1. NAL Call No.: 381-J8223
2-(2-Butenylidene)-3,3-dimethyl-5-(2-oxopropyl)tetrahydrofuran: a new degradation product of 3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-beta ionol.
Neugebauer, W.; Winterhalter, P.; Schreier, P. J-agric-food-chem v.42(12): p.2885-2888. (1994 Dec.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: plants-; leaves-; bunias-orientalis; vitis-; fragaria-; prunus-; extraction-; plant-composition; furans-; structure-; isoprenoids-; isomers-; gas- chromatography; mass-spectrometry; spectral-data; germany-; stinging-nettles; chemical-structure; structural-formulas

Abstract: Identification of 2-(2-butenylidene)-3,3-dimethyl-5-(2-oxopropyl) tetrahydrofuran diastereomers (4, 5) in various leaves [stinging nettle; sloe tree; strawberry; vine (Riesling); sweet silique (Bunias orientalis)] was achieved by comparison of HRGC retention and spectral (MS; vapor phase FTIR) data with those of synthetic references. Model experiments revealed their acid-catalyzed formation from 3-hydroxy-5,6- epoxy-beta-ionol that was present in glycosidically bound form in the above mentioned leaves. Assignment of the isomers 4a/4b and 5a/5b was established by NOE experiments. Enantiodifferentiation carried out by on-line coupled multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the occurrence of enantiomerically pure 5S enantiomers 4b/5b in the natural sources. A pathway for the selective formation of 4b/5b in nature is proposed.

2. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and concentrations of anthocyanins and phenolics in developing strawberry fruit.
Cheng, G. W.; Breen, P. J. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.116(5): p.865-869. (1991 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; chemical-composition; phenolic-compounds; anthocyanins-; flavonoids-; tannins-; enzyme-activity; phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase; developmental-stages

3. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of apple and strawberry using disarmed Ti-binary vectors.
James, D. J.; Passey, A. J.; Barbara, D. J. Acta-Hortic (280): p.495-502. (1990 July)

In the series analytic: In vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding / edited by J. Janick and R.H. Zimmerman. Proceedings of an International Symposium, May 30-June 3, 1989, Bologna, Italy.

Descriptors: malus-; fragaria-; genetic-transformation; agrobacterium-tumefaciens; gene-transfer; transgenics-; gene-expression; tissue-culture

4. NAL Call No.: SB298.J66
Analysis of the essential oil of the leaves of Fragaria X ananassa Duch.
Khanizadeh, S.; Belanger, A. J-essent-oil-res v.5(1): p.109-111. (1993 Jan.-1993 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; leaves-; cultivars-; essential-oils; plant-composition; chemical-composition; genotypes-; quebec-

Abstract: The essential oil composition of three strawberry genotypes, Fragaria X ananassa Duch. were examined by GC/MS. Thirty-seven compounds were detected of which sixteen were identified. The major components were linalool (16.08-18.80%) and nonanal (5.89-16.63%). Many of the other constituents were aliphatic in nature. Differences in oil composition among the three cultivars were observed.

5. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Anther culture of Fragaria X ananassa: environmental factors and medium components affecting microspore divisions and callus production.
Svensson, M.; Johansson, L. B. J-hortic-sci v.69(3): p.417-426. (1994 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; anther-culture; cell-division; callus-; cell-growth; culture-media; naa-; kinetin-; glutamine-; cultivars-; genetic-variation; charcoal-; light-intensity; regenerative-ability; clones-; gelation-; benzyladenine-; ploidy-; urea-; derivatives-

6. NAL Call No.: QD415.A1J6
Antifeedant activity of extracts from neem, Azadirachta indica, to strawberry aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii.
Lowery, D. T.; Isman, M. B. J-chem-ecol v.19(8): p.1761-1773. (1993 Aug.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: azadirachta-indica; plant-composition; antifeedants-; chaetosiphon-fragaefolii; neem-seed-extract; insect-control

Abstract: Leaf disk choice test bioassays demonstrated that formulated neem seed oil (NSO) was equally deterrent to first- and third-instar nymphs and adult strawberry aphids, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell). Concentrations of NSO resulting in 50% feeding deterrence were approximately 1.1% for this species. The rapid disruption of aphid feeding (< 1 hr) was not related to the presence of the limonoid azadirachtin, and deterrence likely results from the combined activity of several compounds. Activity to C. fragaefolii disappeared within 12-24 hr following application to strawberry in the greenhouse. NSO was deterrent to only half of the six aphid species tested. The antifeedant properties of neem do not appear to contribute significantly to the control of aphids and the viruses they transmit.

7. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Assimilation of (14)CO(2) by in vitro-raised strawberry shoots or plantlets at different light intensity and ammonium nitrate levels.
Lis, E. K. Acta-hortic (348): p.366-369. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: photosynthesis-; carbon-dioxide; gas-production; roots-; light-intensity; rooting-; ammonium-nitrate; nutrient-availability; nitrogen- metabolism

8. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
An automated system for counting achenes on strawberries.
Khanizadeh, S.; Vigneault, C.; Buszard, D. HortScience v.29(11): p.1366. (1994 Nov.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; plant-; counting-; enumeration-; automation-; imagery-; agronomic-characteristics

9. NAL Call No.: 450-P5622
Biosynthesis of acyclic homoterpenes: enzyme selectivity and absolute configuration of the nerolidol precursor.
Donath, J.; Boland, W. Phytochemistry-Oxford v.39(4): p.785-790. (1995 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; spathiphyllum-; gerbera-jamesonii; gossypium-herbaceum; humulus-lupulus; lycopersicon-esculentum; phaseolus- lunatus; biosynthesis-; terpenoids-; precursors-; leaves-; molecular-conformation; enzyme-activity; biochemical-pathways; chemical-reactions; spathiphyllum-wallisii

Abstract: The acyclic homoterpene 4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene is a metabolite of (3S)-nerolidol. The absolute configuration of the precursor was established by GC-MS analysis of the molecular ion of the homoterpene produced after feeding a mixture consisting of equal amounts of (3S)- [12-2H3, 13-3H3]- and (3R)-[4-2H2, 15-2H3]nerolidol to various plants. The degree of the enantioselectivity of the converting enzyme was found to be characteristic for the selected plant or the plant cultivar. Thus leaves of Phaseolus lunatus and leaves of Spatiphyllum wallisii convert specifically (3S)-nerolidol, whereas leaves of Fragaria X magna and leaves of Gossypium herbaceum exhibit only a moderate degree of enantioselectivity (3S:3R,66:34). The isotope distribution of the homoterpene emitted from leaves of G. herbaceum (herbivore inducible biosynthesis) and that of the homoterpene released from the blossoms (endogeneously controlled biosynthesis) of the plant is identical (S:R, 66:34) suggesting that the same enzyme is active within the different tissues or organs of the plant. A highly enantioselective synthesis of (3S)- [12-2H3,13-3H3]- and (3R)[4-2H2, 15-2H3]-nerolidol is described.

10. NAL Call No.: 442.8-AM3
Blossom sterility of strawberry seedlings--in relation to other characteristics.
Scott, D. H.; Knight, R. J. Jr.; Waldo, G. F. J-Hered v.53(1): p.187-191. (1962 Jan.-1962 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fragaria-chiloensis; sterility-; variety-trials; genetic-resistance

11. NAL Call No.: 1.98-AG84
Building a better strawberry.
Stanley, D. Agric-Res-U-S-Dep-Agric-Res-Serv v.39(9): p.24-25. (1991 Sept.)

Descriptors: fragaria-; ellagic-acid; plant-breeding; disease-resistance; fruiting-potential; colletotrichum-acutatum; fungal-diseases; maryland-

12. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Carbon dioxide enrichment of high-value crops under tunnel culture.
Hartz, T. K.; Baameur, A.; Holt, D. B. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.116(6): p.970-973. (1991 Nov.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: cucumis-sativus; cucurbita-pepo; lycopersicon-esculentum; fragaria-ananassa; protected-cultivation; plastic-tunnels; carbon-dioxide- enrichment; crop-yield; plants-; dry-matter; weight-; costs-

Abstract: The feasibility of field-scale CO2 enrichment of vegetable crops grown under tunnel culture was studied with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Dasher II), summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Gold Bar), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Bingo) grown under polyethylene tunnels. The drip irrigation system was used to uniformly deliver a CO2-enriched air stream independent of irrigation. Carbon dioxide was maintained between 700 and 1000 microliter.liter-1 during daylight hours. Enrichment began immediately after crop establishment and continued for approximately 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment phase, enrichment had significantly increased plant dry weight in the 2 years of tests. This growth advantage continued through harvest, with enriched cucumber, squash, and tomato plots yielding 30%, 20%, and 32% more fruit, respectively, in 1989. In 1990, cucumber and squash yields were increased 20%, and 16%, respectively. As performed, the expense of CO2 enrichment represented less than a 10% increase in total preharvest costs. A similar test was conducted on fall-planted strawberries (Fragaria X ananassa Duch. cvs. Irvine and Chandler). Carbon dioxide enrichment under tunnel culture modestly increased 'Irvine' yields but did not affect 'Chandler'.

13. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Cell count and size in relation to fruit size among strawberry cultivars.
Cheng, G. W.; Breen, P. J. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.117(6): p.946-950. (1992 Nov.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; cell-division; size-; cell-growth; plant-anatomy; growth-stages; cultivars-; genetic-variation; seeds-; quantitative- analysis

Abstract: Fruit size, number of receptacle cells, and mean cell size were determined throughout development of secondary fruit of three day-neutral strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivars grown in a greenhouse. Cells were counted after enzymatic separation of receptacle tissue, and mean cell volume was estimated from cell count and receptacle tissue volume. Size of mature fruit was small (3.8 g) in 'Tillikum', medium (11.5 g) in 'Tristar', and large (15.6 g) in 'Selva'. Fruit size was correlated with the number of achenes per berry. Mature fruit of 'Tillikum' had a lower fruit fresh weight per achene and lower achene population density (achenes per square centimeter) than the larger-fruited cultivars. The average number of cells per mature fruit was 0.72 X 10(6), 1.96 X 10(6), and 2.94 X 10(6) for 'Tillikam', 'Tristar', and 'Selva', respectively. The relative difference among cultivars in the number of receptacle cells was established by the time of anthesis. In all cultivars, cell division was exponential for 10 days following anthesis and ceased by the 15th day. Mean cell volume increased slowly during active cell division, but rose rapidly and linearly for 10 days after cell division halted. Mean cell volume of all cultivars increased > 12-fold after anthesis and was approximately 6 X 10(6) micrometers(3) in mature fruit. The genotypic variation in the size of mature fruit was not the result of large differences in either duration of cell division after anthesis or mean cell volume, but rather was primarily due to differences in the number of receptacle cells established by anthesis.

14. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Changes in endogenous cytokinins during flower induction of strawberry.
Yamasaki, A.; Yamashita, M. Acta-hortic (345): p.93-99. (1993 June)

Paper presented at the "Session on Small Fruits at the 23rd International Horticultural Conference," August 27-September 1, 1990, Florence, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; zeatin-; zeatin-riboside; flowering-; flowers-; initiation-

15. NAL Call No.: 450-P693
Changes in gene expression during strawberry fruit ripening and their regulation by auxin.
Manning, K. Planta v.194(1): p.62-68. (1994)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; gene-expression; messenger-rna; genetic-regulation; naa-; fruits-; ripening-; polypeptides-; plant-proteins

Abstract: Changes in messenger RNA during the development of the strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.), a non-climacteric fruit, were analysed by extracting total RNA and separating the in-vitro translated products by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Alterations in numerous messenger RNAs accompanied fruit development between the immature green stage and the overripe stage, with prominent changes detected at or before the onset of ripening. A number of messenger RNAs undetectable in immature green fruit increased as the fruit matured and ripened. Others showed a marked decrease in advance of the ripening phase. A further group of messenger RNAs was prominent in immature and ripe fruit but absent just prior to the turning stage. Removing the achenes from a segment of the fruit accelerated anthocyanin accumulation in the de-achened portion and produced a pattern of translated polypeptides similar to normal ripe fruit. Application of the synthetic auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid to the de-achened receptacle produced a translation pattern similar to that in mature green fruit. These findings indicate that ripening in strawberry is associated with the expression of specific genes.

16. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Changes in leaf osmotic and elactic properties and canopy structure of strawberries under mild water stress.
Save, R.; Penuelas, J.; Marfa, O.; Serrano, L. HortScience v.28(9): p.925-927. (1993 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; water-stress; transpiration-; xylem-water-potential; matric-potential; leaf-water-potential; osmotic-pressure; turgor-; irrigated-conditions; dry-conditions; plant-morphology; orientation-; canopy-; leaves-; leaf-area-index; crop-yield; fruits-; leaf-angle; modulus- of-elasticity; drought-resistance

Abstract: Field-grown strawberry (Fragaria xannanasa Duch. cv. Chandler) plants were subjected to two irrigation regimes from Nov. 1989 to July 1990 to evaluate the physiological and morphological effects of mild water stress. Irrigation was applied when soil matric potential reached - 10 and -70 kPa for the wet and dry treatments, respectively. During the spring, these regimes did not promote significant changes in plant water relations, transpiration rates, plant morphology, or canopy architecture. However, during the summer, after several stress cycles, significant differences between treatments were observed. Pressure-volume curves of dry-treatment plants indicated that leaf osmotic potentials, measured at full and zero turgor, decreased 0.2 to 0.4 MPa. This decrease in osmotic potential also was accompanied by a 50% increase in the modulus of elasticity for these water-stressed plants compared to well-watered plants. Dry-treatment plants also showed stress avoidance mechanisms in changes of whole-plant morphology and canopy architecture, from monolayer to polylayer leaf distribution and leaf orientation from south to north. Despite what would appear to be useful drought-resistance strategies, there was significantly lower fruit production by plants grown under the dry treatment.

17. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Changes in quality of cold-stored strawberry plants (cv. Elsanta) as a function of storage duration: the flowering response in controlled environments.
Kinet, J. M.; Parmentier, A.; Lieten, F. Acta-hortic (348): p.287-293. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; planting-stock; cold-storage; duration-; storage-quality; flowering-; starch-; rhizomes-; sucrose-; phloem-; sap-

18. NAL Call No.: 450-C16
Changes in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activitites and 14CO2 fixation during the rooting of strawberry shoots in vitro.
Hdider, C.; Desjardins, Y. Can-j-plant-sci v.74(4): p.827-831. (1994 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; shoot-tip-culture; rooting-; photosynthesis-; ribulose-bisphosphate-carboxylase; enzyme-activity; phosphoenolpyruvate- carboxylase; amino-acids; biosynthesis-; radioactive-tracers; growth-

19. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Changes in strawberry leaf flavonoid pigment composition: an indicator of plant dormancy status.
Maas, J. L.; Griesbach, R. J.; Galletta, G. J. Adv-Strawberry-Prod. [S.l.] : North American Strawberry Growers Association. 1990. v. 9 p. 28-30.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fragaria-moschata; plant-composition; chemical-composition; leaves-; flavonoids-; autumn-; dormancy-; seasonal- variation; cultivars-; varietal-reactions

20. NAL Call No.: QK745.P56
Characterization of ethylene production in developing strawberry fruit.
Perkins Veazie, P. M.; Huber, D. J.; Brecht, J. K. Plant-growth-regul v.17(1): p.33-39. (1995 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; ripening-; ethylene-production; developmental-stages; acc-; oxidoreductases-; enzyme-activity; in-vitro-culture; culture-media; sucrose-; plant-composition; silver-thiosulfate

Abstract: Ethylene production, ACC content, and ACC oxidase activity were determined in strawberry fruit harvested at different stages of development and in fruit harvested green and developed in vitro in solutions containing sucrose. In fruit harvested at progressive stages of development from green through full ripe, ethylene production and ACC oxidase activity decreased whereas ACC content increased between the white and pink stages. Fruit detached at the green stage and developed to full ripe by immersion of the cut pedicel in sucrose solutions exhibited an increase in ACC content, decreased ethylene production, and no change in ACC oxidase activity. Detached green fruit provided with sucrose containing 0.5 mM silver (STS) had elevated ethylene production and more ACC oxidase activity than did fruit incubated without the silver salt. Green fruit provided with sucrose containing 1 mM ACC showed markedly increased ACC content, ACC oxidase activity, and ethylene production. These increases were noted following 4 days incubation in ACC, and were more pronounced after 11 days, at which time fruit of all treatments had attained a full-ripe stage of development. Calyx tissue exhibited more ACC oxidase activity, less ACC content, and similar ethylene production compared with receptacle tissue. ACC synthase could not be detected in fruit harvested at different developmental stages or in fruit detached and developed in vitro.

21. NAL Call No.: 464.8-P56
Colonization of roots of strawberry cultivars with different levels of susceptibility to Phytophthora fragariae.
Milholland, R. D.; Daykin, M. E. Phytopathology v.83(5): p.538-542. (1993 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; phytophthora-fragariae; plant-pathogenic-fungi; roots-; infectivity-; pathogenesis-; susceptibility-; cultivars-; disease- resistance; plant-anatomy; histology-; sporulation-

Abstract: Roots of strawberry cultivars Tennessee Beauty (susceptible), Surecrop (partially resistant), and Climax (highly resistant) were examined microscopically at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days after inoculation with Phytophthora fragariae race Pf-2. Cultivar Climax had no infection hyphae or reproductive organs of P. fragariae at any time period or distance from the root tip. Cultivar Surecrop roots were colonized at a slower rate ? and had fewer reproductive organs than had Tennessee Beauty. The lack of sporangial production (secondary inoculum) on Surecrop substantiates previous findings of few or no sporangia produced on Surecrop roots 14 days after inoculation with P. fragariae race Pf-2. Restriction or reduction in sporangial production may be a component of partial resistance to P. fragariae.

22. NAL Call No.: S544.3.A2C47
Commercial production: strawberry.
Himelrick, D. G.; Powell, A. A.; Dozier, W. A. Jr. Circ-ANR. [Auburn] Ala. : Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn University,. May 1994. (633,rev.) 24 p.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; crop-production; farmers'-markets; plant-anatomy; cultivars-; weed-control; insect-pests; fungal-diseases; postharvest- treatment; crop-quality; alabama-

23. NAL Call No.: S544.3.A2C47
Commercial strawberry production.
Himelrick, D. G.; Powell, A. A. Circ-ANR. [Auburn] Ala. : Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn University,. Oct 1992. (633) 26 p.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; markets-; marketing-; plant-anatomy; types-; soil-types; irrigation-; planting-; fertilizers-; cultivars-; mulching-; harvesting-; weed-control

24. NAL Call No.: S589.87.P43L54--1993

Comparison of culture in peat with additional PGmix as fertilizer. Vergelijking van teelt op veenbalen toevoeging van PGmix als voorraad bemesting.
Lieten, F.; Baets, W. Meerle [Belgium] : Proefbedrijf der Noorderkempen vzw, [1993] 1 v (unpaged) : ill., Cover title.

Descriptors: Peat-as-plant-growing-media; Peat-as-fertilizer; Strawberries-Nutrition

25. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Density effects on vegetative and reproductive development in strawberry cv. Hapil.
Wright, C. J.; Sandrang, A. K. J-Hortic-Sci v.68(2): p.231-236. (1993 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; growth-; plant-density; seasonal-variation; leaves-; flowers-; flowering-; uk-

26. NAL Call No.: 450-J8224
Development and evaluation of an in vitro system to study strawberry fruit development.
Perkins Veazie, P. M.; Huber, D. J. J-Exp-Bot v.43(249): p.495-501. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; ripening-; ripening-stage; plant-development; in-vitro; organ-culture; plant-; culture-media; sucrose-; 8- hydroxyquinoline-sulfate; cultivars-; hydroxyquinoline-hemisulfat; non-climacteric-fruit; peduncle-

Abstract: Growth and ripening of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) fruit harvested at immature stages of development was accomplished by placing the peduncles of individual fruit in solutions composed of hydroxyquinoline hemisulphate (HQS) and sucrose. Fruit cultivar and developmental stage at harvest were the major determinants of in vitro performance. 'Pajaro' fruit harvested at 50 to 60% maturity exhibited the greatest and most uniform weight gain when placed in solutions containing 200 mol m-3 HQS and 88 mol m-3 sucrose. Although the final fruit weight of in vitro-ripened fruit was less than that of field-ripened fruit, colour development in vitro occurred at the same rate and to the same extent as field-grown fruit.

27. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Differences in fruit bud formation on strawberries grown at sea level and high altitude.
Paydas, S.; Kaska, N. Acta-hortic (345): p.81-92. (1993 June)

Paper presented at the "Session on Small Fruits at the 23rd International Horticultural Conference," August 27-September 1, 1990, Florence, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; initiation-; buds-; flowers-; flowering-; high-altitude; organogenesis-; cultivars-; turkey-

28. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Early estimation of strawberry floral intensity and its improvement under cold greenhouse.
Jemmali, A.; Boxus, P. Acta-hortic (348): p.357-360. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; perlite-; peat-; mixtures-; buckets-; bags-; growing-media; crop-yield; flowering-; argile-

29. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Eco-physiological studies in the analysis of dormancy in strawberry.
Aspuria, J. R.; Fujime, Y. Acta-hortic (395): p.97-104. (1995 Mar.)

Paper presented at the XXIVth International Horticultural Congress, "Dormancy and the Related Problems of Deciduous Fruit Trees," August 21-27, 1994, Kyoto, Japan.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; plant-development; dormancy-; dormancy-breaking; roots-; shoots-; leaves-; petioles-; length-; weight-; environmental-factors; top-root-ratio-index

30. NAL Call No.: QK725.P53
The effect of 6-deoxy-D-fructose on flavour bioformation from strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa, cv. Elsanta) callus cultures.
Zabetakis, I.; Holder, M. A. Plant-cell,-tissue-organ-cult v.45(1): p.25-29. (1996 Apr.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; callus-; furans-; biosynthesis-; flavor-compounds; precursors-; fructose-; derivatives-; quantitative-analysis; glucosides-; pentoses-; biochemical-pathways; furanone-; mesifuran-; methylpentoses-

Abstract: The biosynthesis of 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-2H-furan-3-one has been investigated in order to improve the flavour of cultivated strawberries. Callus cultures of strawberries have been established. The probable immediate precursor of 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-2H-furan-3- one (6-deoxy-D-fructose) has been fed to callus cultures and the levels of the product are compared in cultures fed with precursor and control tissues. The increased levels of 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-2H-furan 3-one-glucoside in the precursor fed cultures suggests that methylpentoses are key compounds for the biosynthesis of this specific furanone.

31. NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Effect of biostimulants on fruiting of strawberry.
Albregts, E. E.; Howard, C. M.; Chandler, C.; Mitchell, R. L. Proc-Annu-Meet-Fla-State-Hortic-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society. 1988 (pub. May 1989). v. 101 p. 370-372.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; crop-yield; fruiting-; plant-growth-regulators; stimulants-; florida-

32. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Effect of climatic condition on the floral initiation at the runner tip of everbearing strawberry cultivar (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.).
Oda, Y.; Yanagi, T. Acta-hortic (345): p.67-72. (1993 June)

Paper presented at the "Session on Small Fruits at the 23rd International Horticultural Conference," August 27-September 1, 1990, Florence, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; flowering-; runners-; apical-meristems; crop-growth-stage; air-temperature; environmental-temperature; initiation-; flowers-

33. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Effect of flower thinning on strawberry fruit weight and its relationship to achene number.
Khanizadeh, S.; Lareau, M.; Buszard, D. Acta-hortic (348): p.351-356. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; deblossoming-; fruits-; weight-; seeds-; seed-set; cultivars-

34. NAL Call No.: QK745.J6
Effect of gibberellic acid on ripening of strawberry fruits (Fragaria annanassa Duch.).
Martinez, G. A.; Chaves, A. R.; Anon, M. C. J-plant-growth-reg v.13(2): p.87-91. (1994 Spring)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; ripening-; regulation-; gibberellic-acid; postharvest-physiology; respiration-; anthocyanins-; biosynthesis-; chlorophyll-; degradation-; carbon-dioxide; gas-exchange

Abstract: Effect of GA3 on postharvest ripening in strawberry fruit was evaluated through different biochemical parameters. Strawberry slices at different ripening stages were incubated with GA3. A significant decrease on respiratory activity depending on GA3 concentration was obtained. Also GA3 was applied to whole and deachened fruit at white and green ripening stages. Our results show that GA3 has an inhibitory effect on strawberry fruit ripening, evidenced by a decrease in the respiratory activity and a delay in anthocyanin synthesis and chlorophylls degradation.

35. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Effect of light intensity, temperature and CO2 concentration on photosynthesis and growth of strawberry plantlet cultivated in vitro.
Oda, Y. Acta-Hortic (265): p.399-403. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; explants-; in-vitro-culture; light-intensity; environmental-temperature; carbon-dioxide-enrichment; photosynthesis-; growth-; responses-

36. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Effect of plant size and salinity on the growth and fruiting of glasshouse strawberry.
Awang, Y. B.; Atherton, J. G. J-hortic-sci v.70(2): p.257-262. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; crop-production; greenhouse-culture; growth-; fruiting-; regulation-; leaves-; plant-height; size-; salinity-; flowering-; seed-set; fruits-; weight-; stress-response; crop-yield

37. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
The effect of temperature and photoperiod on the rate of flower initiation and the onset of dormancy in the strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.).
Le Miere, P.; Hadley, P.; Darby, J.; Battey, N. H. J-hortic-sci v.71(3): p.361-371. (1996 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; flowering-; induction-; temperature-; photoperiod-; autumn-; roots-; plant-composition; starch-; quantitative-analysis; inflorescences-; dormancy-; indicators-; england-

38. NAL Call No.: QK867.J67
Effect of three vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae species and phosphorus on reproductive and vegetative growth of three strawberry cultivars.
Khanizadeh, S.; Hamel, C.; Kianmehr, H.; Buszard, D.; Smith, D. L. J-plant-nutr v.18(6): p.1073-1079. (1995)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; glomus-intraradices; glomus-versiforme; glomus-mosseae; vesicular-arbuscular-mycorrhizas; phosphorus-; nutrient- availability; dipotassium-hydrogen-phosphate; fruits-; size-; crop-yield; growth-; dry-matter-accumulation; shoots-; roots-; leaves-; cultivars-; glomus-intraradix

Abstract: A study was undertaken to evaluate the yield, fruit size, and vegetative growth of three strawberry cultivars inoculated with three vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) species at three phosphorus (P) fertility levels. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculation and P fertility had no effect on inflorescence or flower number, total yield, fruit weight, or crown number. Higher levels of P did not increased total dry shoot weight, total fresh shoot, weight leaf area, total dry root weight, and leaf number in the present of VAM. However, the cultivars responded differently to VAM inoculation. Vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculation in combination with P at all levels increased total dry and fresh shoot weight, leaf area, and leaf number compared to application of P alone. The results indicated that it may be possible to increase strawberry stolon production by inoculating the strawberry plants with VAM, a technique which might be useful in nurseries to produce certified strawberry plants.

39. NAL Call No.: 56.9-So32
Effect of transplant source on strawberry fruit production in Florida.
Albregts, E. E.; Chandler, C. K. Proc-Soil-Crop-Sci-Soc-Fla. [S.l.] : Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida. 1995. v. 54 p. 80-83.

Meeting held September 21-23, 1994, Daytona Beach Shores, Florida.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; transplanting-; sources-; geographical-distribution; comparisons-; fruiting-; timing-; crop-yield; returns-; seasonal-variation; florida-; canada-; marketable-yields

40. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Effects of chilling and growth regulators on runner production of three strawberry cultivars under tropical conditions.
Kahangi, E. M.; Fujime, Y.; Nakamura, E. J-Hortic-Sci. Ashford : Headley Brothers Ltd. May 1992. v 67 (3) p. 381-384.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; runners-; growth-; chilling-; gibberellic-acid; benzyladenine-; seasonal-variation; temperature-; tropical- climate; kenya-

41. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Effects of cultivar and environmental interactions of runner production, fruit yield, and harvest timing of strawberry (Fragaria X Ananassa) in Zimbabwe.
Rice, R. P. Jr. Acta-Hortic. Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science. Dec 1990. v. 279 p. 327-332.

Paper presented at the "Third International Workshop on Temperate Zone Fruits in the Tropics and Subtropics," December 12-16, 1988, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; growth-rate; cultivars-; genotype-environment-interaction; chilling-requirement; harvesting-date; timing-; cultural- methods; zimbabwe-

42. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Effects of ethylene on RNA metabolism in strawberry fruit after harvest.
Luo, Y.; Liu, X. J-hortic-sci v.69(1): p.137-139. (1994 Jan.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; postharvest-physiology; rna-; metabolism-; regulation-; ethylene-; ribonucleases-; enzyme-activity; purification-; application-rates

43. NAL Call No.: QK725.P53
Effects of inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis and of polyamines on strawberry microcutting growth and development.
Tarenghi, E.; Carre, M.; Martin Tanguy, J. Plant-cell,-tissue-organ-cult v.42(1): p.47-55. (1995 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; micropropagation-; cuttings-; growth-; plant-development; in-vitro-culture; culture-media; biosynthesis-; putrescine-; spermidine-; spermine-; developmental-stages; plant-composition; enzyme-activity; arginine-; carboxy-lyases-; enzyme-inhibitors; ornithine- decarboxylase; morphogenesis-; cell-growth; roots-; shoots-; cell-division

Abstract: The primary free polyamines identified during growth and development of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) microcuttings cultivated in vitro were putrescine, spermidine and spermine. Polyamine composition differed according to tissue and stages of development; putrescine was predominant in aerial green tissues and roots. alpha-DL-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA), a specific and irreversible inhibitor of the putrescine-synthesizing enzyme, arginine decarboxylase (ADC), strongly inhibited growth and development. Application of agmatine or putrescine to the inhibited system resulted in a reversal of inhibition, indicating that polyamines are involved in regulating the growth and development of strawberry microcuttings. alpha-DL-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific and irreversible inhibitor of putrescine biosynthesis by ornithine decarboxylase, promoted growth and development. We propose that ADC regulates putrescine biosynthesis during microcutting development. The application of exogenous polyamines (agmatine, putrescine, spermidine) stimulated development and growth of microcuttings, suggesting that the endogenous concentrations of these polyamines can be growth limiting.

44. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Effects of photoperiod and chilling on floral formation of intermediate types between June- and everbearing strawberries.
Yanagi, T.; Oda, Y. Acta-hortic (348): p.339-346. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; flowering-; everbearing-habit; habit-; photoperiod-; chilling-

45. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Efficiency of light utilization in the strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa) cv. Hapil.
Wright, C. J.; Sandrang, A. K. J-hortic-sci v.70(5): p.705-711. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; solar-radiation; dosage-effects; light-harvesting-complexes; shade-; tolerance-; leaf-area-index; photosynthesis-; net- assimilation-rate; crop-production; crop-management; seasonal-variation

46. NAL Call No.: SB354.J48
Ellagic acid content in small fruits, mayhaws, and other plants.
Wang, S. Y.; Maas, J. L.; Payne, J. A.; Galletta, G. J. J-small-fruit-vitic v.2(4): p.39-49. (1994)
Includes references.

Descriptors: small-fruits; crataegus-; duchesnea-indica; fragaria-; ribes-nigrum; rubus-; vaccinium-macrocarpon; plant-composition; ellagic-acid; cultivars-; seasonal-variation; genetic-variation; antineoplastic-agents; medicinal-plants; rubus-subgenus-eubatus; rubus-subgenus-idaeobatus

47. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Ethylene evolution in strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch) during fruit development.
Basiouny, F. M. Acta-Hortic (265): p.363-368. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruit-; development-; ethylene-; emission-; treatment-; acc-; iaa-; avg-; preclimacteric-stage; climacteric-stage

48. NAL Call No.: S494.5.B563C87
Ethylene synthesis by fruit plants cultured in vitro.
Jona, R.; Fronda, A.; Cattro, A.; Gallo, A. Curr-Plant-Sci-Biotechnol-Agric. Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1993. v. 16 p. 375-376.

In the series analytic: Cellular and molecular aspects of the plant hormone ethylene / edited by J.C. Pech, A. Latche, and C. Balague. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Biosynthesis and Action of the Plant Hormone Ethylene held August 31-September 4, 1992, Agen, France.

Descriptors: prunus-persica; prunus-dulcis; prunus-domestica; malus-pumila; prunus-avium; vitis-vinifera; fragaria-ananassa; ethylene-production; in- vitro-culture; micropropagation-

49. NAL Call No.: 450-C16
Evaluation of low temperature hardiness of strawberry plants under field and controlled conditions.
Turner, J. M.; Tanino, K. K.; Stushnoff, C. Can-j-plant-sci v.73(4): p.1123-1125. (1993 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cold-resistance; acclimatization-; freezing-; mulching-; habit-; survival-; prediction-; regrowth-; prairies-

50. NAL Call No.: S587.T47
Evaluation of some potential pollen donors for strawbery cv. Pandora.
Watters, B. S.; Sturgeon, S. R. Tests-Agrochem-Cult (13): p.128-129. (1992 May)

Supplement to Annals of applied biology, volume 120.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; cross-pollination; pollen-; enumeration-; viability-; flowering-; seasonal-variation

51. NAL Call No.: MnSU Thesis-stp-stah

Evaluation of variation in Minnesota/Wisconsin Fragaria virginiana for horticultural and morphological traits.
Stahler, M. M. 1990. xiii, 105 leaves, [12] leaves of plates : ill., Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Minnesota, 1990.

52. NAL Call No.: QK710.P63
Extraction of RNA from tissues containing high levels of procyanidins that bind RNA.
Wang, C. S.; Vodkin, L. O. Plant-mol-biol-report v.12(2): p. 132-145. (1994 June)
Includes references.

Descriptors: glycine-max; prunus-avium; malus-pumila; prunus-americana; fragaria-vesca; vitis-vinifera; testas-; plant-composition; rna-; isolation- techniques; cyanidin-; flavonoids-

53. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Foliar attributes contributing to drought stress tolerance in Fragaria species.
Archbold, D. D. Acta-hortic (348): p.347-350. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-chiloensis; fragaria-virginiana; drought-resistance; water-stress; cuticle-; leaf-conductance; cuticular-conductance

54. NAL Call No.: 450-R34
Fragaria multicipita, reduced to the rank of forma.
Catling, P. M.; Cayouette, J.; Postman, J. Rhodora v.97(891): p.245-254. (1995 Summer)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; fragaria-chiloensis; fragaria-virginiana; geographical-distribution; new-combination; plant-morphology; taxonomy-; chromosome-number; mycoplasma-like-organisms; pathogenicity-; symptoms-; quebec-; gragaria-virginiana-ssp; -glauca-f; -multicipita

55. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Further characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase in strawberry callus.
Yurgalevitch, C. M.; Janes, H. W. Acta-Hortic (265): p.411-415. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; leaves-; explants-; culture-media; callus-; enzyme-activity; alcohol-dehydrogenase; molecular-weight

56. NAL Call No.: 442.8-Z8
Genetic correlations between vegetative growth traits and productivity at different within-season intervals for strawberries (Fragaria X ananassa).
Shaw, D. V. Theor-Appl-Genet v.85(8): p.1001-1009. (1993 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; heritability-; genotypes-; genetic-correlation; crop-yield; fruits-; vegetative-period; growth-; genotype-environment- interaction; seasonal-variation; autumn-; summer-; dry-matter-distribution; environmental-factors; inflorescences-; fruiting-; resource-partitioning

Abstract: Genetic and environmental relationships between vegetative growth and production traits at different intervals within a single season were investigated using unselected strawberry genotypes from 20 biparental crosses and their parents. Vegetative growth and productivity patterns differed between test locations and larger yields were detected where fall growth was greatest. Positive genetic correlations were detected between fall growth increments and mid-season production traits, but fall growth was uncorrelated or negatively correlated with late-season production. Conversely, growth during the production season was genetically uncorrelated or negatively correlated to early production traits, but was positively correlated to mid and late-season production. Together, these results suggest that the growth pattern required for early vs sustained production may represent conflicting breeding objectives. Also, although vegetative and reproductive functions compete for assimilates in strawberry, sustained productivity appears dependent on adequate vegetative growth throughout the spring and early summer. Significant correlations were detected between fall plant growth and early yield, but these were attributed to environmental rather than genetic sources. Genetic correlations between spring growth and early production traits were significantly negative and large, suggesting that vegetative during this interval may indicate limited fall inflorescence development.

57. NAL Call No.: SB599.C35
Glucanohydrolases and inhibitory activity to Botrytis cinerea in extracts from strawberry fruits.
El Ghaouth, A.; Arul, J.; Grenier, J.; Asselin, A. Can-J-Plant-Pathol-Rev-Can-Phytopathol v.13(4): p.315-320. (1991 Dec.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: strawberries-; fragaria-ananassa; botrytis-cinerea; plant-extracts; fruits-; plant-composition; antifungal-properties; rhizopus-stolonifer; growth-rate; inhibition-; enzyme-activity; chitinase-; lysozyme-; beta-glucanase-; enzyme-inhibitors; storage-decay; defense-mechanisms; epidemiology-; achenes-; receptacles-; chitosanase-

58. NAL Call No.: SB385.A34
Greenhouse studies of the effect of lygus bug feeding on 'Tristar' strawberry.
Riggs, D. I. M. Adv-Strawberry-Prod. [S.l.] : North American Strawberry Growers Association. 1990. v. 9 p. 40-43.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; greenhouse-crops; insect-pests; lygus-hesperus; pollination-; fruiting-; crop-yield; fruits-; crop-damage; seeds-; injuries-; weight-; achenes-

59. NAL Call No.: SB317.5.H6
Growth and ripening of strawberry fruit.
Perkins Veazie, P. Hortic-rev. New York, NY : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Press. 1995. v. 17 p. 267-297.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fragaria-vesca; fragaria-chiloensis; fruiting-; ripening-; growth-factors; literature-reviews

60. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
High efficiency shoot regeneration from calluses of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) stipules of in vitro shoot cultures.
Rugini, E. J-Hortic-Sci v.67(4): p.577-582. (1992 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; stipules-; shoot-tip-culture; callus-; regenerative-ability; laboratory-methods; cultivars-; genetic-variation

61. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Hydathode anatomy and the relationship between guttation and plant water status in strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.).
Takeda, F.; Glenn, D. M. Acta-Hortic (265): p.387-392. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; hydatids-; leaves-; anatomy-; guttation-; plant-water-relations; stomata-; transpiration-

62. NAL Call No.: 450-P5622
Hydrolysable tannins as chemotaxonomic markers in the Rosaceae.
Okuda, T.; Yoshida, T.; Hatano, T.; Iwasaki, M.; Kubo, M.; Orime, T.; Yoshizaki, M.; Naruhashi, N. Phytochemistry. Oxford : Pergamon Press. Sept 1992. v. 31 89) p. 3091-3096.

Part 11 in the series 'Tannins of Rosaceous Plants'.

Descriptors: rosaceae-; chemotaxonomy-; leaves-; chemical-composition; markers-; tannins-; chlorogenic-acid; molecular-conformation; japan-; sanguiin-gemin; agrimoniin-; rugosin-

Abstract: A HPLC survey of leaves of 80 plants (62 species, 15 hybrids, one variety and two cytotypes) from 18 genera of four subfamilies of Rosaceae, using five oligomeric hydrolysable tannins, five monomeric hydrolysable tannins, and chlorogenic acid as reference compounds, showed that the oligomers can be used as chemotaxonomic markers for the family, viz., sanguiin H-6 and H-11 in the genera Sanguisorba and Rubus, gemin A in Geum, agrimoniin in Agrimonia, Fragaria and Potentilla, and rugosin D in Filipendula. The hydrolysable tannin monomers were widely distributed in the herbaceous and frutescent Rosoideae species, but not in the arborous species of the other subfamilies. Chlorogenic acid was found in almost all of the plants examined.

63. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Hydroponic screening of strawberry for salt tolerance: correlation with in vitro evaluations.
Wright, F.; Hughes, H. G. Acta-hortic (348): p.384-388. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fragaria-chiloensis; interspecific-hybridization; salt-tolerance; screening-; sodium-chloride; hydroponics-; seedlings-

64. NAL Call No.: QK745.P56
Identification of gibberellins in leaf tissues of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) grown under different photoperiods.
Taylor, D. R.; Blake, P. S.; Browning, G. Plant-growth-regul v.15(3): p.235-240. (1994 Nov.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; leaves-; plant-composition; gibberellins-; purification-; chemical-analysis; photoperiod-

Abstract: In studies of the effect of long or short-day photoperiod treatments on the qualitative gibberellin (GA) content of mature leaves of a facultative short-day (SD) strawberry cultivar (Fragaria X ananassa Duch. cv. Elsanta). GA1, GA8, GA17, GA19, GA20, GA29 and GA44 were identitied by full-scan gas chromatography--mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in extracts from plants grown under long-day (LD) conditions, and GA1, GA5, GA8, GAl9, GA20 and GA29 in similar extracts from plants subjected to eight SD cycles after growth under LD conditions. The early 13-hydroxylation GA biosynthetic pathway thus appeared to predominate. with the apparent absence of GA5 in LD and of GA17 and GA44 in SD extracts providing evidence of modulation of this pathway by photoperiod. A search, including GC-MS with selected ion monitoring, failed to detect GA3, or the polyhydroxylated GA85, GA86, GA87 or GA32 for which some extracts were specifically purified.

65. NAL Call No.: QK710.P62
Identification of mRNAs with enhanced expression in ripening strawberry fruit using polymerase chain reaction differential display.
Wilkinson, J. Q.; Lanahan, M. B.; Conner, T. W.; Klee, H. J. Plant-mol-biol v.27(6): p.1097-1108. (1995 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; messenger-rna; gene-expression; fruits-; ripening-; polymerase-chain-reaction; nucleotide-sequences; complementary- dna; amino-acid-sequences; molecular-sequence-data; genbank; u19940-; genbank; u19941-; genbank; u19942-; genbank; u19943-; genbank; u19944-

Abstract: Fruit ripening is a complex developmental process that involves specific changes in gene expression and cellular metabolism. In climateric fruits these events are coordinated by the gaseous hormone ethylene, which is synthesized autocatalytically in the early stages of ripening. Nonclimacteric fruits do not synthesize or respond to ethylene in this manner, yet undergo many of the same physiological and biochemical changes associated with the production of a ripe fruit. To gain insight into the molecular determinants associated with nonclimacteric fruit ripening, we examined mRNA populations in ripening strawberry fruit using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) differential display. Five mRNAs with ripening-enhanced expression were identified using this approach. Three of the mRNAs appear to be fruit-specific, with little or no expression detected in vegetative tissues. Sequence analysis of cDNA clones revealed positive identities for three of the five mRNAs based on homology to known proteins. These results indicate that the differential display technique can be a useful tool to study fruit ripening and other developmental processes in plants at the RNA level.

66. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
The importance of honeybee-pollination for the quality and quantity of strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa) in central Sweden.
Svensson, B. Acta-Hortic (288): p.260-264. (1991 Jan.)

Paper presented at "The Sixth International Symposium on Pollination," August 27-31, 1990, Tilburg, Netherlands.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; pollination-; apis-mellifera; sweden-

67. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
In vitro clonal propagation of strawberry from immature achenes.
Lis, E. K. Acta-Hortic (280): p.147-150. (1990 July)

In the series analytic: In vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding / edited by J. Janick and R.H. Zimmerman. Proceedings of an International Symposium, May 30-June 3, 1989, Bologna, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-; micropropagation-; in-vitro-culture; seeds-; culture-media; regenerative-ability; physiological-age

68. NAL Call No.: 442.8-An72
In vitro growth and ripening of strawberry fruit in the presence of ACC, STS or propylene.
Perkins Veazie, P. M.; Huber, D. J.; Brecht, J. K. Ann-appl-biol v.128(1): p.105-116. (1996 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; growth-; ripening-; ripening-stage; in-vitro; propylene-; silver-; silver-thiosulfate; acc-; ethylene-; ethylene- production; respiration-; postharvest-physiology; weight-

69. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Influence of low winter temperatures on growth and fruiting of 'Elsanta' runner plants in Poland.
Zurawicz, E.; Dominikowski, J. Acta-hortic (348): p.389-391. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; crop-production; crop-yield; winter-; cold-; environmental-temperature; fruiting-; fruits-; size-

70. NAL Call No.: 56.8-C162
Influence of nitrogen fertilization, row covers and cultivar on the production of day-neutral strawberries in Quebec. Influence de la fertilisation azotee, des baches et des cultivars sur la productivite des fraisiers a production continue au Quebec.
Lamarre, M.; Lareau, M. J.; Payette, S.; Fortin, C. Can-j-soil-sci v.76(1): p.29-36. (1996 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; covers-; polyethylene-film; nitrogen-fertilizers; ammonium-; sulfur-coated-urea; crop-yield; fruits-; size-; photoperiodism-; earliness-; quebec-

71. NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56
Influence of propagation site on the fruiting of three strawberry clones grown in a Florida winter production system.
Chandler, C. K.; Albregts, E. E.; Howard, C. M.; Dale, A. Proc-Annu-Meet-Fla-State-Hortic-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society. May 1990. v. 102 p. 310-312.

Proceedings held October 31-November 2, 1989, Tampa, Florida.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; clones-; cultivars-; genotype-environment-interaction; propagation-; crop-production; fruiting-; florida-; california-

72. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
The influence of some factors on pollen yield of flowers.
Szklanowska, K. Acta-Hortic (288): p.452-457. (1991 Jan.)

Paper presented at "The Sixth International Symposium on Pollination," August 27-31, 1990, Tilburg, Netherlands.

Descriptors: malus-; fragaria-; rubus-; flowers-; pollen-

73. NAL Call No.: 470-C16C
The influence of surfactants on transpiration of strawberry leaves.
Kubik, M.; Michalczuk, L. Can-J-Bot-J-Can-Bot v.71(4): p.598-601. (1993 Apr.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; transpiration-; leaves-; nonionic-surfactants; surfactants-; abscisic-acid; plasma-membranes; guard-cells; membrane-potential; electric-potential; efflux-; mannitol-; sucrose-; potassium-chloride; calcium-chloride; fragaria-grandiflora; electric-charge

74. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Influences of magnetic fields on growth and fruit production of strawberry.
Matsuda, T.; Asou, H.; Kobayashi, M.; Yonekura, M. Acta-hortic (348): p.378-380. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; magnetic-field; growth-; leaves-; leaf-area; fruiting-; crop-yield

75. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Inheritance and stability of somaclonal variations in micropropagated strawberry.
Sansavini, S.; Rosati, P.; Gaggioli D, P.; Toschi, M. F. Acta-Hortic (280): p.375-384. (1990 July)

In the series analytic: In vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding / edited by J. Janick and R.H. Zimmerman. Proceedings of an International Symposium, May 30-June 3, 1989, Bologna, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-; micropropagation-; cultivars-; varietal-susceptibility; mutations-; somaclonal-variation; tissue-culture; inheritance-; stability-

76. NAL Call No.: 442.8-Z8
The inheritance of vegetative growth traits in strawberries (Fragaria X ananassa) grown at low temperatures and their relationship to field productivity.
Shaw, D. V.; Hansen, J. J. Theor-appl-genet v.87(1/2): p.170-176. (1993 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; inheritance-; heritability-; growth-; vegetative-period; air-temperature; environmental-temperature; growth-chambers; genotype-environment-interaction; genetic-correlation; pleiotropy-; field-experimentation

Abstract: The genetic relationship between vegetative growth at low temperatures and productivity was investigated for strawberries grown in controlled and field environments. Genotypes from 20 biparental crosses were grown in controlled environments with 11 degrees, 14 degrees, and 17 degrees C days, 11 degrees C nights, and 11-h daylength to simulate a range of winter growing conditions expected in mediterranean environments. Individual plants were scored for two initial runner traits and eight vegetative growth traits. Significant main effects of temperature and cross were detected for all growth chamber traits, and conservative estimates of the broad sense heritability (h2) for these traits were 0.10-0.28. None of the temperature X cross interaction effects were significant, suggesting that genetic potential for vegetative growth and vigor is expressed similarly at low and optimal growing temperatures. Highly significant genetic correlations were detected between many growth chamber trait pairs, indicating pleiotropic effects for the genes that condition these traits. Complementary field trials were established, and individual plants were scored for traits that describe yield, production pattern, and plant size. Significant negative genetic correlations were detected between traits that describe growth in the chambers and early production in the field trials, but genetic correlations between chamber growth traits and mid-season or total production were significantly positive and occasionally large. using traits scored in the nursery can be used to improve yield and modify production pattern in the field.

77. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Insect pollination of soft fruits and associated problems.
Couston, R. Acta-Hortic (288): p.249-254. (1991 Jan.)

Paper presented at "The Sixth International Symposium on Pollination," August 27-31, 1990, Tilburg, Netherlands.

Descriptors: rubus-idaeus; fragaria-; pollination-; apis-mellifera

78. NAL Call No.: 450-C16
Isozymes as markers for identification of tissue culture and greenhouse-grown strawberry cultivars.
Nehra, N. S.; Kartha, K. K.; Stushnoff, C. Can-J-Plant-Sci-Rev-Can-Phytotech v.71(4): p.1195-1201. (1991 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; hybrids-; cultivars-; isoenzymes-; genetic-markers; meristems-; tissue-culture; tissue-extracts; chemical-composition; age-; light-intensity; phenotypes-; identification-; laboratory-methods; nova-scotia; ontario-

79. NAL Call No.: 450-J8224
The lack of a respiratory rise in muskmelon fruit ripening on the plant challenges the definition of climacteric behaviour.
Shellie, K. C.; Saltveit, M. E. Jr. J-exp-bot v.44(265): p.1403-1406. (1993 Aug.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fruits-; melons-; ripening-; respiration-; carbon-dioxide; gas-production; ethylene-production; postharvest-physiology; climateric-fruits

Abstract: A burst in respiration coincident with fruit ripening has been used for over half-a-century to classify harvested fruit such as apples, bananas, melons, and tomatoes as climacteric. In contrast, respiration slowly declines in harvested non-climacteric fruit such as citrus and strawberries. Autocatalytic ethylene production was later recognized as accompanying the ripening of climacteric fruit. We developed a procedure to insert sterile ports in netted muskmelon (Cucumis melo var. Reticulatus Naud.) fruit to allow repetitive sampling of internal gases in both attached and detached fruit as they ripened. Detached fruit produced the characteristic climacteric pattern of carbon dioxide and ethylene production as they ripened. In contrast, fruit ripening attached to the plant did not exhibit the climacteric increase in respiration, despite a climacteric increase in the plant hormone ethylene. A respiratory rise was observed with fruit ripening on the plant, but only after they abscised. The climacteric burst in respiration, which has been widely observed with ripening, harvested fruit, may be an artifact of harvest and not a natural phenomena associated with ripening of climacteric fruit. The peak in ethylene production by ripening, climacteric fruit, whether harvested or not, might provide a more reliable criterion for separating climacteric from non-climacteric fruit.

80. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Lead uptake and accumulation by strawberry plants.
Cieslinski, G.; Mercik, S. Acta-hortic (348): p.278-286. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-; lead-; metal-ions; ion-uptake; polluted-soils; liming-materials; contamination-; roots-; leaves-; plant-composition; industrial- wastes; fragaria-grandiflora; magnesium-lime; industrial-waste-limes

81. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Leaf temperature and water stress in strawberry.
Mannini, P.; Anconelli, S. Acta-hortic (345): p.55-61. (1993 June)

Paper presented at the "Session on Small Fruits at the 23rd International Horticultural Conference," August 27-September 1, 1990, Florence, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; leaves-; temperature-; water-stress; estimation-; crop-yield; water-requirements

82. NAL Call No.: 450-J8224
Levels of apoplastic solutes in developing strawberry fruit.
Pomper, K. W.; Breen, P. J. J-exp-bot v.46(288): p.743-752. (1995 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; ripening-; water-potential; plant-; solutes-; sucrose-; glucose-; xylem-water-potential; apoplastic-water-potential; apoplast-; apoplastic-solute-potential

Abstract: Solutes in the apoplast of sink organs can contribute to apoplastic water potential gradients that influence transport of water and assimilates. However, sampling the apoplast solution is often technically difficult. Three methods were used to collect apoplastic solution from developing strawberry fruit for determining apoplastic solute potential and sucrose and glucose concentrations. In addition, apoplastic solute potential was estimated from the difference between apoplastic water potential (measured via hygrometry) and fruit xylem pressure potential (measured with a pressure chamber): As strawberry fruit developed, apoplastic water potential decreased linearly whereas xylem pressure potential declined slightly then increased, therefore, the estimated apoplastic solute potential also decreased. Liquid was recovered from tissue plugs of ripening fruit using centrifugation. The solute potential of these samples from pink and red fruit varied from -0.9 to -1.1 MPa and was similar to that of the bulk fruit solute potential. A novel method was developed to sample the apoplastic solution, with little or no cell damage, by collecting liquid on filter paper discs inserted into the hollow cavity naturally formed in ripening fruit. Here the solute potential was about - 1.0 MPa, again similar to fruit solute potential and sucrose and glucose concentrations were each near 50 mM. Solution recovered from ripening fruit by centrifugation and paper discs from the fruit cavity was red, suggesting leakage of anthocyanins into the apoplast. Liquid collected from the pedicel xylem of detached fruit using a pressure chamber was colourless, had a high solute potential (about -0.3 MPa), and low sugar concentrations (<1 mM). 35% of the solute potential of the apoplast of ripening strawberry fruit.

83. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Measuring transpiration rates of tomato and other detached fruit.
Shirazi, A.; Cameron, A. C. HortScience v.28(10): p.1035-1038. (1993 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: tomatoes-; strawberries-; water-vapor-movement; modified-atmosphere-storage; packaging-; permeability-; relative-humidity; postharvest- physiology; transpiration-

Abstract: A method was developed to measure transpiration rates and apparent watervapor permeability coefficients (P'H2O) of detached fruit using an analytical balance equipped with a humidity chamber, wide-range humidity-generating and sensing devices, and a datalogger. The system was designed to monitor weight changes with time and, hence, weight loss of individual fruit during exposure to specific relative humidities (RHs) and temperatures. Weight loss was corrected for loss due to respiratory exchange and CO2 before calculating P'H2O. Values of P'H2O for tomatoes obtained using this method over periods of 5 minutes to 24 hours ranged from 3 to 12 nmol-cm-1.g-1.kPa-1 at 20C, depending on the experimental conditions. These values are similar to previously published values and to those obtained in a conventional weight-loss experiment, which involved intermittent weighing. P'H2O for tomatoes dropped approximately 15% in 24 hours. P'H2O increased with a transient increase in RH; the extent of the increase was variable from fruit to fruit, ranging from 5% to 100% over 30% to 90% RH. The change was reversible in that P'H2O increased and decreased within minutes following shifts in RH. Similar changes were found for strawberry P'H2O. The increase in P'H2O may be due, in part, to a direct effect of water vapor on the water transport properties of the cuticular polymer and surface temperature depression as a result of evaporative cooling. At 50% RH and 20C, water vapor diffuses from tomatoes 50 times.

84. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Micropropagation of strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.). Effect of minral salts, benzyladenine levels and number of subcultures on the in vitro and field behaviour of the obtained microplants and the fruiting capacity of their progeny.
Lopez Aranda, J. M.; Pliego Alfaro, E.; Lopez Navidad, I.; Barcelo Munoz, M. J-hortic-sci v.69(4): p.625-637. (1994 July)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; micropropagation-; culture-media; salts-; benzyladenine-; rooting-capacity; progeny-; progeny-testing; field-tests; cultivars-; genetic-variation

85. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Microwave sterilization of plant tissue culture media.
Tisserat, B.; Jones, D.; Galletta, P. D. HortScience v.27(4): p.358-361. (1992 Apr.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: tissue-culture; culture-media; sterilizing-; microwave-treatment; fragaria-vesca; daucus-carota; citrus-limon; comparisons-; autoclaving-

Abstract: Nutrient medium can be sterilized using a household-type microwave oven. The required microwave treatment time was influenced by the oven's microwave power intensity (70 to 700 W), vessel type, volume of medium employed, and the presence of energy sink water reservoirs (ESWR). Growth rates of strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) shootlets, lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.] fruit halves, or carrot (Daucus carota L.) callus cultured on either microwaved or autoclaved media were similar. Microwaving and autoclaving appeared to reduce GA3, activity compared with medium containing filter sterilized GA3.

86. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Mode of oxygen and carbon dioxide action on strawberry ester biosynthesis.
Ke, D.; Zhou, L.; Kader, A. A. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.119(5): p.971-975. (1994 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; acetates-esters; biosynthesis-; regulation-; oxygen-; carbon-dioxide; controlled-atmospheres; plant-composition; volatile-compounds; fermentation-; enzyme-activity; pyruvate-decarboxylase; alcohol-dehydrogenase; acyltransferases-; ethanol-; biochemical- pathways; chemical-reactions

Abstract: Chandler' strawberries (Fragaria ananassa Duck.) were kept in air, 0.25% O2, 21% O2 + 50% CO2, or 0.25 O2 + 50% CO2 (balance N2) at 5C for 1 to 7 days to study the effects of controlled atmospheres (CAs) on volatiles and fermentation enzymes. Concentrations of acetaldehyde, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and ethyl butyrate were greatly increased, while concentrations of isopropyl acetate, propyl acetate, and butyl acetate were reduced by the three CA treatments compared to those of air-control fruit. The CA treatments enhanced activities of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) but slightly decreased activity of alcohol acetyltransferase (AAT). The results indicate that the enhanced PDC and ADH activities by CA treatments cause ethanol accumulation, which in turn drives the biosynthesis of ethyl esters. The increased ethanol concentration also competes with other alcohols for carboxyl groups for esterification reactions. The reduced AAT activity and limited availability of carboxyl groups due to ethanol competition decrease production of other acetate esters.

87. NAL Call No.: QK710.P62
Molecular cloning and sequencing of a cDNA for an auxin-repressed mRNA: correlation between fruit growth and repression of the auxin- regulated gene.
Reddy, A. S. N.; Poovaiah, B. W. Plant-Mol-Biol-Int-J-Mol-Biol-Biochem-Genet-Eng v.14(2): p.127-136. (1990 Feb.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; genes-; plant-proteins; auxins-; inhibition-; gene-expression; genetic-regulation; messenger-rna; fruits-; fruiting-; cloning-; nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences; ethylene-production; ethephon-; molecular-sequence-data

Abstract: A complementary DNA (cDNA) library has been constructed in lambdagt10 from poly(A)+ mRNA isolated from auxin-deprived strawberry receptacles. By differential plaque filter hybridization, a cDNA (lambdaSAR5) to an auxin-repressed mRNA has been isolated. The expression of the auxin-repressed gene is studied at various stages of normal fruit development and in fruits of variant strawberry genotype using lambdaSAR5 as a probe. Northern analyses of RNA isolated from pollinated and unpollinated fruits of various developmental stages revealed that mRNA corresponding to the lambdaSAR5 clone is repressed during normal fruit development, and the level of lambdaSAR5 mRNA is regulated by endogenous auxin. Furthermore, results with both normal and variant genotype strawberry fruit indicate that there is a positive correlation between growth of strawberry fruit and repression of mRNA corresponding to the lambdaSAR5 clone. The lambdaSAR5 cDNA has been sequenced and is 723 nucleotides in length. The deduced protein has 111 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 12.5 kDa. The putative polypeptide starts at nucleotide position 20 and ends at 352. The molecular weight of the predicted polypeptide is in agreement with the molecular weight of the in vitro translated polypeptide of hybrid selected mRNA. A comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of lambdaSAR5 with nucleotide and protein sequences in data banks has not revealed any homology to known proteins. [[currency]]

88. NAL Call No.: QK710.P62
Molecular cloning of cDNAs for auxin-induced mRNAs and developmental expression of the auxin-inducible genes.
Reddy, A. S. N.; Jena, P. K.; Mikherjee, S. K.; Poovaiah, B. W. Plant-Mol-Biol-Int-J-Mol-Biol-Biochem-Genet-Eng v.14(5): p.643-653. (1990 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; genes-; cloning-; messenger-rna; dna-; gene-expression; genetic-regulation; naa-; ethylene-; ethephon-; fruits-; crop- growth-stage; plant-development; developmental-stages; genotypes-

Abstract: By differential hybridization, two auxin-inducible cDNA clones (lambda SAR1 and lambda SAR2) have been isolated from a cDNA library constructed to poly(A)+ mRNA from auxin-treated strawberry receptacles. Both the clones have been used as probes to study the expression of the auxin-induced genes in pollinated and unpollinated fruits of various stages of development and in different organs. A high level of auxin-induced mRNAs is found in pollinated fruits as compared to unpollinated fruits of the same age, suggesting that the expression of the auxin-induced genes is developmentallyregulated and the level of auxin-induced mRNAs is regulated by endogenous auxin. Furthermore, our data on the expression of lambda SAR1 and lambda SAR2 genes in pollinated and unpollinated fruits revealed a positive correlation between growth of strawberry fruit and the induction of mRNA corresponding to the lambda SAR1 and lambda SAR2 clones. Ethylene has no effect on the expression of the auxin-induced mRNAs. lambda SAR1 mRNA is not detected in other parts of strawberry plants whereas lambda SAR2 mRNA is present in roots. Furthermore, mRNA corresponding to lambda SAR1 and lambda SAR2 is not detected in other auxin- responsive plant systems such as pea epicotyls and bean explants.

89. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Morphological variation in Fragaria virginiana from the Rocky Mountains.
Hokanson, K. E.; Harrison, R. E.; Luby, J. J.; Hancock, J. F. Acta-hortic (348): p.94-101. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-virginiana; plant-morphology; leaves-; geographical-variation; altitude-; clines-; idaho-; montana-; south-dakota; wyoming-

90. NAL Call No.: 470-C16C
Mycoflora of strawberry in Ontario.
McLean, M. A.; Sutton, J. C. Can-J-Bot-J-Can-Bot v.70(4): p.846-852. ill. (1992 Apr.)

Papers presented at the "Canadian Botanical Association Symposium on the Role of Structure and Development in Evolution," June 25, 1991, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; botrytis-cinerea; fungal-diseases; population-dynamics; ontario-

91. NAL Call No.: QK600.M82
A new fungal species forming arbuscular mycorrhizas: Glomus viscosum.
Walker, C.; Giovannetti, M.; Avio, L.; Citernesi, A. S.; Nicolson, T. H. Mycol-res v.99(pt. 12): p.1500-1506 (1995 Dec.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: glomus-; new-species; taxonomy-; descriptions-; mycorrhizal-fungi; fungal-spores; spore-germination; coatings-; soil-; roots-; colonization- ; histochemistry-; vesicular-arbuscular-mycorrhizas; helianthus-annuus; fragaria-vesca; plants-

92. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Nuclear magnetic resonance microimaging of strawberry fruit.
Maas, J. L.; Millard, M. M.; Line, M. J.; Galletta, G. J. Acta-hortic (348): p.375-377. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; plant-anatomy; microscopy-; imagery-

93. NAL Call No.: QK710.P62
Nucleotide sequence of an alcohol dehydrogenase gene in octoploid strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.).
Wolyn, D. J.; Jelenkovic, G. Plant-Mol-Biol-Int-J-Mol-Biol-Biochem-Genet-Eng v.14(5): p.855-857. (1990 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; multiple-genes; alcohol-dehydrogenase; cloning-; nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences; introns-; exons-; molecular-sequence-data; embl; x15588-

94. NAL Call No.: 450-J829
Nutrient sharing in natural clonal fragments of Fragaria chiloensis.
Alpert, P. J-ecol v.84(3): p.395-406. (1996)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-chiloensis; clones-; nitrate-; nitrogen-; stolons-; nutrient-transport; dunes-; duneland-plants; nutrient-uptake; growth-; dry-matter- accumulation; nutrient-availability; soil-fertility; nitrogen-content; leaves-; leaf-area; california-; ramets-; coastal-sand-dunes; clonal-growth

Abstract: The potential advantages of clonal growth in plants include increased growth due to resource sharing between ramets in patchy environments. Net increases in the biomass and vegetative spread of clones attributable to resource sharing have been amply demonstrated in artificial environments, but little tested in natural ones. This study examines nutrient sharing in the stoloniferous perennial herb Fragaria chiloensis in a natural population on coastal sand dunes in California. The main questions asked were: (1) How extensive is nutrient sharing? (2) Do patterns of nutrient sharing change in response to nutrient patchiness? (3) Does nutrient sharing increase growth? Three experiments were conducted, using clonal fragments in situ. Experiment 1 examined the extent of nutrient sharing when nutrient patchiness was minimal for the habitat, by tracing the movement of 15N within fragments that had all their ramets in low-nutrient microsites. Experiment 2 compared the extent of nutrient sharing when patchiness was maximal, by measuring the biomass and size of clonal fragments when a high-nutrient patch was artificially created around one of the ramets. Experiment 3 examined the effects of nutrient uptake without sharing, by measuring the growth of single ramets in high-nutrient patches. Nitrogen was shared between all the ramets along a stolon, but large net transfers took place only from older to younger ramets. There was no evidence that these patterns changed in response to the degree of nutrient patchiness. Apparent effects of nutrient sharing on growth included a significant increase in the total biomass of younger ramets, a possible decrease in the biomass of. likely to speed the growth of fragments away from high-nutrient patches, and so, at first sight, may appear disadvantageous. However, the long term effect of accelerated spread away from good patches must be tested in relation to natural patterns of resource patch dynamics.

95. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Occlusion of water pores prevents guttation in older strawberry leaves.
Takeda, F.; Wisniewski, M. E.; Glenn, D. M. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.116(6): p.1122-1125. (1991 Nov.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; leaves-; age-differences; water-; pores-; guttation-; closures-; scanning-electron-microscopy; hydathodes-

Abstract: Hydathodes of young, folded strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) leaves had unoccluded water pores with various sized apertures, as observed by low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. Hydathodes of fully expanded leaves were brownish and the water pores within the hydathodes were covered with a solid material, presumably comprised of epicuticular waxes and substances excreted through the hydathodes. The entire water pore area of the hydathode was occasionally covered with a shield-like plate. The shield-like plate over the hydathode water pores impeded water flow even with an induced positive pressure. Mechanical scraping of the hydathode area eliminated impedance to water conduction. These observations suggest that external occlusion of water pores in the hydathodes is the resistance component associated with the absence of guttation in older strawberry leaves.

96. NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69P
Occurrence of the strawberry pathotype of Alternaria alternata in Italy.
Wada, H.; Cavanni, P.; Bugiani, R.; Kodama, M.; Otani, H.; Kohmoto, K. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society]. Apr 1996. v. 80 (4) p. 372-374.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; alternaria-alternata; strains-; pathotypes-; fungal-diseases; leaf-spotting; etiology-; conidia-; fungal- morphology; fungal-spores; toxic-exudates; spore-germination; phytotoxicity-; necroses-; leaves-; mycotoxins-; host-range; italy-; af-toxin-1

Abstract: Recently in Italy, Alternaria black spot-like symptoms were observed on leaves and petioles of the strawberry cultivars Cesena, Dana, and Miss. The pathogen was identified as Alternaria alternata based on conidial morphology. Isolates of the fungus from Italy were pathogenic to susceptible cultivars of Japanese pear as well as strawberry among differential plants used to determine susceptibility to host-specific Alternaria toxins. Bioassay and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the fungus released host-specific AF-toxin I during spore germination. These data strongly suggest that the outbreak of Alternaria black spot of strawberry in Italy is caused by the strawberry pathotype of A. alternata.

97. NAL Call No.: SB951.P47
Physicochemical properties of agrochemicals: their effects on foliar penetration.
Baker, E. A.; Hayes, A. L.; Butler, R. C. Pestic-Sci v.34(2): p.167-182. (1992)
Includes references.

Descriptors: foliar-uptake; translocation-; agricultural-chemicals; surfactants-; physicochemical-properties; zea-mays; brassica-napus; beta-vulgaris; fragaria-ananassa; leaves-; penetration-; permeability-; duration-; species-differences; variation-; epicuticular-waxes

Abstract: Uptake and translocation of 26 chemicals (herbicides, fungicides, growth regulators, insecticides and model compounds), formulated with and without 'Ethylan TU'(NP8) surfactant, have been determined 24, 48 and 72 h after spraying onto leaves of maize, rape, strawberry and sugar beet. Eight of the chemicals may be classified as polar (log partition coefficient (P) < 0) and 18 as lipophilic (log P 0.8-4.6). Chemicals penetrated more readily into waxy leaves of rape and strawberry than into less-waxy sugar beet, whilst lowest rates were observed for maize. Rates of uptake varied from exceedingly low (< 2% 72 h after application) for uracil, maleic hydrazide, isoproturon and methyl phenylurea applied to maize, to rapid (> 98% within 24 h of application) for acephate and triadimefon applied to strawberry leaves. The effects of NP8 on rates of chemical uptake were classified into 4 types, viz: (i) low rates, with limited enhancement by NP8; (ii) high rates unaffected by NP8; (iii) marked enhancement by NP8; within 24 h; and (iv) continuous enhancement by NP8 over 0-72 h. Translocation into the tissues immediately adjacent to the target site was greater for waxy than less-waxy plants, enhancement by NP8 was attributed to its effects on penetration rather than to surfactant interactions at the sub-cuticular level. Logarithms of physicochemical properties (partition coefficient, water solubility S, molecular weight MW), together with deposit area and melting point (m.p.) values were used to investigate relationships with uptake and translocation. In most cases the variability could not be described adequately, in a simple linear form. Regressions using the entire group of 26 chemicals also showed poor correlations between uptake patterns and individual variables. Polynomials in log S, log P, log MW and m.p. were used to test for complex relationships. A quadratic polynomial in log P, log S and m.p. accounted for slightly more (77%) of the variability between the means for total uptake than a cubic polynomial in log P and log S (75%), Although both regressions were significant, the 'lack of fit' indicated that other factors need to be included to account fully for the variability in rates of uptake and translocation.

98. NAL Call No.: 56.9-So32
Plant density and cultivar effects on fruiting response of strawberry.
Albregts, E. E.; Chandler, C. K. Proc-Soil-Crop-Sci-Soc-Fla. [S.l.] : Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida. 1995. v. 54 p. 83-86.

Meeting held September 21-23, 1994, Daytona Beach Shores, Florida.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; crop-production; winter-; crop-density; crop-yield; fruits-; seasonal-fluctuations; fruiting-; timing-; production-costs; harvesting-; florida-; marketable-fruit-yield

99. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Plantlet regeneration and genetic transformation in soft fruit species.
Graham, J.; McNicol, R. J. Acta-Hortic (280): p.517-522. (1990 July)

In the series analytic: In vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding / edited by J. Janick and R.H. Zimmerman. Proceedings of an International Symposium, May 30-June 3, 1989, Bologna, Italy.

Descriptors: rubus-; ribes-; fragaria-; vaccinium-; genetic-transformation; gene-transfer; tissue-culture; transgenics-; agrobacterium-tumefaciens

100. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Pollinators of cultivared strawberry in Quebec.
Oliviera, D. d.; Savoie, L.; Vincent, C. Acta-Hortic (288): p.420-424. (1991 Jan.)

Paper presented at "The Sixth International Symposium on Pollination," August 27-31, 1990, Tilburg, Netherlands.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; pollination-; apis-mellifera; syrphidae-; quebec-; halictidae-

101. NAL Call No.: QK745.P56
Polyamines, floral induction and floral development of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.).
Tarenghi, E.; Martin Tanguy, J. Plant-growth-regul v.17(2): p.157-165. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; shoot-apices; plant-composition; putrescine-; spermidine-; spermine-; amines-; flowering-; developmental-stages; quantitative-analysis

Abstract: In the short-day plant, strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.), polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine), conjugated spermidine (water-insoluble compounds) and bound amines (putrescine, spermidine, phenylethylamine, 3-hydroxy, 4-methoxyphenylethylamine) accumulated in the shoot tips during floral induction and before floral emergence. Different associations of free amines and conjugated amines were observed during floral induction, as compared with the reproductive phase. During the whole period of floral development, phenylethylamine (an aromatic amine) was the predominant amine, representing 80 to 90% of the total free amine pool. Phenylethylamine conjugates (water-insoluble compounds) were the predominant amides observed prior to fertilization. These substances decreased drastically after fertilization. In vegetative shoot tips from plants grown continuously under long days, free polyamines (putrescine, spermidine) and bound polyamines (putrescine, spermidine) were low and no change was observed. Free amines (spermine and phenylethylamine), bound aromatic amines (phenylethylamine, 3-hydroxy, 4-methoxyphenylethylamine), conjugated spermidine and phenylethylamine did not appear. Male-sterile flowers were distinguished by their lack of conjugated spermidine and phenylethyalamine and by a decrease in free phenylethylamine. In normal and sterile strawberry plants alpha-DL-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), caused inhibition of flowering and free and polyamine conjugates. When putrescine was added, polyamine titers and flowering were restored. A similar treatment with alpha-DL-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA), a specific. decarboxylase (ODC) and polyamines are involved in regulating floral initiation in strawberry. The relationship between polyamines, aromatic amines, conjugates, floral initiation and male sterility is discussed.

102. NAL Call No.: 450-P5622
Polygalacturonase in strawberry fruit.
Nogata, Y.; Ohta, H.; Voragen, A. G. J. Phytochemistry-Oxford v.34(3): p.617-620. (1993 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; strawberries-; enzyme-activity; extracts-; polygalacturonase-; purification-; ripening-

Abstract: A low level of exo- and endo-polygalacturonase has been found in strawberry fruit (Fragaria ananassa, Duch. cv. Toyonoka). The activity was shown to consist of three enzymes that could be distinguished by cation exchange chromatography. PG 1 released a small amount of oligomers in addition to galacturonic acid. The other two enzymes (PG2 and 3) released only galacturonic acid. PG2 was purified 329-fold by ammonium sulphate fractionation, ion exchange, hydrophobic and gel filtration chromatography. The Mr of the enzyme was 52 000, it had a pH optimum of 5.5 and was inhibited by EDTA and citrate, and activated by Ca2+. Exo-PG activity decreased during development and ripening of the fruit.

103. NAL Call No.: 450-P5622
Polyphenol production in hairy root cultures of Fragaria X ananassa.
Motomori, Y.; Shimomura, K.; Mori, K.; Kunitake, H.; Nakashima, T.; Tanaka, M.; Miyazaki, S.; Ishimaru, K. Phytochemistry-Oxford v.40(5): p.1425-1428. (1995 Nov.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; agrobacterium-rhizogenes; roots-; cell-culture; biosynthesis-; polyphenols-; tannins-; flavonoids-; catechin-; cyanidin-; culture-media; growth-rate; plant-composition; leaves-; petioles-; calyx-; molecular-conformation; pedunculagin-; taxifolin-; receptacle-; molecular-structure

Abstract: Hairy roots of Fragaria X ananassa cv. Reikou, induced with Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834, grew well in hormone-free Murashige-Skoog (MS), root culture and Gamborg B5 liquid media. Particularly, in MS medium, hairy roots showed maximum growth (539 mg per flask, dry wt at week 8) producing high contents of polyphenols (especially (+)-catechin (0.59% dry wt at week 8) and procyanidin B-3 (0.80% dry wt at week 7). Polyphenol contents in the intact plant (leaf blade, petiole, calyx, receptacle and root) were also investigated.

104. NAL Call No.: 81-M58
Postharvest handling of strawberries and raspberries: maintaining quality from the field to the customer.
Goulart, B. L. Annu-rep-secr-State-Hortic-Soc-Mich (123): p.138-145. (1993)

Descriptors: strawberries-; raspberries-; postharvest-treatment; postharvest-physiology; crop-quality; storage-life; controlled-atmosphere-storage

105. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Postharvest response of two strawberry cultivars to foliar application of CaCl2.
Cheour, F.; Willemot, C.; Arul, J.; Makhlouf, J.; Desjardins, Y. HortScience v.26(9): p.1186-1188. (1991 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; strawberries-; crop-quality; storage-life; plant-composition; calcium-; firmness-; foliar-application; calcium- chloride; ripening-; application-rates; application-date; food-quality; varietal-reactions; quebec-

Abstract: Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of the foliar application of CaCl2 on the shelf life and Ca content of the fruit of the strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa) cultivars Kent and Glooscap, which differ in fruit firmness. Calcium was applied repeatedly, 3 days, 3 and 6 days, or 3, 6, and 9 days before harvest at 0, 10, or 20 kg.ha-1. Calcium treatment influenced amounts of free sugars and organic acids, color, texture, and disease development during storage in air at 4C. Calcium application had more effect on the fruit of the softer 'Glooscap', which contained relatively low levels of Ca at the time of treatment. Calcium content of the fruit appeared to depend mainly on the ability of the plant to accumulate and distribute Ca.

106. NAL Call No.: S631.F422
Pre-plant slow-release fertilization of strawberry plants before fertigation.
Cadahia, C.; Masaguer, A.; Vallejo, A.; Sarro, M. J.; Penalosa, J. M. Fertil-res v.34(3): p.191-195. (1993)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; preplanting-treatment; slow-release-fertilizers; npk-fertilizers; ibdu-; placement-; incorporation-; fertigation-; ammonium-nitrogen; nitrate-nitrogen; leaching-; losses-from-soil; nitrogen-; nutrient-uptake; growth-; use-efficiency; nitrogen-content; sap-; leaves-; roots-; weight-; flowering-; ripening-; crop-yield

Abstract: The advantages of pre-plant fertilization were studied by using a slow-release fertilizer (nitrophoska permanent) with strawberry plants (Fragaria ananassa, cv Chandler) before fertigation. A sandy soil was used in the experiment in conditions of abundant rain. When the slow- release NPK was mixed with soil, the leachate analysis of a glasshouse crop showed a lower loss of N and therefore a lower degree of ground water contamination compared with the traditional NPK fertilizer. However, when the fertilizer in question was placed at 10 cm from the surface, as in the case of ornamental plants, the results were less favourable. Consequently, the slow-release fertilizer mixed with the soil not only increases the N uptake by the plant as well as the leaf and root weight. but it also produces higher yields.

107. NAL Call No.: 450-P567
Preconditioning and acclimatization, in greenhouse conditions, of micropropagated plantlets of strawberry, mint, potato, and grapevine. Preacondicionamiento y aclimatacion, en condiciones de invernaculo, de plantulas micropropagadas de frutilla, menta, papa y vid.
Riquelme, C.; Guinazu, M. E.; Tizio, R. Phyton v.52(1): p.73-82. (1991)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; mentha-; solanum-tuberosum; vitis-; in-vitro-culture; growth-; sucrose-; dosage-effects

108. NAL Call No.: 389.8-F7322
Production of anthocyanin from strawberry cell suspension cultures; effects of sugar and nitrogen.
Mori, T.; Sakurai, M. J-food-sci v.59(3): p.588-593. (1994 May-1994 June)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; strawberries-; cell-culture; culture-media; sugar-; nitrogen-; anthocyanins-; biosynthesis-

Abstract: Production of anthocyanins was investigated, controlling sugar concentration and ratio of ammonium: nitrate in culture medium of strawberry, Fragaria ananassa cv Shikinari. Anthocyanins were produced under 8000 lux for 2 wk using calli derived from suspension cultures of leaf tissues. Yield was greatest in modified LS medium containing 5% sucrose (W/V), a ratio of NH4(+) (2 mM):NO3- (28 mM), 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and benzyladenine. Total anthocyanin was about 15 mg/100 mL of culture medium, almost six times greater than that in MS medium. Effects of sugars were also studied using eight sugars. Cell growth and anthocyanin accumulation were enhanced by glucose, sucrose, and fructose, but anthocyanin compositions were not affected. Major anthocyanins were peonindin-3-glucoside and cyanidin- 3-glucoside. Peonidin-3-glucoside increased with an increase in the NH4+: NO3- ratio at nitrogen concentration 30 mM, while that of cyanidin- 3-glucoside changed vice versa.

109. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Re-examination of the photosynthetic capacity of in vitro-cultured strawberry plantlets.
Yue, D.; Gosselin, A.; Desjardins, Y. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.118(3): p.419-424. (1993 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; photosynthesis-; micropropagation-; growth-; leaves-; in-vitro; rooting-; growing-media

Abstract: Photosynthesis and growth of in vitro-cultured strawberry plantlets (Fragaria X ananassa Duch. cv Kent) were investigated during a 4- week in vitro culture in a rooting medium and a 4-week ex vitro period. The leaves formed in vitro on a medium containing sucrose developed a positive photosynthetic capacity. At transplanting to the ex vitro environment, their photosynthetic rate was 12.76 micromoles CO2/ml per second, which was as high as that of leaves generated and grown in the greenhouse. During the ex vitro period, photosynthetic rates of in vitro- generated leaves decreased and dark respiration rates increased. However, in vitro leaves were photosynthetically active throughout the 4 weeks ex vitro. In the first 2 weeks of the ex vitro period, in vitro-generated leaves had an important contribution to the overall plantlets' photosynthetic capacity.

110. NAL Call No.: 450-R11
Reciprocal transplant study of clones of strawberry proliferating in an irradiation field: morphometrics.
Sheppard, S. C.; Ross, H. A.; Hawkins, J. L. Environ-Exp-Bot v.32(4): p.383-389. (1992 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-virginiana; gamma-radiation; clones-; artificial-selection; transplanting-; field-experimentation; long-term-experiments; plant- morphology; boreal-forests; genetic-variance; phenotypes-; genotypes-; genotypic-variance

111. NAL Call No.: 450-R34
Rediscovery of the many-crowned strawberry, Fragaria multicipita Fernald.
Catling, P. M. Rhodora v.95(883/884): p.225-233. (1993 July-1993 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; germplasm-; genetic-resources; species-; geographical-distribution; taxonomy-; quebec-; endemic-species

112. NAL Call No.: QK725.I43
Reduction of ribulose-1,5-disphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase efficiency by the presence of sucrose during the tissue culture of strawberry plantlets.
Hdider, C.; Desjardins, Y. In-vitro-cell-dev-biol,-Plant v.31(3): p.165-170. (1995 July-1995 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; tissue-culture; micropropagation-; ribulose-bisphosphate-carboxylase; enzyme-activity; sucrose-; culture-media; photosynthesis-

113. NAL Call No.: SB951.P47
Residues of methomyl in strawberries, tomatoes and cucumbers.
Ahmed, M. T.; Ismail, S. M. M. Pestic-sci v.44(2): p.197-199. (1995 June)
Includes references.

Descriptors: methomyl-; pesticide-residues; fragaria-ananassa; lycopersicon-esculentum; foliar-application; plant-extracts; strawberries-; tomatoes-; cucumbers-; food-contamination; hplc-; rapid-methods; egypt-

Abstract: An accurate and rapid high performance liquid chromatography method was developed to monitor residues of methomyl in plant extracts. The rate of disappearance of foliage-applied methomyl from strawberries, tomatoes and cucumbers was studied. Residues reached levels of 0.55, 0.2 and 0.6 mg kg-1 seven days after methomyl had been applied to strawberries, tomatoes and cucumbers, respectively. Results also showed that rinsing treated fruits with tap water removed considerable amounts of methomyl. Samples of strawberries, tomatoes and cucumbers were collected from local markets at Ismailia, and checked for methomyl residues. Residues in 12.5% of tomato and 25% of strawberry samples were above 0.2 mg kg-1.

114. NAL Call No.: KyU Thesis-1991-Zhang
Responses of Fragaria chiloensis and F. virginiana to water deficit stress.
Zhang, B. 1. 1991. x, 150 leaves : ill., Includes vita and abstract.

Descriptors: Strawberries-; Plants,-Effect-of-stress-on

115. NAL Call No.: MdU LD3231.M70d-Mohamed,-F.H.
The role of plant growth regulators in tissue culture-induced rejuvenation of strawberry plants.
Mohamed, F. H.; University of Maryland at College Park. Dept. of Horticulture. 1990. ix, 131 leaves : ill., Thesis research directed by Dept. of Horticulture.

Descriptors: Plant-regulators; Plant-tissue-culture

116. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Salinity and shading effects on leaf water relations and ionic composition of strawberry plants grown on rockwool.
Awang, Y. B.; Atherton, J. G. J-hortic-sci v.69(2): p.377-383. (1994 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-; salinity-; shading-; leaf-water-potential; osmotic-pressure; chemical-composition; chloride-; nitrates-; leaves-; solar-radiation; photosynthesis-; canopy-; temperature-; relative-humidity

117. NAL Call No.: 80-J825
Salinity effects on strawberry plants grown in rockwool. I. Growth and leaf water relations.
Awang, Y. B.; Atherton, J. G.; Taylor, A. J. J-hortic-sci v.68(5): p.783-790. (1993 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; greenhouse-crops; growth-; leaf-water-potential; rockwool-; salinity-; hydroponics-; nutrient-solutions; osmosis-

118. NAL Call No.: 4-Am34P
Salt tolerance of birdsfoot trefoil.
Ayers, A. D. J-Am-Soc-Agron v.40(4): p.331-334. (1948 Apr.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: lotus-corniculatus; salt-tolerance; irrigation-water; soil-salinity; crop-yield; western-states-of-usa

Abstract: Abstract: Salt tolerance tests in progress at the U.S. Regional Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, Calif., indicate that this variety of birdsfoot trefoil, var. tennuifolius, has a high salt tolerance and can stand high summer temperatures. It compares favorably with alfalfa and appears to be better adapted to salinity and high summer temperatures than red, alsike, ladino, and strawberry clovers. It is also superior to big trefoil. Such characteristics as palatability, fiber and protein content, suvival longevity form of growth, and management practices have not been studied for saline conditions. However, McKee and Schoth indicated that when this plant is grown under non-saline conditions, these characteristics are very good. Trials are being continued to deterine the effect of seasonal changes and of the length of time under continued saline conditions on the growth and salt tolerance of this plant. On the basis of the results obtained to date, it is suggested that the relative salt tolerance of this variety should be considered in formulating seed mixtures for pastures in the saline areas of the western states.

119. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Seasonal differences in soluble and insoluble nonstructural carbohydrates in rowcovered and non-rowcovered strawberry.
Gast, K. L. B.; Pollard, J. E. Acta-Hortic (265): p.369-376. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; crop-; covers-; foliar-diagnosis; carbohydrates-; seasonal-variation; winter-; straw-mulches

120. NAL Call No.: QK867.J67
Seasonal patterns of growth and tissue nutrient content in strawberry.
May, G. M.; Pritts, M. P.; Kelly, M. J. J-plant-nutr v.17(7): p.1149-1162. (1994)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; nutrient-content; mineral-content; leaves-; roots-; crown-; fruits-; dry-matter-accumulation; crop-growth-stage; fruiting-; seasonal-variation

Abstract: At monthly intervals during the establishment year, 90 strawberry plants were excavated and separated into component parts, dried, weighed, and nutrient analyses were performed on the tissues. When growth resumed in spring, biomass and foliar nutrient levels were again measured until fruiting. Individual plant growth was linear during the establishment year, with leaves accounting for the highest percentage of accumulated biomass. In general, nutrient concentrations during the establishment year either remained relatively constant, or declined. The percent increase in biomass accumulation was always greater than the percent decline in nutrient concentration, indicating that strawberry plants have a continuing demand for nutrients during the establishment year. About 50% of the biomass was lost during the winter, mainly in foliage. However, within six weeks of resuming growth in spring, plant size was equivalent to that of the previous autumn. The root system was the only tissue to exhibit a reduction in biomass during fruiting. During this time, foliar nutrients displayed very different concentration patterns. Although this period of fluctuating nutrient levels is generally avoided for leaf sampling and analysis, it is likely that this is when nutrient limitations will have their most pronounced effects.

121. NAL Call No.: QK725.P54
Selection for Fusarium wilt disease resistance from regenerants derived from leaf callus of strawberry.
Toyoda, H.; Horikoshi, K.; Yamano, Y.; Ouchi, S. Plant-Cell-Rep v.10(4): p.167-170. (1991)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fusarium-oxysporum; disease-resistance; plant-breeding; selection-; callus-; in-vitro-culture; regenerative-ability; fusarium-oxysporum-f; sp; -fragariae

Abstract: Resistant lines of strawberry to the fungal wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae were selected strawberry plants regenerated from leaf-derived callus tissues. Regenerants were transplanted to a field heavily infested with this pathogen, and normally growing plants were selected as the putative resistant lines. Daughter plants produced vegetatively through runner formation of the lines were similarly tested in the pathogen-infested field over an additional three generations. Finally, two resistant lines were obtained from a total of 1,225 regenerants. The stable propagation of disease resistance in these lines was confirmed by directly inoculating the daughter plants with the pathogen and planting in a pathogen-infested soil. All of the control plants were efficiently infected and died within one month. The isolated plant lines grew and developed runners even after direct inoculation and produced daughter plants in this soil. Thus, the present study demonstrated the existence of somaclonal variation for disease resistance against a soil-borne fungal pathogen.

122. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Sensitive stage of strawberry fruit to light for coloration.
Miura, H.; Shimizu, A.; Imada, S. Acta-hortic (345): p.63-65. (1993 June)

Paper presented at the "Session on Small Fruits at the 23rd International Horticultural Conference," August 27-September 1, 1990, Florence, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; ripening-; pigmentation-; light-; anthocyanins-

123. NAL Call No.: S295.M3
Shoot organogenesis in strawberry as affected by growth regulators and explant age and size.
Rashid, A. A. Malays-Appl-Biol-Biol-Gunaan-Malays v.20(2): p.147-154. (1991 Dec.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; organogenesis-; shoots-; plant-growth-regulators; explants-; age-; size-; regenerative-ability

124. NAL Call No.: QK725.P54
Shoot regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Fragaria vesca L.
El Mansouri, I.; Mercado, J. A.; Valpuesta, V.; Lopez Aranda, J. M.; Pliego Alfaro, F.; Quesada, M. A. Plant-cell-rep v.15(8): p.642-646. (1996)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-vesca; leaves-; genetic-transformation; gene-transfer; transgenic-plants; plasmids-; agrobacterium-tumefaciens; methodology-; culture-media; benzyladenine-; iba-; dosage-effects; regenerative-ability; gene-expression; explants-; shoots-; growth-; kanamycin-; resistance-; rooting-capacity; beta-glucuronidase-; enzyme-activity; rapid-methods; developmental-stages; plant-morphology; plant-anatomy; murashige-and-skoog-medium; pbi121-plasmids

Abstract: An efficient and reliable method for shoot regeneration from leaf disks of Fragaria vesca L. has been developed. This protocol has been successfully employed to obtain transformed plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens as gene vector. Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with benzyladenine 4 mg/l) and indole-3-butyric acid (0.25 mg/l) induced the maximum percentage of shoot regeneration (98%) and the highest number of shoot colonies per explant (4.6) after 8 weeks of culture. Isolated shoots would elongate and proliferate when the benzyladenine concentration was lowered to 0.5 mg/l. The established protocol for shoot regeneration was employed to transform leaf disks using Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying the plasmid pBI121. A 7.7% of the inoculated explants showed kanamycin resistance after 10 weeks of selection in a medium containing 25 mg/l of this antibiotic. The transgenic shoots obtained were rooted in the presence of 25 mg/l kanamycin and successfully acclimatized. The final percentage of transformation obtained based on beta-glucuronidase expression was 6.9%.

125. NAL Call No.: QK725.P53
Short-term studies of 15NO-3 and 15NH4+ uptake by micropropagated strawberry shoots cultured with or without CO2 enrichment.
Hdider, C.; Vezina, L. P.; Desjardins, Y. Plant-cell,-tissue-organ-cult v.37(2): p.185-191. (1994 May)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; ion-uptake; nitrate-; ammonia-; shoots-; micropropagation-; carbon-dioxide-enrichment; photoperiod-; rooting-capacity; developmental-stages; culture-media; cell-growth

126. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Solute accumulation in leaves of a Fragaria chiloensis and a F. virginiana selection responds to water deficit stress.
Zhang, B.; Archbold, D. D. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.118(2): p.280-285. (1993 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-chiloensis; leaves-; amino-acids; carbohydrates-; drought-resistance; osmosis-; plant-water-relations; solutes-; stress-

Abstract: The effect of water deficit stress on the foliar solute concentration of Fragaria chiloensis Duch. cv. 'BSP14' (FC) and F. virginiana Duch. cv. 'NCC85-13V' (FV) was studied to assess solute contribution to osmotic adjustment. Plants were stressed for three wilting cycles by withholding water until incipient witting, followed by a recovery period. The length of each cycle for the FC selection was 3-fold that for the FV selection. Wilting of FC plants occurred at a leaf water potential 1.1 MPa lower, a leaf osmotic potential 0.45 MPa lower, and a relative water content (RWC) 14% lower than for FV plants. Leaf water potential at osmotic potential at full turgor was reduced in the FC selection from 0.11 to 0.27 MPa but not in the FV selection. Water deficit stress increased the total foliar soluble carbohydrate (TSC) concentration from 1.4- to 2.4-fold for FC during each cycle. Glucose and fructose were the primary carbohydrates, comprising > 50% of the TSC. Leaf starch concentration decreased appreciably to 4% to 6% of nonstressed (control) levels for FC during each cycle. In the FC selection, the TSC: starch ratio was considerably higher, 30- to 50-fold, in stressed than in control plants. No consistent changes in solute or starch concentration were observed in the FV selection. Total free amino acid concentration increased from 1.8- to 2.7-fold in FC plants in response to stress. Proline accumulation was not detected. The solutes, TSC and amino acids, accounted for < 40% of the measured osmotic potential at full turgor in control plants, although the average contribution of these solutes to the measured leaf osmotic potential at full turgor increased to 40% or more in stressed FC plants. However, the stress-induced increase in solute concentration fully accounted for the reduction of leaf osmotic potential at full turgor in the FC selection plants.

127. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Some morphological properties correlating with heat resistance and keeping quality for strawberry breeding.
Duan, X.; Ma, H.; Dai, Z. Acta-hortic (403): p.246-248. (1995 July)

Paper presented at the International Symposium on Cultivar Improvement of Horticultural Crops. Part II: Fruit Crops, September 6-10, 1993, Beijing, China.

Descriptors: fragaria-; cultivars-; fruits-; size-; leaves-; corolla-; shape-; plant-morphology; heat-resistance; keeping-quality; plant-breeding

128. NAL Call No.: 80-AC82
Source-sink relations in fruits IV. Fruit number and fruit growth in strawberry.
Hansen, P. Acta-Hortic (265): p.377-381. (1989 Dec.)

Paper presented at the "International Strawberry Symposium-vol. II," / edited by G.J. Galletta, J.L. Maas and P. Rosati, May 22-27, 1988, Cesena, Italy.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; flowers-; thinning-; effects-; fruit-; leaves-; ratios-; size-; ripening-; dry-matter-accumulation

129. NAL Call No.: SB1.H6
Strawberry growth and photosynthetic responses to paclobutrazol.
Deyton, D. E.; Cummins, J. C. HortScience v.26(9): p.1178-1180. (1991 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; growth-retardation; paclobutrazol-; foliar-application; application-rates; application-date; growth-rate; runners-; dry- matter-accumulation; leaf-area; photosynthesis-; crop-yield; fruits-; stomatal-resistance; tennessee-

Abstract: Abstract: Foliar sprays of increasing concentrations (0, 75, 150, 300, 600, and 1200 mg.liter-1) of paclobutrazol were applied to 'Cardinal' strawberry plants (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) 35 days after transplanting. The plants were established in August in cultivated plots for measurement of paclobutrazol effects on first year growth or in a double-row hill system on black polyethylene-covered raised beds for 2nd year measurements. Increasing the paclobutrazol concentration reduced the number of runners, decreased runner length, and limited biomass partitioned into daughter plants. By the end of the first growing season, paclobutrazol had increased lateral crown development but reduced leaf area per treated plant. Root growth was reduced by concentrations >600 mg.liter-1. Treatment with 75 to 300 mg.liter-1 increased total plant dry weight by 33% to 46%. The following spring, plant growth was decreased by greater than or equal to 300 mg.liter-1. Yield was increased by all treatments, except 1200 mg.liter-1. Leaf net photosynthesis increased within 12 days after treatment with paclobutrazol and was higher than in the controls the next summer. Leaf stomatal conductance also increased the first year and was significantly higher the 2nd year after treatment. The optimum concentration of paclobutrazol for strawberries appears to be between 150 and 300 mg.liter-1.

130. NAL Call No.: 107.6-SA23
Studies on the everbearing behavior of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) with special reference to effects of daylength and temperature.
Yanagi, T. Bull-Univ-Osaka-Prefect-Ser-B-Agric-Biol. Sakai, Osaka : The University. 1992. v. 44 p. 115-144.
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; everbearing-habit; buds-; formation-; photoperiod-; temperature-; prechilling-

131. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
A study to measure regulate & control strawberry runner vigor.
Salmond, C.; McGruddy, P. Acta-hortic (348): p.261-263. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; transplanting-; runners-; vigor-; stress-; plant-disorders; fruits-; plant-composition; total-suspended-solids

132. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Sugar content, compartmentation, and efflux in strawberry tissue.
John, O. A.; Yamaki, S. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.119(5): p.1024-1028. (1994 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; nutrient-transport; sucrose-; glucose-; fructose-; plant-composition; growth-stages; abscisic-acid; cytoplasm-; vacuoles-; intercellular-spaces; quantitative-analysis

Abstract: Using the compartmental analysis method, the distribution of sucrose, glucose, and fructose and their efflux from the free space, cytoplasm, and vacuole were determined in Nyoho strawberries (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) picked 25 or 35 days after pollination (DAP). At both stages, >70% of total sugar accumulated in the vacuole. Concentration of sugar in the free space increased from 167 mM in fruit at 25 DAP to 217 mM at 35 DAP, whereas that within the cell (cytoplasm + vacuole) increased from 233 to 352 mM. Permeability of the plasma membrane to sucrose, glucose, and fructose was higher than that of the tonoplast and, except for that of fructose, the permeability of the plasma membrane to sugars increased with fruit maturation. ABA at 10(-5) M compared to 10(-4) M restricted the release of all sugars from fruit discs and was due mainly to reduced efflux across the plasma membrane rather than the tonoplast. Thus ABA may stimulate the accumulation of sugars in fruit flesh by restricting their efflux.

133. NAL Call No.: 442.8-L77
Synthesis of ellagic acid 0-alkyl derivatives and isolation of ellagic acid as a tetrahexanoyl derivative from Fragaria ananassa.
Heur, Y. H.; Zeng, W. G.; Stoner, G. D.; Nemeth, G. A.; Hilton, B. J-Nat-Prod v.55(10): p.1402-1407. (1992 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; ellagic-acid; derivatives-; isolation-; pharmacology-; plant-extracts; synthesis-; antineoplastic-agents

134. NAL Call No.: 450-P5622
Taxifolin 3-arabinoside from Fragaria x ananassa.
Ishimaru, K.; Omoto, T.; Asai, I.; Ezaki, K.; Shimomura, K. Phytochemistry-Oxford v.40(1): p.345-347. (1995 Sept.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; roots-; spectral-analysis; plant-composition; flavonoids-; molecular-conformation; tannins-; arabinose-; derivatives-; catechin-; cyanidin-; pedunculagin-; molecular-structure

Abstract: From the roots of Fragaria x a new flavonoid, (+)-taxifolin 3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside was isolated and its structure was established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. A hydrolysable tannin pedunculagin, and condensed tannins, (+)-catechin, (+)-afzelechin- (4 alpha- 8)-(+)-catechin, procyanidin B-3 and procyanidin B-6 were also isolated.

135. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Temporal distribution of flavonol glycosides in strawberry leaves.
Maas, J. L.; Griesbach, R. J.; Galletta, G. J. Acta-hortic (348): p.370-374. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; flavonoids-; flavonols-; leaves-; temporal-variation

136. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Tonic composition and strength of culture medium affect photoautotrophic growth, transpiration and net photosynthetic rates of strawberry plantlets in vitro.
Yang, C. S.; Kozai, T.; Jeong, B. R. Acta-hortic (393): p.219-226. (1995 Mar.)

Paper presented at the XXIVth International Horticultural Congress on Environmental Effects and Their Control in Plant Tissue Culture, August 21-27, 1994, Kyoto, Japan.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; micropropagation-; tissue-culture; photosynthesis-; transpiration-; growth-; dry-matter-accumulation; culture-media; ion- strength-effects

137. NAL Call No.: QK725.P54
Transient gene expression in strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) protoplasts and the recovery of transgenic plants.
Nyman, M.; Wallin, A. Plant-Cell-Rep v.11(2): p.105-108. (1992)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; protoplasts-; gene-transfer; transgenics-; gene-expression; beta-glucuronidase-; enzyme-activity; callus-; regenerative- ability; genetic-transformation; electroporation-

Abstract: A transient beta-glucuronidase (GUS)-assay was performed to evaluate electroporation parameters and optimize DNA delivery conditions into strawberry protoplasts. Optimal GUS-activity was obtained when protoplasts were subjected to 400 V/cm for 20 ms. GUS-activity could be further increased by the addition of carrier DNA to the electroporation mixture. Callus selected on 10 microgram/ml hygromycin produced shoots which exhibited GUS-activity. The transformed nature of the shoots obtained after selection was confirmed by DNA-analysis.

138. NAL Call No.: 450-P5622
UDP-glucose:flavonoid O-glucosyltransferase from strawberry fruit.
Cheng, G. W.; Malencik, D. A.; Breen, P. J. Phytochemistry-Oxford v.35(6): p.1435-1439. (1994 Apr.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; fruits-; plant-composition; udp-; glucose-; flavonoids-; biosynthesis-; glycosyltransferases-; enzyme-activity; ripening-; developmental-stages; purification-

Abstract: An enzyme catalysing the glucosylation of quercetin at the 7-hydroxyl group using uridine diphosphate-D-glucose (UDPGlc) as the glucosyl donor was partially purified ca 100-fold from ripening strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch. cv Tillikum) fruit. The apparent Km values for UDPGlc and quercetin were 0.14 and 0.04 mM, respectively. The optimum pH of this glucosylation reaction was 7.5. Enzymatic activity was slightly stimulated by Ca2+ and Mg2+, but was completely inhibited by Cu2+ and p-chloromercuribenzenesulphonic acid (PCMBS). A Mr of ca 55000 was determined by gel filtration. The substrate specificity was broad. Flavonoids glucosylated included flavonols, flavonones and a flavone, but the highest activity was observed with the isoflavone, biochanin A.

139. NAL Call No.: 442.8-AN72
Ultrastructural changes associated with June Yellows in strawberry and with leaf yellowing symptoms of viral and genetic origin in Fragaria, Rubus and Ribes.
Watkins, C. A.; Roberts, I. M.; Jones, A. T. Ann-Appl-Biol v.121(1): p.151-160. (1992 Aug.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-vesca; ribes-nigrum; rubus-; leaves-; yellows-diseases; plant-viruses; symptoms-; ultrastructure-; england-; wales-

140. NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82
Vegetative growth attributes of North American cultivars with differing temperature regimes.
Rariden, J. M.; Shaw, D. V. Acta-hortic (348): p.109-116. (1993 Aug.)

Paper presented at the Second International Strawberry Symposium held September 13-18, 1992, Beltsville, Maryland.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; cultivars-; genotypes-; genotype-environment-interaction; growth-; air-temperature; environmental-temperature; geographical-variation; california-; oregon-; washington-; northeastern-states-of-usa; southeastern-states-of-usa

141. NAL Call No.: SB123.P535
The viability and storage of strawberry pollen.
Zebrowska, J. Plant-breed v.114(5): p.469-470. (1995 Oct.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; viability-; cold-storage; freezing-; genotypes-; pollen-; pollen-germination; pollination-; set-; gene-banks

142. NAL Call No.: QD1.A45
Volatile compounds from strawberry foliage and flowers: air versus nitrogen entrainment; quantitative changes and plant development.
Hamilton Kemp, T. R.; Loughrin, J. H.; Andersen, R. A.; Rodriguez, J. G. ACS-symp-ser (525): p.229-239. (1993)

In the series analytic: Bioactive volatile compounds from plants / edited by R. Teranishi, R.G. Buttery and H. Sugisawa. Meeting held April 5-10, 1992, San Francisco, California.

Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; volatile-compounds; fruits-; leaves-; strawberries-; isolation-techniques; plant-composition; crop-growth-stage; headspace-volatiles

Abstract: Headspace compounds were isolated from detached strawberry foliage by using both air and nitrogen as entrainment gases and trapping on the porous polymer Tenax. Compounds were eluted from traps with hexane, analyzed by GC and GC-MS, and identified by comparison with authentic standards. The profile of volatiles entrained with nitrogen differed considerably from that obtained with air; the former yielded more aliphatic alcohols, esters, and aromatics and the latter yielded greater quantities of terpene hydrocarbons. Air was selected for subsequent experiments including entrainment of flower headspace volatiles which contained aromatic compounds not found in foliage. The developmental stage of the plants also affected the types and quantities of compounds obtained. Considerably more headspace volatiles were isolated from foliage of flowering plants in early Spring than were obtained during later stages of plant development. Removal of the fruit which represented a metabolic sink for the plants did not significantly alter emission of foliage volatiles compared to that from controls.

143. NAL Call No.: 81-SO12
Water relations of a Fragaria chiloensis and a F. virginiana selection during and after water deficit stress.
Zhang, B.; Archbold, D. D. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.118(2): p.274-279. (1993 Mar.)
Includes references.

Descriptors: fragaria-chiloensis; fragaria-virginiana; drought-resistance; osmosis-; plant-water-relations; stress-; water-deficit

Abstract: A comparative study was performed to elucidate changes in the water relations of Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch. 'BSP14' (FC) and F. virginiana (L.) Duch. 'NCC85-13V' (FV), grown in containers in a greenhouse, in response to imposed water deficit stress and subsequent recovery. At incipient wilting, a r