Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; micropropagation-; explants-; acclimatization-; carbon-dioxide-enrichment; rgr-; net-assimilation-rate; supplementary-light

2. NAL Call No.: TP368.J68
Air dehydration of strawberries: effects of blanching and osmotic pretreatments on the kinetics of moisture transport.
Alvarez, C. A.; Aguerre, R.; Gomez, R.; Vidales, S.; Alzamora, S. M.; Gerschenson, L. N. J-food-eng v.25(2): p.167-178. (1995)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; dehydration-; kinetics-; blanching-; osmotic-pretreatment; moisture-content; temperature-; glucose-; diffusivity-

Abstract: The effect of blanching and glucose concentration before drying on the rate of moisture movement during the early stages of air dehydration of strawberries at 55 degrees C was studied. It was found that the effective diffusion coefficient of water in strawberries (D eff) was strongly affected by heat pretreatment, but glucose dipping after blanching caused no additional effect. Electron microscopic studies of strawberry tissues were used to explain this behavior through a modification of cellular structure, disruption of cell membranes of heat-treated fruit and subsequent cell wall alteration during the osmosis step.

3. NAL Call No.: 450-AM36Chabot, B. F.; Jurik, T. W.; Chabot, J. F. T. Am-J-Bot. Columbus, Ohio, Botanical Society of America. Sept 1979. v. 66 (8) p. 940-945. ill.
12 ref.

4. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Anther culture of Fragaria X ananassa: environmental factors and medium components affecting microspore divisions and callus production.
Svensson, M.; Johansson, L. B. J-hortic-sci v.69(3): p.417-426. (1994 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; anther-culture; cell-division; callus-; cell-growth; culture-media; naa-; kinetin-; glutamine-; cultivars-; genetic-variation; charcoal-; light-intensity; regenerative-ability; clones-; gelation-; benzyladenine-; ploidy-; urea-; derivatives-

5. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Assimilation of (14)CO(2) by in vitro-raised strawberry shoots or plantlets at different light intensity and ammonium nitrate levels.
Lis, E. K. Acta-hortic (348): p.366-369. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: photosynthesis-; carbon-dioxide; gas-production; roots-; light-intensity; rooting-; ammonium-nitrate; nutrient-availability; nitrogen- metabolism

6. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea in Strawberry leaves.
Sutton, J. C.; Peng, G. Phytopathology v.83(6): p.615-621. (1993 June)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; botrytis-cinerea; leaves-; infectivity-; pathogenicity-; plant-disease-control; biological-control-agents; fusarium-; gliocladium-; myrothecium-verrucaria; penicillium-; rhodotorula-glutinis; trichoderma-viride; temperature-; sporulation-; chlorothalonil-

Abstract: In biocontrol tests, strawberry leaves were inoculated with Botrytis cinerea, were treated 2-5 wk later with antagonistic fungi or with chlorothalonil, and were kept on paraquat-chloramphenicol agar (PCA) or were sprayed with paraquat to kill the tissues and allow the pathogen to sporulate. Gliocladium roseum, a Penicillium sp., and Trichoderma viride suppressed the number of conidiophores of B. cinerea by 97-100% in attached leaves in the greenhouse. The antagonists also suppressed sporulation incidence of the pathogen by 58, 64, and 48%, respectively, in semisenescent overwintered leaves in field plots and by 81-100, 59-100, and 53-87%, respectively, in green leaves in field plots. G. roseum suppressed the pathogen as effectively as did chlorothalonil in all tests, and Penicillium sp. and T. viride were as effective in the greenhouse and in three of six field tests. Biosuppression generally increased as temperature increased from 10 to 25 C, but only G. roseum was highly suppressive at 10 and 15 C. Germination rate of conidia and growth of germ tubes of each antagonist on the leaves increased with temperature. When applied to infected green leaves and incubated on PCA, the antagonists suppressed hyphal growth of B. cinerea in leaf tissues. Hyperparasitism was not observed in leaves or in a separation-membrane assay. The antagonists markedly suppressed the number of conidiophores of B. cinerea when applied after the leaves had been incubated on PCA for 0 or 24 h but only slightly or not at all in leaves incubated on PCA for 48 or 72 h. G. roseum also was nonsuppressive in leaves that had died naturally. The antagonists suppressed B. cinerea primarily when applied to living green leaves.

7. NAL Call No.: 421-C16
Bionomics of strawberry root weevil adults, Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), on young ornamental conifer trees in southern Ontario.
Brandt, J. P.; Smith, S. M.; Hubbes, M. Can-entomol v.127(4): p.595-604. (1995 July-1995 Aug.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: otiorhynchus-ovatus; overwintering-; dispersal-; fecundity-; environmental-temperature; biological-development; longevity-; ornamental- conifers; insect-pests; ontario-

8. NAL Call No.: 87-H78
Changes in endogenous gibberellin level in strawberry plants induced by light breaks.
Uematsu, Y.; Katsura, N. Engei-Gakkai-Zasshi-J-Jap-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.51(4): p.405-411. ill. (1983 Mar.)
Includes references.

9. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Cloning of four plant viruses from small quantities of double-stranded RNA.
Jelkmann, W.; Martin, R. R.; Maiss, E. Phytopathology v.79(11): p.1250-1253. ill. (1989 Nov.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: plum-pox-virus; strawberry-mild-yellow-edge-virus; plant-viruses; cloning-; rna-; dna-; synthesis-; cucumber-mosaic-virus; molecular-cloning; raspberry-leaf-spot-virus

Abstract: The cloning of less than microgram amounts of dsRNA of four plant viruses, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), plum pox virus (PPV), raspberry leaf spot virus (RLSV), and strawberry mild yellow-edge virus (SMYEV), by using three methods of denaturation was accomplished. PPV and RLSV clones were up to 1,600 bp in length while the largest insert of SMYEV was 3,000 bp. Denaturation methods used were: boiling for 5 min; incubation in 90% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 65 C for 30 min; and incubation at room temperature in 20 mM methylmercuric hydroxide (MeHg) for 10 min. The first strand and second strand synthesis were basically that of Gubler and Hoffman with the omission of mung bean nuclease digestion. After second strand synthesis, the DNA was size-fractionated on a Sepharose CL-4B column, C- tailed, annealed to G-tailed pBR322/pUC9, and Escherichia coli DH1/DH5a cells transformed. No differences in length of cDNA and size of inserts was observed when heat- and DMSO-denaturation were used. However, use of MeHg yielded greater incorporation of 32P-dATP into first strand when compared to the boiling method of denaturation.

10. NAL Call No.: 100-Or3-no.12
Comparative test of strawberries for 1891 ; Meteorological summary.
Coote, G. 1. 1. Corvallis, Ore. : Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, 1891. 9 p., Cover title.

Descriptors: Strawberries-Oregon-Varieties; Meteorology-Oregon-Observations

11. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Comparison of several mulching systems for winter injury protection and yield of 'Midway' strawberry plants.
Boyce, B. R.; Heleba, D. A. Adv-strawb-res. [United States] : North American Strawberry Growers Association, c1992-. 1994. v. 13 p. 32-35.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cold-injury; abiotic-injuries; winter-hardiness; plant-protection; mulching-; straw-; polyethylene-film; crop-yield; fruit-; vermont-; polyfoam-

12. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Comparison of three methods for determining the floral or vegetative status of strawberry plants.
Durner, E. F.; Poling, E. B. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.110(6): p.808-811. ill. (1985 Nov.)
Includes 25 references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; flower-bud-initiation; photoperiod-

13. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Controlled atmosphere storage of 'Redcoat' strawberry fruit.
Smith, R. B. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.117(2): p.260-264. (1992 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; fruit-stores; controlled-atmosphere-storage; air-temperature; storage-; duration-; fruit-; firmness-

Abstract: Strawberries (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) cv. Redcoat were stored at several temperatures and for various intervals in controlled atmospheres (CA) containing 0% to 18% CO2 and 15% to 21% O2. Bioyield point forces recorded on the CA-stored fresh fruit indicated that the addition of CO2 to the storage environment enhanced fruit firmness. Fruit kept under 15% CO2 for 18 hours was 48% firmer than untreated samples were initially. Response to increasing CO2 concentrations was linear. There was no response to changing O2 concentrations. Maximum enhancement of firmness was achieved at a fruit temperature of 0C; there was essentially no enhancement at 21C. In some instances, there was a moderate firmness enhancement as time in storage increased. Carbon dioxide acted to reduce the quantity of fruit lost due to rot. Fruit that was soft and bruised after harvest became drier and firmer in a CO2-enriched environment.

14. NAL Call No.: 100-C12Cag
Conversion to organic strawberry management changes ecological processes.
Gliessman, S. R.; Werner, M. R.; Swezey, S. L.; Caswell, E.; Cochran, J.; Rosado May, F. Calif-agric v.50(1): p.24-31. (1996 Jan.-1996 Feb.)

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; organic-farming; comparisons-; farming-systems; crop-management; arthropod-pests; plant-pathogenic-fungi; predators- of-insect-pests; nematoda-; soil-fungi; population-dynamics; seasonal-fluctuations; soil-temperature; soil-ph; chemical-composition; crop-yield; growth-rate; production-costs; returns-; low-input-agriculture; california-

15. NAL Call No.: 100-C12CAG
Corn earworm outbreaks in strawberries.
Wiesenborn, W. D.; Trumble, J. T.; Voth, V. Calif-Agric-Calif-Agric-Exp-Stn v.42(5): p.25-26. ill., maps. (1988 Sept.-1988 Oct.)

Descriptors: fragaria-; heliothis-; pupae-; overwintering-; survival-; soil-temperature; rain-; early-maturation; immigration-; wind-; environmental- factors; california-; infestations-

16. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Correlation between environmental factors and number of days from nursery stage to dormancy in strawberry.
Aspuria, J. R.; Fujime, Y.; Okuda, N.; Suzuki, H.; Yoshida, Y. Acta-Hortic v.1(319): p.341-346. (1992 Oct.)

Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Transplant Production Systems: Biological, Engineering and Socioeconomic Aspects," July 21-26, 1992, Yokohama, Japan.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; environmental-factors; dormancy-; correlation-; number-of-days-to-dormancy

17. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Correlative bud inhibition and growth habit of the strawberry as influenced by application of gibberellic acid, cytokinin, and chilling during short daylength.
Braun, J. W.; Kender, W. J. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.110(1): p.28-34. (1985)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; growth-regulators; chilling-; photoperiod-; budding-; growth-habit; correlation-analysis

18. NAL Call No.: 100-M693-1-no.16
Covering peach trees to protect the fruit buds ; Spread of pear blight ; Temperature and rain tables ; Strawberry tests ; Potato trials ; Seedling fruits. Spread of pear blight.
aClark, J. W. Columbia, Mo. : Missouri Agricultural College Experiment Station, 1891. 21 p. : Cover title.

Descriptors: Fruit-Missouri-Seedlings; Fruit-Missouri-Field-experiments; Fruit-Missouri-Climatic-factors

19. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Cultivar acceptance and suitability for preimaginal development of the strawberry leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
Gabriel, A. D.; Obrycki, J. J. J-Econ-Entomol v.83(4): p.1514-1518. (1990 Aug.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; field-experimentation; insect-pests; lepidoptera-; larvae-; oviposition-; pupae-; iowa-

Abstract: Preimaginal development and survival and female ovipositional responses of the strawberry leafroller, Ancylis comptana (Froelich), were similar on four commercial strawberry cultivars, Fragaria X Ananassa Duch. ('Earliglow,' 'Honeoye,' 'Redcoat,' and 'Selva') and wild strawberry, Fragaria virginiana Duch. All cultivars and F. virginiana were equally suitable for A. comptana preimaginal development. At 26 degrees C and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D), developmental times ranged from 19.6 d on 'Earliglow' to 21.6 d on F. virginiana. Preimaginal survival ranged from 52% on 'Redcoat' to 68% on 'Honeoye.' No relationship was observed between ovipositional responses and trichome densities on the four cultivars and F. virginiana. In the laboratory, 'Honeoye' was slightly preferred by ovipositing females over 'Earliglow,' 'Selva,' and wild strawberry, but this preference was not apparent in field cage studies.

20. NAL Call No.: 56.9-SO32
Cycling irrigation for freeze protection during a radiation freeze.
Albregts, E. E.; Howard, C. M. Proc-Soil-Crop-Sci-Soc-Fla. [S.l.] : The Society. 1986. v. 45 p. 125-128.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; frost-protection; irrigation-; frost-injury; temperature-; relative-humidity; thermocouples-; florida-

21. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Daylength and resistance of strawberry foliage to the twospotted spider mite.
Patterson, C. G.; Archbold, D. D.; Rodriguez, J. G.; Hamilton Kemp, T. R. HortScience v.29(11): p.1329-1331. (1994 Nov.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; tetranychus-urticae; pest-resistance; susceptibility-; foliage-; leaves-; photoperiod-; light-regime; infestation-; cultivars-; continuous-light

Abstract: The influence of long and short daylengths on twospotted spider mite (TSSM) (Tetranychus urticae Koch) resistance of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) foliage was studied. Photoperiods of 8 hours (short daylength) and continuous light (long daylength) altered the seasonal change in susceptibility of 'Redchief' strawberry foliage to TSSM. Plants exposed to continuous light rapidly became resistant, those exposed to short daylength remained relatively susceptible, and plants under natural daylength exhibited the seasonal change of slowly increasing resistance. Plants resistant to TSSM under long daylength became susceptible 19 days after being switched to a short daylength. Plants that were switched from short to long daylength changed from TSSM susceptible to resistant. Field-grown plants of 'Redchief', a short- day sensitive cultivar, and 'Tribute', a day-neutral cultivar, exhibited increasing resistance to TSSM from 2 weeks before bloom until 2 weeks into harvest when greatest resistance was observed. These results suggest that TSSM resistance in strawberry is influenced by daylength and that this effect may be independent of daylength effects on strawberry reproductive development.

22. NAL Call No.: 87-M58
Determination of irrigation time of strawberries on the basis of the bioclimatic method.
Topilin, I. I. Sb-Nauchn-Rab-Vses-Nauchno-Issled-Inst-Sadovod (33): p.86-90. (1981)

23. NAL Call No.: 87-M58
Determination of irrigation time of strawberries on the basis of the bioclimatic method.
Topilin, I. I. Sb-Nauchn-Rab-Vses-Nauchno-Issled-Inst-Sadovod (33): p.86-90. (1981)

24. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Development of aroma volatiles and color during postharvest ripening of 'Kent' strawberries.
Miszczak, A.; Forney, C. F.; Prange, R. K. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.120(4): p.650-655. (1995 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; ripening-stage; maturity-stage; harvesting-date; color-; volatile-compounds; postharvest-physiology; aroma-; light-; dark-; anthocyanins-; time-; strawberries-; plant-composition

Abstract: 'Kent' strawberries were harvested at red, pink, and white stages of development, and stored at 15C in the light. Fruit were sampled over a 10-day period and evaluated for volatile production and surface color. Volatile production by red and pink fruit peaked after 4 days of storage. Maximum volatile production by red fruit was 8- and 25-fold greater than maximum production by pink and white fruit, respectively. Aroma volatiles were not detected in the headspace over white berries until 4 days following harvest after which volatile production increased through the tenth day of storage. Changes in the surface color of white berries during postharvest ripening coincided with the production of volatiles. In another experiment, red, pink, and white 'Kent' strawberries were stored for 3 days at 10 or 20C in the dark or light. Fruit were then evaluated for volatile production, weight loss, anthocyanin content, and surface color changes. White berries produced volatile esters after 3 days of storage at 20C in the light. Both light and temperature influenced the relative production of the volatiles produced by pink fruit. Fresh weight loss, color change, and anthocyanin content were temperature and light dependent.

25. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Direct shoot regeneration from strawberry leaf disks.
Nehra, N. S.; Stushnoff, C.; Kartha, K. K. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.114(6): p.1014-1018. ill. (1989 Nov.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; leaf-cuttings; discs-; tissue-culture; shoots-; regeneration-; growing-media; growth-regulators; light-intensity; genetic-engineering

Abstract: An efficient and reproducible method of direct shoot regeneration from leaf disks in strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa cv. Redcoat) has been developed. The influence of hormone concentration, light intensity, orientation of leaf disk, and age of explant source on shoot regeneration was examined. Regeneration of leaf disks reached 94%, with an average of 13 shoots per leaf disk, within 8 weeks when MS salts and B-5 vitamins medium supplemented with 10 micromoles each of BA and IAA were used. The adventitious shoot meristems initially arose from epidermal or subepidermal cells at the periphery of the leaf disks and later from surface cells of the newly regenerated meristems. Shoot regeneration did not depend on light, but low light intensity (12.5 micromoles(s-1)(m-2)) greatly enhanced regeneration. The leaf disks obtained from 30-day-old greenhouse plants and from young runner plants produced shoots at higher frequency than those obtained from 1-year-old plants. Regeneration frequency was higher when the adaxial surface of leaf disks was kept in contact with the medium surface. Shoot regeneration also occurred in nine other genotypes at varying frequencies, but with an intervening short callus phase, except in 'Veestar'. The technique has potential application for rapid propagation and genetic manipulation of strawberries.

26. NAL Call No.: QL461.E532
Dormancy in the strawberry leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
Obrycki, J. J.; Gabriel, A. D.; Orr, C. J.; Bing, J. W. Environ-Entomol v.19(4): p.932-936. (1990 Aug.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; lepidoptera-; diapause-; temperatures-; photoperiod-; iowa-; ancylis-comptana; degree-days-

Abstract: A 2-yr study of strawberry leafroller, Ancylis comptana (Froelich), populations in central Iowa showed that short daylengths and low temperatures maintain diapause during autumn and that this autumnal diapause ends without a specific cue by the end of December The completion of diapause does not require chilling. The postdiapause developmental rate of A. comptana is linearly related to temperatures between 14 and 30 degrees C; adult emergence requires 154 degree-days (DD) above a lower thermal threshold (t) of 10.5 degrees C. Field cage studies demonstrated that 50% emergence of adult A. comptana from overwintering larvae can be predicted accurately based upon the accumulation of approximately 150 DD > 10 degrees C.

27. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
The double tunnel. A method for the amelioration of strawberry rentability in greenhouses. Le double tunnel, un moyen d'amelioration de la rentabilite du fraisier sous serre.
Aissa, D.; Benna, K. Acta-hortic (263): p.253-258. (1990 June)

Paper presented at the International Symposium on Simple Ventilation and Heating Methods for Greenhouses in Mild Winter Climates, February 28-March 6, 1988, Djerba, Tozeur, Tunisia.

Descriptors: fragaria-; protected-cultivation; tunnels-; greenhouses-; precocity-; temperature-; crop-yield; economic-analysis; tunisia-

28. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Early season yield responses of selected strawberry cultivars to photoperiod and chilling in a Florida winter production system.
Durner, E. F.; Poling, E. B.; Albregts, E. A. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.112(1): p.53-56. (1987 Jan.)
Includes 12 references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; variety-trials; cold-stress; winter-; photoperiod-; yields-; correlation-; florida-

29. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Eco-physiological studies in the analysis of dormancy in strawberry.
Aspuria, J. R.; Fujime, Y. Acta-hortic (395): p.97-104. (1995 Mar.)

Paper presented at the XXIVth International Horticultural Congress, "Dormancy and the Related Problems of Deciduous Fruit Trees," August 21-27, 1994, Kyoto, Japan.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; plant-development; dormancy-; dormancy-breaking; roots-; shoots-; leaves-; petioles-; length-; weight-; environmental-factors; top-root-ratio-index

30. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Effect of climatic condition on the floral initiation at the runner tip of everbearing strawberry cultivar (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.).
Oda, Y.; Yanagi, T. Acta-hortic (345): p.67-72. (1993 June)

Paper presented at the "Session on Small Fruits at the 23rd International Horticultural Conference," August 27-September 1, 1990, Florence, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; flowering-; runners-; apical-meristems; crop-growth-stage; air-temperature; environmental-temperature; initiation-; flowers-

31. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Effect of conductivity and temperature of nutrient solution on the mineral nutrition of horticultural crops in water culture.
Takano, T. Acta-Hortic (230): p.299-305. (1988 Sept.)

In the series analytic: High Technology in Protected Cultivation / edited by T. Kozai. Paper presented at an International Symposium, May 12-15, 1988, Hamamatsu, Japan.

Descriptors: rosa-; lycopersicon-esculentum; cucumis-melo; fragaria-ananassa; nutrient-film-techniques; rockwool-; nutrient-solutions; electrical- conductivity; root-zone-temperature; growth-; mineral-nutrition; dry-matter-accumulation; greenhouses-; nutrient-uptake; potassium-nitrate; application-; photosynthesis-

32. NAL Call No.: S542.A1N45
Effect of crop management and environment on berryfruit quality--a review.
Given, N. K. N-Z-J-Exp-Agric v.13(2): p.163-168. (1985)

Literature review.

Descriptors: rubus-; fragaria-; berries-; cultivars-; environmental-factors; crop-management; mechanical-harvesting; food-processing-quality; new- zealand; usa-

33. NAL Call No.: SB13.P8
Effect of GA gibberellic acid and photoperiod on the anatomy of strawberry cultivars.
Pathak, R. K.; Singh, R. Punjab-Hortic-J. Patiala, K. Kirpal Singh Jan/June 1978. v. 18 (1/2) p. 78-86. ill.
12 ref.

34. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Effect of light intensity, temperature and CO2 concentration on photosynthesis and growth of strawberry plantlet cultivated in vitro.
Oda, Y. Acta-Hortic (265): p.399-403. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; explants-; in-vitro-culture; light-intensity; environmental-temperature; carbon-dioxide-enrichment; photosynthesis-; growth-; responses-

35. NAL Call No.: 389.8-F7322
Effect of moisture on the thermal behavior of strawberries studied using differential scanning calorimetry.
Roos, Y. H. J-Food-Sci v.52(1): p.146-149. ill., charts. (1987 Jan.-1987 Feb.)
Includes 17 references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; food-processing; moisture-; freeze-dried-foods; calorimetry-; physico-chemical-properties

Abstract: Abstract: A differential scanning calorimetry study of thermal transitions in fresh and freeze-dried strawberries and the moisture dependence of these transitions found that the freeze-dried fruit had a glass transition at 30-60 degrees C and a melting endotherm similar to that of freeze-dried sugars. The results also indicated that the glass transition temperature of humidified fruit had an inverse linear correlation with the fruit water activity. It was observed that the ice melted when the moisture content of the fruit reached or exceeded 21.4%, with a melting behavior that was similar to that for sugar solutions and fruit juices.(wz).

36. NAL Call No.: 56.9-So32
Effect of polyethylene mulch color on the fruiting response of strawberry.
Albregts, E. E.; Chandler, C. K. Proc-Soil-Crop-Sci-Soc-Fla. [S.l.] : The Society. 1993. v. 52 p. 40-43.

Meeting held September 23-25, 1992, Gainesville, Florida.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; polyethylene-film; color-; crop-yield; crop-quality; soil-temperature

37. NAL Call No.: 4-AM34P
The effect of root temperature and nitrate/Ammonium ratio on strawberry plants. II. Nitrogen uptake, mineral ions, and carboxylate concentrations.
Ganmore Neumann, R.; Kafkafi, U. Agron-J v.77(6): p.835-840. (1985 Nov.-1985 Dec.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; nutrient-uptake; root-zone-temperature; nitrogen-fertilizers; carboxylate-; anions-; cations-; minerals-

38. NAL Call No.: 20.5-Z5
Effect of soil temperature on population and pathogenicity of Meloidogyne hapla, Pratylenchus penetrans and Longidorus elongatus to strawberry plants.
Szczygiel, A.; Soroka, A.; Zepp, A. Zesz-Probl-Postepow-Nauk-Roln. Warszawa : Panstwowe Wydawn. Naukowe. 1983. (278) p. 87-94. ill.
Includes 13 references.

Descriptors: soil-temperature; population-dynamics; pathogenicity-; strawberries-; meloidogyne-hapla; pratylenchus-penetrans; longidorus-elongatus

39. NAL Call No.: SB13.P8
Effect of storage, temperature and GA [gibberellic acid] treatments on runner production in strawberry [Fragaria sp.].
Singh, K.; Dhaliwal, G. S. Punjab-Hortic-J v.22(1/2): p.87-92. (1982 Jan.-1982 June)
Includes references.

40. NAL Call No.: SB13.P8
Effect of storage, temperature and GA [gibberellic acid] treatments on runner production in strawberry [Fragaria sp.].
Singh, K.; Dhaliwal, G. S. Punjab-Hortic-J v.22(1/2): p.87-92. (1982 Jan.-1982 June)
Includes references.

41. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Effect of substrate and cultivar on earliness, plant productivity, and fruit quality of strawberry.
Anagnostou, K.; Vasilakakis, M. D. Acta-hortic (379): p.267-274. (1995 June)

Paper presented at the International Symposium on Quality of Fruit and Vegetables: Influence of Pre- and Post-Harvest Factors and Technology, September 20-24, 1993, Chania, Greece.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; crop-production; substrates-; perlite-; peat-; mixtures-; light-intensity; earliness-; harvesting-date; crop-quality; strawberries-; food-quality; food-composition; firmness-; greenhouse-culture; soilless-culture

42. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
The effect of temperature and photoperiod on the rate of flower initiation and the onset of dormancy in the strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.).
Le Miere, P.; Hadley, P.; Darby, J.; Battey, N. H. J-hortic-sci v.71(3): p.361-371. (1996 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; flowering-; induction-; temperature-; photoperiod-; autumn-; roots-; plant-composition; starch-; quantitative-analysis; inflorescences-; dormancy-; indicators-; england-

43. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Effect of temperature, duration of cold storage and packaging on postharvest quality of strawberry fruit.
Paraskevopoulou Paroussi, G.; Vassilakakis, M.; Dogras, C. Acta-hortic (379): p.337-344. (1995 June)

Paper presented at the International Symposium on Quality of Fruit and Vegetables: Influence of Pre- and Post-Harvest Factors and Technology, September 20-24, 1993, Chania, Greece.

Descriptors: strawberries-; cultivars-; cold-storage; duration-; temperature-; packaging-; postharvest-treatment; storage-life; food-quality; food- composition

44. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Effect of weather variables on strawberry leather rot epidemics.
Reynolds, K. M.; Madden, L. V.; Ellis, M. A. Phytopathology v.78(6): p.822-827. (1988 June)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; phytophthora-cactorum; weather-; environmental-factors; disease-models; prediction-; quantitative-techniques

45. NAL Call No.: TP368.J68
Effective heat capacity for strawberry freezing and thawing calculations.
Delgado, A. E.; Rubiolo, A. C.; Gribaudo, L. M. J-Food-Eng v.12(3): p.165-175. (1990)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; freeze-thaw-cycles; heat-retention; calorimetry-; equations-; temperature-; physical-properties; validity-; water-content

Abstract: Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) measurements of the heat capacities of two strawberry cultivars have been correlated by means of a least-square curve fitting method to obtain accurate predicting equations of this variable in the range of -40 to 10 degrees C. The values of the constants of the resulting equation for temperatures lower than the freezing point were used to calculate physical properties of the cultivars after experimentally evaluating the contents of the freezable and total water. The validity of the method was tested and the agreement between calculated and experimental values was found to be satisfactory. This is important because the method has the advantage of requiring only the water composition and the DSC measurement output to provide accurate specific properties of the product.

46. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Effects of black polyethylene mulch on strawberry leaf elongation jand diurnal leaf water potential Soil temperature.
Renquist, A. R.; Breen, P. J.; Martin, L. W. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci. Alexandria, Va., The Society. July 1982. v. 107 (4) p. 640-643. ill.
22 ref.

47. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Effects of chilling and growth regulators on runner production of three strawberry cultivars under tropical conditions.
Kahangi, E. M.; Fujime, Y.; Nakamura, E. J-Hortic-Sci. Ashford : Headley Brothers Ltd. May 1992. v 67 (3) p. 381-384.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; runners-; growth-; chilling-; gibberellic-acid; benzyladenine-; seasonal-variation; temperature-; tropical- climate; kenya-

48. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Effects of duration of flower and runner removal on productivity of three photoperiodic types of strawberries.
Pritts, M. P.; Worden, K. A. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.113(2): p.185-189. (1988 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-virginiana; fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; photoperiod-; deblossoming-; crop-yield; berries-; runners-; stolons-; fruiting-; productivity-; everbearing-habit; north-eastern-states-of-usa

49. NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
Effects of gas concentrations and temperature on O2 consumption of strawberries.
Talasila, P. C.; Chau, K. V.; Brecht, J. K. Trans-A-S-A-E v.35(1): p.221-224. (1992 Jan.-1992 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; modified-atmosphere-storage; oxygen-consumption; packaging-; postharvest-physiology; respiration-; storage-decay; carbon-dioxide; florida-

Abstract: The O2 consumption rate of strawberries was determined at 16 combinations of O2 and CO2 and at three levels of temperature in the ranges of 1 to 20%, 0 to 30%, and 5 to 20 degrees C, respectively. Influence of temperature, O2 concentration, and CO2 concentration on O2 consumption rate was studied and an empirical model was developed for O2 consumption rate as a function of these three variables. The O2 consumption rate decreased significantly with a decrease in temperature and O2 levels. Especially at low O2 concentrations, CO2 had a lesser effect on O2 consumption rate. The O2 consumption rate decreased with an increase in CO2 concentration at higher levels of O2.

50. NAL Call No.: 450-P692
Effects of light and nutrients on leaf size, CO2 carbon dioxide exchange, and anatomy in wild strawberry (Fragaria virginiana).
Jurik, T. W.; Chabot, J. F.; Chabot, B. F. Plant-Physiol. Rockville, American Society of Plant Physiologists. Oct 1982. v. 70 (4) p. 1044-1048.
25 ref.

51. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Effects of photoperiod and chilling on floral formation of intermediate types between June- and everbearing strawberries.
Yanagi, T.; Oda, Y. Acta-hortic (348): p.339-346. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; flowering-; everbearing-habit; habit-; photoperiod-; chilling-

52. NAL Call No.: 9.2-AG893
Effects of plastic mulches upon the yield of two strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivars and upon soil temperature. Efeitos de coberturas plasticas sobre o rendimento de "frutos" de duas cultivares de morangueiro (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) e sobre a temperatura do solo. Efeitos de coberturas plasticas sobre o rendimento de "frutos" de duas cultivares de morangueiro (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) e sobre a temperatura do solo.
Martins, N. L. F.; Westphalen, S. L. Agron-Sulriograndense v.19(2): p.67-88. (1983)
Includes 24 references.

Descriptors: plastic-mulches; crop-yield; fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; soil-temperature; brazil-

53. NAL Call No.: QK867.C65-1982
Effects of root temperature, nitrate and ammonium on cation concentration and distribution in the strawberry plant (Fragaria ananassa Duch.).
Ganmore Neumann, R.; Kafkafi, U. Plant nutrition 1982 : proceedings of the ninth International Plant Nutrition Colloquium, Warwick University, England, August 22-27, 1982 / edited by A. Scaife. Slough, UK : Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, c1982. p. 81-185.
Includes references.

54. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Effects of soil moisture and temperature on the survival of Colletotrichum acutatum.
Eastburn, D. M.; Gubler, W. D. Plant-Dis v.76(8): p.841-842. (1992 Aug.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; colletotrichum-acutatum; fungal-diseases; survival-; soil-fungi; soil-temperature; soil-water-content; soil-water-regimes; sandy- loam-soils

55. NAL Call No.: 20-AN7
Effects of soil temperature on nutrient take-up, growth, and yield in the strawberry.
Laurinen, E.; Sako, J. Ann-Agric-Fenn. Helsinki, Agricultural Research Centre. 1980. v. 19 (2) p. 164-172.
10 ref.

56. NAL Call No.: 100-AR42F
Effects of storage temperature and treatment on quality changes in strawberry spread.
Sistrunk, W. A.; Morris, J. R.; Gascoigne, H. L. Arkansas-Farm-Res-Arkansas-Agric-Exp-Stn. Fayetteville, Ark., The Station. Mar/Apr 1982. v. 31 (2) p. 7.

57. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Effects of temperature and pathogen isolate on strawberry resistance to anthracnose caused by three species of Colletotrichum.
Denoyes, B. Acta-hortic (348): p.493-495. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-acutatum; glomerella-cingulata; fungal-diseases; disease-resistance; air-temperature; strain-differences

58. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Effects of temperature and wetness duration on sporulation of Botrytis cinerea on strawberry leaf residues.
Sosa Alvarez, M.; Madden, L. V.; Ellis, M. A. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]. June 1995. v. 79 (6) p. 609-615.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; leaves-; crop-residues; botrytis-cinerea; conidia-; sporulation-; environmental-factors; temperature-; moisture-; duration- ; latent-infections; equations-; regression-analysis

Abstract: Disks cut from dead strawberry leaves (autoclaved or air-dried) were inoculated with a conidial suspension of Botrytis cinerea (10(6) conidia per ml) and incubated at various temperatures (T) ranging from 5 to 30 degrees C. Sporulation (conidia per cm2) on leaf disks was determined after exposure to wetness durations (W) of 3 to 11 days. Optimum temperature for sporulation was between 17 and 18 degrees C at all wetness durations. Sporulation levels of 10(5) to 10(7) conidia per cm2 were observed between 15 and 22 degrees C, after 7 days of continuous wetness. As temperature increased or decreased from the optimum, sporulation decreased for the same wetness durations. Very little sporulation was observed at 25 degrees C and no sporulation was observed at 30 degrees C. Logarithmic polynomial models best described the effect of T and W on sporulation of B. cinerea on dead strawberry leaf tissue. Coefficients of determination for data from all repetitions of the experiments were at least 0.81. The latent period of B. cinerea on dead leaf tissue was longest at the lowest temperature (6 to 7 days at 5 degrees C) and decreased to <3 days as temperature increased to the optimum (15 to 22 degrees C). Interrupted wet and dry periods of 5. 12, and 24 h directly affected sporulation. Total hours of wetness and the duration of individual wet periods had the greatest effect on the amount of inoculum produced at 20 degrees C.

59. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Efficacies of cryoprotectants applied to 'Honeoye' strawberry plants inoculated with ice-nucleation-active bacteria.
Warmund, M. R.; English, J. T. Adv-strawb-res. [United States] : North American Strawberry Growers Association, c1992-. 1994. v. 13 p. 20-25.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; ice-nucleation; bacteria-; pseudomonas-syringae; frost-protection; cryoprotectants-; flowers-; cold-injury; frost-injury

60. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Efficiency of light utilization in the strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa) cv. Hapil.
Wright, C. J.; Sandrang, A. K. J-hortic-sci v.70(5): p.705-711. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; solar-radiation; dosage-effects; light-harvesting-complexes; shade-; tolerance-; leaf-area-index; photosynthesis-; net- assimilation-rate; crop-production; crop-management; seasonal-variation

61. NAL Call No.: 450-C16
Evaluation of low temperature hardiness of strawberry plants under field and controlled conditions.
Turner, J. M.; Tanino, K. K.; Stushnoff, C. Can-j-plant-sci v.73(4): p.1123-1125. (1993 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cold-resistance; acclimatization-; freezing-; mulching-; habit-; survival-; prediction-; regrowth-; prairies-

62. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Evaluation of water stress through thermovision.
Pavanelli, D.; Taglioli, G. Acta-Hortic (265): p.405-409. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; greenhouse-culture; irrigation-; treatment-; canopy-; temperature-gradients; water-stress; yield-response-functions

63. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Factors influencing quality and shelf life of strawberry cultivars in the Eastern United States.
Pritts, M. P.; Bartsch, J. A.; Worden, K. A.; Jorgensen, M. C. Adv-Strawberry-Prod. [s.l.] : North American Strawberry Growers Association. Spring 1987. v. 6 p. 14-17.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; storage-life; product-quality; preharvest-sprays; fungicides-; harvest-date; cooling-; storage-; temperature-; usa-

64. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Field spread of anthracnose fruit rot of strawberry in relation to ground cover and ambient weather conditions.
Madden, L. V.; Wilson, L. L.; Ellis, M. A. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]. Sept 1993. v. 77 (9) p. 861-866.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-acutatum; fungal-diseases; epidemiology-; spread-; spore-dispersal; ground-cover; plastic-film; straw-; rain-; weather-; incidence-; plant-disease-control; ohio-; disease-incidence

65. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Frost/freeze protection of strawberries grown on black plastic mulch.
Polling, E. B.; Fuller, H. P.; Perry, K. B. HortScience v.26(1): p.15-17. (1991 Jan.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; frost-injury; frost-protection; timing-; plastic-film; mulching-; sprinkler-irrigation; air-temperature; spring-; crop-yield; fruits-; north-carolina; marketable-yield

66. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Fruiting as a factor in accumulation of carbohydrates and nitrogen and in fall cold hardening of day-neutral strawberry roots.
Gagnon, B.; Desjardins, Y.; Bedard, R. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.115(4): p.520-525. (1990 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; roots-; nitrogen-content; carbohydrates-; crown-; cold-resistance; fruit-; treatment-; autumn-; fruiting-; winter- ; survival-; fruit-removal

Abstract: Nitrogen and carbohydrate content of roots and the onset of crown cold hardiness were compared in 'Tristar' day-neutral (DN) strawberries (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) that were given various fruit removal treatments. Nontreated 'Hecker' DN and 'Redcoat' Junebearer were also used to determine genotypic variation. The removal of fruit after 15 or 30 Sept. promoted the accumulation of starch and increased cold tolerance of crowns as compared to fruiting plants. Nitrogen was increased only when fruit was removed after 15 Sept. DN cultivars were less hardy than Junebearing cultivars, but 'Tristar' was almost as hardy as 'Redcoat'. When compared to 'Redcoat', DN cultivars had a less abrupt temperature- kill profile, perhaps because they were multicrowned.

67. NAL Call No.: 56.9-SO32
Fruiting response of strawberry as affected by rates and sources of controlled release N fertilizer, and irrigation method.
Albregts, E. E.; Howard, C. M.; Chandler, C. K.; Martin, F. G. Proc-Soil-Crop-Sci-Soc-Fla. [S.l.] : The Society. 1990. v. 49 p. 46-49.

Meeting held September 26-28, 1989, St. Petersburg Beach, Florida.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; sprinkler-irrigation; nitrogen-fertilizers; irrigation-systems; soil-temperature; crop-yield; florida-

68. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Fungal diseases of strawberry.
Paulus, A. O. HortScience v.25(8): p.885-889. (1990 Aug.)

Paper presented at the "Symposium on Strawberries in America, "April 28, 1989, Davis, California.

Descriptors: fragaria-; fungal-diseases; botrytis-cinerea; mycosphaerella-fragariae; colletotrichum-fragariae; sphaerotheca-macularis; phytophthora- fragariae; phytophthora-cactorum; verticillium-dahliae; root-rots; etiology-; infection-; inoculum-; environmental-factors; plant-disease-control; california-

69. NAL Call No.: 442.8-Z8
Genetic correlations between vegetative growth traits and productivity at different within-season intervals for strawberries (Fragaria X ananassa).
Shaw, D. V. Theor-Appl-Genet v.85(8): p.1001-1009. (1993 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; heritability-; genotypes-; genetic-correlation; crop-yield; fruits-; vegetative-period; growth-; genotype-environment- interaction; seasonal-variation; autumn-; summer-; dry-matter-distribution; environmental-factors; inflorescences-; fruiting-; resource-partitioning

Abstract: Genetic and environmental relationships between vegetative growth and production traits at different intervals within a single season were investigated using unselected strawberry genotypes from 20 biparental crosses and their parents. Vegetative growth and productivity patterns differed between test locations and larger yields were detected where fall growth was greatest. Positive genetic correlations were detected between fall growth increments and mid-season production traits, but fall growth was uncorrelatedor negatively correlated with late-season production. Conversely, growth during the production season was genetically uncorrelated or negatively correlated to early production traits, but was positively correlated to mid and late-season production. Together, these results suggest that the growth pattern required for early vs sustained production may represent conflicting breeding objectives. Also, although vegetative and reproductive functions compete for assimilates in strawberry, sustained productivity appears dependent on adequate vegetative growth throughout the spring and early summer. Significant correlations were detected between fall plant growth and early yield, but these were attributed to environmental rather than genetic sources. Genetic correlations between spring growth and early production traits were significantly negative and large, suggesting that vegetative during this interval may indicate limited fall inflorescence development.

70. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Genetic relationships and cross pathogenicities of Verticillium dahliae isolates from cauliflower and other crops.
Subbarao, K. V.; Chassot, A.; Gordon, T. R.; Hubbard, J. C.; Bonello, P.; Mullin, R.; Okamoto, D.; Davis, R. M.; Koike, S. T. Phytopathology v.85(10): p.1105-1112. (1995 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: cynara-scolymus; gossypium-hirsutum; capsicum-frutescens; pistacia-vera; solanum-tuberosum; fragaria-ananassa; lycopersicon- esculentum; host-parasite-relationships; infectivity-; pathogenicity-; pathotypes-; brassica-oleracea-var; -capitata; verticillium-dahliae; host- specificity; epidemiology-; host-range; rotations-; lactuca-sativa; brassica-chinensis; brassica-oleracea-var; -botrytis; brassica-oleracea-var; - gemmifera; brassica-pekinensis; raphanus-sativus; brassica-oleracea-var; -italica; growth-; temperature-; genetic-analysis; california-

Abstract: Morphologies, genetic relationships, and host specificities of Verticillium dahliae isolates from artichoke, cabbage, cauliflower, cotton, pepper, potato, strawberry, tomato, and watermelon were evaluated. Temperature optima for mycelial growth were evaluated at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees C. Depending on the isolate, temperature optimum was either 20 or 25 degrees C. The length and width of conidia in isolates from crucifer crops were significantly greater than the dimensions of conidia in other isolates. Isolates from artichoke, cabbage, cotton, pepper, potato, strawberry, tomato, and watermelon were tested for their pathogenicity on their host of origin, as well as on cauliflower. In addition, two V. dahliae isolates from cauliflower were tested for their pathogenicity on all the above crops, lettuce, and other crucifer crops such as bok choi, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, napa cabbage, radish, and rapini. All isolates caused wilt on cauliflower. The cauliflower isolates caused various degrees of wilt on all crops except lettuce, but their virulence depended on the host inoculated. Cauliflower isolates were highly virulent on other crucifer crops except broccoli and Brussels sprouts, on which they were only weakly virulent. None of the isolates tested were host specific. Seventeen isolates of V. dahliae from noncruciferous hosts were associated with one of two vegetative compatibility groups. Twelve V. dahliae isolates from cruciferous crops could not be assigned to a vegetative compatibility group because they did not produce nitrate nonutilizing mutants when cultured on chlorate-containing media. This observation may reflect diploidy in the cruciferous isolates, an interpretation which was supported by. rDNA, the V. dahliae isolates from cauliflower were unlike isolates from other hosts.

71. NAL Call No.: 80-ER9
Growth and water consumption of young strawberry plants (Senga Sengana) in relation to root temperature. Wachstum und Wasserverbrauch bei jungen Erdbeerpflanzen ('Senga Sengana') in Abhangigkeit von der Wurzeltemperatur. Wachstum und Wasserverbrauch bei jungen Erdbeerpflanzen ('Senga Sengana') in Abhangigkeit von der Wurzeltemperatur.
Lenz, F. Erwerbsobstbau. Berlin, Paul Parey. July 1979. v. 21 (7) p. 146-148. ill.
8 ref.

72. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Growth inhibition of strawberry at high temperatures.
Hellman, E. W.; Travis, J. D. Adv-Strawberry-Prod. [s.l.] : North American Strawberry Growers Association. Spring 1988. v. 7 p. 36-38.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; growth-chambers; heat-stress; growth-; inhibition-; fruit-; runners-; weight-; chemical-composition; critical- temperature

73. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Growth performances of everbearing strawberries in Kenya.
Waithaka, K.; Ngugi, C. W. Acta-Hortic (153): p.85-90. (1985 June)

Presented at the Ninth African Symposium on Horticultural Crops, Mahe, Seychelles, July 27-29, 1983.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; everbearing-habit; growth-; vigor-; environmental-factors; evaluation-; kenya-

74. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Guttation as a technique to evaluate the water status of strawberry.
Glenn, D. M.; Takeda, F. HortScience v.24(4): p.599-601. (1989 Aug.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; leaf-water-potential; guttation-; stomatal-resistance; transpiration-; leaves-; air-temperature; soil-water-content; irrigation-scheduling; west-virginia

75. NAL Call No.: QK725.P54
Haploid plant regeneration from anther cultures of three North American cultivars of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.).
Owen, H. R.; Miller, A. R. Plant-cell-rep v.15(12): p.905-909. (1996)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; anther-culture; methodology-; culture-media; sucrose-; maltose-; glucose-; iaa-; naa-; benzyladenine-; kinetin-; plant- growth-regulators; dosage-effects; haploids-; shoots-; regenerative-ability; cultivars-; genetic-variation; nitsch-and-nitsch-medium; murashige-and-skoog-medium; h1-medium; n-benzyl-92-tetrahydropyranyl-adenine-

Abstract: A study was conducted to maximize plant regeneration frequencies from cultured anthers of 'Chandler', 'Honeoye', and 'Redchief' strawberries (Fragaria X ananassa Duch). A comparison of auxins (IAA, NAA), cytokinins (BA, BPA, KIN) and carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, maltose) in MS medium showed that the highest shoot regeneration across cultivars (8%) occurred when using a medium containing 2 mg/l IAA, 1 mg/l BA, and 0.2 M glucose. A comparison of MS, NN, and H1 inorganic medium (a new formulation based on the anther culture literature) solidified with either agar or gellan gum and containing IAA, BA, and glucose, showed the highest shoot regeneration across cultivars (19%) when using H1 and gellan gum. Lastly, media containing Fe-EDTA yielded more shoots than media containing Fe-Metalosate, and anthers cultured on Fe-EDTA media in darkness for 30d followed by 30d in white light produced more shoots (16% average regeneration) than those cultured on Fe-EDTA media under white or yellow light (16h photoperiod) for the initial 30d (0.3% and 5% respectively). Plants were acclimated ex vitro where they flowered and set fruit. Chromosome counts of root tip cells confirmed that haploid plants were obtained from all three cultivars.

76. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Ice distribution in 'Earliglow' strawberry crowns and tissue recovery following extracellular freezing.
Warmund, M. R. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.118(5): p.644-648. (1993 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; winter-hardiness; cold-tolerance

Abstract: 'Earliglow' strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duchesne) plants were frozen to -5 or -50C to examine the distribution of ice in the crowns. Anatomical studies were also performed to characterize tissue growth in a greenhouse at 4, 8, and 15 weeks after freezing to -5C. Ice masses observed in fresh crown tissue corresponded to the presence of extracellular tissue voids in specimens fixed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Voids were present near the peduncle and adjacent to the vascular system in crown tissue. After plants were grown in the greenhouse, cell division and enlargement were observed near the voids in crowns subjected to -5C. By 15 weeks after freezing, a few small extracellular voids remained in the crowns. Tissue voids were also present in crowns of plants frozen rapidly to -50C and subsequently thawed. Cells in the crown of these plants were intact and did not appear collapsed after exposure to -50C, a lethal temperature.

77. NAL Call No.: QK745.P56
Identification of gibberellins in leaf tissues of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) grown under different photoperiods.
Taylor, D. R.; Blake, P. S.; Browning, G. Plant-growth-regul v.15(3): p.235-240. (1994 Nov.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; leaves-; plant-composition; gibberellins-; purification-; chemical-analysis; photoperiod-

Abstract: In studies of the effect of long or short-day photoperiod treatments on the qualitative gibberellin (GA) content of mature leaves of a facultative short-day (SD) strawberry cultivar (Fragaria X ananassa Duch. cv. Elsanta). GA1, GA8, GA17, GA19, GA20, GA29 and GA44 were identitied by full-scan gas chromatography--mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in extracts from plants grown under long-day (LD) conditions, and GA1, GA5, GA8, GAl9, GA20 and GA29 in similar extracts from plants subjected to eight SD cycles after growth under LD conditions. The early 13-hydroxylation GA biosynthetic pathway thus appeared to predominate. with the apparent absence of GA5 in LD and of GA17 and GA44 in SD extracts providing evidence of modulation of this pathway by photoperiod. A search, including GC-MS with selected ion monitoring, failed to detect GA3, or the polyhydroxylated GA85, GA86, GA87 or GA32 for which some extracts were specifically purified.

78. NAL Call No.: SB13.B85
Inducing runner formation on the strawberry variety Ostara by gibberellic acid under long photoperiod. Induksi pembentukan sulur pada arben varietas Ostara dengan asam giberelat pada keadaan hari panjang. Induksi pembentukan sulur pada arben varietas Ostara dengan asam giberelat pada keadaan hari panjang.
Soetarto, I. Bull-Penelitian-Hortik. Jakarta, Lembaga Penelitian Hortikultura 1979. v. 7 (1) p. 11-18. ill.
11 ref.

79. NAL Call No.: SB599.F55
Influence of inoculum, culture medium and light regime on mycelial growth and sporulation of Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Lind. (Ramularia tulasnei Sacc.) [isolated from strawberry leaf]. Influencia do inoculo, meio de cultura e regime de luz no desenvolvimento micelial e esporulacao de Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Lind. (Ramularia tulasnei Sacc.). Influencia do inoculo, meio de cultura e regime de luz no desenvolvimento micelial e esporulacao de Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Lind. (Ramularia tulasnei Sacc.).
Menten, J. O. M.; Marques, L. A. P. Fitopathol-Bras. Brasilia, Sociedade Brasileira de Fitopatologia. Feb 1979. v. 4 (1) p. 63-71. ill.
20 ref.

80. NAL Call No.: SB599.F55
Influence of inoculum, culture medium and light regime on mycelial growth and sporulation of Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Lind. (Ramularia tulasnei Sacc.) [isolated from strawberry leaf]. Influencia do inoculo, meio de cultura e regime de luz no desenvolvimento micelial e esporulacao de Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Lind. (Ramularia tulasnei Sacc.). Influencia do inoculo, meio de cultura e regime de luz no desenvolvimento micelial e esporulacao de Mycosphaerella fragariae (Tul.) Lind. (Ramularia tulasnei Sacc.).
Menten, J. O. M.; Marques, L. A. P. Fitopathol-Bras. Brasilia, Sociedade Brasileira de Fitopatologia. Feb 1979. v. 4 (1) p. 63-71. ill.
20 ref.

81. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Influence of low winter temperatures on growth and fruiting of 'Elsanta' runner plants in Poland.
Zurawicz, E.; Dominikowski, J. Acta-hortic (348): p.389-391. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; crop-production; crop-yield; winter-; cold-; environmental-temperature; fruiting-; fruits-; size-

82. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
The influence of matted row width on light penetration, plant development and yield of two strawberry cultivars (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.).
Trent, W. Y.; Walsh, C. S.; Swartz, H. J. Adv-Strawberry-Prod. [s.l.] : North American Strawberry Growers Association. Spring 1985. v. 4 p. 23-27. ill.
Includes 20 references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; row-spacing; light-relations; cultural-methods; leaf-area-ratio; yield-components; growth-yield-relationship; maryland-

83. NAL Call No.: TP368.P72
Influence of pH and temperature on the stability of betalains [Apples, beets, juices, storage, strawberries]. Utjecaj pH i temperature na stabilnost betalaina. Utjecaj pH i temperature na stabilnost betalaina.
Pospisil, J.; Lovric, T.; Spajic, M. Prehrambeno-Tehnol-Rev-Food-Technol-Rev v.20(2): p.111-118. ill. (1982 Aug.)
Includes references.

84. NAL Call No.: TP368.P72
Influence of pH and temperature on the stability of betalains [Apples, beets, juices, storage, strawberries]. Utjecaj pH i temperature na stabilnost betalaina. Utjecaj pH i temperature na stabilnost betalaina.
Pospisil, J.; Lovric, T.; Spajic, M. Prehrambeno-Tehnol-Rev-Food-Technol-Rev v.20(2): p.111-118. ill. (1982 Aug.)
Includes references.

85. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
The influence of Pratylenchus penetrans and temperature on black root rot of strawberry by binucleate Rhizoctonia spp.
LaMondia, J. A.; Martin, S. B. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]. Feb 1989. v. 73 (2) p. 107-110.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; rhizoctonia-; pratylenchus-penetrans; interactions-; root-rots; fungal-diseases; environmental-temperature; air- temperature; pathogenesis-

86. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Influence of row cover inside the greenhouse on strawberry growth and insect infestation.
Rubeiz, I. G.; Nadi, K. M.; Al Assir, I. A. Acta-hortic (348): p.257-260. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; greenhouse-culture; covers-; polyethylene-film; crop-yield; soil-temperature; infestation-; insect-pests; mites-; lebanon-

87. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Influence of some atmospheric factors affecting yield and single fruit weight in strawberry.
Hortynski, J. A.; Liniewicz, K.; Hulewicz, T. J-hortic-sci v.69(1): p.89-95. (1994 Jan.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; crop-production; crop-yield; temperature-; relative-humidity; light-; precipitation-; genotypes-; genetic-variation; fruits-; weight-; seasonal-variation; poland-

88. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
The influence of temperature and light intensity on the in vitro propagation of the strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Cambridge Favourite.
Hunter, S. A.; Foxe, M. J.; Hennerty, M. J. Acta-Hortic (131): p.153-161. ill. (1983 June)

Paper presented at the 21st International Horticultural Congress on In Vitro Culture, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, 29 August - 4 September, 1982.

89. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Influence of temperature and wetness duration on infection of immature and mature strawberry fruit by Colletotrichum acutatum.
Wilson, L. L.; Madden, L. V.; Ellis, M. A. Phytopathology v.80(1): p.111-116. (1990 Jan.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; maturity-stage; fruit-; infection-; colletotrichum-acutatum; temperature-relations; moisture-relations; duration-; mycelium-; growth-rate; disease-incidence

Abstract: Immature and mature strawberry fruit were inoculated with a conidial suspension (2.5 X 10(4) conidia/ml) of Colletotrichum acutatum and incubated under various wetness (free water) durations ranging from 0.5 to 51 hr at constant temperatures of 4, 6, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 C. After drying, plants were moved to a greenhouse where incidence of fruit infection was recorded daily for 8 days. No infection occurred at 4 or 35 C on immature fruit or at 4 C on mature fruit. Generally, fruit disease incidence increased with increased wetness durations, but on mature fruit at 35 C, disease incidence decreased over time from a maximum of 39%. Optimum temperature for infection on both immature and mature fruit was between 25 and 30 C, with greater than 80% disease incidence after 13 hr of wetness. A regression model using the logit of disease incidence as the dependent variable accurately described infection level as a function of wetness duration (W) and temperature (T). Terms in the model were W, WT, WT2, and WT3, and all estimated parameters were significant. Coefficients of determination for combined data from three repetitions of the experiment were 0.71 and 0.83 for immature and mature fruit, respectively.

90. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Influence of temperature and wetness duration on infection of immature strawberry fruit by Phytophthora cactorum.
Grove, G. G.; Madden, L. V.; Ellis, M. A.; Schmitthenner, A. F. Phytopathology v.75(2): p.165-169. ill. (1985 Feb.)
Includes 27 references.

Descriptors: phytophthora-cactorum; fragaria-ananassa; infection-; temperatures-

91. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Influence of temperature and wetness duration on infection of strawberry flowers by Botrytis cinerea and disease incidence of fruit originating from infected flowers.
Bulger, M. A.; Ellis, M. A.; Madden, L. V. Phytopathology v.77(8): p.1225-1230. (1987 Aug.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; botrytis-cinerea; infection-; flowers-

92. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Influence of temperature and wetness duration on sporulation of Phytophthora cactorum on infected strawberry fruit.
Grove, G. G.; Madden L.V.; Ellis, M. A. Phytopathology v.75(6): p.700-703. (1985 June)
Includes 18 references.

Descriptors: phytophthora-cactorum; fragaria-ananassa; sporulation-; temperatures-; water-; infection-

93. NAL Call No.: 60.9-W123
Influence of temperature of the root medium on the growth of seedlings of various crop plants.
Brouwer, R. Mededeling (175): p.11-18. ill. (1962)
Includes references.

Descriptors: pisum-; brassica-; vicia-faba; phaseolus-vulgaris; fragaria-; zea-mays; avena-sativa; linum-usitatissimum; root-zone-temperature; seedlings- ; growth-; shoots-; leaf-area; cell-growth; dry-matter; reduced-cell-extension; stomatal-density

94. NAL Call No.: 11-F772
Influence of temperature on root weevil populations in strawberry fields Otiorrhynchus spp., Sciaphilus asperatus, Norway. Temperaturen sin verknad pa populasjonar av rotsnutebiller i jordbaerfelt. Temperaturen sin verknad pa populasjonar av rotsnutebiller i jordbaerfelt.
Hesjedal, K. Forsk-Fors-Landbruket. As, Kontoret for informasjon og rettleiing i landbruk. 1981. v. 32 (1) p. 7-12. ill.
Includes 4 ref.

Descriptors: Norway-

95. NAL Call No.: SB13.S3
Influences of water status and temperature on leaf elongation in strawberry.
Renquist, A. R.; Breen, P. J.; Martin, L. W. Sci-Hortic v.18(1): p.77-85. ill. (1982 Nov.)
Includes references.

96. NAL Call No.: 442.8-Z8
The inheritance of vegetative growth traits in strawberries (Fragaria X ananassa) grown at low temperatures and their relationship to field productivity.
Shaw, D. V.; Hansen, J. J. Theor-appl-genet v.87(1/2): p.170-176. (1993 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; inheritance-; heritability-; growth-; vegetative-period; air-temperature; environmental-temperature; growth-chambers; genotype-environment-interaction; genetic-correlation; pleiotropy-; field-experimentation

Abstract: The genetic relationship between vegetative growth at low temperatures and productivity was investigated for strawberries grown in controlled and field environments. Genotypes from 20 biparental crosses were grown in controlled environments with 11 degrees, 14 degrees, and 17 degrees C days, 11 degrees C nights, and 11-h daylength to simulate a range of winter growing conditions expected in mediterranean environments. Individual plants were scored for two initial runner traits and eight vegetative growth traits. Significant main effects of temperature and cross were detected for all growth chamber traits, and conservative estimates of the broad sense heritability (h2) for these traits were 0.10-0.28. None of the temperature X cross interaction effects were significant, suggesting that genetic potential for vegetative growth and vigor is expressed similarly at low and optimal growing temperatures. Highly significant genetic correlations were detected between many growth chamber trait pairs, indicating pleiotropic effects for the genes that condition these traits. Complementary field trials were established, and individual plants were scored for traits that describe yield, production pattern, and plant size. Significant negative genetic correlations were detected between traits that describe growth in the chambers and early production in the field trials, but genetic correlations between chamber growth traits and mid-season or total production were significantly positive and occasionally large. using traits scored in the nursery can be used to improve yield and modify production pattern in the field.

97. NAL Call No.: SB599.C35
Inoculum concentration, leaf age, wetness duration, and temperature in relation to infection of strawberry leaves by Diplocarpon earlianum.
Zheng, J.; Sutton, J. C. Can-J-plant-pathol v.16(3): p.177-186. (1994 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; diplocarpon-earlianum; epidemiology-; leaves-; inoculum-density; leaf-age; air-temperature; moisture-; lesions-; environmental-factors; inoculation-methods; disease-models; mathematical-models; prediction-; infection-; pathogenesis-

Abstract: Inoculum concentration, leaf age, leaf wetness duration, and temperature markedly, and often interactively, affected numbers of lesions produced by Diplocarpon earlianum on strawberry leaves. Incidence of lesions at sites on leaves inoculated with 10-microliter droplets of inoculum increased linearly with concentration of the inoculum (0 to 1 X 10(4) conidia/mL). Density of lesions on leaves sprayed with spore suspensions containing 0 to 8 X 10(4) conidia/mL increased in a pattern resembling a saturation curve. Number of lesions increased quadratically and diameter of lesions increased linearly with leaf age. Density of lesions increased quadratically with wetness duration at 10-30 degrees C. In some conditions of persistent wetness (greater than or equal to 24 h) at 20-30 degrees C, lesion density peaked then markedly declined. Minimum wetness duration for infection ranged from 5 to 15 h, depending on leaf age and temperature. Density of lesions at 20 degrees C was near optimum after 21 h wetness in leaves 9-10, 15-17, and 22-24-days-old, and after 34 h in leaves 2-3 days old. Density of lesions in leaves 15-16 days old was high after 18 h wetness at 15-30 degrees C and after 24 h wetness at 10 degrees C. Observations of infection under various wetness and temperature conditions in the field generally agreed with those under controlled conditions. A polynomial model was developed that predicted lesion density effectively under controlled conditions and was moderately effective in the field.

98. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Irrigation method and rowcover use for strawberry freeze protection.
Hochmuth, G. J.; Locascio, S. J.; Kostewicz, S. R.; Martin, F. G. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.118(5): p.575-579. (1993 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; frost-protection; irrigation-

Abstract: Three irrigation treatments (none, drip, and sprinkler) and eight rowcover treatments were evaluated for their capacity to provide freeze protection for strawberries (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) in a split-plot factorial field experiment The period under study included 20 freeze events, two events with minima of -9.5C and -10.0C. With no freeze protection, up to 93% of the flowers were damaged by freezes. Among sprinkler-irrigated plants, an average of only 10% flowers were damaged due to the freezes. Heavy-weight rowcovers (polyethylene blanket and polypropylene, 30 and 50 g.m-2, respectively) protected strawberry flowers as well as sprinkler irrigation to -4.4C. Early yield (December-January) from unprotected plants was negligible. Early yields from plants protected with a 3.2-mm polyethylene blanket or a 50 g.m-2 polypropylene cover were equal to yields obtained with sprinkler-protected plants. Combinations of sprinkler and certain rowcover treatments provided for better fruit production than either treatment alone. Drip irrigation alone provided no protection from freezes. All strawberry plants recovered from freeze damage and total-season yields were similar with all irrigation methods and rowcovers.

99. NAL Call No.: 450-C16
Isozymes as markers for identification of tissue culture and greenhouse-grown strawberry cultivars.
Nehra, N. S.; Kartha, K. K.; Stushnoff, C. Can-J-Plant-Sci-Rev-Can-Phytotech v.71(4): p.1195-1201. (1991 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; hybrids-; cultivars-; isoenzymes-; genetic-markers; meristems-; tissue-culture; tissue-extracts; chemical-composition; age-; light-intensity; phenotypes-; identification-; laboratory-methods; nova-scotia; ontario-

100. NAL Call No.: QL750.O3
Leaf dynamics and profitability in wild strawberries.
Jurik, T. W.; Chabot, B. F. Oecologia v.69(2): p.296-304. (1986)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-virginiana; leaves-; leaf-area; longevity-; leaf-age; photosynthesis-; environmental-factors

101. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Leaf temperature and water stress in strawberry.
Mannini, P.; Anconelli, S. Acta-hortic (345): p.55-61. (1993 June)

Paper presented at the "Session on Small Fruits at the 23rd International Horticultural Conference," August 27-September 1, 1990, Florence, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; leaves-; temperature-; water-stress; estimation-; crop-yield; water-requirements

102. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Leaf tipburn on strawberry.
Coosemans, J. Acta-Hortic (265): p.489-496. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; leaves-; tipburn-; symptoms-; calcium-; deficiency-; boron-; runners-; production-; techniques-; environmental-factors; belgium-

103. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Leather rot of strawberry: a summary of research in Ohio.
Grove, G. G.; Ellis, M. A.; Madden, L. V. Adv-Strawberry-Prod. [s.l.] : North American Strawberry Growers Association. Spring 1985. v. 4 p. 4-9. ill.
Includes 31 references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; phytophthora-cactorum; cyclic-fluctuations; overwintering-; sporulation-; environmental-factors; disease-control; ohio-

104. NAL Call No.: QH653.T4Sakai, A.; Yamakawa, M.; Sakata, D. H. T.; Yakuwa, T. T. p. c. Low-Temp-Sci-Ser-B-Biol-Sci-Hokkaido-Univ. Sapporo, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University. 1978. v. 36 p. 31- 38. ill.
23 ref.

105. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Low-temperature injury to strawberry floral organs at several stages of development.
Ki, W. K.; Warmund, M. R. HortScience v.27(12): p.1302-1304. (1992 Dec.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; inflorescences-; freezing-; tests-; cold-tolerance; styles-; anthers-; developmental-stages; frost-injury; missouri-; receptacles-

Abstract: Inflorescences of 'Earliglow' and 'Honeoye' strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) plants were subjected to controlled freezing tests to determine the cold tolerance of styles, anthers, and receptacles of individual flowers at various stages of development. Flowers of both cultivars tended to deacclimate as the stages of development progressed. Styles and receptacles generally exhibited injury at higher temperatures than anthers. The greatest deacclimation of styles and receptacles of primary flowers occurred at earlier developmental stages of 'Honeoye' than of 'Earliglow,'. However, at the sixth stage of development, the critical temperature for receptacle injury in primary and secondary fruit was 3C for both cultivars.

106. NAL Call No.: SB608.F8M6
The management of insect pollinators and pests in Quebec strawberry plantations.
Vincent, C.; De Oliveira, D. D.; Belanger, A. Monitoring and integrated management of arthropod pests of small fruit crops / editors N.J. Bostainian, L.T. Wilson and T.J. Dennehy. Andover, Hampshire : Intercept, c1990. p. 177-192. ill.

Literature review.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; crop-production; beneficial-insects; biological-control; insect-control; insect-pests; integrated-systems; pollinators-; phenology-; precipitation-; literature-reviews; quebec-

107. NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32T
Mathematical modeling of gas exchange in modified atmosphere packaging.
Emond, J. P.; Castaigne, F.; Toupin, C. J.; Desilets, D. Trans-A-S-A-E v.34(1): p.239-245. (1991 Jan.-1991 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: broccoli-; fruit-; strawberries-; vegetables-; food-packaging; gas-exchange; modified-atmosphere-storage; postharvest-physiology; computer-simulation; mathematical-models

Abstract: Laboratory experiments were performed to determine gas exchanges through perforations. Empirical equations were developed to predict the effective permeabilities to CO2 and O2 for different values of diameter, thickness, and temperature. A computer program was developed to simulate gas exchange for three kinds of package covering: permeable polymeric film; perforation with impermeable film; and perforation with permeable polymeric film. Simulation results provide answers to the appropriate package for the storage of broccoli and strawberries under modified atmosphere.

108. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Measuring transpiration rates of tomato and other detached fruit.
Shirazi, A.; Cameron, A. C. HortScience v.28(10): p.1035-1038. (1993 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: tomatoes-; strawberries-; water-vapor-movement; modified-atmosphere-storage; packaging-; permeability-; relative-humidity; postharvest- physiology; transpiration-

Abstract: A method was developed to measure transpiration rates and apparent watervapor permeability coefficients (P'H2O) of detached fruit using an analytical balance equipped with a humidity chamber, wide-range humidity-generating and sensing devices, and a datalogger. The system was designed to monitor weight changes with time and, hence, weight loss of individual fruit during exposure to specific relative humidities (RHs) and temperatures. Weight loss was corrected for loss due to respiratory exchange and CO2 before calculating P'H2O. Values of P'H2O for tomatoes obtained using this method over periods of 5 minutes to 24 hours ranged from 3 to 12 nmol-cm-1.g-1.kPa-1 at 20C, depending on the experimental conditions. These values are similar to previously published values and to those obtained in a conventional weight-loss experiment, which involved intermittent weighing. P'H2O for tomatoes dropped approximately 15% in 24 hours. P'H2O increased with a transient increase in RH; the extent of the increase was variable from fruit to fruit, ranging from 5% to 100% over 30% to 90% RH. The change was reversible in that P'H2O increased and decreased within minutes following shifts in RH. Similar changes were found for strawberry P'H2O. The increase in P'H2O may be due, in part, to a direct effect of water vapor on the water transport properties of the cuticular polymer and surface temperature depression as a result of evaporative cooling. At 50% RH and 20C, water vapor diffuses from tomatoes 50 times.

109. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Methods for study of raindrop impact on plant surfaces with application to predicting inoculum dispersal by rain.
Reynolds, K. M.; Madden, L. V.; Reichard, D. L.; Ellis, M. A. Phytopathology v.77(2): p.226-232. ill. (1987 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-pathogens; spread-; rain-; inoculum-; splash-dispersal

110. NAL Call No.: 450-C16
Miniature growth chambers for the study of environmental conditions in vitro.
Laforge, F.; Desjardins, Y.; Graham, M. E. D.; Gosselin, A. Can-J-Plant-Sci-Rev-Can-Phytotech v.70(3): p.825-835. (1990 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: rubus-; asparagus-officinalis; fragaria-ananassa; growth-rate; growth-chambers; environmental-control; temperature-; carbon-dioxide; light- ; laboratory-equipment; in-vitro

111. NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32P
Modeling MA packaging under varying surrounding temperature.
Talasila, P. C. Pap-Am-Soc-Agric-Eng. St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural Engineers,. Winter 1992. (92-6560/92-6587) 24 p.

Paper presented at the "1992 International Winter Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural Engineers," December 15- 18, 1992, Nashville, Tennessee.

Descriptors: fruit-; vegetables-; strawberries-; modified-atmosphere-storage; temperature-; packaging-; oxygen-; carbon-dioxide; concentration-; heat- transfer; mathematical-models; equations-

112. NAL Call No.: 290.9-AM32P
Modeling the effects of O2', CO2 and temperature of respiration of strawberries.
Talasila, P. C.; Chau, K. V.; Brecht, J. K. PAP-AMER-SOC-AGRIC-ENG. St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society. Summer 1990. (90-6070) 12 p.

Paper presented at the "1990 International Summer Meeting," June 24-27, 1990, Columbus, Ohio.

Descriptors: strawberries-; respiration-rate; temperature-; oxygen-; carbon-dioxide; food-packaging

113. NAL Call No.: 290.9-Am32T
Modified atmosphere packaging under varying surrounding temperature.
Talasila, P. C.; Chau, K. V.; Brecht, J. K. Trans-ASAE v.38(3): p.869-876. (1995 May-1995 June)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; packaging-; temperature-; mathematical-models; carbon-dioxide; oxygen-; concentration-; prediction-; respiration-rate; optimization-

Abstract: A mathematical model was developed to predict temperature and gas concentrations in modified atmosphere packages exposed to variable surrounding temperatures. Experiments were conducted with strawberries under constant and variable surrounding temperatures to validate the model for both conditions. For a constant surrounding temperature condition of 15.2 degrees C, the mathematical model closely predicted the CO2 concentrations in the packages, whereas the O2 concentrations were underpredicted. For a variable surrounding temperature condition of 12 h at 18.6 degrees C, followed by 48 h at 4.2 degrees C, then 12 to 20 h at 18.6 degrees C, temperatures and O2 concentrations predicted by the model closely agreed with the experimental data. The CO2 concentrations in some of the packages were slightly underpredicted. Natural variation in respiration rate between batches of the product caused the slight disagreement between experimental and model predicted results. The mathematical model can be used not only to determine the package specifications for a given product and given surrounding temperatures, but also to predict the amount of time required for the packaging system to attain the designed optimum conditions.

114. NAL Call No.: 500-N21P
Molecular cloning and sequencing of a cDNA for plant calmodulin: signal-induced changes in the expression of calmodulin.
Jena, P. K.; Reddy, A. S. N.; Poovaiah, B. W. Proc-Natl-Acad-Sci-U-S-A v.86(10): p.3644-3648. (1989 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; solanum-tuberosum; zea-mays; calcium-binding-proteins; amino-acids; auxins-; cloning-; dna-; gene-expression; genetic-code; light-relations; molecular-biology; nucleotide-sequence

115. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Net photosynthesis, growth and development of three photoperiodic types of strawberry as affected by photoperiod.
Durner, E. F.; Barden, J. A.; Himelrick, D. H. Adv-Strawberry-Prod. [s.l.] : North American Strawberry Growers Association. Spring 1985. v. 4 p. 28-31.
Includes 16 references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; everbearing-habit; photoperiod-; net-assimilation-rate; leaf-area-ratio; growth-rate; growth-habit

116. NAL Call No.: SB321.G85
New day-neutral strawberries for a three-season harvest.
Gauthier, N. L. Grow-Veg-Small-Fruit-Newsl. Storrs, Conn. : Coop. Ext. Serv., USDA, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Univ. of Conn. Mar 1992. v. 92 (3) p. 1-3.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; photoperiod-; flowering-; crop-husbandry; harvesting-date; everbearing-habit; new-england

117. NAL Call No.: S544.3.N7A45
New day-neutral strawberries yield fruit through October.
Kim, Y. Ag-Impact. Batavia, N.Y. : Agricultural Div. of Coop Extension, Four Western Plain Counties, N.Y. State. Sept 1987. v. 14 (9) p. 6-7. ill.

Descriptors: fragaria-; photoperiod-; everbearing-habit; new-york

118. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Objective and sensory evaluation of fresh fruit of day-neutral strawberry cultivars.
Reitmeier, C. A.; Nonnecke, G. R. HortScience v.26(7): p.843-845. (1991 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; photoperiod-; fruit-; strawberries-; food-quality; organoleptic-traits; california-; iowa-; photoperiod-neutral-cultivars

Abstract: Sensory and objective attributes of fresh fruit of five locally grown day-neutral strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duch.) cultivars (Tristar, Tribute, Mrak, Yolo, and Selva) were compared to those of California-grown strawberries available in the Iowa markets. 'Tristar' and 'Tribute' fruit were redder and more sour than fruit of other day-neutral cultivars, and 'Tristar' fruit were the most juicy of the berries evaluated. 'Tristar' and 'Tribute' fruit had higher titratable acidity and lower Hunter L (lightness) values than those of other evaluated fruit. Sensory panelists rated the California-grown berries as the least red.

119. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Occlusion of water pores prevents guttation in older strawberry leaves.
Takeda, F.; Wisniewski, M. E.; Glenn, D. M. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.116(6): p.1122-1125. (1991 Nov.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; leaves-; age-differences; water-; pores-; guttation-; closures-; scanning-electron-microscopy; hydathodes-

Abstract: Hydathodes of young, folded strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) leaves had unoccluded water pores with various sized apertures, as observed by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. Hydathodes of fully expanded leaves were brownish and the water pores within the hydathodes were covered with a solid material, presumably comprised of epicuticular waxes and substances excreted through the hydathodes. The entire water pore area of the hydathode was occasionally covered with a shield-like plate. The shield-like plate over the hydathode water pores impeded water flow even with an induced positive pressure. Mechanical scraping of the hydathode area eliminated impedance to water conduction. These observations suggest that external occlusion of water pores in the hydathodes is the resistance component associated with the absence of guttation in older strawberry leaves.

120. NAL Call No.: 107.6-SH6K
On the abnormal relationship of strawberry flowers (cultivar 'Hokowase') from forcing culture in plastic greenhouse with deficient calcium transport by guttation Excessive humidity or high temperature.
Kanasashi, N.; Sada, M.; Ikegaya, Y.; Kamiya, E.; Iwasaki, M. Bull-Shikoku-Agric-Exp-Stn (25): p.11-18. ill. (1980 Oct.)
8 ref.

121. NAL Call No.: TP368.L4
Osmotic concentration at 5 degrees C and 25 degrees C of pear and apple cubes and strawberry halves.
Garrote, R. L.; Silva, E. R.; Bertone, R. A. Lebensm-Wiss-Technol-Food-Sci-Technol v.25(2): p.133-138. (1992)
Includes references.

Descriptors: apples-; pears-; strawberries-; particles-; food-processing; drying-; osmosis-; time-; temperature-; agitation-

122. NAL Call No.: TP373.5.J6
Osmotic dehydration of strawberries in a batch recirculation system.
Yang, D. C.; Le Laguer, M. J-Food-Qual v.15(6): p.387-397. (1992 Dec.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; cultivars-; food-processing; osmosis-; dehydration-; food-quality

Abstract: Physical and chemical characteristics of two cultivars of strawberries during osmotic dehydration in sucrose and glucose solutions were investigated. Temperature was found to have a significant effect on the water and sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) exchange between strawberry and the osmotic solution. Mass transfer was found not to be significantly different between cultivars. Glucose gain was found to be higher than sucrose for the strawberries osmotically dehydrated in glucose and sucrose solutions at the same mole fraction, respectively. Sugars other than the osmotic sugar were found to decrease in concentration during the osmotic process. The combination of 63% sucrose solution with 25C process temperature for 2 h was able to remove more than 40% of moisture and load less than 0.1% of sucrose in the strawberries.

123. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Overwinter survival of Colletotrichum acutatum in infected strawberry fruit in Ohio.
Wilson, L. L.; Madden, L. V.; Ellis, M. A. Plant-Dis v.76(9): p.948-950. (1991 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-acutatum; overwintering-; survival-; fruits-; surface-layers; subsurface-layers; freezing-; air-temperature; soil-temperature; precipitation-; winter-; ohio-

124. NAL Call No.: 80-F9464
Pacific Northwest strawberry cultivars.
Lawrence, F. J. Fruit-Var-J v.43(1): p.19-21. (1989 Jan.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; climatic-factors; plant-production; surveys-; british-columbia; oregon-; washington-

125. NAL Call No.: TX545.J6
Partial characterization of chlorophyllase from strawberry fruit (Fragaria ananassa, Duch.).
Martinez, G. A.; Civello, P. M.; Chaves, A. R.; Anon, M. C. J-food-biochem v.18(4): p.213-226. (1995)
Includes references.

Descriptors: plant-extracts; chlorophyll-; strawberries-; enzyme-activity; chlorophyllase-; characterization-; ripening-; chemical-composition; fragaria- ananassa; maturity-; maturity-stage; food-composition

Abstract: In this article we report the existence of chlorophyllase in strawberry fruit (Fragaria ananassa, Duch.). The enzyme was extracted from either fresh fruit or from acetone powder in the presence of Triton X-100 to improve its solubilization. The composition of the reaction mixture as well as the enzymatic activity conditions were optimized. At test conditions the temperature of maximum enzymatic activity was 40C and optimum pH 7.8. The chlorophyllase showed a considerable resistance to thermal treatment. The enzyme was stable for incubation times of 30 min up to 50C. Chlorophyllase showed a preferential action on chlorophyll a at pHs 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0. The specific enzyme activity, just as did chlorophyll level, decreased during ripening.

126. NAL Call No.: 381-J8223
Partial purification and some properties of alcohol acyltransferase from strawberry fruits.
Perez, A. G.; Sanz, C.; Olias, J. M. J-agric-food-chem v.41(9): p.1462-1466. (1993 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; acyltransferases-; purification-; enzyme-activity; biosynthesis-; esters-; volatile-compounds; flavor-compounds

Abstract: The enzyme system concerning volatile ester formation in strawberry Fragaria ananassa X Duchessne var. Chandler was studied. Protein with alcohol acyltransferase activity was purified about 29-fold from Chandler strawberry fruits by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, and anion-exchange chromatography. The enzyme activity had a pH optimum of 8.0 and an optimum temperature of 35 degrees C. The apparent Mr estimated by gel filtration was 70 00. The enzyme was tested for its preference in using different acyl-CoAs and alcohols. Maximum activity was obtained using acetyl-CoA and hexyl alcohol as substrates. A clear correlation was observed between substrate preference and volatile eaters present in strawberry var. Chandler.

127. NAL Call No.: SB385.S92
Pathogenicity of plant parasitic nematodes to strawberry plants as affected by host plant conditions and environmental factors.
Szczygiel, A.; Instytut Sadownictwa. Experiment station, B. Skierniewice : Research Institute of Pomology, 1980?. 51, 32 leaves., Final report July 1st, 1973 to Dec. 31st, 1979.

Descriptors: Strawberries-; Nematoda-; Nematode-diseases-of-plants

128. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Performance of Californian and eastern U.S. strawberry cultivars under conditions mimicking eastern production systems.
Hancock, J. F.; Hokanson, S. C.; Callow, P. W.; Sakin, M.; Haghighi, K.; Flore, J. A. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.117(6): p.991-995. (1992 Nov.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; variety-trials; crop-production; crop-yield; temperature-; plant-breeding; crop-quality; agronomic- characteristics; northeastern-states-of-usa; california-; southeastern-states-of-usa

Abstract: Twenty-one western and 13 eastern strawberry [Fragaria X ananassa (Duch.)] cultivars were grown in a polyethylene-covered greenhouse (polyhouse) in deep beds at either 10 X 10 or 25 X 25 cm spacing. Runners were removed weekly from the closest-spaced plants (hills), and the more open-spaced plants were allowed to set four runners on each side of the mother plant before the runners were removed (matted rows). Temperatures were allowed to fluctuate normally in the polyhouse, except that winter temperatures were maintained above 0C. The average yield of eastern and western cultivars did not differ significantly in most comparisons, but the average fruit weight of the Californian cultivars was significantly higher than the eastern ones, and Californian cultivars allocated a higher proportion of their biomass to reproduction. Nonbearing plants of eastern and western cultivars produced similar numbers of runners per plant and daughters per runner. There was no significant relationship between CO2 assimilation rate and yield. Interbreeding eastern cultivars with the most productive western genotypes might result in increased yields, but only if the higher reproductive efforts of the western types can be captured and transferred.

129. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Photoperiod and temperature effects on flower and runner development in day-neutral, junebearing, and everbearing strawberries.
Durner, E. F.; Barden, J. A.; Himelrick, D. G.; Poling, E. B. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.109(3): p.396-400. (1984 May)
Includes references.

130. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Photoperiod and temperature effects on flower and runner development in day-neutral, junebearing, and everbearing strawberries.
Durner, E. F.; Barden, J. A.; Himelrick, D. G.; Poling, E. B. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.109(3): p.396-400. (1984 May)
Includes references.

131. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Photoperiod and temperature effects on starch accumulation in strawberry roots.
Maas, J. L. Adv-Strawberry-Prod. [s.l.] : North American Strawberry Growers Association. Spring 1986. v. 5 p. 22-24.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; roots-; starch-; photoperiod-; temperature-

132. NAL Call No.: 410-EC7
Photosynthetic dynamics in varying light environments: a model and its application to whole leaf carbon gain Fragaria virginia, Virginia strawberry.
Gross, L. J. Ecology-Durham. Durham, Ecological Society of America. Feb 1982. v. 63 (1) p. 84-93. ill.
Includes 2 p. ref.

133. NAL Call No.: QR53.B56
Physical factors influencing the production of strawberry aroma by Pseudomonas fragi grown in skim milk.
Raymond, Y.; Morin, A.; Cormier, F.; Champagne, C. P.; Dubeau, H. Biotechnol-Lett v.12(12): p.931-936. (1990 Dec.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: pseudomonas-fragi; skim-milk; food-additives; aroma-; fermentation-; secondary-metabolites; biosynthesis-; growth-; temperature-; agitation-; ph-; yields-

134. NAL Call No.: 513-T64
Physiological studies on dormancy of strawberry (Fragaria grandiflora Ehrh.). III. Influence of temperature conditions in the period of chilling requirement on growth regulating substance in dormant strawberry crown and root.
Tanabe, K.; Hayashi, S.; Banno, K. Tottori-Daigaku-Nogakubu-Kenkyu-Hokoku-Bull-Fac-Agric-Tottori-Univ. Tottoria : The University. Jan 1985. v. 37 p. 1-7.
Includes 7 references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; dormancy-; temperatures-; growth-regulators; dormancy-breaking; japan-

135. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P692Cotten, J.; Roberts, H. T. d. a. o. t. p. s. m. c. a. t. o. t. s. Plant-Pathol. London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office. June 1980. v. 29 (2) p. 70-76. ill.
9 ref.

136. NAL Call No.: 450-P692Gross, L. J.; Chabot, B. F. T. Plant-Physiol. Bethesda, American Society of Plant Physiologists June 1979. v. 63 (6) p. 1033-1038. ill.
23 ref.

137. NAL Call No.: 450-P692Jurik, T. W.; Chabot, J. F.; Chabot, B. F. T. Plant-Physiol. Bethesda, American Society of Plant Physiologists Mar 1979. v. 63 (3) p. 542-547. ill.
22 ref.

138. NAL Call No.: 450-P692Campbell, D. E.; Corse, J. T. Plant-Physiol. Rockville, Md., American Society of Plant Physiologists. Apr 1981. v. 67 (4) p. 53.

Abstract only.

139. NAL Call No.: 80-AR2
Possibilities for improving the forecast of annual strawberry yields with regard to yield-influencing climatic factors on example of the variety "Senga Sengana". Moglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Jahresertragsvoraussage bei Erdbeere durch Berucksichtigung ertragsbeeinflussender Witterungsfaktoren am Beispiel der Sorte "Senga Sengana". Moglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Jahresertragsvoraussage bei Erdbeere durch Berucksichtigung ertragsbeeinflussender Witterungsfaktoren am Beispiel der Sorte "Senga Sengana".
Rudolph, V. Arch-Gartenbau v.33(4): p.233-242. ill. (1985)
Includes 12 references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; weather-forecasting; varieties-; crop-yield; climatic-factors

140. NAL Call No.: 80-ER9
Possibilities of strawberry precipitation. Moglichkeiten zur Verfruhung der Erdbeerernte. Moglichkeiten zur Verfruhung der Erdbeerernte.
Seipp, D. Erwerbsobstbau v.25(3): p.64-66. ill. (1983 Mar.)
Includes references.

141. NAL Call No.: 80-ER9
Possibilities of strawberry precipitation. Moglichkeiten zur Verfruhung der Erdbeerernte. Moglichkeiten zur Verfruhung der Erdbeerernte.
Seipp, D. Erwerbsobstbau v.25(3): p.64-66. ill. (1983 Mar.)
Includes references.

142. NAL Call No.: TP373.5.J6
Postharvest changes in strawberry fruit stored under simulated retail display conditions.
Collins, J. K.; Perkins Veazie, P. J-food-qual v.16(2): p.133-143. (1993 Apr.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; food-storage; postharvest-physiology; postharvest-decay; retail-marketing; simulation-

Abstract: 'Cardinal' strawberry fruit were placed in plastic boxes with plastic dome lids (PDL) or with polyethylene wrap (PE), warmed to 25 degrees C for 8 h and stored at 1 degree C or 5 degrees C to simulate retail storage temperature conditions. For all treatments, fruit held at 5 degrees C decayed and deteriorated more than fruit held at 1 degree C. During storage at 1 degree C or 5 degrees C, fruit in boxes with PE accumulated CO2 (0.75-2% CO2/mg), had less weight loss and better color retention than fruit in boxes with PDL. After 3 days of storage, precooled strawberries exposed to 8 h of warming had more weight loss and worse appearance than fruit held continuously at 1 degree C; these differences were not apparent after 7 days.

143. NAL Call No.: 450-C16
Postharvest color development of strawberries: influence of maturity, temperature and light.
Kalt, W.; Prange, R. K.; Lidster, P. D. Can-J-Plant-Sci-Rev-Can-Phytotech v.73(2): p.541-548. (1993 Apr.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; postharvest-physiology; color-; storage-; air-temperature; light-intensity; anthocyanins-; pelargonidin-; cyanidin-; maturity-; pelargonidin-3-glucoside; cyanidin-3-glucoside

144. NAL Call No.: 81-M58
The practical application of a stawberry irrigation system.
Scheel, D. C. Annu-Rep-Mich-State-Hortic-Soc (114th): p.182-197. (1984)

Descriptors: fragaria-; irrigation-systems; soil-moisture; frost-protection; air-temperature; wind-; evaporative-cooling; fertirrigation-

145. NAL Call No.: 389.8-F7322
Processing, packaging, and storage effects on quality of freeze-dried strawberries.
Paakkonen, K.; Mattila, M. J-Food-Sci-Off-Publ-Inst-Food-Technol v.56(5): p.1388-1392. (1991 Sept.-1991 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; sorption-isotherms; water-uptake; sensory-evaluation; temperature-; surfaces-; food-quality; freeze-drying; food-packaging

Abstract: Water sorption isotherms of freeze-dried strawberries were determined using the interval sorption technique. The surface temperature during freeze-drying (from 20 degrees C to 60 degrees C) affected the hygroscopicity of the strawberries, particularly below 0.40 a w. Over 1 yr, quality changes in dried strawberries were evaluated by sensory analysis at 3-month intervals. Crushing before drying and low processing temperatures improved sensory quality of dried strawberries and vacuum packaging improved storage stability.

146. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Pyrrolnitrin delays postharvest fruit rot in strawberries.
Takeda, F.; Janisiewicz, W. J.; Roitman, J.; Mahoney, N.; Abeles, F. B. HortScience v.25(3): p.320-322. ill. (1990 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; postharvest-storage-decay; decay-fungi; botrytis-cinerea; penicillium-; biological-control; pseudomonas-cepacia; metabolites-; pyrroles-; cold-storage; temperature-relations; storage-life

147. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Rain splash dispersal of Colletotrichum acutatum from infected strawberry fruit.
Yang, X.; Wilson, L. L.; Madden, L. V.; Ellis, M. A. Phytopathology v.80(6): p.590-595. ill. (1990 June)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-acutatum; berries-; infection-; disease-distribution; rain-; conidia-; spore-dispersal; distribution-; wind-; inoculum-; environmental-factors; disease-transmission; spatial-distribution; disease-incidence; rain-intensity; rain-duration

Abstract: A rain simulator was used to investigate the influence of rain intensity (15 and 30 mm/hr), rain duration (15-60 min), and ground cover on splash dispersal of Colletotrichum acutatum from infected strawberry fruit. Potted strawberry plants were held in two concentric circles (30- and 60-cm radii) by a wood frame which was levelly exposed to a uniform zone of generated rain. Infected fruits with sporulating lesions were placed in the center of the circles. Studies were conducted with three ground covers: soil, soil covered with fresh straw (6-8 cm deep), and plastic. With plastic cover, 100% disease incidence was obtained at both distances and all times. With soil and straw, disease incidence was generally less in the outer compared with the inner circle, but increased in both circles over time only with soil. With 60 min of rain at 30 cm from the source, mean disease incidence was greater than or equal to 90%. Rain intensity, however, did not have a consistent effect on dispersal. Influence of number (source strength) and distribution of infected fruit on resultant dispersal was evaluated, with one, five, or nine infected fruits clustered in the center of the circles. or five or nine fruits uniformly scattered over the frame. Neither source fruit number nor its spatial distribution, however, was found to significantly affect disease incidence. A simple wind tunnel also was incorporated into the study to evaluate the effect of horizontal air flow. With a flow of approximately 2.3 m/sec, differences in disease incidence between up- and downwind locations were significant at 60 cm from the source but not at 30 cm. At 60 cm, disease incidence downwind (approximately 60%) was triple the incidence upwind (approximately 18%).

148. NAL Call No.: QL750.O3
Reciprocal transport between ramets increases growth of Fragaria chiloensis when light and nitrogen occur in separate patches but only if patches are rich.
Friedman, D.; Alpert, P. Oecologia v.86(1): p.76-80. (1991)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-chiloensis; photosynthesis-; nitrogen-; growth-; nutrient-transport; photon-flux-density

149. NAL Call No.: 107.6-SA23
Regional characteristics of upland irrigation in Kinki District. I. Case studies of water requirement based standard of the design in climatic type zone of Setouchi Sea Side.
Yabe, K.; Tanigawa, T. Bull-Univ-Osaka-Prefect-Ser-B-Agric-Biol. Sakai, Osaka : The University. 1993. v. 45 p. 13-19.
Includes references.

Descriptors: irrigation-requirements; planning-; water-balance; precipitation-; case-studies; soil-water-content; irrigation-scheduling; water-; consumption-; lycopersicon-esculentum; fragaria-ananassa; flowers-; japan-; irrigation-simulation-of-water-balance; effective-rainfall

150. NAL Call No.: 442.8-An72
The relationship between colonisation and crown rot symptoms in strawberry plants infected with Phytophthora cactorum.
Pettitt, T. R.; Pegg, G. F. Ann-appl-biol v.125(2): p.267-277. (1994 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; phytophthora-cactorum; fungal-diseases; colonization-; infection-; symptoms-; necroses-; varietal-susceptibility; temperature-; environmental-factors; culture-techniques; comminution-dilution-plating-technique

151. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Relationship between strawberry gray mold incidence, environmental variables, and fungicide applications during different periods of the fruiting season.
Wilcox, W. F.; Seem, R. C. Phytopathology v.84(3): p.264-270. (1994 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; botrytis-cinerea; fruits-; pathogenicity-; environmental-factors; application-rates; developmental-stages; dicarboximide- fungicides; interactions-; plant-disease-control; application-date; vinclozolin-

Abstract: Incidence of gray mold (caused by Botrytis cinerea) on harvested strawberry fruit was evaluated with respect to environmental influences and fungicide regimes over four consecutive years. Disease incidence at harvest was correlated with the average daily values of 13 environmental variables during four discrete periods (or combinations thereof); these periods occurred from bloom until harvest and were defined by the timing of fungicide applications in designated treatments. Correlation coefficients in sprayed plots were determined with a variable weighting factor that most accurately accounted for fungicide influence on individual environmental variable X spray period combinations. Two bloom sprays provided the same annual level of control as four to five sprays from bloom through harvest, whereas applications made only after bloom provided relatively little control. Similarly, disease incidence was correlated strongly with environmental variables measured during the bloom period, particularly the durations of relative humidity >80% and >90% and surface wetness at 15-25 C. Environmental factors after bloom were correlated much more weakly with disease incidence, with the exception of vapor pressure deficit (negative correlation) and rainfall during periods defined by the first postbloom spray. Optimum fungicide weighting factors (0.0 full fungicide effect, complete negation of environmental influence; 1.0 no fungicide effect, full influence of environmental variable) were 0.5-0.8 for those variables with the highest correlation coefficients during bloom but were 1.0 for the most influential variables during periods after bloom.

152. NAL Call No.: DISS-65-01,086
The relationship of photoperiod, night temperature, chilling, auxins and inhibitors to vegetative growth and flowering in the strawberry.
Shaha, A. K. 1. 1964. 136 leaves : ill., Photocopy. Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International, 1987.

153. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Resistance of strawberry plants to colletotrichum fragariae affected by environmental conditions.
Smith, B. J.; Black, L. L. Plant-Dis v.71(9): p.834-837. (1987 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-fragariae; disease-resistance; environmental-temperature; relative-humidity; cultivars-

154. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Response models for conidiospore germination and germ tube elongation of Mycosphaerella fragariae as influenced by temperature and moisture.
Elliott, V. J. Phytopathology v.78(6): p.645-650. (1988 June)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; mycosphaerella-fragariae; disease-models; environmental-factors; spore-germination; growth-rate; temperatures-; moisture-

155. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Response of perennial cultured strawberries to fall planting.
Caldwell, J. D.; Grimes, L. W. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.112(4): p.620-624. (1987 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; planting-date; row-spacing; yield-correlations; south-carolina

156. NAL Call No.: Fiche-S-69-no.-453
Responses of strawberry varieties and species to duration of daily light period.
Darrow, G. M. G. M. 1. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1934. 32 p. : ill. --, Bibliography: p. 31.

157. NAL Call No.: Fiche-S-69-no.-453
Responses of strawberry varieties and species to duration of daily light period.
Darrow, G. M. G. M. 1. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1934. 32 p. : ill. --, Bibliography: p. 31.

158. NAL Call No.: 1-Ag84Te-no.453
Responses of strawberry varieties and species to duration of the daily light period.
Darrow, G. M. G. M. 1.; Waldo, G. F. G. F. 1. Washington : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1934. 32 p. : ill., Caption title.

Descriptors: Strawberries-Varieties; Plants,-Effect-of-light-on

159. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Rowcovers enhance reproductive and vegetative yield components in strawberries.
Gast, K. L. B.; Pollard, J. E. HortScience v.26(12): p.1467-1469. (1991 Dec.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plastic-tunnels; protected-cultivation; crop-yield; fruit-; yield-increases; set-; yield-components; environmental- temperature; heat-sums; sexual-reproduction; flowers-; new-hampshire

Abstract: Two independent studies conducted in 1986-87 and 1987-88 provided evidence that rowcover-modified microclimate can enhance yield component development in strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duch. cv. Earliglow). Early autumn rowcover application in 1986-87 followed by removal at bloom increased mean diurnal temperatures and degree-day accumulation in autumn and spring compared with controls without rowcovers. For rowcovered plants, leaf growth continued longer in autumn and resumed earlier in spring, and more trusses and flowers were produced. In 1987-88, increased production of marketable fruit with rowcovers occurred in the absence of an increase in flowers and appeared to be primarily due to increased development of tertiary berries.

160. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Salinity and shading effects on leaf water relations and ionic composition of strawberry plants grown on rockwool.
Awang, Y. B.; Atherton, J. G. J-hortic-sci v.69(2): p.377-383. (1994 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; salinity-; shading-; leaf-water-potential; osmotic-pressure; chemical-composition; chloride-; nitrates-; leaves-; solar-radiation; photosynthesis-; canopy-; temperature-; relative-humidity

161. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Seasonal and cropping effects on total and fertilizer nitrogen use in June-bearing and day-neutral strawberries.
Archbold, D. D.; MacKown, C. T. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.120(3): p.403-408. (1995 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; nitrogen-; use-efficiency; translocation-; nitrogen-retention; seasonal-cycle; photoperiod-; source-sink-relations; dry- matter-distribution; nutrient-reserves; nitrogen-metabolism; plant-analysis; fruits-; ammonium-nitrate; application-date; vegetative-period; kentucky-; partitioning-; soluble-reduced-nitrogen; insoluble-reduced-nitrogen; day-neutral; short-day; vegetative-nitrogen-recovery

Abstract: Total N and fertilizer N (FN) recovery and use by June-bearing 'Redchief' strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) and day-neutral 'Tribute' grown in matted-row beds were studied over 1-year periods. Fertilizer N was field-applied as 15NH415NO3 at planting in June or September, and all plants were harvested from bed sections in late autumn (November) and at the completion of the spring harvest (June). Distribution patterns of vegetative biomass were similar in both cultivars, with leaf tissue comprising the bulk of the vegetative dry weight per plant at both sampling dates. The fall and spring fruit crops each contributed > 40% of the total biomass per plant. Total N accumulation from soil N and FN increased as total biomass increased. Due in part to the additional biomass of the fall fruit crop, 'Tribute' recovered 38% more total N per unit bed area than 'Redchief'. Over 30% of the fall N total in 'Tribute' and the spring N total in both cultivars was partitioned to the fruit. In both cultivars, greater recovery of FN applied in September that at planting time was observed by the postharvest sampling date. However, 'Tribute' recovered only 14.2% of the FN applied in September, much less than the amount recovered by 'Redchief' during the same interval, implying a diminished ability to absorb FN during fruiting. In all vegetative tissues, soluble reduced N (SRN) was consistently less than insoluble reduced N (IRN) in November and June. Consistent seasonal trends in SRN and IRN values were not evident in any tissue except roots, where SRN content declined from November to June. Allocation of FN to the SRN and IRN pools was related to FN application date, cropping pattern, and total biomass. vegetative sink for FN. Fruit N concentration was constant for most of the fall 'Tribute' harvest period and declined in both cultivars during spring harvest. The spring 'Tribute' fruit crop received more FN from the September than the planting application, while the fall crop exhibited the opposite pattern, suggesting the fruit crop receives more storage than newly absorbed FN. The accumulation of FN in the root SRN pool in November and its depletion through the spring harvest reveals that root SRN plays a significant role in the temporary seasonal storage and internal cycling of N remobilized during spring growth.

162. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Seasonal plant shading, growth, and fruiting in 'Earliglow' strawberry.
Ferree, D. C.; Stang, E. J. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.113(3): p.322-327. (1988 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; shading-; light-intensity; fruiting-; developmental-stages; yield-factors; productivity-; wisconsin-; ohio-

163. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Sensitive stage of strawberry fruit to light for coloration.
Miura, H.; Shimizu, A.; Imada, S. Acta-hortic (345): p.63-65. (1993 June)

Paper presented at the "Session on Small Fruits at the 23rd International Horticultural Conference," August 27-September 1, 1990, Florence, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; ripening-; pigmentation-; light-; anthocyanins-

164. NAL Call No.: QK725.P53
Short-term studies of 15NO-3 and 15NH4+ uptake by micropropagated strawberry shoots cultured with or without CO2 enrichment.
Hdider, C.; Vezina, L. P.; Desjardins, Y. Plant-cell,-tissue-organ-cult v.37(2): p.185-191. (1994 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; ion-uptake; nitrate-; ammonia-; shoots-; micropropagation-; carbon-dioxide-enrichment; photoperiod-; rooting-capacity; developmental-stages; culture-media; cell-growth

165. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Soil mulches influence reproductive and vegetative growth of 'Fern' and 'Tristar' day-neutral strawberries.
Fear, C. D.; Nonnecke, G. R. HortScience v.24(6): p.912-913. (1989 Dec.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; photoperiodism-; plastic-mulches; polyethylene-; straw-mulches; soil-temperature; flowering-; fruiting-; crop- yield; vegetative-period

166. NAL Call No.: 309.9-N216
Soil solarization effects on annual strawberry production in Texas.
Patten, K.; Neuendorff, E.; Nimr, G. Proc-Natl-Agric-Plast-Congr (21st): p.71-75. (1989)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; soil-temperature; solar-radiation; integrated-pest-management; polyethylene-film; texas-

167. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Solarization is an effective soil disinfestation technique for strawberry production.
Hartz, T. K.; DeVay, J. E.; Elmore, C. L. HortScience v.28(2): p.104-106. (1993 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; soil-solarization; metam-; methyl-bromide; chloropicrin-; soil-fumigation; fungal-diseases; phytophthora-cactorum; verticillium-dahliae; soil-temperature; soil-depth; crop-yield; weed-control; plant-disease-control; california-

Abstract: Soil solarization, alone and combined with metam sodium (MS), was evaluated as an alternative to methyl bromide and chloropicrin (MBC) fumigation, the standard soil disinfestation technique in the California strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) industry. Tests were conducted in two consecutive annual production cycles in Irvine, Calif., an environment representative of the coastal strawberry production area. Solarization treatments were applied from late July through September for October plantings. Treatments were equally effective in reducing baited populations of phytophthora cactorum [(Lebert and Cohn) J. Schrot] (1989-90) and P. citricola Sawada (1990-91) when compared to pathogen survival in nontreated soil. Solarization and MBC reduced Verticillium dahliae Kleb inoculum in 1989-90, but MBC gave superior control in 1990-91. Solarization significantly controlled annual weeds, but was less effective than MBC. In 1989-90, solarization alone increased strawberry yield 12% over the yield of nontreated plots; when combined with MS, yield increase was 29%, equivalent to that achieved with MBC fumigation. Treatments were equally effective in increasing yields in the 1990-91 test.

168. NAL Call No.: 442.8-An72
Sources of crown rot (Pytophthora cactorum) infection in strawberry and the effect of cold storage on susceptibility to the disease.
Pettitt, T. R.; Pegg, G. F. Ann-appl-biol v.125(2): p.279-292. (1994 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; phytophthora-cactorum; fungal-diseases; cold-storage; temperature-; infection-; symptoms-; varietal-susceptibility; pathogenicity-; uk-

169. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Species identification and pathogenicity study of French Colletotrichum strains isolated from strawberry using morphological and cultural characteristics.
Denoyes, B.; Baudry, A. Phytopathology v.85(1): p.53-57. (1995 Jan.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-acutatum; colletotrichum-dematium; glomerella-cingulata; pathogenicity-; pathotypes-; strain- differences; fungal-morphology; conidia-; growth-; temperature-; sexual-reproduction; cultivars-; genetic-variation; symptoms-; france-; north- america; perithecia-

Abstract: This study reports for the first time the identification and characterization of Colletotrichum spp. of anthracnose isolates originating from strawberry grown in France. Sixteen French isolates of Colletotrichum and six North American isolates (also from strawberry) representing C. acutatum, C. gloeosporioides, and C. fragariae were compared with respect to morphological and cultural criteria. Fourteen of the French isolates were identified as C. acutatum, characterized by acute conidia and low growth rates. The remaining two isolates were identified as C. gloeosporioides (teleomorph, Glomerella cingulata), characterized by cylindrical conidia, production of perithecia, and high growth rates. C. fragariae was not found among the French isolates. Pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum isolates was evaluated on five strawberry cultivars: cvs. Elsanta and Valeta (susceptible), Addie (intermediate), and Sequoia and Dover (resistant). Isolates of C. gloeosporioides had low pathogenicity while C. acutatum isolates varied from slightly to very pathogenic. Some [isolate X cultivar] specificity was detected, and based on this interaction C. acutatum was classified into two groups. Isolates in group 1 caused a similar disease severity on Addie, Sequoia, and Dover, whereas those of group 2 were virulent on Addie but nonvirulent on Sequoia and Dover.

170. NAL Call No.: 80-P39
Strawberries all year round Cultivation, light and temperature. Des fraises toute l'annee. Des fraises toute l'annee.
Lemaitre, R. Pepinier-Hortic-Maraich. Paris, Federation nationale de la presse agricole et rurale. May 1980. (207) p. 59-61. ill.

171. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Strawberries (Fragaria).
Hancock, J. F.; Maas, J. L.; Shanks, C. H.; Breen, P. J.; Luby, J. J. Acta-Hortic (290): p.491-546. ([1990?])

In the series analytic: Genetic resources of temperate fruit and nut crops. 2. / edited by J.M. Moore and J.R. Ballington Jr.

Descriptors: fragaria-; strawberries-; cultivars-; characteristics-; genetic-improvement; genetics-; diversity-; geographical-distribution; genetic- resources; plant-diseases; insect-pests; mites-; environmental-factors; germplasm-; maintenance-

172. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Strawberry black root rot: a review.
Wing, K. B.; Pritts, M. P.; Wilcox, W. F. Adv-strawb-res. [United States] : North American Strawberry Growers Association, c1992-. 1994. v. 13 p. 13-19.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; rhizoctonia-; pythium-; root-rots; etiology-; pratylenchus-penetrans; plant-parasitic-nematodes; plant-pathogenic-fungi; environmental-factors; edaphic-factors; soil-types; soil-compaction; soil-temperature; soil-water-content; literature-reviews

173. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Strawberry developmental responses to photoperiod and temperature : a review.
Durner, E. F.; Poling, E. B. Adv-Strawberry-Prod. [s.l.] : North American Strawberry Growers Association. Spring 1988. v. 7 p. 6-15. ill.

Literature review.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-development; responses-; photoperiod-; temperature-; flowering-; plant-physiology; plant-production; chilling-

174. NAL Call No.: 382-SO12
Strawberry juice colour: the effect of some processing variables on the stability of anthocyanins.
Bakker, J.; Bridle, P.; Koopman, A. J-Sci-Food-Agric v.60(4): p.471-476. (1992)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; varieties-; food-processing; clarification-; food-storage; temperature-; aerobic-treatment; anaerobic-conditions; fruit-juices; color-; anthocyanins-; stability-

Abstract: The colour stability of juice and purees made from a mixture of two strawberry varieties, stored at +20 degrees C or at -20 degrees C under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, was studied. High-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric analysis were used to monitor the changes in colour during storage. Pelargonidin 3-glucoside comprised 80% of the total anthocyanin content. Four other pelargonidin-based peaks were found, being 10.4%, 3.5%, 0.7% and 0.3% of the total and two cyanidin peaks were present, being 3.3% and 0.4% of the total. Clarification before storage caused considerable losses in the initial anthocyanin concentrations. Storage conditions (air versus nitrogen) did not influence the rate of loss of anthoc