1. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Adapting crop properties for efficient mechanisation.
Baerdemaeker, J. de. Acta-hortic (355): p.77-83. (1994 Feb.)

In the series analytic: Plant breeding for mankind / edited by E. Van Bockstaele and J. Heursel.

Descriptors: crops-; lycopersicon-esculentum; fragaria-ananassa; beta-vulgaris-var; -saccharifera; plant-breeding; agronomic-characteristics; mechanical- harvesting; mechanization-; tomato-harvesters; beet-harvesters; strawberry-harvesters

2. NAL Call No.: 80-F9464
Adaptive zones and ancestry of the most important North American strawberry cultivars.
Hancock, J.; Luby, J. Fruit-var-j. University Park, Pa., American Pomological Society. Apr 1995. v. 49 (2) p. 85-90.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; geographical-distribution; adaptability-; ancestry-; climatic-zones; plant-breeding; germplasm-; north-america

3. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Adventitious regeneration and genetic variability in strawberry.
Damiano, C.; Ascarelli, A.; Frattarelli, A.; Lauri, P. Acta-hortic (392): p.107-114. (1995 Mar.)

Paper presented at the XXIV International Horticultural Congress on "Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops by Biotechnology" held August 21-27, 1994, Kyoto, Japan.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; regeneration-; cell-suspensions; callus-; tissue-culture; cultivars-; genetic-variation; isoenzymes-; enzyme- polymorphism; acid-phosphatase; peroxidase-; glutamate-dehydrogenase

4. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of apple and strawberry using disarmed Ti-binary vectors.
James, D. J.; Passey, A. J.; Barbara, D. J. Acta-Hortic (280): p.495-502. (1990 July)

In the series analytic: In vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding / edited by J. Janick and R.H. Zimmerman. Proceedings of an International Symposium, May 30-June 3, 1989, Bologna, Italy.

Descriptors: malus-; fragaria-; genetic-transformation; agrobacterium-tumefaciens; gene-transfer; transgenics-; gene-expression; tissue-culture

5. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Alternaria leaf spot in strawberry.
Wassenaar, L. M.; Scheer, H. A. T. v. d. Acta-Hortic (265): p.575-578. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; alternaria-alternata; variety-trials; disease-resistance; testing-; techniques-; netherlands-

6. NAL Call No.: 389.8-F7322
Analysis of volatile compounds from strawberry fruit stored under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP).
Shamaila, M.; Powrie, W. D.; Skura, B. J. J-Food-Sci-Off-Publ-Inst-Food-Technol v.57(5): p.1173-1176. (1992 Sept.-1992 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; modified-atmosphere-storage; sensory-evaluation; volatile-compounds

Abstract: Volatile compounds were extracted from strawberries stored at 1 degree C for 10 days under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) conditions in high barrier pouches flushed with either carbon dioxide, mixed gas, or air, and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Canonical variate analysis based on 25 selected volatile compounds classified the samples according to treatment and/or quality level. Unpackaged samples, MAP samples treated with air or mixed gas kept in storage for 3 days, and strawberries evaluated at day 0 were all initially different from strawberries held in carbon dioxide. After 10 days storage, all MAP strawberries were classified close together and quality attribute scores were lower.

7. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Anther culture of Fragaria X ananassa: environmental factors and medium components affecting microspore divisions and callus production.
Svensson, M.; Johansson, L. B. J-hortic-sci v.69(3): p.417-426. (1994 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; anther-culture; cell-division; callus-; cell-growth; culture-media; naa-; kinetin-; glutamine-; cultivars-; genetic-variation; charcoal-; light-intensity; regenerative-ability; clones-; gelation-; benzyladenine-; ploidy-; urea-; derivatives-

8. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Anthracnose of strawberry caused by the Colletotrichum complex in Florida.
Howard, C. M.; Maas, J. L.; Chandler, C. L.; Albregts, E. A. Plant-Dis v.76(10): p.976-981. (1992 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-; glomerella-; species-; fungal-diseases; epidemiology-; symptoms-; varietal-resistance; genetic- resistance; florida-

9. NAL Call No.: QK725.P54
Application of gas-permeable bags for in vitro cold storage of strawberry germplasm.
Reed, B. M. Plant-Cell-Rep v.10(9): p.431-434. (1991)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; germplasm-; in-vitro-culture; cold-storage; polyethylene-; bags-; gases-; permeability-; heat-; sealing-; cultivars-; storage-life; cold-hardening; gene-banks; micropropagation-; plant-collections

Abstract: This study reports the first use of gas-permeable, heat-sealable polyethylene bags for cold storage of plant tissue cultures. The bags were used to develop a new cold storage system for the in vitro strawberry collection at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR), Corvallis. In vitro Fragaria plantlets of 96 different accessions (species and cultivars) were transferred to bags with basal medium without growth regulators, heat-seated, grown for one week at 25 degrees C, cold hardened for one week, and then stored in the dark at 4 degrees C. These in vitro cultures were successfully stored for up to 24 months in polyethylene bags. Evaluations at three month intervals provided information on the condition of the diverse collection. Over 75% of the accessions originally stored remained in storage for 15 months and 47% remained for over 18 months. None of the 96 accessions studied was lost due to contamination or decline in vigor. Over 300 Fragaria accessions are currently stored using this system.

10. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Arabis mosaic virus: detection by SP6-generated cRNA probes and possible recombination with strawberry latent ringspot virus.
Hadidi, A.; Piazzolla, P.; Savino, V.; Clark, M. F. Acta-Hortic (308): p.49-55. (1992 Apr.)

Paper presented at the XVth International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Temperate Fruit Crops VIth International Symposium on Small Fruit Virus Diseases, July 8-13, 1991, Vienna, Austria.

Descriptors: arabis-mosaic-nepovirus; strawberry-latent-ringspot-virus; detection-; recombination-; small-fruits

11. NAL Call No.: QH540.N3
Artificial plant-Azotobacter symbiosis for atmospheric nitrogen fixation.
Gyurjan, I.; Koranyi, P.; Preininger, E.; Varga, S. S.; Paless, G. NATO-ASI-ser,-Ser-G:-Ecol-sci. Berlin, [East Germany] ; New York, [N.Y.] : Springer-Verlag, 1983-. 1995. v. 37 p. 401-413.

In the series analytic: Azospirillum VI and related microorganisms: Genetics, Physiology, Ecology / edited by I. Fendrik, M. del Gallo, J. Vanderleyden and M. de Zamaroczy.

Descriptors: azotobacter-vinelandii; nitrogen-fixing-bacteria; symbiosis-; chlamydomonas-reinhardtii; fragaria-ananassa; induced-cell-fusion; artificial-symbiosis; azomonas-insigns

12. NAL Call No.: 100-Id14
Berry varieties for Idaho.
Barney, D. L.; Colt, W. M.; Fellman, J. K. Bull-Univ-Ida,-Coll-Agric. Moscow : Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, 1953-. Nov 1992. (EXT 739) 23 p.

Descriptors: rubus-allegheniensis; vaccinium-; varieties-; pereskia-; sambucus-; fragaria-; descriptions-; idaho-

13. NAL Call No.: 450-P5622
Biosynthesis of acyclic homoterpenes: enzyme selectivity and absolute configuration of the nerolidol precursor.
Donath, J.; Boland, W. Phytochemistry-Oxford v.39(4): p.785-790. (1995 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; spathiphyllum-; gerbera-jamesonii; gossypium-herbaceum; humulus-lupulus; lycopersicon-esculentum; phaseolus- lunatus; biosynthesis-; terpenoids-; precursors-; leaves-; molecular-conformation; enzyme-activity; biochemical-pathways; chemical-reactions; spathiphyllum-wallisii

Abstract: The acyclic homoterpene 4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene is a metabolite of (3S)-nerolidol. The absolute configuration of the precursor was established by GC-MS analysis of the molecular ion of the homoterpene produced after feeding a mixture consisting of equal amounts of (3S)- [12-2H3, 13-3H3]- and (3R)-[4-2H2, 15-2H3]nerolidol to various plants. The degree of the enantioselectivity of the converting enzyme was found to be characteristic for the selected plant or the plant cultivar. Thus leaves of Phaseolus lunatus and leaves of Spatiphyllum wallisii convert specifically (3S)-nerolidol, whereas leaves of Fragaria X magna and leaves of Gossypium herbaceum exhibit only a moderate degree of enantioselectivity (3S:3R,66:34). The isotope distribution of the homoterpene emitted from leaves of G. herbaceum (herbivore inducible biosynthesis) and that of the homoterpene released from the blossoms (endogeneously controlled biosynthesis) of the plant is identical (S:R, 66:34) suggesting that the same enzyme is active within the different tissues or organs of the plant. A highly enantioselective synthesis of (3S)- [12-2H3,13-3H3]- and (3R)[4-2H2, 15-2H3]-nerolidol is described.

14. NAL Call No.: 442.8-AM3
Blossom sterility of strawberry seedlings--in relation to other characteristics.
Scott, D. H.; Knight, R. J. Jr.; Waldo, G. F. J-Hered v.53(1): p.187-191. (1962 Jan.-1962 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fragaria-chiloensis; sterility-; variety-trials; genetic-resistance

15. NAL Call No.: SB321.G85
Breeders develop new varieties.
Evans, P. W. Grow-Veg-Small-Fruit-Newsl. Storrs, Conn. : Coop. Ext. Serv., USDA, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Univ. of Conn. Mar 1992. v. 92 (3) p. 7.

Descriptors: rubus-idaeus; fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; habit-

16. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Breeding for matted row and high density planting systems in New Jersey.
Fiola, J.; Jelenkovic, G.; Nitzsche, P.; Galletta, G. Acta-hortic (348): p.81-85. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-breeding; cultivars-; agronomic-characteristics; high-density-planting; raised-beds; cropping-systems; new-jersey

17. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Breeding strawberries at the decaploid level.
Ahmadi, H.; Bringhurst, R. S. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.117(5): p.856-862. (1992 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; agronomic-characteristics; plant-breeding; ploidy-; california-

Abstract: Two groups of Fragaria decaploid (2n = 70, x = 7) breeding populations were studied. The first was derived from pentaploid (2n = 35) and hexaploid (2n = 42) natural or synethetic interspecific hybrids between octoploid (2n = 56) F. chiloensis (L.) Duch. or F. virginiana Duch. both from California, and various Fragaria diploids (2n = 14). Their chromosome number was doubled with colchicine or through the naturally generated unreduced gametes. They were selfed repetitively, intercrossed, and open pollinated. Gametic viability of the hermaphroditic and female decaploid hybrids exceeded 50%. The hybrids exhibited heterosis for runner production and vegetative vigor. Fragaria chiloensis bred for large fruit and desirable fruit qualities, and, in combination with diploids F. vesca L. and F. viridis Duch., resulted in hybrids that produced a single early spring crop and prolific runner production throughout the summer. Fragaria virginiana L. derivatives were characterized by high pollen fertility, and by day neutrality (photo-insensitivity). Together, they may contribute genes for adaptation to various regions and climates of the world and for pest and disease resistance. The second and most important group of decaploids involved here were those derived from hybrids between day-neutral octoploid cultivars (F. x ananassa) crossed to F. vesca or F. viridis. This group of decaploids combined the genomes of the best octoploid cultivars with those of the above diploid species; facilitating the incorporation of genes responsible for high yield, day neutrality, and excellent fruit quality into the decaploid strawberries.

18. NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Breeding strawberries for Florida: accomplishments and goals.
Chandler, C. K.; Howard, C. M.; Albregts, E. E. Proc-Annu-Meet-Fla-State-Hortic-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society. 1988 (pub. May 1989). v. 101 p. 380-382.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; breeding-programs; clones-; cultivars-; disease-resistance; susceptibility-; colletotrichum-; fungus-control; florida-

19. NAL Call No.: 1.98-AG84
Building a better strawberry.
Stanley, D. Agric-Res-U-S-Dep-Agric-Res-Serv v.39(9): p.24-25. (1991 Sept.)

Descriptors: fragaria-; ellagic-acid; plant-breeding; disease-resistance; fruiting-potential; colletotrichum-acutatum; fungal-diseases; maryland-

20. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Caution required in distribution of plants of red stele (Phytophthora fragariae Hickman)-resistant strawberries.
Khanizadeh, S.; Buszard, D. HortScience v.27(8): p.870-871. (1992 Aug.)

Letter to the Editor.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; infections-; phytophthora-fragariae; disease-resistance; genetic-resistance; opinions-; disease-prevention; germfree-state

21. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
'Cavendish' strawberry.
Jamieson, A. R.; Sanford, K. A.; Nickerson, N. L. HortScience v.26(12): p.1561-1563. (1991 Dec.)
includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; plant-breeding; fruit-; crop-quality; organoleptic-traits; agronomic-characteristics; disease-resistance; phytophthora-fragariae; pedigree-; fruit-breeding

22. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Cell count and size in relation to fruit size among strawberry cultivars.
Cheng, G. W.; Breen, P. J. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.117(6): p.946-950. (1992 Nov.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; cell-division; size-; cell-growth; plant-anatomy; growth-stages; cultivars-; genetic-variation; seeds-; quantitative- analysis

Abstract: Fruit size, number of receptacle cells, and mean cell size were determined throughout development of secondary fruit of three day-neutral strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivars grown in a greenhouse. Cells were counted after enzymatic separation of receptacle tissue, and mean cell volume was estimated from cell count and receptacle tissue volume. Size of mature fruit was small (3.8 g) in 'Tillikum', medium (11.5 g) in 'Tristar', and large (15.6 g) in 'Selva'. Fruit size was correlated with the number of achenes per berry. Mature fruit of 'Tillikum' had a lower fruit fresh weight per achene and lower achene population density (achenes per square centimeter) than the larger-fruited cultivars. The average number of cells per mature fruit was 0.72 X 10(6), 1.96 X 10(6), and 2.94 X 10(6) for 'Tillikam', 'Tristar', and 'Selva', respectively. The relative difference among cultivars in the number of receptacle cells was established by the time of anthesis. In all cultivars, cell division was exponential for 10 days following anthesis and ceased by the 15th day. Mean cell volume increased slowly during active cell division, but rose rapidly and linearly for 10 days after cell division halted. Mean cell volume of all cultivars increased > 12-fold after anthesis and was approximately 6 X 10(6) micrometers(3) in mature fruit. The genotypic variation in the size of mature fruit was not the result of large differences in either duration of cell division after anthesis or mean cell volume, but rather was primarily due to differences in the number of receptacle cells established by anthesis.

23. NAL Call No.: 450-P693
Changes in gene expression during strawberry fruit ripening and their regulation by auxin.
Manning, K. Planta v.194(1): p.62-68. (1994)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; gene-expression; messenger-rna; genetic-regulation; naa-; fruits-; ripening-; polypeptides-; plant-proteins

Abstract: Changes in messenger RNA during the development of the strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.), a non-climacteric fruit, were analysed by extracting total RNA and separating the in-vitro translated products by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Alterations in numerous messenger RNAs accompanied fruit development between the immature green stage and the overripe stage, with prominent changes detected at or before the onset of ripening. A number of messenger RNAs undetectable in immature green fruit increased as the fruit matured and ripened. Others showed a marked decrease in advance of the ripening phase. A further group of messenger RNAs was prominent in immature and ripe fruit but absent just prior to the turning stage. Removing the achenes from a segment of the fruit accelerated anthocyanin accumulation in the de-achened portion and produced a pattern of translated polypeptides similar to normal ripe fruit. Application of the synthetic auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid to the de-achened receptacle produced a translation pattern similar to that in mature green fruit. These findings indicate that ripening in strawberry is associated with the expression of specific genes.

24. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Changes in strawberry leaf flavonoid pigment composition: an indicator of plant dormancy status.
Maas, J. L.; Griesbach, R. J.; Galletta, G. J. Adv-Strawberry-Prod. [S.l.] : North American Strawberry Growers Association. 1990. v. 9 p. 28-30.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fragaria-moschata; plant-composition; chemical-composition; leaves-; flavonoids-; autumn-; dormancy-; seasonal- variation; cultivars-; varietal-reactions

25. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Characterization and geographical distribution of a new ilarvirus from Fragaria chiloensis.
Speigel, S.; Martin, R. R.; Leggett, F.; Borg, M. t.; Postman, J. Phytopathology v.83(9): p.991-995. (1993 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-chiloensis; ilarvirus-group; disease-transmission; geographical-distribution; new-geographic-records; purification-; serology-; epidemiology-; chile-; usa-; fragaria-chiloensis-ilarvirus

Abstract: A previously undescribed virus, a new member of the ilarvirus group, was isolated from wild Fragaria chiloensis plants collected in Chile and imported into the United States during 1990 and 1992. The virus, for which the name fragaria chiloensis ilarvirus (FCIV) is proposed, was detected during the postquarantine period in eight symptomless accessions collected in different locations in Chile. FCIV was transmitted mechanically to Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, and Cucumis sativus but not to other herbaceous plants tested and was also transmitted through seeds collected from naturally infected F. chiloensis plants. FCIV particles, purified from inoculated C. quinoa, were quasi-isometric with a diameter of 21.4 nm, and bacilliform particles to 54.5 nm in length, containing a single polypeptide with relative molecular mass (Mr) of 28,000 and four RNA molecules of 3,700, 2,700, 2,600, and 1,200 bases, respectively. A polyclonal and a monoclonal antiserum to FCIV were produced. FCIV was related serologically to the ilarviruses asparagus virus II and lilac ring mottle in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent but not in immunosorbent electron microscopy assays. Based on tests with F. chiloensis accessions collected in the wild in Chile and along the Pacific coast of the United States and Canada, FCIV seems to be geographically limited to Chile.

26. NAL Call No.: QK745.P56
Characterization of ethylene production in developing strawberry fruit.
Perkins Veazie, P. M.; Huber, D. J.; Brecht, J. K. Plant-growth-regul v.17(1): p.33-39. (1995 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; ripening-; ethylene-production; developmental-stages; acc-; oxidoreductases-; enzyme-activity; in-vitro-culture; culture-media; sucrose-; plant-composition; silver-thiosulfate

Abstract: Ethylene production, ACC content, and ACC oxidase activity were determined in strawberry fruit harvested at different stages of development and in fruit harvested green and developed in vitro in solutions containing sucrose. In fruit harvested at progressive stages of development from green through full ripe, ethylene production and ACC oxidase activity decreased whereas ACC content increased between the white and pink stages. Fruit detached at the green stage and developed to full ripe by immersion of the cut pedicel in sucrose solutions exhibited an increase in ACC content, decreased ethylene production, and no change in ACC oxidase activity. Detached green fruit provided with sucrose containing 0.5 mM silver (STS) had elevated ethylene production and more ACC oxidase activity than did fruit incubated without the silver salt. Green fruit provided with sucrose containing 1 mM ACC showed markedly increased ACC content, ACC oxidase activity, and ethylene production. These increases were noted following 4 days incubation in ACC, and were more pronounced after 11 days, at which time fruit of all treatments had attained a full-ripe stage of development. Calyx tissue exhibited more ACC oxidase activity, less ACC content, and similar ethylene production compared with receptacle tissue. ACC synthase could not be detected in fruit harvested at different developmental stages or in fruit detached and developed in vitro.

27. NAL Call No.: QH540.N3
Chitinase expression in strawberry root colonized by Azospirillum brasilense and V.A. mycorrhiza.
Bellone, C. H.; Bellone, S. C. de.; Pedraza, R. O. NATO-ASI-ser,-Ser-G:-Ecol-sci. Berlin, [East Germany] ; New York, [N.Y.] : Springer-Verlag, 1983-. 1995. v. 37 p. 161-165.

In the series analytic: Azospirillum VI and related microorganisms: Genetics, Physiology, Ecology / edited by I. Fendrik, M. del Gallo, J. Vanderleyden and M. de Zamaroczy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; glomus-intraradices; azospirillum-brasilense; roots-; colonization-; vesicular-arbuscular-mycorrhizas; chitinase-; enzyme-activity; root-inoculation; nitrogenase-; glomus-intradix

28. NAL Call No.: 80-F9464
A cold storage of strawberries in vitro: a comparison of three storage systems.
Reed, B. M. Fruit-Var-J v.46(2): p.98-102. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; germplasm-; cold-storage; storage-life; contamination-; plant-pathogens

29. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Collection and evaluation of Fragaria virginiana in North America.
Luby, J. J.; Stahler, M. M. Acta-hortic (345): p.49-53. (1993 June)

Paper presented at the "Session on Small Fruits at the 23rd International Horticultural Conference," August 27-September 1, 1990, Florence, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-virginiana; germplasm-; genetic-resources; plant-collections; canada-; usa-

30. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Collection of native strawberry germplasm in the Pacific Northwest and northern Rocky Mountains of the United States.
Luby, J. J.; Hancock, J. F. Jr.; Ballington, J. R. HortScience v.27(1): p.12-17. (1992 Jan.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; germplasm-; wild-plants; plant-collections; washington-; oregon-; idaho-; montana-; wyoming-; north-dakota; south-dakota

31. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Colonization of roots of strawberry cultivars with different levels of susceptibility to Phytophthora fragariae.
Milholland, R. D.; Daykin, M. E. Phytopathology v.83(5): p.538-542. (1993 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; phytophthora-fragariae; plant-pathogenic-fungi; roots-; infectivity-; pathogenesis-; susceptibility-; cultivars-; disease- resistance; plant-anatomy; histology-; sporulation-

Abstract: Roots of strawberry cultivars Tennessee Beauty (susceptible), Surecrop (partially resistant), and Climax (highly resistant) were examined microscopically at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days after inoculation with Phytophthora fragariae race Pf-2. Cultivar Climax had no infection hyphae or reproductive organs of P. fragariae at any time period or distance from the root tip. Cultivar Surecrop roots were colonized at a slower rate ? and had fewer reproductive organs than had Tennessee Beauty. The lack of sporangial production (secondary inoculum) on Surecrop substantiates previous findings of few or no sporangia produced on Surecrop roots 14 days after inoculation with P. fragariae race Pf-2. Restriction or reduction in sporangial production may be a component of partial resistance to P. fragariae.

32. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Color change in fresh strawberry fruit of seven genotypes stored at 0C.
Sacks, E. J.; Douglas, V. S. HortScience v.28(3): p.209-210. (1993 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; genotypes-; cold-storage; fruit-; color-; change-

Abstract: Color change in fresh, ripe strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) fruit stored at 0C for up to 7 days was recorded using the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage color space L*, a*, and b*). External (skin) fruit color became darker and less chromatic but did not change hue. Internal (flesh) fruit color became darker and more chromatic. Regression coefficients calculated for individual genotypes were homogeneous for each of the color traits except internal hue. Depending on genotype, the red fruit flesh either became a bluer red or did not change hue. In all cases, rates of change were small. Color change for fresh strawberry fruit during several days of storage at 0C likely is not an appreciable source of error in plant breeding experiments.

33. NAL Call No.: S544.3.A2C47
Commercial strawberry production.
Himelrick, D. G.; Powell, A. A. Circ-ANR. [Auburn] Ala. : Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn University,. Oct 1992. (633) 26 p.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; markets-; marketing-; plant-anatomy; types-; soil-types; irrigation-; planting-; fertilizers-; cultivars-; mulching-; harvesting-; weed-control

34. NAL Call No.: SB952.B75I57-1995
Comparative performance of different strawberry cultivars with and without methyl bromide fumigation in field soil naturally infested by Phytophthora spp. and Verticillium sp. and feasibility of using resistance of strawberry cultivars as an alternative to methyl bromide soil fumigation.
Mircetich, J. S. M.; Winterbottom, C. Q.; Wakeman, R. J.; Galper, L.; Gargiulo, N. T.; Welch, N.; Gubler, W. D. 1995 annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions / International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions p.31-1-31/5. (1995)

Meeting held on November 6-8, 1995, San Diego, California.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; verticillium-dahliae; phytophthora-; genetic-resistance; root-rots; methyl-bromide; chloropicrin-; pesticide- mixtures; fumigation-; preplanting-treatment; crop-yield; yield-losses; disease-prevalence; commercial-farming; profitability-; california-

35. NAL Call No.: 442.8-Z8
Comparison of ancestral and current-generation inbreeding in an experimental strawberry breeding population.
Shaw, D. V. Theor-appl-genet v.90(2): p.237-241. (1995 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; inbreeding-; inbreeding-depression; selection-responses; progeny-; plant-breeding; pedigree-inbreeding-coefficients; inbreeding-rate

Abstract: Progenies from first-generation self, half-sib, full-sib, and cross fertilizations were generated to evaluate the magnitude of inbreeding depression for vegetative and production traits in strawberry. Tests were conducted to determine the linearity of trait mean depression with inbreeding rate (delta F) over this range of inbreeding values, as an indication of the presence of non-additive epistasis. A control population, for which a similar range of coancestry had accumulated over several cycles of breeding and selection, was also generated to compare the consequences of ancestral and current-generation inbreeding. Trait means for crosses among current-generation half-sibs, full-sibs, and selfs were 2-17%, 3-12%, and 14-45% lower than for unrelated crosses among the same set of parents, respectively. Linear regression of progeny means on current-generation delta F was significantly negative for all traits and explained 17-44% of the variance among progeny means. Mean depression was largely linear over the range of inbreeding rates tested in this population, indicating the absence of epistasis for the traits evaluated. Conversely regressions of progeny means on pedigree inbreeding coefficients (F), where coancestry had accumulated over several cycles of breeding and selection, were uniformly nonsignificant and explained 0-10% of the variance among cross means. Further, multiple regression of progeny means for current-generation relatives on pedigree F failed to improve fit significantly over regression on current- generation delta F alone for all traits. Together, these results suggest that pedigree inbreeding coefficients are poor predictors of changes in. depression will be of minor importance for strawberry breeding populations managed with adequate population sizes and strong directional selection.

36. NAL Call No.: 442.8-Z8
A comparison of methods for the estimation of genetic diversity in strawberry cultivars.
Graham, J.; McNicol, R. J.; McNicol, J. W. Theor-appl-genet. Berlin; Springer-Verlag. Aug 1996. v. 93 (3) p. 402-406.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; genetic-diversity; genetic-markers; estimation-; random-amplified-polymorphic-dna; cultivars-; breeding-programs; pedigree-; usa-; uk-; netherlands-

Abstract: RAPD markers were used to examine the genetic relatedness of eight strawberry cultivars released from four breeding programmes around the world. Ten random primers successfully amplified DNA fragments from each cultivar and specific fingerprints were generated from the molecular marker data. The cultivars were traced back to founding clones and the relationships between the cultivars were examined from both the molecular and the pedigree data.

37. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
A comparison of staining techniques for somatic chromosomes of strawberry.
Owen, H. R.; Miller, A. R. HortScience v.28(2): p.155-156. (1993 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; chromosomes-; staining-; stains-; root-tips; cells-; ploidy-; chromosome-number

Abstract: A factorial combination of pretreatments, fixatives, and stains was examined to identify the best available method for staining the chromosomes of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch. 'Chandler') root-tip cells. Three pretreatments (alpha-bromonaphthalene, p- dichlorobenzene, and 8-hydroxyquinoline), three fixatives (Farmer's fluid, Carnoy's fluid, and Newcomer's fluid), and five stains (acetocarmine, alcoholic hydrochloric-acid carmine, altered carbol fuchsin, lacto-propionic orcein, and leucobasic fuchsin) were tested. Pretreatment with either alpha-bromonaphthalene (saturated aqueous) or 8-hydroxyquinoline (2 mM) for 5 hours at 14 degrees C, overnight fixation in Farmer's fluid, hydrolysis in 1 N HCl (15 minutes at 60 degrees C), and staining with altered carbol fuchsin produced chromosome preparations superior to other treatment combinations. Treatment with alpha-bromonaphthalene, Farmer's fluid, and alcoholic hydrochloric-acid carmine (2 days at 25 degrees C) also produced acceptable chromosome preparations.

38. NAL Call No.: 450-C16
Cross-pollination and production of four cultivars of strawberry, Fragaria X ananassa. Pollinisation croisee et production de quatre cultivars de fraisier, Fragaria X ananassa.
Colbert, S.; Oliveira, D. d. Can-J-Plant-Sci-Rev-Can-Phytotech v.72(3): p.857-861. (1992 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cross-pollination; cultivars-; crop-production; strawberries-; weight-; quebec-

39. NAL Call No.: SB354.J48
Cryoprotectants prove ineffective for frost protection on strawberries.
Goulart, B. L.; Demchak, K. J-small-fruit-vitic v.2(3): p.45-51. (1994)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; frost-injury; varietal-reactions; cryoprotectants-; frost-protection; crop-damage; flowers-; crop-yield; fruits-; size-; pennsylvania-

40. NAL Call No.: 286.8-N488
Custom-designed bacteria released in outdoor test.
N-Y-Times. [New York, N.Y. : H.J. Raymond & Co.]. Apr 26, 1987. p. E8.

Descriptors: fragaria-vesca; pseudomonas-syringae; pseudomonas-fluorescens; field-tests; public-opinion; california-; advanced-genetic-sciences; foundation-on-economic-trends

41. NAL Call No.: SB123.P55
Dedication: Arlen D. Draper: blueberry wizard.
Hancock, J. F.; Galletta, G. J. Plant-breed-rev. New York, N.Y. : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1995. v. 13 p. 1-10.
Includes a list of his publications.

Descriptors: vaccination-; hybridization-; biographies-; usda-; cultivars-; rubus-fruticosus; fragaria-ananassa; plant-breeding; usa-

42. NAL Call No.: SB123.P55
Dedication: Royce S. Bringhurst--pre-eminent strawberry breeder.
Hancock, J. F. Plant-breed-rev. New York, N.Y. : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1992. v. 9 p. 1-8.
Includes list of his publications.

Descriptors: biographies-; plant-breeding; strawberries-; scientists-; cultivars-; genetics-; usa-

43. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Defoliation of strawberry transplants for fruit production in Florida.
Albregts, E. E.; Howard, C. M.; Chandler, C. K. HortScience v.27(8): p.889-891. (1992 Aug.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; transplanting-; defoliation-; growth-rate; fruiting-; crop-yield; fruits-; florida-

Abstract: Florida-developed strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) clones or varieties grown in Florida nurseries and California-developed varieties grown in Canadian nurseries were evaluated in fruiting studies in Florida during four seasons. Transplants were defoliated so that 0%, 35%, 60%, or 87% of the foliage was removed. The Florida clones 'Dover' and selection 79-1126 gave significant linear and/or quadratic early and total marketable yield responses to defoliation treatments for all seasons. The Canadian-grown clones 'Chandler' and 'Selva' gave similar responses during three seasons, but differences were not as great as for the Florida-grown clones. Many significant linear and quadratic responses in seasonal average fruit weight and plant size occurred for Florida-grown plants, but only one occurred with the Canadian-grown plants. Relative plant size at early and midseason decreased with greater defoliation.

44. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Detection of potato leafroll and strawberry mild yellow-edge luteoviruses by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification.
Hadidi, A.; Goth, R. W.; Converse, R. H.; Madkour, M. A.; Skrzeckowski, L. J. Plant-Dis v.77(6): p.595-601. (1993 June)
Includes references.

Descriptors: potato-leaf-roll-luteovirus; luteovirus-group; detection-; polymerase-chain-reaction; transcription-; coat-proteins; genes-

45. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Development of Fragaria germplasm in Canada.
Dale, A.; Daubeny, H. A.; Luffman, M.; Sullivan, J. A. Acta-hortic (348): p.75-80. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-chiloensis; fragaria-virginiana; fragaria-ananassa; plant-breeding; germplasm-; interspecific-hybridization; backcrossing-; ontario-; british-columbia

46. NAL Call No.: QK600.M82
Differentiation of Colletotrichum species responsible for anthracnose of strawberry by arbitrarily primed PCR.
Freeman, S.; Rodriguez, R. J. Mycol-res v.99(pt.4): p.501-504. (1995 Apr.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: colletotrichum-acutatum; glomerella-cingulata; genotypes-; polymerase-chain-reaction; identification-; chemotaxonomy-; fungal-diseases; strain-differences; species-differences

47. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Disease-free plants for management of strawberry anthracnose crown rot.
McInnes, T. B.; Black, L. L.; Gatti, J. M. Jr. Plant-Dis v.76(3): p.260-264. (1992 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; glomerella-cingulata; plant-pathogenic-fungi; disease-resistance; plant-breeding; rootstock-; crop-production; crop- management; tissue-culture; regenerative-ability; cultivars-; louisiana-

48. NAL Call No.: SB599.P45
DNA sequence variation and interrelationships among Colletotrichum species causing strawberry anthracnose.
Sreenivasaprasad, S.; Brown, A. E.; Mills, P. R. Physiol-Mol-Plant-Pathol v.41(4): p.265-281. (1992 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-pathogenic-fungi; glomerella-cingulata; colletotrichum-acutatum; genetic-variation; genetic-polymorphism; mitochondrial-dna; ribosomal-dna; nucleotide-sequences; heterogeneity-; host-range; molecular-sequence-data; sequence-homology

Abstract: Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of isolates of the strawberry anthracnose pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides were analysed using rDNA from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and mtDNA extracted from C. acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides as probes. These analyses revealed considerable heterogeneity within C. acutatum from diverse hosts. The European strawberry isolates formed a discrete group while the American strawberry isolates fell into a broad group which included isolates from other hosts. No polymorphisms in either rDNA or mtDNA were observed among C. gloeosporioides isolates from strawberry. C. fragariae isolates divided into two groups with distinct rDNA and mtDNA patterns. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis grouped isolates in a similar manner to the mtDNA RFLP analysis. From sequencing data, the internally transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 region of the rDNA repeat unit of C. gloeosporioides, C. fragariae and C. acutatum was shown to be 171, 171 or 172 and 180 or 181 bases, respectively. C. gloeosporioides and C. fragariae differed from one another by only three to seven bases compared with C. acutatum which differed from C. gloeosporioides and C. fragariae by approx. 36-37 bases. ITS 1 data for C. acutatum generally support RFLP and RAPD taxonomies; differences of eight-eleven bases between European strawberry isolates and all other isolates studied being the greatest.

49. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Dr. George Darrow: legacy and foundation for tomorrow's strawberries.
Fusonie, A. E. Adv-Strawberry-Prod. [S.l.] : North American Strawberry Growers Association. 1990. v. 9 p. 44-47.

Descriptors: botanists-; biographies-; plant-breeding; fragaria-

50. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Eco-physiological studies in the analysis of dormancy in strawberry.
Aspuria, J. R.; Fujime, Y. Acta-hortic (395): p.97-104. (1995 Mar.)

Paper presented at the XXIVth International Horticultural Congress, "Dormancy and the Related Problems of Deciduous Fruit Trees," August 21-27, 1994, Kyoto, Japan.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; plant-development; dormancy-; dormancy-breaking; roots-; shoots-; leaves-; petioles-; length-; weight-; environmental-factors; top-root-ratio-index

51. NAL Call No.: SB925.B5
Effect of potting media on the control of Otiorhynchus sulcatus larvae on outdoor strawberry plants using the entomogenous fungus Metarhizium anisopliae.
Moorhouse, E. R.; Gillespie, A. T.; Charnley, A. K. Biol-Control v.2(3): p.238-243. (1992 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; otiorhynchus-sulcatus; metarhizium-anisopliae; strains-; growing-media; biological-control

52. NAL Call No.: SB317.5.A6
Effect of pre-plant defoliation on three strawberry cultivars in the South Western Cape.
Human, J. P.; Acker, J. H. Appl-Plant-Sci-Toegepaste-Plantwetenskap v.5(1): p.10-13. (1991)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; crop-yield; defoliation-; strawberries-; size-; south-africa; selekta-cultivar; tiobelle-cultivar; tioga-cultivar

53. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Effect of substrate and cultivar on earliness, plant productivity, and fruit quality of strawberry.
Anagnostou, K.; Vasilakakis, M. D. Acta-hortic (379): p.267-274. (1995 June)

Paper presented at the International Symposium on Quality of Fruit and Vegetables: Influence of Pre- and Post-Harvest Factors and Technology, September 20-24, 1993, Chania, Greece.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; crop-production; substrates-; perlite-; peat-; mixtures-; light-intensity; earliness-; harvesting-date; crop-quality; strawberries-; food-quality; food-composition; firmness-; greenhouse-culture; soilless-culture

54. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Effect of temperature, duration of cold storage and packaging on postharvest quality of strawberry fruit.
Paraskevopoulou Paroussi, G.; Vassilakakis, M.; Dogras, C. Acta-hortic (379): p.337-344. (1995 June)

Paper presented at the International Symposium on Quality of Fruit and Vegetables: Influence of Pre- and Post-Harvest Factors and Technology, September 20-24, 1993, Chania, Greece.

Descriptors: strawberries-; cultivars-; cold-storage; duration-; temperature-; packaging-; postharvest-treatment; storage-life; food-quality; food- composition

55. NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Effect of transplant chilling and planting date on fruiting response of 4 strawberry clones.
Albregts, E. E.; Chandler, C. K. Proc-annu-meet-Fla-State-Hort-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society,. June 1995. v. 107 p. 323-325.

Meeting held October 30-November 1, 1994, Orlando, Florida.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; chilling-requirement; planting-date; transplanting-; container-grown-plants; fruiting-; crop-yield; crop-quality; fruits-; florida-

56. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Effects of chilling and growth regulators on runner production of three strawberry cultivars under tropical conditions.
Kahangi, E. M.; Fujime, Y.; Nakamura, E. J-Hortic-Sci. Ashford : Headley Brothers Ltd. May 1992. v 67 (3) p. 381-384.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; runners-; growth-; chilling-; gibberellic-acid; benzyladenine-; seasonal-variation; temperature-; tropical- climate; kenya-

57. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Effects of cultivar and environmental interactions of runner production, fruit yield, and harvest timing of strawberry (Fragaria X Ananassa) in Zimbabwe.
Rice, R. P. Jr. Acta-Hortic. Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science. Dec 1990. v. 279 p. 327-332.

Paper presented at the "Third International Workshop on Temperate Zone Fruits in the Tropics and Subtropics," December 12-16, 1988, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; growth-rate; cultivars-; genotype-environment-interaction; chilling-requirement; harvesting-date; timing-; cultural- methods; zimbabwe-

58. NAL Call No.: SB354.J48
Ellagic acid content in small fruits, mayhaws, and other plants.
Wang, S. Y.; Maas, J. L.; Payne, J. A.; Galletta, G. J. J-small-fruit-vitic v.2(4): p.39-49. (1994)
Includes references.

Descriptors: small-fruits; crataegus-; duchesnea-indica; fragaria-; ribes-nigrum; rubus-; vaccinium-macrocarpon; plant-composition; ellagic-acid; cultivars-; seasonal-variation; genetic-variation; antineoplastic-agents; medicinal-plants; rubus-subgenus-eubatus; rubus-subgenus-idaeobatus

59. NAL Call No.: 1.98-Ag84
Elusive bacteria pinpointed with DNA tests.
Stanley, D. Agric-res v.44(6): p.9. (1996 June)

Descriptors: citrus-; fragaria-; xanthomonas-fragariae; xylella-fastidiosa; bacterial-diseases; diagnostic-techniques; identification-; dna-; genetic- analysis; agricultural-research

60. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Enhanced strawberry seed germination through in vitro culture of cut achenes.
Miller, A. R.; Scheerens, J. C.; Erb, P. S.; Chandler, C. K. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.117(2): p.313-316. (1992 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; hybrids-; tissue-culture; techniques-; seeds-; cutting-; seed-germination; seedlings-; production-

Abstract: A tissue culture protocol was developed that increased the germination percentage and decreased the lag time to germination for strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) achenes. This technique involved cutting surface-sterilized achenes across the embryo aids then placing the shoot apex/radicle-containing sections on semisolid Murashige and Skoog medium lacking hormones. Cut achenes began germinating 5 days after culture and achieved maximum germination (97% to 100%) in less than 2 weeks, compared to whole achenes, which began to germinate 7 to 10 days after sowing and required more than 7 weeks for maximum germination (< 50%). Enhanced germination of cut achenes was a general phenomenon since achenes from 231 hybrid crosses responded similarly. Following placement on culture medium, cut achenes could be stored up to 8 weeks at 4C then removed to 27C, where germination and seedling development occurred at percentages and rates comparable to freshly cut achenes. Achenes did not require stratification before cutting to exhibit increased germination. Nearly 100% of the achenes from freshly harvested red-ripe, pink and white strawberries germinated after cutting and culture, although cut achenes from white and pink berries germinated more slowly than those from red-ripe berries. Achenes from green berries, whether whole or cut, did not germinate. This method of "embryo rescue" could be used to generate more seedlings from poorly germinating hybrid crosses, would considerably decrease the time from sowing to seedling production compared to traditional means, and would produce seedlings of uniform age for subsequent field evaluation.

61. NAL Call No.: 80-F9464
Evaluation of advanced strawberry selection in Quebec.
Khanizadeh, S.; Lareau, M.; Buszard, D. Fruit-Var-J v.46(1): p.53-57. (1992 Jan.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; evaluation-; selection-criteria; quebec-

62. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Evaluation of new Spanish cultivars of strawberry in Huelva, southwestern Spain.
Lopez Aranda, J. M.; Lopez Montero, R.; Chaves, M.; Alvarez, A.; Bartual, R. Acta-hortic (348): p.213-218. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; crop-production; crop-yield; cultivars-; earliness-; crop-quality; plastic-tunnels; genotype-environment-interaction; spain-

63. NAL Call No.: 450-C16
Evaluation of row covers for overwintering of strawberries under prairie conditions.
Turner, J. M.; Stushnoff, C.; Tanino, K. K. Can-J-Plant-Sci-Rev-Can-Phytotech v.72(3): p.871-874. (1992 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; crop-yield; cultivars-; covers-; mulches-; overwintering-; polyethylene-film; rowcrops-; survival-; saskatchewan-

64. NAL Call No.: S587.T47
Evaluation of some potential pollen donors for strawbery cv. Pandora.
Watters, B. S.; Sturgeon, S. R. Tests-Agrochem-Cult (13): p.128-129. (1992 May)

Supplement to Annals of applied biology, volume 120.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; cross-pollination; pollen-; enumeration-; viability-; flowering-; seasonal-variation

65. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Evaluation of strawberry cultivars for frozen sugar pack.
Wang, S. L.; Dale, A. Adv-Strawberry-Prod. [S.l.] : North American Strawberry Growers Association. 1990. v. 9 p. 31-32.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; strawberries-; screening-; variety-trials; crop-quality; food-processing-quality; freezing-; sensory-evaluation

66. NAL Call No.: 80-F9464
Evaluation of strawberry cultivars with different degrees of resistance to red stele.
Khanizadeh, S.; Buszard, D.; Lareau, M. J.; Pelletier, R. Fruit-Var-J v.45(1): p.12-17. (1991 Jan.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; varietal-resistance; phytophthora-fragariae; quebec-

67. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Evidence of a toxin in culture filtrate of Phytophthora fragariae.
Rowland, L. J.; Chartisathian, J.; Maas, J. L.; Galletta, G. J. Acta-hortic (336): p.115-120. (1993 Apr.)

Paper presented at the Second International Symposium on "In Vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding," June 28-July 2, 1992, Baltimore, Maryland.

Descriptors: phytophthora-fragariae; culture-filtrates; fragaria-ananassa; screening-; disease-resistance; explants-; variety-trials

68. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Exploration, collection and evaluation of Chilean Fragaria: sumary of 1990 and 1992 expeditions.
Cameron, J. S.; Sjulin, T. M.; Ballington, J. R.; Shanks, C. H. Jr.; Munoz, C. E.; Lavin, A. Acta-hortic (348): p.65-74. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-; germplasm-; wild-plants; collection-; genetic-resources; chile-

69. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Field performance of some new American and Polish strawberry cultivars grown in Poland.
Cieslinski, G.; Klimczak, A.; Smolarz, K. Acta-hortic (348): p.171-176. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; crop-yield; crop-quality; ripening-; maturation-; fungal-diseases; botrytis-cinerea; poland-; usa-

70. NAL Call No.: 80-F9464
Field reactions of strawberry cultivars and selections to anthracnose fruit rot, leather rot and gray mold in Arkansas.
Olcott Reid, B.; Moore, J. N. Fruit-var-j. University Park, Pa., American Pomological Society. Jan 1995. v. 49 (1) p. 4-13.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; varietal-susceptibility; pest-resistance; glomerella-cingulata; botrytis-cinerea; phytophthora-cactorum; plant- pathogenic-fungi; fungal-diseases; fungus-control; plant-disease-control; arkansas-

71. NAL Call No.: 80-F9464
Field resistance of 20 strawberry cultivars to black root rot.
Wing, K. B.; Pritts, M. P.; Wilcox, W. F. Fruit-var-j. University Park, Pa., American Pomological Society. Apr 1995. v. 49 (2) p. 94-98.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; root-rots; disease-resistance; site-factors; plant-pathogenic-fungi

72. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Forcing of 18 strawberry cv. related to two cold storage periods.
Nestby, R. Acta-Hortic (265): p.393-398. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; evaluation-; forcing-; performance-; greenhouse-culture; plants-; cold-storage; yield-response-functions; earliness-; crop-quality; chilling-requirement; phenology-; controlled-conditions-growing; chilling-period

73. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Fragaria germplasm at the Canadian Clonal Genebank.
Luffman, M.; Macdonald, P. J. Acta-hortic (348): p.102-108. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-chiloensis; fragaria-ananassa; fragaria-vesca; fragaria-virginiana; gene-banks; germplasm-; cultivars-; fruits-; weight-; fungal- diseases; british-columbia; vancouver-island

74. NAL Call No.: 450-R34
Fragaria multicipita, reduced to the rank of forma.
Catling, P. M.; Cayouette, J.; Postman, J. Rhodora v.97(891): p.245-254. (1995 Summer)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; fragaria-chiloensis; fragaria-virginiana; geographical-distribution; new-combination; plant-morphology; taxonomy-; chromosome-number; mycoplasma-like-organisms; pathogenicity-; symptoms-; quebec-; gragaria-virginiana-ssp; -glauca-f; -multicipita

75. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Fragentalus X dalhancockianus gen. & sp. nov.--shrubby Macintoshapple strawberry.
Grower, I. G.; Search, R. E. Acta-hortic (348): p.142-145. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; malus-pumila; potentilla-fruticosa; plant-breeding; intergeneric-hybridization; hybrids-; new-genus; new-species; rosaceae-; trigeneric-hybrids

76. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
From research to fruit: the French strawberry organization.
Risser, G.; Navatel, J. C.; Roudeillac, P. Acta-Hortic (265): p.733-734. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; breeding-programs; cultivars-; planting-stock; certification-; cultivation-; techniques-; research-; france-

77. NAL Call No.: 80-F9464
Fruit firmness, calyx and neck ratings correlated with field fruit rot reactions of nine strawberry cultivars.
Olcott Reid, B.; Moore, J. N. Fruit-var-j. University Park, Pa., American Pomological Society. Jan 1995. v. 49 (1) p. 14-19.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; fruits-; crop-quality; plant-pathogenic-fungi; fungal-diseases; harvesting-date

78. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Fungicidal control of Red Stele in strawberry cultivars differing in resistance to the disease.
Kennedy, D. M.; Duncan, J. M. Adv-Strawberry-Prod. [S.l.] : North American Strawberry Growers Association. 1990. v. 9 p. 25-27.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; varietal-susceptibility; disease-resistance; phytophthora-fragariae; plant-disease-control; chemical-control; metalaxyl-; copper-oxychloride; fosetyl-; mixtures-; genetic-control; crop-yield; fruits-; vigor-

79. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Further characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase in strawberry callus.
Yurgalevitch, C. M.; Janes, H. W. Acta-Hortic (265): p.411-415. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; leaves-; explants-; culture-media; callus-; enzyme-activity; alcohol-dehydrogenase; molecular-weight

80. NAL Call No.: 442.8-Z8
Genetic correlations between vegetative growth traits and productivity at different within-season intervals for strawberries (Fragaria X ananassa).
Shaw, D. V. Theor-Appl-Genet v.85(8): p.1001-1009. (1993 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; heritability-; genotypes-; genetic-correlation; crop-yield; fruits-; vegetative-period; growth-; genotype-environment- interaction; seasonal-variation; autumn-; summer-; dry-matter-distribution; environmental-factors; inflorescences-; fruiting-; resource-partitioning

Abstract: Genetic and environmental relationships between vegetative growth and production traits at different intervals within a single season were investigated using unselected strawberry genotypes from 20 biparental crosses and their parents. Vegetative growth and productivity patterns differed between test locations and larger yields were detected where fall growth was greatest. Positive genetic correlations were detected between fall growth increments and mid-season production traits, but fall growth was uncorrelated or negatively correlated with late-season production. Conversely, growth during the production season was genetically uncorrelated or negatively correlated to early production traits, but was positively correlated to mid and late-season production. Together, these results suggest that the growth pattern required for early vs sustained production may represent conflicting breeding objectives. Also, although vegetative and reproductive functions compete for assimilates in strawberry, sustained productivity appears dependent on adequate vegetative growth throughout the spring and early summer. Significant correlations were detected between fall plant growth and early yield, but these were attributed to environmental rather than genetic sources. Genetic correlations between spring growth and early production traits were significantly negative and large, suggesting that vegetative during this interval may indicate limited fall inflorescence development.

81. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Genetic relationships and cross pathogenicities of Verticillium dahliae isolates from cauliflower and other crops.
Subbarao, K. V.; Chassot, A.; Gordon, T. R.; Hubbard, J. C.; Bonello, P.; Mullin, R.; Okamoto, D.; Davis, R. M.; Koike, S. T. Phytopathology v.85(10): p.1105-1112. (1995 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: cynara-scolymus; gossypium-hirsutum; capsicum-frutescens; pistacia-vera; solanum-tuberosum; fragaria-ananassa; lycopersicon- esculentum; host-parasite-relationships; infectivity-; pathogenicity-; pathotypes-; brassica-oleracea-var; -capitata; verticillium-dahliae; host- specificity; epidemiology-; host-range; rotations-; lactuca-sativa; brassica-chinensis; brassica-oleracea-var; -botrytis; brassica-oleracea-var; - gemmifera; brassica-pekinensis; raphanus-sativus; brassica-oleracea-var; -italica; growth-; temperature-; genetic-analysis; california-

Abstract: Morphologies, genetic relationships, and host specificities of Verticillium dahliae isolates from artichoke, cabbage, cauliflower, cotton, pepper, potato, strawberry, tomato, and watermelon were evaluated. Temperature optima for mycelial growth were evaluated at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees C. Depending on the isolate, temperature optimum was either 20 or 25 degrees C. The length and width of conidia in isolates from crucifer crops were significantly greater than the dimensions of conidia in other isolates. Isolates from artichoke, cabbage, cotton, pepper, potato, strawberry, tomato, and watermelon were tested for their pathogenicity on their host of origin, as well as on cauliflower. In addition, two V. dahliae isolates from cauliflower were tested for their pathogenicity on all the above crops, lettuce, and other crucifer crops such as bok choi, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, napa cabbage, radish, and rapini. All isolates caused wilt on cauliflower. The cauliflower isolates caused various degrees of wilt on all crops except lettuce, but their virulence depended on the host inoculated. Cauliflower isolates were highly virulent on other crucifer crops except broccoli and Brussels sprouts, on which they were only weakly virulent. None of the isolates tested were host specific. Seventeen isolates of V. dahliae from noncruciferous hosts were associated with one of two vegetative compatibility groups. Twelve V. dahliae isolates from cruciferous crops could not be assigned to a vegetative compatibility group because they did not produce nitrate nonutilizing mutants when cultured on chlorate-containing media. This observation may reflect diploidy in the cruciferous isolates, an interpretation which was supported by. rDNA, the V. dahliae isolates from cauliflower were unlike isolates from other hosts.

82. NAL Call No.: 500-AM322A
Genetic resources at our doorstep: the wild strawberries.
Hancock, J. F.; Luby, J. J. BioSci-Am-Inst-Biol-Sci v.43(3): p.141-147. (1993 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; wild-plants; crossing-; genetic-resources; germplasm-; geographical-distribution; history-; plant-breeding; species-

83. NAL Call No.: QK725.I43
Genetic transformation of strawberry: stable integration of a gene to control biosynthesis of ethylene.
Mathews, H.; Wagoner, W.; Kellogg, J.; Bestwick, R. In-vitro-cell-dev-biol,-Plant v.31(1): p.36-43. (1995 Jan.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; agrobacterium-tumefaciens; genetic-transformation; gene-transfer; structural-genes; hydrolases-; gene-expression; transgenic-plants; ethylene-production; explants-; shoots-; regeneration-; s-adenosylmethionine-hydrolase

84. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Genetic variation for objective and subjective measures of fresh fruit color in strawberries.
Shaw, D. V. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.116(5): p.894-898. (1991 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; color-; heritability-; genetic-correlation; factorial-analysis; seedlings-; crosses-; genotypes-; genetic-effects; phenotypes-; genotype-environment-interaction; genetic-variation; food-quality; subjective-evaluation; evaluation-; california-; objective-evaluation

85. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Germplasm evaluation for resistance to fungus-incited diseases.
Maas, J. L.; Galletta, G. J. Acta-Hortic (265): p.461-472. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; germplasm-; evaluation-; disease-resistance; fungal-diseases; phytophthora-fragariae; verticillium-; colletotrichum-; selection-criteria

86. NAL Call No.: 275.29-IO9PA
Growing strawberries at home.
Fear, C.; Taber, H. G.; Gleason, M.; Lewis, D. PM-Iowa-State-Univ-Coop-Ext-Serv. Ames, Iowa : The Service. May 1991. (717) 7 p.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; domestic-gardens; strawberries-; cultivation-; plant-disease-control; insect-control; mollusc-control; fungus- control; iowa-

87. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
High efficiency shoot regeneration from calluses of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) stipules of in vitro shoot cultures.
Rugini, E. J-Hortic-Sci v.67(4): p.577-582. (1992 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; stipules-; shoot-tip-culture; callus-; regenerative-ability; laboratory-methods; cultivars-; genetic-variation

88. NAL Call No.: SB317.5.A6
Historical review of strawberry breeding in South Africa.
Human, J. P.; Louw, J. H. Appl-Plant-Sci-Toegepaste-Plantwetenskap v.5(1): p.42-45. (1991)

Literature review.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; breeding-programs; crosses-; cultivars-; genetic-resources; germplasm-; plant-breeding; strain-; literature-reviews; south-africa

89. NAL Call No.: 421-J822
Host-pest relationships between the twospotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) and strawberry cultivars with differing levels of resistance.
Gimenez Ferrer, R. M.; Erb, W. A.; Bishop, B. L.; Scheerens, J. C. J-econ-entomol v.87(1): p.168-175. (1994 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; tetranychus-urticae; cultivars-; pest-resistance; population-density; qualitative-resistance

Abstract: A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the host-pest relationships of seven cultivars of strawberry, Fragaria spp., that differed in resistance to the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Plants were infested with a homogeneous density, of females per unit of leaf area. Mite population development and plant damage were monitored on a weekly basis for 6 wk on initially infested and subsequently colonized leaves. Cultivars differed in their support of mite populations and in sensitivity to mite damage from the second to the fifth week of the experiment. 'Floridabelle' showed antibiotic and antixenotic characteristics by supporting the lowest population density and showing lower damage values than other cultivars. 'Totem' demonstrated high levels of tolerance by withstanding higher populations than other cultivars with damage comparable to that of resistant clones. 'Canoga' and 'Profumata di Tortona' showed hypersensitive responses to relatively low populations. 'Rainier', which supported high populations and demonstrated high overall damage values, was susceptible. 'Chandler' and 'Selva' demonstrated resistance patterns which were intermediate. Resistance to the twospotted spider mite appears to be qualitative because it is conditioned by different mechanisms among cultivars.

90. NAL Call No.: 381-J8223
Identification and accumulation of 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose in developing strawberry fruit (Fragaria ananassa Duch. cv. Kent).
Latza, S.; Gansser, D.; Berger, R. G. J-agric-food-chem v.44(6): p.1367-1370. (1996 June)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; developmental-stages; flavor-; cinnamic-acid; glycosides-; coumaric-acids; chemical-composition; isolation-; assays-; spectral-data; flowering-; glucoconjugate-

Abstract: Strawberry fruit (Fragaria ananassa Duch. cv. Kent) were discovered as the first food source of 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D- glucopyranose. Isolation was performed by preparative HPLC of a solid phase desorbate. Identification was carried out by comparing chromatographic properties, NMR spectroscopy data, and specific beta-glucosidic cleavage. The accumulation was monitored by HPLC. A sharp rise of the concentration of 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose was observed 21 days after anthesis and was related to general phenylpropanoid metabolism. 1-O-trans-Cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose is discussed as a metabolic link between phenylalanine ammonia- lyase-mediated cinnamic acid and 1-O-p-coumaroyl-beta-D-glucopyranose formation. The cinnamoyl ester may be the true precursor of volatile cinnamates in strawberry flavor.

91. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Identification of genes for resistance to Phytophthora fragariae in strawberry.
Weg, W. E. v. d.; Giezen, S.; Maas, J. L.; Galletta, G. J. Acta-hortic (348): p.137-138. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; phytophthora-fragariae; genes-; disease-resistance; fungal-diseases; cultivars-

92. NAL Call No.: QK710.P62
Identification of mRNAs with enhanced expression in ripening strawberry fruit using polymerase chain reaction differential display.
Wilkinson, J. Q.; Lanahan, M. B.; Conner, T. W.; Klee, H. J. Plant-mol-biol v.27(6): p.1097-1108. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; messenger-rna; gene-expression; fruits-; ripening-; polymerase-chain-reaction; nucleotide-sequences; complementary- dna; amino-acid-sequences; molecular-sequence-data; genbank; u19940-; genbank; u19941-; genbank; u19942-; genbank; u19943-; genbank; u19944-

Abstract: Fruit ripening is a complex developmental process that involves specific changes in gene expression and cellular metabolism. In climateric fruits these events are coordinated by the gaseous hormone ethylene, which is synthesized autocatalytically in the early stages of ripening. Nonclimacteric fruits do not synthesize or respond to ethylene in this manner, yet undergo many of the same physiological and biochemical changes associated with the production of a ripe fruit. To gain insight into the molecular determinants associated with nonclimacteric fruit ripening, we examined mRNA populations in ripening strawberry fruit using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) differential display. Five mRNAs with ripening-enhanced expression were identified using this approach. Three of the mRNAs appear to be fruit-specific, with little or no expression detected in vegetative tissues. Sequence analysis of cDNA clones revealed positive identities for three of the five mRNAs based on homology to known proteins. These results indicate that the differential display technique can be a useful tool to study fruit ripening and other developmental processes in plants at the RNA level.

93. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Identification of strawberry genotypes and evaluation of their genetic relatioships using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis.
Levi, A.; Rowland, L. J.; Galletta, G. J.; Martelli, G.; Greco, I. Adv-strawb-res. [United States] : North American Strawberry Growers Association, c1992-. 1994. v. 13 p. 36-39.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fragaria-chiloensis; dna-fingerprinting; genetic-analysis; genotypes-; characterization-; dna-; genetic-variation; cultivar- identification; chemotaxonomy-

94. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Identification of Xanthomonas fragariae field isolates by rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting.
Opgenorth, D. C.; Smart, C. D.; Louws, F. J.; De Bruijn, F. J.; Kirkpatrick, B. C. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]. Aug 1996. v. 80 (8) p. 868-873.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; xanthomonas-fragariae; strains-; leaf-spotting; light-; isolation-; identification-; rapid-methods; dna-fingerprinting; polymerase-chain-reaction; nucleotide-sequences; elisa-; assays-; pathogenicity-; comparisons-; plant-disease-control; spread-; planting-stock; repetitive-bacterial-sequences; pathogenicity-assays; angular-leaf-spot; strawberry-bacterial-leaf-blight

Abstract: Xanthomonas fragariae, the causal organism of angular leaf spot on cultivated strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa), is an economically important pathogen of nursery stock in California. The ability to reliably detect this pathogen in a timely manner is crucial for the production and timely distribution of disease-free nursery stock. Pathogenicity testing for this disease requires excessive time, and the bacterium grows slowly on standard culture medium. A medium, similar to that used for culturing Xylella fastidiosa, allowed more consistent recovery of X. fragariae from infected strawberry plants. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers that anneal to dispersed repetitive bacterial sequences (rep-PCR), we generated genomic fingerprints of reference strains of X. fragariae (ATCC 33239 and 33240). These fingerprints were used, in turn, to accurately identify X fragariae field isolates collected over the last 5 years from nurseries in California. The rep-PCR fingerprint results agree with pathogenicity test results, require much less time than the pathogenicity test, and have greater specificity than indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for identifying X. fragariae from field plants. For these reasons, rep-PCR is the fastest and most accurate method for the current identification of X. fragariae and it constitutes a useful tool for the production of disease-free strawberry nursery stocks.

95. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Immunocapture polymerase chain reaction assay and ELISA for the detection of strawberry mild yellow edge associated potexvirus.
Kaden Kreuziger, D.; Lamprecht, S.; Martin, R. R.; Jelkmann, W. Acta-hortic (385): p.33-38. (1995 Apr.)

Paper presented at the VIIth International Symposium on Small Fruit Virus Diseases held June 27 - July 2, 1994, Rome, Italy.

Descriptors: strawberry-mild-yellow-edge-virus; detection-; polymerase-chain-reaction; elisa-; rubus-; fragaria-

96. NAL Call No.: 442.8-An72
In vitro growth and ripening of strawberry fruit in the presence of ACC, STS or propylene.
Perkins Veazie, P. M.; Huber, D. J.; Brecht, J. K. Ann-appl-biol v.128(1): p.105-116. (1996 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; growth-; ripening-; ripening-stage; in-vitro; propylene-; silver-; silver-thiosulfate; acc-; ethylene-; ethylene- production; respiration-; postharvest-physiology; weight-

97. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
In vitro screening of 76 strawberry cultivars for twospotted spider mite resistance.
Gimenez Ferrer, R. M.; Scheerens, J. C.; Erb, W. A. HortScience v.28(8): p.841-844. (1993 Aug.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fragaria-moschata; cultivars-; screening-; germplasm-; in-vitro; pest-resistance; genetic-resistance; tetranychus-urticae; bioassays-; leaves-; varietal-susceptibility; oviposition-; crop-damage; leaf-disk

Abstract: Leaf disk bioassays based on oviposition and damage accrued during 72 hours were used to screen 76 strawberry (Fragaria spp.) cultivars for resistance to the twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). Oviposition rates (eggs/female per day) and damage scores were both highly variable, allowing cultivars to be classified, according to a combination of these two variables, into six categories of susceptibility or

98. NAL Call No.: QK725.P54
Infection of hairy roots of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus.
Nuutila, A. M.; Vestberg, M.; Kauppinen, V. Plant-cell-rep v.14(8): p.505-509. (1995)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; agrobacterium-rhizogenes; roots-; infectivity-; genetic-transformation; vesicular-arbuscular-mycorrhizas; growth-; symbiosis-; nutrient-uptake; culture-media; in-vitro-culture; glomus-; sporulation-; glomus-; sporulation-; hyphae-; root-nodules; dosage-effects; nutrient-sources; nutrient-requirements; glomus-fistulosum; arbuscules-

Abstract: Hairy root cultures of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) were induced with the Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4. Cultures were maintained on B50 medium but could also grow on a minimal medium, which did not inhibit the growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The growth and nutrient uptake were characterized in shake flasks and in a bioreactor. Spores of the native Finnish arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fistulosum V128 were used to infect strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch. 'Senga Sengana') hairy roots in vitro. During cultivation, vegetative spore formation was observed. At the end of the cultivation, hyphae and arbuscules were observed in the stained roots.

99. NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Influence of propagation site on the fruiting of three strawberry clones grown in a Florida winter production system.
Chandler, C. K.; Albregts, E. E.; Howard, C. M.; Dale, A. Proc-Annu-Meet-Fla-State-Hortic-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society. May 1990. v. 102 p. 310-312.

Proceedings held October 31-November 2, 1989, Tampa, Florida.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; clones-; cultivars-; genotype-environment-interaction; propagation-; crop-production; fruiting-; florida-; california-

100. NAL Call No.: 450-C16
Influence of row covers on five strawberry cultivars in Quebec. Influence des couvertures hivernales sur la productivite du fraisier au Quebec.
Lamarre, M.; Lareau, M. J.; Payette, S. Can-J-Plant-Sci-Rev-Can-Phytotech v.72(1): p.299-305. (1992 Jan.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; crop-production; crop-yield; mulches-; netting-; polyethylene-film; cultivars-; timing-; quebec-; agronet-rowcover

101. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Influence of some atmospheric factors affecting yield and single fruit weight in strawberry.
Hortynski, J. A.; Liniewicz, K.; Hulewicz, T. J-hortic-sci v.69(1): p.89-95. (1994 Jan.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; crop-production; crop-yield; temperature-; relative-humidity; light-; precipitation-; genotypes-; genetic-variation; fruits-; weight-; seasonal-variation; poland-

102. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Inheritance and stability of somaclonal variations in micropropagated strawberry.
Sansavini, S.; Rosati, P.; Gaggioli D, P.; Toschi, M. F. Acta-Hortic (280): p.375-384. (1990 July)

In the series analytic: In vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding / edited by J. Janick and R.H. Zimmerman. Proceedings of an International Symposium, May 30-June 3, 1989, Bologna, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-; micropropagation-; cultivars-; varietal-susceptibility; mutations-; somaclonal-variation; tissue-culture; inheritance-; stability-

103. NAL Call No.: SB123.P535
The inheritance of components of fruiting season, yield and vigour in short-day strawberries and the relationship between pistillate flowers and flowering time.
Simpson, D. W. Plant-Breed-Z-Pflanzenzucht v.109(3): p.177-182. (1992 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-breeding; inheritance-; agronomic-characteristics; photoperiodism-; crop-yield; yield-components; flowering-date; fruiting-; vigor-; gynoecium-; cultivars-; small-fruit-breeding; pistillate-cultivars

104. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in greenhouse-grown versus field-grown California strawberry progenies.
Nelson, M. D.; Gubler, W. D.; Shaw, D. V. Phytopathology v.85(4): p.421-424. (1995 Apr.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; sphaerotheca-macularis; disease-resistance; infectivity-; pathogenicity-; inheritance-; plant-breeding; genotypes-; genetic-variation; selection-; field-tests; greenhouse-culture; mathematical-models; equations-; california-; sphaerotheca-macularis-f; sp; -fragariae

Abstract: Seedlings from 17 strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa) progenies were evaluated for resistance to powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca macularis f. sp. fragariae) using controlled greenhouse inoculations and field trials with differing natural infection levels. Genetic differences contributed a large fraction of the phenotypic variance among individuals for both disease incidence (H2 = 0.44-0.71) and disease severity (H2 = 0.70-0.94) in all cases, but the variance attributable to breeding value for these traits varied substantially with infection level (h2 = 0.12-0.90). Likewise, genotypic and breeding value correlations for a single trait scored in different infection environments suggest that different genes may confer resistance with different levels of disease pressure. Greenhouse evaluations corresponded well with rankings obtained under high levels of field infection. However, evaluation of genetic potential only under conditions of extreme infection may ignore valuable components of partial resistance, and should not be used in isolation.

105. NAL Call No.: 442.8-Z8
The inheritance of vegetative growth traits in strawberries (Fragaria X ananassa) grown at low temperatures and their relationship to field productivity.
Shaw, D. V.; Hansen, J. J. Theor-appl-genet v.87(1/2): p.170-176. (1993 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; inheritance-; heritability-; growth-; vegetative-period; air-temperature; environmental-temperature; growth-chambers; genotype-environment-interaction; genetic-correlation; pleiotropy-; field-experimentation

Abstract: The genetic relationship between vegetative growth at low temperatures and productivity was investigated for strawberries grown in controlled and field environments. Genotypes from 20 biparental crosses were grown in controlled environments with 11 degrees, 14 degrees, and 17 degrees C days, 11 degrees C nights, and 11-h daylength to simulate a range of winter growing conditions expected in mediterranean environments. Individual plants were scored for two initial runner traits and eight vegetative growth traits. Significant main effects of temperature and cross were detected for all growth chamber traits, and conservative estimates of the broad sense heritability (h2) for these traits were 0.10-0.28. None of the temperature X cross interaction effects were significant, suggesting that genetic potential for vegetative growth and vigor is expressed similarly at low and optimal growing temperatures. Highly significant genetic correlations were detected between many growth chamber trait pairs, indicating pleiotropic effects for the genes that condition these traits. Complementary field trials were established, and individual plants were scored for traits that describe yield, production pattern, and plant size. Significant negative genetic correlations were detected between traits that describe growth in the chambers and early production in the field trials, but genetic correlations between chamber growth traits and mid-season or total production were significantly positive and occasionally large. using traits scored in the nursery can be used to improve yield and modify production pattern in the field.

106. NAL Call No.: QL461.E4
Insect invasion sequences: systematic or stochastic.
Hodge, S.; Arthur, W. Ecol-entomol v.21(2): p.150-154. (1996 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: drosophila-; invasion-; sequences-; colonization-; temporal-variation; strawberries-; decomposition-; age-; systematic-invasion; stochastic-invasion; fruit-age; species-arrival

Abstract: This study examined the invasion sequence of Drosophila species arriving at decomposing strawberries. It was found that the age of fruit affected the likelihood of Drosophila arrival, flies preferring relatively fresh fruit. However, there were no repeatable trends in invasion sequence of Drosophila species, different species responding in a similar manner to changes in fruit age. Although no systematic trends in invasion sequence were observed, species tended to be temporally separated due to stochastic differences in their arrival at the fruit. It is suggested that stochastic, as well as repeatable, temporal separation of species can have an important influence on subsequent community development.

107. NAL Call No.: QD1.A45-no.633
Interactions between pectins and flavor compounds in strawberry jam.
Guichard, E. Flavor-food interactions /. Washington, DC : American Chemical Society, c1996.. p. 118-142.

Paper presented at a symposium sponsored by the Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry at the 208th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, August 21-25, 1994, Washington, DC.

Descriptors: jams-; strawberries-; flavor-compounds; interactions-; pectins-; taste-; flavor-; methylation-; consistency-; molecular-weight; esterification-; volatile-compounds

Abstract: Gelling agents are added to commercial products to achieve desired firmness or consistency. These agents should not interfere with the aroma, flavor or taste of the product to which they are added. Among them, pectic substances find many applications, particularly in jam manufacturing. Composition of headspace, consistency, taste and flavor characteristics were determined in jam made with different pectins. At the usual concentrations, high methoxylated pectin induced an undesirable modification of typical flavor and intensity of flavor and taste, whereas low methoxylated pectin induced few alterations. At fixed concentration and molecular weight, a decrease in degree of esterification produced a significant decrease in consistency and noticeable modifications of the flavor perception and headspace composition, but no taste alteration. Mechanical reduction of pectin molecular weight significantly modified only the consistency.

108. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Intergeneric hybrids of Fragaria and Potentilla.
Sayegh, A. J.; Hennerty, M. J. Acta-hortic (348): p.151-154. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; potentilla-fruticosa; plant-breeding; intergeneric-hybridization; chromosome-analysis; cytology-; chromosome-analysis

109. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Introducing the new strawberry cultivars "Hera (R)", "Athena (R)", "Marmolada (R)".
Leis, M.; Musacchi, D. Acta-hortic (345): p.37-39. (1993 June)

Paper presented at the "Session on Small Fruits at the 23rd International Horticultural Conference," August 27-September 1, 1990, Florence, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; plant-breeding; agronomic-characteristics; plant-morphology; crop-yield; italy-

110. NAL Call No.: 442.8-Z8
Introgression of wild species into the cultivated strawberry using synthetic octoploids.
Sangiacomo, M. A.; Sullivan, J. A. Theor-appl-genet v.88(3/4): p.349-354. (1994 June)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fragaria-moschata; fragaria-; fragaria-vesca; wild-plants; interspecific-hybridization; introgression-; outbreeding-; plant- breeding; polyploidy-; synthetic-varieties; hybrid-varieties; crop-yield; fruits-; weight-; fragaria-nubicola; fragaria-viridis; fragaria-moupinensis

Abstract: Synthetic octoploids reresent one method of integrating wild species germplasm into the cultivated octoploid strawberry. Several strawberry genotypes derived from Guelph synthetic octopoloids and 3-4 generations of outcrossing were evaluted for horticultural performance. Pollen stainability of the genotypes was improved by outcrossing and selection and was not considered a limiting factor to yield. Yield and berry weight of the genotypes improved to a level where several genotypes had yields as good as, or greater than, the mean of the check cultivars. There was no significant difference in the yield of genotypes that were either three or four outcrosses removed from the synthetic octoploids. Some genotypes displayed an everbearing habit accompanied by poor runnering characteristics which may have contributed to their reduced yield in the second season. Synthetic octoploids are composed of a diversity of germplasms distinct from the cultivated octoploid. However, by carefully selecting parents for the outcrossing program and rigorous selection for important horticultural traits, it was possible to restore performance close to the elite level in as few as three generations.

111. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Isoenzymatic characterization of strawberry clones in southern Italy.
Greco, I.; Martelli, G. Acta-hortic (345): p.21-27. (1993 June)

Paper presented at the "Session on Small Fruits at the 23rd International Horticultural Conference," August 27-September 1, 1990, Florence, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivar-identification; isoenzymes-; glucose-6-phosphate; cytosol-aminopeptidase; phosphoglucomutase-; clones-; italy-

112. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Isozyme comparisons for identification of Colletotrichum species pathogenic to strawberry.
Bonde, M. R.; Peterson, G. L.; Maas, J. L. Phytopathology v.81(12): p.1523-1528. (1991 Dec.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; colletotrichum-acutatum; glomerella-cingulata; isoenzymes-; comparisons-; colletotrichum-coccodes; colletotrichum-trifolii; chemotaxonomy-; pathogenicity-; host-specificity; loci-; identification-; characterization-

Abstract: Presently there is uncertainty about the appropriate taxonomic classification of species of Colletotrichum infecting strawberry. Some workers consider C. fragariae part of the highly variable species C. gloeosporioides, whereas others feel they should be separate. The strawberry pathogens C. acutatum, C. fragariae, and C. gloeosporioides were successfully distinguished by means of comparing isozymes for 12 enzymes and 14 putative isozyme loci. The intraspecific coefficients of similarity (CS) based on the 12 enyzmes and 14 loci were 1.00 for C. acutatum (maximum possible = 1.00), 1.00 for C. fragariae, and 0.80 for C. gloeosporioides. Intraspecific CS values indicated little variation in C. acutatum and C. fragariae; however there was considerable variation in C. gloeosporioides. The interspecific CS comparing C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides was relatively low (0.42), suggesting C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides are distinct species. The considerably higher CS of 0.77 when comparing C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides suggests that they are more closely related. C. coccodes (= C. atramentarium) and C. trifolii also were included in the comparison. Neither exhibited intraspecific isozyme variation and further demonstrated the great potential for isozyme analysis to identify Colletotrichum species.

113. NAL Call No.: 450-C16
Isozymes as markers for identification of tissue culture and greenhouse-grown strawberry cultivars.
Nehra, N. S.; Kartha, K. K.; Stushnoff, C. Can-J-Plant-Sci-Rev-Can-Phytotech v.71(4): p.1195-1201. (1991 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; hybrids-; cultivars-; isoenzymes-; genetic-markers; meristems-; tissue-culture; tissue-extracts; chemical-composition; age-; light-intensity; phenotypes-; identification-; laboratory-methods; nova-scotia; ontario-

114. NAL Call No.: 156.65-P69
June-bearing strawberry named Chambly.
Buszard, D.; Shahrokh, K. US-pat-Plant. [Washington, D.C. : U.S. Patent and Trademark Office,. Aug 2, 1994. (8853) 3 p.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; patents-; cuttings-; tissue-culture; planting-stock; high-yielding-varieties; aroma-; usa-; canada-; us00pp08853p-

Abstract: Abstract: A Nordic-type strawberry variety named "Chambly" combines the characteristics of cold-hardiness, adapt-ability to various soil conditions, vigor and strength, absence of suckering and its high yield of firm, deep red fruit with raised neck, elevated calyx and uniform well- colored flesh. Chambly yields strawberries characteristized by an excellent taste (slightly sugary), a very fresh appearance and appealing texture, with a real strawberry aroma and no noticeable aftertaste.

115. NAL Call No.: 442.8-C99
Karyotypes of Fragaria nubicola and F. daltoniana (Rosaceae).
Iwatsubo, Y.; Naruhashi, N. Cytologia-Int-J-Cytol. Tokyo : Cytologia. Sept. 1991. v. 56 (3) p. 453-457.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; chromosomes-; karyotypes-; chromosome-number; chromosome-morphology; phylogeny-; nepal-

116. NAL Call No.: 80-F9464
'Kent and 'Honeoye' were highest yielding best-adapted strawberry cultivars in Colorado trials.
Renquist, A. R.; Hughes, H. G. Fruit-Var-J v.46(1): p.58-61. (1992 Jan.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; performance-; colorado-

117. NAL Call No.: 80-F9464
'Kent' strawberry.
Jamieson, A. R. Fruit-var-j. University Park, Pa., American Pomological Society. July 1996. v. 50 (3) p. 138-139.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; descriptions-; characteristics-

118. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Mathematical indices for comparing small fruit crops for harvest time and trait similarity.
Khanizadeh, S.; Fanous, M. A. HortScience v.27(4): p.346-348. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: small-fruits; fragaria-ananassa; harvesting-date; ripening-; maturation-period; genotypes-; cultivars-; earliness-; evaluation-; comparisons-; mathematical-models; computer-software

Abstract: Three mathematical indices were developed to estimate: 1) potential for early dollar return or early ripening (IE), 2) concentrated cropping (IC), and 3) deviation similarity of a genotype to known cultivars (ID). Early ripening genotypes with high yield early in the season will have larger IE values than late genotypes with lower yield early in the season. Genotypes with few harvests will have larger IC values than those requiring several harvests. The ID index helps to identify and group genotypes with similar characteristics. These indices condense numerous values or arrays of traits into single index values, thereby simplifying genotype comparisons.

119. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Mechanical harvesting of strawberry for the processing industry.
Thuesen, A. Acta-Hortic (265): p.627-632. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; variety-trials; mechanical-harvesting; crop-yield; processing-; food-industry; machinery-; types-; denmark-

120. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Methodological base of strawberry breeding in Russia for fungal pathogen resistance.
Govorova, G. Acta-hortic (348): p.458-462. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-breeding; disease-resistance; verticillium-dahliae; fungal-diseases; inheritance-; russia-

121. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Methods for estimating the resistance of strawberry plants to Verticillium dahliae Kleb., Rhizoctonai fragariae Husain and McKeen, and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.
Nipoti, P.; Finessi, L.; Manzali, D.; Gavina, F. Acta-Hortic (265): p.609-613. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; evaluation-; techniques-; disease-resistance; verticillium-dahliae; rhizoctonia-fragariae; rhizoctonia-solani; symptoms-; italy-

122. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Micropropagation of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.). Effect of minral salts, benzyladenine levels and number of subcultures on the in vitro and field behaviour of the obtained microplants and the fruiting capacity of their progeny.
Lopez Aranda, J. M.; Pliego Alfaro, E.; Lopez Navidad, I.; Barcelo Munoz, M. J-hortic-sci v.69(4): p.625-637. (1994 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; micropropagation-; culture-media; salts-; benzyladenine-; rooting-capacity; progeny-; progeny-testing; field-tests; cultivars-; genetic-variation

123. NAL Call No.: QK710.P62
Molecular cloning and sequencing of a cDNA for an auxin-repressed mRNA: correlation between fruit growth and repression of the auxin- regulated gene.
Reddy, A. S. N.; Poovaiah, B. W. Plant-Mol-Biol-Int-J-Mol-Biol-Biochem-Genet-Eng v.14(2): p.127-136. (1990 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; genes-; plant-proteins; auxins-; inhibition-; gene-expression; genetic-regulation; messenger-rna; fruits-; fruiting-; cloning-; nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences; ethylene-production; ethephon-; molecular-sequence-data

Abstract: A complementary DNA (cDNA) library has been constructed in lambdagt10 from poly(A)+ mRNA isolated from auxin-deprived strawberry receptacles. By differential plaque filter hybridization, a cDNA (lambdaSAR5) to an auxin-repressed mRNA has been isolated. The expression of the auxin-repressed gene is studied at various stages of normal fruit development and in fruits of variant strawberry genotype using lambdaSAR5 as a probe. Northern analyses of RNA isolated from pollinated and unpollinated fruits of various developmental stages revealed that mRNA corresponding to the lambdaSAR5 clone is repressed during normal fruit development, and the level of lambdaSAR5 mRNA is regulated by endogenous auxin. Furthermore, results with both normal and variant genotype strawberry fruit indicate that there is a positive correlation between growth of strawberry fruit and repression of mRNA corresponding to the lambdaSAR5 clone. The lambdaSAR5 cDNA has been sequenced and is 723 nucleotides in length. The deduced protein has 111 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 12.5 kDa. The putative polypeptide starts at nucleotide position 20 and ends at 352. The molecular weight of the predicted polypeptide is in agreement with the molecular weight of the in vitro translated polypeptide of hybrid selected mRNA. A comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of lambdaSAR5 with nucleotide and protein sequences in data banks has not revealed any homology to known proteins. [[currency]]

124. NAL Call No.: QK710.P62
Molecular cloning of cDNAs for auxin-induced mRNAs and developmental expression of the auxin-inducible genes.
Reddy, A. S. N.; Jena, P. K.; Mikherjee, S. K.; Poovaiah, B. W. Plant-Mol-Biol-Int-J-Mol-Biol-Biochem-Genet-Eng v.14(5): p.643-653. (1990 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; genes-; cloning-; messenger-rna; dna-; gene-expression; genetic-regulation; naa-; ethylene-; ethephon-; fruits-; crop- growth-stage; plant-development; developmental-stages; genotypes-

Abstract: By differential hybridization, two auxin-inducible cDNA clones (lambda SAR1 and lambda SAR2) have been isolated from a cDNA library constructed to poly(A)+ mRNA from auxin-treated strawberry receptacles. Both the clones have been used as probes to study the expression of the auxin-induced genes in pollinated and unpollinated fruits of various stages of development and in different organs. A high level of auxin-induced mRNAs is found in pollinated fruits as compared to unpollinated fruits of the same age, suggesting that the expression of the auxin-induced genes is developmentally regulated and the level of auxin-induced mRNAs is regulated by endogenous auxin. Furthermore, our data on the expression of lambda SAR1 and lambda SAR2 genes in pollinated and unpollinated fruits revealed a positive correlation between growth of strawberry fruit and the induction of mRNA corresponding to the lambda SAR1 and lambda SAR2 clones. Ethylene has no effect on the expression of the auxin-induced mRNAs. lambda SAR1 mRNA is not detected in other parts of strawberry plants whereas lambda SAR2 mRNA is present in roots. Furthermore, mRNA corresponding to lambda SAR1 and lambda SAR2 is not detected in other auxin- responsive plant systems such as pea epicotyls and bean explants.

125. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Molecular investigation of the chloroplast genome in Fragaria spp.
Harrison, R. E.; Luby, J. J.; Furnier, G. Acta-hortic (348): p.395-402. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-; potentilla-fruticosa; duchesnea-indica; genomes-; chloroplasts-; restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism; chemotaxonomy-; mutations-; phylogeny-

126. NAL Call No.: SB976.M55S97--1988
Monitoring of the winter 1987 field release of genetically engineered bacteria in Contra Costa County.
Supkoff, D. M.; Bezark, L.; Opgenorth, D.; Biological Control Services Program (Calif.). Sacramento, Calif. : Biological Control Services Program, State of California, Dept. of Food and Agriculture, Division of Pest Management, Environmental Monitoring and Pest Management, 1988. v, 55 p. : ill., maps, "August 1988"--Cover.

Descriptors: Microbial-pesticides-California-Contra-Costa-County; Strawberries-Frost-protection-California-Contra-Costa-County; Genetic- engineering-California; Bacteria-California-Contra-Costa-County

127. NAL Call No.: QH540.N3
Morphogenesis of strawberry roots infected by Azospirillum brasilense and V. A. mycorrhiza.
Bellone, C. H.; Bellone, S. C. de. NATO-ASI-ser,-Ser-G:-Ecol-sci. Berlin, [East Germany] ; New York, [N.Y.] : Springer-Verlag, 1983-. 1995. v. 37 p. 251-255.

In the series analytic: Azospirillum VI and related microorganisms: Genetics, Physiology, Ecology / edited by I. Fendrik, M. del Gallo, J. Vanderleyden and M. de Zamaroczy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; glomus-intraradices; azospirillum-brasilense; vesicular-arbuscular-mycorrhizas; roots-; colonization-; root-hairs; morphogenesis-; glomus-intraradix

128. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Mycoplasam-like organisms in different strawberry varieties in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy.
Pisi, A.; Vicchi, V. Acta-Hortic (265): p.615-618. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; mycoplasma-like-organisms; symptoms-; infection-; disease-vectors; empoasca-; hosts-of-plant-diseases; trifolium- repens; catharanthus-roseus; italy-; empoasca-solani; emelyanoviana-mollicula

129. NAL Call No.: QR360.A1J6
The nucleotide sequence and genome organization of strawberry mild yellow edge-associated potexvirus.
Jelkmann, W.; Maiss, E.; Martin, R. R. J-Gen-Virol v.73(pt.2): p.475-479. (1992 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberry-mild-yellow-edge-virus; potexvirus-group; coat-proteins; dna-; nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences; genomes-; molecular-sequence-data

Abstract: The nucleotide sequence (5966 nucleotides) of cDNA clones of strawberry mild yellow edge-associated potexvirus was determined. The genome contains six open reading frames (ORFs) encoding putative proteins with Mrs of 149423, 25344, 11576, 8079, 25714 and 11216. In the first three putative proteins and the coat protein considerable similarity was found to comparable polypeptides of the potexviruses potato virus X, clover yellow mosaic virus, narcissus mosaic virus, papaya mosaic virus, white clover mosaic virus and lily virus X.

130. NAL Call No.: QR360.A1J6
The nucleotide sequence of a satellite RNA associated with strawberry latent ringspot virus.
Kreiah, S.; Cooper, J. I.; Strunk, G. J-Gen-Virol v.74(pt.6): p.1163-1165. (1993 June)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberry-latent-ringspot-virus; rna-; nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences; molecular-sequence-data; genbank; x69826-

Abstract: The nucleotide sequence of a satellite RNA associated with a strawberry isolate (H) of strawberry latent ringspot nepovirus (SLRSV) was determined from cDNA copies and the 5' end sequence was deduced from directly sequenced virion RNA. At the 3' end a poly(A) sequence was identified. A long open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 331 amino acids (Mr 36488) was determined. Sequence comparisons showed that SLRSV satellite RNA has no extensive homology with other sequences in the GenEmbl and Swiss-Prot databases.

131. NAL Call No.: QK710.P62
Nucleotide sequence of an alcohol dehydrogenase gene in octoploid strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.).
Wolyn, D. J.; Jelenkovic, G. Plant-Mol-Biol-Int-J-Mol-Biol-Biochem-Genet-Eng v.14(5): p.855-857. (1990 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; multiple-genes; alcohol-dehydrogenase; cloning-; nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences; introns-; exons-; molecular-sequence-data; embl; x15588-

132. NAL Call No.: QR360.A1J6
Nucleotide sequence of the coat protein genes of strawberry latent ringspot virus: lack of homology to the nepoviruses and comoviruses.
Everett, K. R.; Milne, K. S.; Forster, R. L. S. J-gen-virol v.75(pt.7): p.1821-1825. (1994 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberry-latent-ringspot-virus; genes-; coat-proteins; dna-; clones-; nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences; molecular-sequence-data; genbank; x75165-

Abstract: The sequence of the 3'-terminal 2424 nucleotides of RNA-2 of the flowering cherry strain of strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRV) was determined from cDNA clones. The sequence contains a reading frame in the virus-sense strand of 2070 nucleotides, a 3' untranslated region of 552 nucleotides and a 3'-terminal poly(A) tract. The positions of the two coat proteins of SLRV within the reading frame were determined from sequence data obtained by N-terminal sequencing using Edman degradation. The larger coat protein with an Mr of 43K is located 5' of the smaller coat protein of 27K, and the two proteins are apparently cleaved at a Ser-Gly bond. Although there are numerous similarities between SLRV and the nepoviruses and comoviruses, there is no significant homology between the SLRV coat proteins and the coat proteins of either group. Furthermore, the hydropathy profiles of the SLRV coat proteins are unlike those of either group. No comparisons could be made with the fabaviruses owing to lack of sequencing information. This lack of homology suggests that SLRV is more distantly related to the nepoviruses and comoviruses than has been considered previously.

133. NAL Call No.: 450-J829
Nutrient sharing in natural clonal fragments of Fragaria chiloensis.
Alpert, P. J-ecol v.84(3): p.395-406. (1996)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-chiloensis; clones-; nitrate-; nitrogen-; stolons-; nutrient-transport; dunes-; duneland-plants; nutrient-uptake; growth-; dry-matter- accumulation; nutrient-availability; soil-fertility; nitrogen-content; leaves-; leaf-area; california-; ramets-; coastal-sand-dunes; clonal-growth

Abstract: The potential advantages of clonal growth in plants include increased growth due to resource sharing between ramets in patchy environments. Net increases in the biomass and vegetative spread of clones attributable to resource sharing have been amply demonstrated in artificial environments, but little tested in natural ones. This study examines nutrient sharing in the stoloniferous perennial herb Fragaria chiloensis in a natural population on coastal sand dunes in California. The main questions asked were: (1) How extensive is nutrient sharing? (2) Do patterns of nutrient sharing change in response to nutrient patchiness? (3) Does nutrient sharing increase growth? Three experiments were conducted, using clonal fragments in situ. Experiment 1 examined the extent of nutrient sharing when nutrient patchiness was minimal for the habitat, by tracing the movement of 15N within fragments that had all their ramets in low-nutrient microsites. Experiment 2 compared the extent of nutrient sharing when patchiness was maximal, by measuring the biomass and size of clonal fragments when a high-nutrient patch was artificially created around one of the ramets. Experiment 3 examined the effects of nutrient uptake without sharing, by measuring the growth of single ramets in high-nutrient patches. Nitrogen was shared between all the ramets along a stolon, but large net transfers took place only from older to younger ramets. There was no evidence that these patterns changed in response to the degree of nutrient patchiness. Apparent effects of nutrient sharing on growth included a significant increase in the total biomass of younger ramets, a possible decrease in the biomass of. likely to speed the growth of fragments away from high-nutrient patches, and so, at first sight, may appear disadvantageous. However, the long term effect of accelerated spread away from good patches must be tested in relation to natural patterns of resource patch dynamics.

134. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Objective and sensory evaluation of fresh fruit of day-neutral strawberry cultivars.
Reitmeier, C. A.; Nonnecke, G. R. HortScience v.26(7): p.843-845. (1991 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; photoperiod-; fruit-; strawberries-; food-quality; organoleptic-traits; california-; iowa-; photoperiod-neutral-cultivars

Abstract: Sensory and objective attributes of fresh fruit of five locally grown day-neutral strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duch.) cultivars (Tristar, Tribute, Mrak, Yolo, and Selva) were compared to those of California-grown strawberries available in the Iowa markets. 'Tristar' and 'Tribute' fruit were redder and more sour than fruit of other day-neutral cultivars, and 'Tristar' fruit were the most juicy of the berries evaluated. 'Tristar' and 'Tribute' fruit had higher titratable acidity and lower Hunter L (lightness) values than those of other evaluated fruit. Sensory panelists rated the California-grown berries as the least red.

135. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Objectives and methods of the strawberry breeding program sponsored by the CIREF.
Roudeillac, P. Acta-hortic (348): p.117-123. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-breeding; breeding-programs; agronomic-characteristics; disease-resistance; fungal-diseases; colletotrichum- acutatum; phytophthora-cactorum; france-

136. NAL Call No.: 464.9-C16S
Occurrence of anthracnose fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum on day-neutral strawberries in Manitoba.
Xue, A. G.; Davidson, C. G. Can-plant-dis-surv v.75(2): p.185-189. (1995)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; colletotrichum-acutatum; plant-pathogenic-fungi; infections-; fruits-; fungal-diseases; incidence-; disease- surveys; manitoba-

137. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Occurrence of strawberry mild yellow-edge associated virus in wild Fragaria chiloensis in South America.
Hepp, R. F.; Martin, R. R. Acta-Hortic (308): p.57-59. (1992 Apr.)

Paper presented at the XVth International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Temperate Fruit Crops VIth International Symposium on Small Fruit Virus Diseases, July 8-13, 1991, Vienna, Austria.

Descriptors: fragaria-chiloensis; clones-; strawberry-mild-yellow-edge-virus; fragaria-vesca; grafting-; chile-

138. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
'Oka' strawberry.
Khanizadeh, S.; Lareau, M.; Buszard, D.; Bagnara, D. HortScience v.27(4): p.374-375. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; germplasm-releases; agronomic-characteristics; pedigree-; crop-yield; disease-resistance; plant-breeding; fruit-; quebec-; fruit-breeding

139. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Optimum allocation of objective color measurements for evaluating fresh strawberries.
Sacks, E. J.; Shaw, D. V. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.119(2): p.330-334. (1994 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; genotypes-; cultivars-; fruits-; color-; strawberries-; quality-; genetic-variation; plant-breeding; genotype-environment- interaction; harvesting-date

Abstract: Components of variance were estimated for 10 strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa) color traits to determine their relative importance and to design optimal sampling strategies. The color attributes of > 2000 fruit from 47 genotypes from the Univ. of California Strawberry Improvement Program were evaluated over three harvest dates (HDs) in one growing season. Measurements were obtained for a moderate number of fruit from each genotype on each date, and two measurements were obtained for each trait on all fruit. Variances for HDs were nonsignificant or small (0% to 8% of the total variance). Genotype X date variances were highly significant but small (less than or equal to 6% of the total) for all color traits except internal hue (14% of the total). For external color traits, the within-fruit variance was greater than the among-fruit variance (16% to 64% and 0% to 14% of the total, respectively). For internal color traits, the among-fruit variance was greater than the within-fruit variance (20% to 37% and 9% to 19% of the total, respectively). Obtaining two measurements per fruit for several fruit on one HD is an efficient strategy for characterizing a genotype's fruit color; seven to 22 fruit are needed to estimate a genotype's fruit color within 2 units (Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage L*a*b* or degrees) with 95% confidence.

140. NAL Call No.: TP373.5.J6
Osmotic dehydration of strawberries in a batch recirculation system.
Yang, D. C.; Le Laguer, M. J-Food-Qual v.15(6): p.387-397. (1992 Dec.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; cultivars-; food-processing; osmosis-; dehydration-; food-quality

Abstract: Physical and chemical characteristics of two cultivars of strawberries during osmotic dehydration in sucrose and glucose solutions were investigated. Temperature was found to have a significant effect on the water and sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) exchange between strawberry and the osmotic solution. Mass transfer was found not to be significantly different between cultivars. Glucose gain was found to be higher than sucrose for the strawberries osmotically dehydrated in glucose and sucrose solutions at the same mole fraction, respectively. Sugars other than the osmotic sugar were found to decrease in concentration during the osmotic process. The combination of 63% sucrose solution with 25C process temperature for 2 h was able to remove more than 40% of moisture and load less than 0.1% of sucrose in the strawberries.

141. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Out of season glasshouse strawberry production in north Greece.
Vlachonasios, C.; Vasilakakis, M.; Dogras, C.; Mastrokostas, M. Acta-hortic (379): p.305-312. (1995 June)

Paper presented at the International Symposium on Quality of Fruit and Vegetables: Influence of Pre- and Post-Harvest Factors and Technology, September 20-24, 1993, Chania, Greece.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; crop-production; fruits-; crop-quality; hydroponics-; greenhouse-culture

142. NAL Call No.: QD341.A2N8
Parentage analysis using RAPD PCR.
Scott, M. P.; Haymes, K. M.; Williams, S. M. Nucleic-Acids-Res v.20(20): p.5493. (1992 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: nicrophorus-; fragaria-vesca; polymerase-chain-reaction; dna-; genetic-markers; paternity-; parentage-; nicrophorus-tomentosus; random-amplified-polymorphic-dna

143. NAL Call No.: 286.8-N488
A patented berry has seller licking their lips.
Tierney, J. N-Y-Times. [New York, N.Y. : H.J. Raymond & Co.]. Oct 14, 1991. p. A8.

Descriptors: fragaria-vesca; patents-; brand-name-products; california-; driscoll's-

144. NAL Call No.: 389.8-F7322
Pectin concentration, molecular weight and degree of esterification: influence on volatile composition and sensory characteristics of strawberry jam.
Guichard, E.; Issanchou, S.; Descourvieres, A.; Etievant, P. J-Food-Sci-Off-Publ-Inst-Food-Technol v.56(6): p.1621-1627. (1991 Nov.-1991 Dec.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; jams-; food-processing; ingredients-; pectins-; molecular-weight; esterification-; food-composition; volatile-compounds; organoleptic-traits

Abstract: Composition of headspace, consistency, taste and flavor characteristics were determined in jams made with different pectins. At usual concentrations, high methoxylated pectin induced an undesirable modification of typical flavor and intensity of flavor and taste, whereas low methoxylated pectin induced few alterations. At fixed concentration and molecular weight, a decrease in degree of esterification produced a significant decrease in consistency and noticeable modifications of the flavor perception and headspace composition, but no taste alteration. Mechanical reduction of pectin molecular weight significantly modified only the consistency.

145. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Performance in Alabama of strawberry cultivars from Canadian and California nurseries using the annual hill plasticulture system.
Himelrick, D. G.; Dozier, W. A. Jr.; Pitts, J.; Akridge, R.; Carden, E. Adv-strawb-res. [United States] : North American Strawberry Growers Association, c1992-. 1994. v. 13 p. 44-48.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; provenance-; varietal-reactions; crop-yield; fruit-; polyethylene-film; mulching-; hilling-; cropping-systems; alabama-; california-; canada-

146. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Performance of Californian and eastern U.S. strawberry cultivars under conditions mimicking eastern production systems.
Hancock, J. F.; Hokanson, S. C.; Callow, P. W.; Sakin, M.; Haghighi, K.; Flore, J. A. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.117(6): p.991-995. (1992 Nov.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; variety-trials; crop-production; crop-yield; temperature-; plant-breeding; crop-quality; agronomic- characteristics; northeastern-states-of-usa; california-; southeastern-states-of-usa

Abstract: Twenty-one western and 13 eastern strawberry [Fragaria X ananassa (Duch.)] cultivars were grown in a polyethylene-covered greenhouse (polyhouse) in deep beds at either 10 X 10 or 25 X 25 cm spacing. Runners were removed weekly from the closest-spaced plants (hills), and the more open-spaced plants were allowed to set four runners on each side of the mother plant before the runners were removed (matted rows). Temperatures were allowed to fluctuate normally in the polyhouse, except that winter temperatures were maintained above 0C. The average yield of eastern and western cultivars did not differ significantly in most comparisons, but the average fruit weight of the Californian cultivars was significantly higher than the eastern ones, and Californian cultivars allocated a higher proportion of their biomass to reproduction. Nonbearing plants of eastern and western cultivars produced similar numbers of runners per plant and daughters per runner. There was no significant relationship between CO2 assimilation rate and yield. Interbreeding eastern cultivars with the most productive western genotypes might result in increased yields, but only if the higher reproductive efforts of the western types can be captured and transferred.

147. NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Performance of 'Dover', 'Pajaro', and 'Selva' strawberry planted in West Central Florida in August, September, and October.
Chandler, C. K.; Albregts, E. E.; Howard, C. M. Proc-Annu-Meet-Fla-State-Hortic-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society. June 1991. v. 103 p. 98-99.

Meeting held December 17-19, 1990, Lake Buena Vista, Florida.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; crop-yield; planting-date; variety-trials; florida-

148. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Performance of five strawberry cultivars under plastic greenhouse or field conditions in northern Greece.
Paraskevopoulou Paroussi, G.; Vassilakakis, M.; Dogras, C. Acta-Hortic (287): p.273-279. (1991 May)

Paper presented at the "Second International Symposium on Protected Cultivation of Vegetables in mild winter climates" October 29- November 13, 1989, Crete, Greece.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; performance-; greece-

Abstract: Five strawberry cultivars, (Brighton, Douglas, Fern, Toro and Pajaro) were cultivated in a heated plastic greenhouse from August 1987 to May 1988 in the Agricultural Research Center of Northern Greece and their performance for earliness, yield and fruit quality was evaluated. The same cultivars were grown under field conditions for comparison. Under greenhouse conditions Brighton and Douglas proved to be the most productive cultivars (cvs), followed by Toro and Pajaro, while Fern was the least productive one. Brighton, Fern and Toro (day-neutral cvs) gave the 47%, 38% and 53% respectively of their marketable yield during the first five weeks of the harvest period, whole Douglas and Pajaro (short-day cvs) gave only the 22%d and 24% of their marketable yield respectively. Flesh firmness of the fruit varied from harvest to harvest and between cultivars, as well. Toro produced the softest fruit of all cultivars tested (0.32Kg). Brighton and Toro had the highest percentage of soluble solids and Pajaro the lowest acidity. Strawberries produced either under greenhouse or field conditions were of similar quality, but yield of plants under field conditions was about double that of plants growing under greenhouse conditions.

149. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
The performance of North American day-neutral cultivars and the use of this germplasm for breeding in the United Kingdom.
Simpson, D. W. Acta-hortic (348): p.124-130. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-breeding; germplasm-; photoperiodism-; cultivars-; crop-yield; crop-quality; california-; uk-

150. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Performance of North American strawberry cultivars under conditions mimicking California production systems.
Rariden, J. M.; Shaw, D. V. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.119(5): p.1034-1038. (1994 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; variety-trials; mediterranean-climate; genotype-environment-interaction; crop-production; crop-yield; statistical-analysis; california-

Abstract: Runner plants from 16 strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) cultivars were grown using annual Mediterranean production systems to test for differences in productivity, performance traits, and vegetative growth attributes. Genotypes were included from germplasm adapted to four geographic regions: California and northwestern, northeastern, and mid-Atlantic or southeastern United States. The California genotypes were divided further into day-neutral and June-bearing categories. With these treatments, California cultivars had significantly larger plants and grew more rapidly during the fall and winter, had larger fruit, and produced at least twice the quantity of fruit of cultivars from the other regions. Variance components due to region explained 64% and 26% of the phenotypic variance for early and total yield, respectively, whereas differences among cultivars within regions explained 12% and 7% of the variance for these traits. Cultivars from all regions had significantly larger plants and were more productive when treated with 3 weeks of artificial vernalization. However, region X vernalization effects were nonsignificant for all traits, a result suggesting that selection in Mediterranean environments has not adapted germplasm specifically for low vernalization conditions.

151. NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Performance of 'Oso Grande', Fl 85-4925, and Fl 87-236 strawberry during the 1991-1992 season.
Chandler, C. K.; Sumler, J. C. Jr.; Albregts, E. E. Proc-annu-meet-Fla-State-Hort-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society,. May 1993. v. 105 p. 348-349.

Meeting held November 3-5, 1992, Tampa, Florida.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; variety-trials; clones-; cultivars-; performance-; fruiting-; crop-yield; fruit-; size-; weight-; florida-; fruiting-pattern; marketable-yield

152. NAL Call No.: 100-AL1S-1
Performance of strawberry culti