1. NAL Call No.: 275.29-IO9PA
1992 commercial small fruit & grape spray guide.
Gleason, M. L.; Lewis, D. R.; Nonnecke, G. R.; Hatterman Valenti, H. PM-Iowa-State-Univ-Coop-Ext-Serv. Ames, Iowa : The Service. Jan 1992. (1375) 30 p.

Descriptors: vitis-amurensis; vaccinium-; rubus-; fragaria-ananassa; varieties-; plant-diseases; spraying-; pesticides-; spraying-precautions; pest- management; fungicides-; weed-control; herbicides-; record-keeping

2. NAL Call No.: 275.29-In2Id
1994 Commercial small fruit & grape spray guide.
Hayden, R. A.; Weller, S. C.; Bordelon, B. P.; Foster, R.; Pecknold, P. C. ID-Purdue-Univ-Coop-Ext-Serv. West Lafayette, Ind. : Purdue University, Agricultural Extension Service : Agricultural Experiment Station. Jan 1994. (169) 34 p.

Descriptors: vitis-amurensis; vaccinium-; rubus-allegheniensis; rubus-strigosus; fragaria-virginiana; plant-pests; plant-pathogenic-fungi; chemical- control; pesticides-; application-rates; crop-growth-stage; indiana-; vaccinium-atrococcum

3. NAL Call No.: 275.29-W27P
1994 Pest Management Guide for commercial small fruits.
Ext-bull-Wash-State-Univ,-Coop-Ext. Pullman, Wash. : The Extension,. 1994. (149, rev.) 48 p.

Descriptors: vaccinium-; rubus-idaeus; fragaria-; pests-; pesticides-; integrated-pest-management; safety-; hazards-; poisoning-; symptoms-; regulations- ; handling-; transport-; storage-; disposal-; application-; application-date; guidelines-; plant-disease-control; environmental-protection

4. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Alternaria leaf spot in strawberry.
Wassenaar, L. M.; Scheer, H. A. T. v. d. Acta-Hortic (265): p.575-578. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; alternaria-alternata; variety-trials; disease-resistance; testing-; techniques-; netherlands-

5. NAL Call No.: QL391.N4R4
Analysis of the feeding of Xiphinema diversicaudatum.
Trudgill, D. L.; Robertson, W. M.; Wyss, U. Rev-Nematol v.14(1): p.107-112. (1991)
Includes references.

Descriptors: xiphinema-diversicaudatum; feeding-behavior; ingestion-; salivation-; fragaria-; lolium-perenne; petunia-; rosa-; roots-; seedlings-; petunia-hybrida

6. NAL Call No.: 100-F92
Anthracnose fruit rot of strawberry found in Connecticut fields.
LaMondia, J. A. Front-Plant-Sci-Conn-Agric-Exp-Stn v.44(2): p.5-6. (1992 Spring)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-acutatum; plant-disease-control; fungicides-; disease-resistance; connecticut-

7. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Anthracnose of strawberry caused by the Colletotrichum complex in Florida.
Howard, C. M.; Maas, J. L.; Chandler, C. L.; Albregts, E. A. Plant-Dis v.76(10): p.976-981. (1992 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-; glomerella-; species-; fungal-diseases; epidemiology-; symptoms-; varietal-resistance; genetic- resistance; florida-

8. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Arabis mosaic virus: detection by SP6-generated cRNA probes and possible recombination with strawberry latent ringspot virus.
Hadidi, A.; Piazzolla, P.; Savino, V.; Clark, M. F. Acta-Hortic (308): p.49-55. (1992 Apr.)

Paper presented at the XVth International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Temperate Fruit Crops VIth International Symposium on Small Fruit Virus Diseases, July 8-13, 1991, Vienna, Austria.

Descriptors: arabis-mosaic-nepovirus; strawberry-latent-ringspot-virus; detection-; recombination-; small-fruits

9. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Attempts to detect Xanthomonas fragariae in symptomless strawberry plants.
Calzolari, A.; Mazzucchi, U. Acta-Hortic (265): p.601-604. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; xanthomonas-fragariae; quarantine-; detection-; techniques-; symptoms-; propagation-materials; certification-; immunofluorescence-; staining-; italy-; quarantine-disease

10. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Attempts to purify strawberry viruses by non-conventional separation methods.
Leone, G.; Lindner, J. L.; Schoen, C. D. Acta-Hortic (308): p.121-129. (1992 Apr.)

Paper presented at the XVth International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Temperate Fruit Crops VIth International Symposium on Small Fruit Virus Diseases, July 8-13, 1991, Vienna, Austria.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-viruses; purification-

11. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea in Strawberry leaves.
Sutton, J. C.; Peng, G. Phytopathology v.83(6): p.615-621. (1993 June)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; botrytis-cinerea; leaves-; infectivity-; pathogenicity-; plant-disease-control; biological-control-agents; fusarium-; gliocladium-; myrothecium-verrucaria; penicillium-; rhodotorula-glutinis; trichoderma-viride; temperature-; sporulation-; chlorothalonil-

Abstract: In biocontrol tests, strawberry leaves were inoculated with Botrytis cinerea, were treated 2-5 wk later with antagonistic fungi or with chlorothalonil, and were kept on paraquat-chloramphenicol agar (PCA) or were sprayed with paraquat to kill the tissues and allow the pathogen to sporulate. Gliocladium roseum, a Penicillium sp., and Trichoderma viride suppressed the number of conidiophores of B. cinerea by 97-100% in attached leaves in the greenhouse. The antagonists also suppressed sporulation incidence of the pathogen by 58, 64, and 48%, respectively, in semisenescent overwintered leaves in field plots and by 81-100, 59-100, and 53-87%, respectively, in green leaves in field plots. G. roseum suppressed the pathogen as effectively as did chlorothalonil in all tests, and Penicillium sp. and T. viride were as effective in the greenhouse and in three of six field tests. Biosuppression generally increased as temperature increased from 10 to 25 C, but only G. roseum was highly suppressive at 10 and 15 C. Germination rate of conidia and growth of germ tubes of each antagonist on the leaves increased with temperature. When applied to infected green leaves and incubated on PCA, the antagonists suppressed hyphal growth of B. cinerea in leaf tissues. Hyperparasitism was not observed in leaves or in a separation-membrane assay. The antagonists markedly suppressed the number of conidiophores of B. cinerea when applied after the leaves had been incubated on PCA for 0 or 24 h but only slightly or not at all in leaves incubated on PCA for 48 or 72 h. G. roseum also was nonsuppressive in leaves that had died naturally. The antagonists suppressed B. cinerea primarily when applied to living green leaves.

12. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Biological control of strawberry diseases.
Sutton, J. C. Adv-strawb-res. [United States] : North American Strawberry Growers Association, c1992-. 1994. v. 13 p. 1-11.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-disease-control; biological-control; botrytis-cinerea; diplocarpon-earlianum; fusarium-oxysporum-f; sp; -fragariae; biological-control-agents; gliocladium-roseum; trichoderma-viride; trichoderma-harzianum; epicoccum-; honey-bees; vectors-; inoculation- methods; epicoccum-purpurascens; bee-vectoring

13. NAL Call No.: SB950.A2B74
Biological methods to control grey mould of strawberry.
Peng, G.; Sutton, J. C. Brighton-Crop-Prot-Conf-Pests-Dis. Surrey : British Crop Protection Council. 1990. v. 1 p. 233-240.

Meeting held November 19-22, 1990, Brighton, England.

Descriptors: fragaria-; botrytis-cinerea; plant-disease-control; biological-control

14. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Botrytis cinerea infection in pistillate and hermaphrodite strawberry flowers.
Simpson, D. W. Acta-Hortic (265): p.555-560. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; breeding-; lines-; disease-resistance; botrytis-cinerea; gynoecium-; flowers-; crosses-; infection-; england-; androgenous-flowers

15. NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Breeding strawberries for Florida: accomplishments and goals.
Chandler, C. K.; Howard, C. M.; Albregts, E. E. Proc-Annu-Meet-Fla-State-Hortic-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society. 1988 (pub. May 1989). v. 101 p. 380-382.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; breeding-programs; clones-; cultivars-; disease-resistance; susceptibility-; colletotrichum-; fungus-control; florida-

16. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Breeding strawberries in a subtropical environment.
Chandler, C. K.; Sumler, J. C. Jr.; Albregts, E. E. Acta-hortic (348): p.139-141. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-; phomopsis-; fungal-diseases; crop-production; chilling-requirement; florida-

17. NAL Call No.: 1.98-AG84
Building a better strawberry.
Stanley, D. Agric-Res-U-S-Dep-Agric-Res-Serv v.39(9): p.24-25. (1991 Sept.)

Descriptors: fragaria-; ellagic-acid; plant-breeding; disease-resistance; fruiting-potential; colletotrichum-acutatum; fungal-diseases; maryland-

18. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Calcium applications before harvest affect the severity of anthracnose fruit rot of greenhouse-grown strawberries.
Smith, B. J.; Gupton, C. L. Acta-hortic (348): p.477-482. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-acutatum; fruit-rots; fungus-control; calcium-chloride; calcium-nitrate; calcium-sulfate; foliar-spraying; soil-treatment; soil-drenching

19. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Caution required in distribution of plants of red stele (Phytophthora fragariae Hickman)-resistant strawberries.
Khanizadeh, S.; Buszard, D. HortScience v.27(8): p.870-871. (1992 Aug.)

Letter to the Editor.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; infections-; phytophthora-fragariae; disease-resistance; genetic-resistance; opinions-; disease-prevention; germfree-state

20. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
'Cavendish' strawberry.
Jamieson, A. R.; Sanford, K. A.; Nickerson, N. L. HortScience v.26(12): p.1561-1563. (1991 Dec.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; plant-breeding; fruit-; crop-quality; organoleptic-traits; agronomic-characteristics; disease-resistance; phytophthora-fragariae; pedigree-; fruit-breeding

21. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Characterization and geographical distribution of a new ilarvirus from Fragaria chiloensis.
Speigel, S.; Martin, R. R.; Leggett, F.; Borg, M. t.; Postman, J. Phytopathology v.83(9): p.991-995. (1993 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-chiloensis; ilarvirus-group; disease-transmission; geographical-distribution; new-geographic-records; purification-; serology-; epidemiology-; chile-; usa-; fragaria-chiloensis-ilarvirus

Abstract: A previously undescribed virus, a new member of the ilarvirus group, was isolated from wild Fragaria chiloensis plants collected in Chile and imported into the United States during 1990 and 1992. The virus, for which the name fragaria chiloensis ilarvirus (FCIV) is proposed, was detected during the postquarantine period in eight symptomless accessions collected in different locations in Chile. FCIV was transmitted mechanically to Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, and Cucumis sativus but not to other herbaceous plants tested and was also transmitted through seeds collected from naturally infected F. chiloensis plants. FCIV particles, purified from inoculated C. quinoa, were quasi-isometric with a diameter of 21.4 nm, and bacilliform particles to 54.5 nm in length, containing a single polypeptide with relative molecular mass (Mr) of 28,000 and four RNA molecules of 3,700, 2,700, 2,600, and 1,200 bases, respectively. A polyclonal and a monoclonal antiserum to FCIV were produced. FCIV was related serologically to the ilarviruses asparagus virus II and lilac ring mottle in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent but not in immunosorbent electron microscopy assays. Based on tests with F. chiloensis accessions collected in the wild in Chile and along the Pacific coast of the United States and Canada, FCIV seems to be geographically limited to Chile.

22. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Chitosan inhibits Rhizoctonia fragariae but not strawberry black root rot.
Elmer, W. H.; LaMondia, J. A. Adv-strawb-res. [United States] : North American Strawberry Growers Association, c1992-. 1994. v. 13 p. 26-31.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; rhizoctonia-fragariae; anastomosis-groups; growth-inhibitors; in-vitro; chitosan-; root-rots; infections-; plant-parasitic- nematodes; pratylenchus-penetrans; plant-disease-control; chemical-control; antifungal-agents

23. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Colonization of roots of strawberry cultivars with different levels of susceptibility to Phytophthora fragariae.
Milholland, R. D.; Daykin, M. E. Phytopathology v.83(5): p.538-542. (1993 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; phytophthora-fragariae; plant-pathogenic-fungi; roots-; infectivity-; pathogenesis-; susceptibility-; cultivars-; disease- resistance; plant-anatomy; histology-; sporulation-

Abstract: Roots of strawberry cultivars Tennessee Beauty (susceptible), Surecrop (partially resistant), and Climax (highly resistant) were examined microscopically at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days after inoculation with Phytophthora fragariae race Pf-2. Cultivar Climax had no infection hyphae or reproductive organs of P. fragariae at any time period or distance from the root tip. Cultivar Surecrop roots were colonized at a slower rate ? and had fewer reproductive organs than had Tennessee Beauty. The lack of sporangial production (secondary inoculum) on Surecrop substantiates previous findings of few or no sporangia produced on Surecrop roots 14 days after inoculation with P. fragariae race Pf-2. Restriction or reduction in sporangial production may be a component of partial resistance to P. fragariae.

24. NAL Call No.: S544.3.A2C47
Commercial production: strawberry.
Himelrick, D. G.; Powell, A. A.; Dozier, W. A. Jr. Circ-ANR. [Auburn] Ala. : Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn University,. May 1994. (633,rev.) 24 p.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; crop-production; farmers'-markets; plant-anatomy; cultivars-; weed-control; insect-pests; fungal-diseases; postharvest- treatment; crop-quality; alabama-

25. NAL Call No.: SB952.B75I57-1995
Comparative performance of different strawberry cultivars with and without methyl bromide fumigation in field soil naturally infested by Phytophthora spp. and Verticillium sp. and feasibility of using resistance of strawberry cultivars as an alternative to methyl bromide soil fumigation.
Mircetich, J. S. M.; Winterbottom, C. Q.; Wakeman, R. J.; Galper, L.; Gargiulo, N. T.; Welch, N.; Gubler, W. D. 1995 annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions / International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions p.31-1-31/5. (1995)

Meeting held on November 6-8, 1995, San Diego, California.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; verticillium-dahliae; phytophthora-; genetic-resistance; root-rots; methyl-bromide; chloropicrin-; pesticide- mixtures; fumigation-; preplanting-treatment; crop-yield; yield-losses; disease-prevalence; commercial-farming; profitability-; california-

26. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Comparison of three methods to assess latent contamination of frozen strawberry plants with Colletotrichum acutatum.
Morzieres, J. P.; Baudry, A. Acta-hortic (348): p.504-508. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-acutatum; fungal-diseases; inapparent-infections; screening-; bioassays-; experimental-infections; apples- ; leaves-; biological-techniques; paraquat-; planting-stock; freezing-; frozen-planting-stock

27. NAL Call No.: 100-C12H
Comparison of vector-virus relationships of strawberry crinkle plant rhabdovirus in two aphids (Chaetosiphon fragaefolii and C. jacobi) infected by injection.
Sylvester, E. S.; Richardosn, J. Hilgardia-J-Agric-Sci. Oakland, Calif. : California Agricultural Experiment Station. Oct 1990. v. 58 (3) 25 p.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; strawberry-crinkle-rhabdovirus; disease-vectors; chaetosiphon-fragaefolii; chaetosiphon-; species-; california-

28. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Cytoplasmic inclusions in leaves of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. infected with the strawberry mottle agent.
Polak, J.; Jokes, M. Acta-Hortic (308): p.141-144. (1992 Apr.)

Paper presented at the XVth International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Temperate Fruit Crops VIth International Symposium on Small Fruit Virus Diseases, July 8-13, 1991, Vienna, Austria.

Descriptors: chenopodium-quinoa; leaves-; infection-; strawberry-mottle-virus; cytoplasmic-inclusions

29. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Detection and isolation of strawberry vein banding virus in the Czech Republic.
Honetslegrova, J.; Mraz, I.; Spak, J. Acta-hortic (385): p.29-32. (1995 Apr.)

Paper presented at the VIIth International Symposium on Small Fruit Virus Diseases held June 27 - July 2, 1994, Rome, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-vesca; strawberry-vein-banding-caulimovirus; detection-; isolation-; characterization-; immunological-techniques

30. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Detection of potato leafroll and strawberry mild yellow-edge luteoviruses by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification.
Hadidi, A.; Goth, R. W.; Converse, R. H.; Madkour, M. A.; Skrzeckowski, L. J. Plant-Dis v.77(6): p.595-601. (1993 June)
Includes references.

Descriptors: potato-leaf-roll-luteovirus; luteovirus-group; detection-; polymerase-chain-reaction; transcription-; coat-proteins; genes-

31. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Detection of strawberry mild yellow-edge disease in micropropagated strawberry plantlets.
Speigel, S.; Martin, R. R. Acta-Hortic (308): p.61-68. (1992 Apr.)

Paper presented at the XVth International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Temperate Fruit Crops VIth International Symposium on Small Fruit Virus Diseases, July 8-13, 1991, Vienna, Austria.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; micropropagation-; strawberry-mild-yellow-edge-virus; detection-; grafting-; indicator-plants; fragaria-vesca

32. NAL Call No.: 81-M58
Development and implementation of northeast strawberry IPM.
Cooley, D. R.; Schloemann, S. G. Annu-Rep-Mich-State-Hortic-Soc (121): p.89-99. (1991)

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; integrated-pest-management; fungal-diseases; botrytis-; phytophthora-fragariae; rhizoctonia-; root-rots; disease-control; insect-control; pesticides-; application-rates; massachusetts-

33. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Development of monoclonal antibodies specific for strawberry mild yellow edge potexvirus.
Quail, A. M.; Spiegel, S.; Jelkmann, W. Acta-hortic (385): p.39-45. (1995 Apr.)

Paper presented at the VIIth International Symposium on Small Fruit Virus Diseases held June 27 - July 2, 1994, Rome, Italy.

Descriptors: strawberry-mild-yellow-edge-virus; detection-; monoclonal-antibodies; coat-proteins; product-development; elisa-; rubus-

34. NAL Call No.: QK600.M82
Differentiation of Colletotrichum species responsible for anthracnose of strawberry by arbitrarily primed PCR.
Freeman, S.; Rodriguez, R. J. Mycol-res v.99(pt.4): p.501-504. (1995 Apr.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: colletotrichum-acutatum; glomerella-cingulata; genotypes-; polymerase-chain-reaction; identification-; chemotaxonomy-; fungal-diseases; strain-differences; species-differences

35. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Disease-free plants for management of strawberry anthracnose crown rot.
McInnes, T. B.; Black, L. L.; Gatti, J. M. Jr. Plant-Dis v.76(3): p.260-264. (1992 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; glomerella-cingulata; plant-pathogenic-fungi; disease-resistance; plant-breeding; rootstock-; crop-production; crop- management; tissue-culture; regenerative-ability; cultivars-; louisiana-

36. NAL Call No.: 464.9-C16S
Diseases diagnosed on small fruits and apple submitted to the diagnostic laboratories in 1990. Maladies des petits fruits et du pommier identifiees par le laboratoire de diagnostic en 1990.
Lacroix, M.; Gilbert, G. Can-Plant-Dis-Surv v.71(1): p.51. (1991)

Descriptors: fragaria-; rubus-idaeus; malus-pumila; fungal-diseases; disease-prevalence; bacterial-diseases; quebec-

37. NAL Call No.: 100-C125-2-no.494
Diseases of strawberry : a guide for the commercial grower.
Wilhelm, S. 1. [Berkeley, Calif.] : Division of Agricultural Sciences, University of California, 1961. 26 p., [1] folded leaf of plates : ill. (some col.), Descriptors: Strawberries-Diseases-and-pests-California; Strawberries-Diseases-and-pests-Control-California

38. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P566
Distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes in strawberry and raspberry fields in Quebec.
Belair, G.; Khanizadeh, S. Phytoprotection v.75(2): p.101-107. (1994)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; rubus-idaeus; pratylenchus-; meloidogyne-; paratylenchus-; tylenchus-; trichodorus-; ditylenchus-; helicotylenchus-; tylenchorhynchus-; plant-parasitic-nematodes; population-density; fields-; quebec-

39. NAL Call No.: SB599.P45
DNA sequence variation and interrelationships among Colletotrichum species causing strawberry anthracnose.
Sreenivasaprasad, S.; Brown, A. E.; Mills, P. R. Physiol-Mol-Plant-Pathol v.41(4): p.265-281. (1992 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-pathogenic-fungi; glomerella-cingulata; colletotrichum-acutatum; genetic-variation; genetic-polymorphism; mitochondrial-dna; ribosomal-dna; nucleotide-sequences; heterogeneity-; host-range; molecular-sequence-data; sequence-homology

Abstract: Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of isolates of the strawberry anthracnose pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides were analysed using rDNA from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and mtDNA extracted from C. acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides as probes. These analyses revealed considerable heterogeneity within C. acutatum from diverse hosts. The European strawberry isolates formed a discrete group while the American strawberry isolates fell into a broad group which included isolates from other hosts. No polymorphisms in either rDNA or mtDNA were observed among C. gloeosporioides isolates from strawberry. C. fragariae isolates divided into two groups with distinct rDNA and mtDNA patterns. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis grouped isolates in a similar manner to the mtDNA RFLP analysis. From sequencing data, the internally transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 region of the rDNA repeat unit of C. gloeosporioides, C. fragariae and C. acutatum was shown to be 171, 171 or 172 and 180 or 181 bases, respectively. C. gloeosporioides and C. fragariae differed from one another by only three to seven bases compared with C. acutatum which differed from C. gloeosporioides and C. fragariae by approx. 36-37 bases. ITS 1 data for C. acutatum generally support RFLP and RAPD taxonomies; differences of eight-eleven bases between European strawberry isolates and all other isolates studied being the greatest.

40. NAL Call No.: SB599.B73
Ecology of Deroceras reticulatum (Mull.) (Stylommatophora, Limacidae) in Quebec strawberry fields.
Duval, D.; Banville, G. Monograph-Br-Crop-Prot-Counc (41): p.147-160. (1989)

In the series analytic: Slugs and snails in world agriculture / edited by I. Henderson. Proceedings of a Symposium organized by The British Crop Protection Council with the support of the Malacological Society of London, April 10-12, 1989, University of Surrey, Guildford, England.

Descriptors: fragaria-; deroceras-reticulatum; ecology-; molluscicides-; quebec-

41. NAL Call No.: 23-AU783
The effect of copper supply on vegetative and seed yield of pasture legumes and the field calibration of a tissue test for detecting copper deficiency. II. Strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum L.).
McFarlane, J. D. Aust-J-Agric-Res v.40(4): p.833-841. (1989)
Includes references.

Descriptors: trifolium-fragiferum; copper-fertilizers; trace-element-deficiencies; detection-; seeds-; crop-yield; harvesting-date; south-australia

42. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
The effect of spray irrigation and drip irrigation on yield and diseases of strawberries grown on a very light soil.
Sadowski, C.; Rzekanowski, C. Acta-Hortic (265): p.623-626. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; sprinkler-irrigation; trickle-irrigation; yield-response-functions; infection-; mycosphaerella-fragariae; diplocarpon- earlianum; botrytis-cinerea; poland-

43. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Effect of strawberry density on dispersal of Colletotrichum acutatum by simulated rain.
Boudreau, M. A.; Madden, L. V. Phytopathology v.85(9): p.934-941. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-acutatum; spore-dispersal; conidia-; disease-distribution; inoculum-density; row-spacing; plant-density; rain-; mathematical-models; splash-dispersal

Abstract: Studies were done with a rain simulator to evaluate the influence of plant density, inoculum source location, rain intensity, and their interactions on splash dispersal. Greenhouse-grown strawberry plants were mounted in support structures buried in soil to create artificial two- row canopies with 2-, 3-, 4-, and 8-cm intrarow spacings. Infected fruit placed either within or between the rows provided a source for spore dispersal by simulated rain, which was generated at constant intensities of 15 or 30 mm h-1. Spore deposition, evaluated in sheltered petri plates exposed every 5 min over a period of 46 min, declined with increasing plant density when integrated over time at locations near the source. Deposition also declined with density when integrated over time and space for rows, area between rows, or the whole plot (P < 0.05). Within- row placement of inoculum and lower rain intensity reduced deposition compared to between-row placement and high rain intensity. Deposition gradients on plates between rows were described well by a negative exponential model. Slope parameters of spore deposition gradients between rows were not affected by any of the treatments, but the y-intercept was lowered by increased density, within-row placement of inoculum, and less intense rain (P < 0.05). Results suggest plant density affects both removal of spores from fruit and subsequent transport and may influence dispersal between sources and targets not within the canopy.

44. NAL Call No.: SB599.C35
Effectiveness of honey bees for applying the biocontrol agent Gliocladium roseum to strawberry flowers to suppress Botrytis cinerea.
Peng, G.; Sutton, J. C.; Kevan, P. G. Can-J-Plant-Pathol-Rev-Can-Phytopathol v.14(2): p.117-129. (1992)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; botrytis-cinerea; plant-disease-control; biological-control; gliocladium-roseum; inoculation-methods; honeybees-; apis- mellifera; inoculum-density; spraying-; biological-control-agents

45. NAL Call No.: S587.T47
Effects of pesticides on growth and spore germination of selected Trichoderma species.
Koomen, I.; Cross, J. V.; Berrie, A. M. Tests-agrochem-cultiv (14): p.36-37. (1993 Apr.)

Supplement to Annals of applied biology, volume 122.

Descriptors: fragaria-; rubus-idaeus; botrytis-cinerea; fungal-diseases; plant-disease-control; integrated-pest-management; trichoderma-harzianum; tolypocladium-niveum; biological-control-agents; growth-; spore-germination; pesticides-

46. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Effects of soil moisture and temperature on the survival of Colletotrichum acutatum.
Eastburn, D. M.; Gubler, W. D. Plant-Dis v.76(8): p.841-842. (1992 Aug.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; colletotrichum-acutatum; fungal-diseases; survival-; soil-fungi; soil-temperature; soil-water-content; soil-water-regimes; sandy- loam-soils

47. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Effects of temperature and pathogen isolate on strawberry resistance to anthracnose caused by three species of Colletotrichum.
Denoyes, B. Acta-hortic (348): p.493-495. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-acutatum; glomerella-cingulata; fungal-diseases; disease-resistance; air-temperature; strain-differences

48. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Effects of temperature and wetness duration on sporulation of Botrytis cinerea on strawberry leaf residues.
Sosa Alvarez, M.; Madden, L. V.; Ellis, M. A. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]. June 1995. v. 79 (6) p. 609-615.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; leaves-; crop-residues; botrytis-cinerea; conidia-; sporulation-; environmental-factors; temperature-; moisture-; duration- ; latent-infections; equations-; regression-analysis

Abstract: Disks cut from dead strawberry leaves (autoclaved or air-dried) were inoculated with a conidial suspension of Botrytis cinerea (10(6) conidia per ml) and incubated at various temperatures (T) ranging from 5 to 30 degrees C. Sporulation (conidia per cm2) on leaf disks was determined after exposure to wetness durations (W) of 3 to 11 days. Optimum temperature for sporulation was between 17 and 18 degrees C at all wetness durations. Sporulation levels of 10(5) to 10(7) conidia per cm2 were observed between 15 and 22 degrees C, after 7 days of continuous wetness. As temperature increased or decreased from the optimum, sporulation decreased for the same wetness durations. Very little sporulation was observed at 25 degrees C and no sporulation was observed at 30 degrees C. Logarithmic polynomial models best described the effect of T and W on sporulation of B. cinerea on dead strawberry leaf tissue. Coefficients of determination for data from all repetitions of the experiments were at least 0.81. The latent period of B. cinerea on dead leaf tissue was longest at the lowest temperature (6 to 7 days at 5 degrees C) and decreased to <3 days as temperature increased to the optimum (15 to 22 degrees C). Interrupted wet and dry periods of 5. 12, and 24 h directly affected sporulation. Total hours of wetness and the duration of individual wet periods had the greatest effect on the amount of inoculum produced at 20 degrees C.

49. NAL Call No.: 1.98-Ag84
Elusive bacteria pinpointed with DNA tests.
Stanley, D. Agric-res v.44(6): p.9. (1996 June)

Descriptors: citrus-; fragaria-; xanthomonas-fragariae; xylella-fastidiosa; bacterial-diseases; diagnostic-techniques; identification-; dna-; genetic- analysis; agricultural-research

50. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
European races of Phytophthora fragariae and resistance to them.
Kennedy, D. M.; Duncan, J. M. Acta-hortic (348): p.469-476. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; phytophthora-fragariae; fungal-diseases; physiological-races; geographical-races; disease-resistance; genotypes-; cultivars-; europe-; canada-; usa-

51. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Evaluation of a strawberry scouting program in New Brunswick.
Tremblay, R. Acta-hortic (348): p.483-484. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-pests; insect-pests; fungal-diseases; weeds-; soil-fertility; pesticides-; monitoring-; crop-husbandry; fields-; new- brunswick

52. NAL Call No.: S441.S855
Evaluation of alternative strategies for small fruit production.
Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education SARE or Agriculture in Concert with the Environment ACE research projects. [1988-. 1993. [4] 20 p.

SARE Project Number: 92-08-01. Record includes Northeast SARE Small Fruits Newsletter, a research article, and 3 1/2 inch floppy disk. Reporting period for this report is December 1992 to December 1993.

Descriptors: rubus-idaeus; fragaria-; integrated-pest-management; insect-pests; predatory-mites; plant-pathogenic-fungi; pest-resistance; cropping- systems; cover-crops; plastic-film; low-input-agriculture; sustainability-; biological-control; fungus-control; insect-control; weed-control; crop- yield; efficacy-; pennsylvania-; west-virginia; new-york; maine-; massachusetts-; trellising-

53. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Evaluation of fungicides for control of strawberry fruit rots in Louisiana.
Black, L. L.; McInnes, T. B.; Gatti, J. M. Jr. Adv-Strawberry-Prod. [S.l.] : North American Strawberry Growers Association. 1990. v. 9 p. 33-36.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-disease-control; botrytis-cinerea; gnomonia-; colletotrichum-acutatum; chemical-control; benomyl-; captan-; vinclozolin-; iprodione-; mixtures-; fungicides-; application-rates; louisiana-

54. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Evaluation of methods for controlling Red Core in France for 5 years.
Nourrisseau, J. G.; Baudry, A.; Clerjeau, M. Acta-Hortic (265): p.541-545. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; phytophthora-fragariae; control-methods; planting-stock; certification-; fungicides-; cultivation-; techniques-; france-; sanitary-conditions

55. NAL Call No.: SB599.C35
Evaluation of microorganisms for biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea in strawberry.
Peng, G.; Sutton, J. C. Can-J-Plant-Pathol-Rev-Can-Phytopathol v.13(3): p.247-257. (1991)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; botrytis-cinerea; plant-disease-control; biological-control; biological-control-agents; screening-; gliocladium-roseum; penicillium-; trichoderma-viride; glomerella-cingulata; epicoccum-nigrum; trichothecium-roseum; chemical-control; captan-; disease- prevalence

56. NAL Call No.: SB952.B75I57-1995
Evaluation of some chemical and cultural alternatives to methyl bromide fumigation of soil in a California strawberry production system.
Duniway, J. M.; Gubler, W. D. 1995 annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions / International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions p.40-1-40/2. (1995)

Meeting held on November 6-8, 1995, San Diego, California.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; verticillium-; fungal-diseases; plant-parasitic-nematodes; chemical-control; soil-fumigants; metam-; cultural-control; polyethylene-film; crop-yield; disease-prevalence; california-

57. NAL Call No.: 80-F9464
Evaluation of strawberry cultivars with different degrees of resistance to red stele.
Khanizadeh, S.; Buszard, D.; Lareau, M. J.; Pelletier, R. Fruit-Var-J v.45(1): p.12-17. (1991 Jan.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; varietal-resistance; phytophthora-fragariae; quebec-

58. NAL Call No.: S587.T47
Evaluation of various disinfectants against strawberry red core (Phytophthora fragariae).
Reed, P. J.; Dickens, J. S. W. Tests-agrochem-cultiv (14): p.54-55. (1993 Apr.)

Supplement to Annals of applied biology, volume 122.

Descriptors: fragaria-; phytophthora-fragariae; fungal-diseases; plant-disease-control; disinfectants-; efficacy-

59. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Evaluation of water stress through thermovision.
Pavanelli, D.; Taglioli, G. Acta-Hortic (265): p.405-409. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; greenhouse-culture; irrigation-; treatment-; canopy-; temperature-gradients; water-stress; yield-response-functions

60. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Evidence of a toxin in culture filtrate of Phytophthora fragariae.
Rowland, L. J.; Chartisathian, J.; Maas, J. L.; Galletta, G. J. Acta-hortic (336): p.115-120. (1993 Apr.)

Paper presented at the Second International Symposium on "In Vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding," June 28-July 2, 1992, Baltimore, Maryland.

Descriptors: phytophthora-fragariae; culture-filtrates; fragaria-ananassa; screening-; disease-resistance; explants-; variety-trials

61. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Experiences of chemical and biological control of grey mould of strawberry.
Gullino, M. L.; Aloi, C.; Garibaldi, A. Acta-Hortic (265): p.507-512. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; botrytis-cinerea; chemical-control; biological-control; pathogens-; fungicide-tolerance; disease-control; italy-

62. NAL Call No.: SB354.J48
Field evaluation of fourteen strawberry genotypes in Quebec and their resistance to ten races of Phytophthora fragariae.
Khanizadeh, S.; Pelletier, R.; Lareau, M. J.; Buszard, D. J-small-fruit-vitic v.1(3): p.35-48. (1992)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; phytophthora-fragariae; disease-resistance; genotypes-; variety-trials; crop-yield; crop-quality; roots-; quebec-

63. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Field performance of some new American and Polish strawberry cultivars grown in Poland.
Cieslinski, G.; Klimczak, A.; Smolarz, K. Acta-hortic (348): p.171-176. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; crop-yield; crop-quality; ripening-; maturation-; fungal-diseases; botrytis-cinerea; poland-; usa-

64. NAL Call No.: 80-F9464
Field reactions of strawberry cultivars and selections to anthracnose fruit rot, leather rot and gray mold in Arkansas.
Olcott Reid, B.; Moore, J. N. Fruit-var-j. University Park, Pa., American Pomological Society. Jan 1995. v. 49 (1) p. 4-13.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; varietal-susceptibility; pest-resistance; glomerella-cingulata; botrytis-cinerea; phytophthora-cactorum; plant- pathogenic-fungi; fungal-diseases; fungus-control; plant-disease-control; arkansas-

65. NAL Call No.: 80-F9464
Field resistance of 20 strawberry cultivars to black root rot.
Wing, K. B.; Pritts, M. P.; Wilcox, W. F. Fruit-var-j. University Park, Pa., American Pomological Society. Apr 1995. v. 49 (2) p. 94-98.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; root-rots; disease-resistance; site-factors; plant-pathogenic-fungi

66. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Field spread of anthracnose fruit rot of strawberry in relation to ground cover and ambient weather conditions.
Madden, L. V.; Wilson, L. L.; Ellis, M. A. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]. Sept 1993. v. 77 (9) p. 861-866.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-acutatum; fungal-diseases; epidemiology-; spread-; spore-dispersal; ground-cover; plastic-film; straw-; rain-; weather-; incidence-; plant-disease-control; ohio-; disease-incidence

67. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
First report of charcoal rot of strawberry in France.
Baudry, A.; Morzieres, J. P. Acta-hortic (348): p.485-488. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-acutatum; fungal-diseases; pathogenesis-; mixed-infections; new-geographic-records; france-

68. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Fragaria germplasm at the Canadian Clonal Genebank.
Luffman, M.; Macdonald, P. J. Acta-hortic (348): p.102-108. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-chiloensis; fragaria-ananassa; fragaria-vesca; fragaria-virginiana; gene-banks; germplasm-; cultivars-; fruits-; weight-; fungal- diseases; british-columbia; vancouver-island

69. NAL Call No.: 450-R34
Fragaria multicipita, reduced to the rank of forma.
Catling, P. M.; Cayouette, J.; Postman, J. Rhodora v.97(891): p.245-254. (1995 Summer)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; fragaria-chiloensis; fragaria-virginiana; geographical-distribution; new-combination; plant-morphology; taxonomy-; chromosome-number; mycoplasma-like-organisms; pathogenicity-; symptoms-; quebec-; gragaria-virginiana-ssp; -glauca-f; -multicipita

70. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P; DLC PAR; PPUSDA x
Frequency of benzimidazole- and dicarboximide-resistant strains of Botrytis cinerea in western Oregon small fruit and snap bean plantings.
Johnson, K. B.; Sawyer, T. L.; Powelson, M. L. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]. June 1994. v. 78 (6) p. 572-577.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; vitis-vinifera; rubus-idaeus; phaseolus-vulgaris; rubus-; botrytis-cinerea; strains-; fungicide-tolerance; strain-differences; benzimidazole-fungicides; dicarboximide-fungicides; oregon-; rubus-discolor

71. NAL Call No.: 80-F9464
Fruit firmness, calyx and neck ratings correlated with field fruit rot reactions of nine strawberry cultivars.
Olcott Reid, B.; Moore, J. N. Fruit-var-j. University Park, Pa., American Pomological Society. Jan 1995. v. 49 (1) p. 14-19.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; fruits-; crop-quality; plant-pathogenic-fungi; fungal-diseases; harvesting-date

72. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Fungicidal control of Red Stele in strawberry cultivars differing in resistance to the disease.
Kennedy, D. M.; Duncan, J. M. Adv-Strawberry-Prod. [S.l.] : North American Strawberry Growers Association. 1990. v. 9 p. 25-27.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; varietal-susceptibility; disease-resistance; phytophthora-fragariae; plant-disease-control; chemical-control; metalaxyl-; copper-oxychloride; fosetyl-; mixtures-; genetic-control; crop-yield; fruits-; vigor-

73. NAL Call No.: SB599.C8
Fungicide control of strawberry fruit rots, and the field occurrence of resistance of Botrytis cinerea to iprodione, benomyl and dichlofluanid.
Washington, W. S.; Shanmuganathan, N.; Forbes, C. Crop-Prot v.11(4): p.355-360. (1992 Aug.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-disease-control; botrytis-cinerea; colletotrichum-acutatum; phytophthora-cactorum; rhizopus-stolonifer; chemical- control; benomyl-; dichlofluanid-; fosetyl-; aluminum-; procymidone-; thiram-; fungicides-; fungicide-tolerance; iprodione-; chlorothalonil-; copper-hydroxide; cross-resistance; victoria-; fluazinam-sc-0858

74. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Genetic relationships and cross pathogenicities of Verticillium dahliae isolates from cauliflower and other crops.
Subbarao, K. V.; Chassot, A.; Gordon, T. R.; Hubbard, J. C.; Bonello, P.; Mullin, R.; Okamoto, D.; Davis, R. M.; Koike, S. T. Phytopathology v.85(10): p.1105-1112. (1995 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: cynara-scolymus; gossypium-hirsutum; capsicum-frutescens; pistacia-vera; solanum-tuberosum; fragaria-ananassa; lycopersicon- esculentum; host-parasite-relationships; infectivity-; pathogenicity-; pathotypes-; brassica-oleracea-var; -capitata; verticillium-dahliae; host- specificity; epidemiology-; host-range; rotations-; lactuca-sativa; brassica-chinensis; brassica-oleracea-var; -botrytis; brassica-oleracea-var; - gemmifera; brassica-pekinensis; raphanus-sativus; brassica-oleracea-var; -italica; growth-; temperature-; genetic-analysis; california-

Abstract: Morphologies, genetic relationships, and host specificities of Verticillium dahliae isolates from artichoke, cabbage, cauliflower, cotton, pepper, potato, strawberry, tomato, and watermelon were evaluated. Temperature optima for mycelial growth were evaluated at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees C. Depending on the isolate, temperature optimum was either 20 or 25 degrees C. The length and width of conidia in isolates from crucifer crops were significantly greater than the dimensions of conidia in other isolates. Isolates from artichoke, cabbage, cotton, pepper, potato, strawberry, tomato, and watermelon were tested for their pathogenicity on their host of origin, as well as on cauliflower. In addition, two V. dahliae isolates from cauliflower were tested for their pathogenicity on all the above crops, lettuce, and other crucifer crops such as bok choi, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, napa cabbage, radish, and rapini. All isolates caused wilt on cauliflower. The cauliflower isolates caused various degrees of wilt on all crops except lettuce, but their virulence depended on the host inoculated. Cauliflower isolates were highly virulent on other crucifer crops except broccoli and Brussels sprouts, on which they were only weakly virulent. None of the isolates tested were host specific. Seventeen isolates of V. dahliae from noncruciferous hosts were associated with one of two vegetative compatibility groups. Twelve V. dahliae isolates from cruciferous crops could not be assigned to a vegetative compatibility group because they did not produce nitrate nonutilizing mutants when cultured on chlorate-containing media. This observation may reflect diploidy in the cruciferous isolates, an interpretation which was supported by. rDNA, the V. dahliae isolates from cauliflower were unlike isolates from other hosts.

75. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Germplasm evaluation for resistance to fungus-incited diseases.
Maas, J. L.; Galletta, G. J. Acta-Hortic (265): p.461-472. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; germplasm-; evaluation-; disease-resistance; fungal-diseases; phytophthora-fragariae; verticillium-; colletotrichum-; selection-criteria

76. NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5
Glycanolytic actinomycetes antagonistic to Phytophthora fragariae var. rubi, the causal agent of raspberry root rot.
Valois, D.; Fayad, K.; Barasubiye, T.; Garon, M.; Dery, C.; Brzezinski, R.; Beaulieu, C. Appl-environ-microbiol v.62(5): p.1630-1635. (1996 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: phytophthora-fragariae; fungal-antagonists; actinomycetales-; beta-glucanase-; hydrolysis-; beta-glucan-; cell-walls; cytolysis-; root-rots; fungus-control; fragaria-ananassa; biological-control; soil-inoculation

Abstract: A collection of about 200 actinomycete strains was screened for the ability to grow on fragmented Phytophthora mycelium and to produce metabolites that inhibit Phytophthora growth. Thirteen strains were selected, and all produced beta-1,3-, beta-1,4-, and beta-1,6-glucanases. These enzymes could hydrolyze glucans from Phytophthora cell walls and cause lysis of Phytophthora cells. These enzymes also degraded other glucan substrates, such as cellulose, laminarin, pustulan, and yeast cell walls. Eleven strains significantly reduced the root rot index when inoculated on raspberry plantlets.

77. NAL Call No.: S451.O5O8
Grape, blackberry, strawberry and blueberry insect and disease control--1993.
Whitworth, J.; Von Broembsen, S.; Stacey, B. OSU-curr-rep. Stillwater, Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension Service. Jan 1993. (6221,rev.) 8 p.

Descriptors: small-fruits; insect-control; plant-disease-control; pesticides-; application-rates; application-date; cultural-control; weed-control; oklahoma-

78. NAL Call No.: S451.O5O8
Grape, blackberry, strawberry and blueberry insect and disease control--1995.
Von Broembsen, S.; Stacey, B.; Whitworth, J. OSU-curr-rep. Stillwater, Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension Service. Jan 1995. (6221,rev.) 8 p.

Descriptors: vitis-; vaccinium-; rubus-fruticosus; fragaria-; insect-control; plant-disease-control; insecticides-; fungicides-; application-rates; spraying-

79. NAL Call No.: S540.A2K4
Gray mold of strawberry.
Hershman, D. E. PPA-Univ-Ky-Coop-Ext-Serv. Lexington, Ky. : The Service. Apr 1987. (31) 2 p.

Descriptors: fungal-diseases; strawberries-; botrytis-cinerea; kentucky-

80. NAL Call No.: S544.3.M7M5
Homeowner: strawberry insect and disease control.
Jarratt, J. H.; Killebrew, F. Inf-Sheet-Miss-State-Univ-Coop-Ext-Serv. [Starkville], Cooperative Extension Service, Mississippi State University. Mar 1995. (463) 2 p.

Descriptors: fragaria-; home-gardens; plant-diseases; plant-disease-control; nematoda-; insect-pests; pest-control; mississippi-

81. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Identification of genes for resistance to Phytophthora fragariae in strawberry.
Weg, W. E. v. d.; Giezen, S.; Maas, J. L.; Galletta, G. J. Acta-hortic (348): p.137-138. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; phytophthora-fragariae; genes-; disease-resistance; fungal-diseases; cultivars-

82. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Identification of Xanthomonas fragariae field isolates by rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting.
Opgenorth, D. C.; Smart, C. D.; Louws, F. J.; De Bruijn, F. J.; Kirkpatrick, B. C. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]. Aug 1996. v. 80 (8) p. 868-873.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; xanthomonas-fragariae; strains-; leaf-spotting; light-; isolation-; identification-; rapid-methods; dna-fingerprinting; polymerase-chain-reaction; nucleotide-sequences; elisa-; assays-; pathogenicity-; comparisons-; plant-disease-control; spread-; planting-stock; repetitive-bacterial-sequences; pathogenicity-assays; angular-leaf-spot; strawberry-bacterial-leaf-blight

Abstract: Xanthomonas fragariae, the causal organism of angular leaf spot on cultivated strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa), is an economically important pathogen of nursery stock in California. The ability to reliably detect this pathogen in a timely manner is crucial for the production and timely distribution of disease-free nursery stock. Pathogenicity testing for this disease requires excessive time, and the bacterium grows slowly on standard culture medium. A medium, similar to that used for culturing Xylella fastidiosa, allowed more consistent recovery of X. fragariae from infected strawberry plants. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers that anneal to dispersed repetitive bacterial sequences (rep-PCR), we generated genomic fingerprints of reference strains of X. fragariae (ATCC 33239 and 33240). These fingerprints were used, in turn, to accurately identify X fragariae field isolates collected over the last 5 years from nurseries in California. The rep-PCR fingerprint results agree with pathogenicity test results, require much less time than the pathogenicity test, and have greater specificity than indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for identifying X. fragariae from field plants. For these reasons, rep-PCR is the fastest and most accurate method for the current identification of X. fragariae and it constitutes a useful tool for the production of disease-free strawberry nursery stocks.

83. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Immunocapture polymerase chain reaction assay and ELISA for the detection of strawberry mild yellow edge associated potexvirus.
Kaden Kreuziger, D.; Lamprecht, S.; Martin, R. R.; Jelkmann, W. Acta-hortic (385): p.33-38. (1995 Apr.)

Paper presented at the VIIth International Symposium on Small Fruit Virus Diseases held June 27 - July 2, 1994, Rome, Italy.

Descriptors: strawberry-mild-yellow-edge-virus; detection-; polymerase-chain-reaction; elisa-; rubus-; fragaria-

84. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
In vitro screening of strawberry plant and root cultures for resistance to Phytophthora fragariae and P. cactorum.
Maas, J. L.; Zhong, L.; Galletta, G. J. Acta-hortic (348): p.496-499. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; lycopersicon-esculentum; phytophthora-fragariae; phytophthora-cactorum; disease-resistance; screening-; culture- filtrates; in-vitro-selection; seedlings-; roots-; explants-; mycotoxins-

85. NAL Call No.: QK725.P54
Infection of hairy roots of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus.
Nuutila, A. M.; Vestberg, M.; Kauppinen, V. Plant-cell-rep v.14(8): p.505-509. (1995)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; agrobacterium-rhizogenes; roots-; infectivity-; genetic-transformation; vesicular-arbuscular-mycorrhizas; growth-; symbiosis-; nutrient-uptake; culture-media; in-vitro-culture; glomus-; sporulation-; glomus-; sporulation-; hyphae-; root-nodules; dosage-effects; nutrient-sources; nutrient-requirements; glomus-fistulosum; arbuscules-

Abstract: Hairy root cultures of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) were induced with the Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4. Cultures were maintained on B50 medium but could also grow on a minimal medium, which did not inhibit the growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The growth and nutrient uptake were characterized in shake flasks and in a bioreactor. Spores of the native Finnish arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fistulosum V128 were used to infect strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch. 'Senga Sengana') hairy roots in vitro. During cultivation, vegetative spore formation was observed. At the end of the cultivation, hyphae and arbuscules were observed in the stained roots.

86. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
The influence of Pratylenchus penetrans and temperature on black root rot of strawberry by binucleate Rhizoctonia spp.
LaMondia, J. A.; Martin, S. B. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]. Feb 1989. v. 73 (2) p. 107-110.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; rhizoctonia-; pratylenchus-penetrans; interactions-; root-rots; fungal-diseases; environmental-temperature; air- temperature; pathogenesis-

87. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Inheritance of powdery mildew resistance in greenhouse-grown versus field-grown California strawberry progenies.
Nelson, M. D.; Gubler, W. D.; Shaw, D. V. Phytopathology v.85(4): p.421-424. (1995 Apr.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; sphaerotheca-macularis; disease-resistance; infectivity-; pathogenicity-; inheritance-; plant-breeding; genotypes-; genetic-variation; selection-; field-tests; greenhouse-culture; mathematical-models; equations-; california-; sphaerotheca-macularis-f; sp; -fragariae

Abstract: Seedlings from 17 strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa) progenies were evaluated for resistance to powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca macularis f. sp. fragariae) using controlled greenhouse inoculations and field trials with differing natural infection levels. Genetic differences contributed a large fraction of the phenotypic variance among individuals for both disease incidence (H2 = 0.44-0.71) and disease severity (H2 = 0.70-0.94) in all cases, but the variance attributable to breeding value for these traits varied substantially with infection level (h2 = 0.12-0.90). Likewise, genotypic and breeding value correlations for a single trait scored in different infection environments suggest that different genes may confer resistance with different levels of disease pressure. Greenhouse evaluations corresponded well with rankings obtained under high levels of field infection. However, evaluation of genetic potential only under conditions of extreme infection may ignore valuable components of partial resistance, and should not be used in isolation.

88. NAL Call No.: SB599.C35
Inoculum concentration, leaf age, wetness duration, and temperature in relation to infection of strawberry leaves by Diplocarpon earlianum.
Zheng, J.; Sutton, J. C. Can-J-plant-pathol v.16(3): p.177-186. (1994 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; diplocarpon-earlianum; epidemiology-; leaves-; inoculum-density; leaf-age; air-temperature; moisture-; lesions-; environmental-factors; inoculation-methods; disease-models; mathematical-models; prediction-; infection-; pathogenesis-

Abstract: Inoculum concentration, leaf age, leaf wetness duration, and temperature markedly, and often interactively, affected numbers of lesions produced by Diplocarpon earlianum on strawberry leaves. Incidence of lesions at sites on leaves inoculated with 10-microliter droplets of inoculum increased linearly with concentration of the inoculum (0 to 1 X 10(4) conidia/mL). Density of lesions on leaves sprayed with spore suspensions containing 0 to 8 X 10(4) conidia/mL increased in a pattern resembling a saturation curve. Number of lesions increased quadratically and diameter of lesions increased linearly with leaf age. Density of lesions increased quadratically with wetness duration at 10-30 degrees C. In some conditions of persistent wetness (greater than or equal to 24 h) at 20-30 degrees C, lesion density peaked then markedly declined. Minimum wetness duration for infection ranged from 5 to 15 h, depending on leaf age and temperature. Density of lesions at 20 degrees C was near optimum after 21 h wetness in leaves 9-10, 15-17, and 22-24-days-old, and after 34 h in leaves 2-3 days old. Density of lesions in leaves 15-16 days old was high after 18 h wetness at 15-30 degrees C and after 24 h wetness at 10 degrees C. Observations of infection under various wetness and temperature conditions in the field generally agreed with those under controlled conditions. A polynomial model was developed that predicted lesion density effectively under controlled conditions and was moderately effective in the field.

89. NAL Call No.: SB608.S85I57--1994
Integrated pest management for strawberries. IPM for strawberries.
University of California Integrated Pest Management Program. Oakland, Calif. : University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1994, c1993. 142 p. : ill. (some col.), Spine title: IPM for strawberries.

Descriptors: Strawberries-Diseases-and-pests-Integrated-control-California; Strawberries-Diseases-and-pests-California; Agricultural-pests-Integrated- control-California

90. NAL Call No.: QH301.N32
Integration of chitin-degrading microbes into biological control system for fusarium wilt of strawberry.
Ouchi, S.; Toyoda, H.; Morimoto, M.; Kurusu, T.; Matsuda, Y.; Goto, S.; Fukamizo, T. NATO-ASI-Ser-Ser-A-Life-Sci. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press. 1992. v. 230 p. 335-339.

In the series analytic: Biological control of plant diseases: progress and challenges for the future / edited by E.C. Tjamos, G.C. Papavizas and R.J. Cook. Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop, May 19-24, 1991, Cape Sounion, Athens, Greece.

Descriptors: fragaria-; fusarium-oxysporum; wilts-; biological-control; fungus-control; growth-inhibitors; soil-amendments; chitin-; soil-bacteria; streptomyces-

91. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Investigations of micosis biology, ecology and control on strawberry in Romania.
Teodorescu, G. Acta-Hortic (265): p.569-574. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fungal-diseases; botrytis-cinerea; sphaerotheca-macularis; phytophthora-cactorum; mycosphaerella-fragariae; biology-; ecology-; disease-control; romania-

92. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Isozyme comparisons for identification of Colletotrichum species pathogenic to strawberry.
Bonde, M. R.; Peterson, G. L.; Maas, J. L. Phytopathology v.81(12): p.1523-1528. (1991 Dec.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; colletotrichum-acutatum; glomerella-cingulata; isoenzymes-; comparisons-; colletotrichum-coccodes; colletotrichum-trifolii; chemotaxonomy-; pathogenicity-; host-specificity; loci-; identification-; characterization-

Abstract: Presently there is uncertainty about the appropriate taxonomic classification of species of Colletotrichum infecting strawberry. Some workers consider C. fragariae part of the highly variable species C. gloeosporioides, whereas others feel they should be separate. The strawberry pathogens C. acutatum, C. fragariae, and C. gloeosporioides were successfully distinguished by means of comparing isozymes for 12 enzymes and 14 putative isozyme loci. The intraspecific coefficients of similarity (CS) based on the 12 enyzmes and 14 loci were 1.00 for C. acutatum (maximum possible = 1.00), 1.00 for C. fragariae, and 0.80 for C. gloeosporioides. Intraspecific CS values indicated little variation in C. acutatum and C. fragariae; however there was considerable variation in C. gloeosporioides. The interspecific CS comparing C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides was relatively low (0.42), suggesting C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides are distinct species. The considerably higher CS of 0.77 when comparing C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides suggests that they are more closely related. C. coccodes (= C. atramentarium) and C. trifolii also were included in the comparison. Neither exhibited intraspecific isozyme variation and further demonstrated the great potential for isozyme analysis to identify Colletotrichum species.

93. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Leaf tipburn on strawberry.
Coosemans, J. Acta-Hortic (265): p.489-496. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; leaves-; tipburn-; symptoms-; calcium-; deficiency-; boron-; runners-; production-; techniques-; environmental-factors; belgium-

94. NAL Call No.: SB950.A2B74
Management of strawberry grey mould with fungicides targeted against inoculum in crop residues.
Braun, P. G.; Sutton, J. C. Brighton-Crop-Prot-Conf-Pests-Dis. Surrey : British Crop Protection Council. 1986. v. 3 p. 915-921.

Paper presented at the British Crop Protection Conference, Pests and Diseases, November 17-20, 1986, Brighton, England.

Descriptors: fragaria-; botrytis-cinerea; propionic-acid; chlorothalonil-; myclozolin-; fungus-control; ontario-

95. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Marginal chlorosis, a new disease of strawberries associated with a bacteriumlike organism.
Nourrisseau, J. G.; Lansac, M.; Garnier, M. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]. Oct 1993. v. 77 (10) p. 1055-1059.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-pathogenic-bacteria; bacterial-diseases; etiology-; chlorosis-; symptoms-; detection-; phloem-; characterization-

96. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Methodological base of strawberry breeding in Russia for fungal pathogen resistance.
Govorova, G. Acta-hortic (348): p.458-462. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-breeding; disease-resistance; verticillium-dahliae; fungal-diseases; inheritance-; russia-

97. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Methods for estimating the resistance of strawberry plants to Verticillium dahliae Kleb., Rhizoctonai fragariae Husain and McKeen, and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.
Nipoti, P.; Finessi, L.; Manzali, D.; Gavina, F. Acta-Hortic (265): p.609-613. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; evaluation-; techniques-; disease-resistance; verticillium-dahliae; rhizoctonia-fragariae; rhizoctonia-solani; symptoms-; italy-

98. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Methods of controlling anthracnose infection of strawberry.
Batta, Y.; Nourrisseau, J. G.; Clerjeau, M. Acta-Hortic (265): p.591-594. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; gloeosporium-; infection-; techniques-; france-

99. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Modern approaches to strawberry virus research.
Converse, R. H. Acta-Hortic (308): p.19-30. (1992 Apr.)

Paper presented at the XVth International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Temperate Fruit Crops VIth International Symposium on Small Fruit Virus Diseases, July 8-13, 1991, Vienna, Austria.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-viruses; research-

100. NAL Call No.: SB976.M55S97--1988
Monitoring of the winter 1987 field release of genetically engineered bacteria in Contra Costa County.
Supkoff, D. M.; Bezark, L.; Opgenorth, D.; Biological Control Services Program (Calif.). Sacramento, Calif. : Biological Control Services Program, State of California, Dept. of Food and Agriculture, Division of Pest Management, Environmental Monitoring and Pest Management, 1988. v, 55 p. : ill., maps, "August 1988"--Cover.

Descriptors: Microbial-pesticides-California-Contra-Costa-County; Strawberries-Frost-protection-California-Contra-Costa-County; Genetic- engineering-California; Bacteria-California-Contra-Costa-County

101. NAL Call No.: 100--N81-2-no.306
A monograph of Phytophthora fragariae and the red stele disease of strawberry.
Milholland, R. D. R. D.; North Carolina Agricultural Research Service. Raleigh, N.C. : North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, North Carolina State University, [1994] iv, 35 p. : ill. (some col.), "October, 1994."

Descriptors: Phytophthora-; Strawberries-Diseases-and-pests

102. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P692
Multiple fungicide resistance to benzimidazoles, dicarboximides and diethofencarb in field isolates of Botrytis cinerea in Israel.
Elad, Y.; Yunis, H.; Katan, T. Plant-Pathol v.41(1): p.41-46. (1992 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: cucumis-sativus; lycopersicon-esculentum; fragaria-ananassa; greenhouse-culture; botrytis-cinerea; strains-; fungicide-tolerance; benzimidazole-fungicides; dicarboximide-fungicides; carbamate-pesticides; pesticide-mixtures; israel-

103. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Mycoplasam-like organisms in different strawberry varieties in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy.
Pisi, A.; Vicchi, V. Acta-Hortic (265): p.615-618. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; mycoplasma-like-organisms; symptoms-; infection-; disease-vectors; empoasca-; hosts-of-plant-diseases; trifolium- repens; catharanthus-roseus; italy-; empoasca-solani; emelyanoviana-mollicula

104. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) inversion recovery spin echo microimaging of fungus infections in strawberry fruit.
Maas, J. L.; Line, M. J. Acta-hortic (398): p.241-247. (1995 Mar.)

Paper presented at the XXIVth International Horticultural Congress on Postharvest Physiology of Fruits held August 21-27, 1994, Kyoto, Japan.

Descriptors: strawberries-; botrytis-cinerea; colletotrichum-acutatum; phytophthora-cactorum; plant-pathogenic-fungi; infections-; imagery-; nuclear- magnetic-resonance

105. NAL Call No.: QR360.A1J6
The nucleotide sequence and genome organization of strawberry mild yellow edge-associated potexvirus.
Jelkmann, W.; Maiss, E.; Martin, R. R. J-Gen-Virol v.73(pt.2): p.475-479. (1992 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberry-mild-yellow-edge-virus; potexvirus-group; coat-proteins; dna-; nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences; genomes-; molecular-sequence-data

Abstract: The nucleotide sequence (5966 nucleotides) of cDNA clones of strawberry mild yellow edge-associated potexvirus was determined. The genome contains six open reading frames (ORFs) encoding putative proteins with Mrs of 149423, 25344, 11576, 8079, 25714 and 11216. In the first three putative proteins and the coat protein considerable similarity was found to comparable polypeptides of the potexviruses potato virus X, clover yellow mosaic virus, narcissus mosaic virus, papaya mosaic virus, white clover mosaic virus and lily virus X.

106. NAL Call No.: QR360.A1J6
The nucleotide sequence of a satellite RNA associated with strawberry latent ringspot virus.
Kreiah, S.; Cooper, J. I.; Strunk, G. J-Gen-Virol v.74(pt.6): p.1163-1165. (1993 June)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberry-latent-ringspot-virus; rna-; nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences; molecular-sequence-data; genbank; x69826-

Abstract: The nucleotide sequence of a satellite RNA associated with a strawberry isolate (H) of strawberry latent ringspot nepovirus (SLRSV) was determined from cDNA copies and the 5' end sequence was deduced from directly sequenced virion RNA. At the 3' end a poly(A) sequence was identified. A long open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 331 amino acids (Mr 36488) was determined. Sequence comparisons showed that SLRSV satellite RNA has no extensive homology with other sequences in the GenEmbl and Swiss-Prot databases.

107. NAL Call No.: QR360.A1J6
Nucleotide sequence of the coat protein genes of strawberry latent ringspot virus: lack of homology to the nepoviruses and comoviruses.
Everett, K. R.; Milne, K. S.; Forster, R. L. S. J-gen-virol v.75(pt.7): p.1821-1825. (1994 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberry-latent-ringspot-virus; genes-; coat-proteins; dna-; clones-; nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences; molecular-sequence-data; genbank; x75165-

Abstract: The sequence of the 3'-terminal 2424 nucleotides of RNA-2 of the flowering cherry strain of strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRV) was determined from cDNA clones. The sequence contains a reading frame in the virus-sense strand of 2070 nucleotides, a 3' untranslated region of 552 nucleotides and a 3'-terminal poly(A) tract. The positions of the two coat proteins of SLRV within the reading frame were determined from sequence data obtained by N-terminal sequencing using Edman degradation. The larger coat protein with an Mr of 43K is located 5' of the smaller coat protein of 27K, and the two proteins are apparently cleaved at a Ser-Gly bond. Although there are numerous similarities between SLRV and the nepoviruses and comoviruses, there is no significant homology between the SLRV coat proteins and the coat proteins of either group. Furthermore, the hydropathy profiles of the SLRV coat proteins are unlike those of either group. No comparisons could be made with the fabaviruses owing to lack of sequencing information. This lack of homology suggests that SLRV is more distantly related to the nepoviruses and comoviruses than has been considered previously.

108. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Objectives and methods of the strawberry breeding program sponsored by the CIREF.
Roudeillac, P. Acta-hortic (348): p.117-123. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-breeding; breeding-programs; agronomic-characteristics; disease-resistance; fungal-diseases; colletotrichum- acutatum; phytophthora-cactorum; france-

109. NAL Call No.: 464.9-C16S
Occurrence of anthracnose fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum on day-neutral strawberries in Manitoba.
Xue, A. G.; Davidson, C. G. Can-plant-dis-surv v.75(2): p.185-189. (1995)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; colletotrichum-acutatum; plant-pathogenic-fungi; infections-; fruits-; fungal-diseases; incidence-; disease- surveys; manitoba-

110. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Occurrence of strawberry mild yellow-edge associated virus in wild Fragaria chiloensis in South America.
Hepp, R. F.; Martin, R. R. Acta-Hortic (308): p.57-59. (1992 Apr.)

Paper presented at the XVth International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Temperate Fruit Crops VIth International Symposium on Small Fruit Virus Diseases, July 8-13, 1991, Vienna, Austria.

Descriptors: fragaria-chiloensis; clones-; strawberry-mild-yellow-edge-virus; fragaria-vesca; grafting-; chile-

111. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Occurrence of the strawberry pathotype of Alternaria alternata in Italy.
Wada, H.; Cavanni, P.; Bugiani, R.; Kodama, M.; Otani, H.; Kohmoto, K. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]. Apr 1996. v. 80 (4) p. 372-374.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; alternaria-alternata; strains-; pathotypes-; fungal-diseases; leaf-spotting; etiology-; conidia-; fungal- morphology; fungal-spores; toxic-exudates; spore-germination; phytotoxicity-; necroses-; leaves-; mycotoxins-; host-range; italy-; af-toxin-1

Abstract: Recently in Italy, Alternaria black spot-like symptoms were observed on leaves and petioles of the strawberry cultivars Cesena, Dana, and Miss. The pathogen was identified as Alternaria alternata based on conidial morphology. Isolates of the fungus from Italy were pathogenic to susceptible cultivars of Japanese pear as well as strawberry among differential plants used to determine susceptibility to host-specific Alternaria toxins. Bioassay and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the fungus released host-specific AF-toxin I during spore germination. These data strongly suggest that the outbreak of Alternaria black spot of strawberry in Italy is caused by the strawberry pathotype of A. alternata.

112. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
'Oka' strawberry.
Khanizadeh, S.; Lareau, M.; Buszard, D.; Bagnara, D. HortScience v.27(4): p.374-375. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; germplasm-releases; agronomic-characteristics; pedigree-; crop-yield; disease-resistance; plant-breeding; fruit-; quebec-; fruit-breeding

113. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Overwinter survival of Colletotrichum acutatum in infected strawberry fruit in Ohio.
Wilson, L. L.; Madden, L. V.; Ellis, M. A. Plant-Dis v.76(9): p.948-950. (1991 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-acutatum; overwintering-; survival-; fruits-; surface-layers; subsurface-layers; freezing-; air-temperature; soil-temperature; precipitation-; winter-; ohio-

114. NAL Call No.: QK600.M82
A papillate Phytophthora species with specificity to Rubus.
Kennedy, D. M.; Duncan, J. M. Mycol-res v.99(pt.1): p.57-68. (1995 Jan.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: phytophthora-; plant-pathogenic-fungi; new-species; taxonomy-; fungal-morphology; growth-; pathogenicity-; proteins-; fungal-diseases; rubus-idaeus; malus-pumila; fragaria-ananassa; comparisons-; phytophthora-cactorum; phytophthora-citricola; phytophthora-idaei

115. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Phytophthora cactorum resistance evaluation in the susceptible strawberry cv. Pajaro of petal and receptacle regenerants with an ion leakage method.
Carli, A.; Pellicano, D.; Me/ind.; Mezzetti, B.; Rosati, P. Acta-hortic (348): p.422-426. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; phytophthora-cactorum; disease-resistance; screening-; mycotoxins-; culture-filtrates; phytotoxicity-; ions-; leakage-; leaves-; explants-; corolla-; plant-; regeneration-

116. NAL Call No.: 450-P5622
Polyphenol production in hairy root cultures of Fragaria X ananassa.
Motomori, Y.; Shimomura, K.; Mori, K.; Kunitake, H.; Nakashima, T.; Tanaka, M.; Miyazaki, S.; Ishimaru, K. Phytochemistry-Oxford v.40(5): p.1425-1428. (1995 Nov.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; agrobacterium-rhizogenes; roots-; cell-culture; biosynthesis-; polyphenols-; tannins-; flavonoids-; catechin-; cyanidin-; culture-media; growth-rate; plant-composition; leaves-; petioles-; calyx-; molecular-conformation; pedunculagin-; taxifolin-; receptacle-; molecular-structure

Abstract: Hairy roots of Fragaria X ananassa cv. Reikou, induced with Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834, grew well in hormone-free Murashige-Skoog (MS), root culture and Gamborg B5 liquid media. Particularly, in MS medium, hairy roots showed maximum growth (539 mg per flask, dry wt at week 8) producing high contents of polyphenols (especially (+)-catechin (0.59% dry wt at week 8) and procyanidin B-3 (0.80% dry wt at week 7). Polyphenol contents in the intact plant (leaf blade, petiole, calyx, receptacle and root) were also investigated.

117. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Polypropylene row cover in pesticide-free production of strawberry in Finland.
Dalman, P.; Parikka, P.; Touvinen, T. Acta-hortic (348): p.489-492. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; covers-; polypropylenes-; fungal-diseases; botrytis-cinerea; sphaerotheca-macularis; gnomonia-; incidence-; infestation-; anthonomus-rubi; crop-yield; finland-; gnomonia-comari

118. NAL Call No.: SB950.A2B74
Pre-planting prediction of strawberry wilt (Verticillium dahliae) risk as an aid in disease management.
Harris, D. C.; Yang, J. Brighton-Crop-Prot-Conf-Pests-Dis. Surrey : British Crop Protection Council. 1990. v. 1 p. 117-122.

Meeting held November 19-22, 1990, Brighton, England.

Descriptors: fragaria-; verticillium-dahliae; detection-; disease-prevalence; soil-analysis; disease-prevention

119. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Preliminary studies and trials to control anthranose fruit rots on everbearing strawberries.
Roudeillac, P.; Reulet, P.; Morziers, J. P.; Bardet, A.; Baudry, A.; Nourissearu, J. G.; Arthaud, J. Acta-Hortic (265): p.619-622. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-; gloeosporium-; symptoms-; plant-organs; susceptibility-; fungicides-; disease-control; france-

120. NAL Call No.: 450-C16
Prevention of shoot vitrification of strawberry micropropagated shoots proliferated on liquid media by new antivitrifying agents.
Hdidfer, C.; Desjardins, Y. Can-J-Plant-Sci-Rev-Can-Phytotech v.73(1): p.231-235. (1993 Jan.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; culture-media; micropropagation-; shoots-; vitrification-; prevention-

121. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Problems of resistance in Belgian strawberry culture.
Bal, E.; Gilles, G.; Creemers, P. Acta-Hortic (265): p.473-482. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; fungal-diseases; pathogens-; fungicide-tolerance; botrytis-cinerea; sphaerotheca-macularis; alternaria- alternata; phytophthora-cactorum; belgium-

122. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
The production of certified strawberry mother plants for commercial runner production.
Beech, M.; Stickels, J. Acta-Hortic (265): p.483-488. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; purity-; planting-stock; certification-; plant-protection; insect-pests; plant-diseases; england-

123. NAL Call No.: SB608.S85P76-1992
Protect your strawberries. 2nd ed.
Broadley, R. H. Brisbane, Qld. : Dept. of Primary Industries, c1992. vi, 82 p. : ill., "AGDEX 224/620"--T.p. verso.

Descriptors: Strawberries-Diseases-and-pests-Australia-Queensland

124. NAL Call No.: 275.29-W27P
Protecting strawberries from birds--with netting and mylar tape.
Askham, L. R. Ext-Bull-Wash-State-Univ-Coop-Ext-Serv. Pullman, Wash. : The Service. Mar 1992. (1641,rev.) 2 p.

Descriptors: fragaria-; bird-control; netting-; bird-scarers

125. NAL Call No.: 275.29-W27P
Protecting strawberries from birds with netting and mylar tape.
Askham, L. R. Ext-Bull-Wash-State-Univ-Coop-Ext-Serv. Pullman, Wash. : The Service. Dec 1991. (1641) 2 p.

Descriptors: fragaria-; bird-control; bird-scarers; netting-

126. NAL Call No.: QK600.M82
Rapid identification of benomyl resistant strains of Botrytis cinerea using the polymerase chain reaction.
Luck, J. E.; Gillings, M. R. Mycol-res v.99(pt. 12): p.1483-1488. (1995 Dec.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: botrytis-cinerea; benomyl-; fungicide-tolerance; strains-; detection-; polymerase-chain-reaction; tubulin-; mutations-; alleles-; structural- genes; nucleotide-sequences; dna-; restriction-endonucleases; enzyme-activity; fungal-diseases; vitis-vinifera; fragaria-ananassa; point-mutations; allele-specific-polymerase-chain-reaction; beta-tubulin-; dna-primers; molecular-sequence-data

127. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P; DLC PAR; PPUSDA x
Rapid identification of Xanthomonas fragariae in infected strawberry leaves by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Rowhani, A.; Feliciano, A. J.; Lips, T.; Gubler, W. D. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]. Mar 1994. v. 78 (3) p. 248-250.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; xanthomonas-fragariae; detection-; identification-; rapid-methods; bacterial-diseases; crown-; elisa-; crown-rot; indirect-elisa

128. NAL Call No.: 442.8-An72
The relationship between colonisation and crown rot symptoms in strawberry plants infected with Phytophthora cactorum.
Pettitt, T. R.; Pegg, G. F. Ann-appl-biol v.125(2): p.267-277. (1994 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; phytophthora-cactorum; fungal-diseases; colonization-; infection-; symptoms-; necroses-; varietal-susceptibility; temperature-; environmental-factors; culture-techniques; comminution-dilution-plating-technique

129. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Relationship between strawberry gray mold incidence, environmental variables, and fungicide applications during different periods of the fruiting season.
Wilcox, W. F.; Seem, R. C. Phytopathology v.84(3): p.264-270. (1994 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; botrytis-cinerea; fruits-; pathogenicity-; environmental-factors; application-rates; developmental-stages; dicarboximide- fungicides; interactions-; plant-disease-control; application-date; vinclozolin-

Abstract: Incidence of gray mold (caused by Botrytis cinerea) on harvested strawberry fruit was evaluated with respect to environmental influences and fungicide regimes over four consecutive years. Disease incidence at harvest was correlated with the average daily values of 13 environmental variables during four discrete periods (or combinations thereof); these periods occurred from bloom until harvest and were defined by the timing of fungicide applications in designated treatments. Correlation coefficients in sprayed plots were determined with a variable weighting factor that most accurately accounted for fungicide influence on individual environmental variable X spray period combinations. Two bloom sprays provided the same annual level of control as four to five sprays from bloom through harvest, whereas applications made only after bloom provided relatively little control. Similarly, disease incidence was correlated strongly with environmental variables measured during the bloom period, particularly the durations of relative humidity >80% and >90% and surface wetness at 15-25 C. Environmental factors after bloom were correlated much more weakly with disease incidence, with the exception of vapor pressure deficit (negative correlation) and rainfall during periods defined by the first postbloom spray. Optimum fungicide weighting factors (0.0 full fungicide effect, complete negation of environmental influence; 1.0 no fungicide effect, full influence of environmental variable) were 0.5-0.8 for those variables with the highest correlation coefficients during bloom but were 1.0 for the most influential variables during periods after bloom.

130. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Relationships between fruit mineral content and the albinism disorder in 'Elsanta' strawberry plants.
Lieten, F.; Marcelle, R. Acta-hortic (348): p.294-298. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; albinos-; plant-disorders; mineral-content; nitrogen-content; calcium-; potassium-; ammonium-nitrate; silicon-; nutrient-nutrient-interactions

131. NAL Call No.: 442.8-An72
Relationships between fruit mineral content and the "albinism" disorder in strawberry.
Lieten, F.; Marcelle, R. D. Ann-appl-biol v.123(2): p.433-439. (1993 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; strawberries-; albinism-; mineral-content; ripening-; firmness-; senescence-

132. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Relative resistance of 47 strawberry cultivars to powdery mildew in California greenhouse and field environments.
Nelson, M. D.; Gubler, W. D.; Shaw, D. V. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]. Mar 1996. v. 80 (3) p. 326-328.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; sphaerotheca-macularis; fungal-diseases; germplasm-; screening-; varietal-susceptibility; genetic-resistance; disease-resistance; genetic-variation; phenotypes-; genotype-environment-interaction; field-experimentation; greenhouse-culture; california-; sphaerotheca-macularis-f; -sp; -fragariae

Abstract: Forty-seven strawberry cultivars were screened for relative powdery mildew resistance in greenhouse, fruit production field, and propagation nursery trials. Genetic differences contributed a large fraction of the phenotypic variance among cultivars for powdery mildew severity in all three screening environments (plot-mean H(2) = 0.89-0.93). Powdery mildew reactions were expressed similarly, but not completely, in all three test environments, and greenhouse screening may provide a valuable first step in identifying field-resistant genotypes. Because this trait is highly heritable, considerable potential exists for developing new cultivars with enhanced resistance, and reducing reliance on chemical fungicides for strawberry powdery mildew control.

133. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P566
Relative susceptibility of five strawberry cultivars to Meloidogyne hapla under three soil water deficit levels.
Khanizadeh, S.; Belair, G.; Lareau, M. J. Phytoprotection v.75(3): p.133-137. (1994)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; meloidogyne-hapla; cultivars-; varietal-susceptibility; water-deficit; galls-; roots-; fecundity-; population-density; nematode-larvae; plant-development

134. NAL Call No.: SB952.B75I57-1995
Research in the plant pathology department University of California Riverside on statewide methyl bromide alternative.
Coffey, M. D.; Paulus, A. O.; Westerlund, F.; Forster, H.; Krueger, H.; Placentia, M.; Rich, P.; Estrada, A. S.; Vilchez, M. 1995 annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions / International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions p.33-1-33/5. (1995)

Meeting held on November 6-8, 1995, San Diego, California.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-pathogenic-fungi; plant-disease-control; methyl-bromide; 1,3-dichloropropene-; chloropicrin-; pesticide-mixtures; fumigation-; efficacy-; california-

135. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Research on screening methods for resistance to Phytophthora fragariae in strawberry.
Weg, W. E. v. d.; Giezen, S.; Maas, J. L.; Galletta, G. J. Acta-hortic (348): p.513-514. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; glomerella-cingulata; fungal-diseases; disease-resistance; screening-; cultivars-; physiological-races

136. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Research on the root rot complex of strawberry plants.
D'Ercole, N.; Nipoti, P.; Manzali, D. Acta-Hortic (265): p.497-506. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; root-rots; fungal-diseases; symptoms-; classification-; pathogens-; microbiology-; analysis-; pathogenicity-; biological- control; italy-

137. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Resistance in strawberry to races of Phytophthora fragariae and to isolates of Verticillium from North America.
Maas, J. L.; Galletta, G. J.; Draper, A. D. Acta-Hortic (265): p.521-526. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; variety-trials; disease-resistance; phytophthora-fragariae; verticillium-; races-; usa-; isolates-

138. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in pistillate genotypes of the cultivated strawberry Fragaria ananassa.
Simpson, D. W. J-Hortic-Sci v.66(6): p.719-723. (1991 Nov.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; gynoecium-; genotypes-; evaluation-; disease-resistance; botrytis-cinerea; england-; hermaphrodite-flowers; pistillata-flowers

139. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Rhizoctonia disease in propagation material and field grown strawberry.
Razik, A. A.; Grinstein, A.; Katan, J. Acta-Hortic (265): p.579-585. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; rhizoctonia-; pathogenicity-; greenhouse-culture; field-experimentation; symptoms-; control-methods; israel-

140. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Screening strawberries for resistance to Colletotrichum acutatum in North Carolina.
Ballington, J. R.; Milholland, R. D. Acta-hortic (348): p.442-448. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-acutatum; fungal-diseases; disease-resistance; screening-; genotypes-; pathogenicity-; virulence-; north- carolina

141. NAL Call No.: QK725.P54
Selection for Fusarium wilt disease resistance from regenerants derived from leaf callus of strawberry.
Toyoda, H.; Horikoshi, K.; Yamano, Y.; Ouchi, S. Plant-Cell-Rep v.10(4): p.167-170. (1991)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fusarium-oxysporum; disease-resistance; plant-breeding; selection-; callus-; in-vitro-culture; regenerative-ability; fusarium-oxysporum-f; sp; -fragariae

Abstract: Resistant lines of strawberry to the fungal wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae were selected strawberry plants regenerated from leaf-derived callus tissues. Regenerants were transplanted to a field heavily infested with this pathogen, and normally growing plants were selected as the putative resistant lines. Daughter plants produced vegetatively through runner formation of the lines were similarly tested in the pathogen-infested field over an additional three generations. Finally, two resistant lines were obtained from a total of 1,225 regenerants. The stable propagation of disease resistance in these lines was confirmed by directly inoculating the daughter plants with the pathogen and planting in a pathogen-infested soil. All of the control plants were efficiently infected and died within one month. The isolated plant lines grew and developed runners even after direct inoculation and produced daughter plants in this soil. Thus, the present study demonstrated the existence of somaclonal variation for disease resistance against a soil-borne fungal pathogen.

142. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Selection in strawberry with resistance to Phytophthora root rot for hydroponics.
Amimoto, K. Acta-Hortic v.1(319): p.273-278. (1992 Oct.)

Paper presented at the "International Symposium on Transplant Production Systems: Biological, Engineering and Socioeconomic Aspects," July 21-26, 1992, Yokohama, Japan.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; in-vitro-culture; selection-criteria; disease-resistance; phytophthora-nicotianae-var; -parasitica

143. NAL Call No.: QR360.A1J6
Sequence analysis and location of capsid proteins within RNA 2 of strawberry latent ringspot virus.
Kreiah, S.; Strunk, G.; Cooper, J. I. J-gen-virol v.75(pt.9): p.2527-2532. (1994 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberry-latent-ringspot-virus; rna-; genomes-; genes-; coat-proteins; nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences; chemotaxonomy-; molecular-sequence-data; genbank; x77466-

Abstract: The nucleotide sequence of the RNA 2 of a strawberry isolate (H) of strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV) comprised 3824 nucleotides and contained one long open reading frame with a theoretical coding capacity of 890 amino acids equivalent to a protein of 98.8K. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of virion-derived proteins were determined by Edman degradation allowing the capsid coding regions to be located and serine/glycine cleavage sites to be identified within the polyprotein. The amino acid sequence in the capsid coding region of an isolate of SLRSV from flowering cherry in New Zealand was 97% identical to that of SLRSV-H. Except in the 3' and 5' terminal non-coding sequences, computer-based alignment and comparison algorithms did not reveal any substantial homologies between RNA 2 of SLRSV-H and the equivalent genomic segments in the nepoviruses arabis mosaic, cherry leaf roll, grapevine fanleaf, raspberry ringspot, grapevine hungarian chrome mosaic, tomato blackring, tomato ringspot, tobacco ringspot, or in the comoviruses cowpea mosaic and red clover mottle. Despite the similarities in overall genome organization. data from RNA 2 remain insufficient for unambiguous positioning of SLRSV in relation to species/genera in the Comoviridae.

144. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Serological detection of strawberry mild yellow edge associated virus.
Jawee, A.; Adams, A. N. Acta-hortic (385): p.98-104. (1995 Apr.)

Paper presented at the VIIth International Symposium on Small Fruit Virus Diseases held June 27 - July 2, 1994, Rome, Italy.

Descriptors: strawberry-mild-yellow-edge-virus; detection-; immunological-techniques; efficacy-

145. NAL Call No.: 450-C16
Settler strawberry.
Dale, A.; Vandenberg, A. A.; Ricketson, C. L.; Wang, S. L. Can-J-Plant-Sci-Rev-Can-Phytotech v.72(2): p.555-557. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; crop-yield; disease-resistance; verticillium-albo-atrum; ontario-

146. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Soil solarization and fumigation of strawberry plots.
Razik, A. A.; Grinstein, A.; Zeydan, O.; Rubin, B.; Tal, A.; Katan, J. Acta-Hortic (265): p.586-590. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; soil-bacteria; soil-fungi; soilborne-viruses; pathogens-; disease-control; weed-control; soil-treatment; solar-radiation; fumigation-; yield-response-functions; israel-

147. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Solarization is an effective soil disinfestation technique for strawberry production.
Hartz, T. K.; DeVay, J. E.; Elmore, C. L. HortScience v.28(2): p.104-106. (1993 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; soil-solarization; metam-; methyl-bromide; chloropicrin-; soil-fumigation; fungal-diseases; phytophthora-cactorum; verticillium-dahliae; soil-temperature; soil-depth; crop-yield; weed-control; plant-disease-control; california-

Abstract: Soil solarization, alone and combined with metam sodium (MS), was evaluated as an alternative to methyl bromide and chloropicrin (MBC) fumigation, the standard soil disinfestation technique in the California strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) industry. Tests were conducted in two consecutive annual production cycles in Irvine, Calif., an environment representative of the coastal strawberry production area. Solarization treatments were applied from late July through September for October plantings. Treatments were equally effective in reducing baited populations of phytophthora cactorum [(Lebert and Cohn) J. Schrot] (1989-90) and P. citricola Sawada (1990-91) when compared to pathogen survival in nontreated soil. Solarization and MBC reduced Verticillium dahliae Kleb inoculum in 1989-90, but MBC gave superior control in 1990-91. Solarization significantly controlled annual weeds, but was less effective than MBC. In 1989-90, solarization alone increased strawberry yield 12% over the yield of nontreated plots; when combined with MS, yield increase was 29%, equivalent to that achieved with MBC fumigation. Treatments were equally effective in increasing yields in the 1990-91 test.

148. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Somaclonal variations in plants generated by anther culture of cv. Pajaro.
Faedi, W.; Quarta, R.; Persano, S.; Paoloni, F. M.; Damiano, C. Acta-hortic (348): p.427-431. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; anther-culture; regeneration-; somaclonal-variation; plant-disorders; chlorosis-; dwarfing-; agronomic-characteristics

149. NAL Call No.: SB599.E97
Some coat protein constituents from strawberry latent ringspot virus expressed in transgenic tobacco protect plants against systematic invasion following root inoculation by nematode vectors.
Kreiah, S.; Edwards, M. L.; Hawes, W. S.; Jones, A. T.; Brown, D. J. F.; McGavin, W. J.; Cooper, J. I. Eur-j-plant-pathol v.102(3): p.297-303. (1996 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberry-latent-ringspot-virus; rna-; coat-proteins; genes-; gene-expression; transgenic-plants; nicotiana-tabacum; genotypes-; genetic- resistance; disease-resistance; xiphinema-diversicaudatum; disease-vectors; transgenic-resistance

150. NAL Call No.: 442.8-An72
Sources of crown rot (Pytophthora cactorum) infection in strawberry and the effect of cold storage on susceptibility to the disease.
Pettitt, T. R.; Pegg, G. F. Ann-appl-biol v.125(2): p.279-292. (1994 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; phytophthora-cactorum; fungal-diseases; cold-storage; temperature-; infection-; symptoms-; varietal-susceptibility; pathogenicity-; uk-

151. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Species identification and pathogenicity study of French Colletotrichum strains isolated from strawberry using morphological and cultural characteristics.
Denoyes, B.; Baudry, A. Phytopathology v.85(1): p.53-57. (1995 Jan.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-acutatum; colletotrichum-dematium; glomerella-cingulata; pathogenicity-; pathotypes-; strain- differences; fungal-morphology; conidia-; growth-; temperature-; sexual-reproduction; cultivars-; genetic-variation; symptoms-; france-; north- america; perithecia-

Abstract: This study reports for the first time the identification and characterization of Colletotrichum spp. of anthracnose isolates originating from strawberry grown in France. Sixteen French isolates of Colletotrichum and six North American isolates (also from strawberry) representing C. acutatum, C. gloeosporioides, and C. fragariae were compared with respect to morphological and cultural criteria. Fourteen of the French isolates were identified as C. acutatum, characterized by acute conidia and low growth rates. The remaining two isolates were identified as C. gloeosporioides (teleomorph, Glomerella cingulata), characterized by cylindrical conidia, production of perithecia, and high growth rates. C. fragariae was not found among the French isolates. Pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum isolates was evaluated on five strawberry cultivars: cvs. Elsanta and Valeta (susceptible), Addie (intermediate), and Sequoia and Dover (resistant). Isolates of C. gloeosporioides had low pathogenicity while C. acutatum isolates varied from slightly to very pathogenic. Some [isolate X cultivar] specificity was detected, and based on this interaction C. acutatum was classified into two groups. Isolates in group 1 caused a similar disease severity on Addie, Sequoia, and Dover, whereas those of group 2 were virulent on Addie but nonvirulent on Sequoia and Dover.

152. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Splash dispersal of Colletotrichum acutatum and Phytophthora cactorum from strawberry fruit by single drop impactions.
Yang, X.; Madden, L. V.; Reichard, D. L.; Wilson, L. L.; Ellis, M. A. Phytopathology v.82(3): p.332-340. (1992 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-acutatum; phytophthora-cactorum; spore-dispersal; conidia-; sporangia-; rain-; droplet-studies; spatial- distribution; velocity-; epidemiology-; quantitative-techniques; kinetics-

Abstract: Dispersal of Colletotrichum acutatum conidia and Phytophthora cactorum sporangia by single drop impactions onto strawberry fruit was studied using a drop-generating system. Uniform water drops, 0.5-4 mm in diameter, were released from heights of 25-150 cm above infected target fruit with spores labeled with fluorescent tracer. Splash droplets were collected on water-sensitive paper. Size and distance from the source of each droplet trace were determined using an image analysis system, and number of spores contained in randomly chosen traces were counted by means of fluorescent microscopy. Size and fall height of impacting drops were shown to have a significant effect on number, mass, and travel distance of splash droplets, and on percentage of droplets with no conidia of C. acutatum. Only size of incident drops significantly affected droplet diameter. Number of spores per droplet generally was well described by the log-normal distribution for C. acutatum and the negative binomial distribution for P. cactorum. For C. acutatum, both size and fall height of impacting drops significantly affected (transformed) number of spores per droplet and total number of spores per impaction, but only drop size significantly affected spore entrainment with P. cactorum. Mean number of spores per droplet ranged from 6 to 134 for C. acutatum, and from 0.2 to 0.8 for P. cactorum, resulting in totals of 17-11,546 conidia or 9-56 sporangia dispersed by a single impaction. Transformed total spores per impaction for both pathogens were linearly and positively related to impact velocity of incident drops on a log scale. The percentage of splash droplets with no C. acutatum conidia was significantly correlated with ln(kinetic energy) of incident drops at impaction. Percentage of droplets without P. cactorum sporangia was unaffected by impacting drop size, fall height, or kinetic energy. A weak-positive relationship between spores per splash droplet and droplet diameter also was found for both C. acutatum and P. cactorum. Differences in dispersal between the two pathogens could be partially attributed to higher inoculum density of C. acutatum on the fruit surface compared to P. cactorum.

153. NAL Call No.: SB599.P45
Stimulation of phospholipase A2 activity in strawberry cells treated with AF-toxin I produced by Alternaria alternata strawberry pathotype.
Lee, S. S.; Kawakita, K.; Tsuge, T.; Doke, N. Physiol-Mol-Plant-Pathol v.41(4): p.283-294. (1992 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; host-parasite-relationships; alternaria-alternata; pathotypes-; enzyme-activity; phospholipase-a2; lipid-metabolism; mycotoxins-; microsomes-; fragaria-grandiflora

Abstract: The effect of AF-toxin I from Alternaria alternata strawberry pathotype on phospholipid metabolism in susceptible host cells was examined by using strawberry cultured cells and their protoplasts. When the susceptible and resistant cells were treated with AF-toxin I, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity in the microsomes of the susceptible cells increased at relatively low concentrations of AF-toxin I, but not in microsomes of resistant cells. Quinacrine, a known inhibitor of phospholipases, significantly suppressed the PLA2 activity elevated by toxin treatment in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro toxin treatment of the microsomes prepared from susceptible cells also enhanced the PLA2 activity. In strawberry protoplasts treated with AF-toxin I, the total amount of phospholipids in the microsomes decreased in the susceptible protoplasts but not in the resistant ones. In vitro treatment of isolated microsomes with the toxin also caused a significant decrease in the amount of phospholipids in the fraction from susceptible cells, but not in the resistant ones. These results indicate that PLA2 activation and the degradation of phospholipids in the microsomes of susceptible host cells may be involved in the specific toxic action of AF-toxin.

154. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Strategies for the safe control of fruit rots with vinclozolin.
Mappes, D.; Locher, F. Acta-Hortic (265): p.527-534. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruit-rots; botrytis-cinerea; fungicides-; mixtures-; disease-control

155. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Strawberry black root rot: a review.
Wing, K. B.; Pritts, M. P.; Wilcox, W. F. Adv-strawb-res. [United States] : North American Strawberry Growers Association, c1992-. 1994. v. 13 p. 13-19.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; rhizoctonia-; pythium-; root-rots; etiology-; pratylenchus-penetrans; plant-parasitic-nematodes; plant-pathogenic-fungi; environmental-factors; edaphic-factors; soil-types; soil-compaction; soil-temperature; soil-water-content; literature-reviews

156. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Strawberry breeding in Russia.
Govorova, G. Acta-hortic (348): p.45-55. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-; fragaria-ananassa; plant-breeding; agronomic-characteristics; disease-resistance; fungal-diseases; russia-

157. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Strawberry cultivar and selection red stele screening at USDA-Beltsville in 1993-94.
Galletta, G. J.; Maas, J. L.; Enns, J. M. Adv-strawb-res. [United States] : North American Strawberry Growers Association, c1992-. 1994. v. 13 p. 40-43.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; lines-; germplasm-; screening-; phytophthora-fragariae; disease-resistance; genetic-resistance; clones-; usda-; maryland-

158. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Strawberry differentials for identifying races of Phytopthora fragariae.
Milholland, R. D.; Cline, W. O.; Daykin, M. E. Acta-Hortic (265): p.605-608. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; genotypes-; phytophthora-fragariae; races-; pathogenicity-; identification-; maryland-; north-carolina

159. NAL Call No.: 275.29-G29L
Strawberry diseases.
Hendrix, F. F. Leafl-Coop-Ext-Serv,-Univ-Ga-Coll-Agric. Athens, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Geogia College of Agriculture. Oct 1994. (62,rev.) 4 p.

In the subseries: Plant Pathology Fact Sheet.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fungal-diseases; bacterial-diseases; plant-pathogens; meloidogyne-incognita; plant-parasitic-nematodes; identification-; control-methods; georgia-

160. NAL Call No.: S451.M6M58
Strawberry diseases.
Stienstra, W. C. [Minnesota Extension Service factsheets]. St. Paul, Minn. : The Service, <1970-1990 >. 1987. (AG-FS-1148,rev.) 2 p.

Descriptors: fragaria-; plant-diseases; plant-pathogenic-fungi; nematoda-; symptoms-; plant-disease-control; fungicides-; rotations-; application-date; minnesota-

161. NAL Call No.: 100-W27E-no.187
Strawberry diseases in Washington.
Campbell, L. 1. Pullman, Wash. : The State College of Washington, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Experiment Stations, 1948. 23 p. : col. ill., Descriptors: Strawberries-Diseases-and-pests-Washington-State

162. NAL Call No.: S544.3.N7A4
Strawberry fields forever changed, perhaps, by enzymes that fight mold.
Holder, W. Agfocus p.15-16. (1993 Nov.)

Descriptors: fragaria-; molds-; trichoderma-; enzymes-; fungal-diseases

163. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Strawberry fruit yield and vegetative growth and pest populations in plantings with and without cover crops.
Shanks, C. H. Jr.; Chamberlain, J. D. HortScience v.28(12): p.1172-1173. (1993 Dec.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cover-crops; trifolium-repens; lolium-perenne; tetranychus-urticae; chaetosiphon-fragaefolii; insect-pests; population- density; plant-parasitic-nematodes; pratylenchus-; incidence-; xiphinema-; crop-yield; fruit-; size-; growth-rate; washington-

Abstract: 'Totem' strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) were planted with clean-cultivated inter-rows or inter-rows planted with permanent cover crops of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) or 'Manhattan' perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). There were no significant differences between treatments in the number of twospotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch), strawberry aphids [Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell)], or Pratylenchus sp. or Xiphinema sp. nematodes on strawberry plants. The cover crops reduced strawberry yields relative to cultivation, although fruit size was significantly larger the second year. Root weight did not differ significantly in either year. Weight of above- ground vegetation was significantly higher in cultivated plots the first year, but not the second year.

164. NAL Call No.: SB608.S85S35--1993
Strawberry IPM in Massachusetts : a manual for growers and scouts.
Schloemann, S. G.; Cooley, D. R.; Marchant, D.; University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Cooperative Extension System. Integrated Pest Management Program. Strawberry IPM Project. [Amherst, Mass.] : University of Massachusetts Cooperative Extension System, Integrated Pest Management Program, Strawberry IPM Project, [1993?] 26 p. : ill., Cover title.

Descriptors: Strawberries-Diseases-and-pests-Massachusetts; Strawberries-Diseases-and-pests-Integrated-control-Massachusetts; Strawberries-Weed- control-Massachusetts

165. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Strawberry June Yellows.
Hughes, J. D.; Beech, M. G. Acta-Hortic (265): p.599-600. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; yellows-diseases; etiology-; degeneration-; symptoms-; chlorosis-; variegation-; geographical-distribution; plasmagenes- ; diagnosis-; tests-; england-; scotland-; white-streaking

166. NAL Call No.: SB599.E97
Strawberry latent ringspot virus in lilies.
Cohen, J.; Gera, A.; Loebenstein, G. Eur-j-plant-pathol v.101(2): p.217-219. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: lilium-; strawberry-latent-ringspot-virus; flowers-; abnormal-development; symptoms-; host-range; new-host-records; israel-

167. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Strawberry parent clones US 70, US 159, US 292, and US 438 resistant to anthracnose crown rot.
Galletta, G. J.; Smith, B. J.; Gupton, C. L. HortScience v.28(10): p.1055-1056. (1993 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-acutatum; glomerella-cingulata; disease-resistance; genetic-resistance; plant-breeding; clones-; cultivars-; varietal-susceptibility; fruit-breeding

168. NAL Call No.: SB950.2.I6B6
Strawberry root diseases.
Pecknold, P. C. BP. West Lafayette, Ind. : Purdue University, Cooperative Extension Service,. May 1994. (46) 2 p.

Descriptors: fragaria-; varieties-; root-rots; plant-pathogenic-fungi; nematoda-; environmental-factors; symptoms-; disease-prevention; plant-disease- control; site-factors; rotation-; soil-fumigation; verticillium-; varietal-resistance

169. NAL Call No.: 100-ID1-no.124
The strawberry root rot problem.
Helton, A. W. A. W. 1. Moscow, Idaho : University of Idaho, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1952. 1 sheet, Caption title.

Descriptors: Strawberries-Diseases-and-pests; Root-rots

170. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Studies and observations on the epidemiology and control of anthracnose fruit rot of strawberry in Ohio.
Ellis, M. A.; Madden, L. V. Acta-hortic (348): p.449-457. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; colletotrichum-acutatum; glomerella-cingulata; fruit-rots; epidemiology-; fungus-control; ohio-

171. NAL Call No.: 105.8-B644-1990-[no.38]
Studies on the influence and effective mechanism of compost extraction of Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Nocca and Balb on strawberries, lettuce and dwarf beans. Untersuchungen zur Wirkung und zu den Wirkungsmechanismen von Kompostextrakten auf Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Nocca & Balb an Erdbeeren, Kopfsalat und Buschbohnen.
Stindt, A. 1. Bonn : [s.n.], 1990. 169 p. : ill., Vita.

172. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Studies on the interaction between nematodes and fungi in infecting strawberry plants.
Szczygiel, A.; Profic Alwasiak, H. Acta-Hortic (265): p.561-568. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-parasitic-nematodes; pratylenchus-; disease-vectors; fungal-diseases; interactions-; poland-

173. NAL Call No.: SB952.B75I57-1995
Suitability of organic compost and broccoli mulch soil treatments for commercial strawberry production on the California central coast.
Sances, F. V.; Ingham, E. L. 1995 annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions / International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions p.19. (1995)

Meeting held on November 6-8, 1995, San Diego, California.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; mushroom-compost; forest-litter; brassica-oleracea-var; -italica; crop-residues; plant-pathogenic-fungi; cultural-control; incorporation-; mulches-; preplanting-treatment; low-input-agriculture; crop-yield; pesticides-; california-; chemical-vs; -cultural-disease-control

174. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Susceptibility of strawberry cultivars to Rhizoctonia solani and R. fragaria as influenced by inoculation technique, seasonal variations and physiological condition of the plants.
Molot, P. M.; Ferriere, H. Acta-Hortic (265): p.535-539. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; susceptibility-; fungal-diseases; rhizoctonia-solani; rhizoctonia-fragariae; inoculation-methods; seasonal- variation; pathogenicity-; host-parasite-relationships; france-

175. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Susceptibility of strawberry genotypes to infection and colonization by races of Phytophthora fragariae and the growth responses of inoculated genotypes.
Law, T. F.; Milholland, R. D. Plant-Dis v.76(4): p.335-339. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; phytophthora-fragariae; plant-pathogenic-fungi; infectivity-; pathogenicity-; pathotypes-; genotypes-; varietal- susceptibility; cultivars-

176. NAL Call No.: 448.3-AR23
Synthesis and proteolytic processing of arabis mosaic nepovirus, cherry leaf roll nepovirus, and strawberry latent ringspot nepovirus proteins in reticulocyte lysate.
Hellen, C. U. T.; Yuanyi, L.; Cooper, J. I. Arch-Virol v.120(1/2): p.19-31. (1991)
Includes references.

Descriptors: arabis-mosaic-nepovirus; cherry-leaf-roll-nepovirus; strawberry-latent-ringspot-virus; rna-; viral-proteins; translation-; protein-synthesis; proteolysis-

Abstract: The genomic RNA components of three nepoviruses, arabis mosaic (ArMV), cherry leaf roll (CLRV), and strawberry latent ringspot (SLRV), were translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Each component (except the RNA-2 of CLRV) directed the synthesis of proteins that corresponded in size to their theoretical coding capacity. The RNA-1 components of all three viruses were translated to yield polyproteins of Mr 250k, which were autocatalytically processed to yield up to five cleavage products. The primary products of translation of the RNA-2 components of ArMV (Mr 115k and 105k), CLRV (Mr 165k) and SLRV (Mr 99k and 96k) were polyproteins that were stable on incubation, but which underwent proteolytic processing in the presence of the corresponding RNA-1 and its translation products. These polyproteins were immunoprecipitated using antisera to appropriate virions indicating that the RNA-2 sequences encode the coat protein cistrons.

177. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Towards molecular detection methods for aphid-borne strawberry viruses.
Schoen, C. D.; Leone, G. Acta-hortic (385): p.55-63. (1995 Apr.)

Paper presented at the VIIth International Symposium on Small Fruit Virus Diseases held June 27 - July 2, 1994, Rome, Italy.

Descriptors: strawberry-crinkle-rhabdovirus; immune-serum; detection-; immunological-techniques

178. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Transformation of strawberry for virus resistance.
Finstad, K.; Martin, R. R. Acta-hortic (385): p.86-90. (1995 Apr.)

Paper presented at the VIIth International Symposium on Small Fruit Virus Diseases held June 27 - July 2, 1994, Rome, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-; varieties-; strawberry-mild-yellow-edge-virus; coat-proteins; genes-; genetic-transformation; disease-resistance; regenerative- ability; gene-expression; plant-disease-control

179. NAL Call No.: 442.8-AN72
Ultrastructural changes associated with June Yellows in strawberry and with leaf yellowing symptoms of viral and genetic origin in Fragaria, Rubus and Ribes.
Watkins, C. A.; Roberts, I. M.; Jones, A. T. Ann-Appl-Biol v.121(1): p.151-160. (1992 Aug.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-vesca; ribes-nigrum; rubus-; leaves-; yellows-diseases; plant-viruses; symptoms-; ultrastructure-; england-; wales-

180. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Uneven distribution of tobacco streak virus in strawberry plantlets grown in vitro.
Spiegel, S.; Martin, R. R.; Borg, M. t. Acta-hortic (385): p.122-125. (1995 Apr.)

Paper presented at the VIIth International Symposium on Small Fruit Virus Diseases held June 27 - July 2, 1994, Rome, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-; tobacco-streak-ilarvirus; infectivity-; spatial-distribution; roots-; leaves-; shoots-; detection-; elisa-; in-vitro-culture

181. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Unstable infectivity and abundant viral RNAs associated with strawberry mottle virus.
Leone, G.; Lindner, J. L.; Schoen, C. D. Acta-hortic (385): p.76-85. (1995 Apr.)

Paper presented at the VIIth International Symposium on Small Fruit Virus Diseases held June 27 - July 2, 1994, Rome, Italy.

Descriptors: strawberry-mottle-virus; purification-; isolation-; extracts-; viroids-; rna-; pathogenesis-; leaves-; fragaria-vesca; chenopodium-quinoa; nicotiana-; in-vitro

182. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
The use of meristem tip culture to eliminate viruses from stawberry plants.
Kajic, V.; Cvjetkovic, B. Acta-Hortic (265): p.595-597. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; plant-viruses; disease-control; techniques-; apical-meristems; tissue-culture; culture-media; techniques-; yugoslavia-

183. NAL Call No.: SB599.C8
The use of MR formulation as a novel and environmentally safe photodynamic fungicide for the control of powdery mildews.
Tzeng, D. D. S.; Tzeng, H. C.; Chen, R. S.; Cheng, A. H.; Tsai, C. C.; Chen, C. W.; Hwang, T. C.; Yeh, Y.; DeVay, J. E. Crop-prot v.15(4): p.341-347. (1996 June)
Includes references.

Descriptors: cucumis-melo; cultivars-; cucurbita-pepo; pisum-sativum; fragaria-chiloensis; sphaerotheca-; plant-pathogenic-fungi; riboflavin-; methionine-; copper-sulfate; formulations-; fungus-control; chemical-control; plant-disease-control; efficacy-; sphaerotheca-fusca

Abstract: The control of powdery mildews on melon, cantaloupe, squash, pea and strawberry was attempted by the application of a formulation developed from a methionine-riboflavin mixture reported to be photodynamically biocidal. The applied formulation consisted of riboflavin (26.62 micromolar), D,L-methionine (1 mM), copper sulfate (1 mM) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (1000 micrograms/ml-1). In greenhouse as well as field trials, disease control efficacy of the test formulation was equivalent or superior to commercially available chemicals. Upon application, mildew colonies were generally eradicated. A weekly application was sufficient in controlling the disease as effectively as most conventional fungicides. The observed morphological destructive effects suggested an eradicating activity of the formulation. The overall performance of disease control efficacy among the test crop species clearly demonstrated the usefulness of the formulation as an alternative fungicide for the control of powdery mildews on various greenhouse as well as field crops. The formulation is unique, because it contains mainly food constituents and biodegradable ingredients.

184. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
A virus-like disease of strawberry-tree (Arbutus unedo L.).
Ragozzino, A.; Alioto, A.; Stavolone, L. Acta-hortic (385): p.110-112. (1995 Apr.)

Paper presented at the VIIth International Symposium on Small Fruit Virus Diseases held June 27 - July 2, 1994, Rome, Italy.

Descriptors: arbutus-unedo; leaves-; virus-like-particles; grafting-; disease-transmission; plant-diseases; identification-

185. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Wild and cultivated strawberries can tolerate or resist root-lesion nematode.
Potter, J. W.; Dale, A. HortScience v.29(9): p.1074-1077. (1994 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fragaria-chiloensis; fragaria-virginiana; pratylenchus-penetrans; pest-resistance; tolerance-; crossing-; crosses-; genotypes-; cultivars-; genetic-resistance; germplasm-; genetic-resources

Abstract: Interspecific crossing of 'Guardian' and 'Midway' cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) produced a family of genotypes, some of which suppressed root-lesion nematode [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb)] population counts and produced large berries and high yield. Unlike 'Midway', 'Guardian' also suppressed P. penetrans. Among several beach strawberry [Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch.] and woodland strawberry (Fragaria virginiana Duch.) genotypes, variation was found in resistance and tolerance to root-lesion nematodes. Three F. chiloensis genotypes showed tolerance, and at least two genotypes may be somewhat resistant. Three F. virginiana genotypes also were tolerant, and three were resident. Also, one ('Little Cataraqui 4') combined root growth vigor with nematode resistance. We concluded that exploitable genetic diversity in vigor and reaction to root-lesion nematodes exists in wild Fragaria and in F. x ananassa.

186. NAL Call No.: S590.C63
Yield of iron-sprayed and non-sprayed strawberry cultivars grown on high pH calcareous soil.
Zaiter, H. Z.; Saad, I.; Nimah, M. Commun-Soil-Sci-Plant-Anal v.24(11/12): p.1241-1436. (1993)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; iron-; mineral-deficiencies; chlorosis-; iron-fertilizers; foliar-spraying; crop-yield; varietal-reactions; calcareous-soils; application-rates

187. NAL Call No.: QK867.J67
Yield of iron-sprayed and non-sprayed strawberry cultivars grown on high pH calcareous soil.
Zaiter, H. Z.; Saad, I.; Nimah, M. J-Plant-Nutr v.16(2): p.281-296. (1993)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; iron-fertilizers; chelates-; foliar-spraying; crop-yield; fruits-; iron-; mineral-deficiencies; chlorosis-; calcareous-soils; alkaline-soils; cultivars-; fe-eddha

Abstract: Iron deficiency chlorosis (FE-DC) results in an extensive reduction in the fruit yield of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) grown on high pH calcareous soils. Three cultivars, differing in their response to Fe-DC, were grown on a high pH (8.2) calcareous soil (15.4% calcium carbonate equivalent in surface 20 cm) in the field (Choueifat, coastal area of Lebanon) to determine what effect Fe-DC had on fruit yield when the foliage was sprayed with Fe [FeEDDHA, Ferric ethylenediiminobis (2-hydroxyphenyl) acetate]. Unsprayed plants were used as the control. No significant interaction (p<0.05) between cultivar X Fe spray treatment was obtained, and no significant difference (p<0.05) between one and two Fe spray(s)/week treatments were noted for visual Fe-DC rating, fruit numbers, and fruit yield. Cultivars sprayed once/week produced higher yields than unsprayed controls. Overall increases were 33% (13% for 'motto', 30% for 'Chandler', and 56% for 'Douglas'). Even though only slight Fe-DC was noted on the 'Motto' cultivar receiving no Fe spray, fruit yields were increased when plants were sprayed with Fe. However, significant increases in yield for the 'Chandler' and 'Douglas' cultivars with severe Fe-DC ratings were obtained when they were sprayed with Fe.