; stress;
animal-welfare
127 NAL Call No.: QL750.E82
Effect of ewe age and high population density on the early nursing behaviour of mouflon.
Reale D; Bousses P Ethology,-Ecology-and-Evolution v.7(4): p.323-334; 47 ref (1995)
Descriptors: ewes; lambs; suckling; age; wild-animals
128 NAL Call No.: QP251.A1T5
Effect of exogenous melatonin and plane of nutrition after weaning on estrous activity,
endocrine status and ovulation rate in Salz ewes lambing in the seasonal anestrus.
Forcada, F.; Zarazaga, L.; Abecia, J. A. Theriogenology v.43(7): p.1179-1193. (1995 May)
Includes references.
Descriptors: ewes; melatonin; blood-plasma; controlled-release; estrous-cycle; ovulation-rate;
body-weight; body-condition; weaning; hormone-secretion; lh; spain
Abstract: Forty-nine Spanish Salz ewes lambing in the second fortnight of March (20 March +/- 15 d) were used to determine the effects of exogenous melatonin and postweaning nutrition on endocrine status, date of first estrus and ovulation rate. Experimental design was a factorial defined by 2 postweaning planes of nutrition, 1.80 (high) and 1.35 (low) times the maintenance requirements, and treatment with a single 18-mg subcutaneous implant of melatonin (M) 32 d after lambing or no treatment control (C). Mean weaning to first estrus interval was shorter in treated than in control ewes (50.8 +/- 4.2 vs 87.6 +/- 6.3 d; P < 0.01). Considering both the treated and control animals together, the ratio between mean night and daytime plasma melatonin levels was significantly correlate with the implant insertion-first estrus interval on Day 5 (0.67; P <0.01) and Day 35 (0.63; P < 0.05) after implantation. Melatonin implants induced a significant increase of mean LH concentrations at Days 14 and 33 after implantation (P < 0.01) without any significant influence of plane of nutrition. Ovulation rate was higher for treated than control ewes the second estrus (P < 0.05). An interaction between plane of nutrition and exogenous melatonin on ovulation rate at the second cycle after weaning was detected (P < 0.01), being close to the significance in the first, fourth and fifth cycles (P < 0.1). These result suggest that exogenous melatonin in April may be an effective way of advancing the breeding season and enhancing ovulation rate associated with a low rather than a high plane of nutrition.
129 NAL Call No.: SF380.I52
Effect of feeding on Leucaena leucocephala supplemented rations on thyroid hormones and
fasting heat production in Jamunapari goats.
Haque, N.; Varshney, V. P.; Khan, M. Y.; Lal, M. Small-rumin-res v.19(1): p.29-33. (1996 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: goats; leucaena-leucocephala; thyroid-function; triiodothyronine; thyroxine; heat-production; fasting; dietary-protein; peanut-oilmeal; diet; oat-hay; maize; feed-intake; dry-matter;
respiratory-quotient; body-weight; oxygen-consumption; carbon-dioxide; methane-production
130 NAL Call No.: SF55.A78A7
Effect of flock size on the performance of goats fed gliricidia-supplemented diet in dryland
farming in Bali, Indonesia.
Sukanten IW; Nitis IM; Uchida S; Putra S; Lana K Asian-Australasian-Journal-of-Animal-Sciences v.9(3): p.271-279; 17 ref (1996)
Descriptors: feed-conversion-efficiency; liveweight-gain; feed-intake; carcass-quality; group-size
131 NAL Call No.: SF380.I52
Effect of genotype and plane of nutrition on carcass characteristics of Thai native and
Anglo-Nubian X Thai native male goats.
Pralomkarn, W.; Saithanoo, S.; Kochapakdee, S.; Norton, B. W. Small-rumin-res v.16(1): p.21-25. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: goats; goat-breeds; anglo-nubian; crossbreds; plane-of-nutrition; feed-intake;
carcass-weight; dressing-percentage; muscle-weight; body-fat; bone-weight
132 NAL Call No.: RA639.M44
The effect of host nutrition on itch mite, Psorergates ovis, populations and fleece
derangement in sheep.
Johnson, P. W. Med-vet-entomol v.10(2): p.121-128. (1996 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; psorobia-ovis; infestation; population-density; nutritional-state; diet; fleece;
damage; fleece-weight; skin; histology; australia; skin-scurf
Abstract: A group of thirty-two Merino sheep infested with itch mites (Psorergates ovis) and fed a maintenance diet which imposed moderate nutritional stress had a significantly higher mite population, significantly more skin scurf, and significantly more fleece damage or derangement (P < 0.05) than a second group of thirty-two infested sheep fed a diet designed for unrestricted body weight gain and wool growth. Histologically there were no significant differences between the groups in the numbers of mast cells, neutrophils or eosinophils observed in skin sections, but sheep that had high mite counts (> 10 per 200 cm2 of skin area) in both groups, had more dermal mast cells than sheep with fewer mites irrespective of the plane of nutrition. Skin thickness and greasy fleece weight in the group maintained on the low plane of nutrition were significantly less (P < 0.05) than in the well-nourished group, reflecting the difference in protein and energy content of the two diets. Within the nutritionally stressed group, the sheep with low mite counts had a significantly lower (P < 0.05) greasy fleece weight and a shorter mean staple length than the sheep with high mite counts. There was no significant difference in greasy fleece weight between sheep with low or high mite counts in the group fed on the high plane of nutrition.
133 NAL Call No.: SF1.A56
Effect of increasing level of spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus indica var. inermis) on intake
and digestion by sheep given straw-based diets.
Ben Salem, H.; Nefzaoui, A.; Abdouli, H.; Orskov, E. R. Anim-sci v.62(pt.2): p.293-299. (1996
Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; opuntia-ficus-indica; wheat-straw; urea; feed-supplements; protein-content;
water-intake; voluntary-intake; digestibility; feed-intake; dry-matter; crude-protein; fiber-content;
rumen-fermentation; ammonium-nitrogen; volatile-fatty-acids; rumen-protozoa; cellulose-digestion; enzyme-activity; ph; diurnal-variation; tunisia
134 NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Effect of intravenous glucose infusion on metabolism of portal-drained viscera in sheep fed
a cereal/straw-based diet.
Balcells, J.; Seal, C. J.; Parker, D. S. J-anim-sci v.73(7): p.2146-2155. (1995 July)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; blood-sugar; glucose; infusion; intestinal-absorption; hematocrit; blood-flow; rumen-fermentation; volatile-fatty-acids; nitrogen-content; feed-intake; straw; barley;
wheat; soybean-oilmeal; pelleted-feeds; rumen-fluid; metabolites; blood-plasma; insulin; amino-acids
Abstract: This experiment investigated the effect of intrajugular infusion of glucose on whole-body glucose metabolism and the absorption of nutrients by the portal-drained viscera of four Suffolk-cross sheep average BW 46 +/- 7 kg, fed a cereal/straw-based pelleted diet. Each sheep received by random allocation 0 (control), 1.0, or 2.0 mg of glucose kg BW-1.min-1 for 8 h infused into the jugular vein. Glucose irreversible loss rate, measured by simultaneous infusion of 6-[3H]-glucose, increased approximately stoichiometrically during glucose infusion (.51, .75, and 1.09 error mean square [EMS] .032 mmol/min for control, 1.0, and 2.0 mg of glucose infused kg BW-1.min-1, respectively). Utilization of glucose increased in portal tissues (P = 0.89) as a result of glucose infusion (.17, .18, and .33 EMS .008 mmol/ min) and was a constant proportion of glucose irreversible loss (.28). Portal blood flow was not affected by glucose infusion (overall mean 1.13 L/min EMS .034). Net portal absorption of acetate increased during glucose infusion although ruminal VFA concentrations were not affected. In contrast, net free amino acid absorption by portal-drained tissues was reduced during glucose infusion (291, 115, and 4 EMS 33,816 micromoles/min, P = .054). These results show that metabolism of nutrients across the gut wall is influenced by glucose availability to gastrointestinal tissues and affects the pattern of nutrients available to the liver and peripheral tissues.
135 NAL Call No.: 26-T754
Effect of legume supplements on cassava peel silage utilization by West African Dwarf
goats.
Adejumo, J. O. Trop-agric v.72(2): p.175-177. (1995 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: west-african-dwarf-goat-breed; goat-feeding; silage; cassava-peel; leucaena-leaf-meal; gliricidia-sepium; leaf-meal; protein-supplements; nutritive-value; feed-intake; liveweight-gain; growth-rate; ratios; feed-conversion-efficienc
y
; nutrition-physiology
136 NAL Call No.: SF15.P7A62
The effect of management and the way of productive use of sheep on the health status of
their udders.
Charon KM; Skolasinski W; Swiderek WP Annals-of-Warsaw-Agricultural-University,-Animal-Science. 1995, No. 31, 75-81; 16 ref
Descriptors: animal-husbandry; hygiene; sheep-housing; mastitis; ewes
137 NAL Call No.: 41.8In22
Effect of management systems on growth performance and behaviour of crossbred goat of
Assam.
Khound S; Saikia S; Bora JR Indian-Journal-of-Animal-Sciences v.66(3): p.307-308; 6 ref (1996)
Descriptors: management; systems; growth; performance; behaviour; body-weight; tropics
138 NAL Call No.: 23-Au783
The effect of nutrition and exercise on carcass parameters and the level of glycogen in
skeletal muscle of Merino sheep.
Pethick, D. W.; Rowe, J. B. Aust-j-agric-res v.47(4): p.525-537. (1996)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; feed-intake; exercise; glycogen; ph; skeletal-muscle; carcass-quality;
carcass-weight; fat-thickness
139 NAL Call No.: 41.8-R312
Effect of nutritional level on bodyweight, degree of anaemia and carcase composition of
sheep infected with Trypanosoma congolense.
Katunguka Rwakishaya, E. Res-vet-sci v.60(1): p.29-32. (1996 Jan.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; trypanosoma-congolense; plane-of-nutrition; trypanosomiasis; body-weight;
hematocrit; anemia; carcass-composition; growth-rate; protein-content; diet; experimental-infections
Abstract: The influence of nutritional level on the bodyweight, degree of anaemia and carcase composition of 24 sheep infected experimentally with Trypanosoma congolense was investigated. The infection caused a marked retardation of growth in the animals fed a low protein ration whereas the infected and control animals fed a high protein ration grew at similar rates. Both groups of infected animals developed similar degrees of anaemia but the infected group fed the high protein diet tended to sustain a higher intensity of parasitaemia than the group fed the low protein diet. The infection was also associated with low killing out percentages and a general reduction of total carcase protein, energy and fat. The decline in these carcase components was greater in the animals fed the low protein diet than in those receiving the high protein diet.
140 NAL Call No.: 389.8-B773
The effect of protein degradation products in grass silages on feed intake and intake
behaviour in sheep.
Os M van; Dulphy JP; Baumont R; Van Os M British-Journal-of-Nutrition v.73(1): p.51-64; 45
ref (1995)
Descriptors: protein-degradation; silage-quality; feed-intake; feeding-behaviour; grass-silage;
ammonia; amines
141 NAL Call No.: 49-J82
Effect of roasting on site and extent of digestion of soybean meal by sheep. I. Digestion of
nitrogen and amino acids.
Demjanec, B.; Merchen, N. R.; Cremin, J. D. Jr.; Aldrich, C. G.; Berger, L. L. J-anim-sci
v.73(3): p.824-834. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; soybean-oilmeal; roasting; duration; digestibility; solubility; protected-protein; diet; amino-acids; rumen-metabolism; volatile-fatty-acids; ph; flow; ammonium-nitrogen; nitrogen-metabolism; small-intestine; duodenum
Abstract: Six mature wethers (BW 72 kg) with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulas were fed a control (no added soybean meal [SBM]) diet or diets containing unheated SBM or SBM roasted at 165 degrees C for 75, 150, 180, or 210 min in a 6 X 6 Latin square experiment. Concentrations of indicators of heat exposure (ADIN, ADF, NDF) in SBM increased with increasing roasting time. Duodenal flows of total N, non-bacterial N, and SBM N increased (P < .05) linearly with increased roasting time. Small intestinal (SI) digestibility (percentage entering SI) of total N and SBM N was influenced quadratically (P < .05) by roasting time; SI digestibilities were modestly increased by heating SBM to 150 min, then declined dramatically when SBM was heated for 180 and 210 min. These responses resulted in a quadratic (P < .05) increase in quantity of total and SBM N disappearing in the SI; quantities increased as SBM was heated to 150 min and remained unchanged when SBM was heated for 180 and 210 min. These responses resulted in a quadratic (P < .05) increase in quantity of total and SBM N disappearing in the SI; quantities increased as SBM was heated to 150 min and remained unchanged when SBM was heated for 180 and 210 min. Duodenal flows and SI digestibilities of total and non-bacterial amino acids (AA) and of most individual AA followed patterns similar to those observed for N. Maximum quantities of total and individual AA disappeared from the SI when wethers were fed SBM roasted at 165 degrees C for 150 min. Evaluation of the effects of heat treatment on the nutritive value of a protein source for ruminants should include considerations for both ruminal protein escape and SI availability of escaped protein and for the nature of the AA supply absorbed from the SI.
142 NAL Call No.: 23-N4892
Effect of sire breed (Southdown, Suffolk), sex, and growth path on carcass composition of
crossbred lambs.
Kirton AH; Bennett GL; Dobbie JL; Mercer GJK; Duganzich DM New-Zealand-Journal-of-Agricultural-Research v.38(1): p.105-114; 31 ref (1995)
Descriptors: suffolk-sheep-breed; carcass-composition; southdown; sex; growth; lambs;
cryptorchidism; nutrition; crossbreeding; sex-differences
143 NAL Call No.: SF1.A56
Effect of space allowance during transport on the behavioural and physiological responses
of lambs during and after transport.
Cockram, M. S.; Kent, J. E.; Goddard, P. J.; Waran, N. K.; McGilp, I. M.; Jackson, R. E.;
Muwanga, G. M.; Prytherch, S. Anim-sci v.62(pt.3): p.461-477. (1996 June)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lambs; transport-of-animals; stress-response; space-requirements; floor-area; heart-rate; hydrocortisone; blood-sampling; posture; blood-plasma; restricted-feeding; water-deprivation; animal-welfare; creatine-kinase; aspartate-amin
o
transferase; enzyme-activity; body-weight; water-intake; animal-behavior; sheep-rumination; blood-protein; lying; feed-deprivation
144 NAL Call No.: 10-J822
Effect of species composition and sward structure on dietary quality in cattle and sheep
grazing South African sourveld.
O'Reagain, P. J.; Owen Smith, R. N. J-agric-sci v.127(pt.2): p.261-270. (1996 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: grasslands; grass-sward; species-diversity; stand-structure; plant-height; biomass;
grazing; cattle-feeding; sheep-feeding; feed-evaluation; in-vitro-digestibility; seasonal-variation;
soil-water; fire-effects; dormancy; grassland-management; crop-quality; south-africa
145 NAL Call No.: 10-J822
Effect of species composition and sward structure on the ingestive behaviour of cattle and
sheep grazing South African sourveld.
O'Reagain, P. J.; Goetsch, B. C.; Owen Smith, R. N. J-agric-sci v.127(pt.2): p.271-280. (1996
Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: grasslands; grass-sward; species-diversity; stand-structure; plant-height; biomass;
grazing; cattle-feeding; sheep-feeding; feed-intake; feed-evaluation; grassland-management;
crop-quality; south-africa
146 NAL Call No.: SF1.Z6
Effect of stocking density on productive performance and behaviour of artificially reared
female kids. [Effetto della densita di allevamento sulle prestazioni produttive e sul
comportamento di caprette allattate artificialmente.]
Sevi A; Muscio A; Campanaro G Zootecnica-e-Nutrizione-Animale v.21(2): p.111-117; 28 ref
(1995)
Descriptors: performance; kids; animal-welfare; housing; behaviour; feed-conversion-efficiency;
stocking-density; artificial-rearing
147 NAL Call No.: SF55.A78A7
Effects of activated carbon on growth, ruminal characteristics, blood profiles and feed
digestibility in sheep.
Garillo, E. P.; Pradhan, R.; Tobioka, H. Asian-australas-j-anim-sci v.8(1): p.43-50. (1995 Feb.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; activated-carbon; diet; roughage; concentrates; feed-intake; dry-matter;
liveweight-gain; feed-conversion; rumen; ph; rumen-protozoa; blood-chemistry; blood-picture;
digestibility
148 NAL Call No.: QL750.A6
The effects of agonistic behaviour and nutritional stress on both the success of pregnancy
and various plasma constituents in Angora goats.
Conway MLT; Blackshaw JK; Daniel RCW Applied-Animal-Behaviour-Science v.48(1-2): p.1-13; 19 ref (1996)
Descriptors: nutrition; aggression; stress; pregnancy; Angora; body-weight; pregnancy-toxaemia; abortion; behaviour; restricted-feeding; glucose; hydrocortisone; blood; agonistic-behaviour
149 NAL Call No.: SF380.I52
Effects of blood meal, fish meal, soybean meal or casein on rumen protein metabolism in
lambs.
Urbaniak, M. Small-rumin-res v.18(3): p.207-212. (1995 Nov.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lambs; blood-meal; soybean-oilmeal; casein; fish-meal; rumen-digestion; protein-digestibility; ammonia; dietary-protein; duodenum; flow; amino-acids; feed-intake; dry-matter
150 NAL Call No.: QL750.A6
Effects of castration on fear reactions of male sheep.
Vandenheede M; Bouissou MF Applied-Animal-Behaviour-Science v.47(3-4): p.211-224; 67 ref
(1996)
Descriptors: sex-differences; wethers; rams; castration; effects; behaviour; androgens;
hormones; fearfulness; animal-behaviour; fright
151 NAL Call No.: SF1.A56
Effects of clover and milk in the diet of grazed lambs on meat quality.
Vipond, J. E.; Marie, S.; Hunter, E. A. Anim-sci v.60(pt.2): p.231-238. (1995 Apr.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lambs; weaning; sown-grasslands; botanical-composition; grasses; lamb-meat;
sensory-evaluation; meat-quality; flavor; cooking-losses; trifolium-repens
152 NAL Call No.: 23-N4892
Effects of contrasting sward heights within forage species on short-term ingestive behaviour
of sheep and goats grazing grasses and legumes.
Gong Y; Lambert MG; Hodgson J New-Zealand-Journal-of-Agricultural-Research v.39(1): p.83-93; 20 ref (1996)
Descriptors: feeding-behaviour; grazing; plant-height; intake; grasses; legumes
153 NAL Call No.: 41.8-C163
Effects of crude protein content, protein degradability and energy concentration of the diet
on growth and carcass characteristics of market lambs fed high concentrate diets.
Beauchemin, K. A.; McClelland, L. A.; Jones, S. D. M.; Kozub, G. C. Can-j-anim-sci v.75(3):
p.387-395. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lambs; lamb-feeding; diet; protein-content; energy-content; protein-supplements;
growth-rate; carcass-composition; fish-meal; rapeseed-oilmeal; barley; undegradable-protein-supplements
Abstract: Weaned lambs (186 females and 141 castrated males) of various genotypes averaging 16.2 kg were used in an experiment to determine the effects on growth of altering protein and energy content of the diet, and supplementing concentrate diets with undegradable protein. Dietary effects on carcass leanness were assessed using male lambs slaughtered at a live weight of 41 kg. Lambs were fed one of five barley and canola meal based diets: (1) high energy, 15% CP, no fishmeal, (2) high energy, 15% CP, added fishmeal, (3) high energy, 18% CP, no fishmeal, (4) high energy, 18% CP, added fishmeal, and (5) moderate energy, 18% CP, added fishmeal. Canola meal contained 42.3% CP with a rumen degradability of 48.1%, while fishmeal contained 76.2% CP with a degradability of 15.2%. Diet 5 reduced growth rate, increased days on test, decreased feed efficiency, decreased dressing percentage, reduced internal fat and marginally decreased subcutaneous fat deposition, compared with a higher energy diet. Level of CP and protein degradability had little effect on growth and carcass characteristics. Dietary regime has limited potential to alter carcass leanness of feedlot lambs except by feeding for reduced growth rate which may increase production costs. Genetic selection and use of low input production systems may be more promising methods of improving carcass leanness.
154 NAL Call No.: 41.8-C163
Effects of dietary cation-anion concentrations on performance and acid-base balance in
growing lambs.
Fauchon, C.; Seoane, J. R.; Bernier, J. F. Can-j-anim-sci v.75(1): p.145-151. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: lambs; experimental-diets; ion-balance; cations; anions; balance-studies; feed-intake; liveweight-gain; digestibility; nutrients; blood-chemistry; urine; acid-base-equilibrium
Abstract: Twenty-four castrated lambs (32.4 +/- 4.1 kg BW) were used to study the effect of varying dietary cation-anion concentration [C-A] on performance and acid-base balance. The diets contained approximately 100, 300, 500 and 700 mequiv Na+K-Cl kg-1 of feed. Each group of six lambs was fed one of the diets ad libitum during a 6-wk test. Increasing the [C-A] of the diets resulted in higher feed intake and higher daily gains (P < 0.01) without affecting feed efficiency. Apparent digestibility of nutrients was not affected by the dietary treatments but a negative relationship was found between intake and energy digestibility (P < 0.01). Blood pH was lower in lambs receiving the 100 [C-A] diet (P < 0.05). Blood bicarbonate and base excess increased as [C-A] in the diet increased from 300 to 700 mequiv (P < 0.05). Plasma Mg concentration decreased with increasing dietary [C-A] (P < 0.01). Urinary pH and urine volume increased as [C-A] in the diet increased (P < 0.01). The results indicate that diets containing between 500 and 700 mequiv Na+K-Cl kg-1 stimulated growth by allowing greater feed intake and greater daily gains with little effect on nutrient digestibility. Blood profile showed a systemic response to dietary changes in [C-A], but indicated that lambs were able to adapt to cation loads since the values obtained for acid-base balance were within physiological range for lambs.
155
Effects of dietary fibre and protected fats on goat milk composition. [Effets des fibres et
des matieres grasses protegees sur la composition du lait de chevre.]
Rousselot MC; Broqua CB; Araujo C de; Borgida LP; De Araujo C 2emes rencontres autour des
recherches sur les ruminants, Paris, France, 13-14 decembre 1995. 1995, 225-229; 12 ref
Descriptors: goat-milk; lipids; goat-feeding; fibre; fats; protected-fat; milk-yield; milk-fat-yield;
milk-protein-yield; yields; composition; supplements; 2emes-rencontres-autour-des-recherches-sur-les-ruminants
156 NAL Call No.: 41.8-C163
Effects of dietary hydroxides on intake, digestion, rumen fermentation and acid-base
balance in sheep fed a high-barley diet.
Boukila, B.; Seoane, J. R.; Bernier, J. F. Can-j-anim-sci v.75(3): p.359-369. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: wethers; sheep-feeding; calcium-hydroxide; hydroxides; feed-intake; digestibility;
rumen-fermentation; acid-base-equilibrium; metabolites; barley; magnesium-hydroxide
Abstract: Eight mature wethers fitted with rumen cannulae were used in a double 4 X 4 Latin square feeding trial to study the effect of dietary alkalis on digestive physiology of sheep fed a high-barley diet. The treatments were: C = control diet composed of 17% alfalfa meal and 83% concentrate, on as-fed basis; CA = control plus 1% Ca(OH)2; MG = control plus 0.79% Mg(OH)2; CAMG = control plus 0.5% Ca(OH)2 and 0.39% Mg(OH)2. Dry matter intake averaged 1.91, 2.54, 2.79, and 2.72% of BW for diets C, CA, MG and CAMG, respectively (P < 0.01). Digestible DM intake was also affected by the treatments and averaged 0.97, 1.26, 1.35 and 1.37 kg d-1 for C, CA, MG, and CAMG diets, respectively (P < 0.01). Apparent DM digestibility was higher in sheep fed the C diet than in those fed the other diets (P < 0.03) and it was inversely related to intake (P < 0.01). Total VFA concentration was lower in sheep fed C than in those fed the hydroxides (P < 0.01). Proportions of individual VFA were not altered by the diet except for isobutyrate which was higher in sheep fed the C diet (P < 0.01). Rumen NH3-N concentration was lower in sheep fed the hydroxide-containing diets than in animals fed the control diet (P < 0.01). Plasma urea nitrogen was lower for the C diet (P < 0.01). Plasma glucose tended to be lower for the C diet than for the other diets (P < 0.06). The control diet induced a mild form of systemic acidosis as indicated by the decrease in blood pH, HCO3- and base excess (P < 0.01). Addition of Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 to the diet, alone or in combination, improved the systemic acid-base status of sheep and was associated with increased DM intake.
157 NAL Call No.: DISS--F1995279
Effects of dietary level of fat from a combination of full-fat soybeans and calcium soaps on
physiologic digestive parameters in the rumen and cecum of the sheep. [Auswirkungen
steigender Gaben von Fett aus einer Kombinatin von Sojavollbohnen und Ca-verseiften
Fettsauren auf verdauungsphysiologische Parameter im Pansen und Caecum des Schafes.]
Bartetzko, B. Hannover : [s.n.], 1995. 166 p. : ill., Thesis (doctoral)--Tierarztliche Hochschule
Hannover, 1995.
158 NAL Call No.: SF1.A56
Effects of dietary maize level on net flux across splanchnic tissues of oxygen and nutrients
in wethers consuming ad libitum different forages.
Goetsch, A. L.; Ferrell, C. L. Anim-sci v.61(pt.1): p.43-55. (1995 Aug.)
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep; unrestricted-feeding; alfalfa; cynodon-dactylon; hay; ryegrass-hay; maize;
portal-circulation; liver; oxygen-consumption; feed-intake; energy-intake; blood; urea;
ammonium-nitrogen; digestibility; blood-flow; portal-vein; veins; arteries; nutrient-uptake;
hepatic-vein; hepatic-artery
159 NAL Call No.: 23-Au792
Effects of dietary phosphorus deficiency in pregnant and lactating ewes.<