ISSN: 1052-5378

Rural America's Elderly

January 1983 - January 1993

Compiled by Patricia LaCaille John
Rural Information Center

Quick Bibliography Series: QB 93-36

256 citations in English from AGRICOLA

Rural Information Center
National Agricultural Library
Beltsville, MD 20705-2351
(800) 633-7701, or (301) 504-5372

May 1993

National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:

John, Patricia La Caille

Rural America's elderly. (Quick bibliography series ; 93-36) Rural aged--United States--Bibliography. I. Title. aZ5071.N3 no.93-36

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RURAL AMERICA'S ELDERLY
      
      
    
    
  
   
 

SEARCH STRATEGY

Line Command
 
 

 
 ss (rural or nonmetro?)/ti,de,eng
 
 
 ss ((small) (1n) (town? or communit? or city or
 cities))/ti,de,eng
 
 
 
 ss (county or counties)/ti,de,eng
 
 
 
 ss rural community services/sh
 
 
 ss rural sociology/sh
 
 
 ss old?()America?()act?/ti,de,eng
 
 
 ss (aging or aged or elder? or retire?)/ti,de,eng
 
 
 ss ((adult? or citizen? or people? or parent? or person?
 or indian? or America? or aged or retire?) (3n) (older or old
 or elder? or senior? or aging))/ti,de,eng
 
 
 ss (s1 or s2 or s3 or s4 or s5 or s6)
 
 
 ss (s7 or s8)
 
 
 ss (s9 and s10)
 
 
 ss (s11 not Africa? not Zealand not Chin? not Tanzania?
 not Nigeria? not Malaysia not Italy not Andhra() Prad? not
 box()elder?)/ti,de,eng
 
 
 ss ((py=1983:1987) or (py=1988:1993))
 
 
14. ss s12 and s13

RURAL AMERICA'S ELDERLY
 

1 NAL Call. No.: HV1450.B8
10 persons for rural elderly services.
Bull, C. Neil; Bane, Share DeCroix
Kansas City, Mo : National Resource Center for Rural Elderly, University of Missouri,; 1990.
195 p. ; 28 cm. Includes indexes. "This document was supported, in part, by a grant, No. 90-AM-0349, from the Administration on Aging, Department of Health and Human Services.

Language: English

Descriptors: Aged

2 NAL Call. No.: HA631.5.N48
1986 estimates of the elderly population (age 65+). Brookings, S.D. : The Station; 1987 Sep. Newsletter - Department of Rural Sociology, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University v. 2 (2): 2 p. maps; 1987 Sep. Includes statistical data.

Language: English

Descriptors: South Dakota; Population change; Estimates; Elderly; Statistical data

3 NAL Call. No.: RA771.A1J68
The 1990s and beyond: determining the need for community health and primary care nurses for rural populations. Hanson, C.M.
Kansas City, Mo. : National Rural Health Association; 1991. The Journal of rural health v. 7 (4,suppl.): p. 413-426; 1991. In the series analytic: Issues and Trends in Availability of Heath Care Personnel in Rural America / edited by D.A. Kindig and T.C. Ricketts. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Health care; Health services; Rural communities; Nurses; Needs assessment; Medical education; Roles; Technology; Telecommunications; Self management; Schools; Pediatrics; Elderly; Mental health; Migrants; Anesthetics; Midwives; Health care costs

Abstract: Increased numbers of primary care and advanced practice nurses with unique generalist skills will be required to meet the accelerating physiologic and sociocultural health care needs of rural population. Several factors have been identified that will influence the demands and position of community-based nurses in rural practice settings during the next decade. A back-to-basics type of health care offered out of a growing elderly population; technological breakthroughs that make it possible for more chronically ill patients to live at home; serious substance abuse and other adolescent problems; AIDS; and high infant morbidity and mortality statistics are only some of the concerns that will demand nursing intervention. These changes speak to the need for improved nursing coordination, stronger collegial relationships, and better communication between physicians and nurses. Health care is moving in new directions to offer more efficient and technologically sophisticated care. These changes enhance the need for clinically expert educators who teach and jointly practice in programs with a rural focus. Telecommunications, and heightened computer literacy, will play a major role both in nursing education and clinical practice. The goals of kindergarten through 12th grades health promotion and disease prevention strategies in school health will be the norm and will require better prepared, and positions for, school nurses. More midwives and public health nurses will be needed to care for the growing population of sexually active adolescents who are in need of family planning and prenatal care. Underinsured and indigent populations will continue to fall within the purview of midlevel practitioners, as will providing anesthesia services in small rural hospitals. The transition of some rural hospitals into expanded primary care units (e.g., EACHs and RPCHs), and new models of case management will greatly influence nursing demands. This paper will further identify critical ar

4 NAL Call. No.: HV1461.A28
Abuse of the elderly a guide to resources and services. Costa, Joseph J.
Lexington, Mass. : Lexington Books,; 1984. xiii, 289 p. ; 24 cm. Includes index. Bibliography: p. 225-289.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged; United States; Abuse of; Aged; United States; Crimes against; Aged; Services for; United States

5 NAL Call. No.: KF27.5.A3 1990l
Access to services for rural elderly New Mexicans hearing before the Select Committee on Aging, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, June 23, 1990, Santa Fe, NM.
United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Aging Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1991; Y 4.Ag 4/2:Se 6/6. iii, 117 p. : ill., map ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Shipping list no.: 91-213-P. Comm. pub. no. 100-790.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Rural aged; Rural health services

6 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 AM34
ADA takes proactive stance, testifies on Older Americans Act reauthorization. Posner, B.
Chicago, Ill. : The Association; 1984 Jul. Journal of the American Dietetic Association v. 84 (7): p. 822-835; 1984 Jul. Includes 57 references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Elderly; Old age; Social policy; Health protection; Administration; Nutrition education; Elderly nutrition; Food safety; Sanitation

Abstract: The American Dietetic Association (ADA) took an active position to support reauthorization of the Older Americans Act (OAA) before it was presented to Congress. A number of registered dietitians presented oral testimony to interested committee members, while the written testimony was presented to both the Senate and House. The 5 major issues were 1) community-based, long-term care; 2) funding and administration of the programs; 3) nutrition education; 4) food safety and sanitation; and 5) nutrient standards. Each position paper contained the ADA position, proposed modifications to the OAA, and position rationale. (kbc)

7 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 AM34
ADA testimony on the 1987 reauthorization of the Older Americans Act of 1965. Chicago, Ill. : The Association; 1987 Jul.
Journal of the American Dietetic Association v. 87 (7): p. 943-944; 1987 Jul. Includes 11 references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Elderly nutrition; Federal aid; Federal programs; Congressional reports; Legislation

Abstract: The testimony given by the President of the American Dietetic Association (ADA) before the US Senate Subcommittee on Aging is reproduced, concerning ADA impressions and recommendations for the 1987 reauthorization of the 1965 Older Americans Act. Specific attention is given to: (1) Title III meals programs (home-delivered meals, congregate meals) and the need for improved training in food safety and sanitation; and (2) nutrition education needs. Additional programmatic considerations concerning reauthorization of the Older Americans Act also are described.(wz)

8 NAL Call. No.: RA564.8.B37
Adding life to years organized geriatrics services in Great Britain and implications for the United States. Barker, William H.
Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press,; 1987. xxii, 237 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (The Johns Hopkins series in contemporary medicine and public health). Includes index. Bibliography: p. 213-230.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Community health services for the aged; Great Britain; History; Aged; Medical care; Great Britain; History; Community health services for the aged; United States; History; Aged; Medical care; United States; History

9 NAL Call. No.: RA645.3.S6 1983
Adult sitter clinic workbook a manual for county extension agents interested in providing training in respite care., 2nd ed..
Smathers, Diane G.
University of Georgia, Cooperative Extension Service Athens, Ga. : Georgia Cooperative Extension Service, University of Georgia,; 1983.
1 v. (loose-leaf) : ill., forms ; 30 cm. MAPP Families in retirement.

Language: English

Descriptors: Respite care; Study and teaching; Aged; Care; Study and teaching

10 NAL Call. No.: aHN90.C6R78
After the farm...the experience of farmers in southwestern Wisconsin. Bentley, S.; Saupe, W.
Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service; 1990 Feb.
Rural development perspectives : RDP v. 6 (2): p. 7-11; 1990 Feb.

Language: English

Descriptors: Wisconsin; Farm closures; Finance; Off-farm employment; Retirement; Farm families; Farmers' income

11 NAL Call. No.: HD7289.U5A3
After the harvest the plight of older farmworkers : a report. Housing Assistance Council, American Association of Retired Persons, Consumer Affairs Section, American Association of Retired Persons, Minority Affairs Initiative Washington, D.C.? : AARP,; 1987.
78 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. "MA 3939 (987) - D12896"--P. [4] of cover. Bibliography: p. 48-51.

Language: English

Descriptors: Rural aged; Housing; Agricultural laborers; Housing; Rural poor; Housing; Housing, Rural

12 NAL Call. No.: HQ1060.G47
Age, trust, and perceived safety from crime in rural areas. Mullen, R.E.; Donnermeyer, J.F.
Washington, D.C. : Gerontological Society of America; 1985 Jun. The Gerontologist v. 25 (3): p. 237-242; 1985 Jun. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Aging; Rural areas; Crime; Crime protection; Program development; Quality of life

13 NAL Call. No.: HQ1064.U5K75
The aged in rural America.
Krout, John A.
New York : Greenwood Press,; 1986.
xvi, 182 p. ; 22 cm. (Contributions to the study of aging ; no. 5). Includes bibliographies and index.

Language: English

Descriptors: Rural aged; United States; Aged; United States

14 NAL Call. No.: HV3009.5.A35R55
Aging and developmental disabilities in rural America. Rinck, Christine; Cohen, Gerald J.; Griggs, Peter A. National Resource Center for Rural Elderly Kansas City, MO : National Resource Center for Rural Elderly, University of Missouri-Kansas City,; 1990. 114 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.

Language: English

Descriptors: Developmentally disabled aged; Rural aged; Social case work with the aged

15 NAL Call. No.: KF32.5.A44 1992
Aging in rural Maine communities facing the challenge : a briefing. United States, Congress, House, Select Committee on Aging, Subcommittee on Human Services
Washington : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office,; 1992; Y 4.Ag 4/2:M 28. v, 107 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Cover title. Committee print. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Shipping list no.: 92-300-P. January 14, 1992, Livermore Falls, Maine. Comm. pub. no. 102-847.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged

16 NAL Call. No.: RA790.A1J68
Aging in rural places.
Scheidt, R.J.; Norris-Baker, C.
Fresno, Calif. : California School of Professional Psychology; 1990. Journal of rural community psychology v. 11 (1): 120 p.; 1990.

Language: English

Descriptors: Elderly; Aging; Rural areas

17 NAL Call. No.: HQ1064.U5E42
Aging in rural society: non-kin community relations and participation. Kivett, V.R.
New York : Springer Pub. Co; 1985.
The Elderly in rural society : every fourth elder / Raymond T. Coward, Gary R. Lee, editors. p. 171-191; 1985. (Springer series on adulthood and aging ; v. 13). Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Elderly; Social participation; Group interaction; Social interaction; Membership; Rural communities; Urban areas; Influences; Networking; Mental health; Support systems

18 NAL Call. No.: HT421.S63
Aging parents and adult children: relationships at time of change. Meyers, S.S.
St. Paul, Minn. : The Service; 1984.
Sociology of rural life - Minnesota University, Agricultural Extension Service v. 7 (1): p. 3-4, 7; 1984.

Language: English

Descriptors: Old age; Geriatrics; Relationships

19 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27PN
Aging parents: helping when health fails. Schmall, V.; Isbell, L.
Corvallis, Or. : The Service; 1984 Jul. PNW - Pacific Northwest Extension Publication - Oregon State University, Extension Service (246): 12 p. ill; 1984 Jul. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Old age; Parents; Family life

20 NAL Call. No.: HT401.J68
Applied policy relevant research: theory and method (comments on 'Elderly migration and its implications for service provision in rural communities: an Ontario perspective'). Nord, M.; Luloff, A.E.
Oxford : Pergamon Press Ltd; 1992 Jan.
Journal of rural studies v. 8 (1): p. 105-119; 1992 Jan. Reply by A.E. Joseph, p. 111-119. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Ontario; Elderly; Rural population; Migration; Rural communities; Public services; Regional surveys; Demography; History; Case studies

21 NAL Call. No.: 916933(AGE)
Are Indiana's rural counties aging gracefully?. Brown, D.; Cook, K.
West Lafayette, Ind. : The Service; 1985 Jul. CES paper - Purdue University, Cooperative Extension Service. p. 10-12. maps; 1985 Jul.

Language: English

Descriptors: Indiana; Rural areas; Public services; Household income; Elderly

22 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 AM34
Assessing beliefs of older rural Americans about nutrition education: Use of the focus group approach. Crockett, S.J.; Heller, K.E.; Merkel, J.M.; Peterson, J.M. Chicago, Ill. : The Association; 1990 Apr. Journal of the American Dietetic Association v. 90 (4): p. 563-567. charts; 1990 Apr. Includes 29 references.

Language: English

Descriptors: North Dakota; Nutrition education; Rural population; Elderly nutrition; Food beliefs; Interviews; Behavior change; Educational objectives; Educational methods; Elderly

Abstract: We used the focus group interview technique as a preliminary research step in developing a nutrition education intervention for rural seniors who, because of less than optimal eating habits and changing demographics, are an important target audience. Sixty-eight well, active, rural North Dakota seniors, 60 years or older, from communities of 2,500 or fewer people, participated in five focus groups conducted in late summer 1988. As a qualitative research approach, focus group interviews offer a means of obtaining in-depth information on a specific topic from representatives of a target audience in a discussion group atmosphere. Focus groups require careful preparation and structuring and should include a capable moderator, a prepared discussion guide, carefully recruited participants, and a comfortable setting. The process generated ideas that we are using to develop a health promotion nutrition intervention that will be a mailedhome approach, including use of incentives, social role models, cholesterol screening, and learning activities. The intervention relies on the interest and ability of seniors to make positive health changes. We conclude that the focus group approach is useful in developing nutrition education interventions.

23 NAL Call. No.: S1.U7 no.119
An assessment of social service needs of the elderly in Northern Utah. Kim, Yun,; Wilson, Maria Utah State University
Logan, Utah : Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University; 1987.
iii, 44 leaves ; 28 cm. (Research report (Utah Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 119.). June 1987. Bibliography: leaf 19.

Language: English

Descriptors: Social service; Utah; Aged; Utah

24 NAL Call. No.: TX361.A3J63
Attitudes of rural and urban elderly concerning supplement use. Betts, N.M.; Rezek, J.
Binghamton, N.Y. : Haworth Press; 1989. Journal of nutrition for the elderly v. 8 (3,4): p. 67-77. charts; 1989. Includes 10 references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Nebraska; Supplements; Nutrition information; Consumer attitudes; Calcium; Urban population; Rural population; Elderly; Women; Men

Abstract: To examine supplement purchase practices and attitudes toward supplements of rural and urban elderly, two questionnaires were designed. One questionnaire included demographic questions, an attitude scale, and questions concerning supplement purchases and sources of information about nutrition. The second questionnaire contained an advertisement about calcium supplements followed by questions regarding means to "improve calcium" and health concerns. The rural elderly had a significantly lower mean education level and a significantly higher number of misconceptions. The average expenditures on supplements were $52.00 per month for the total group and sources of information were media, physicians, family and friends. In response to the advertisement, nearly one-third of the respondents reported that they would be unlikely to take calcium supplements to improve calcium even though 86.7% stated they would take calcium supplements to prevent health problems and 51.7% believed there could be dangers in taking calcium supplements. The most commonly reported means to improve calcium were to increase milk and to eat cheese (86.7% each). Contradictions in the responses may indicate that these elderly are susceptible to advertising implying supplements are needed to prevent health problems.

25 NAL Call. No.: HN49.C6J6
Attracting retirees as a community development option. Glasgow, N.L.
Superior, Wis. : University of Wisconsin; 1990. Journal of the Community Development Society v. 21 (1): p. 102-114. maps; 1990. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Community development; Retired people; Trends; Population growth; Economic growth; Counties; Fiscal policy; Basic services; Social services

Abstract: This paper compares recent trends in population and employment growth in nonmetropolitan retirement counties with those in other types of nonmetropolitan counties ties. Nonmetropolitan retirement counties number 481 out of approximately 2,400 nonmetropolitan U.S. counties. Since 1980, nonmetropolitan retirement counties have accounted for over half of all nonmetropolitan population growth and they have grown at a rate over four times greater than that for the remaining nonmetropolitan counties. Post-1980 employment growth in nonmetropolitan retirement counties also far outstripped that for the remaining nonmetropolitan counties. Local government fiscal data indicate increased expenditures for services to meet the needs of growing elderly populations. Strategies for community development practitioners to use in assessing the effects of retirement migration as a local development option are discussed.

26 NAL Call. No.: HN90.C6N4
Back to the future: rural aging policy at the crossroads. Washington, D.C. : U.S. G.P.O. : for sale by the Supt of Docs, Congressional Sales Off; 1986.
New dimensions in rural policy : building upon our heritage : studies prepared for the use of the Subcommittee on Agriculture and Transportation of the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States. p. 260-272; 1986. (S. prt. ; 99-153). Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural environment; Family life; Elderly; Senior citizens; Medicaid; Social services

27 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 AM34
Beliefs about and usage of vitamin/mineral supplements by elderly participants of rural congregate meal programs in central Iowa.
Oakland, M.J.; Thomsen, P.A.
Chicago, Ill. : The Association; 1990 May. Journal of the American Dietetic Association v. 90 (5): p. 715-716. charts; 1990 May. Includes 12 references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Iowa; Elderly nutrition; Vitamin and mineral supplements; Usage; Consumer attitudes; Food beliefs; Nutrition knowledge

Abstract: The purpose of this project was to study the frequency of supplement use and beliefs about vitamin and mineral supplements by the elderly.

28 NAL Call. No.: HQ1064.U5P33
Black elderly in rural America a comprehensive study. Parks, Arnold G.
Bristol, Ind., U.S.A. : Wyndham Hall Press,; 1988. 333 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. Includes bibliograpical references (p. 293-303) and index.

Language: English

Descriptors: Afro-American aged; Social surveys

29 NAL Call. No.: HV1461.B54
Building support networks for the elderly theory and applications. Biegel, David E.; Shore, Barbara K.; Gordon, Elizabeth
Beverly Hills, Calif. : Sage Publications,; 1984. 158 p. ; 22 cm.. (Sage human services guides ; v. 36). Published in cooperation with the University of Michigan School of Social Work. Includes bibliographies.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged; Services for; United States; Aged; Care and hygiene; United States; Social work with the aged; United States; Volunteer workers in social service; United States

30 NAL Call. No.: HV91.R77
Can income transfers promote economic development in poor, rural communities?. Plotnick, R.D.
New York : Greenwood Press; 1988.
Rural poverty : special causes and policy reforms / edited by Harrell R. Rodgers, Jr., and Gregory Weiher ; prepared under the auspices of the Policy Studies Organization. 119-132; 1988. (Studies in social welfare policies and programs, 8755-5360 ; no. 12). Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural communities; Income transfers; Economic development; Rural development; Poverty; Retirement; Unemployment; Insurance; Social welfare

31 NAL Call. No.: 100 N813B
Care of elderly parents: a growing concern for North Dakota families. Danielson, H.; Light, H.; Hertsgaard, D. Fargo, N.D. : The Station; 1984 Sep.
North Dakota farm research - North Dakota, Agricultural Experiment Station v. 42 (2): p. 33-35; 1984 Sep. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: North Dakota; Elderly; Old age; Services

32 NAL Call. No.: NBULD3656.5 1990 H463
Caregiver stress its relation to care given older adults living in the community.. University of Nebraska--Lincoln thesis : Interdepartmental Area of Community and Human Resources
Hendricks, Patricia Ann Mitchell
1990; 1990.
vii, 152 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical references.

Language: English

33 NAL Call. No.: HV1481.G52C48
Case management in community care an evaluated experiment in the home care of the elderly.
Challis, David,; Davies, Bleddyn
Aldershot, Hants, England ; Brookfield, Vt., U.S.A. : Gower,; 1986. xvi, 289 p. ; 23 cm. Includes indexes. Bibliography: p. 268-281.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Social case work with the aged; Great Britain; Case studies; Aged; Care; Great Britain; Case studies; Aged; Home care; Great Britain; Case studies

34 NAL Call. No.: HN79.A143C6 1983
Cash transfers and community economic development. Summers, G.F.; Hirschl, T.A.
Ames, Iowa : North Central Regional Center for Rural Development, Iowa State University; 1983. Proceedings of the Community Economic Development Strategies Conference, March 1-3, Omaha, Neb. p. 136-156; 1983. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Community development; Economic development; Retired people; Urban rural migration; Retirement income; Income transfers; Payment basis; Employment opportunities; Cash flow

35 NAL Call. No.: 100 N813B
Centenarians in North Dakota.
Sanders, G.F.; Smith, M.
Fargo, N.D. : The Station; 1985 Sep.
North Dakota farm research - North Dakota, Agricultural Experiment Station v. 43 (2): p. 15-16, 21; 1985 Sep. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: North Dakota; Elderly; Age groups; Opinions; Attitudes

36 NAL Call. No.: TX361.A3J6 F&N
Changes in elderly household participation in the food stamp program. Akin, John S.; Guilkey, David K.; Popkin, Barry M. New York : Haworth Press; 1985.
Journal of nutrition for the elderly v. 4 (3): p. 25-51; 1985. Includes 9 references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Food stamp program; Elderly; Behavior; Socioeconomic status; Rural areas; Urban areas; National surveys; Federal programs

Abstract: Extract: Participation of the elderly in the food stamp program in 1977-78 and 1979-80 are studied using nationally representative and comparable samples. The impact of the elimination of the purchase requirement for the Food Stamp program and changes in other eligibility requirements are studied. Large increases in FSP participation are documented as are some of the factors, particularly social isolation, which are still associated with lowered participation. (author)

37 NAL Call. No.: HQ1064.U6I66
Changes in preferred age of retirement. Goudy, W.; Barb, K.
Boston : Kluwer-Nijhoff; 1985.
Later life transitions : older males in rural America / edited by Edward A. Powers, Willis J. Goudy, Patricia M. Keith. p. 59-66; 1985. (Longitudinal research in the behavioral, social, and medical sciences).

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Men; Rural population; Retirement; Age differences; Trends

38 NAL Call. No.: 281.28 R88
Changes in the rural elderly population and their effects on the small town economy: the case of Saskatchewan, 1971-1986. Li, P.S.; MacLean, B.D.
Bozeman, Mont. : Rural Sociological Society; 1989. Rural sociology v. 54 (2): p. 213-226. ill; 1989. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Elderly; Population change; Economic impact; Critical path analysis; Population density; Public services; Retail marketing; Trends

Abstract: This study uses path analysis to examine data for 304 towns and villages in Saskatchewan for 1971-1986, and assesses: (1) how population size effects change in the elderly population; and (2) how such change influences the diversity of local services and the volume of retail sales. Consistent with central place theory, the gains and losses in the elderly population in small towns are found to be positively related to the relative population size of the towns. In turn, local retail sales and the functional diversity of towns are largely dependent upon change in the elderly population, although the distance from a city and local economic conditions also effect services and retail sales. The study concludes that services and retail business in rural Saskatchewan are largely sustained by the elderly population, the decline of which may signify the demise of the economies of many small towns.

39 NAL Call. No.: HT401.R94
The changing face of poverty.
Sofranko, A.J.; Fliegel, F.C.
Ames, Iowa : Rural Sociological Society; 1985 Sep. The Rural sociologist v. 5 (5): p. 331-336; 1985 Sep. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Illinois; Rural population; Poverty; Elderly; Family structure

40 NAL Call. No.: RA645.3.H65
Changing home health care marketplace in Wisconsin. Bowers, B.; Musser, K.
Binghamton, N.Y. : The Haworth Press; 1987-1988. Home health care services quarterly v. 8 (4): p. 5-24; 1987-1988. Literature review. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Wisconsin; Elderly; Health care; Home care; Legislation; Support measures; Medicare; Regulations; Health maintenance organizations; Health insurance; Counties; Public agencies

41 NAL Call. No.: RA645.3.H65
Community care workers in rural southern Illinois: job satisfaction and implications for employee retention. Roberts, D.N.; Sarvela, P.D.
Binghamton, N.Y. : The Haworth Press; 1989. Home health care services quarterly v. 10 (3/4): p. 93-115; 1989. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Illinois; Careproviders; Work satisfaction; Community health services; Elderly; Rural areas

42 NAL Call. No.: aS622.S6
Community center comes to Idaho.
Baird, L.L.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1991 Sep. Soil & water conservation news - U.S. Deptartment of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service v. 12 (3): p. 15; 1991 Sep.

Language: English

Descriptors: Idaho; Community centers; Senior citizen centers

43 NAL Call. No.: 151.65 P96 A
community home inspection approach to preventing falls among the elderly. Urton, M.M.
Rockville, Md. : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service; 1991 Mar.
Public health reports v. 106 (2): p. 192-195; 1991 Mar. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Ohio; Elderly; Falls; Home safety; Home accidents; Accident prevention; Program development; Community programs

Abstract: Falls are the leading cause of accidents among those ages 65 and older and the largest single cause of death due to injury of the elderly. Environmental factors play a key role in the probability of a fall in the homes of the elderly. A community health promotion team approach can reduce the prevalence rate of injuries due to falls by eliminating the risk factors precipitating the injuries. A comprehensive program in Wilmington, OH, will incorporate the use of the community senior citizens' center, the local college, fire department, local radio stations and newspapers, community churches, local merchants, educators, and the medical community. Extrinsic factors that previously have been linked directly to falls will be identified in the home inspections. The "Fixer-Up-Team," composed of college students and community volunteers, will rectify any unsafe condition found by the inspection team. Local merchants and lumber yards will donate materials to make needed repairs. Active senior citizens will be trained as part of the inspection team, allowing this program to be self-perpetuating. Compared with the national prevalence rates, this program will show a decrease in injuries caused by falls in the homes of the participants of this program.

44 NAL Call. No.: HV1461.C65 A
Compendium of papers honoring the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Older Americans Act a background paper. United States, Congress, House, Select Committee on Aging, Subcommittee on Human Services
Washington : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1990. xvi, 152 p. ; 24 cm. Cover title. At head of title: Committee print. July 1990. Comm. pub. no. 101-760. Includes bibliographical references.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged; Services for; United States; Aged; Government policy; United States; Aged; Legal status, laws, etc; United States

45 NAL Call. No.: RA790.A1J68
Connected independence: a paradox of rural health?. Brown, K.
Fresno, Calif. : California School of Professional Psychology; 1990. Journal of rural community psychology v. 11 (1): p. 51-64; 1990. In the series analytic: Aging in rural places / edited by R.J. Scheidt and C. Norris-Baker. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Nebraska; Elderly; Health beliefs; Towns; Rural communities; Mental health; Values

Abstract: An ethnographic analysis of elders' health beliefs and practices is presented in the context of economic and social traditions that blend the values of independence and connection in a small town. Rural mental health workers are provided with recommendations that are consistent with and reinforce these traditional mechanisms of individual and community health maintenance.

46 NAL Call. No.: KF27.5.A3 1985a
Continuing care international prototypes for America's aged : hearing before the Select Committee on Aging, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, July 15, 1985, New York, NY.
United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Aging Washington, [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O.,; 1985. iii, 279 p. : ill., forms ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Shipping list no.: 85-1084-P. Comm. pub. no. 99-523. Item 1009-B-2, 1009-C-2 (microfiche). Includes bibliographies.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged; Medical care; Old age assistance; Aged; Medical care; United States; Old age assistance; United States

47 NAL Call. No.: HQ535.F35
Correlates of life satisfaction among rural and urban elderly. Rowe, G.P.; Schulz, D.
Lincoln, Neb. : University of Nebraska Press; 1984. Family strengths (5): p. 345-358; 1984. Paper presented at the fifth national symposium on "Building Family Strengths" Lincoln, Nebraska, May 1982. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Elderly; Nursing homes; Activity; Quality of life; Self management

48 NAL Call. No.: HD1411.O3
Crime, fear of crime and crime prevention: an analysis among the rural elderly.
Donnermeyer, J.F.; Phillips, G.H.; Kreps, G.M.; Steiner, M.J. Columbus : The Department; 1983.
ESO - Ohio State University, Dept. of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology (1102): 15 p. maps; 1983.

Language: English

Descriptors: Crime; Prevention; Old age; Income; Vandalism; Rural areas

Abstract: Extract: Rural society has experienced many changes in the twentieth century. Whether these changes are "good" or "bad" often depends upon the perspective of the individual. However, one change is perceived by nearly everyone as negative is the rising rate of rural crime. This report is a summary of a larger statistical analysis of the impact of crime on the rural elderly.

49 NAL Call. No.: HV6250.4.A34C75 1983
Crime, fear of crime and crime prevention an analysis among the rural elderly : executive summary.
Donnermeyer, Joseph F.
Columbus, Ohio? : National Rural Crime Prevention Center? :; 1983. 15 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. Cover title. A research report prepared by the National Rural Crime Prevention Center with the support of the Andrus Foundation, American Association of Retired Persons.

Language: English

Descriptors: Crime

50 NAL Call. No.: HV1455.2.U5H44
Day care programs and services for elders in rural America. Heide, Julie; Webb, Linda Cook
Kansas City, Mo. : National Resource Center for Rural Elderly, University of Missouri-Kansas City.,; 1991. 62 p. ; 28 cm. "This document was supported, in part, by a grant, no. 90-AM-0349, from the Administration on Aging, Department of Health and Human Services. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39).

Language: English

Descriptors: Day care centers for the aged; Rural aged

51 NAL Call. No.: HQ1064.U5E42
Delivering health and human services to the elderly in rural society. Coward, R.T.; Rathbone-McCaun, E. New York : Springer Pub. Co; 1985.
The Elderly in rural society : every fourth elder / Raymond T. Coward, Gary R. Lee, editors. p. 197-222; 1985. (Springer series on adulthood and aging ; v. 13). Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Health services; Public services; Elderly; Rural areas; Urban areas; Gerontology; Training; Support systems

52 NAL Call. No.: KF25.E237 1986
Demographic changes in the United States the economic and social consequences into the 21st century : hearings before the Subcommittee on Economic Resources, Competitiveness, and Security Economics of the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, July 25, 29, and 31, 1986.
United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Economic Resources, Competitiveness, and Security Economics
Washington, [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1987. iv, 534 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (S. hrg. ; 99-1088). Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Item 1000-B, 1000-C (microfiche). Includes bibliographies.

Language: English

Descriptors: United States; Population; United States; Economic conditions; 1981-; United States; Social conditions; 1980-; Aged; United States

53 NAL Call. No.: HQ1064.U5C54
The demography of current and future aging cohorts. Serow, W.J.; Sly, D.F.
Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press; 1988. The social and built environment in an older society / Committee on an Aging Society, Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. p. 42-102; 1988. (America's aging). Includes statistical data. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Elderly; Age composition; Sex ratio; Races; Population distribution; Urban population; Rural population

54 NAL Call. No.: NA2545.A3D47
Design for aging an architect's guide.
American Institute of Architects
Washington, D.C. : American Institute of Architects,; 1985. xvi, 179 p. : ill. ; 29 cm. Includes index. Bibliography: p. 149-165.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged; United States; Dwellings; Architecture and the aged; United States; Public buildings; Access for the physically handicapped; Architecture and the physically handicapped; Law and legislation; United States

55 NAL Call. No.: 281.28 R88
Determinants of poverty among rural and urban women who live alone. Slesinger, D.P.; Cautley, E.
Bozeman, Mont. : Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health; 1988. Rural sociology v. 53 (3): p. 307-320; 1988. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Poverty; Elderly; Women; Rural urban relations; Multivariate analysis; Employment; Education; Age differences; Marriage; Workers; Income

Abstract: We examine the poverty levels of two distinct groups of women who live alone: those under 65 years of age and those 65 and over. On the average, 30 percent of the elderly women who live alone and 21 percent of the younger women are in poverty. Multivariate analyses of poverty rates based on data from the 1980 census indicate that lack of participation in the labor force, lower levels of education, and being under 20 or over 50 years of age explain much of the variance for younger women. For elderly women, the most important variables were whether they had only social security income, had less education, and were nonwhite. In both age groups, women in small towns or rural areas were more likely to be in poverty than those in central cities or suburbs when all other variables were controlled.

56 NAL Call. No.: RA771.A1J68
Determinants of primary caregiver stress and burden: area of residence and the caregiving networks of frail elders. Dwyer, J.W.; Miller, M.K.
Kansas City, Mo. : National Rural Health Association; 1990 Apr. The Journal of rural health v. 6 (2): p. 161-184; 1990 Apr. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Elderly; Careproviders; Stress; Support systems; Geographical distribution; Rural areas; Urban areas

57 NAL Call. No.: TX361.A3J6 F&N
Dietary intakes and zinc status of an elderly rural population. Fosmire, Gary J.; Manuel, Patricia Ann; SmiciklasWright, Helen New York : Haworth Press; 1984.
Journal of nutrition for the elderly v. 4 (1): p. 19-30. charts; 1984. Includes 39 references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Zinc; Nutritional state; Elderly; Energy intake; Proteins; Food habits; Blood composition; Rural areas; Nutritional surveys

Abstract: Extract: The zinc status and energy, protein, and zinc intakes of a group of 50 individuals, 65 years of age or older, residing in rural Pennsylvania have been described. Generally, this group was in good zinc status, although zinc intakes were considerably less than the RDA for most individuals. Energy intakes were generally adequate and protein intakes more than sufficient. It would appear possible to maintain adequate zinc status (as assessed by plasma and hair zinc determinations) with zinc intakes of less than the RDA; this may be facilitated by adequate energy and more than sufficient protein intakes. (Author)

58 NAL Call. No.: HQ1.F36
Differences in characteristics of the caregiving network by area of residence: implications for primary caregiver stress and burden.
Dwyer, J.W.; Miller, M.K.
Saint Paul, Minn. : The National Council on Family Relations; 1990 Jan. Family relations v. 39 (1): p. 27-37; 1990 Jan. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Elderly; Careproviders; Rural urban relations; Mental stress; Support systems; Networking; National surveys; Long term care; Rural environment; Public services

59 NAL Call. No.: RA771.A1J68
Differences in need among the rural and urban aged: statistical versus practical significance. Leinbach, R.M.
Burlington, Vt. : Journal of Rural Health; 1988 Oct. The Journal of rural health v. 4 (3): p. 27-34; 1988 Oct. In the series analytic: Rural Geriatrics and Gerontology / guest editor J.K. Cooper. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Wisconsin; Elderly; Needs assessment; Health; Rural urban relations; Location theory; Statistical analysis; Probabilistic models

60 NAL Call. No.: HV1454.2.U6D5
Directory of consulting firms planning, development, and financing for nonprofit facilities for the aging.. AAHA directory of consulting firms Capital Formation and Development Program (U.S.)
Washington, DC : American Association of Homes for the Aging,; 1986. 203 p. ; 28 cm. Cover title: AAHA directory of consulting firms. A Capital Formation and Development Program publication.

Language: English

Descriptors: Old age homes; United States; Planning; Directories; Old age homes; United States; Finance; Directories

61 NAL Call. No.: HV1461.D57 1991
Directory of education programs for caregivers of elders. University of Missouri-Kansas City, Center on Rural Elderly Kansas City, MO : University of Missouri-Kansas City, Center on Rural Elderly, [1991?]; 1991.
1 v. (loose-leaf) ; 29 cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

Language: English

Descriptors: Aged; Caregivers

62 NAL Call. No.: HV1461.D58 1991
Directory of intergenerational programming. University of Missouri-Kansas City, Center on Rural Elderly Kansas City, MO : University of Missouri-Kansas City, Center on Rural Elderly, [1991?]; 1991.
1 v. (loose-leaf) ; 29 cm. Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

Language: English

Descriptors: Aged; Intergenerational relations

63 NAL Call. No.: TX5.W47 A
discussion of "The rural elderly: shopping patterns and attitudes". Rudd, J.
S.l. : The Conference :.; 1985.
Proceedings of the ... annual Western Regional Home Management Family Economics Educators Conference (25): p. 59-61; 1985. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural areas; Elderly; Shopping; Consumer attitudes; Statistical data; Research methodology

64 NAL Call. No.: HB1.A2N3 no.2808 A
dynamic analysis of household dissolution and living arrangement transitions by elderly Americans. Borsch-Supan, Axel,
National Bureau of Economic Research
Cambridge, Mass (1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138) : National Bureau of Economic Research,; 1989. 33 p. ; 23 cm. (NBER working paper series ; no. 2808). "January 1989". "This research is part of NBER's research program in aging". Includes bibliographical references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Aged; United States; Social conditions

65 NAL Call. No.: HD1775.O5O3 An economic analysis of a transportation system for the elderly in Garfield county (Oklahoma).
Foltz, M.N.; Doesken, G.A.; Lenard, V.; Johnson, B.; Wearmouth, D.A. Stillwater : The Service; Oct 1983.

1. E. - Oklahoma State University, Dept. of Agricultural Economics (8375): 28 p.; Oct 1983. Includes 3 references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Oklahoma; Economic analysis; Transportation; Rural communities; Expenditures; Costs and returns

66 NAL Call. No.: aHD1401.A2U52 Economic impact of the elderly not always a boon. Morgan, C.L.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1991 Jun. Farmline - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service v. 12 (6): p. 12-14; 1991 Jun.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Elderly; Economic impact; Retired people; Household income; Urban rural migration

67 NAL Call. No.: HT421.S63 Economic status of elderly is a more severe problem in nonmetropolitan areas. Meyers, S.S.
St. Paul, Minn. : The Service; 1987.
Sociology of rural life - Minnesota University, Agricultural Extension Service v. 9 (3): p. 1-2, 7; 1987.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural areas; Elderly; Socioeconomic status; Poverty; Income distribution; Health care; Community involvement

68 NAL Call. No.: 1.90 C2OU8 Economic status of rural older Americans. Schwenk, F.N.
Washington, D.C. : The Department; 1992. Outlook - Proceedings, Agricultural Outlook Conference, U.S. Department of Agriculture (68th): p. 242-252; 1992. Paper presented at "New opportunities for agriculture," December 3-5, 1991, Washington, DC. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Elderly; Rural population; Household income; Consumer expenditure; Household surveys; Urban population; Comparisons

69 NAL Call. No.: TX361.A3J63 Effects of gender, ethnicity and place of residence on nutrient intake among elderly residents of Southwestern Louisiana.
Hollingsworth, D.S.; Hart, W.D.
Binghamton, N.Y. : Haworth Press; 1991. Journal of nutrition for the elderly v. 10 (4): p. 51-72; 1991. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Elderly nutrition; Nutrient intake; Sex differences; Ethnicity; Seasonality; Lifestyle; Rural areas; Urban areas; Food intake; Recommended dietary allowances; Blacks

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the joint effects of gender, ethnicity, seasonal variations and place of residence on nutrient intake among elderly residents of Southwestern Louisiana. Three hundred and fifty-one elderly subjects volunteered and completed all four interviews evenly spaced throughout the year. Multiple analysis of covariance and hierarchal log linear regression were used to examine the joint effects of the independent variables on nutrient intake of eight nutrients; calories, protein, iron, calcium, vitamin C, vitamin A, riboflavin and thiamin. There were differences between males and females for the intake of calories, protein, iron and vitamin C. Over time, there were differences between rural and urban subjects. Rural subjects showed greater seasonal variability than urban subjects. In addition, the three ethnic groups showed different patterns of seasonal variability. When the nutrient intake data were dichotomized at 68% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances, we found that Blacks were more likely to report values below 68% of the RDA than were either Caucasian group. Also, males were more likely to report values below 68% of the RDA than were females. This study illustrates the need for assessing the effects of multiple factors on nutrient intakes. It also shows that there can be significant differences even between nominally similar ethnic groups. With the increased nutritional risk that the elderly face, further research is needed to clarify and extend these results.

70 NAL Call. No.: HQ1.J86 The effects of siblings on the life satisfaction of the rural elderly. McGhee, J.L.
St. Paul, Minn. : National Council on Family Relations; 1985 Feb. Journal of marriage and the family v. 47 (1): p. 85-91; 1985 Feb. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Elderly; Siblings; Quality of life; Rural society; Social adjustment; Social emotional development

71 NAL Call. No.: HQ1.F36 Egalitarianism in retired rural couples: household tasks, decision making, and leisure activities. Dorfman, L.T.; Heckert, D.A.
Saint Paul, Minn. : The National Council on Family Relations; 1988 Jan. Family relations v. 37 (1): p. 73-78; 1988 Jan. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Rural population; Retired people; Housework; Decision making; Leisure

72 NAL Call. No.: HQ1064.U5E42 The Elderly in rural society every fourth elder. Coward, Ramond T.; Lee, Gary R.
New York : Springer Pub. Co.,; 1985.
xvii, 263 p. ; 24 cm. (Springer series on adulthood and aging ; v. 13). Includes bibliographies and index.

Language: English

Descriptors: Rural aged; United States; Rural aged; United States; Social conditions; Rural aged; Care and hygiene; United States; Rural aged; Services for; United States

73 NAL Call. No.: HT401.J68 Elderly migration and its implications for service provision in rural communities: an Ontario perspective. Joseph, A.E.; Cloutier, D.S.
Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Journal of rural studies v. 7 (4): p. 433-443; 1991. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Ontario; Elderly; Rural population; Migration; Rural communities; Public services; Regional surveys; Demography; History; Case studies

Abstract: Following a discussion of the role of migration in the aging of rural populations and of consequent implications for service provision in rural communities, a case study featuring demographic and service use data for Grey County, Ontario, is presented. Cohort Survival Analysis of census data for the period 1971-1986 indicates a consistent net inmigration of elderly into the county and a complex but predictable pattern of elderly relocation from townships to villages and towns within Grey. The demographic analysis is complemented and extended by the examination of survey data on the residential history and service use of a sample of elderly residents drawn from two communities in Grey County. The survey results provide valuable clues for the interpretation of the demographic analysis and reveal residential history to be a potentially important pre-condition of dependence on formal services intended for the maintenance of elderly persons in the community. The paper concludes with a discussion of the need for local analysis of migration impacts and of the relationship between such impacts and longstanding problems of rural service provision.

74 NAL Call. No.: 100 UT1F Elderly migration patterns in Utah, 1975-1980. Stinner, W.F.; Nam, H.Y.
Logan : The Station; 1984.
Utah Science - Utah Agricultural Experiment Station v. 45 (3): p. 62-65. ill; 1984. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Old age; Migration

75 NAL Call. No.: aHN90.C6R78 The elderly's income and rural development: some cautions. Hoppe, R.A.
Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service; 1991 Feb.
Rural development perspectives : RDP v. 7 (2): p. 27-32; 1991 Feb.

Language: English

Descriptors: Elderly; Income; Rural development; Rural economy; Federal programs; Migration; Poverty

76 NAL Call. No.: HQ1064.U6I66 Employment behavior after age 50.
Morrow, P.
Boston : Kluwer-Nijhoff; 1985.
Later life transitions : older males in rural America / edited by Edward A. Powers, Willis J. Goudy, Patricia M. Keith. p. 13-23; 1985. (Longitudinal research in the behavioral, social, and medical sciences).

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural population; Man; Occupational change; Retirement; Adaptation; Attitudes to work; Age differences; Working hours

77 NAL Call. No.: HQ1.F36 Empowering rural families and communities. Hughes, R. Jr
Saint Paul, Minn. : The National Council on Family Relations; 1987 Oct. Family relations v. 36 (4): p. 396-401; 1987 Oct. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Farm families; Rural communities; Support systems; Social services; Child care; Elderly

78 NAL Call. No.: QP141.A1N88 Evaluation of nutrient intakes of rural elders in eleven southern states based on sociodemographic and life style indicators.
Lee, C.J.; Tsui, J.; Glover, E.; Glover, L.B.; Kumelachew, M.; Warren, A.P.; Perry, G.; Godwin, S.; Hunt, S.K.; McCray, M. Elmsford, N.Y. : Pergamon Press; 1991 Dec. Nutrition research v. 11 (12): p. 1383-1396. charts; 1991 Dec. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Southern states of U.S.A.; Nutrient intake; Rural areas; Demography; Socioeconomic status; Education; Income; Food costs; Social environment; Supplements; Food supply; Food preparation; Nutritional adequacy; Nutrient density; Ethnicity; Ethnic groups; Blacks; Sex differences; Women; Men; Elderly

Abstract: Nutrient intakes of 2893 rural free-living elderly persons aged 65 and older residing in 11 southern states were studied. Data being reported herein include food intake by a 24-hr recall, meat preparation settings and use of dietary supplements and socioeconomic variables. High percentages of monthly income were spent on food, particularly among black females and participation rates in community service programs, including senior centers and home delivered meals, were low. Caloric intakes by rural males were 1603 and 1365 kcal, respectively, for whites and blacks; 1270 and 1259 kcal for white and black females, respectively. Means for most of the nutrients equalled or exceeded the RDAs for this age group except energy and calcium. Age had little influence on nutrient intake. Race showed as a significant determinant on the nutrient intake index computed from 11 key nutrient intakes; however, the significant effect of race disappeared when either income or educational level was used as covariate. Thus, the disparities in intakes between the black and white elders were due partly to income rather than race. Of these rural elders, 46.5% consumed meals alone. Eating alone per se did not have a significant impact on nutrient consumption, but 35.2% of those eating alone indicated that they ate less, had fewer choices or ate more. Dietary supplements were used by 33.9% of rural elders, and their intakes of several nutrients were higher than by nonusers. More effort by community services to reach rural elders is needed, particularly those in the low socioeconomic spectrum.

79 NAL Call. No.: HD7287.9.J68 Evolving management structures: a case study of a life care village at Pine Run, Doylestown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Elliott, F.E.; Elliott, S.H.
New York, N.Y. : Haworth Press; 1985.
Journal of housing for the elderly v. 3 (1/2): p. 73-98; 1985. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Elderly; Housing; Retirement homes; Management; Quality of life

80 NAL Call. No.: 100 P381 no.864 An examination of selected dimensions of independant living among a sample of 900 older persons.
Bylund, Robert A.; Crawford, Charles D. Pennsylvania State University, Agricultural Experiment Station University Park, Pa. : Penn State College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station,; 1987. 126 p. ; 28 cm. (Bulletin (Pennsylvania State University. Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 864.). Cover title. August 1987. Northeastern Regional Research Publication. Technical Committee of Northeastern Regional Research Project NE-131 Service Delivery Arrangements for Older People in the Rural Northeast. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-93).

Language: English

Descriptors: Aged; Social conditions; Social work with the aged

81 NAL Call. No.: HT401.R94 Extension as a facilitator of research in rural communities. Gunn, B.A.; Tripple, P.A.
University Park, Pa. : Rural Sociological Society; 1988 Apr. The Rural sociologist v. 8 (2): p. 158-163; 1988 Apr. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Nevada; Retired people; Population change; Rural communities; Rural planning; Public services; Extension activities; Community programs; Planning of research; Case studies

82 NAL Call. No.: 1.90 C2OU8 The extension system's commitment to independent living for older Americans. Priester, J.M.
Washington, D.C. : The Department; 1992. Outlook - Proceedings, Agricultural Outlook Conference, U.S. Department of Agriculture (68th): p. 278-286; 1992. Paper presented at "New opportunities for agriculture," December 3-5, 1991, Washington, DC.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Elderly; Extension; Quality of life; Training; Educational programs; Rural areas

83 NAL Call. No.: 278.8 J82 Facets of geography of population in the Midwest. Hart, J.F.
Malcomb, Ill. : National Council for Geographic Education; 1986 Sep. Journal of geography v. 85 (5): p. 201-211. maps; 1986 Sep. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: North central states of U.S.A.; Population dynamics; Geographical mobility; Retirement; Immigration

84 NAL Call. No.: 100 F66S (1) no.859 Factors affecting food consumption and nutrient achievement of elderly minority households Metropolitan Dade County, Florida. Davis, C. G.
Gainesville, [Fla.] : Agricultural Experiment Stations, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida,; 1985.
viii, 73 p. ; 23 cm. (Bulletin / University of Florida. Agricultural Experiment Station, 859). October 1985. Bibliography: p. 69-73.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Minority aged; Florida; Dade County; Nutrition; Aged; Florida; Dade County; Nutrition; Aged as consumers; Florida; Dade County; Minorities as consumers; Florida; Dade County

85 NAL Call. No.: HD7285.H66 Factors contributing to the mobility of retirees: the Lake Topaz experience. Hilton, J.M.; Brokaw, L.J.; Tripple, P.A. College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, College of Architecture; 1989. Housing and society v. 16 (3): p. 3-11; 1989. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Nevada; California; Retired people; Geographical mobility; Decision making; Quality of life; Rural environment; Urban rural migration; Community programs; Public services; Community development

86 NAL Call. No.: BF713.F3 Families as networks and communities: a developmental psychology of aging and intergenerational relations. Rodeheaver, D.
Basel : Karger; 1985.
Family and individual development / volume editor, J.A. Meacham. p. 80-85; 1985. (Contributions to human development ; vol. 14).

Language: English

Descriptors: West Virginia; Elderly; Rural population; Family structure; Generations; Familial incidence

87 NAL Call. No.: HQ1064.U5E42 Family and kin relations of the rural elderly. Lee, G.R.; Cassidy, M.L.
New York : Springer Pub. Co; 1985.
The Elderly in rural society : every fourth elder / Raymond T. Coward, Gary R. Lee, editors. p. 151-169; 1985. (Springer series on adulthood and aging ; v. 13). Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Elderly; Marriage; Kinship; Interpersonal relations; Rural areas; Urban areas; Sex differences

88 NAL Call. No.: 151.65 P96 Financing geriatric programs in community health centers. Yeatts, D.E.; Ray, S.; List, N.; Duggar, B. Rockville, Md. : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Public Health Service; 1991 Jul.
Public health reports v. 106 (4): p. 375-383; 1991 Jul. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Health centers; Community health services; Rural areas; Urban areas; Program development; Program effectiveness; Marketing techniques; Health insurance; Incentives; Cooperation; Elderly

Abstract: There are approximately 600 Community and Migrant Health Centers (C/MHCs) providing preventive and primary health care services principally to medically underserved rural and urban areas across the United States. The need to develop geriatric programs within C/MHCs is clear. Less clear is how and under what circumstances a comprehensive geriatric program can be adequately financed. The Health Resources and Services Administration of the Public Health Service contracted with La Jolla Management Corporation and Duke University Center on Aging to identify successful techniques for obtaining funding by examining 10 "good practice" C/MHC geriatric programs. The results from this study indicated that effective techniques included using a variety of funding sources, maintaining accurate cost-per-user information, developing a marketing strategy and user incentives, collaborating with the area agency on aging and other community organizations, and developing special services for the elderly. Developing cost-per-user information allowed for identifying appropriate drawing card" services, negotiating sound reimbursement rates and contracts with other providers, and assessing the financial impact of changing service mixes. A marketing strategy was used to enhance the ability of the centers to provide a comprehensive package of services. Collaboration with the area agency on aging and other community organizations and volunteers in the aging network was found to help establish referral networks and subsequently increase the number of elderly patients served. Finally, development of special services for the elderly, such as adult day care, case management, and health education, was found to increase program visibility, opportunities to work with the network of services for the aging, and clinical utilization.

89 NAL Call. No.: RA771.A1J68 Financing rural health and medical services. Straub, L.A.
Kansas City, Mo. : National Rural Health Association; 1990 Oct. The Journal of rural health v. 6 (4): p. 467-484; 1990 Oct. In series analytic: A Decade of Rural Health Research: Looking Back, Thinking Ahead / edited by R.T. Coward, J.W. Dwyer and M.K. Miller. Literature review. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Health care; Health services; Rural areas; Health care costs; Finance; Hospitals; Community health services; Health centers; Low income groups; Elderly; Social benefits; Literature reviews; Research

90 NAL Call. No.: HQ1063.5.U47 1984 First UMTA and AoA National Conference on Transportation for the Elderly and Handicapped.. Transportation for the elderly and handicapped Ecosometrics, inc, United States, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, United States, Administration on Aging, Technology Sharing Program (U.S.) UMTA and AoA National Conference on Transportation for the Elderly and Handicapped 1st : 1984 : Orlando, Fla.
Washington, D.C. : U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Administration on Aging : Distributed in cooperation with Technology Sharing Program, Office of the Secretary of Transportation,; 1986.
1 v. (various pagings) : ill., forms, map ; 28 cm. May 1985. DOT-I-86-04. Includes bibliographies.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged; United States; Transportation; Congresses; Physically handicapped; United States; Transportation; Congresses

91 NAL Call. No.: KF27.5.A36 1990 Foundation for aging policy in the 90's the 1987 Older Americans Act Amendments : hearing before the Subcomittee on Human Services of the Select Committee on Aging, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, February 7, 1990.
United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Aging. Subcommittee on Human Services
Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1990; Y 4.Ag 4/2:Ag 4/22. iii, 225 p. ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Shipping list no.: 90-245- P. Comm. pub. no. 101-749. Includes bibliographical references.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged; Services for; United States; Aged; Government policy; United States; Aged; Legal status, laws, etc; United States

92 NAL Call. No.: KF27.5.A3 1989c The future of health care for seniors where do we go from here? : hearing before the Subcommittee on Housing and Consumer Interests of the Select Committee on Aging, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, first session, Vancouver, WA, December 4, 1989.
United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Aging. Subcommittee on Housing and Consumer Interests Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1990; Y 4.Ag 4/2:H 34/47. iii, 76 p. ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Comm. pub. no. 101-753.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged; Medical care; United States; Aged; United States; Insurance requirements; Medical care, Cost of; United States

93 NAL Call. No.: HQ1.F36 Geographical mobility and family caregiving in nonmetropolitan America: three-decade evidence from the U.S. Census. Longino, C.F. Jr
Saint Paul, Minn. : The National Council on Family Relations; 1990 Jan. Family relations v. 39 (1): p. 38-43; 1990 Jan. Paper presented at a conference on "The Rural Elderly in 1988: A National Perspective," March 17-18, 1988, San Diego, CA. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Elderly; Censuses; Geographical mobility; Rural urban migration; Urban rural migration; Parent care; Literature reviews

94 NAL Call. No.: HQ1064.U6K485 Gettin' some age on me social organization of older people in a rural American community.
Van Willigen, John
Lexington, Ky. : University Press of Kentucky,; 1989. xiii, 188 p. ; 23 cm. Includes index. Bibliography: p. [168]-182.

Language: English

Descriptors: Rural aged; Kentucky

95 NAL Call. No.: HQ1060.G47 Grassroots advocacy for the elderly in small rural communities. Brown, A.S.
Washington, D.C. : Gerontological Society of America; 1985 Aug. The Gerontologist v. 25 (4): p. 417-423; 1985 Aug. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Elderly; Community programs; Public services; Rural communities; Community involvement

96 NAL Call. No.: A99.9 F7625UNI The growing importance of retirement income in timberdependent areas. Salazar, D.J.; Schallau, C.H.; Lee, R.G. Portland, Or. : The Station; 1986 May.
USDA Forest Service research paper PNW - United States, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station (359): 10 p.; 1986 May. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Oregon; Washington; Rural economy; Retirement income; Urban rural migration; Economic impact; Timber trade; Forest management

97 NAL Call. No.: 100 UT1F Growing old in northern Utah: an evaluation of social services for the elderly.
Kim, Y.; Wilson, M.; Chiba, S.
Logan : The Station; 1987.
Utah Science - Utah Agricultural Experiment Station v. 48 (3): p. 114-116; 1987. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Utah; Retired people; Rural welfare; Old age benefits; Censuses; Surveys; Medicaid

98 NAL Call. No.: TX5.W47 Growing older in a rural retirement community: the Lake Topaz experience. Brokaw, L.J.; Peters, J.M.; Tripple, P.A. S.l. : The Conference :.; 1988.
Papers of the Western Region Home Management Family Economics Educators : annual conference v. 3 (28th): p. 1-10; 1988. Comments by G. Olson, p. 8 and S.M. Tucker, p. 9-10. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Nevada; Retired people; Rural communities; Old age; Aging; Tenure systems; Geographical mobility

99 NAL Call. No.: 281.8 F2226 Growing older in rural America.
Sims, F.M.
Urbana, Ill. : The Service; 1987 Feb.
Farm economics facts and opinions - University of Illinois, Department of Agricultural Economics, Cooperative Extension Service (87-3): 5 p.; 1987 Feb.

Language: English

Descriptors: Old age; Rural areas; Retired people; Lifespan

100 NAL Call. No.: 916937(AGE) Growing older in rural America: a pre-retirement planning program for farm couples; a progress report on a new Illinois extension program. Sims, F.M.; Hoffman, M.C. Urbana, Ill. : The Department; June 1983. Illinois agricultural economics staff paper, series E agricultural economics -University of Illinois, Department of Agricultural Economics (E-258): 37 p.; June 1983. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Statistical data; Surveys; Elderly; Age; Retirement; Rural sociology

101 NAL Call. No.: S1.U7 Growth trends in elderly populations in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan Utah 1950-1980.
Stinner, W.F.; Baal, L.; Kwon, H.Y.
Logan, Utah : The Station; 1984 Aug.
Research report - Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (93): 19 p.; 1984 Aug. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Utah; Elderly; Urban areas; Rural areas

102 NAL Call. No.: HQ1063.5.H68 A handbook on rural elderly transportation services a practical introduction to operating and evaluating a rural elderly transportation system. Howard, David M. National Resource Center for Rural Elderly Kansas City, MO : National Resource Center for Rural Elderly, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 1991; 1990, reprinted 1991.
52 p. ; 28 cm. Reprinted April 1991. Supported by a grant from the Administration on Aging. Includes bibliographical references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Rural aged; Evaluation research (Social action programs)

103 NAL Call. No.: 1.90 C2OU8 Health and social characteristics of the nonmetro elderly. Rogers, C.C.
Washington, D.C. : The Department; 1992. Outlook - Proceedings, Agricultural Outlook Conference, U.S. Department of Agriculture (68th): p. 264-277; 1992. Paper presented at "New opportunities for agriculture," December 3-5, 1991, Washington, DC. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Elderly; Rural areas; Health care; Health services; Utilization; Socioeconomic status; Demography; Suburban areas; Urban areas; Comparisons; Quality of life; Hypertension; Arthritis

104 NAL Call. No.: KF27.5.A3 1985 Health care cost containment are America's aged protected? : hearing before the Select Committee on Aging, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, July 9, 1985.
United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Aging Washington, [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O.,; 1985. iii, 213 p. : forms ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Shipping list no.: 85-1061-P. Comm. pub. no. 99-552. Item 1009-B-2, 1009-C-2 (microfiche). Includes bibliographical references.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged; Medical care; United States; Cost control; Hospitals; United States; Prospective payment; Medicare; Medicaid

105 NAL Call. No.: KF27.E553 1986a Health care for the elderly hearing before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, March 26, 1986.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and the Environment Washington, [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1987. iii, 129 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Shipping list no.: 87-43-P. Serial no. 99-139. Bibliography: p. 97-98.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged; Medical care; United States; Medicare; Medicaid; Medigap

106 NAL Call. No.: HT401.J68 Health maintenance antecedents among older citizens in rural and urban communities.
Lassey, M.L.; Lassey, W.R.; Carlson, J.E.; Sargent, M. Oxford : Pergamon; 1985.
Journal of rural studies v. 1 (2): p. 185-191; 1985. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Idaho; Rural welfare; Health programs; Elderly; Health care; Rural communities; Community health services; Mathematical models

107 NAL Call. No.: 151.65 P96 Health promotion for older Americans.
Heckler, M.M.
Washington, D.C. : Public Health Service; 1985 Mar. Public health reports v. 100 (2): p. 225-230; 1985 Mar. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Health; Elderly; Quality of life; Health care costs; Community health services

Abstract: As American lifespans increase, there is greater concern for the quality of those longer lives. The Department of Health and Human Services, through its many component agencies, has inaugurated a major initiative to promote health and fitness among older Americans to improve life quality and to reduce health care costs. The older population is a fertile ground for such an initiative, because studies indicate that the elderly are extremely health-conscious and very willing to adopt habits that will maintain good health. Investigation disclosed six target areas of concentration at which the health promotion initiative could be aimed: fitness-exercise, nutrition, safe and proper use of drugs and alcohol, accident prevention, other preventive services, and smoking cessation. The initiative includes cooperative programs with States; dissemination of printed information; nutritious meals for the elderly; a Food and Drug Administration consumer education program; Centers for Disease Control programs on accident prevention; a special task force to deal with Alzheimer's disease; and, in cooperation with States, a media campaign of health promotion for the elderly. At least three national health and senior citizens organizations are working closely with HHS agencies on the initiative. A separate Department effort involves the encourgement of fast-growing health maintenance organizations to promote health and prevention for their Medicare members and the persuasion of Medicare beneficiaries generally to seek second medical or surgical opinions. State and local government and the private sector, responding to Department initiatives, have also been developing programs for the aging. Their interest and participation ensures that special health promotion and disease prevention efforts directed toward elderly Americans will continue and proliferate.

108 NAL Call. No.: RA427.8.H32 1991 Health promotion for the rural black elderly a program planning and implementation guide.
Dancy, Joseph
National Resource Center for Rural Elderly Kansas City, Mo. : Center on Rural Elderly, University of Missouri-Kansas City,; 1990.
68 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-38).

Language: English

Descriptors: Health promotion; Aged; Afro-Americans

109 NAL Call. No.: RA771.A1J68 Health promotion for the rural elderly. Lubben, J.E.; Weiler, P.G.; Chi, I.; De Jong, F. Burlington, Vt. : Journal of Rural Health; 1988 Oct. The Journal of rural health v. 4 (3): p. 85-96; 1988 Oct. In the series analytic: Rural Geriatrics and Gerontology / guest editor J.K. Cooper. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: California; Elderly; Health promotion; Rural areas; Rural urban relations; Health protection; Preventive medicine

110 NAL Call. No.: RA771.A1J68 The health status, health services utilization, and support networks of the rural elderly: a decade review. Dwyer, J.W.; Lee, G.R.; Coward, R.T.
Kansas City, Mo. : National Rural Health Association; 1990 Oct. The Journal of rural health v. 6 (4): p. 379-398; 1990 Oct. In series analytic: A Decade of Rural Health Research: Looking Back, Thinking Ahead / edited by R.T. Coward, J.W. Dwyer and M.K. Miller. Literature review. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Elderly; Rural population; Health; Health care; Health services; Support systems; Families; Literature reviews; Research; Demography; Living conditions; Family life; Population distribution; Long term care

111 NAL Call. No.: RC963.A1A7 Health status of the rural elderly according to farm work history: the Iowa 65+ rural health study. Yesalis, C.E. III; Lemke, J.H.; Wallace, R.B.; Kohout, F.J.; Morris, M.C. Washington, D.C. : Heldref Publications; 1985 Sep.
Archives of environmental health v. 40 (5): p. 245-253; 1985 Sep. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Iowa; Rural population; Elderly; Farmers; Farm workers; Health

112 NAL Call. No.: RA564.8.F3 1984 F&N B-4300 A healthy old age a sourcebook for health promotion with older adults., Rev. ed.
FallCreek, Stephanie; Mettler, Molly
New York : Haworth Press,; 1983, reprinted 1984. xxiii, 313 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. "Has also been published as the Journal of gerontological social work, volume 6, numbers 2/3, November 1983."--Verso t.p. Includes index. Bibliography: p. 301-307.

Language: English

Descriptors: Reference works; Health promotion; Aged; Disease prevention; Therapeutic diets; Physical activity; Resources; Guidelines; Stress; Elderly

Abstract: A reference text provides basic, practical information and guidelines for trainers, program planners, and service providers who are interested in developing or expanding health promotion programs for the elderly. Background information is provided on the rationale and application of health promotion for the elderly, program development guidelines, and the basics of health promotion. Sections on resource information cover self-care and support groups (peer interactions, community interactions); suggestions for facilitators concerning program objectives, participation, and participative interactions; aspects and techniques of stress management; aspects and strategies for maximizing nutrition and physical fitness practices; and resources for personal and community self-help. A special section addresses resources concerning 15 common health concerns of the elderly. A listing of pertinent references is appended. (wz)

113 NAL Call. No.: KF27.E34 1991 Hearings on the reauthorization of the Older Americans Act of 1965 hearings before the Subcommittee on Human Resources of the Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, hearings held in Washington, DC, March 20; April 10 and 11, 1991. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor. Subcommittee on Human Resources Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1991; Y 4.Ed 8/1:102-9. 3 v. : ill. ; 24 cm. "Hearings held in Washington, DC, April 17; city of Commerce, CA, April 19; and Taylor, MI, April 27, 1991"--Vol. 2. "Hearings held in New Rochelle, NY, April 29 ... Washington, DC, May 23, 1991"--Vol. 3. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Shipping list no.: 91-494-P (v. 1); 91-523-P (v. 2); 91-568-P (v. 3). Item 1015-A, 1015-B (MF). "Serial no. 102-9"--Vol. 1. "Serial no. 102-10"--Vol. 2. "Serial no. 102-11"--Vol. 3. Includes bibliographical references.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Old age assistance; Aged; Minority aged; Indians of North America; Hawaiians; Eskimos

114 NAL Call. No.: RA771.A1J68 Hospital choice of medicare beneficiaries in a rural market: Why not the closest?.
Adams, E.K.; Wright, G.E.
Kansas City, Mo. : National Rural Health Association; 1991. The Journal of rural health v. 7 (2): p. 134-152; 1991. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Minnesota; North Dakota; South Dakota; Medicare; Medical treatment; Hospitals; Decision making; Elderly; Rural areas; Age differences; Illness; Urban areas

115 NAL Call. No.: 1.90 C2OU8 Housing and community preferences: will they change in retirement?. Brandt, J.A.
Washington, D.C. : The Department; 1989. Outlook - Proceedings, Agricultural Outlook Conference, U.S. Department of Agriculture (65th): p. 505-518; 1989. Meeting held November 29-December 1, 1988, Washington, D.C. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Retirement; Housing; Communities; Consumer preferences; Retired people; Geographical distribution; Tenancy; Counties; States; Population dynamics; Age differences; Sex differences; Marriage; Education; Income; Mathematical models

116 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.M9M652 Housing as we grow older: community support services. Vogel, M.P.
Bozeman, Mont. : The Service; 1986 Jul. Montguide MT : Human resource development - Montana State University, Cooperative Extension Service (8604): 4 p. ill; 1986 Jul.

Language: English

Descriptors: Senior citizens; Community programs; Public services; Housing; Support systems

117 NAL Call. No.: KF27.B546 1990c Housing for elderly and handicapped persons hearing before the Subcommittee on Housing and Community Development of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, March 20, 1990.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Housing and Community Development Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1990; Y 4.B 22/1:101-98. iv, 244 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Serial no. 101-98.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged; Housing; United States; Handicapped; Housing; United States; Housing policy; United States

118 NAL Call. No.: KF27.5.A3 1989b Housing for the frail elderly hearing before the Select Committee on Aging, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, first session, May 4, 1989 and July 26, 1989. United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Aging Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.,; 1990; Y 4.Ag 4/2:H 81/26. iv, 447 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Comm. pub. no. 101-757. Includes bibliographical references (p. 298-301).

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged; Housing; United States; Long-term care facilities; United States

119 NAL Call. No.: aHT392.A53 Housing of the rural elderly.
Arnold, G.D.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1984 Jul. Rural development research report - United States Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service (42): 11 p.; 1984 Jul. Includes 14 references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Rural housing; Elderly; Human population; Income; Living conditions; Family budgets; Living standards

Abstract: Extract: The elderly, especially the rural elderly, are more likely to have housing problems than other groups. The number of rural elderly households increased 16 percent between 1974 and 1979 compared with an increase of only 10 percent for all U.S. households. In 1979, 15 percent of U.S. rural elderly heads of household lived in inadequate housing compared with 8 percent of the urban elderly. Inadequate housing has one or more of the following flaws, among others: incomplete plumbing facilities, incomplete kitchen facilities, leaking roof, holes in walls or ceilings, and exposed wiring. In addition, one out of five elderly homeowners in rural areas and about half of elderly renters had troule affording their homes.

120 NAL Call. No.: HD7287.92.U6B44 1992 Housing programs and services for elders in rural America a review of conditions, programs and services.. Handbook, Housing programs and services for elders in rural America Belden, Joseph N.
National Resource Center for Rural Elderly Kansas, Mo. : National Resource Center for Rural Elderly, University of Missouri-Kansas City,; 1992. 66 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Cover title: A handbook, housing programs and services for elders in rural America. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59).

Language: English

Descriptors: Rural aged

121 NAL Call. No.: aHD1401.A2U52 Housing the rural elderly.
Washington : The Service; July 1983.
Farmline - United States Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service v. 4 (6): p. 11; July 1983.

Language: English

Descriptors: USA

122 NAL Call. No.: aSD388.A1U52 How much is good enough?.
Petersen, D.R.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1985 Mar. Engineering field notes - United States Forest Service, Engineering Staff v. 17: p. 49-55; 1985 Mar.

Language: English

Descriptors: Retirement income; Social security; Annuities; Investment income; Family budgets

123 NAL Call. No.: RA771.A1J68 Impact of medicare's prospective payment system and the farm crisis on the health care of the elderly: a case study. Sharp, T.S.; Halpert, B.P.; Breytspraak, L.M. Burlington, Vt. : Journal of Rural Health; 1988 Oct. The Journal of rural health v. 4 (3): p. 45-56; 1988 Oct. In the series analytic: Rural Geriatrics and Gerontology / guest editor J.K. Cooper. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Missouri; Elderly; Health care; Rural areas; Medicare; Remittances; Farm indebtedness; Economic impact; Case studies

124 NAL Call. No.: HN90.C65 The impact of retiree income on community wage rates. Hirschl, T.A.
Ames, Iowa : North Central Regional Center for Rural Development; 1988. Community economic vitality : major trends and selected issues / by Gene F. Summers with the collaboration of F. Horton ... [et al.].. p. 55-60, 75-82; 1988. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Retired people; Income; Economic impact; Community development; Wage rates; Employment; Industry; Occupations; Economic theory

125 NAL Call. No.: KF27.5.A3 1990b Implementation of the Older Americans Act of 1987 the aging network : hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Services of the Select Committee on Aging, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, March 27, 1990. United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Aging. Subcommittee on Human Services
Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1990; Y 4.Ag 4/2:Ol 1/39. iii, 176 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Comm. pub. no. 101-758.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged; Government policy; United States; Old age assistance; United States

126 NAL Call. No.: RA771.A1J68 Implementing swing-bed services in small rural hospitals. Richardson, H.; Kovner, A.R.
Burlington, Vt. : Journal of Rural Health; 1986 Jan. The Journal of rural health v. 2 (1): p. 46-60; 1986 Jan. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural areas; Hospitals; Nursing homes; Elderly; Patient care; Long term care

127 NAL Call. No.: HQ1064.U6I66 Importance of life areas.
Keith, P.
Boston : Kluwer-Nijhoff; 1985.
Later life transitions : older males in rural America / edited by Edward A. Powers, Willis J. Goudy, Patricia M. Keith. p. 111-122; 1985. (Longitudinal research in the behavioral, social, and medical sciences).

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Men; Rural population; Retirement; Occupational change; Values; Family life; Leisure; Rural communities; Roles

128 NAL Call. No.: HQ1064.U5H23 Indian and Alaskan natives.
Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press; 1984. Handbook on the aged in the United States / edited by Erdman B. Palmore. p. 269-276; 1984.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; American indians; Elderly; Life style; Rural areas; Health services

129 NAL Call. No.: HV85.H85 Informal networks, volunteers and rural elders providing information to increase use of services. Arnold, N.
Cheney, WA : Eastern Washington University; 1992. Human services in the rural environment v. 15 (3): p. 18-20; 1992. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Elderly; Handicapped persons; Rural communities; Aging; Volunteers; Information services

130 NAL Call. No.: NBULD3656 1990 S364 Informal support system of widowed elderly persons in rural areas.. University of Nebraska--Lincoln thesis : Interdepartmental Area of Home Economics Schoenholz, Phyllis
1990; 1990.
112 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical references.

Language: English

131 NAL Call. No.: HQ1.F36 Informal supports of older adults: a rural-urban comparison. Scott, J.P.; Roberto, K.A.
Saint Paul, Minn. : The National Council on Family Relations; 1987 Oct. Family relations v. 36 (4): p. 444-449; 1987 Oct. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Rural areas; Urban areas; Elderly; Support systems; Children; Social activities

132 NAL Call. No.: HQ1064.U5E42 An introduction to aging in rural environments. Coward, R.T.; Lee, G.R.
New York : Springer Pub. Co; 1985.
The Elderly in rural society : every fourth elder / Raymond T. Coward, Gary R. Lee, editors. p. 3-23; 1985. (Springer series on adulthood and aging ; v. 13). Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Elderly; Aging; Rural environment; Rural society; Quality of life; Legislation; Public services; Research; Publications; Bibliographies; Needs assessment

133 NAL Call. No.: HT421.R83 Is there a psychology of the rural aged?. Dibner, A.S.
New York : Plenum Press; 1983.
Rural psychology / edited by Alan W. Childs and Gary B. Melton. p. 95-112; 1983. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Rural population; Elderly; Rural environment; Psychological factors

134 NAL Call. No.: 281.28 R88 Kin expectations and kin support among rural older adults. Powers, E.A.; Kivett, V.R.
Bozeman, Mont. : Rural Sociological Society; 1992. Rural sociology v. 57 (2): p. 194-215; 1992. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: North Carolina; Elderly; Rural areas; Family structure; Extended families; Support systems; Children

Abstract: Relatively little attention has been given to the kin ties of rural older adults. To partially fill this gap in knowledge, kin selection theory was used as a conceptual framework to explore two questions on the extent rural older adults expect and receive assistance from the range of affinal and consanguineal kin and the factors that best explain the current level of support provided by each of the kin types in the family system. Analysis was based on interviews conducted in 1985-1986 with 368 rural older adults in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. Expectations of kin assistance were much higher than the actual level of support that was provided. Both expected and actual levels of assistance declined as the level of consanguineous kin and associated affinal ties decreased. The level of support provided by kin groups was mainly a function of geographic distance to kin and norms of obligation.

135 NAL Call. No.: HQ1.F36 Kinship relations in retired rural men and women. Dorfman, L.T.; Mertens, C.E.
Minneapolis, Minn. : The National Council on Family Relations; 1990 Apr. Family relations v. 39 (2): p. 166-173; 1990 Apr. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Iowa; Elderly; Retired people; Sex differences; Kinship; Siblings; Generations; Rural areas; Support systems

136 NAL Call. No.: HQ1064.U6I66 Later life transitions older males in rural America. Powers, Edward A.,_1941-; Goudy, Willis J.; Keith, Pat M. Boston : Kluwer-Nijhoff : Hingham, Mass. : Distributors for North America, Kluwer Academic Pub.,; 1985. x, 193 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (Longitudinal research in the behavioral, social, and medical sciences). Includes index. Bibliography: p. 175-190.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged men; Iowa; Attitudes; Longitudinal studies; Rural aged; Iowa; Attitudes; Longitudinal studies; Age and employment; Iowa; Public opinion; Longitudinal studies; Retirement; Iowa; Public opinion; Longitudinal studies; Public opinion; Iowa; Longitudinal studies

137 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M58B The later years of life. 2. Retirement: a time for action. Soderman, A.K.
East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1984 Oct. Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan State University v.): 3 p.; 1984 Oct. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Old age; Retirement

138 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 AM34 Lipid profiles, serum immunoglobulins, dietary intake, and drug use of older rural Iowa women.
Witte-Foster, S.R.; Garcia, P.A.; Dove, C.R. Chicago, Ill. : The Association; 1991 Jun. Journal of the American Dietetic Association v. 91 (6): p. 679-685; 1991 Jun. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Iowa; Nutrient intake; Blood lipids; Immunoglobulins; Blood protein; Rural areas; Drugs; Serum albumin; Age; Women; Elderly

139 NAL Call. No.: KF26.L27 1989a Long-term care hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, first session ... March 13, 1989, Chicago, IL.. Long term care
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1989; Y 4.L 11/4:S.hrg.101-276. iii, 203 p. ; 24 cm. (S. hrg. ; 101-276). Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged; Long term care; United States; Long-term care of the sick; United States; Insurance, Long-term care; United States

140 NAL Call. No.: KF27.W344 1987 Long-term care hearing before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, One hundredth Congress, first session, March 31, 1987.. Long term care
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Health
Washington, [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1987; Y 4.W 36-100-19. iii, 221 p. : forms ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Serial 100-19. Includes bibliographies.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Long-term care of the sick; United States; Medicare; Aged; United States; Insurance requirements; Nursing homes; United States; Rates

141 NAL Call. No.: HT401.S72 Long-term care: state priority isssues and rural initiatives. Dinkins Ford, D.E.
Mississippi State, Miss. : The Center; 1992 Jun. SRDC series - Southern Rural Development Center (159): p. 1-8; 1992 Jun. In the series analytic: Rural Health Services. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Alabama; Georgia; Mississippi; Tennessee; Florida; Elderly; Long term care; Rural areas; Medicaid; State government; Health care; Community health services

142 NAL Call. No.: RA421.F35 Marketing home health care to the rural elderly: from strategy to action. Lancaster, W.
Frederick, Md. : Aspen Publishers; 1988 Aug. Family & community health v. 11 (2): p. 72-80; 1988 Aug. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Health care; Rural areas; Elderly; Home care; Marketing techniques; Medicaid; Rural communities; Community health services; Cooperation

143 NAL Call. No.: TX361.A3J6 F&N Mealtime companionship and morale in the rural elderly. Kinard, James D.; Kivett, Vira R.
New York : Haworth Press; Fall 1983.
Journal of nutrition for the elderly v. 3 (1): p. 3-15. charts; Fall 1983. Presented at the 35th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Gerontological Society of America, Boston, Mass, November 1982. Includes 21 references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Social systems; Food consumption; Elderly (65 + years); Nutritional status; Morale; Rural areas; Socialization; Health needs

Abstract: Extract: The importance of mealtime companionship and social interaction to improvements of food consumption, nutritional status, and morale in the elderly have been stressed but the research supporting this concept is minimal. The present study determined the relationship between mealtime companionship and morale among a representative group of 418 rural adults aged 65 years or older. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine if there were significant differences in the morale of older adults who usually ate alone versus those who ate with others. Controls were held on marital status, educational level, sex, and self-rated health. The data showed that mealtime companionship was of no relative importance to the morale of older adults when other variables were considered, especially health. The data supported the literature with regard to the greater importance of health to psychological well-being than social factors such as marital status, educational background, sex, and social contact, per se. The conclusions suggest that any efforts to alleviate problems associated with social isolation among the rural elderly should include, more importantly, viable health components that address the multiplicity of their health needs. (author)

144 NAL Call. No.: TX361.A3J6 F&N Measures of food intake among rural elderly. Bazzarre, Terry L.; Yuhas, Joan A.; Wu, Shih-Min Liu New York : Haworth Press; Summer 1983.
Journal of nutrition for the elderly v. 2 (4): p. 3-15. charts; Summer 1983. Presented in part at the 2nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Southern Gerontological Association, Atlanta, GA, Feb 1981, and at the 33rd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Gerontological Society, San Diego, CA, Nov 1980. Includes 19 references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Elderly nutrition; Food consumption; Rural areas; Elderly (65 + years); Nutritional assessment; Nutritional status

Abstract: Extract: In order to evaluate the nutritional status of the elderly--whether for research, clinical evaluation, or the development of community health programs-- the assessment of food intake of both elderly individuals and populations is essential. The rural elderly are at risk of developing nutritional problems because of their limited economic resources, transportation, health services, and increased isolation. While the rural elderly represent the greatest segment of Americans over age 65, there is little information about their food intake and dietary problems. The purpose of this research was to conduct a pilot study which would identify the most reliable means of assessing food intake among a population of rural elderly citizens. The results of this investigation suggest that the 3-day food record, and the diet history were more reliable than the 24- hour recall in measuring the food intake of 30 females and 17 males living in rural North Carolina. (author)

145 NAL Call. No.: HV1461.K7 Meeting the needs of rural elders eighty program profiles. Krout, John A.
National Resource Center for Rural Elderly Kansas City, MO : National Resource Center for Rural Elderly, University of Missouri-Kansas City,; 1990. 88 p. ; 28 cm.

Language: English

Descriptors: Rural aged

146 NAL Call. No.: KF27.5.A3 1990a Meeting the needs of the frail elderly hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Services of the Select Committee on Aging, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, March 5, 1990, Clearwater, FL. United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Aging. Subcommittee on Human Services
Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1990; Y 4.Ag 4/2:El 2/50. iii, 192 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Comm. pub. no. 101-755. Includes bibliographical references.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged; Services for; United States; Old aged assistance; United States

147 NAL Call. No.: HQ1064.U5E42 The mental health of the aged in rural environments. Scheidt, R.J.
New York : Springer Pub. Co; 1985.
The Elderly in rural society : every fourth elder / Raymond T. Coward, Gary R. Lee, editors. p. 105-127; 1985. (Springer series on adulthood and aging ; v. 13). Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Elderly; Mental health; Mental disorders; Rural population; Urban areas; Rural areas; Age differences; Research

148 NAL Call. No.: RC451.4.A5I57 Mental health services for elders in rural America. Intermill, Nancy Lerner; Rathbone-McCuan, Eloise National Resource Center for Rural Elderly Kansas City, MO : National Resource Center for Rural Elderly, University of Missouri-Kansas City,; 1991. 46 p. ; 28 cm. Supported by a grant from the Administration on Aging, no. 90-AM-0349. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-36).

Language: English

Descriptors: Rural aged; Rural mental health services

149 NAL Call. No.: HV85.H85 The meshing organization: the missing link in coordinated community -based services for elderly in rural areas. Ford, D.E.D.
Knoxville, Tenn. : School of Social Work, University of Tennessee; 1991. Human services in the rural environment v. 14 (3): p. 17-24; 1991. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Elderly; Rural communities; Program development; Long term care; Public services; Health services; Coordination; Community programs; Models

150 NAL Call. No.: HV1468.W2M55 Minority elderly technical assistance guide. Washington (State), Bureau of Aging and Adult Services Olympia? : Bureau of Aging & Adult Services, Washington State Dept. of Social & Health Service,; 1986. 53 p. ; 28 cm. Cover title. Bibliography: p. 26.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Minority aged; Services for; Washington (State); Minority aged; Washington (State)

151 NAL Call. No.: 100 M693SP Missouri's agricultural and rural communities in 2005: demographic, social, and political aspects. Hobbs, D.
Columbia : The Station; 1984.
Special report - University of Missouri - Columbia, Agricultural Experiment Station (319): p. 5-11. maps; 1984. Paper presented at a Seminar on "Missouri Agriculture and Public Service: a 2005 Prevision," November, 15-16, 1984, Columbia, Missouri.

Language: English

Descriptors: Missouri; Rural communities; Urban areas; Farm size; Retired people; Public services

152 NAL Call. No.: HV1461.W42 1989 National guide to funding in aging., 2nd ed.. Weiss, David M.,; Murphy, C. Edward; Matacotta, Barbara Long Island University, Center on Aging, Nassau County (N.Y.), Dept. of Senior Citizen Affairs, Foundation Center New York : The Foundation,; 1989.
xi, 304 p. ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ix-xi) and index.

Language: English

Descriptors: Old age assistance; United States; Directories; Aged; Services for; United States; Directories

153 NAL Call. No.: HD7287.9.J68 Naturally occurring retirement communities. Hunt, M.E.; Gunter-Hunt, G.
New York : Haworth Press; 1985.
Journal of housing for the elderly v. 3 (3/4): p. 3-21; 1985. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Housing; Retirement homes; Communities; Public services

154 NAL Call. No.: 100 SO82S Networking senior centers.
Arwood, D.
Brookings, S.D. : The Station; 1990.
South Dakota farm & home research - South Dakota, Agricultural Experiment Station v. 41 (1): p. 17-19; 1990. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: South Dakota; Rural communities; Senior citizen centers

155 NAL Call. No.: aHN90.C6R78 Nonmetro areas depend on transfers.
Hoppe, R.A.; Ghelfi, L.M.
Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service; 1990 Feb.
Rural development perspectives : RDP v. 6 (2): p. 22-24; 1990 Feb.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Income transfers; Rural areas; Retirement; Disability insurance; Rural economy

156 NAL Call. No.: aHT392.A53 no.70 The nonmetro elderly economic and demographic status. Glasgow, Nina
United States, Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service Washington, DC : United States Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service,; 1988.
iv, 35 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. (Rural development research report ; no. 70). Cover title. "June 1988."--P.i. Includes bibliographical references.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Rural aged; United States; Economic conditions

157 NAL Call. No.: aHN90.C6R78 Nonmetro retirement counties' strengths and weaknesses. Reeder, R.J.; Glasgow, N.L.
Washington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service; 1990 Feb.
Rural development perspectives : RDP v. 6 (2): p. 12-17; 1990 Feb. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Retired people; Rural development; Migration; Multipliers; Rural population; Population growth; Rural economy; Fiscal policy; Local authority areas

158 NAL Call. No.: HN79.A14R87 North Central states implement senior series program. Olson, L.
Ames, Iowa : North Central Regional Center for Rural Development; 1992 Apr. Rural development news v. 16 (3): p. 3-7; 1992 Apr.

Language: English

Descriptors: North central states of U.S.A.; Elderly; Extension; Programs; Rural areas

159 NAL Call. No.: RA421.F35 The nursing center in a rural community: The promotion of family and community health.
Fenton, M.V.; Rounds, L.; Iha, S.
Frederick, Md. : Aspen Publishers; 1988 Aug. Family & community health v. 11 (2): p. 14-24; 1988 Aug. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Nursing; Health centers; Rural communities; Community health services; Families; Children; Health care; Elderly; Pregnant women

160 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 AM34 Nutrient intake of urban and rural elderly receiving homedelivered meals. Stevens, D.A.; Grivetti, L.E.; McDonald, R.B. Chicago, Ill. : The Association; 1992 Jun. Journal of the American Dietetic Association v. 92 (6): p. 714-718; 1992 Jun. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: California; Elderly nutrition; Nutrient intake; Home delivered meals; Urban environment; Rural environment; Nutritional state; Anthropometric dimensions; Living conditions; Nutritional assessment; Recommended dietary allowances; Energy intake; Elderly; Men; Women

Abstract: We evaluated nutrient intake (as measured by a 3- day food record) and nondietary factors that may influence nutrient intake in urban (n = 48) and rural (n = 47) elderly clients in the Title III C home-delivered meal program. Mean nutrient intake did not differ significantly between the two populations; each population met or exceeded 100% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for all nutrients other than energy, vitamin B-6, calcium, magnesium, and zinc. However, 70% of the individuals within each population had intakes below 66% of the RDA for three or more nutrients and were thus classified as having poor diets. Factors such as the need for assistance with shopping and cooking, living situation, vitamin/mineral supplementation, prescription drugs, and dentition did not significantly predict nutritional intake in either the urban or the rural cohorts. However, 50% to 70% of both the rural and the urban homebound elderly needed assistance with cooking and shopping for food. The rural elderly relied on family members for help with shopping and cooking to a greater extent than did their urban counterparts. We conclude that nutrient intake of the homebound elderly is not affected by geographic location. However, both rural and urban clients are at risk for developing nutrient deficiencies.

161 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 AM34 Nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and practices of older and younger elderly in rural areas.
Fischer, C.A.; Crockett, S.J.; Heller, K.E.; Skauge, L.H. Chicago, Ill. : The Association; 1991 Nov. Journal of the American Dietetic Association v. 91 (11): p. 1398-1401. charts; 1991 Nov. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Nutrition knowledge; Food beliefs; Dietary surveys; Nutritional assessment; Elderly nutrition; Eating patterns; Nutrition education; Rural areas; Food preferences; Age differences; Elderly; Men; Women

Abstract: Using a mailed survey, we gathered data to examine selected aspects of nutrition attitudes, knowledge, and practices of two groups of randomly selected older individuals living in rural areas. In one group respondents were 75 through 85 years old, and in the other group respondents were 60 through 70 years old. A senior nutrition survey and a shelf inventory were used to obtain information from the 698 respondents. The 60- through 70-year-old group expressed significantly more (P<.001) positive attitudes for efficacy, intention, and outcome expectation than the older group. In addition, the younger group had a higher level (P<.01) of knowledge about fat and salt. They also tended to make more healthful food selections in 7 of 11 categories of the shelf inventory. Our study suggests that 75- through 85-year-old individuals have different nutrition attitudes, knowledge, and practices. Nutrition education should focus on positive messages that are age appropriate, practical, and achievable. Specific topics should include information about beneficial outcomes of healthful eating behaviors.

162 NAL Call. No.: 389.8 J82 Nutritional assessment of homebound rural elderly. Smiciklas-Wright, H.; Lago, D.J.; Bernardo, V.; Beard, J.L. Bethesda, Md. : American Institute of Nutrition; 1990 Nov. The Journal of nutrition v. 120 (11S): p. 1535-1537. charts; 1990 Nov. Paper presented at a symposium, "Nutrition Monitoring and Nutrition Status Assessment," Dec 8-10, 1989, Charleston, South Carolina. Includes 20 references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Nutritional assessment; Dietary history; Anthropometric dimensions; Rural areas; Elderly

Abstract: Approximately one quarter of Americans aged 65 and older live in rural areas. Homebound rural elderly are a hard to reach, often poor and frail population. Failure to include homebound rural elderly in nutritional studies may bias representativeness of samples of elderly persons. This paper discusses some challenges in recruiting homebound older persons to participate in nutritional studies and in establishing quality control procedures in a field setting.

163 NAL Call. No.: HQ1.F36 Old and single in the city and in the country: activities of the unmarried. Keith, P.M.; Nauta, A.
Saint Paul, Minn. : The National Council on Family Relations; 1988 Jan. Family relations v. 37 (1): p. 79-83; 1988 Jan. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Urban population; Rural population; Elderly; Social participation

164 NAL Call. No.: HQ1064.U5U553 Older Americans Act Administration on Aging does not approve intrastate funding formulas : report to congressional requesters.. Administration on Aging does not approve intrastate funding formulas
United States. General Accounting Office Washington, D.C. : The Office,; 1990; GA 1.13:HRD-90-85. 18 p. ; 28 cm. Cover title. June 1990. GAO/HRD-90-85. "B-237081"--P. 1.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged

165 NAL Call. No.: HV1465.U55 1991 Older Americans Act Amendments of 1991 report (to accompany H.R. 2967) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). United States. Congress. House. Committee on Education and Labor Washington : D.C.? : U.S. G.P.O.,; 1991; Y 1.1/8:102-199. 173 p. ; 24 cm. (Report / 102d Congress, 1st session, House of Representatives ; 102-199). Caption title. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Shipping list no.: 91-738-P. September 11, 1991.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged; Indians of North America

166 NAL Call. No.: KF27.5.A374 1991 Older Americans Act employment and services how to assist New Jersey's growing senior population : hearing before the Subcommittee on Retirement Income and Employment of the Select Committee on Aging, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, March 1, 1991, Vineland, NJ.. How to assist New Jersey's growing senior population United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Aging. Subcommittee on Retirement Income and Employment Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1991; Y 4.Ag 4/2:Ol 1/41. iii, 95 p. ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Shipping list no.: 91-337- P. Comm. pub. no. 102-799.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged

167 NAL Call. No.: HV1468.T2O4 The Older Americans Act for the nineties and beyond a Tennessee perspective : a briefing.
United States, Congress, House, Select Committee on Aging, Subcommittee on Housing and Consumer Interests Washington : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office,; 1991. iii, 132 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. At head of title: Committee print. Comm. pub. no. 102-817.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged; Old age assistance

168 NAL Call. No.: KF27.5.A36 1990a Older Americans Act health promotion and other unfunded Title III programs : hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Services of the Select Committee on Aging, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, June 11, 1990, Rochester, NY.
United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on Aging. Subcommittee on Human Services
Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1990; Y 4.Ag 4/2:Ol 1/40. iv, 155 p. ; 24 cm. Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Comm. pub. no. 101-771.

Language: English; English

Descriptors: Aged; Health and hygiene; Government policy; United States; Aged; Care; Government policy; United States; Health promotion; Government policy; United States; Aged; Services for; United States

169 NAL Call. No.: TX361.A3J63 Older Americans' use of nutrition programs. Peterson, S.A.; Maiden, R.
Binghamton, N.Y. : Haworth Press; 1991. Journal of nutrition for the elderly v. 11 (1/2): p. 49-67; 1991. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: New York; Nutrition programs; Elderly nutrition; Rural areas; Program effectiveness; Program participants; Utilization

Abstract: This study explores those variables that shape (a) awareness of nutrition programs and (b) actual use of nutrition programs among a sample of rural elderly in New York State. Evidence indicates that program awareness is quite high and that, compared with evidence from New York State as a whole, program use is rather high. Those factors shaping both program awareness and use are identified. Then, policy implications are discussed.

170 NAL Call. No.: 100 M69MR Older farm operators, their farms and households, Sand-Clay Hills, Mississippi-Tennessee.
Crecink, J.C.
Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1984 Jul. Agricultural Economics Research Report - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (150): 39 p.; 1984 Jul. Includes 11 references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Mississippi; Tennessee; Aging; Agricultural households; Farmers; Demography; Farm income; Employment; Finance; Operators

Abstract: Extract: The purpose of this report is to profile the older farm operators, their families, and their farms in the Sand-Clay Hills of Mississippi and Tennessee. The intent is to focus on issues and concerns involving these operators and to provide insights into their special problems. This information is necessary if Federal, State, and local public officials are to assist the older farm households to improve their quality of life.

171 NAL Call. No.: TX341.C6 Older rural women: candidates for assistance. Washington, D.C. : Community Nutrition Institute; 1987 Mar12. Nutrition week v. 17 (11): p. 4-5; 1987 Mar12.

Language: English

Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Women; Elderly; Rural areas; Demography; Low income groups; Supplemental feeding programs

172 NAL Call. No.: RA790.A1J68 Older rural women: mythical, forbearing, and unsung. Kivett, V.R.
Fresno, Calif. : California School of Professional Psychology; 1990. Journal of rural community psychology v. 11 (1): p. 83-101; 1990. In the series analytic: Aging in rural places / edited by R.J. Scheidt and C. Norris-Baker. Literature review. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: U.S.A.; Rural women; Elderly; Woman's status; Mental health; Role perception; Literature reviews

Abstract: Older rural women have built upon a rich heritage of courage, optimism, perseverance, and social action. They have acted upon and reacted to economic and social crises that threatened rural institutions and values. Despite these attributes and contributions, they remain largely mythical, uncelebrated, and among the most economically disadvantaged groups. Current economic and social crises occurring in rural areas have important implications for the well-being of older women. This article, drawing upon the historical and empirical literature, suggests that many of the mental health needs of older rural women can best be met by enhancing their proclivity to act upon their environment. Furthermore, it proposes that their history specifies the mechanisms through which their needs can best be met.

173 NAL Call. No.: HQ1060.G47 Organizational volunteers for the rural frail elderly: outreach, casefinding, and service delivery. Young, C.L.; Goughler, D.H.; Larson, P.J. Washington, D.C. : Gerontological Society of America; 1986 Aug. The Gerontologist v. 26 (4): p. 342-344; 1986 Aug. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Elderly; Rural sociology; Public services; Participation; Volunteers; Home health aides

174 NAL Call. No.: HV91.J68 Organizations as volunteers for the rural frail elderly. Young, C.L.; Larson, P.J.; Goughler, D.H. Boulder, CO : Association for Volunteer Administration; 1983. The Journal of volunteer administration v. 2 (1): p. 33-44; 1983. Includes references.

Language: English

Descriptors: Rural population; Elderly; Volunteers; Support systems

175 NAL Call. No.: KF26.F5 1989c Overview of Medicare program hearing before the Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-Term Care of the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, first session, March 3, 1989.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Medicare and Long-Term Care Washington [D.C.] : U.S. G.P.O. : For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, U.S. G.P.O.,; 1989. iv, 197 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (S. hrg. ; 101-35). Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. Item 1038-A, 1038-B (microfiche). Includes bibliographies.

Language: English

Descriptors: Medicare; Hospitals; United States; Prospective payment; D