The Water Quality Information Center at the National Agricultural Library
Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture
Environmental Effects of U.S. Department
of Agriculture Conservation Programs
A Conservation Effects
Assessment Bibliography
Special Reference Briefs
Series no. SRB 2004-01
Compiled by
Stuart R. Gagnon
Joseph R. Makuch
Ted J. Sherman
Water Quality Information
Center
National Agricultural
Library
Agricultural Research
Service
U.S. Department of
Agriculture
454 citations
National Agricultural Library Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351 August 2004
National
Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
Gagnon, Stuart
R.
Environmental
effects of U.S. Department of Agriculture conservation programs : a
conservation effects assessment bibliography.
(Special reference
briefs ; NAL-SRB. 2004-01)
1. Water in
agriculture--United States--Bibliography.
2.Water
quality--United States--Bibliography.
3. Agricultural
pollution--United States--Bibliography.
4.Agriculture and
state--Environmental aspects--United
States--Bibliography.
I. Makuch, Joseph
R. II. Sherman, Ted J. III. Water Quality Information Center
(U.S.)
III. Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.
2004-01
Abstract
Environmental Effects of U.S.
Department of Agriculture Conservation Programs , Special Reference Brief 2004-01. U.S.
Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural
Library.
This bibliography is one in a
multi-volume set developed by the Water Quality Information Center
at the National Agricultural Library in support of the U.S.
Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Conservation Effects Assessment
Project (CEAP). The bibliography is a guide to literature examining
environmental effects of USDA conservation programs. The
information is useful for assessing on-the-ground results of conservation programs
from various environmental perspectives.
Keywords: conservation
programs, environmental quality, program
evaluation, agricultural research, Conservation Reserve
Program ,
Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program, Farm Bill
Mention of trade names or
commercial products in this report is solely for the purpose of
providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or
endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
To ensure timely distribution,
this report has been reproduced essentially as supplied by the
authors. It has received minimal publication editing and
design. The authors' views are their own and do not
necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture.
The
U.S. Department of Agriculture prohibits discrimination in all its
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national
origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual
orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases
apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require
alternative means for communication of program information
(Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET
Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).
To file a complaint of
discrimination, write USDA, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W,
Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington D.C.
20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal
opportunity provider and employer.
August 2004
| Preface | 1 |
| About This Bibliography | 2 |
| Climate Change and Air Quality | 3 |
| Soil | 9 |
| Water | 21 |
| Wildlife Habitat | 35 |
| Other Environmental Effects | 75 |
| Multiple Environmental Effects | 97 |
| Subject Index | 113 |
| Author Index | 131 |
This is one in a series of bibliographies
developed by the Water Quality Information Center at the National
Agricultural Library in support of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture's Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP).
The purpose of CEAP is to study
the environmental effects of conservation practices implemented
through various U.S. Department of Agriculture conservation
programs. CEAP will evaluate conservation practices and management
systems related to nutrient, manure, and pest management; buffer
systems; tillage; irrigation and drainage practices; wetland
protection and restoration; and wildlife habitat establishment.
More information about CEAP is available at www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/nri/ceap/.
The current titles in this series are
Each of the documents, as well as bibliographies on similar topics, is accessible online from the Water Quality Information Center at www.nal.usda.gov/wqic/.
The center gratefully acknowledges the following organizations who granted permission to use their citations and/or abstracts in these bibliographies.
In
addition, support from the Natural Resources Conservation Service
for the development of these bibliographies is greatly appreciated.
Joseph R. Makuch, Ph.D.
Coordinator
Water Quality Information
Center
About This Bibliography
This bibliography is a guide to
literature examining environmental effects of U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA) conservation programs. Examples of programs
covered are the Conservation Reserve Program, Environmental Quality
Incentives Program, Wetlands Reserve Program, and Wildlife Habitat
Incentives Program. The purpose of this bibliography is to provide
an overview of various environmental outcomes resulting from
landowner participation in USDA conservation programs. This
information is useful for assessing on-the-ground results of
conservation programs from various environmental
perspectives.
There are 454 citations with
abstracts (when available) in this bibliography. Citations were
found through literature searches of the AGRICOLA database,
produced by the National Agricultural Library, and several
commercial bibliographic databases. Many relevant citations were
also found in Final
Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for the Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) ,
citation number 416. In addition, Water Quality Information
Center staff created citations for documents that were located by
various other means. Documents cited were published from 1985
through 2003 (with a few included from early 2004). URLs are
provided for online documents that are freely available. The
inclusion or omission of a particular citation does not imply
endorsement or disapproval.
Citations are grouped in these
categories: Climate Change and Air Quality, Soil, Water, Wildlife
Habitat, Other Environmental Effects, and Multiple Environmental
Effects. Within these sections, citations are arranged
alphabetically by title.
To locate information on a
specific topic, for example, conservation tillage, use the subject
index beginning on page 113. To ensure that you see all the
relevant citations for a particular topic, be sure to also look up
related terms in the subject index, for example, no till, ridge
till, etc., from the example above. An author index is also
available beginning on page 131.
To obtain a specific document,
please contact your local library. Information on how to obtain
documents from the National Agricultural Library can be found
at www.nal.usda.gov/ddsb/.
Climate Change and Air Quality
1. Assessment of Alternative Management
Practices and Policies Affecting Soil Carbon in Agroecosystems of
the Central United States.
Donigian, A. S.; Barnwell, T. O.;
Jackson, R. B.; Patwardhan, A. S.; and Weinrich, K. B.
Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency; EPA600R94067, 1994.
Notes: Contract: EPA68CO0019; Prepared in cooperation
with Computer Sciences Corp., Athens, GA. and Colorado State Univ.,
Fort Collins. Natural Resource Ecology Lab. Sponsored by
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
http://www.epa.gov/cgi-bin/claritgw?op-Display&document=clserv:ORD:0762;&rank=4&template=epa
Descriptors:
Emissions/ Ecosystems/ Mathematical
models/ Economic model/ Conservation/ Reduction/ Carbon dioxide/
Land use/ Farm crops/ Cultivation/ Yield/ Regions/ United States/
Trends/ Tables Data/ Climatic changes/ Soil properties/ Carbon/
Organic matter/ Farm management/ Air pollution and control/
Environmental pollution and control/ Agriculture and food/
Agricultural economics/ Agricultural equipment facilities and
operations/ Natural resources and earth sciences/ Soil sciences/
Medicine and biology/ Ecology/ Atmospheric
sciences/ Physical meteorology
Abstract: The goal of the U.S. EPA BIOME
Agroecosystems Assessment Project is to evaluate the degree to
which agroecosystems can be technically managed, on a sustainable
basis, to conserve and sequester carbon, reduce the accumulation of
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and provide reference datasets
and methodologies for agricultural assessment. The report provides
preliminary estimates of carbon sequestration potential for the
central United States including the Corn Belt, the Great Lakes, and
portions of the Great Plains. This study region comprises 44% of
the land area and 60% to 70% of the agricultural cropland of the
conterminous United States. The assessment methodology includes the
integration of the RAMS economic model, the Century soil carbon
model, meteorologic and soils data bases, and GIS display and
analysis capabilities in order to assess the impacts on soil carbon
of current agricultural trends and conditions, alternative tillage
practices, use of cover crops, and Conservation Reserve Program
policy.
2. Assessment of alternative soil management
practices on N2O emissions from US agriculture.
Mummey, D. L.; Smith, J. L.; and
Bluhm, G.
Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment 70
(1): 79-87. (1998)
NAL Call #:
S601 .A34; ISSN: 0167-8809
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
3. Carbon and Nitrogen Sequestration in Two
Prairie Topochronosequences on Contrasting Soils in Southern
Wisconsin.
Brye, KR and Kucharik,
CJ
American Midland
Naturalist 149 (1):
90-103. (Jan. 2003)
NAL Call #:
410 M58; ISSN: 0003-0031
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
Organic Matter Recovery/ Grassland Soils/ Cultivation/
Accumulation/ Abandonment/ Dynamics/ Storage/ Sink
Abstract: Prairie restoration has the potential to
sequester nitrogen (N) and atmospheric carbon (C) in the soil, but
the capability of a site to respond positively to prairie
restoration depends on numerous factors such as soil parent
material, topography and time. Soil bulk density in the top 10 cm
and C and N concentrations at several intervals to a depth of 1 m
were measured in a tallgrass prairie topochronosequence at fine-
and coarse-textured soil locations to evaluate the role of texture,
slope and ecosystem age in controlling C and N sequestration
following cessation of cultivation and subsequent prairie
restoration. Soil C and N concentrations, contents and C:N ratios
were significantly greater in fine-textured soils compared to sites
with coarse-textured soil. Soil texture generally did not explain
variations in the amounts or rates of C and N sequestration in the
restored prairies. Soil surface bulk density was significantly
correlated with slope, but not ecosystem age, at sites with
coarse-textured soil. Within the limits of this study, neither
slope nor ecosystem age were correlated to bulk density at sites
with fine-textured soil. Soil C content in the top 25 cm increased
significantly as ecosystem age increased for the restored and
remnant prairies at the fine-textured location, but not at the
coarse-textured location. Results demonstrate that a combination of
soil parent material, topography and time since cessation of
cultivation control the content and accumulation of C and N
following prairie restoration. In the context of this study, the
bottom line is that significant C sequestration was not achieved,
given the current level and types of restoration management, within
two and a half decades following conversion of cultivated cropland
to prairie.
© Thomson ISI
4. Carbon dynamics of the Conservation and
Wetland Reserve Programs.
Barker, J. R.; Baumgardner, G. A.;
Turner, D. P.; and Lee, J. J.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 51
(4): 340-346. (July 1996-Aug.
1996)
NAL Call #:
56.8-J822; ISSN: 0022-4561 [JSWCA3]
Descriptors:
land use/ conversion/ carbon cycle/
woodlands/ grasslands/ farmland/ afforestation/ carbon/ atmosphere/
air pollution/ greenhouse effect/ land management/ federal
programs/ forest soils/ grassland soils/ agricultural soils/
trends/ Conservation Reserve Program/ carbon sequestration/
nutrient dynamics/ carbon pools/ global carbon budget/ greenhouse
gases/
croplands/ forestlands
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
5. Climate and weather of the Great
Plains.
Wilken, G. C.
In: General Technical Report RM;
Vol. 158.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
18-20.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
weather/ climate/ northern plains
states of USA/ southern plains states of USA
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
6. Conservation practices in U.S. agriculture
and their impact on carbon sequestration.
Uri, Noel D.
Environmental Monitoring
and Assessment 70 (3):
323-344. (2001)
NAL Call #:
TD194.E5; ISSN: 0167-6369
Descriptors:
carbon: soil sequestration
practices/ Conservation Reserve Program/ United States agriculture:
conservation practices/ comprehensive effort/ conservation buffer
strips/ conservation practices: evolution/ soil
conservation:
individual, site
specific
Abstract: Increase in the use of conservation
practices by agriculture in the United States will enhance soil
organic carbon and potentially increase carbon sequestration. This,
in turn, will decrease the net emission of carbon dioxide. A number
of studies exist that calibrate the contribution of various
individual, site-specific conservation practices on changes in soil
organic carbon. There is a general absence, however, of a
comprehensive effort to measure objectively the contribution of
these practices including conservation tillage, the Conservation
Reserve Program, and conservation buffer strips to an change in
soil organic carbon. This paper fills that void. After recounting
the evolution of the use of the various conservation practices, it
is estimated that organic carbon in the soil in 1998 in the United
States attributable to these practices was about 12.2 million
metric tons. By 2008, there will be an increase of about 25%. Given
that there is a significant potential for conservation practices to
lead to an increase in carbon sequestration, there are a number of
policy options that can be pursued.
© Thomson
7. Conservation Reserve Program: Effects on
soil organic carbon and preservation when converting back to
cropland in northeastern Colorado.
Bowman, R. A. and Anderson, R.
L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 57
(2): 121-126. (2002)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
United States, Colorado/ Watershed
Management/ Agricultural Practices/ Organic Carbon/ Soil Chemistry/
Soil Conservation/ Tillage/ Crops/ Watershed protection
Abstract: Information on the potential for carbon
sequestration from the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and
knowledge concerning the fate of accrued carbon on sod takeout and
recropping to a wheat-based rotation are essential. We conducted
two separate field studies in northeastern Colorado to quantify the
soil organic carbon (SOC) changes after various amounts of time in
the CRP program, and to assess problems associated with converting
CRP grass to cropland and the potential for loss of accrued SOC
with different tillage systems. For our first objective, we
assessed six CRP sites, with three sites showing increased SOC
content over the adjacent winter wheat/summer fallow sites, and
three sites showing no differences. In the conversion study,
systems with little or no tillage yielded more winter wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) grain than systems with tillage because of
more available soil water at planting time. Furthermore, SOC loss
was less with no-till and reduced-till (herbicides plus one
tillage) systems than by conventional tillage with numerous sweep
plow operations. Thus, NT and reduced-till systems designed to
control perennial CRP grasses will enable producers to maintain
some of the gains in SOC when CRP land is converted to
cropland.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
8. Considering offsite wind erosion benefits
in the decision to implement soil conservation practices: An
example using the Conservation Reserve Program.
Piper, S.
Applied Agricultural
Research 5 (3): 153-158.
maps. (Summer 1990)
NAL Call #:
S539.5.A77; ISSN: 0179-0374 [AAREEZ]
Descriptors:
wind erosion/ decision making/ soil
conservation/ cost benefit analysis/ public expenditure/ social
benefits/ program effectiveness/ United States/ offsite benefits/
onsite benefits
Abstract: Wind erosion in the western United States
results in substantial offsite and onsite damages. These damages
can be reduced by implementing soil conservation measures to
decrease the level of wind erosion on agricultural land. Soil
conservation decisions by farmers are based primarily on the amount
of onsite benefits possible from erosion control. However, both
onsite and offsite benefits must be considered in order to attain a
socially desirable level of soil conservation. Estimates of the
offsite and onsite benefits from the Conservation Reserve Program
indicate that excluding offsite benefits from the soil conservation
decision results in a substantially lower than socially desirable
level of soil conservation.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
9. CRP and microbial biomass dynamics in
temperate climates.
Follett, R. F.
In: Management of carbon
sequestration in soil/
Lal, R.; Kimble, J. M.; Follet, R.
F.; and Stewart, B. A.; Series: Advances in soil
science.
Boca Ration, Fla.: CRC Press,
1998; pp. 305-322.
Notes: ISBN: 0849374421; Paper presented at the
symposium "Carbon sequestration in soils,"
held July, 1996, The Ohio State
University
NAL Call #: S592.6.C35M35-1998
Descriptors:
soil flora/ biomass/ soil/ quality/
land use/ soil management/ federal programs/ soil conservation/
Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
10. The CRP increases soil organic
carbon.
Gebhart, D. L.; Johnson, H. B.;
Mayeux, H. S.; and Polley, H. W.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 49
(5): 488-492. (1994)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
soil conservation/ soil organic
matter/ carbon/ cropland/ pastures/ land use/ cultivated lands/
organic carbon/ crops/ Watershed protection/ Land pollution/
Conservation
Abstract: The land use change from cropland to
perennial grass cover associated with the Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) may sequester atmospheric CO sub(2) back into the
soil carbon pool, thereby changing formerly cultivated soils from
sources to sinks for atmospheric carbon. To evaluate the effect of
CRP on soil organic carbon (SOC) levels, samples from adjacent
cropland, native pasture, and five year old CRP sites in Texas,
Kansas, and Nebraska were analyzed. Across all locations, SOC
levels for cropland, CRP, and native pasture were 59.2, 65.1, and
90.8 metric tons C/ha in the surface 300 cm, respectively. CRP
lands gained an average of 1.1 tons C/ha/yr suggesting that the 17
million hectares of land enrolled in CRP may have the potential to
sequester about 45% of the 38.1 million tons of carbon released
annually into the atmosphere from U.S. agriculture. These findings
illustrate that agricultural CO sub(2) emissions may be effectively
controlled through changes in land use and management
systems.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
11. Evaluating the environmental effects of
agricultural policy: The soil bank, the CRP, and airborne
particulate concentrations.
Ringquist, R. J.; Lee, J.; and
Ervin, R. T.
Policy Studies
Journal 23: 519-533. (Fall
1995); ISSN:
0190-292X
Descriptors:
United States---Environmental
policy/ Air pollution---United States/ Agriculture---United
States---Legislation/ Soil conservation---United States
Legislation/ United States---Agricultural policy---Legislation/
Soil erosion---Environmental aspects/ Agriculture---Environmental
aspects
Abstract: Finds significant improvement in air
quality as a result of soil conservation provisions of the 1985 and
1990 Farm bills; some focus on the 1985 Conservation Reserve
program; US. Analysis of reduction in air-borne dust in the
Southern High Plains region.
© 2004 PAIS, published by OCLC
Public Affairs Information Service
12. Forest carbon sinks: Costs and effects of
expanding the Conservation Reserve Program.
Parks, P. J. and Hardie, I.
W.
Choices 11 (2): 37-39. (1996)
NAL Call #:
HD1751.C45; ISSN: 0886-5558
Descriptors:
forests/ carbon/ federal programs/
program participants/ farmland/ land diversion/
United States/ carbon
emission
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
13. Land management effects on nitrogen and
carbon cycling in an Ultisol.
Torbert, H. A.; Prior, S. A.; and
Reeves, D. W.
Communications in Soil
Science and Plant Analysis 30 (9/10): 1345-1359. (1999)
NAL Call #:
S590.C63; ISSN: 0010-3624 [CSOSA2]
Descriptors:
ultisols / nitrogen cycle/ carbon
cycle/ land management/ soil fertility/ tillage/ conservation
tillage/ cover crops/ fallow systems/ cropping systems/ gossypium
hirsutum/ triticum aestivum/ pinus taeda/ Alabama
Abstract: Soil carbon (C) content in agro-systems
is important in a global context because of the potential for soil
to act as a sink for atmospheric CO(2). However, soil C storage in
agro-ecosystems can be sensitive to land management practices. The
objective of this study was to examine the impact of land
management systems on C and nitrogen (N) cycling in an Ultisol in
Alabama. Soil samples (0-10,10-20, and 20-30 cm depths) were
collected from a Marvyn sandy loam soil (fine-loamy, siliceous,
thermic Typic Hapludults) under five different farm scale
management systems for at least 5 years. The five systems were
cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production managed with 1)
conventional tillage only, 2) conventional tillage with a grazed
winter cover crop (wheat, Triticum aestivum L.), 3) conservation
tillage with a winter cover crop grown for cover only with strip
tillage; or taken out of cotton production with either 4)
long-term-fallow (mowed), or 5) Conservation Reserve Program with
loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) (CRP-pine). Total N, total organic C
(TOC), total P, and soil C:N ratios were determined. Potential C
mineralization, N mineralization, C turnover and C:N mineralization
ratios were determined on samples during a 30-day laboratory
incubation study. The fallow system had significantly higher TOC
concentration (7.7 g kg(-1) C) while the CRP-pine system had lower
TOC concentration (3.1 g kg(-1) C) compared with the farmed
management systems (approximately equal to 4.7 g kg(-1) C). The
fallow system had a significantly lower C turnover at all three
soil depths compared with the other management systems. At the 0-10
cm depth, the highest C:N mineralization ratio levels were observed
in management systems receiving the most tillage. Our results
indicate that for Ultisols in the Southeast the use of surface
tillage in land management systems is a controlling factor which
may limit soil C sequestration.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
14. National-Scale Estimation of Changes in
Soil Carbon Stocks on Agricultural Lands.
Eve, MD; Sperow, M; Paustian, K;
and Follett, RF
Environmental
Pollution 116 (3): 431-438.
(2002)
NAL Call #:
QH545.A1E52; ISSN: 0269-7491
Descriptors:
Carbon Sequestration/ Global
Change/ Land Use Change/ IPCC Inventory/ Carbon Dioxide (CO2) /
Greenhouse Gas/ Conservation Tillage/ Organic Carbon/
Sequestration/ Resources/ Dynamics/ Matter/ Sinks
Abstract: Average annual net change in soil carbon
stocks under past and current management is needed as part of
national reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and to evaluate the
potential for soils as sinks to mitigate increasing atmospheric
CO2. We estimated net soil C stock changes for US agricultural
soils during the period from 1982 to 1997 using the IPCC
(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) method for greenhouse
gas inventories. Land use data from the NRI (National Resources
Inventory; USDA-NRCS) were used as input along with ancillary data
sets on climate, soils, and agricultural management. Our results
show that, overall, changes in land use and agricultural management
have resulted in a net gain of 21.2 MMT C year(-1) in US
agricultural soils during this period. Cropped lands account for
15.1 MMT C year(- 1), while grazing land soil C increased 6.1 MMT C
year(-1). The land use and management changes that have contributed
the most to increasing soil C during this period are (1) adoption
of conservation tillage practices on cropland, (2) enrollment of
cropland in the Conservation Reserve Program, and (3) cropping
intensification that has resulted in reduced use of bare fallow.
(C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
© Thomson ISI
15. Potential carbon benefits of the
Conservation Reserve Program in the United States.
Barker, J. R.; Baumgardner, G. A.;
Turner, D. P.; and Lee, J. J.
Journal of
Biogeography 22 (4-5):
743-751. (1995)
NAL Call #:
QH1.J62; ISSN: 0305-0270.
Notes: Conference: 1. GCTE Science Conference, Woods
Hole, MA (USA), 23-27 May 1994
Descriptors:
USA/ carbon sinks/ land
improvement/ vegetation changes/ climatic changes/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ Conservation
Abstract: Three scenarios of the Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) were simulated to project carbon (C) pools
and fluxes of associated grassland and forestland for the years
1986-2035; and to evaluate the potential to offset greenhouse gas
emissions through C sequestration. The approach was to link
land-area enrolments with grassland and forestland C densities to
simulate C pools and fluxes over 50 years. The CRP began in 1986
and by 1996 consisted of 16.2 x 10 super(6) ha cropland converted
to 14.7 x 10 super(6) ha grassland and of 1.5 x 10 super(6) ha
forestland. The CRP1 simulated the likely outcome of the CRP as
contracts expire in 1996 with the anticipated return of 8.7 x 10
super(6) ha grassland and of 0.4 x 10 super(6) ha forestland to
crop production. The CRP2 assumed that the CRP continues with no
land returning to crop production. The CRP3 was an expansion of the
CRP2 to include afforestation of 4 x 10 super(6) ha new land.
Average net annual C gains for the years 1996-2005 were < 1, 12,
and 16 TgC yr super(-1) for CRP1, CRP2, and CRP3, respectively.
Afforestation of marginal cropland as simulated under CRP3 could
provide approximately 15% of the C offset needed to attain the
Climate Change Action Plan of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to
their 1990 level by the year 2000 within the United
States.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
16. Soil carbon sequestration and the
greenhouse effect: Proceedings of a symposium, 90th Annual
Meeting.
Lal, R.
Madison, WI: Soil Science Society
of America; xvii, 236. (2001)
Notes: Meeting held 18-22 October 1998 at Baltimore,
MD.; ISBN:
0-89118-836-3
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
17. Soil Change and Carbon Storage in Longleaf
Pine Stands Planted on Marginal Agricultural Lands.
Markewitz, D; Sartori, F; and
Craft, C
Ecological
Applications 12 (5):
1276-1285. (Oct. 2002)
NAL Call #:
QH540.E23; ISSN: 1051-0761
Descriptors:
Carbon Storage/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ Longleaf Pine/ Marginal Agricultural Lands/ Soil
Cations/ Soil Change/ Soil Nitrogen/ Soil Phosphorus/ Wiregrass
Savannas/ Ecosystem Function/ Loblolly Pine/ 3 Decades Forest/
Sequestration/ Patterns/ Turnover
Abstract: An increasing area of marginal
agricultural land in the coastal plain of the southeastern United
States is being planted to longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.).
This chronosequence study in southern Georgia evaluated the effect
of pine planting and the associated cessation of agricultural
activity such as tillage and fertilization on soil C storage and
soil nutrient stocks. Soils are Arenic or Typic Kandiudults with
coarse- textured surface soils. Soil C, nutrients, and bulk density
from 0 to 50 cm in planted stands 1, 3, 7, and 14 yr old, as well
as soils beneath natural longleaf pine stands that were in a never
tilled (NT) condition, were evaluated (n = 3 per stand age). No
accumulation of soil C was apparent during the first 14 yr of pine
growth. The average content of soil C in planted stands (11 +/- 1
Mg/ha; mean +/- 1 SE) was similar to 16 Mg/ha less than that in the
NT soils (27 +/- 4 Mg/ha). Soil total N content within planted
stands also did not differ by age, although extractable NO,
declined rapidly. Despite agricultural N inputs, the mean N content
of planted stands (410 +/- 83 Mg/ha) was below that in NT stands
(730 +/- 21 Mg/ha). Total P (1507 +/- 21 Mg/ha) and extractable P
(113 -_ 21 Mg/ha) contents also did not differ between planted
stands but had highly elevated values compared to total P (728 -_
38 Mg/ha) and extractable P (2 +/- 1 Mg/ha) for NT soils. Soil
exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K had generally decreasing contents with
stand age but varying patterns related to NT soils. During the
first 14 yr of reforestation, soils did not sequester C. Carbon
benefits may be gained, however, in above-ground and belowground
biomass accumulation and through the cessation of high
energy-consumptive activities such as fertilization or tillage.
Enhanced P fertility on these marginal lands can improve pine
growth, but only if other elements such as N are not limiting to
growth.
© Thomson ISI
18. Soil management concepts and carbon
sequestration in cropland soils.
Follett, R. F.
Soil and Tillage
Research 61 (1/2): 77-92.
(2001)
NAL Call #:
S590.S48; ISSN: 0167-1987
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
19. Statistical Assessment of a Paired-Site
Approach for Verification of Carbon and Nitrogen Sequestration on
Wisconsin Conservation Reserve Program Land.
Kucharik, CJ; Roth, JA; and
Nabielski, RT
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 58 (1): 58-67.
(Jan. 2003-Feb. 2003)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
Agricultural Land Management/
Carbon Sequestration / CRP/ Soil Organic Matter/ Wisconsin/ Organic
Matter Recovery/ Particle Size Analysis/ Soil Carbon/ Quality/
Switchgrass/ Management/ Grassland/ Storage/ Fields/
Bulk
Abstract: The threat of global climate change has
provoked policy-makers to consider plausible strategies to slow the
accumulation of greenhouse gases-especially carbon dioxide (CO2)-in
the atmosphere. One such idea involves the sequestration of
atmospheric carbon (C) in degraded agricultural soils as part of
the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). While the potential for
significant C sequestration in CRP grassland ecosystems has been
demonstrated, the paired-site sampling approach traditionally used
to quantify soil C changes has not been evaluated with robust
statistical analysis. In this study, 14 paired CRP (> 8 years
old) and cropland sites in Dane County, Wisconsin, were used to
assess whether a paired-site sampling design could detect
statistically significant differences (ANOVA) in mean soil organic
C and total nitrogen (N) storage. We compared 0 to 10 cm (0 to 3.9
in) bulk density and sampled soils (0 to 5 cm, 5 to 10 cm, and 10
to 25 cm [0 to 2 in, 2 to 3.9 in, and 3.9 to 9.8 in]) for textural
differences and chemical analysis of organic matter (OM), soil
organic C (SOC), total N, and pH. The CRP contributed to reducing
soil bulk density by 13% (p < 0.001) and increased SOC and OM
storage (kg m(-2) [lb ft(-2)]) by 13% to 17% in the 0 to 5 cm (2
in) layer (p = 0.1). We tested the statistical power associated
with ANOVA for measured soil properties and calculated minimum
detectable differences (MDD). We concluded that 40 to 65 paired
sites and soil sampling in 5 cm (2 in) increments near the surface
were needed to achieve an 80% confidence level (a = 0.05;
β = 0.20) in soil C and N sequestration rates. Because
soil C and total N storage was highly variable among these sites
(CVs > 20%), only a 23% to 29% change in existing total organic
C and N pools could be reliably detected. While C and N
sequestration (247 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1) and 17 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)
[220 lb C ac(-1) and 15 lb N ac(-1)]) may be occurring and confined
to the surface 5 cm (2 in) as part of the Wisconsin CRP, our
sampling design did not statistically support the desired 80%
confidence level. We conclude that usage of statistical power
analysis is essential to insure a high level of confidence in soil
C and N sequestration rates that are quantified using paired
plots.
© Thomson ISI
20. Uncertainty in estimating land use and
management impacts on soil organic carbon storage for US
agricultural lands between 1982 and 1997.
Ogle, S. M.; Breidt, F. J.; Eve,
M. D.; and Paustian, K.
Global Change
Biology 9 (11): 1521-1542.
(2003)
NAL Call #:
QC981.8.C5G6323; ISSN: 1354-1013.
Notes: Number of References: 143;
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing
Ltd
Descriptors:
Environment/ Ecology/
agroecosystems/ carbon sequestration/ greenhouse gas mitigation/
IPCC/ land use change/ uncertainty analysis/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ fine sandy loam/ cultivated grassland soils/ Carbon 13
natural abundance/ fallow tillage systems/ long term tillage/
southwestern Saskatchewan/ crop rotations/ great plains/ nitrogen
fertilization
Abstract: Uncertainty was quantified for an
inventory estimating change in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage
resulting from modifications in land use and management across US
agricultural lands between 1982 and 1997. This inventory was
conducted using a modified version of a carbon (C) accounting
method developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC). Probability density functions (PDFs) were derived for each
input to the IPCC model, including reference SOC stocks, land
use/management activity data, and management factors. Change in C
storage was estimated using a Monte-Carlo approach with 50 000
iterations, by randomly selecting values from the PDFs after
accounting for dependencies in the model inputs. Over the inventory
period, mineral soils had a net gain of 10.8 Tg C yr(-1), with a
95% confidence interval ranging from 6.5 to 15.3 Tg C yr(-1). Most
of this gain was due to setting-aside lands in the Conservation
Reserve Program. In contrast, managed organic soils lost 9.4 Tg C
yr(-1), with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 6.4 to 13.3 Tg
C yr(-1). Combining these gains and losses in SOC, US agricultural
soils accrued 1.3 Tg C yr(-1) due to land use and management
change, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from a loss of 4.4
Tg C yr(-1) to a gain of 6.9 Tg C yr(-1). Most of the uncertainty
was attributed to management factors for tillage, land use change
between cultivated and uncultivated conditions, and C loss rates
from managed organic soils. Based on the uncertainty, we are not
able to conclude with 95% confidence that change in US agricultural
land use and management between 1982 and 1997 created a net C sink
for atmospheric CO2.
© Thomson ISI
21. Agricultural sedimentation impacts on
lakeside property values.
Bejranonda, S.; Hitzhusen, F. J.;
and Hite, D.
Agricultural and Resource
Economics Review 28
(2): 208-218. (1999)
NAL Call #:
HD1773.A2N6; ISSN: 1068-2805
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
22. Agriculture and dynamics of soil erosion
in the United States.
Uri, Noel D and Lewis, James
A
Journal of Sustainable
Agriculture 14 (3): 63-82.
(1999)
NAL Call #:
S494.5.S86S8; ISSN: 1044-0046
Descriptors:
Soil erosion---United States/ Soil
conservation---United States/ United States---Agricultural
policy---Environmental aspects/ Agriculture---Environmental
aspects/ United States---Environmental policy
Abstract: Examines soil conservation programs'
effectiveness in reducing erosion; educational, technical and
financial assistance, research and development, land retirement,
regulation, tax, and incentives policies meant to affect production
practices adoption. Some focus on the Food Security Act of 1985,
the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act (FAIR) of 1996,
and the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP).
© 2004 PAIS, published by OCLC
Public Affairs Information Service
23. Assessment of soil quality in Conservation
Reserve Program and wheat-fallow soils.
Staben, M. L.; Bezdicek, D. F.;
Smith, J. L.; and Fauci, M. F.
Soil Science Society of
America Journal 61
(1): 124-130. (1997)
NAL Call #:
56.9-So3; ISSN: 0361-5995 [SSSJD4]
Descriptors:
soil/ quality/ assessment/ land
use/ land diversion/ grassland soils/ agricultural soils/ wheat
soils/ soil organic matter/ carbon/ nitrogen content/ carbon
nitrogen ratio/ soil flora/ soil fauna/ biomass/ soil enzymes/
enzyme activity/ soil ph/ mineralization/ respiration/ soil
management/ Washington/ soil respiration
Abstract: Chemical and microbial aspects of soil
quality are an important consideration when evaluating the benefits
of soil conservation efforts such as the Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the
quality of CRP and wheat-fallow (W-F) soils using soil biological
and chemical parameters and C and N mineralization processes. The
study was conducted on 20 CRP/W-F paired sites in eastern
Washington, on Ritzville silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic
Calciorthidic Haploxerolls). Soils collected from the paired fields
were analyzed for chemical and biological parameters that have been
suggested as indicators of soil quality. Potential enzyme
activities and soil N were higher in the CRP soil than the W-F
soil. Although there were no significant differences in total
organic carbon (TOC) or microbial biomass carbon (MBC) the C
mineralization potentials and C pools were significantly different
between the CRP and W-F soils. Soil biota measurements showed there
was greater active bacterial biomass in the CRP soil but greater
fungal-feeding nematodes, flagellates, and amoebae in the W-F soil.
The C mineralization study suggests that there is a significant
increase in the secondary C pool of the CRP soil, which may
indicate a buildup of higher quality soil organic matter and the
potential for higher enzyme levels. When grass or straw was added
to each soil type, the W-F soil produced more CO2 with either
substrate than the CRP soil, indicating C limiting conditions in
the W-F soil. Since it is unknown what constitutes good soil
quality, these shifts in chemical and biological parameters may
seem subtle. However, in general, trends in the data indicated that
soil quality in the CRP was improved after 4 to 7 yr, compared with
its previous management in W-F cropland.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
24. Assessment of soil quality in fields with
short and long term enrollment in the CRP.
Baer, S. G.; Rice, C. W.; and
Blair, J. M.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 55
(2): 142-146. (2000)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
25. Comparing performance of the 1985 and the
1990 Conservation Reserve Programs in the West.
Young, D.; Bechtel, A.; and
Coupal, R.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 49
(5): 484-487. (1994)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
soil conservation/ government
supports/ cropland/ cost analysis/ environmental effects/ policy
making/ soil management/ Western/ erosion control/ government
programs/ economics/ environmental impact/ United States/ Watershed
protection/ Environmental action/ Conservation/ United
States
Abstract: Despite its widespread popularity, the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has been criticized for its cost
ineffectiveness in achieving soil conservation goals. The objective
of this study was to compare how the more targeted revision of the
CRP in the 1990 Farm Bill compares with the 1985 Farm Bill CRP in
concentrating enrollment in highly erodible western U.S. counties.
Correlations between CRP enrollment and erodibility for counties in
California, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington show that the 1990 CRP
has been more successful than the 1985 CRP in concentrating
enrollment in erodible counties. Fixed bid caps in the 1985 CRP
often directed enrollment to counties with lower productivity and
modest erodibility, which reduced cost-effectiveness. While the
1990 reforms appear to have improved the targeting of the CRP, the
1 million ha (2.3 million ac) 1990 CRP is small in terms of
economic and environmental impact compared to the 14 million ha (34
million ac) 1985 CRP.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
26. Conservation Reserve Program effects on
soil quality indicators.
Karlen, D. L.; Rosek, M. J.;
Gardner, J. C.; Allan, D. L.; Alms, M. J.; Bezdicek, D. F.; Flock,
M.; Huggins, D. R.; Miller, B. S.; and Staben, M. L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 54
(1): 439-444. (1999)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ Regional conservation programs/ Iowa/
Minnesota/
North Dakota/
Washington
Abstract: Reviewed soil data from areas in the U.S.
for their responses to the CRP and whether the soil quality
indicators currently used are an accurate measure of ecosystem
responses to CRP.
27. Cost effectiveness and equity aspects of
soil conservation programs in a highly erodible region.
Young, D. L.; Walker, D. J.; and
Kanjo, P. L.
American Journal of
Agricultural Economics 73 (4): 1053-1062. (Nov. 1991)
NAL Call #:
280.8-J822; ISSN: 0002-9092
Descriptors:
erosion/ soil conservation/ cost
effectiveness analysis/ federal programs/ farmers/ agricultural
regions/ economic impact/ social costs/ profits/ integer
programming/ program participants/ Washington/ food security act of
1985/ distribution of costs/ taxpayers mixed integer programming
models/ Whitman County, Washington
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve (CRP) and
Conservation Compliance Programs could divide the soil conservation
burden between farmers and taxpayers. In a highly erodible
southeastern Washington region, however, a uniform region-wide CRP
bid cap and relaxed compliance requirements resulted in little or
no projected burden for farmers in arid, less productive
subregions. In contrast, farmers in a more productive subregion
were projected to bear 50% or more of the costs of soil
conservation. The projected government cost per ton of soil
conserved also increased threefold from the most to the least
productive subregion.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
28. Earthworm (Lumbricidae) survey of North
Dakota fields placed in the U.S. Conservation Reserve
Program.
Deibert, E. J. and Utter, R.
A.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 58
(1): 39-45. (2003); ISSN: 0022-4561
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
29. Effects of long-term cropping on chemical
aspects of soil quality.
Eck, H. V. and Stewart, B.
A.
Journal of Sustainable
Agriculture 12
(2/3): 5-20. (1998)
NAL Call #:
S494.5.S86S8; ISSN: 1044-0046
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
30. Enzyme activities in semiarid soils under
Conservation Reserve Program, native rangeland, and
cropland.
Acosta-Martinez, V.; Klose, S.;
and Zobeck, T. M.
Journal of Plant Nutrition
and Soil Science / Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenernahrung und
Bodenkunde 166 (6):
699-707. (2003)
NAL Call #:
384 Z343A; ISSN: 1436-8730.
Notes: Number of References: 39;
Publisher: Wiley-V C H Verlag
Gmbh
Descriptors:
Agriculture/ Agronomy/ specific
enzyme activities/ arylamidase activity/ beta glucosaminidase
activity/ crop rotations/ cotton/ sunflowers/ beta glucosaminidase
activity / microbial biomass/ residue management/ cropping systems/
arylamidase activity/ organic matter/ chloroform fumigation/ cotton
yield/ tillage/ nitrogen
Abstract: There is limited knowledge of biochemical
processes in low carbon content soils of semiarid regions under
different land use and management. This study investigated several
enzyme activities of C, N, P, and S transformations in semiarid
soils with different clay (10-21 %) and sand (59-85%) contents that
were under Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), native rangeland
(NR), and cropland (CL) under sunflowers (Eriophyllum ambiguum
(Gray)), continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), or in rotations
with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
in West Texas, USA. Soils under CRP and NR showed higher total C
and N contents than cultivated soils under continuous cotton, but
soil pH (6.7-8.4) was not affected by the management or land use
studied. The activities of beta-glucosidase, beta-glucosaminidase,
arylamidase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, and
arylsulfatase (mg product (kg soil)(-1) h(-1)) were lower in CL
under continuous cotton compared to cotton in rotation with other
crops, CRP, and NR. The enzyme activities were also lower when
compared to soils from other regions. Linear regression analyses
indicated positive correlations between enzyme activities and total
C
(r values up to 0.96, P <
0.01). There was a positive relationship between enzyme activities
and total N, but soil pH showed the opposite trend. Enzyme
activities were significantly intercorrelated with r values up to
0.98 (P < 0.001). The specific enzyme activities (mg product (g
organic C)(-1)) were lower in continuous cotton in comparison to
the uncultivated soils (i.e., NR and CRP) reflecting differences in
organic matter quantity and quality due to cultivation. Among the
enzymes studied, the specific activities of beta-glucosidase and
arylamidase showed a more pronounced decrease with increasing soil
depth. In general, soils under CRP or wheat-cotton rotations
revealed higher enzyme activities than soils under the common
agricultural practice for these regions, i.e., continuous cotton
under conventional tillage.
© Thomson ISI
31. Erosion estimates and the effects of land
use changes on soil savings estimates--Insights from the 1992
National Resources Inventory: Benefits.
Kellogg, R. L. and Wallace,
S.
In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual
Meeting of the Soil and Water Conservation Society. (Held 7-9 Aug, 1995 at Des Moines,
Iowa.); pp. 37-38; 1995.
Descriptors:
USA/ natural resources/ erosion
rates/ cropland/ wind erosion/ land use/ sheet erosion/ rill
erosion/ soil conservation/ 1992 National Resources Inventory/
Conservation Reserve Program/ Erosion and sedimentation
Abstract: The 1992 National Resources
Inventory shows that average erosion rates on cropland fell
dramatically during the 10-year period from 1982 to 1992. The sheet
and rill erosion rate fell from an average of 4.1 tons per acre per
year on 421 million acres of cropland in 1982 to 3.1 tons per acre
per year on 382 million acres of cropland in 1992. At the same
time, the average rate of wind erosion fell from 3.3 tons per acre
per year to 2.4 tons per acre per year. The combined wind and water
erosion rate reduction translates to a saving of nearly 1 billion
tons of soil per year, with approximately equal savings arising
from reductions in sheet and rill erosion rates and wind erosion
rates. Of this, about 395 million tons per year is due to the
enrollment of land in the Conservation Reserve Program, 529 million
tons per year is due to improved conservation practices on
croplands acres, 158 million tons per year is due to conversion of
cropland to other uses (such as developed land, pastureland, etc.).
These savings are offset to some extent by an increase in erosion
of 102 million tons per year on noncropland in 1982 converted to
cropland by 1992. The paper includes a detailed breakdown of these
soil savings estimates for eight major field crops-corn, cotton,
soybeans, wheat, potatoes, sorghum, barley, and rice.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (CSA)
32. Erosion potential of a Torrertic
Paleustoll after converting Conservation Reserve Program grassland
to cropland.
Unger, P. W.
Soil Science Society of
America Journal 63
(6): 1795-1801. (1999)
NAL Call #:
56.9-So3; ISSN: 0361-5995 [SSSJD4]
Descriptors:
mollisols/ clay loam soils/ wind
erosion/ water erosion/ erodibility/ grassland soils/ land use/
conversion/ tillage/ soil management/ grasses/ plant residues/
Texas/ grass management
Abstract: Extensive cropland areas were covered by
the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in the semiarid southern
Great Plains. Because soils were highly erodible, would erosion
again become a problem when CRP land was converted to cropland? The
erosion potential due to tillage methods used to convert CRP
grassland to cropland was determined on Pullman clay loam
(Torrertic Paleustoll). Tillage methods were no-, sweep, disk, and
moldboard + disk tillage with CRP grass retained or removed (mowing
and baling), and grass burning followed by sweep or disk tillage.
Wind erosion potential was based on percentage of > 0.84-mm
diam. and mean weight diameter (MWD) of dry aggregates at 2 to 3 yr
after converting to cropland. Water erosion potential was based on
MWD and percentage of < 0.25-mm water-stable aggregates, and
water stability of 1-to 2-mm aggregates at crop planting and
harvest. Few differences due to tillage methods were significant.
For dry aggregates, more than 60% were > 0.84-mm diam. and MWD
was >10 mm with all tillage methods, indicating a low wind
erosion potential. Wet aggregate stability and MWD values at some
sampling times indicated water erosion could occur. Although
erosion potential was low, continued use of residue-incorporating
tillage could lead to greater potentials. Because of initially low
potentials, CRP land on Pullman and similar soils could be
converted to cropland by any tillage method. Then, a conservation
tillage system (e.g., no-tillage) could be implemented before
erosion by wind or water became a serious problem.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
33. Establishment of range plants in the
northern Great Plains.
Reis, R. E.; White, R. S.; and
Lorenz, R. J.
In: General Technical Report
RM.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
29-34.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
resource conservation/ soil
conservation/ legislation/ replanting/ northern plains states of
USA/ food security act of 1985/ Conservation Reserve
Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
34. Evaluating Agricultural Nonpoint-Source
Pollution Programs in Two Lake Erie Tributaries.
Forster, D. L. and Rausch, J.
N.
Journal of Environmental
Quality 31 (1): 24-31. (2002)
NAL Call #:
QH540.J6; ISSN: 0047-2425
Descriptors:
Economics/ Agriculture/ Nonpoint
pollution/ Soil erosion/ Water pollution control/ Water
conservation/ Government programs/ tributaries/ Costs/ Performance
assessment/ Governments/ Erosion control/ Pollution control/
Agricultural pollution/ North America, Erie L/ United States,
Maumee River/ United States, Ohio, Sandusky River/ Agricultural
Watersheds/ Nonpoint Pollution Sources/ Best Management Practices/
Government Supports/ Expenditures/ Economic Evaluation/ Economic
Efficiency/ Catchment areas/ Erosion/ Pollution (Nonpoint sources)/
United States, Erie L/ United States, Ohio, Sandusky River/ United
States, Ohio, Maumee River/ Environmental action/ Prevention and
control/ Watershed protection/ Water Quality/ Water Pollution:
Monitoring, Control & Remediation/ Water quality
control
Abstract: During the past three decades, numerous
government programs have encouraged Lake Erie basin farmers to
adopt practices that reduce water pollution. The first section of
this paper summarizes these state and federal government
agricultural pollution abatement programs in watersheds of two
prominent Lake Erie tributaries, the Maumee River and Sandusky
River. Expenditures are summarized for each program, total
expenditures in each county are estimated, and cost effectiveness
of program expenditures (i.e., cost per metric ton of soil saved)
are analyzed. Farmers received nearly $143 million as incentive
payments to implement agricultural nonpoint source pollution
abatement programs in the Maumee and Sandusky River watersheds from
1987 to 1997. About 95% of these funds was from federal sources. On
average, these payments totaled about $7000 per farm or about $30
per farm acre (annualized equivalent of $2 per acre) within the
watersheds. Our analysis raises questions about how efficiently
these incentive payments were allocated. The majority of
Agricultural Conservation Program (ACP) funds appear to have been
spent on less cost-effective practices. Also, geographic areas with
relatively low (high) soil erosion rates received relatively large
(small) funding.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
35. An ex post evaluation of the conservation
reserve, federal crop insurance, and other government programs:
Program participation and soil erosion.
Goodwin, B. K. and Smith, V.
H.
Journal of Agricultural and
Resource Economics
28 (2): 201-216. (2003)
NAL Call #:
HD1750.W4; ISSN: 0162-1912
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
36. Impacts of tillage and no-till on
production of maize and soybean on an eroded Illinois silt loam
soil.
Hussain, I.; Olson, K. R.; and
Ebelhar, S. A.
Soil and Tillage
Research 52 (1/2): 37-49.
(1999)
NAL Call #:
S590.S48; ISSN: 0167-1987
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
37. Integrated dryland crop and livestock
production systems on the Great Plains: Extent and
outlook.
Krall, J. M. and Schuman, G.
E.
Journal of Production
Agriculture 9 (2):
187-191. (Apr. 1996-June 1996)
NAL Call #:
S539.5.J68; ISSN: 0890-8524 [JPRAEN].
Notes: Paper presented at the symposium "Cropping
Systems of the Great Plains" held during the ASA-CSSA-SSSA annual
meetings 1994, Seattle.
Includes references.
Descriptors:
dry farming/ sustainability/
farming systems/ integrated systems/ livestock farming/ crop
production/ land use/ censuses/ trends/ environmental impact/ soil
organic matter/ farm management/ soil fertility/ great plains
states of USA
Abstract: Soil organic carbon levels have declined
24 to 60% on many Great Plains soils since initial cultivation.
Integrated crop and livestock systems could help reverse this
trend, therefore we examined the extent of use, the factors
affecting use, and the potential for this system. The 1992 U.S.
Department of Commerce data indicate that land in integrated
systems is limited to less than 10% of the agricultural land.
However, expiration of the USDA Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
has created interest in integrated systems. Economists report that
after CRP contracts expire, perennial forages and livestock systems
may be the most profitable; however, a survey of growers indicates
that 63% of all CRP acres will go back to crop production. Recent
research in Wyoming shows that returning CRP land to production
using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow practices quickly
degrades soil quality. A doubling of grazing fees would mean an 18%
reduction in demand for public land, which could mean more options
for CRP acreage after contract expiration. Exemplified successful
systems are the Australia wheat-sheep (Ovis aries L.) system,
perennial legume-wheat rotation in southern Alberta, grass
community establishment on marginal Wyoming cropland, and an
alternative (organic) farming system in South Dakota. Benefits
include the opportunity for soil quality improvement, economic
diversity, and pest control. However, tradition, lack of managerial
experience, and necessary alteration in farm-ranch infrastructure
may slow adoption. Generally, dryland integrated systems are
agriclimatic zone specific, and represent a potential ecologically
and economically sustainable form of agriculture. Scientists and
producers have to identify and develop appropriate integrated
systems that fit the natural resource base.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
38. Land use biodiversity index as a soil
quality indicator.
Bloodworth H; Sobecki T; and
Santen E van.
In: Making conservation tillage
conventional: Building a future on 25 years of research --
Proceedings of 25th Annual Southern Conservation Tillage Conference
for Sustainable Agriculture. (Held 24 Jun 2002-26 Jun 2002 at Auburn,
AL.); pp. 219-221; 2002.
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
39. Land-use management using a soil survey
geographic database for Finney County, Kansas.
Wu, J.; Ransom, M. D.;
Kluitenberg, G. J.;
Nellis, M. D.; and Seyler, H.
L.
Soil Science Society of
America Journal 65
(1): 169-177. (2001)
NAL Call #:
56.9-So3; ISSN: 0361-5995 [SSSJD4]
Descriptors:
land use / geographical information
systems/ databases/ soil surveys/ land management/ land use
planning/ aquifers/ thickness/ land banks/ remote sensing/
satellite imagery/ fallow/ grasslands/ physiographic features/ soil
organic matter/ soil texture/ surface layers / ground cover/
agricultural land/ crop production/ triticum aestivum/ sorghum
bicolor/ zea mays/ medicago sativa/ horizons/ irrigated farming/
maps/ Kansas/ Conservation Reserve Program/ land cover/ land
use/
land cover maps
Abstract: The determination of best management
practices for land resources is often complicated by the lack of a
means for evaluation and lack of quality data. Soil surveys are an
important source of data that can be used to improve farm and ranch
planning and environmental protection. In this study, we examined
the use of a soil survey geographic (SSURGO) database within a
geographic information system (GIS) coupled with remote sensing
data for land-use management in Finney County, Kansas. The
objectives were (i) to identify land-use change; (ii) to evaluate
the influence of soil, groundwater, and physiography on land use;
and (iii) to assess land-use potential and present management
alternatives. Land-use/land-cover (LULC) maps for 1987, 1989, and
1992 were derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper data. These LULC
layers were manipulated with layers: organic matter content,
thickness, and texture of the surface soil horizon; land capability
class; aquifer thickness (AT); and physiography. The acreage of
fallow land decreased and the acreage of grassland increased from
1987 to 1992 because of an increase in the acreage of land used in
the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Broad cropping patterns
(irrigated vs. nonirrigated) did not change significantly between
1987 and 1992 and were related to AT. Some currently cropped areas
had high erosion potential, whereas some grasslands had relatively
low erosion hazards. These grasslands could be used as alternatives
for cropping. The study demonstrates the potential of using SSURGO
within a GIS coupled with remote sensing information in planning
and management for natural resources.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
40. Legume, grass, and Conservation Reserve
Program effects on soil organic matter recovery.
Robles, M. D. and Burke, I.
C.
Ecological
Applications 7 (2): 345-357.
(1997)
NAL Call #:
QH540.E23; ISSN: 1051-0761
Descriptors:
United States, Wyoming/ legumes/
grasses/ soil conservation/ organic matter/ Reclamation
Abstract: Active pools of soil organic matter (SOM)
can recover to native levels on formerly cultivated fields that are
abandoned for approximately 50 yr, but the short-term (<10 yr)
recovery dynamics of SOM and nutrient supply have not been widely
investigated. In several fields on a farm in southeastern Wyoming
that had been involved in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP, a
federal program that pays landowners to convert cultivated land
into revegetated grasslands), we compared C and N in several SOM
pools (coarse particulate organic matter [POM, between 500 mu m and
2 mm], fine POM [53-500 mu m], and total SOM), and we compared
potential C and N mineralization in active pools responsible for
nutrient supply. The two CRP treatments, planted 6 yr prior to this
study, were an approximately 80% legume:20% grass mixture (HL CRP)
and a 20% legume:80% grass mixture (LL CRP). To quantify SOM
accumulations directly due to increased plant inputs within CRP
fields, we also compared SOM pools under legumes and grasses
relative to plant interspaces, where we expected plant inputs to be
minimal. The net impacts of increased plant inputs and the
cessation of tillage generally increased pools of mineralizable and
coarse-POM C and N by factors of two to four relative to
wheat-fallow fields (alternate years in winter wheat and in
fallow), but had negligible effects on total SOM. Recovery of
microsite (approximately 10-cm scale) soil heterogeneity, an
important structural attribute of native arid and semiarid
ecosystems, was accelerated under legumes, which produced more
labile tissue than grasses. Soils under legumes contained larger
pools of coarse-POM C and N and exhibited higher net N
mineralization rates than soil under grasses or in plant
interspaces. Grasses grown in HL CRP soils, which had the highest
rates of potential net N mineralization, produced more labile
tissue than the same grasses grown in the more nutrient-depleted LL
CRP fields, suggesting that plant/soil feedbacks were important.
Therefore, recovery of labile soil and plant N was enhanced when
the proportion of legumes was high, and this may lead to improved
grain or animal N nutrition if these CRP fields are subsequently
cropped or grazed.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
41. Management considerations for returning
CRP lands to crop production.
Lindstrom, M. J.; Schumacher, T.
E.; and Blecha, M. L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 49
(5): 420-425. (1994)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
soil conservation/ agriculture/
erosion control/ government supports/ cropland/ soil management/
crop production/ government programs / crops/ Watershed protection/
Environmental action
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
was initiated in 1985 under the Food Security Act with the
intention of converting up to 18 million hectares (45 million
acres) of highly erodible land (HEL) to permanent cover. Twelve
sign-up periods has resulted in 377,000 contracts nationally. Eight
percent of the cropland in the U.S. is enrolled in CRP. By 1993,
14.8 million hectares (36.5 million acres) of highly erodible or
environmentally sensitive land were enrolled in CRP. The first
contracts will begin to expire in 1995. By 1997, 8.9 million
hectares (22 million acres) will be released from their CRP
contracts. Fifty-five percent of CRP acres (8.1 million hectares or
20 million acres) are located in the 10 Great Plains States.
Average erosion reduction is estimated to be 42.6 Mg ha
super(-1)/yr (19 t/ac) for land enrolled in CRP. As the year 1995
nears and CRP lands become eligible for release, landowners will be
faced with many options, including leaving the lands in grass for
hay or livestock production, or establishing some type of wildlife
or recreation practices. However, recent surveys show that many
acres will be cropped if CRP contracts are not renewed. As global
concern about soil degradation increases, landowners will be
directed toward maintaining the environmental benefits of
CRP,
even on land returning to crop
production.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
42. Microbial diversity along a transect of
agronomics zones.
Ibekwe, A. M.; Kennedy, A. C.;
Frohne, P. S.; Papiernik, S. K.; Yang, C. H.; and Crowley, D.
E.
FEMS Microbiology
Ecology 39 (3):
183-191. (Mar. 2002)
NAL Call #:
QR100.F45; ISSN: 0168-6496 [FMECEZ]
Descriptors:
soil management/ soil flora/ soil
bacteria/ community ecology/ precipitation/ Washington/ ammonia
oxidizing bacteria/ soil quality
Abstract: The diversity of microbial communities
constitutes a critical component of good soil-management practices.
To characterize the effects of different management practices,
molecular indicators such as phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA),
denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and composition of
ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were used to analyze bacterial community
structure and diversity from four eastern Washington State soils.
Samples from four sites were collected representing a transect of
high-precipitation to low-precipitation areas that covered
different agronomic zones with different management and cropping
practices. Biomass amounts estimated from extractable PLFA were
significantly higher in the no-till (NT) soil than in the
conventional-till (CT) soil. Similarities among the different 16S
rDNA DGGE band profiles were analyzed quantitatively using
correspondence analysis and this confirmed that the CT soil was the
most dissimilar soil. DGGE analysis of 16S rDNA ammonia-oxidizing
bacteria from the four soils revealed two identical bands,
indicating little effect of agronomic practices and precipitation
on these species. A second set of primers, specific for amoA
(ammonia monooxygenase) genes, was used to examine ammonia
oxidizers in the samples. Six banding patterns (clusters) from
amplified rDNA restriction analysis of 16S rDNA fragments were
observed after restriction analysis with HinfI. Sequencing of these
clones revealed the presence of only Nitrosospira-like sequences.
Analysis of the sequences showed that ammonia oxidizers from the NT
soil were more diverse compared to those from the CT and
Conservation Reserve Program soils. Our data showed that management
and agronomic practices had more impact on bacterial community
structure than annual precipitation.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
43. A note on the use of conservation
practices in U.S. agriculture.
Boyd, R. and Uri, N. D.
Environmental Monitoring
and Assessment 72 (2):
141-178. (Nov. 2001)
NAL Call #:
TD194-.E5; ISSN: 0167-6369 [EMASDH]
Descriptors:
agriculture/ conservation tillage/
conservation/ agricultural production/ productivity/ carbon/ soil
organic matter/ federal programs/ economic sectors/ mathematical
models/ United States/ carbon sequestration/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ conservation buffer strips/ dynamic computable general
equilibrium models
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
44. On-site and off-site impacts of soil
erosion: Their implications for soil conservation
policy.
Segarra, E.; Ervin, R. T.; Dicks,
M. R.; and Taylor, D. B.
Resources, Conservation and
Recycling 5 (1): 1-19.
(1991); ISSN:
0921-3449
Descriptors:
erosion/ conservation/ federal
policies/ environmental management/ soils/ Land pollution/
Landslides and erosion/ Environment
Abstract: Using dynamic optimization modeling,
impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and the
Conservation Compliance Provision (CC) contained in the
Conservation Title of the 1985 US Food Security Act was evaluated
for a representative farm in South-Central Virginia. Results
provide insights on the optimal course of action with respect to
what, how, and when to produce agricultural commodities, such that
maximization of net present value of returns is achieved when
considering the alternatives of enrolling in CRP, meeting CC
requirements, or neither.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
45. Post-contract land use effects on soil
carbon and nitrogen in conservation reserve grasslands.
Dao, T. H.; Stiegler, J. H.;
Banks, J. C.; Boerngen, L. B.; and Adams, B.
Agronomy Journal
94 (1): 146-152.
(Jan. 2002-Feb. 2002)
NAL Call #:
4-AM34P; ISSN: 0002-1962 [AGJOAT]
Descriptors:
bothriochloa ischaemum/ triticum
aestivum/ land use/ soil fertility/ nitrogen/ soil organic matter/
grasslands/ nature reserves/ nature conservation/ erosion/
cultivation/ semiarid zones/ tillage/ conservation tillage/
no-tillage/ mineralization/ land banks/ Oklahoma
Abstract: Carbon and N changes in highly erodible
croplands (HELs) under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and
the effects of reverting to cultivation in semiarid regions are not
well understood. The effects of four transitional production
systems [Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum
L.)-unfertilized (OWBUF), Old World bluestem-fertilized (OWBF),
conservation-tillage (CT), and no-till (NT) wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.)] on soil C and N were determined in two CRP fields in
western Oklahoma. Soil potentially mineralizable C (PMC) and N
(PMN) were determined in cores collected before and after the
reinitiation of cultivation in 1994 and in 1997. Compared with
soils of the same series from adjoining cultivated fields, Old
World bluestem (OWB) cover increased soil PMC, primarily in the 0-
to 0.1-m depth of Dalhart (Aridic Haplustalfs) and La
Casa-Aspermont (Typic Paleustolls) soils before 1994. Negative PMN
required a high level of fertility management to improve stand
productivity. Shift from OWB to wheat increased soil PMC and PMN in
the short-term. No-till and CT treatments had PMC averaging 8.9 and
9.6 g m(-3) d(-1) or 23 to 32% higher than those from OWB
treatments in the 0- to 0.3-m depth of Dalhart soil. Soil PMC of
the CT treatment averaged 7.2 g m(-3) d(-1) or 73% higher than that
of the La Casa-Aspermont under OWB. The trend of higher
mineralizable C and N suggested that post-CRP conservation
practices, in particular NT, contributed to HEL restoration by also
controlling the upward movement and loss of CO3-C, maintaining
these lands as C sinks in semiarid regions.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
46. Properties and productivity of recently
tilled grass sod and 70-year cultivated soil.
Zobeck, T. M.; Rolong, N. A.;
Fryrear, D. W.; Bilbro, J. D.; and Allen, B. L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 50
(2): 210-215. (1995)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
cultivated lands/ soil erosion/
productivity/ grasslands/ trees/ soil physical properties/
cropland/ erosion control/ Conservation Reserve Program/ Watershed
protection
Abstract: The 1985 Food Security Act established
the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) whereby highly erodible land
was placed into sod or trees for 10 years. Detailed information on
the effects of grass sod on soil properties and productivity is
needed in order to fully understand the impact of returning the
retired land to production. In this study, land that had been in
grass sod for about 30 years was converted to cotton and sorghum
production in 1985. Yields were measured from 1985 through 1991 on
that land and land that was continuously cultivated for 70 years.
Selected soil properties were also measured after the study. Silt
content, organic matter, and wet soil stability were higher in the
surface soil of the grass sod than in the cultivated fields. Clod
density was lower in the grass sod than in the cultivated fields.
Sorghum biomass was higher in the recently converted field but
yield differences between the converted and continuously cultivated
field were not observed after fertilization. Cotton lint yields did
not increase on the recently converted grassland. These results
suggest economists must consider the crop grown when estimating
yields of crops grown on land previously in the CRP. Crops may
differ in yield and how they respond to management after
conversion.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
47. Restoration of microbial residues in soils
of the Conservation Reserve Program.
Amelung, W.; Kimble, J. M.; Samson
Liebig, S.; and Follett, R. F.
Soil Science Society of
America Journal 65
(6): 1704-1709. (2001)
NAL Call #:
56.9-So3; ISSN: 0361-5995 [SSSJD4]
Descriptors:
land banks/ arable soils/ grassland
soils/ agricultural land/ soil flora/ biomass/ nitrogen content/
carbon/ amino sugars/ chemical composition/ carbon nitrogen ratio/
soil organic matter/ soil conservation/ great plains states of USA/
western states of USA/ Minnesota
Abstract: To elucidate the role of microorganisms
for C and N sequestration in arable soils converted to grassland
(sites of the Conservation Reserve Program; CRP), we determined
amino sugars as indicators for microbial residues in surface
samples (0-5 cm) obtained from each of 10 adjacent native
grassland, CRP, and cropland sites across the U.S. Great Plains.
The CRP sites were 6 to 10 yr and the cropland sites were >80 yr
old. Compared with native grasslands, the CRP sites had lost
between 17 and 50% and the cropland sites between 32 and 94% of
their surface soil organic matter (SOM). The C/N ratio was not
significantly different among the three land-use systems,
indicating that C and N losses occurred at similar intensity. The
mean amino sugar concentrations decreased in the order native
grassland (70 g kg(-1) C; 750 g kg(-1) N) > CRP (53 g kg(-1) C;
570 g kg(-1) N) > cropland (47 g kg(-1) C; 450 g kg(-1) N). This
decrease in the element-normalized concentrations of amino sugars
indicated that they responded faster to management than other C or
N containing compounds. The response of individual amino sugars
related to soil compaction and the temperature regime. We suggest
that the resequestration of C and N into the residues of bacteria
and fungi requires several years, but as it depends on land use it
could be manipulated using, for example, soil decompacting
techniques to improve CRP efficiency.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
48. Soil C and N changes on Conservation
Reserve Program lands in the central Great Plains.
Reeder, J D; Schuman, G E; and
Bowman, R A
Soil and Tillage
Research 47 (3-4): 339-349.
(1998)
NAL Call #:
S590.S48; ISSN: 0167-1987
Descriptors:
carbon/ soil storage/ nitrogen/
soil change/ Conservation Reserve Program lands/ crop management/
fallow/ soil technology/ crop (Angiospermae)/ wheat (Gramineae)/
Monocots/ Plants/ Spermatophytes/ Vascular Plants
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
was initiated to reduce water and wind erosion on marginal, highly
erodible croplands by removing them from production and planting
permanent, soil-conserving vegetation such as grass. We conducted a
field study at two sites in Wyoming, USA, in order to quantify
changes in soil C and N of marginal croplands seeded to grass, and
of native rangeland plowed and cropped to wheat-fallow. Field plots
were established on a sandy loam site and a clay loam site on
wheat-fallow cropland that had been in production for 60+ years and
on adjacent native rangeland. In 1993, 6 years after the study was
initiated, the surface soil was sampled in 2.5 cm depth increments,
while the subsurface soil was composited as one depth increment.
All soil samples were analyzed for total organic C and N, and
potential net mineralized C and N. After 60+ years of cultivation,
surface soils at both study sites were 18-26% lower (by mass) in
total organic C and N than in the A horizons of adjacent native
range. Six years after plowing and converting native rangeland to
cropland (three wheat-fallow cycles), both total and potential net
mineralized C and N in the surface soil had decreased and NO3-N at
all depths had increased to levels found after 60+ years of
cultivation. We estimate that mixing of the surface and subsurface
soil with tillage accounted for 40-60% of the decrease in surface
soil C and N in long-term cultivated fields; in the short-term
cultivated fields, mixing with tillage may have accounted for
60-75% of the decrease in C, and 30-60% of the decrease in N. These
results emphasize the need to evaluate C and N in the entire soil
solum, rather than in just the surface soil, if actual losses of C
and N due to cultivation are to be distinguished from vertical
redistribution. Five years after reestablishing grass on the sandy
loam soil, both total and potential net mineralized C and N in the
surface soil had increased to levels equal to or greater than those
observed in the A horizon of the native range. On the clay loam
soil, however, significant increases in total organic C were
observed only in the surface 2.5 cm of N-fertilized grass plots,
while total organic N had not significantly increased from levels
observed in the long-term cultivated fields.
© Thomson
49. Soil erosion potential of former
Conservation Reserve Program sites.
Gilley, J. E. and Doran, J.
W.
Transactions of the
ASAE 41 (1):
97-103. (Jan. 1998-Feb. 1998)
NAL Call #:
290.9-Am32T; ISSN: 0001-2351 [TAAEAJ]
Descriptors:
erodibility/ water erosion/
estimation/ simulation models/ computer simulation/ conservation
areas/ soil conservation/ federal programs/ land use/ universal
soil loss equation/ Mississippi/ Nebraska/ South Dakota/ water
erosion prediction project (WEPP)/ revised universal soil loss
equation (RUSLE)
Abstract: Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) areas
that are returned to crop production will initially be much less
erodible than fields which were farmed using conventional
practices. In this study, a rainfall simulator was used to measure
runoff and erosion from former CRP areas in Mississippi, Nebraska
and South Dakota over approximately a two year period. Soil loss
rates measured immediately following tillage on each of the three
sites were similar to values obtained on the undisturbed CRP
treatments. However, when left in a fallow condition, the
erosion-reducing effectiveness of the sod appeared to have lasted
less than one year. The rapid increase in soil erodibility
following tillage was attributed to a reduction in surface cover
and organic material. The WEPP and RUSLE models are currently used
extensively in conservation planning and assessment. The
experimental data collected in this study were used to derive
selected parameter values for use in these models.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
50. Soil hydraulic properties of cropland
compared with reestablished and native grassland.
Schwartz, R. C.; Evett, S. R.; and
Unger, P. W.
Geoderma 116 (1-2): 47-60. (2003)
NAL Call #:
S590.G4; ISSN: 0016-7061.
Notes: Number of References: 32
Descriptors:
Agriculture/ Agronomy/ hydraulic
properties/ porosity/ hydraulic conductivity/ soil management/
tillage/ infiltrometers/ unsaturated soils/ tillage/ infiltration/
conductivity/ infiltrometers/ model/ disc
Abstract: Conversion of cropland to perennial
grasses will, over time, produce changes in soil hydraulic
properties. The objective of this study was to characterize and
compare hydraulic properties of fine-textured soils on adjacent
native grassland, recently tilled cropland, and reestablished
grassland in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) at three
locations in the Southern Great Plains. A tension infiltrometer was
used to measure unconfined, unsaturated infiltration over a range
of supply pressure heads (nominally, h = -150, -100, -50, and -5 mm
H2O) at the soil surface. Intact soil cores were sampled within the
Ap and Bt horizons to determine bulk density and water desorption
curves, theta(h), at potentials ranging from -0.15 to -100 kPa.
Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity K(h) over the range in supply
pressure heads was estimated using Wooding's equation for
steady-state flow from a disc source. The van Genuchten water
retention model was fitted to theta(h) data to estimate parameter
values. Soils in CRP had greater surface bulk densities than their
grassland and cropland counterparts. The shape of the soil water
retention curve for grassland and CRP land were similar, suggesting
that converted croplands had fully reconsolidated. Mean
near-saturated hydraulic conductivities of cropland at h = -5 mm
were not significantly different from grassland. However, at -150
mm supply pressure head, cropped soils had a mean unsaturated
conductivity 2.3 and 4.1 times greater than CRP land and grassland,
respectively. Sites in CRP had the lowest (P < 0.05)
near-saturated hydraulic conductivities (h = -5 mm), which suggest
that after 10 years, grasses had not fully ameliorated changes in
pore structure caused by tillage. Comparison of unsaturated
conductivities for grassland and CRP land suggest that long-term
structural development on native grasslands was principally
confined to effective pore radii greater than 300 mum. Land use
practices had a greater effect on water movement than did soil
series, indicating that the modifying effects of tillage,
reconsolidation, and pore structure evolution on hydraulic
properties are important processes governing water movement in
these fine-textured soils. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All
rights reserved.
© Thomson ISI
51. Soil organic matter recovery in semiarid
grasslands: Implications for the Conservation Reserve
Program.
Burke, I. C.; Lauenroth, W. K.;
and Coffin, D. P.
Ecological
Applications 5 (3): 793-801.
(1995)
NAL Call #:
QH540.E23; ISSN: 1051-0761
Descriptors:
grasslands/ soil/ organic matter/
cultivation/ regeneration/ United States, Colorado/ Conservation/
Reclamation
Abstract: Although the effects of cultivation on
soil organic matter and nutrient supply capacity are well
understood, relatively little work has been done on the long-term
recovery of soils from cultivation. We sampled soils from 12
locations within the Pawnee National Grasslands of northeastern
Colorado, each having native fields and fields that were
historically cultivated but abandoned 50 yr ago. We also sampled
fields that had been cultivated for at least 50 yr at 5 of these
locations. Our results demonstrated that soil organic matter, silt
content, microbial biomass, potentially mineralizable N, and
potentially respirable C were significantly lower on cultivated
fields than on native fields. Both cultivated and abandoned fields
also had significantly lower soil organic matter and silt contents
than native fields. Abandoned fields, however, were not
significantly different from native fields with respect to
microbial biomass, potentially mineralizable N, or respirable C. In
addition, we found that the characteristic small-scale
heterogeneity of the shortgrass steppe associated with individuals
of the dominant plant, Bouteloua gracilis, had recovered on
abandoned fields. Soil beneath plant canopies had an average of 200
g/m super(2) more C than between-plant locations. We suggest that
50 yr is an adequate time for recovery of active soil organic
matter and nutrient availability, but recovery of total soil
organic matter pools is a much slower process. Plant population
dynamics may play an important role in the recovery of shortgrass
steppe ecosystems from disturbance, such that establishment of
perennial grasses determines the rate of organic matter
recovery.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
52. Soil organic matter recovery on
Conservation Reserve Program fields in southwestern
Wyoming.
Robles, M. D. and Burke, I.
C.
Soil Science Society of
America Journal 62
(3): 725-730. (1998)
NAL Call #:
56.9-So3; ISSN: 0361-5995 [SSSJD4]
Descriptors:
land management/ land use/ land
diversion/ semiarid soils/ grassland soils/ wheat soils/ soil
organic matter/ carbon/ nitrogen/ mineralization/ soil fertility/
Wyoming/ soil carbon pools/ mineralizable carbon/ mineralizable
nitrogen/
soil nitrogen pools
Abstract: Soil C and N changes following cessation
of cultivation in semiarid soils is not well understood. We
hypothesized that returning cultivated fields in southeastern
Wyoming to perennial grasses through the Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) would (i) increase labile pools of soil organic
matter (SOM), and (ii) increase small-scale heterogeneity of SOM.
Carbon and N in labile and passive pools of SOM were measured in
CRP fields seeded with perennial grasses intermediate wheatgrass
(Elytrigia intermedia [Host] Nevski ssp. intermedia), pubescent
wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia [Schur.] A. Love ssp. barbulata)
and smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leysser), and in winter wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow fields. Mineralizable C increased
from 0.37 g m-2 d-1 in wheat-fallow fields to 0.99 g m-2 d-1 in CRP
fields; mineralizable N and coarse particulate C were consistently
but not significantly higher in CRP fields. Fine particulate and
total soil C and N were not significantly different between CRP and
wheat-fallow. Within CRP fields, mineralizable C was significantly
higher under grasses than in interspaces (1.96 vs. 0.73 g m-2 d-1,
respectively), and mineralizable N and coarse particulate C and N
were consistently but not significantly higher under grasses than
in interspaces. Soil C and N have increased only slightly after 6
yr of CRP management, and future changes in land use management on
these CRP fields, including grazing and cropping, may accrue some
small benefits associated with improved soil fertility
status.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
53. Soil property changes during conversion
from perennial vegetation to annual cropping.
Wienhold, B. J. and Tanaka, D.
L.
Soil Science Society of
America Journal 65
(6): 1795-1803. (2001)
NAL Call #:
56.9-So3; ISSN: 0361-5995 [SSSJD4]
Descriptors:
crop production/ hay/ medicago
sativa/ agropyron/ triticum aestivum/ pisum sativum/ rotations/
tillage/ no-tillage/ perennials/ bulk density/ soil water/ soil
organic matter/ soil chemistry/ soil fertility/ biomass/ carbon/
mineralization/ North Dakota/ return-to-crop production/ haying/
Conservation Reserve Program
Abstract: Management practices for conversion of
land supporting perennial vegetation to crop production are needed.
Effect of haying (hayed or not hayed), cropping (annual crop with
no-tillage, minimum tillage, or conventional tillage, and no-tilled
perennial crop), and N fertilization (0 or 67 kg ha(-1)) on soil
properties were measured in 1995 and 1997 at a Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) site in North Dakota having an Amor loam (Fine-loamy,
mixed, superactive, frigid, Typic Haplustoll) soil in a spring
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), winter wheat, pea (Pisum sativum L.)
rotation. Soil physical properties were not affected negatively by
the management practices used. Haying and tillage practices
influenced soil chemical properties. Organic C and total N content
declined (1.2 Mg ha(-1) for C and 0.1 Mg ha(-1) for N) from 1995 to
1997. In hayed plots, organic C and total N increased as tillage
intensity decreased while in non-hayed plots no pattern was
observed. Haying and tillage influenced soil biological properties.
Potentially mineralizable N at 0 to 0.05 m increased as tillage
intensity decreased in 1997. In the 0.05- to 0.15-m depth,
potentially mineralizable N increased from 1995 (118 kg ha(-1)) to
1997 (146 kg ha(-1)). By 1997, soil properties in hayed plots
responded to cropping practices similarly to those in established
cropping systems in this region. In non-hayed plots, management
induced patterns had not developed by 1997. Haying, conservation
tillage, and annual cropping are viable approaches for converting
land to annual crop production.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
54. Soil quality changes in eastern Washington
with Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) take-out.
Gewin VL; Kennedy AC; Veseth R;
and Miller BC
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 54
(1): 432-438; 30 ref. (1999)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
55. A soil quality framework for evaluating
the impact of CRP.
Karlen, D. L.; Gardner, J. C.; and
Rosek, M. J.
Journal of Production
Agriculture 11 (1):
56-60. (Jan. 1998-Mar. 1998)
NAL Call #:
S539.5.J68; ISSN: 0890-8524 [JPRAEN]
Descriptors:
soil organic matter/ soil
fertility/ soil structure/ soil biology/ sustainability/
monitoring/ respiration/ no-tillage/ tillage/ biomass/ government
policy/ land banks/ United States/ Conservation Reserve
Program
Abstract: The book entitled "Soil and Water
Quality: An Agenda for Agriculture" by the U.S. National Academy of
Sciences caused people to ask whether soil quality assessments
could be used to evaluate the impact of public policies such as the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). However, differences in scale,
perception of soil quality, and the inability to directly measure
soil quality led to significant uncertainty among several potential
users. A major challenge was determining how to evaluate and
combine information from different indicators to make an overall
soil quality assessment that is meaningful. Our objectives are to
present a structured approach for interpreting soil quality
indicator data and to introduce a conceptual frame-work that can be
used to link the various scales of evaluation, including those
needed for assessing effectiveness of public policies such as the
CRP. The framework and its use are discussed and demonstrated using
soil quality indicator data from published and unpublished studies.
On-farm measurements suggest that biological indicators such as
microbial biomass and respiration were affected most quickly and to
the greatest extent when cultivated land was converted to
grassland. Applying the conceptual framework to this data suggests
that enrolling fragile lands into CRP had a positive soil quality
effect. It also indicates that using no-till practices to return
CRP land to row-crop production will preserve soil quality benefits
of the CRP, but tilling to prepare a seedbed will destroy the
benefits almost immediately.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
56. Soil quality of two Kansas soils as
influenced by the Conservation Reserve Program.
Huang, X.; Skidmore, E. L.; and
Tibke, G. L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 57
(6): 344-350. (Nov. 2002-Dec.
2002)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
United States, Kansas/ Soil
Conservation/ Land Management/ Cultivated Lands/ Best Management
Practices/ Indicators/ Soil Properties/ Carbon/
Agriculture/
Techniques of planning
Abstract: Achieving and maintaining a good soil
quality is essential for sustaining agricultural production in an
economically viable and environmentally safe manner. The transition
of land management provides an opportunity to measure soil-quality
indicators to quantify the effects of those management practices.
This study compared soil chemical and physical properties after 10
years of grass on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land with
those in continuously cropped land (CCL). The sample sites, located
in central Kansas, have two mapping units, Harney silt loam (fine,
montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Arigiustolls) and Naron fine sandy
loam (fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Udic Argiustolls). Soil samples
were collected at two depth increments, 0 to 5 cm and 5 to 10 cm.
Soil-quality indicators measured were soil acidity (pH),
exchangeable cations, nutrients, total carbon, structure, and
aggregation. Soil pH was significantly lower in CCL than in CRP.
Soil total C and N in the surface layer (0 to 5 cm) was much
greater than in the deeper layer (5 to 10 cm) in the CRP site. The
mass of total carbon of Naron soil was significantly higher for 0
to 5 cm and lower for 5 to 10 cm depth in CRP land than in CCL.
However, the mass of total carbon of Harney soil was significantly
higher in no-tilled CCL than in CRP. Bulk density significantly
increased in CCL. Based on dry and wet aggregate stability
analysis, the results indicated that CRP land had a greater
resistance to erosion by both water and wind than CCL. The
improvements in soil quality resulting from CRP included reducing
soil acidification, alleviating compaction, and reducing topsoil
susceptibility to erosion. However, when CRP was taken out for crop
production with conventional tillage, total carbon in the surface
layer (0 to 5 cm) and aggregate stability gradually decreased. This
suggested that appropriate land management practices are needed to
extend residual benefit from CRP on soil quality.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
57. Tillage and fallow effects on selected
soil quality characteristics of former Conservation Reserve Program
sites.
Gilley, J. E.; Doran, J. W.; and
Eghball, B.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 56
(2): 126-132. (2001)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
58. Tillage effects on soil erosion potential
and soil quality of a former Conservation Reserve Program
site.
Gilley, J. E. and Doran, J.
W.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 52
(3): 184-188. (June 1997)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
USA/ Mississippi/ tillage/ soil
erosion/ land management/ soil conservation/ simulated rainfall/
fallowing/ degradation/ soil properties / nutrients/ runoff/
Conservation Reserve Program/ soil quality/ Erosion and
sedimentation
Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the
effects of tillage on soil erosion potential and soil quality
characteristics of a former Conservation Research Program (CRP)
site. Following tillage, the study area in Northern Mississippi was
maintained in a fallow condition for nine months. Soil loss from
simulated rainfall events was minimal on recently tilled plots and
an adjoining, undisturbed CRP area. In contrast, soil loss from the
former CRP site which had been tilled nine months previously was
similar to values obtained before the CRP program when the area had
been cropped for several years. Tillage and over-winter fallowing
caused a degradation in soil quality resulting from the
decomposition of biological nutrient reserves. The conservation and
soil quality benefits derived from the CRP may rapidly decline once
an area is tilled and then left fallow during the non-cropped
period.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
59. Accomplishments of the USDA hydrologic
unit area projects.
Ebodaghe, Denis Abumere
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of
Agriculture, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service;
Extension Service; Soil Conservation Service;
128 p.: maps. (1993)
Notes: Cover title. "Compiled by Denis
Ebodaghe"--Foreword. "June 1993."
Alternate pages are
numbered.
NAL Call #: aTD223.A26--1993
Descriptors:
Water quality management---United
States/ Nonpoint source pollution---United States/ Agricultural
pollution---United States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
60. Achieving restoration success: Myths in
bottomland hardwood forests.
Stanturf JA; Schoenholtz SH;
Schweitzer CJ; and Shepard JP
2nd International Congress
on Restoration Ecology
9 (2): 189-200; 62 ref.
(2001)
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
61. Benefit-cost analysis of best management
practices implemented to control nitrate contamination of
groundwater.
Yadav, S. N. and Wall, D.
B.
Water Resources
34 (3): 497-504. (Mar.
1998)
NAL Call #:
292.8 W295; ISSN: 0043-1397 [WRERAQ]
Descriptors:
nitrates / nitrate nitrogen/
groundwater pollution/ pollution control/ water quality/ cost
benefit analysis/ control programs/ Minnesota/ Garvin Brook Rural
Clean Water Program
Abstract: Implementing best management practices
(BMPs) can reduce nitrate concentration in groundwater, but does it
pay to invest in programs that reduce nitrate by encouraging
increased adoption of BMPs? In this paper we evaluate water quality
improvement by benefit-cost analysis of adopting BMPs under such a
program. The analysis shows that under current levels of
contamination, costs of the program to foster BMP implementation
will be equal to annually accrued benefits over a period of 6
years. However, under the worsening scenarios of increased
nitrate-N concentrations, the same costs will be equal to the
benefits in a 4- to 5-year period. If water quality improves to
acceptable levels through adoption of BMPs, the results reveal that
in the long run, investing in a BMP program will be more cost
effective to reduce contamination than to seek alternative sources
of safe drinking water supplies.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
62. Beyond Swampbuster: A permanent wetland
reserve.
Heimlich, Ralph E; Carey, Marc B;
and Brazee, Richard J
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation
44: 445-450. (1989)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
Wetland conservation---United
States
© The H. W. Wilson
Company
63. Biological responses to wetland
restoration: Implications for wildlife habitat development through
the Wetlands Reserve Program.
Rewa, C.
In: A comprehensive review of Farm
Bill contributions wildlife conservation, 1985-2000/ Heard, L. P;
Hohman, W. L.; Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management
Institute (U.S.); Series: Technical Report
USDA/NRCS/WHMI.
Madison, MS: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, 2000; pp. 95-116
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
Wetland Reserve Program/ wetlands/
riparian areas/ wildlife habitats/ California/
Mississippi
64. Buffered wetlands in agricultural
landscapes in the Prairie Pothole Region: Environmental, agronomic,
and economic evaluations.
Rickerl, D. H.; Janssen, L. L.;
and Woodland, R.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 55
(2): 220-225. (2000)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822
This citation is provided courtesy of CAB International/CABI
Publishing.
65. Calibrating Benefit Function Transfer to
Assess the Conservation Reserve Program.
Feather, P. and Hellerstein,
D.
American Journal of
Agricultural Economics
79: 151-162. (1997)
NAL Call #:
280.8 J822
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
National conservation programs/ State conservation programs/
Indiana/ Nebraska/ Pennsylvania/ Washington
Abstract: A benefit transfer function was
calibrated to corrected for bias and used to estimate the
water-based recreation benefits of CRP.
66. Changes in groundwater quality in a
conduit-flow-dominated karst aquifer, following BMP
implementation.
Currens, J. C.
Environmental
Geology 42 (5): 525-531.
(2002)
NAL Call #:
QE1.E5; ISSN: 1073-9106 [ENGOE9]
Descriptors:
aquifers / watersheds/ water
quality/ agriculture/ pesticides/ pollution/ USDA/ governmental
programs and projects/ Kentucky/ best management practices/
nonpoint source pollution/ Water Quality Incentives Program
(WQIP)
Abstract: Water quality in the Pleasant Grove
Spring karst groundwater basin, Logan County, Kentucky, was
monitored to determine the effectiveness of best management
practices (BMPs) in protecting karst aquifers. Ninety-two percent
of the 4,069-ha (10,054-acre) watershed is used for agriculture.
Water-quality monitoring began in October 1992 and ended in
November 1998. By the fall of 1995 approximately 72% of the
watershed was enrolled in BMPs sponsored by the US Department of
Agriculture Water Quality Incentive Program (WQIP). Pre-BMP
nitrate-nitrogen concentration averaged 4.65 mg/l. The median total
suspended solids concentration was 127 mg/l. The median triazine
concentration measured by immunosorbent assay was 1.44 microgram/l.
Median bacteria counts were 418 colonies per 100 ml (col/100 ml)
for fecal coliform and 540 col/100 ml for fecal streptococci.
Post-BMP, the average nitrate-nitrogen concentration was 4.74 mg/l.
The median total suspended solids concentration was 47.8 mg/l. The
median triazine concentration for the post-BMP period was 1.48
microgram/l. The median fecal coliform count increased to 432
col/100 ml after BMP implementation, but the median fecal
streptococci count decreased to 441 col/100 ml. The pre- and
post-BMP water quality was statistically evaluated by comparing the
annual mass flux, annual descriptive statistics, and population of
analyses for the two periods. Nitrate-nitrogen concentration was
unchanged. Increases in atrazine-equivalent flux and triazine
geometric averages were not statistically significant. Total
suspended solids concentration decreased slightly, whereas
orthophosphate concentration increased slightly. Fecal streptococci
counts were reduced. The BMPs were only partially successful
because the types available and the rules for participation
resulted in less effective.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
67. Cleaner water in the Chesapeake Bay: Can
CRP help?
Ligon, Polly C.
Blacksburg, Va.: Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993.
Notes: Original title: "Cleaner water in the
Chesapeake Bay: Can CRP help?: A case study of the Conservation
Reserve Program in Richmond County, Virginia 1985-1989." Vita.
Abstract. Report (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
University. M.S. 1993. Bibliography: leaves 114-121.
NAL Call #: ViBlbV
LD5655.V851-1993.L546
Descriptors:
Bays---Virginia---Richmond County/
Chesapeake Bay---Md and Va
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
68. Conservation compliance and wetlands
conservation provisions of the omnibus farm acts of 1985, 1990 and
1996.
Brady, S. J.
In: A comprehensive review of Farm
Bill contributions wildlife conservation, 1985-2000/ Heard, L. P;
Hohman, W. L.; Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management
Institute (U.S.); Series: Technical Report
USDA/NRCS/WHMI.
Madison, MS: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, 2000; pp. 5-17
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
conservation compliance/
Conservation Reserve Program/ Wetland Reserve Program/ Farm Bill/
laws and regulations/ wildlife habitats
69. Conservation in the farm bill.
Rassam, Gus
Fisheries 27 (7): 26. (2002)
NAL Call #:
SH1.F54; ISSN: 0363-2415
Descriptors:
Fisheries management---Political aspects
Abstract: The 2002 Farm Bill has a number of
implications for fisheries conservation. Given the huge impact of
agriculture on water resources, the conservation aspects of the
2002 Farm Bill are of crucial importance to many stakeholders,
including all citizens concerned with the increasing stresses on
aquatic habitats across the nation. Although many aspects of the
bill proved contentious, there was almost unanimous agreement
regarding the importance of conserving the nation's fish, wildlife,
and plant resources and promoting sustainable practices in farming
communities. Some of the specific conservation aspects in the bill
include the Wetland Reserve, Conservation Reserve, Wildlife Habitat
Incentives, Environmental Quality Incentives, Conservation
Security, and Farmland Protection Programs.
© The H. W. Wilson
Company
70. CRP EBI as an Indicator of Riparian
Ecosystem Services.
Kraft, S. E.
In: 57th Annual Conference of the
Soil and Water Conservation Society. (Held 13 Jul 2002-17 Jul 2002 at Indianapolis.
IN (USA).); 2002.
Notes: Conference Sponsor: Soil and Water Conservation
Society (Ankeny, IA); World Meeting Number 000 6096
Descriptors:
Geoscience/ Aquatic
Science
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
71. Detecting changes in water quality in an
agricultural watershed following implementation of best management
practices (BMP's): The LaPlatte River watershed.
Meals, D. W.
In: 6th Annual International
Symposium on Lake and Reservoir Management: Influences of Nonpoint
Source Pollutants and Acid Precipitation. (Held 5 Nov 1986-8 Nov 1986 at Portland, OR.)
North American Lake Management Soc. (eds.); pp. 11;
1986.
Descriptors:
watersheds/ water quality/
environment management/ agricultural runoff/ pollution
control/ runoff/ environmental management/ United States/ Vermont/
LaPlatte River/ Prevention and control/ Freshwater
pollution
Abstract: The LaPlatte River Watershed in
northwestern Vermont is the focus of an intensive land treatment
program to control agricultural runoff and a long-term monitoring
program to evaluate the effectiveness of these treatments on water
quality. Best Management Practices for controlling dairy manure and
cropland erosion have been implemented by the U.S. Dep. of
Agriculture's Soil Conservation Service on 90% of the priority
areas in the watershed. Four simple trend analysis techniques have
been applied to 6 years of data from four subwatersheds: (1) linear
regression against time, (2) comparison of annual means, (3)
analysis of frequency distributions, and (4) paired watershed
regression. Results of these analyses suggest significant decreases
in phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations and loads since the
project began.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
72. Detecting reductions in sediment loads
associated with Ohio's conservation reserve enhancement
program.
Richards, R. P. and Grabow, G.
L.
Journal of the American
Water Resources Association 39 (5): 1261-1268. (2003)
NAL Call #:
GB651.W315; ISSN: 1093-474X.
Notes: Number of References: 22
Descriptors:
Environment/ Ecology/ statistical
analysis/ water quality/ watershed management/ detecting change/
suspended sediment/ water quality/ constituent loads/ rating
curves
Abstract: Small systematic changes in loads or
concentrations of water quality constituents are difficult to
detect against the background of short term fluctuations ("noise")
that result from weather and climate effects. Minimum Detectable
Change Analysis (MDCA) uses prior knowledge of a water quality
constituent to determine how much change must occur (e.g., from
implementation of conservation practices) for the change to be
statistically significant. In this paper we use MDCA to determine
whether the goal of the Ohio Lake Erie Conservation Reserve
Enhancement Program (CREP), to reduce sediment loads by an average
of 6 percent over 10 years, represents a large enough change to be
detected. We conclude that this amount of change is unlikely to be
detected as statistically significant, even with the high frequency
sampling program planned for evaluating it. The minimum detectable
change ranges from about 7 to 9 percent for three different
rivers.
© Thomson ISI
73. The effect of CRP enrollment on sediment
loads in two southern Illinois streams.
Davie, D. K. and Lant, C.
L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 49
(4): 407-412. (1994)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
United States, Illinois, Cache R.
Basin/ soil erosion/ cropland/ sediment load/ streams/ suspended
sediments/ timing/ water quality/ vegetation regrowth/ rivers/ soil
conservation/ erosion control/ river basins/ United States,
Illinois, Cache River/ CRP enrollment/ Watershed protection/
Conservation/ Protective measures and control/ Freshwater
pollution
Abstract: The high annual cost of damages
attributed to sediment justifies the importance of gaining a better
understanding of the relationship between the Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) and stream sediment loads. This relationship was
studied for two watersheds within the Cache River basin of extreme
southern Illinois. CRP enrollments of 15.6% and 26.5% of all
cropland in the Big Creek (80.29 km super(2); 31 mi super(2)) and
Cypress Creek (62.16 km super(2); 24 mi super(2)) watersheds
resulted in estimated decreases in erosion of 24% and 37%,
respectively. Despite this, it was estimated using path analysis (a
two-step regression analysis) that a negligible 0.0125% and 0.265%
decrease in sediment load occurred in these streams in the period
1986-1988. These negative results, however, should be viewed in the
context of temporal and spatial considerations. First, studies of
drainage basin sediment dynamics imply that reductions in suspended
sediment in response to CRP enrollments are likely to be delayed
for a considerable period as in- and near-stream sediments are
remobilized. Second, few of the CRP enrollments were in near-stream
locations where hydrologic theory indicates they would be most
effective in trapping and stabilizing existing near-stream
sediments.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
74. Effects of 1985 Food Security Act and 1990
Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act on the 1993 flooding
on the upper Mississippi and Missouri River basins.
Miller, D. G.; Shirley, C. E.; and
Chenoweth, J. W.
Water International
19 (4): 207-211. (1994);
ISSN: 0250-8060
Descriptors:
legislation/ flooding/ historic
floods/ erosion control/ evaluation/ runoff/ flood damage/
conservation/ United States, Midwest/ soil conservation/
environmental legislation/ soil erosion/ environmental protection/
floods/ government policy/ stormwater runoff/ Watershed protection/
Conservation, wildlife management and
recreation/
Conservation
Abstract: Flooding was unusually sever throughout
the Upper Midwest during the spring and summer of 1993. These
floods resulted in locally great economic damages, but provided an
ideal "field laboratory" for evaluation of national erosion control
programs. This article documents the amount of runoff reduction and
corresponding flood damage reduction resulting from the Food
Security Act (FSA) and the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and
Trade Act (FACTA) to agricultural areas and rural infrastructure.
Specifically, the impact on runoff and flooding of single storms
with 1-, 5; 25-, and 100-year frequency probabilities was
calculated using existing, commonly accepted methods of determining
runoff. This procedure was applied to nine Midwestern states
(Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North
Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin) on a county basis.
Conservation practices studied were those applied through FSA and
FACTA. Results indicate the FSA and FACTA total programs were
consistently more successful in reducing runoff than was the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) alone. Runoff reductions range
from a high of 39 per cent for the one-year storm, to a low of 2
per cent for the 100-year storm for the FSA and FACTA programs.
Runoff reductions for the CRP range from 20 per cent for the
one-year storm to 3 per cent for the 100-year storm. Additionally,
FSA and FACTA programs were shown to be highly successful in
reducing flood damage to agricultural areas and rural
infrastructure. Damage reduction to agricultural areas ranges from
10 per cent to 45 per cent for the FSA and FACTA programs. For CRP,
this reduction ranges from 4 per cent to 25 per cent. Rural
infrastructure damages are estimated to be reduced from 15 per cent
to 56 per cent with the total program, and 7 to 34 per cent by CRP
alone. These conservation programs are effectively reducing runoff
and flood damages.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
75. Effects of agricultural activities and
best management practices on water quality of seasonal prairie
pothole wetlands.
Detenbeck, N. E.; Elonen, C. M.;
Taylor, D. L.; Cotter, A. M.; Puglisi, F. A.; and Sanville, W.
D.
Wetlands Ecology and
Management 10
(4): 335-354. (2002)
NAL Call #:
QH541.5.M3 W472; ISSN: 0923-4861
Descriptors:
Agricultural practices/ Environment
management/ Water quality/ Wetlands/ Prairies/ Ecosystem
management/ Restoration/ Agriculture/ Vegetation cover/ Plant
populations/ Man induced effects/ Water levels/ Physicochemical
properties/ Dissolved oxygen/ Nutrients (mineral)/ Climate/
Hydrology/ Agricultural runoff / Conservation/ Environmental
restoration/ Nutrients/ Vegetation/ Biogeochemistry/ Water
Pollution Sources/ Nonpoint Pollution Sources/ United States/
prairie pothole wetlands/ biogeochemical cycle/ tillage effects/
Environmental degradation/ Ecosystems and energetics/ Conservation,
wildlife management and recreation/ Environmental action/ General
Environmental Engineering/ Sources and
fate of pollution
Abstract: Long-term effects of within-basin tillage
can constrain condition and function of prairie wetlands even after
uplands are restored. Runoff was significantly greater to replicate
wetlands within tilled basins with or without vegetated buffer
strips as compared to Conservation Reserve Program restoration
controls with revegetated uplands (REST). However, mean water
levels for native prairie reference sites were higher than for REST
controls, because infiltration rates were lower for native prairie
basins, which had no prior history of tillage. Nutrient dynamics
changed more in response to changes in water level and vegetation
structure than to increased nutrient inputs in watershed runoff.
Dissolved oxygen increased between dry and wet years except in
basins or zones with dense vegetation. As sediment redox dropped,
water-column phosphate declined as phosphate likely co-precipitated
with iron on the sediment surface within open-water or sparsely
vegetated zones. In response, N:P ratios shifted from a region
indicating N limitation to P limitation. REST sites, with dense
vegetation and low DO, also maintained high DOC, which maintains
phosphate in solution through chelation of iron and catalysis of
photoreduction. Reference sites in native prairie and restored
uplands diverged over the course of the wet-dry cycle, emphasizing
the importance of considering climatic variation in planning
restoration efforts.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
76. Effects of best management
practices.
Davenport, T. and Kohl,
N.
In: 6th Annual International
Symposium on Lake and Reservoir Management: Influences of Nonpoint
Source Pollutants and Acid Precipitation. (Held 5 Nov 1986-8 Nov 1986 at Portland, OR.)
North American Lake Management Soc. (eds.); pp. 43;
1986.
Descriptors:
eutrophic lakes/ sedimentation/
agricultural runoff/ water quality control/ runoff/ eutrophication/
United States/ Illinois/ Pike County/ Pittsfield City Lake/
statistical analysis/ Prevention and control/ Freshwater
pollution
Abstract: Pittsfield City Lake is a
light-limited, eutrophic, multiple-purpose reservoir located in
Pike County, Ill. The lake has a historic and well-documented
sedimentation problem, and the predominant land use in its
watershed is agriculture. In 1980, the area was designated an
Agricultural Conservation Program Special Water Quality Project
Area by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The primary objective
of the project was to improve the water quality of Pittsfield City
Lake by reducing sediment loads through voluntary application of
Best Management Practices (BMP's). To evaluate the effects of Best
Management Practices on water quality in Pittsfield City Lake, the
lake was monitored 2 years before, 3 years during and 2 years after
implementation. Five years of BMP implementation information was
correlated with corresponding lake data to determine the
relationship of such implementation to in-lake water quality. The
results of the statistical analyses are reported.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
77. Effects of Urbanization on Small Watershed
Project Sponsors.
Peterson, J. W.
Land and Water 42 (5): 9-12. (1998);
ISSN: 0192-9453
Descriptors:
Urbanization/ Flood Control/
Conservation/ Watershed Management/ Flooding/ Water
Management/ Water resources/ Environmental protection/ Erosion
control/ Water reservoirs/ Effects on water of human nonwater
activities/ General papers on resources
Abstract: The U.S. Small Watershed Programs,
commonly called the Flood Prevention Operations Program (PL 78-534)
and the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Program (PL
83-566), are among the most flexible and beneficial conservation
acts ever enacted by the U.S. Congress. As one might deduce from
their titles, their main purposes were to provide a reduction in
flood damage and watershed protection (erosion and sediment
control) in the nation's upstream watersheds, primarily in rural
areas. Historically, the U.S. had dealt with natural water flow and
flooding by constructing large floodwater detention reservoirs.
These structures were usually constructed, maintained, and owned by
one of the federal water management agencies.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
78. Estimating changes in recreational fishing
participation from national water quality policies.
Ribaudo, M. O. and Piper, S.
L.
Water Resources
Research 27 (7):
1757-1763. (July 1991)
NAL Call #:
292.8-W295; ISSN: 0043-1397 [WRERAO]
Descriptors:
water quality/ water policy/ water
pollution/ angling/ participation/ estimation/ models/ agricultural
nonpoint source pollution/ Conservation Reserve Program
Abstract: The complete evaluation of the offsite
effects of national policies or programs that affect levels of
agricultural nonpoint source pollution requires linking extensive
water quality changes to changes in recreational activity. A
sequential decision model is specified to describe an individual's
decisions about fishing. A participation model for recreational
fishing that includes a water quality index reflecting regional
water quality is developed and estimated as a logit model with
national level data. A visitation model for those who decide to
fish that also includes the water quality index is estimated using
ordinary least squares. The water quality index is found to be
significant in the participation model but not in the visitation
model. Together, the two models provide a means of estimating how
changes in water quality might influence the number of recreation
days devoted to fishing. The model is used to estimate changes in
fishing participation for the Conservation Reserve
Program.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
79. Estimating water quality benefits:
Theoretical and methodological issues.
Ribaudo, Marc O.; Hellerstein,
Daniel.; and United States. Dept. of Agriculture.
Economic Research
Service.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of
Agriculture, Economic Research Service; ii, 28 p.: ill.
(1992)
Notes: Cover title. "September 1992"--P. i. Includes
bibliographical references (p. 24-28).
NAL Call #: 1-Ag84Te-no.1808
http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/tb1808/TB1808.PDF
Descriptors:
Water quality
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
80. Evaluation of reforestation in the Lower
Mississippi River Alluvial Valley.
King, S. L. and Keeland, B.
D.
Restoration Ecology
7 (4): 348-359. (1999)
NAL Call #:
QH541.15.R45R515; ISSN: 1061-2971
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
81. Ground water quality implications of soil
conservation measures: An economic perspective.
Setia, P. and Piper, S.
Water Resources
Bulletin 27 (2):
201-208. (Mar. 1991-Apr. 1991)
NAL Call #:
292.9-AM34; ISSN: 0043-1370 [WARBA]
Descriptors:
soil conservation/ groundwater/
water quality/ pesticides/ runoff/ leaching/ agricultural
economics/ USDA/ federal programs/ Corn Belt of USA/ food security
act of 1985/ Conservation Reserve Program/ conservation compliance
provision/ pesticide root zone model --- PZRM/
economic models
Abstract: An evaluation of the intermedia movement
of pesticides applied under various land management systems already
in place, or to be implemented, under the Conservation Reserve and
Conservation Compliance programs is presented. The simulation
modeling approach followed in this analysis consists of a
mathematical programming model and leaching/surface runoff,
Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) models. Special care was taken to
ensure that the physical model was sensitive to the chemical
characteristics of individual pesticides and the important physical
changes brought about by different agricultural practices. Results
show that, although these programs as now planned, increase farm
income and achieve soil conservation goals, they may adversely
affect ground water quality. Also, depending on soil and location
characteristics, there are tradeoffs between surface and ground
water quality implications. Hence, if these programs are to address
water quality problems, the recommended practices must be evaluated
for their impact on water quality, particularly in potentially
vulnerable areas.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
82. Impacts of short-rotation hybrid poplar
plantations on regional water yield.
Perry, C. H.; Miller, R. C.; and
Brooks, K. N.
Forest Ecology and
Management 143
(1-3): 143-151. (2001)
NAL Call #:
SD1.F73; ISSN: 0378-1127
Descriptors:
Water relations/ Forest management/
United States, Minnesota/ Logging/ Vegetation Effects / Hydrology/
Watershed Management/ Water Yield / Groundwater/ Populus/ Effects
on water of human nonwater activities
Abstract: Hybrid poplar plantations are being
established on northwestern Minnesota farmlands in response to
demands for timber, pulp and paper, and as a potential source of
biomass energy. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
estimates that between 30 000 and 40 000 ha of former cropland, and
former Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land that was primarily
herbaceous cover, will be converted to tree plantations by 2005.
This paper reports the results of a 2-year study of the effects of
such land use conversions on water yield for plots within tributary
watersheds of the Red River of the North, in northwestern
Minnesota. Three 8- and 9-year-old hybrid poplar plantations and
three 22- to 34-year-old natural mixed hardwood stands were
instrumented to measure precipitation, soil moisture, and soil
water chemistry. Climatological observations at these sites were
used to estimate potential evapotranspiration. These data were used
to apply the GLEAMS model (Knisel, W.G. (Ed.), 1993. GLEAMS:
groundwater loading effects of agricultural management systems.
UGA-CPES-BAED Publication No. 5, University of Georgia. Coastal
Plain Experimental Station, Tifton, GA, 259 pp.) to predict water
yield from the two cover types. No significant differences in water
yield were detected between hybrid poplar plantations and natural
forest stands (alpha =0.05). The similarities between the hydrology
of these two cover types suggest that increasing the acreage of
short-rotation hybrid poplar plantations may influence average peak
flows in streams, stormflow during average events, snowmelt runoff
and spring flooding in the region.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
83. Implementing Swampbuster: Two years of
progress.
Margheim, G. A.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 43
(1): 27-29. ill. (Jan. 1988-Feb.
1988)
NAL Call #:
56.8-J822; ISSN: 0022-4561 [JSWCA3]
Descriptors:
wetlands / resource conservation/
regulations/ program development/ water conservation/ food security
act of 1985/ wetland conservation provision
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
84. Instream benefits of CRP filter
strips.
Whitworth, M. R. and Martin, D.
C.
In: Transactions of the
fifty-fifth (55th) North American wildlife and natural resources
conference.
(Held 16 Mar 1990-21 Mar 1990 at
Denver, CO.)
McCabe, R. E. (ed.); pp. 40-45;
1990.
Notes: ISSN: 0078-1355
NAL Call #: 412.9 N814
Descriptors:
water quality/ soil erosion/
erosion control/ agricultural runoff/ government policy/
United States/ Prevention and
control
Abstract: The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) are both
involved in developing programs that reduce the environmental
degradation associated with agricultural activities. At EPA, the
water quality impacts that are caused by runoff from farm fields to
lakes, streams, and estuaries are an important issue for the
Nonpoint Source water pollution control program. In February, 1988,
the eligibility requirements for the Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) were changed so that 100-foot field borders parallel to
streams, lakes and estuaries could be leased to the federal
government if left fallow. These field borders, or filter strips,
do not have to meet the "highly erodible" criteria that upland CRP
lands have to meet. This is because filter strips are expected to
reduce the amounts of sediments, nutrients, and pesticides that
flow into surface water and improve the habitat for fish and
biota.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
85. Integrated assessment of uses of woody
draws in agricultural landscapes.
Qiu, Z.; Prato, T.; Godsey, L.;
and Benson, V.
Journal of the American
Water Resources Association 38 (5): 1255-1269. (2002)
NAL Call #:
GB651.W315; ISSN: 1093-474X
Descriptors:
Drainage Area/ Land Use/
Agriculture/ Comparison Studies/ Economic Impact/ Environmental
Effects/ Government Supports/ Resources Management/ Environmental
Policy/ Catchment areas/ Comparative studies/ Economics/
Environmental issues/ Resources/ Evaluation process/ Water
Resources and Supplies
Abstract: This study assesses economic and
environmental impacts of uses of woody draws, small natural
drainage areas covered by trees and shrubs in agricultural
landscapes. Three agricultural uses and four alternative uses are
evaluated. A net present value approach is used to compare economic
impacts of uses of draws and APEX is used to evaluate the
interaction between a woody draw and the contributing upland area
and simulate the environmental impacts of uses of draws in the
field. The study shows that relative to agricultural uses,
alternative uses of draws have significant environmental benefits
in terms of reducing surface runoff and sediment and associated
pollutants, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and pesticides.
Agricultural uses of draws are not always the most profitable
option. Certain alternatives, such as curly willow and the mixed
buffer, are highly profitable. Agricultural landscapes could be
differentially managed to achieve both economic variability and
environmental benefits. Government support is necessary to promote
alternative uses of woody draws. The support can be in the form of
CRP payments or market development of buffer products. Farmers and
resource managers can use study results to manage woody draws and
evaluate the merits of alternative policies for managing woody
draws.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
86. Iowa's wetlands present and future with a
focus on prairie potholes.
Bishop, R A; Joens, J; and Zohrer,
J
Journal of the Iowa Academy
of Science 105
(3): 89-93. (1998)
NAL Call #:
Q11.J68; ISSN: 0896-8381
Descriptors:
pothole habitat/ prairie marsh/
riparian floodplain/ uplands/ wetland restoration/
wildlife habitat
Abstract: The vast prairie marsh-pothole complex
that historically covered approximately 7.6 millions acres in Iowa
was reduced to less than 30,000 acres by 1980 when it was estimated
that only 5,000 acres of prairie marsh and pothole habitat remained
in private ownership. A bleak outlook for the future of wetlands
was presented by Bishop (1981)." This outlook changed with the
development of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan and the
passage of two important pieces of legislation: the North American
Wetlands Conservation Act and the Food Security Act of 1985.
Protection of existing wetlands was afforded through the
Swampbuster provision of the Food Security Act. The North American
Wetlands Conservation Act and the Wetland Reserve Program offered
through the Food Security Act provided needed funding for the
protection and restoration of wetlands in Iowa. Since 1988, the
Iowa Department of Natural Resources, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, and various county conservation boards together with
Pheasants Forever, Ducks Unlimited, and the Iowa Natural Heritage
Foundation have purchased over 10,000 ha (25,000 ac) of wetlands
and uplands in the Prairie Pothole Region of Iowa and restored over
24,240 ha (6,600 ac) of public and private wetlands. The United
States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation
Service has enrolled approximately 24,240 ha (60,600 ac) of
riparian floodplains and potholes into the Wetland Reserve Program
and Emergency Wetland Reserve Program, affording them protection
through permanent easements. Public support of wetland legislation
will ensure that funding continues to be available to protect and
restore Iowa's prairie wetlands.
© Thomson
87. Irrigated Acreage in the Conservation
Reserve Program.
Schaible, G. D.
Washington, DC: Economic Research
Service; ERSAER610XSP; USDAAER610, 1989. 27 p.
Notes: Replaces PB89-214175
NAL Call #: A281.9-Ag8A-no.610
Descriptors:
Land use / Area/ Soil erosion/
Benefit cost analysis/ Erosion control/ Cost effectiveness/
Nebraska/ Texas/ History/ Soil conservation/ Irrigation/ Marginal
land/ Conservation Reserve Program/ Agriculture and food/
Agricultural equipment facilities and operations/ Natural resources
and earth sciences/ Soil sciences
Abstract: Marginal irrigated acreage enrolled
in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) through 1987 represent
less than 2 percent of the 23 million acres enrolled nationwide.
Marginal irrigated acreage is irrigated land that results in low
net returns because of high energy costs (due to high pump lifts
and/or low pump capacities) or low productivity. Most of the
enrolled irrigated acreage is in 17 Western States, with 68 percent
of it in Nebraska and Texas. The report identifies the extent of
marginal irrigated acreage enrolled in the CRP through 1987 and the
potential enrollment in the CRP under two rates of enrollment, the
historical and half the historical rate. The report also examines
why producers would enroll irrigated land in the CRP and estimates
cost savings and other benefits to remaining irrigators in Nebraska
and Texas over a 40-year period.
88. Land use changes since 1982 reduce
pesticide leaching potential.
Kellogg, R. L. and Wallace,
S.
In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual
Meeting of the Soil and Water Conservation Society; p. 22.
(Held 7-9 August, 1995 at Des Moines,
Iowa.); 1995.
Descriptors:
leaching / pesticides/ land use/
indexing/ cropland/ water quality/ benefits/ groundwater/ risks/
mapping/ NRI/ CRP/ Water quality control/ Evaluation, processing
and publication
Abstract: A spatial index based on the
intrinsic leaching potential of soils, annual rainfall, cropping
patterns, and chemical use (originally published by Kellogg,
Maizel, and Goss (1992)) has been updated to incorporate the
recently released 1992 National Resources Inventory (NRI) data on
land use change from 1982 to 1992. Results indicate total number of
acres with a high risk of pesticide leaching fell by 16 million as
a result of changes in land use alone. The reduction of 16 million
high risk acres of cropland conversions to non-cropland use, which
was offset somewhat by 6 million acres of new cropland (since 1982)
that had higher index scores. Of the 22 million acre reduction, 8.3
million were associated with enrollment of cropland in the CRP, 6.5
million were associated with cropland converted to pastureland and
forestland, 1.9 million were due to conversion of cropland to
developed land, 3.8 million were due to changes in the crop mix,
and the remainder to conversion of cropland to a variety of other
uses. The largest reductions in high risk acres attributable to the
CRP occurred in Iowa and Texas. The greatest ground water quality
benefit from the CRP enrollment was in the Midwest, the South, and
the Southeast. National maps will be presented on change in
cropland acreage, average pesticide leaching scores, the change in
pesticide leaching scores during the 10-year period, and a map
showing where the CRP enrollment had the greatest potential for
ground water benefits.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
89. MKT Trial/Hinkson Creek emergency
watershed program project in Boone County, Missouri.
Pellmann NF and Wallace
DC.
In: ASAE Annual International
Meeting. (Held 10 Aug 1997-14 Aug 1997 at
Minneapolis, Minnesota.)
St. Joseph, Mich.: American
Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE); 4 p.; 1997.
Notes: ASAE Paper no. 972075
NAL Call #: S671.3 .A54
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
90. A modeling approach to evaluate best
management practices.
Williams, R D and Nicks, A
D
Water Science and
Technology 28 (3-5):
675-678. ( 1993)
NAL Call #:
TD420.A1P7; ISSN: 0273-1223
Descriptors:
agriculture/ chemicals runoff and
erosion from agricultural management systems/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ mathematical model/ soil pollution/ vegetative filter
strips/ water erosion prediction project/ water
pollution
© Thomson
91. Monitoring changes in agricultural runoff
quality in the Laplatte River Watershed, Vermont.
Meals, D. W.
In: Perspectives on nonpoint
source pollution: Proceedings of a national conference.
(Held 19 May 1985-22 May 1985 at Kansas City,
Missouri.)
Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency; pp. 185-190; 1985.
Notes: Document number: EPA 440-5-85-001
Descriptors:
nonpoint sources/ agricultural
runoff/ Freshwater pollution/ watersheds/ pollution monitoring/
pollution control/ runoff/ nonpoint pollution/ United States,
Vermont, LaPlatte River/ agricultural land/ Environmental action/
Freshwater pollution/ Pollution monitoring and detection/
Prevention and control/ Characteristics, behavior and fate/
Prevention and control
Abstract: The LaPlatte River watershed in
northwestern Vermont is the focus of an intensive program of land
treatment to control agricultural runoff. Best Management Practices
for controlling dairy manure and cropland erosion have been
implemented by the USDA-SCS on 90 percent of the priority areas in
the watershed. A long-term monitoring program is being conducted to
evaluate the effectiveness of BMP application in improving water
quality. The monitoring program includes precipitation and stream
discharge recording and water sampling for suspended solids,
phosphorus, and nitrogen analysis. A concurrent land use monitoring
program is collecting information required to couple changes in
agricultural practices with changes in stream water quality. The
water quality monitoring program is outlined. Application of
several statistical trend analysis techniques to 5 years of record
from four watersheds is described and some results are
discussed.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
92. Nitrate losses through subsurface tile
drainage in Conservation Reserve Program, alfalfa, and row crop
systems.
Randall, G. W.; Huggins, D. R.;
Russelle, M. P.; Fuchs, D. J.; Nelson, W. W.; and Anderson, J.
L.
Journal of Environmental
Quality 26 (5): 1240-1247.
(Sept. 1997-Oct. 1997)
NAL Call #:
QH540.J6; ISSN: 0047-2425 [JEVQAA]
Descriptors:
nitrate nitrogen/ losses from soil/
cropping systems/ biomass production/ zea mays/ glycine max/
medicago sativa/ Minnesota
Abstract: Subsurface drainage of gravitational
water from the soil profile through tiles is a common practice used
to improve crop production on poorly drained soils. Previous
research has often shown significant concentrations of nitrate-N
(NO3-N) in drainage water from row-crop systems, but little
drainage research has been conducted under perennial crops such as
those used in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Four cropping
systems (continuous corn, a corn-soybean rotation, alfalfa, and
CRP) were established in 1988 to determine aboveground biomass
yields, N uptake, residual soil N (RSN), soil water content, and
NO3 losses to subsurface tile drainage water as influenced by
cropping system. Hydrologic-year rainfall during the 6-yr study
ranged from 23% below normal to 66% above normal. In dry years,
yields were limited, RSN accumulated at elevated levels in all crop
systems but especially in the row-crop systems, soil water reserves
and RSN were reduced to as deep as 2.7 m in the alfalfa (Medicago
sativa L.) and CRP systems, and tile drainage did not occur.
Drainage occurred only in the corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean
[Glycine max (L.) Merr.] systems in the year of normal rainfall. In
years of excess precipitation, drainage from the row-crop systems
exceeded that from the perennial crops by 1.1 to 5.3X.
Flow-weighted average NO3-N concentrations in the water during the
flow period of this study were continuous corn = 32, corn-soybean
rotation = 24, alfalfa = 3 and CRP = 2 mg/L. Nitrate losses in the
subsurface drainage water from the continuous corn and corn-soybean
systems were about 37X and 35X higher, respectively, than from the
alfalfa and CRP systems due primarily to greater season-long ET
resulting in less drainage and greater uptake and/or immobilization
of N by the perennial crops.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
93. Nonmarket Economic Benefits Provided by
Increased Recreational Fishing From Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) Related Water Quality Improvement.
Douglas, A. J. and Johnson, R. L.
U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Midcontinent
Ecological Science Center, 2001.
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ Local
conservation programs/ United States/ Klamath Basin
Abstract: Estimated the nonmarket angling
benefits of CRP-related water quality improvements.
94. Permanent Wetland Reserve: Analysis of a
New Approach to Wetland Protection.
Carey, M.; Heimlich, R.; and
Brazee, R.
Washington, DC: Economic Research
Service; USDAAIB610; ERSAIB610XSP, 1990. 20 p.
Notes: Agriculture information bulletin
610;
Replaces PB90-267352
Descriptors:
Regulations/ Land use/ Biological
productivity/ Vulnerability/ Government policies/ Area/ History/
Legislation/ Swamps/ Conservation/ Food Security Act of 1985/ North
American Wetlands Conservation and Restoration Act of 1989/ Natural
resources and earth sciences---Natural resource management
Abstract: Current
Federal wetland protection efforts, such as the Swampbuster
provision of the 1985 farm act, may be insufficient to attain the
administration's goal of 'no net loss' in wetland acreage. One
option is to establish a permanent wetland reserve program, which
the report discusses. The report reviews why wetlands are
important, looks at past and present Federal wetland policies, and
examines the dimensions of a reserve under three sizes. The likely
geographic distribution of the reserve and likely crop rotations
affected are both analyzed, and potential easement and restoration
costs are estimated.
95. A potential integrated water quality
strategy for the Mississippi River basin and the Gulf of
Mexico.
Greenhalgh S and Faeth
P
The Scientific World
1 (S2): 976-983. (2001)
NAL Call #:
472 SCI25.
Notes: UID: 2001.01.354; Number of References: 32;
From: Optimizing nitrogen management in food and energy production
and environmental protection: Proceedings of the 2nd International
Nitrogen Conference on Science and Policy 2001/ Potomac, MD, USA,
14-18 October 2001
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
96. Potential of the Conservation Reserve
Program to control agricultural surface water pollution.
Lant, C. L.
Environmental
Management 15 (4): 507-518.
(1991)
NAL Call #:
HC79.E5E5; ISSN: 0364-152X
Descriptors:
pollution control/ agricultural
pollution/ agricultural runoff/ erosion control/ environmental
protection/ United States/ agriculture/ surface water/ government
programs/ erosion/ Illinois/ Fayette County/ wetlands/ Prevention
and control/ Environmental action/ Land pollution
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP),
initiated by the Conservation Title of the Food Security Act of
1985, is the primary federal program to control nonpoint-source
pollution in agricultural watersheds of the United States. This
study estimates potential enrollment of streamside and floodplain
croplands in this ten-year retirement program in order to gauge the
potential of the CRP as a water-quality improvement policy. A
contingent choice survey design was employed in Fayette County,
Illinois, to demonstrate that there is substantial potential for
retirement of streamside and floodplain croplands in the
CRP.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
97. Rock Creek Rural Clean Water Program: The
experiment continues.
Neubeiser, M. J.
In: Perspectives on Nonpoint
Source Pollution: Proceedings of a national conference.
(Held 19 May 1985-22 May 1985 at Kansas City,
MO.)
Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental
Protection Agency; pp. 391-396;
1985.
Notes: Document number: EPA 440-5-85-001
Descriptors:
nonpoint sources/ Freshwater
pollution/ pollution control/ agricultural runoff/ government
policy/ pollution legislation/ rivers/ nonpoint pollution/
legislation/ United States/ Idaho/ Twin Falls County/ Rock Creek/
Rural Clean Water Program/ Environmental action/ Prevention and
control
Abstract: Rock Creek in Twin Falls County,
Idaho, has long been recognized as one of the most severely
degraded streams in the State. Both point and nonpoint sources of
pollution have contributed to this problem. The 1972 Federal Water
Pollution Control Act (P.L. 92-500) stimulated pollution abatement
efforts, and since then both State and Federal programs have been
directed toward pollution abatement in Rock Creek. Point source
discharges have been essentially eliminated from food processing
plants, fish hatcheries, and the Twin Falls sewage treatment plant.
Agricultural nonpoint sources, however, continue to cause severe
pollution problems within the Rock Creek drainage. Irrigation
return flows to the creek contain high concentrations of suspended
sediment and related agricultural pollutants such as phosphorus,
nitrogen, and fecal coliform bacteria. This paper presents and
discusses the history, major activities, and progress in restoring
the health of Rock Creek through the Rural Clean Water
Program.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
98. Runoff, erosion, and soil quality
characteristics of a former Conservation Reserve Program
site.
Gilley, J. E.; Doran, J. W.;
Karlen, D. L.; and Kaspar, T. C.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 52
(3): 191-193. (June 1997)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
Iowa/ tillage/ runoff rates/ soil
erosion/ organic matter/ simulated rainfall/ conservation/ land
management/ soil conservation/ soil properties/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ soil quality/ Erosion and sedimentation/
Streamflow and runoff/ Environmental degradation / United
States
Abstract: No-till and moldboard plow tillage
systems were established on a former Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) site in southwest Iowa. Runoff rates from simulated rainfall
events were significantly greater on sites returned to crop
production than from adjoining, undisturbed CRP areas. Substantial
soil loss was measured from the moldboard plow treatments, but no
significant differences in erosion rates were found between the
undisturbed CRP and no-till management systems. No-till management
maintained levels of soil quality similar to those of CRP by
preserving soil structural integrity and reducing losses of soil
organic matter (SOM) associated with tillage. Conservation tillage
systems which maintain residue materials on the soil surface may be
well suited for former CRP areas which are used as
cropland.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
99. Sedimentation of Prairie Pothole Wetlands:
The Need for Integrated Research by Agricultural and Wildlife
Interests.
Gleason, R. A. and Euliss, N.
H.
In: Water for Agriculture and
Wildlife and the Environment: Win-Win Opportunities -- Proceedings
from the USCID Wetlands Seminar. (Held 27 Jun 1996-28 Jun 1996 at Bismarck,
North Dakota.) Schaack, J.; Anderson, S. S.; U.S. Committee on
Irrigation and Drainage; and U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
(eds.)
Denver, Colo.: U.S. Committee on
Irrigation and Drainage; pp. 107-114; 1997.
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
Regional conservation programs/
Prairie Pothole region
Abstract: Examined the influences of
sedimentation on wildlife values in wetlands within the Prairie
Pothole Region.
100. Soil management after CRP contracts
expire.
Schumacher, T. E.; Lindstrom, M.
J.; Blecha, M. L.; Cogo, N. P.; Clay, D. E.; and Bleakley, B.
H.
In: Clean water, clean
environment, 21st century team agriculture, working to protect
water resources conference proceedings. (Held 5 Mar 1995-8 Mar 1995 at Kansas City,
Missouri.); Vol. 3.
St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE; pp.
239-242; 1995.
NAL Call #: TD365.C54-1995; ISBN: 0929355601
Descriptors:
soil conservation/ cover crops/
bromus inermis/ medicago sativa/ no-tillage/ chiselling/ plowing/
moldboards/ biological activity in soil/ mineralization/ nitrogen/
carbon/ soil flora/ land banks/ soil organic matter/ South Dakota/
Conservation Reserve Programs
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
101. Subsurface drain losses of water and
nitrate following conversion of perennials to row crops.
Huggins, D. R.; Randall, G. W.;
and Russelle, M. P.
Agronomy Journal
93 (3): 477-486.
(May 2001-June 2001)
NAL Call #:
4-AM34P; ISSN: 0002-1962 [AGJOAT]
Descriptors:
medicago sativa/ glycine max/ zea
mays/ rotations/ rowcrops/ perennials/ drainage/ soil water/
nitrate/ water quality/ use efficiency/ water use efficiency/
Minnesota
Abstract: Nitrate losses through subsurface drains
in agricultural fields pose a serious threat to surface water
quality. Substantial reductions in drainage losses of NO3-N can
occur with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or perennial grasses as
used in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) plantings. Conversion of
perennials to annual row crops, however, could have rapid, adverse
affects on water quality. We evaluated water and N use efficiency
of row crops following perennials, and losses of water and NO3-N to
subsurface drains. Four cropping systems: continuous corn (Zea mays
L.), a corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation, alfalfa
(ALF), and CRP, were established in 1988. The ALF and CRP were
converted to a corn-corn-soybean sequence from 1994 through 1996
while continuous corn (C-C) and corn-soybean (C-S) rotations were
maintained. Following CRP, corn yield was 14% and water use
efficiency (WUE) 20% greater as compared with C-C. Yield was 19%
and WUE 21% greater for soybean following corn in CRP and ALF as
compared with C-S. Residual soil NO3-N (RSN) increased 125% in
first year corn following CRP and was 32% greater than C-C by 1996.
High N uptake efficiencies of corn following alfalfa slowed the
buildup of RSN, but levels were equal to row crop systems after 2
yr. Nitrate losses in drainage water remained low during the
initial year of conversion, but were similar to row crop systems
during the subsequent 2 yr. Beneficial effects of perennials on
subsurface drainage characteristics were largely negated following
1 to 2 yr of corn.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
102. Survey of management practices used for
reserve acreage and grassed waterways.
Pike, D. R.; Knake, E. L.; and
Hill, J. L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 49
(6): 612-615. (1994)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
agricultural practices/ waterways/
crops/ soil conservation/ farms/ land management/ Watershed
protection
Abstract: During 1991 a mail survey of Illinois
farmers was conducted to determine cover crop usage and pest
control practices on government subsidized program plantings.
Ninety-four percent of the respondents reported having Acreage
Reduction Program (ARP) plantings, 21% having Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) plantings, and 29% having grass waterways or filter
strips. Results of the survey indicate that oats (Avena sativa),
alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and clover (Trifolium spp.) were the
most widely used crops for ARP plantings while perennial grasses,
alfalfa, and clover combinations were widely used for CRP
plantings. Herbicides were used by only 9% of the farmers for
control of weeds on ARP. In the opinion of the farmers surveyed,
wildlife populations have increased for several animals. While
weeds in program plantings were noted by a large number of farmers,
injury by insects in crops adjacent to ARP and CRP was reported by
fewer than 20% of the farmers.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
103. The use of Conservation Reserve Program
land for grazing cattle.
Boyles, S. L.; Stoll, B. W.; and
Dobbles, T. L.
Journal of Sustainable
Agriculture 18
(4): 113-120. (2001)
NAL Call #:
S494.5.S86S8; ISSN: 1044-0046 [JSAGEB]
Descriptors:
cattle/ grazing/ nature
conservation/ agricultural land/ land use/ intensive husbandry/
rotational grazing/ stocking rate/ liveweight gain/ crude protein/
protein intake/ nitrate nitrogen/ Ohio
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is
a voluntary program under which landowners enter into contracts
with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to remove
highly erodible and environmentally sensitive cropland from
production. A 3 year project was done to evaluate intensive,
rotational cattle grazing as an alternative for this land when it
is removed from the federal program. A 16 ha area was divided into
28 cells for grazing. Cattle were moved to a new cell on a daily
basis. A seasonal average stocking rate of 3.5 hd ha(-1) was used
during the three-year study. Yearling cattle (248 +/- 17.9 kg) were
placed on grass in the spring. Average daily gain was .7 +/- .03 kg
d(-1). Crude protein (23 +/- 4.7%) did not change over years (P
> .05). Breakeven values needed to meet direct and overhead
expenses ranged from $US 0.87 to $US 0.73/kg gain. Based on
nitrate-nitrogen levels in run-off water samples, maintaining
forage on what was CRP land and using it for grazing does meet the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conservation compliance
demands to participate in other USDA programs.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
104. Water Quality and the Conservation Reserve
Program: Implications of Targeting Saline Croplands.
Aillery, M. P.
In: Nonpoint pollution 1988:
Policy, economy, management, and appropriate technology --
Proceedings of a symposium.
Bethesda, Maryland: American Water
Resources Association; pp. 261-270; 1988.
Descriptors:
Conservation---Cropland/
Environmental policy/ Government finance/ Nonpoint pollution
sources/ Saline soils/ Water resources management/ Cost benefit
analysis/ Crop production/ Farming/ Governmental interrelations/
Irrigation/ Water policy/ Water quality control/ Conservation in
agricultural use
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) of the 1985 Food Security Act provides an opportunity for
improved water quality and higher farm prices through retirement of
environmentally-sensitive croplands. Although current enrollment is
limited to highly erodible soils and stream buffers, salinity is
cited as one of several criteria which may be used to determine
future cropland eligibility. Extending CRP eligibility to highly
saline irrigated soils has an effect on acreage enrollment, water
quality, production control, and program cost. Modification of
program eligibility criteria to include irrigated saline croplands
will not significantly expand the national acreage pool, although
local effects may be important. Potential new enrollment is limited
by additional eligible acreage, county enrollment ceilings, and
enrollment incentives for irrigated lands. Offsite water quality
benefits attributable to reduced salt-loading may be very
significant. However, enrollment of irrigated saline cropland is
less cost-effective than currently eligible cropland from a
commodity supply perspective. State involvement in support of a CRP
salinity provision is likely to increase program effectiveness.
(See also W91-03704) (Author 's abstract)
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
105. Water Quality Benefits from the
Conservation Reserve Program.
Ribaudo, M. O.
Washington, DC: Economic Research
Service, Resources and Technology Div.; USDAAER606; ERSAER606XSP,
1989. 40 p.
Notes: Replaces PB89-175624
NAL Call #: A281.9-Ag8A-no.606
Descriptors:
Ground water/ Cost benefit
analysis/ Land reclamation/ Land use/ Soil erosion/ Soil
conservation/ Water quality/ Farmlands/ Environmental transport/
Nonpoint sources/ Food Security Act of 1985/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ Natural resources and earth sciences/ Soil sciences/
Hydrology and limnology
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program, a
land retirement program designed to remove from production 40 to 45
million acres of highly erodible cropland, may generate an
estimated $3.5 to $4 billion in water quality benefits. Potential
benefits include lower water treatment costs, lower sediment
removal costs, less flood damage, less damage to equipment which
uses water, and increased recreational fishing. Benefits were
estimated with a set of procedures that approximated the physical,
chemical, biological, and economic links between soil erosion and
water use.
106. Water quality improvement and wetlands
restoration.
Weitman, D.
In: When Conservation Reserve
Program contracts expire: The policy options; Ankeny, IA: Soil and
Water Conservation Society, 1994. pp. 20-22
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program/
United States
Abstract: Addressed the importance of water
quality and wetland benefits related to CRP.
107. Watershed water quality programs: Lessons
learned in Illinois.
Davenport, T. and Lowrey,
J.
In: Perspectives on nonpoint
source pollution: Proceedings of a national conference.
(Held 19-22 May 1985; at Kansas City,
MO.)
Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency; pp. 256-258; 1985.
Notes: Document number: EPA 440-5-85-001
Descriptors:
nonpoint sources/ watersheds/
pollution control/ Freshwater pollution/ agricultural pollution/
soil erosion/ government policy/ United States, Illinois/ lakes/
nonpoint pollution/ Illinois/ state policies/ United States,
Illinois, Pittsfield Lake/ Environmental action/ Pollution control/
Prevention and control
Abstract: Several nonpoint source control
projects--Sec. 108 Great Lakes Demonstration Projects, Clean Lakes
Projects, Sec. 314 Agricultural Conservation Program Projects, and
Rural Clean Water Projects--have been implemented in watersheds
critical for agricultural pollution. Evaluation of these ongoing
nonpoint source control projects is necessary for facilitating
future NPS control programs. Presently in the State of Illinois, 2
major watershed nonpoint source evaluation projects exist--the Lake
Pittsfield (Blue Creek) and Silver Lake (Highland) Watershed
projects. Recommendations on projects selection, development, and
implementation are discussed based on evaluation of these projects.
Priority lakes for agricultural nonpoint source water quality
problem abatement are tabulated in order of priority.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
108. Wetlands Reserve Pilot Program: An
assessment based on state leadership workshops.
American Farmland
Trust.
Washington, D.C.: American
Farmland Trust;
12, 10 p. (1993)
Notes: Cover title. "December 1993."
NAL Call #: QH75-.W47-1993
Descriptors:
Wetland conservation/
Wetlands
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
109. Wetlands Reserve Program.
Hussey, S. L.
Fisheries 19 (8): 42-43. (1994)
NAL Call #:
SH1.F54; ISSN: 0363-2415
Descriptors:
wetlands / fishery resources/
agriculture/ nature conservation/ legislation/ resources
management/ environmental protection/ fisheries/ habitats/ wildlife
conservation/ Wetlands Reserve Program/ Stock assessment and
management/ Law/ policy/ economics/ social sciences/ Conservation/
wildlife management/ recreation/ Water law and institutions/
Environmental action/ United States
Abstract: Historically, one of the greatest threats
to wetlands has been drainage for agricultural purposes. One-fourth
of U.S. Cropland, more than 100 million acres, was obtained by
clearing and draining wetlands. This loss of wetland functions and
terrestrial ecosystems. Three-fourths of the nation's fish
production depends on wetlands. A wetlands protection program with
tremendous potential is the Wetlands Reserve Program, authorized by
the food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act of 1990. While
not commonly associated with fisheries, this program offers
significant opportunities to improve fisheries habitats. The
Wetlands Reserve Program was established for the voluntary
restoration and protection of wetland by landowners through
permanent or 30-year easements on up to 1 million acres of wetlands
previously modified for agricultural production. The program is
designed to take marginal cropland out of production, providing
landowners with the opportunity to benefit by maintaining wetlands.
Riparian areas are also eligible for enrollment in the program. The
prospect of habitat for fish and wildlife is one national priority
factor in determining eligibility for enrollment.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
110. When a Landowner Adopts a Riparian Buffer:
Benefits and Costs.
Lynch, L. and Tjaden, R. Maryland
Cooperative Extension; Fact Sheet 774, 2000.
http://www.riparianbuffers.umd.edu/PDFs/FS774.pdf
Descriptors:
State conservation programs/
Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program/ Maryland
Abstract: Detailed costs and benefits of
riparian buffer installation.
111. Agricultural land use patterns of native
ungulates in south-eastern Montana.
Selting, J. P. and Irby, L.
R.
Journal of Range
Management 50 (4):
338-345.
(July 1997)
NAL Call #:
60.18-J82; ISSN: 0022-409X [JRMGAQ]
Descriptors:
odocoileus hemionus/ odocoileus
virginianus/ antilocapra americana/ wild animals/ habitat
selection/ population density/ patterns/ seasonal variation/
agricultural land/ Montana/ Conservation Reserve Program
lands
Abstract: Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus),
white-tailed deer (Odocolieus virginianus), and pronghorn antelope
(Antilocapra americana) use of 6 agricultural land use categories
in southeastern Montana were monitored to identify use patterns at
specific sites. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), bottom rangeland,
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands, upland rangeland, wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) stubble, and growing wheat were observed
during dawn, day, dusk, and night hours over a period of 12 months.
Mule deer densities on alfalfa peaked in fall and again in spring.
The CRP lands were selected in all seasons. Rangeland sites were
most heavily used in winter and summer. White-tailed deer used CRP
lands in all seasons except fall. Alfalfa was selected in fall,
spring, and summer. Antelope densities on alfalfa were highest in
spring and fall, while growing wheat fields were used most in
spring. Antelope in the northern study area selected CRP land in
all seasons except fall. Densities of animals and patterns of use
observed during this study would be unlikely to produce significant
impacts on forage or crops at most of our study sites.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
112. Agricultural Practices, Farm Policy, and
the Conservation of Biological Diversity.
Gerard, P. W.
Laurel, Md: National Biological
Service; PB95262515XSP, 1995. 32 p.
Notes: Also pub. as National Biological Service,
Laurel, MD. rept. no. BIOLOGICAL-4.
Descriptors:
Endangered species/ Birds/
Policies/ Biological indicators/ Cultivated lands/ Wildlife
conservation/ Agricultural lands/ Biodiversity/ Natural resources
and earth sciences/ Natural resource management/ Agriculture
and food/ Agricultural equipment facilities and
operations
Abstract: Long-term wildlife population
declines are associated with changing agricultural practices.
Cropland expansion, agricultural intensification, and national farm
policies are all implicated in these declines. Social, economic,
technological, and political factors determine where, what, and how
a farmer produces crops and therefore his or her effect on wildlife
habitat. Farmers are also influenced by Department of Agriculture
programs, which therefore are indirectly implicated in wildlife
population declines. Changes in the prairie and Great Plains
agricultural landscape since the 1950s provide a clear example of
the relation between federal agriculture policy, farmers' land-use
practices, and the decline of grassland bird species. Early
research indicates that the Conservation Reserve Program may help
to slow or reverse wildlife losses, including those of several
species listed as endangered. However, Conservation Reserve Program
benefits to wild life populations may vary considerably across the
United States. Wildlife conservation in the agricultural landscape
is limited by conflicting conservation objectives, the voluntary
nature of federal agriculture programs, and the habitat
requirements of many endangered vertebrate species.
113. Animal and habitat relationships in the
South Platte basin with emphasis on threatened and endangered
species.
Fitzgerald, J. P.
In: Endangered Species Management:
Planning Our Future, Proceedings of the 6th Annual 1996 South
Platte Forum.
(Held 25 Oct 1995-26 Oct 1995
at Greeley, Colorado.) Graf, D. and
Williams, D. J. (eds.)
Fort Collins, CO: Colorado Water
Resources Research Institute, Colorado State University;
pp. 8; 1995.
Descriptors:
United States/ Colorado/ South
Platte River Basin/ wildlife habitats/ river basins/ animal
populations/ priorities/ wildlife management/ preservation/ spatial
distribution/ species diversity/ Ecological impact of water
development
Abstract: A minimum of 353 species of
terrestrial vertebrates reside in or make important seasonal use of
habitats in the South Platte River basin in Colorado. The list
includes 252 birds, 69 mammals, 22 reptiles, and 10 amphibians.
When species are tied to habitat requisites, the most critical
habitats in priority of management needs/preservation are: 1.
Grassland/Prairie; 2. Plains Riparian/Wetlands; 3. Middle to High
Elevation Forests. In a management context the two most critical
habitat types present the most serious problems. Most of the
eastern plains is in private ownership with few incentives
available to landowners for protection/habitat management. Habitat
is becoming fragmented with less than one-third still in prairie.
Water allocation and use patterns as well as human population
growth patterns are increasing pressures on remaining plains
landscapes, especially at the foothills/plains interface in the
basin. Agricultural patterns including increasing use of the
Conservation Reserve Program will also likely effect distributional
patterns of wildlife, perhaps to the detriment of some species.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (CSA)
114. An annotated bibliography for wildlife
responses to the Conservation Reserve Program.
Allen, A. W.
In: A comprehensive review of Farm
Bill contributions wildlife conservation, 1985-2000/ Heard, L. P;
Hohman, W. L.; Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management
Institute (U.S.); Series: Technical Report
USDA/NRCS/WHMI.
Madison, MS: USDA, NRCS, Wildlife
Habitat Management Institute, 2000; pp. 151-206
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
wildlife habitats/ wildlife management
115. Annual set-aside programs: A long-term
perspective of habitat quality in Illinois and the
Midwest.
Warner, Richard E.; Etter, Stanley
L.; David, Larry M.; and Mankin, Philip C.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 28 (2): 347-354.
(2000)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648.
Notes: 3 tables; 1 figure.
Descriptors:
policies and programs/ farms/ food
crops/ production/ grassland/ cultivated farmland/ habitat
management for wildlife/ conservation programs/ land use/ cover/
vegetation/ agriculture/ habitat change/ grains/ prairie/ extensive
agriculture/ North America/ United States/ Illinois/
Iowa
Abstract: Farm programs that divert cropland from
production have been important for establishing grassy habitat in
the Midwest since the 1930s. This study documents 1) the expansion
of row crop production and general decline of grasses on farm
landscapes of the Midwest in recent decades, and 2) the trend
toward short-term set-aside programs that establish grassy habitat
of marginal value, depicted in Illinois. During the 1980s and early
1990s, row crop production in the Midwest moderated and millions of
hectares of grassland were established on cropland diverted from
production. Nonetheless, from 1964 to 1992, row crop plantings
increased by 39%, with an 84% increase in soybeans being the most
striking land-use change. Row crops supplanted numerous cover types
that have grassy structure, including oats (-83%), wheat (-10%),
other minor crops (-51%), permanent pasture (-54%), diverted
cropland (-51%), and other farmland (-41%). On a study area in
east-central Illinois, we evaluated and compared selected habitat
characteristics of grassy cover for 1962-63 and 1991-94 on 100
randomly selected 4.05-ha plots, including tract width,
heterogeneity of vegetation, disturbance during the growing season,
persistence of vegetation from one growing season to the next, and
extent to which grassy fields were connected by permanent (grass)
edges to surrounding landscape elements. There was a diminution
(P<0.05) in these habitat attributes in the 1990s compared to
the 1960s. The conservation community has emphasized the potential
benefits of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) for wildlife,
while most of the grassland in the Corn Belt has been established
by annual set-aside programs. Although the most recent set-aside
era ended in the late 1990s, programs of this nature may reemerge.
Our study underscores the need and opportunity for improving
habitat conditions as part of future farm programs that would
divert land from production under short-term contract.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
116. Are economic instruments the saviour for
biodiversity on private land?
Gibbons, P; Briggs, S V; and
Shields, J M
Pacific Conservation
Biology 7 (4): 223-228.
(2002); ISSN:
1038-2097
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
biodiversity conservation/ economic instruments/ ecosystem
vulnerability/ environmental condition/ metapopulation viability/
offset schemes/ private lands/ representative ecosystem examples/
stewardship schemes/ tax concessions/
temporal support
© Thomson
117. Area Requirements of Grassland Birds: A
Regional Perspective.
Johnson, D. H. and Igl, L.
D.
Auk 118(1): 24-34.
(2001)
NAL Call #:
413.8 AU4
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program/
Great Plains
Abstract: Examined the influence of fragmentation
and isolation of CRP grassland fields on grassland breeding bird
populations in the northern Great Plains.
118. The Arkansas response to federal farm
program opportunities.
Long, J. D.; Akers, D.; and
Wilson, S. N.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 46
(4):
272-275. (July 1991-Aug.
1991)
NAL Call #:
56.8-J822; ISSN: 0022-4561 [JSWCA3]
Descriptors:
farmland/ wildlife conservation/
habitats/ environmental protection/ federal programs/ Conservation
Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
119. Association of the Conservation Reserve
Program with ring-necked pheasant survey counts in Iowa.
Riley, Terry Z
Wildlife Society Bulletin
23 (3): 386-390. (1995)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648
Descriptors:
Phasianus colchicus (Galliformes)/
animals/ birds/ chordates/ nonhuman vertebrates/ vertebrates/
agriculture/ snowfall/ weather/ wildlife management
Abstract: More than 880,000 ha of Iowa farmland
were enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) from
1986-1991. I evaluated the relationship between CRP enrollment and
ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in Iowa and how
cropland and weather affected that relationship. Six percent of the
land area in Iowa was enrolled in the CRP between 1986 and 1991.
Pheasant numbers in Iowa increased 30% during the first 5 years of
the CRP compared to a similar period before the program began (P =
0.026). Numbers increased 34% (P lt 0.018) in counties with gt 70%
cropland and 26% (P= 0.12) in counties with 50-70% cropland. I did
not detect increases in pheasant numbers in counties with lt 50%
cropland (P gt 0.71). Pheasant numbers were positively related to
the CRP, but this function was also influenced by percent cropland
and cumulative snowfall.
© Thomson
120. Avian abundance and diversity in CRP, crop
fields, pastures, and restored and native grasslands during
winter.
Morris, Kelly
Passenger Pigeon
62 (3/4): 217-224.
(2000);
ISSN: 0031-2703
Descriptors:
birds/ crops/ conservation/ species
diversity/ hibernation/ snow/ grass prairies/ meadows/ agricultural
conservation programs
Abstract: I compared grassland bird use of land set
aside by the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), crop fields,
pastures, and restored and native prairies during winter in
southern Wisconsin. Species diversity was highest in crop fields,
followed by restored prairie, CP2 (CRP fields planted to native
grasses), native prairie remnants, and pastures. Avian abundance
(number of individuals seen per hour of observation) was highest in
pastures, followed by restored prairie, CP2, crop fields and native
prairie. No birds were observed in CP1 fields (CRP fields planted
to introduced grasses and legumes). Avian abundance in crop fields
and native prairie was higher during periods of incomplete snow
cover than during periods with 100% snow cover, while the reverse
was true for restored prairie and CP2 sites. The variety of
habitats used by grassland birds during winter should be taken into
account when management plans are being developed for these
species.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
121. Avian abundance, composition, and
reproductive success on Conservation Reserve Program fields in
northern Missouri.
McCoy, T. D.
Columbia, MO: University of
Missouri, 1996.
Notes: M.S. Thesis
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ Missouri
Abstract: Studied various avian species
abundance, composition, and reproductive success in different
grassland types (CP1 vs. CP2) in northern Missouri.
122. Avian abundance in CRP and crop fields
during winter in the midwest.
Best, Louis B; Campa, Henry; Kemp,
Kenneth E; Robel, Robert J; Ryan, Mark R; Savidge, Julie; Weeks,
Harmon P Jr; and Winterstein, Scott R
American Midland
Naturalist 139 (2): 311-324.
(1998)
NAL Call #:
410 M58; ISSN: 0003-0031
Descriptors:
dark eyed junco (Passeriformes)/
horned lark (Passeriformes)/ lapland longspur (Passeriformes)/
meadowlark (Passeriformes)/ mourning dove (Columbiformes)/ northern
bobwhite (Galliformes)/ ring necked pheasant (Galliformes)/
American goldfinch (Passeriformes)/ American tree sparrow
(Passeriformes)/ Canada goose (Anseriformes)/ European starling
(Passeriformes)/ Animals/ Birds/ Chordates/ Nonhuman Vertebrates/
Vertebrates/ crop fields/ species abundance/ species composition/
winter/ Conservation Reserve Program
Abstract: We compared the abundance and species
composition of birds in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields
with the same aspects in row-crop fields during the winter (January
and February) over several years (1992-1995) for six Midwestern
states (Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri and Nebraska).
Field techniques were standardized in all states. CRP fields
consisted of either permanent introduced grasses and legumes (CP1)
or permanent native grasses (CP2), and the plant species seeded in
CRP fields differed within and among states. Vegetation
characteristics of CRP fields varied considerably from state to
state, but vertical density and total canopy cover (primarily
grasses) were particularly high in Nebraska. Mean annual total bird
abundance ranged from 0.1 to 5.1 birds per km of transect in CRP
fields and from 0.1 to 24.2 in row-crop fields. The total number of
bird species recorded in CRP fields in the six states ranged from 6
to 32; the range for row-crop fields was 8 to 18. The most abundant
species in CRP fields differed among states but included the
ring-necked pheasant, American tree sparrow, northern bobwhite,
dark-eyed junco and American goldfinch. The most abundant species
in row-crop fields included the horned lark, American tree sparrow,
European starling, mourning dove, lapland longspur, meadowlarks and
Canada goose. Some of the most abundant bird species wintering on
CRP fields have been undergoing long-term population declines, thus
this program has the potential to mitigate population
losses.
© Thomson
123. Avian community structure, reproductive
success, vegetative structure, and food availability in burned CRP
Fields and grazed pastures in northeastern Kansas.
Klute, D. S.
Manhattan, KS: Kansas State
University, 1994.
Notes: M.S. Thesis
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ Kansas
Abstract: Compared avian community structure
and reproductive success, food availability, and vegetative
structure in CRP grasslands in northern Kansas that were grazed and
burned.
124. Avian Population Trends Within the
Evolving Agricultural Landscape of Eastern and Central United
States.
Murphy, MT
Auk 120 (1): 20-34. (Jan. 2003)
NAL Call #:
413.8 AU4; ISSN: 0004-8038
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
Migratory Birds/ CRP Fields/ Nesting Success/ Breeding Birds/ North
America/ Habitat/ Grassland/ Abundance/ Songbirds
Abstract: State-level Breeding Bird Survey
(1980-1998) and U.S. Department of Agriculture statistics were used
to test the hypothesis that changes in agricultural land use within
the eastern and central U.S. have driven population trends of
grassland and shrub habitat birds over the past two decades. The
degree to which population trends differed between grassland and
shrub habitats was evaluated with respect to migratory and nesting
behavior. Grassland birds declined significantly between 1980 and
1999, but, on average, shrub habitat species did not.
Grassland-breeding, long-distance migrants exhibited the strongest
negative trends. Most species (78%; n = 63) exhibited at least one
significant association between population trends and changes in
agricultural land use, and in most, land use "explained" 25-30% of
the variation in population trends among states. Changes in the
farmland landscape accounted for more of the interstate variability
of population trends of short-distance migrants than of both long-
distance migrants and residents, and that variability was greater
in grassland than shrub species. Declines in the area of rangeland
and cover crops were followed by population declines and increases,
respectively, by many species. Increases of land in the
Conservation Reserve Program had negative associations with
population trends of some shrub species. The results indicate that
grassland birds have declined strongly over the past two decades,
and that regardless of migratory behavior or nesting habits, avian
population trends are linked strongly to changes in agricultural
land use within North America.
© Thomson ISI
125. Avian response to landscape change in
fragmented southern Great Plains grasslands.
Coppedge, Bryan R.; Engle, David
M.; Masters, Ronald E.; and Gregory, Mark S.
Ecological
Applications 11 (1): 47-59.
(2001)
NAL Call #:
QH540.E23; ISSN: 1051-0761
Descriptors:
bird communities/ neotropical
migrant species/ conservation/ aerial photography/ Juniperus spp/
plains/ prairies/ agricultural conservation programs
Abstract: We examined the dynamics of avian
communities associated with fragmented grasslands in Oklahoma USA,
using long-term (1965-1995) raw (stop-level) data from the Breeding
Bird Survey (BBS). Aerial photography was used to document changes
in land cover type and landscape pattern as affected by woody plant
(mostly Juniperus virginiana L.) encroachment and concurrent
cropland conversions to agricultural grassland under the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Rank trend analysis identified
species with significant population trends, and canonical
correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to identify important
environmental gradients froma group of descriptive habitat
variables that included land cover type composition and indices of
vegetation cover, landscape pattern, and grassland patch structure.
Avian community structure shifted along gradients of increasing
woody plant cover and indicators of continuing landscape
fragmentation. Open-habitat generalists, woodland, and successional
scrub species generally increased, whereas many grassland species
decreased. In some instances, neotropical migrants responded
positively to increasing woody vegetation. Some grassland birds
also showed a positive response to increases in agricultural
grassland, but only in areas of severe juniper encroachment. Most
grassland species exhibited consistent declines related to the
influx of woody vegetation and associated landscape changes. Woody
plant encroachment into southern Great Plains grasslands already
fragmented by agricultural activity represents a conservation
management dilemma. Although woody vegetation in remnant native
prairies may provide habitat for some declining neotropical
migrants that require shrubby areas, grassland structure and
suitability is compromised for many declining grassland-endemic
birds. Cropland conversion to agricultural grassland does appear to
provide suitable for some grassland species. However, this benefit
appears to be limited to areas where woody plant invasion into
grasslands is relatively advanced, and may have only a temporary
effect, as most CRP areas are likely to return to agricultural
production in the near future. Changes are needed in grassland
management practices to restrict woody plant encroachment and
fragmentation; otherwise, continued declines in grassland bird
populations can be expected.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
126. Avian use and vegetation characteristics
of Conservation Reserve Program fields.
Delisle, Jennifer M. and Savidge,
Julie A.
Journal of Wildlife
Management 61
(2): 318-325. (1997)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X
Descriptors:
bobolinks (Passeriformes)/ common
yellowthroat (Passeriformes)/ dickcissels (Passeriformes)/
grasshopper sparrow (Passeriformes) / ring necked pheasant
(Galliformes)/ American tree sparrow (Passeriformes)/ Ammodramus
savannarum (Passeriformes)/ Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Passeriformes)/
Geothlypis trichas (Passeriformes)/ Phasianus colchicus
(Galliformes)/ Spiza americana (Passeriformes)/ Spizella arborea
(Passeriformes)/ Sturnella spp. (Passeriformes)/ animals/ birds/
chordates/ nonhuman vertebrates/ vertebrates/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ fields/ meadowlarks / seasonality/ species abundance/
vegetation structure/ wildlife management
Abstract: We compared avian use of Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) fields enrolled in the CP1 (cool-season
grasses and legumes) and CP2 (warm-season native grasses) options
in southeastern Nebraska from 1991 to 1995. In winter and in the
breeding season CP2 fields had taller, denser vegetation than CP1
fields. However, total bird abundance did not differ between CP1
and CP2 fields (P = 0.47). Dickcissels (Spiza americana) and
grasshopper sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) were the most abundant
species during the breeding season although population numbers
varied among years (P lt 0.001). Dickcissels and grasshopper
sparrows showed no differences in abundance between CPs, but
dickcissels were associated with tall, dense vegetation and
grasshopper sparrows with sparser vegetation and a shallow litter
layer. Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) were more abundant on CP1
fields (P = 0.001), and common yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas)
and sedge wrens (Cistothorus platensis) were more abundant on CP2
fields (P = 0.001 and P = 0.05). Average winter abundances did not
change over years (P = 0.90). American tree sparrows (Spizella
arborea) and ring- necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) were the
most abundant species during winter and were more abundant on CP2
fields (P lt 0.05). Meadowlarks (Sturnella spp.) were more abundant
on CP1 fields in winter (P lt 0.05).
© Thomson
127. Avian use of fields enrolled in the
Conservation Reserve Program in southeast Nebraska.
Delisle, Jennifer M.
Lincoln, Nebraska: University of
Nebraska, 1995.
Notes: Thesis (M.S.);
Includes bibliographical
references.
NAL Call #: NBU LD3656-1995-D455
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program---United States/ Birds---Habitat---Nebraska
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
128. Big bluestem evaluations in the Eastern
Plains.
Moyer, J. L.; Fine, G.; and
Walker, J.
In: Report of progress: Kansas
Agricultural Experiment Station, 606; Manhattan, Kan.: Agricultural
Experiment Station, Kansas State College of Agriculture and Applied
Science, 1990. 9 p.
Notes: ISSN: 1061-7841
NAL Call #: 100-K133P
Descriptors:
andropogon gerardii/ cultivars/
forage/ comparisons / agronomic characteristics/ crop yield/ crude
protein/ digestibility/ conservation areas/ weather data/ Kansas/
Oklahoma/ Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
129. Bird abundance and nesting in CRP fields
and cropland in the midwest: A regional approach.
Best, Louis B; Campa, Henry; Kemp,
Kenneth E; Robel, Robert J; Ryan, Mark R; Savidge, Julie; Weeks,
Harmon P Jr; and Winterstein, Scott R
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 25 (4): 864-877.
(1997)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648
Descriptors:
nest predation/ nesting success/
rowcrop field/ species abundance/ vegetational structure/
Conservation Reserve Program/ Agelaius phoeniceus [red winged
blackbird] (Passeriformes)/ Ammodramus savannarum [grasshopper
sparrow] (Passeriformes)/ Spiza americana [dickcissel]
(Passeriformes)
Abstract: We compared the abundance and nesting
success of avian species in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
fields during the summer with that in rowcrop fields over 5 years
(1991-1995) for 6 Midwestern states (Ind., Ia., Kans., Mich., Mo.,
and Nebr.). Field techniques were standardized in all states. CRP
fields consisted of either perennial introduced grasses and legumes
(CP1) or perennial native grasses (CP2), and the plant species
seeded in CRP fields differed within and among the states.
Disturbances to CRP fields included mowing (partial or complete),
application of herbicides, and burning. The height, vertical
density, and canopy coverage of vegetation in CRP fields were
measured in each state; values for these measurements were
particularly low in Kansas. Mean annual total bird abundance in CRP
fields ranged from 4.9 to 29.3 birds/km of transect. The most
abundant species on CRP fields differed among states but included
red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), grasshopper sparrows
(Ammodramus savannarum), and dickcissels (Spiza americana).
Although the total number of bird species was similar in CRP and
rowcrop fields across the region, bird abundance was 1.4-10.5 times
greater in the former. Nests of 33 bird species were found in CRP
fields compared with only 10 species in rowcrop fields, and the
number of nests found was 13.5 times greater in CRP fields. Nest
success in CRP fields was 40% overall; predation was the greatest
cause of nest failure. Long-term farm set-aside programs that
establish perennial grass cover, such as the CRP, seem to provide
many benefits for grassland birds, including several species for
which conservation is a great concern.
© Thomson
130. Bird abundance and nesting success in Iowa
CRP fields: The importance of vegetation structure and
composition.
Patterson, Matthew P and Best, L
B
American Midland
Naturalist 135 (1): 153-167.
(1996)
NAL Call #:
410 M58; ISSN: 0003-0031
Descriptors:
passerine (Passeriformes)/ Aves
(Aves Unspecified) / Plantae (Plantae Unspecified)/ animals/ birds/
chordates/ nonhuman vertebrates/ plants / vertebrates/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ land management practice
Abstract: Bird use of Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) and row-crop fields was studied in central Iowa from May
through July 1991-1993. Thirty-three bird species were recorded in
CRP fields and 34 in row-crop fields. The most abundant species in
both habitats was the red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus),
accounting for 35% of all birds in CRP and 24% in row-crop fields.
The dickcissel (Spiza americana), grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus
savannarum), bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), common yellowthroat
(Geothypis trichas), brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater),
savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) and ring-necked
pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) were the next most abundant species
in CRP plots. The horned lark (Eremophila alpestris), vesper
sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus) and brownheaded cowbird were the next
most abundant species in row-crop fields. Nests of 16 bird species
were found in CRP fields, with red-winged blackbirds accounting for
48% of all nests found. The vesper sparrow and horned lark were the
only species nesting in row-crop fields. The major cause of nest
loss for all species was predation, accounting for 52% of all nest
loss in CRP fields and 65% in row-crop fields. Mammals accounted
for 89, 88 and 85% of the predation on grasshopper sparrow,
red-winged blackbird and dickcissel nests, respectively. The
Conservation Reserve Program has likely contributed to an increase
in the abundance of many bird species in central Iowa, inasmuch as
the row-crop habitat that it replaced has lower bird abundance and
supports fewer nesting species. The vegetation structure and
composition of CRP fields in central Iowa are diverse, resulting in
differences in the bird species communities using these fields. The
effects of several land-management practices are discussed relative
to bird species composition and nesting success.
© Thomson
131. Bird Abundance and Success in
CRP.
Mccoy, T.
In: 62nd Midwest Fish and Wildlife
Conference.
(Held 3 Dec 2000-6 Dec 2000 at
Minneapolis. MN (USA).); 2001.
Notes: Paper No. 307; Conference Sponsor: NCD-AFS;
World Meeting Number 000 5249
Descriptors:
Aquatic Science/ Biology/
Environmental Science
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
132. Birds and the Conservation Reserve
Program: A retrospective study.
Lauber, T. B.
Orono, Me.: University of Maine,
1991.
Notes: Thesis (M.S.) in Wildlife Management.
Bibliography: leaves 243-248. Includes vita.
NAL Call #: MeU Univ.-1991-L38
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program U.S/
Bird populations Effect of agricultural conservation on
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
133. Breeding bird composition and species
relative abundance patterns on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
land in Western Minnesota.
Hanowski, JoAnn M.
Loon 67 (1): 12-16. (1995).
Notes: WR 252
Descriptors:
communities/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ conservation programs/ birds/ North America/ United
States/ Minnesota/ Minnesota, western
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
134. Changes in Breeding Bird Populations with
Habitat Restoration in Northern Iowa.
Fletcher, RJ and Koford,
RR
American Midland
Naturalist 150 (1):
83-94. (July 2003)
NAL Call #:
410 M58; ISSN: 0003-0031
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
Grassland Birds/ Avian Communities/ Area Sensitivity/ Prairie
Wetlands/ Natural Wetlands/ Abundance/ Management/ Dakota/
Fields
Abstract: Native tallgrass prairie and wetland
habitat in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States have
declined over the past two centuries. Bird communities using these
habitats have also experienced widespread declines that are often
attributed to severe habitat loss and fragmentation. We estimated
the change, or turnover, in bird populations in the Eagle Lake
Wetland Complex, Iowa, with ongoing grassland and wetland
restoration by linking geographic information system data and bird
surveys in different land cover types (hayland, pasture, restored
grassland, restored wetland and rowcrop agriculture) during the
1999-2001 breeding seasons. Habitat restoration efforts primarily
converted rowcrop agriculture and pastures into grassland and
wetland habitat. Based on land conversion, abundances of most
species have likely increased in the area, including many species
of management concern. Yet a few species, such as killdeer
(Charadrius vociferus), have probably decreased in abundance. This
estimation approach and these estimates provided a critical first
step for evaluating restoration efforts; however, information on
demographic parameters, such as nesting success, in restored areas
is needed for understanding how restoration ultimately affects bird
populations.
© Thomson ISI
135. A comparison of Conservation Reserve
Program habitat plantings with respect to arthropod prey for
grassland birds.
McIntyre, N. E. and Thompson, T.
R.
American Midland
Naturalist 150 (2): 291-301.
(2003)
NAL Call #:
410 M58; ISSN: 0003-0031.
Notes: Number of References: 64
Descriptors:
Environment/ Ecology/ Texas High
Plains/ North American grassland/ population trends/ CRP fields/
community structure/ avian abundance/ nestling diet/ vegetation/
Coleoptera/ landscape
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
was designed to reduce soil erosion and curb agricultural
overproduction by converting highly erodible agricultural land to
various forms of perennial habitat. It has had an incidental
benefit of providing habitat for wildlife and has been beneficial
in reversing population declines of several grassland bird species.
However, the mechanisms behind these reversals remain unknown. One
such mechanism may be differences in food availability on CRP vs.
non-CRP land or between different types of CRP. The influence of
CRP habitat type on the abundance of arthropod prey used by
grassland birds has not been previously explored. We compared the
abundance and diversity of arthropods among four CRP habitat types
in Texas [replicated plots of exotic lovegrass (Eragrostis
curvula), Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum), mixed native
grasses with buffalograss (Buchlo dactyloides) and mixed native
grasses without buffalograss] and native shortgrass prairie.
Attention was focused on adult and juvenile spiders (Order
Araneae), beetles (Coleoptera), orthopterans (Orthroptera:
grasshoppers and crickets) and lepidopterans (Lepidoptera:
butterflies and moths), as these taxa are the primary prey items of
grassland birds during the breeding season. Arthropod diversity and
abundance were higher on indigenous prairie compared to CRP,
reflecting differences in vegetative diversity and structure, but
there were no differences in arthropod richness or abundance among
CRP types. These results indicate that, although CRP is not
equivalent to native prairie in terms of vegetation or arthropod
diversity, CRP lands do support arthropod prey for grassland birds.
More direct assays of the survivorship and fitness of birds on CRP
compared to native shortgrass prairie are clearly
warranted.
© Thomson ISI
136. A comparison of soil fertility between
semi-natural and agricultural plant communities: Implications for
the creation of species-rich grassland on abandoned agricultural
land.
Gough, M. W. and Marrs, R.
H.
Biological Conservation 51
(2): 83-96. (1990)
NAL Call #:
S900.B5; ISSN: 0006-3207
Descriptors:
grasslands/ agricultural
ecosystems/ forests/ phosphorus/ old fields/ soil fertility/
comparison/ Soil
Abstract: Soils were collected from a number of
community types including semi-natural grassland, scrub, woodland,
arable fields and improved grassland on various parent substrates
and their fertility assessed by chemical analysis and plant
bioassay techniques. Under glasshouse conditions, the main limiting
factor to plant growth on the soils collected was the availability
of P. Levels of extractable P in the arable soils, improved
grassland soils and in some of the scrub and woodland soils
collected were found to be significantly higher than in adjacent,
semi-natural grassland soils. It may therefore be necessary to
reduce the availability of P in the soil before species-rich
grassland can be successfully established and maintained on old
field sites produced by "set-aside" or extensification schemes, and
in conservation management programmes where late successional
vegetation is removed.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (CSA)
137. A comprehensive review of Farm Bill
contributions to wildlife conservation, 1985-2000.
Heard, L. P; Hohman, W. L.;
Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management Institute
(U.S.)
Madison, MS: USDA, NRCS, 2000.
Notes: "Technical Report, USDA/NRCS/WHMI-2000."
"December 2000."
Includes bibliographical
references.
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
Agricultural law and
legislation---United States/ Agricultural conservation---Government
policy---United States/ Wildlife habitat improvement---United
States/ Wetland agriculture
Abstract: Contents: Conservation
compliance and wetlands conservation provisions of the Omnibus Farm
Acts of 1985, 1990, and 1996 / Stephen J. Brady; Grassland bird use
of Conservation Reserve Program fields in the Great Plains /
Douglas H. Johnson; Waterfowl responses to the Conservation Reserve
Program in the Northern Great Plains / Ronald E. Reynolds; Impact
of the Conservation Reserve Program on wildlife conservation in the
Midwest / Mark R. Ryan; Wildlife responses to the Conservation
Reserve Program in the Southeast / Wes Burger; The value of buffer
habitats for birds in agricultural landscapes / Louis B. Best;
Biological responses to wetland restoration: Implications for
wildlife habitat development through the Wetlands Reserve Program /
Charlie Rewa; Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program: A summary of
accomplishments, 1998-1999 / Ed Hackett; Environmental Quality
Incentives Program: Program summary and potential for wildlife
benefits / Anthony Esser, Robert T. Molleur, Paige Buck, Charlie
Rewa; Wildlife responses to wetland restoration and creation: An
annotated bibliography / Charlie Rewa; An annotated bibliography
for wildlife responses to the Conservation Reserve Program / Arthur
W. Allen
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
138. Conducting a financial analysis of quail
hunting within the Conservation Reserve Program.
Williams, C. F. and Mjelde, J.
W.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 22 (2):
233-241. (Summer 1994)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648 [WLSBA6]
Descriptors:
colinus virginianus/ hunting/
economic analysis/ federal programs/ Texas
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
139. The Conservation Reserve Program: A
wildlife conservation legacy.
Rude, Kathleen. and Wildlife
Management Institute.
Washington, D.C.: Wildlife
Management Institute, 1994. 15 p.: ill., map
Notes: Original title: "The Conservation Reserve
Program: A wildlife conservation legacy --- America needs the
Conservation Reserve Program";
"October, 1994."
NAL Call #: S624.A1C67--1994
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program---United States/ Soil conservation---Government
policy---United States/ Wildlife conservation---United
States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
140. The Conservation Reserve Program and
grassland birds.
Johnson, D. H. and Schwartz, M.
D.
Conservation Biology
7 (4): 934-937. (1993)
NAL Call #:
QH75.A1C5; ISSN: 0888-8892
Descriptors:
Aves/ grasslands/ environmental
restoration/ habitat utilization/ government policy/ United States/
Birds
Abstract: Several bird species that breed in the
temperate grasslands of North America, many of which winter in the
Neotropics, declined in abundance during the past quarter century.
The Lark Bunting (see Table 1 for scientific names) and Grasshopper
Sparrow, as examples, declined by about half during that period, as
indexed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Breeding Bird
Survey. Populations of other grassland species have also diminished
steadily, if not as spectacularly. Why so many species declined is
not known, but continued conversion of perennial grassland to
annually tilled cropland is a suspected cause. A test of this
possibility is offered by the Conservation Reserve Program, a
program of the United States Department of Agriculture that caused
the reversion of millions of hectares of marginal cropland to
perennial grassland. We evaluated the use by breeding birds of
selected Program fields in eastern Montana, North Dakota, South
Dakota, and western Minnesota. These four states have about four
million hectares of land enrolled in the Program.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
141. The Conservation Reserve Program and
northern bobwhite population trends in Illinois.
Roseberry, J. L. and David, L.
M.
Transactions of the
Illinois State Academy of Science 87 (1-2): 61-70. (1994); ISSN: 0019-2252
Descriptors:
Colinus virginianus/ population
status/ land use/ agricultural ecosystems/ Illinois/ Management/
Birds/ United States
Abstract: We examined 3 indexes of Northern
Bobwhite abundance in Illinois at various geographic scales to
determine possible relationships with the Conservation Reserve
Program. Over 256,000 ha were enrolled in the CRP during the first
9 signup periods (1986-1990). About 87% of this land was in CP-1
vegetation (introduced cool-season grasses and legumes). Male
bobwhite call counts in some parts of the state may have been
positively related to amounts of CRP land. However, there was no
strong evidence that autumn population densities increased as a
result of the program. Positive CRP effects on local bobwhite
habitat in some areas were probably offset by neutral or negative
effects in others. We discuss possible reasons why potential
benefits of the CRP for Northern Bobwhite have not been fully
realized.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
142. The Conservation Reserve Program and
wildlife habitat in the southeastern United States.
Carmichael, D. Breck
Jr.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 25 (4): 773-775.
(1997)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648
Descriptors:
conservation programs/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ habitat management/ management/ wildlife/ North
America/ United States/ United States,
Southeastern
Abstract: The author provides a history of the
Conservation Reserve Program in the southeastern United States. A
recent cooperative study by the International Association of Fish
and Wildlife Agencies and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
conducted between 1988 and 1992 showed no significant, long-term
enhancement of habitat attributable to the CRP in the Southeast.
The author discusses reasons for this lack of success in this
region.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
143. Conservation Reserve Program: Benefit for
Grassland Birds in the Northern Plains.
Reynolds, R. E.; Shaffer, T. L.;
Sauer, J. R.; and Peterjohn, B. G.
Transactions of the 59th
North American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference
: 328-336. (1994); ISSN: 0078-1355
Descriptors:
birds/ conservation programs/
ducks/ grassland/ nests and nesting/ waterfowl/ abundance/ cover,
nesting/ policies and programs/ statistics/ North Dakota/ South
Dakota/ Conservation Reserve Program/ Upland Nesting/ Nest Success/
Waterfowl Production Areas/ Breeding Bird Surveys/ Population
Trends/ Grasslands/ North America/ United States/ North Dakota/
South Dakota/ northern plains
Abstract: The importance of the Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) to upland- nesting ducks and certain other
grassland-nesting birds was investigated. For ducks, nest success
in CRP cover was compared with nest success in planted cover on
waterfowl production areas in the same period (1992-93) and with
that of an earlier period (1980-84). For nonwaterfowl, North
American Breeding Bird Survey data were used to compare trends in
populations of certain species found in CRP, for the Periods
1966-86 (pre-CRP establishment) and 1987-92 (post-CRP cover
establishment) in North Dakota.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
144. Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
contributions to avian habitat.
Allen, A. W.
In: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Federal Aid Report, National Biological Survey; Fort Collins, CO:
National Ecology Research Center, 1994.
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
United States
Abstract: Discussed characteristics of CRP
contracts with greatest potential benefits, landscape planning, and
management recommendations.
145. The Conservation Reserve Program: Good for
birds of many feathers.
Kantrud, H. A.; Koford, R. R.;
Johnson, D. H.; and Schwartz, M. D.
North Dakota
Outdoors 56(2): 14-17.
(1993)
Descriptors:
State conservation programs/ North
Dakota
Abstract: Examined avian species' use and
population trends on CRP land in North Dakota.
146. Conservation Reserve Program: Source or
sink habitat for grassland birds in Missouri?
McCoy, Timothy D.; Ryan, Mark
R.;
Kurzejeski, Eric W.; and Burger,
Loren W. Jr.
Journal of Wildlife
Management 63
(2): 530-538. (1999)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X.
Notes: Project Number: MO W-013-R
Descriptors:
Fringillidae/ Passeriformes/
Agelaius phoeniceus/ Ammodramus savannarum/ Carduelis
tristis/ Geothlypis trichas/ Spiza americana/ Spizella pusilla/
Sturnella magna/ behavior/ birds/ communities/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ ecosystems/ fecundity/ grasslands/ habitat management/
management/ nests/ nesting/ species diversity/ wildlife/ wildlife/
habitat relationships/ wild birds/ wildlife conservation/ federal
programs/ Missouri/ Natural Resources/ Land Development, Land
Reform, and Utilization (Macroeconomics)/ conservation programs/
grassland/ habitat/ reproduction/ nests and nesting/ statistics/
wildlife habitat relationships/ population dynamics/ grasshopper
sparrow/ field sparrow/ eastern meadowlark/ American goldfinch /
common yellowthroat/ dickcissel/ red winged blackbird/ North
America/ United States/ Missouri/ Missouri, Northcentral/ Knox
County/ Macon County/
Linn County
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
has been credited with contributing substantially to the
conservation of grassland birds. Although many species have nested
on grasslands established under the CRP, little evidence of
positive effect on populations has been reported. We measured
reproductive rates and estimated fecundity of 7 grassland bird
species in CRP fields in northern Missouri and compared those rates
to estimates of fecundity needed to maintain stable populations
(lambda = 1). Under conservative assumptions of survival CRP fields
seemingly were source habitats (fecundity exceeded levels necessary
for lambda = 1 for grasshopper sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) and
field sparrows (Spizella pusilla) in at least 2 of 3 years, 1995 P
= 0.02, 1995 P < 0.001) and pooled over 3 years (Ps < 0.001).
Although evidence was less compelling CRP fields were likely source
habitat for eastern meadowlarks (Sturnella magna) and American
goldfinches (Carduelis tristis). For American goldfinches,
fecundity was greater than that necessary of lambda = 1 in 1995 (P
< 0.001), and pooled over 3 years (< 0.001). Our pooled
estimate of fecundity was greater than necessary for lambda = 1 for
eastern meadowlarks (Ps < 0.001), but only under a liberal
assumption of survival in 2 of 3 years (1993: P = 0.001; 1995: P =
0.088). Fecundity of common yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas)
varied substantially; therefore, source-sink status alternated
among years, although the pooled estimate of fecundity was less
than required for lambda = 1 (P < 0.001). Dickcissel (Spiza
americana) fecundity was consistently less than necessary for
lambda = 1 (conservative survival assumption; all Ps < 0.001;
liberal survival assumption: 1994 P = 0.009, pooled P = 0.014). For
red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), CRP fields were
consistently a sink habitat (all Ps < 0.001). Based on our
evidence, the CRP likely has contributed to the conservation of
grasshopper sparrows, field sparrows, and eastern meadowlarks.
Although large numbers of dickcissels and red-winged blackbirds
nested in CRP fields, there is little evidence that the CRP has
contributed to populations of those species.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
147. Conserving biological diversity and the
Conservation Reserve Program.
Szentandrasi, S.; Polasky, S.;
Berrens, R.; and Leonard, J.
Growth Change 26 (3): 383-404. (1995)
NAL Call #:
HT390.G74; ISSN: 0017-4815 [GRCHDH].
Notes: Published: Lexington, Ky., College of Business
and Economics, University of Kentucky; In the special issue:
Wilderness areas. Paper presented at the conference, "Wilderness
areas, regional planning, and the quality of life" held October 8,
1994.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
148. Le Conte's Sparrows Breeding in
Conservation Reserve Program Fields: Precipitation and Patterns of
Population Change.
Igl, L. D. and Johnson, D.
H.
In: Ecology and Conservation of
Grassland Birds of the Western Hemisphere/ Vickery, P. D. and
Herkert, J. R.; Series: Studies in Avian Biology 19,
1999;
pp. 178-186
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
Regional conservation programs/ Great Plains
Abstract: Discussed pattern of population
change in Le Conte's Sparrows associated with changes in
precipitation and moisture condition.
149. Contributions of the Conservation Reserve
Program to populations of breeding birds in North
Dakota.
Johnson, Douglas H and Igl,
Lawrence D
Wilson Bulletin
107 (4): 709-718. (1995)
NAL Call #:
413.8 W692; ISSN: 0043-5643
Descriptors:
Aves (Aves Unspecified)/ animals/
birds/ chordates/ nonhuman vertebrates/ vertebrates/ habitat/ North
American Breeding Bird Survey
Abstract: Previous studies have shown that habitat
provided by the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), a feature of
the 1985 farm bill. is used by many birds. The present study
quantitatively assesses the importance of the CRP by estimating
changes in breeding-bird populations of North Dakota projected if
CRP land would revert to cultivation. Of 18 species that were
common in CRP or crop fields or both, 12 were more abundant in CRP
habitats. Six of these species had suffered significant population
declines during 1967-1990. according to the North American Breeding
Bird Survey. In contrast, none of the six species that were more
common in cropland than in CRP fields had declined significantly.
Termination of the Conservation Reserve Program and a return of
enrolled land to cultivation is projected to cause population
declines in North Dakota exceeding 17% for Sedge Wren (Cistothorus
platensis), Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Savannah
Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), Dickcissel (Spiza americana),
and Lark Bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys).
© Thomson
150. Cooperative Upland Wildlife Research.
Impacts of Farm Programs on Bobwhites: ACR and CRP Seedings as
Bobwhite Nesting and Brood-rearing Habitat.
Roseberry, J. L.
In: Illinois Department of
Conservation 1992. 29 pp.; Final Report, 1992.
Notes: Project Number: IL W-106-R/Job 4.1A/Study
4
Descriptors:
Colinus virginianus/ bobwhite/
seeding/ habitat management for wildlife/ farms/ habitat/ nests and
nesting/ broods and brooding/ utilization/ cultivated farmland/
policies and programs/ transect survey/ vegetation/ cover, nesting/
population density/ North America/ United States/ Illinois/ Jasper
County
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
151. Cover quality of Conservation Reserve
Program grasslands in Minnesota, USA.
Haroldson, K.; Kimmel, R.; and
Riggs, M.
Gibier Faune Sauvage
15 (4): 501-516. (1998);
ISSN: 0761-9243.
Notes: Numero Special Tome 1
Descriptors:
Phasianus colchicus (Phasianidae)/
Sturnella (Icteridae)/ Farming and agriculture/ Conservation
measures/ Conservation Reserve Programme/ Breeding site/ Grassland,
cover quality/ South central Minnesota/ Grassland cover quality/
Conservation Reserve Programme fields/ Birds/ Chordates/
Vertebrates
© Thomson
152. Cover Types Planted on Illinois CP-1 CRP
Fields.
David, L. M.; Warner, R. E.; and
Roseberry, J. L.
Gibson City, IL: Department of
Conservation, Div. Of Wildlife Resources; PB96138318XSP, 1992. 38
p.
Notes: Administrative Report. Prepared in cooperation
with Illinois Natural History Survey, Center for Wildlife Ecology,
Champaign, IL and Southern Illinois Univ. at Carbondale,
Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory; Sponsored by Fish and
Wildlife Restoration Program, Washington, DC
Descriptors:
Illinois / Farmers/ Birds/
Habitats/ Tables Data/ Grasses/ Legumes/ Conservation Reserve
Program CRP/ Agriculture and food/ Agricultural equipment
facilities and operations/ Natural resources and earth sciences/
Natural resource management
Abstract: Illinois farmers enrolled in the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) entered 87% of CRP acres in the
introduced grass and legume practice (CP-1). We determined
vegetative cover planted by farm operators on fields enrolled in
CP-1 by examining files at 87 USDA county offices in Illinois. In a
sample of 2,472 CP-1 fields from the first 9 enrollment periods,
orchard grass was the most commonly planted species; in all,
landowners planted 26 species of grasses and legumes on Illinois
CP-1 fields. Farmers seeded mixtures of smooth brome and alfalfa on
49% (106,609 acres) in the Illinois range of the ring-necked
pheasant. We judge 204,820 acres (95% of CP-1) in the pheasant
range to be suitable pheasant nest cover if unmowed. Farm operators
planted mixtures containing Korean lespedeza on 138,944 acres (30%)
of CP-1 in the range of the northern bobwhite; bobwhite range
farmers planted 95,579 acres (21%) with tall fescue. We judge
240,568 acres (52%) in the quail range to be suitable bobwhite nest
cover for a limited time if unmowed. We provide recommendations for
CRP cover management for pheasant and bobwhite habitat.
153. CRP land and game bird production in the
Texas High Plains.
Berthelsen, P. S.; Smith, L. M.;
and Coffman, C. L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 44 (5):
504-507. (1989)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
agricultural practices/ game
management/ Aves/ Texas / government policy/ conservation/
Conservation/ Birds/ Management/ United States
Abstract: Soil Conservation Service personnel were
surveyed about the land enrolled in the Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) in the Southern High Plains of Texas (71 counties,
903,215 ha). Information included type of cover established, land
enrolled, establishment success, and cost of establishment for five
conservation practices (CP1, 2, 4, 10, 12). Land in permanent
introduced grasses (CP1) and permanent native grasses (CP2)
accounted for 98% of the total CRP land. Establishment costs for
the most common cover types averaged $142.90/ha ($57.85/acre).
Establishment success was 87%. Ring-necked pheasant and waterfowl
production in a four-county area was estimated on selected CRP
grass combinations (blue grama /side-oats grama mixtures, blue
grama/Kleingrass mixtures, and blue grama/old world bluestem
mixtures) using 1988 nesting information and land enrollment
figures. Estimated pheasant production was 174,204 chicks/year.
Water-fowl production was estimated at 1,426
ducklings/year.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
154. CRP, succession, and Brewer's sparrows:
Advantages of a long-term, federal land retirement
program.
Igl, Lawrence D. and Murphy, Lisa
A.
South Dakota Bird
Notes 48 (3): 69-70.
(1996);
ISSN: 0038-3252
Descriptors:
Fringillidae/ Passeriformes/
Spizella breweri/ behavior/ birds/ breeding/ conservation
programs/ Conservation Reserve Program/ distribution/ ecosystems/
grasslands/ habitat use/ home range/ territory/ range extension/
succession/ vocalization/ Brewer's sparrow/ artemisa/ Artemisia
spp/ North America/ United States/ South Dakota: Butte
County
Abstract: Brewer's sparrows have extended their
breeding range to the grasslands created by the Conservation
Reserve Program in Butte County, South Dakota. These grasslands
provide habitat for sagebrush nesting and other shrubland bird
species.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
155. The CRP & wildlife habitat.
Bucklin, R.
Agricultural Outlook
[AO] (162): 30-31. (Apr.
1990)
NAL Call #:
aHD1751.A42; ISSN: 0099-1066
Descriptors:
wildlife/ habitats/ land
management/ farm surveys/ farm income/ United States/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ farm costs and returns surveys
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
156. Declining survival of ring-necked pheasant
chicks in Illinois during the late 1900s.
Warner, Richard E.; Mankin, Philip
C.; David, Larry M.; and Etter, Stanley L.
Journal of Wildlife
Management 63
(2): 705-710. (1999)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X.
Notes: Project Number: IL W-103-R
Descriptors:
Galliformes/ Phasianidae/ Phasianus
colchicus/ agricultural practices/ behavior/ birds/ broods/
brooding/ census/ survey methods/ Conservation Reserve Program/
ecosystems/ fledglings/ habitat alterations/ habitat management/
land use/ management/ physiology/ survival/ transect surveys/
wildlife/ pheasant, ring necked/ cultivated farmland/ broods and
brooding/ transect survey/ statistics/ wildlife habitat
relationships/ changes detrimental to wildlife/ common pheasant/
juvenile/ conservation/ mortality/ agriculture/ ring necked
pheasant/ North America/ United States/ Ford County/
Illinois
Abstract: Previous studies indicated that survival
of ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) chicks during the
first 6 weeks of life declined from the early 1950s through early
1980s in Illinois with the expansion of corn and soybean production
and associated clean farming practices. From the early 1980s
through mid-1990s intensive row-crop production was moderated by
farm programs such as the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and
annual set-aside, which diverted millions of hectares of cropland
from production. We evaluated the survival of pheasant chicks in
Illinois in relation to these recent land-use practices.
Specifically, our objectives were to determine if there were
changes in chick survival during the 1980s and 1990s, and if there
were regional differences in chick survival related to land-use
practices. We observed 574 broods along transect road routes on the
Sibley Study Area (SSA) in eastcentral Illinois, and 964 broods on
routes throughout the pheasant range in Illinois. In spite of the
increase in potential brood habitat on set-aside farmland, chick
survival remained low from 1982 to 1996. For example, there was a
5-fold increase in the amount of forage legumes and small grains on
the SSA from 1987-91 compared to 1975-81, with the average number
of chicks per brood at 4.3 (1987-91) and 4.2 (1975-81). For survey
routes throughout the Illinois pheasant range, the number of grassy
fields (primarily narrow, linear tracts) in 1990 was positively
correlated (r~2~ = 0.15 P < 0.02, n = 37) with chicks per brood,
but this relation explained only 15% of the variation. The lack of
improvement in chick survival in recent decades relates to the
pervasive clean farming practices in the Illinois pheasant range.
Moreover, most of the set-aside land in the Illinois pheasant range
was under annual contract and seeded late to monotypic oats, which
is cover of marginal value to foraging pheasant chicks.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
157. Density and fledgling success of grassland
birds in Conservation Reserve Program fields in North Dakota and
west-central Minnesota.
Koford, R. R.
Studies in Avian Biology
19: 187-195. (1999)
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ Minnesota/ North Dakota
Abstract: Studied how CRP field habitat influences
grassland bird density and fledgling success.
158. Do artificial nests reveal meaningful
patterns of predation in Kansas grasslands?
Robel, R. J.; Hughes, J. P.;
Keane, T. D.; and Kemp, K. E.
Southwestern
Naturalist 48 (3): 460-464.
(2003)
NAL Call #:
409.6 So8; ISSN: 0038-4909.
Notes: Number of References: 37; Publisher:
Southwestern Assn Naturalists
Descriptors:
Environment/ Ecology/ duck nests/
success/ prairie/ fragmentation/ dickcissels/ habitats/ cropland/
density/ birds/ Iowa
Abstract: We determined the fates of artificial and
natural bird nests in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields in
northeastern Kansas from mid May through early August 1994. The CRP
fields had been planted to native grasses in 1988 or 1989.
Artificial nests contained Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) or
house sparrow (Passer domesticus) eggs in nest baskets in
bunchgrass clumps to simulate nests of dickcissels (Spiza
americana), the most common avian species nesting in the CRP
fields. Natural dickcissel nests were found by rope dragging and
intensive searches of the CRP fields. Losses among 562 artificial
nests did not differ by egg type; however, the 9.8% loss of
artificial nests was significantly lower than the 70.1% loss-level
among 97 natural dickcissel nests in those CRP fields. The daily
survival rate for artificial nests was 0.99, significantly more
than the 0.92 for natural dickcissel nests. An assessment of nest
depredation based on data from artificial nests might not be
representative of depredation on natural nests in
grasslands.
© Thomson ISI
159. Does habitat fragmentation influence nest
predation in the shortgrass prairie?
Howard MN; Skagen SK; and Kennedy
PL
Condor 103 (3): 530-536; 41 ref. (2001)
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
160. Duck nesting success on Conservation
Reserve Program land in the prairie pothole region.
Kantrud, H. A.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 48 (3):
238-242. (1993)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
Regional conservation programs/ Prairie Pothole region
Abstract: Studied duck nesting success in Waterfowl
Production Areas and CRP tracts.
161. The dynamics of nongame bird breeding
ecology in Iowa alfalfa fields.
Frawley, B. J.
Ames, IA: Iowa State University,
1989.
Notes: M.S. Thesis
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ Iowa
Abstract: Nesting, abundance, and density of
nongame birds in Iowa alfalfa fields were addressed and linked to
CRP.
162. Eastern meadowlarks nesting in rangelands
and Conservation Reserve Program fields in Kansas.
Granfors, D. A.; Church, K. E.;
and Smith, L. M.
Journal of Field
Ornithology 67 (2): 222-235.
(1996)
NAL Call #:
413.8 B534; ISSN: 0273-8570
Descriptors:
Sturnella magna/ nests/ site
selection/ rangelands / old fields/ ecosystem management/ Kansas/
Birds/ United States
Abstract: Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna)
nesting habitat was studied to make management recommendations for
fields enrolled in a federal land retirement program. We compared
available microhabitat, nest-site selection, and nest success on
rangelands and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields in eastern
Kansas. Daily nest survival rates and numbers fledged per female
did not differ significantly between land-use types, but the power
of these tests was low. Predation was the primary source of nest
failure throughout incubation, hatching, and nestling stages;
abandonment, trampling, inviability, and unknown causes also were
important during incubation. Mowing CRP fields was a source of nest
failure and also induced adults to abandon some fields. CRP fields
had a significantly higher percent, depth, and density of litter
cover; a taller herbaceous canopy; less herbaceous cover; and more
standing dead cover than rangelands. Differences in habitat
structure indicate that CRP has increased the diversity of
available nesting habitats. Eastern Meadowlarks selected nest sites
with significantly greater litter cover, higher proportion of
grass, more uncompacted litter, and more structural homogeneity
than available on random plots. Delay of mowing and prescribed
burning are recommended to enhance and maintain habitat suitability
for nesting Eastern Meadowlarks in CRP fields.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
163. Ecological impacts of federal Conservation
and Cropland Reduction Programs.
Abernathy, J. R.
Ames, IA: Council for Agricultural
Science and Technology (CAST); Task Force Report
Number 117, 1990.
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
United States
Abstract: Summarized history of agricultural
overproduction in the U.S. and recommended CRP changes related to
overproduction. [Addresses the ecological implications of several
programs established in the 1985 Food Security Act, including the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), Sodbuster, Swampbuster,
Conservation Compliance, and Acreage Reduction Program (ARP): from
publisher.]
164. Ecological impacts of federal conservation
and cropland reduction programs: Summary.
Council for Agricultural Science
and Technology.
Ames, Iowa: Council for
Agricultural Science and Technology; 8 p.: ill.: 1990.
Notes: Cover title. "September 1990." Includes
bibliographical references (p. 8).
NAL Call #: S441.C771-1990
Descriptors:
Agricultural ecology---United
States/ Agriculture and state---Environmental aspects---United
States/ Agricultural conservation---Government
policy---Environmental aspects---United States/ Environmental
policy---United States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
165. Effects of agriculture on raptors in the
western USA: An overview.
Young, L S.
In: Proceedings of the Western
Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop. (Held 26 Oct 1987-28 Oct 1987 at Boise, Idaho,
USA.)
Pendleton, B. G. (ed.)
Washington, D.C.: National
Wildlife Federation;
pp. 209-218; 1989.
Notes: ISSN: 1044-4971; Institute for Wildlife
Research, National Wildlife Federation, Scientific and Technical
Series No. 12; XI+317P
Descriptors:
prey density/ foraging/
environmental disturbances/ habitat preservation/ enhancement/
conservation programs/ education/ Farm Bill/ Animals/ Birds/
Chordates/ Nonhuman Vertebrates/ Vertebrates/ Conservation Resource
Management/ Agronomy
© Thomson
166. Effects of Burning and Discing
Conservation Reserve Program Fields to Improve Habitat Quality for
Northern Bobwhite (Colinus Virginianus).
Greenfield, KC; Chamberlain, MJ;
Burger, LW; and Kurzejeski, EW
American Midland
Naturalist 149 (2):
344-353. (Apr. 2003)
NAL Call #:
410 M58; ISSN: 0003-0031
Descriptors:
Vegetation/ Wildlife
Abstract: Since 1985 considerable expanses of
highly erodible cropland have been enrolled in the Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP). Areas enrolled in CRP provide wildlife
habitat; however, habitat quality and specific resources on these
sites vary in relation to seasonal biological processes of target
wildlife species, planted cover and vegetation succession.
Throughout the southeastern United States habitat quality for early
successional species, such as northern bobwhite (Colinus
virginianus), may decline as CRP grasslands age. Although
disturbance may enhance and maintain habitat quality for bobwhite,
concerns regarding perceived conflicts between wildlife habitat and
soil erosion objectives of the CRP persist. During 1995 and 1996 we
evaluated effects of strip- discing or prescribed burning on
vegetation structure and composition and soil erosion in fescue
(Festuca arundiacea) dominated CRP fields in Mississippi. Fall
discing generally increased percentage bare ground and plant
diversity and decreased percentage litter cover and litter depth.
Fall discing enhanced bobwhite habitat quality, but responses
diminished by the second growing season post treatment. Burning
increased plant diversity and improved quality of habitat for
bobwhite. Soil loss for all treatments was within United States
Department of Agriculture tolerable limits. Discing or burning
intensity on CRP fields could be increased without compromising
soil erosion provisions of CRP.
© Thomson ISI
167. Effects of cattle grazing and haying on
wildlife conservation at National Wildlife Refuges in the United
States.
Strassmann, B. I.
Environmental
Management 11 (1):
35-44. ( 1987)
NAL Call #:
HC79.E5E5
Descriptors:
Domestic livestock/ environmental
impact/ wildlife conservation
Abstract: Examined the effects of cattle grazing
and haying on vegetative ecology and its correlation with wildlife
conservation efforts.
168. Effects of Conservation Reserve Program
field age on avian relative abundance, diversity, and
productivity.
Millenbah, K. F.; Winterstein, S.
R.; Campa, H.; Furrow, L. T.; and Minnis, R. B.
Wilson Bulletin
108 (4): 760-770. (1996)
NAL Call #:
413.8 W692; ISSN: 0043-5643
Descriptors:
Aves/ species richness/ abundance/
productivity/ fields/ age/ Michigan/ Birds/ United
States
Abstract: Introduced grass dominated Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) fields were monitored in summer 1992 in
Gratiot County, Michigan, to determine the relationship between
field age and avian relative abundance, diversity, and
productivity. Younger CRP fields (1-2 years old), best described as
a combination of forbs and bare ground, had the greatest diversity
and relative abundance of avian species. Older CRP fields (3-5/6
years old) were a combination of grasses and deep litter cover and
had the greatest avian productivity. We recommend that after 3-5
growing seasons CRP fields be manipulated to provide a variety of
successional stages to maintain simultaneously high avian relative
abundance, diversity, and productivity.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
169. Effects of Conservation Reserve Program
seeding regime on harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex), with implications
for the threatened Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma
cornutum).
McIntyre, N. E.
Southwestern
Naturalist 48 (2): 274-277.
(2003)
NAL Call #:
409.6 So8; ISSN: 0038-4909.
Notes: Publisher: Southwestern Assn Naturalists;
Number of References: 25
Descriptors:
Environment/ Ecology/ fire ants/
hymenoptera/ formicidae/ grassland/ birds
Abstract: I compared the presence and abundance of
nest-sites made by harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex), the primary prey
for the endangered Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum), among
restored grassland plots planted in different grass species and
indigenous prairie. The restored plots had been seeded as part of
the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) as exotic monocultures of
either Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum) or weeping
lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula), or as mixtures of native grasses
(both with and without buffalograss, Buchloe dactyloides). On
average, the fewest ant mounds were found on Old World bluestem
plots, whereas the indigenous grassland had the highest density of
harvester ant mounds. However, there were no significant
differences between native and exotic CRP plantings. Results
obtained from a simultaneous visual survey for Texas horned lizards
corroborate these findings. Thus, there is no evidence that CRP
plots planted in exotic grasses are significantly poorer habitat
for Texas horned lizards in terms of ant abundance than native
grass plantings.
© Thomson ISI
170. Effects of CRP field age and cover type on
ring-necked pheasants in eastern South Dakota.
Eggebo, S. L.; Higgins, K. F.;
Naugle, D. E.; and Quamen, F. R.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 31 (3): 779-785.
(2003)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648.
Notes: Number of References: 32;
Publisher: Wildlife
Society
Descriptors:
Environment/ Ecology/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ cool season/ cover/ CRP/ habitat/ Phasianus
colchicus/ ring necked pheasant/ South Dakota/ warm season/
Conservation Reserve Program/ grassland bird conservation/
vegetation/ populations/ abundance/ models
Abstract: Loss of native grasslands to tillage has
increased the importance of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
grasslands to maintain ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
populations. Despite the importance of CRP to pheasants, little is
known about the effects of CRP field age and cover type on pheasant
abundance and productivity in the northern Great Plains. Therefore,
we assessed effects of these characteristics on pheasant use of CRP
fields. We stratified CRP grasslands (n=42) by CRP stand age (old
[10-13 yrs] vs. new [1-3 yrs] grasslands) and cover type (CP1
[cool-season grasslands] vs. CP2 [warm-season grasslands]) in
eastern South Dakota and used crowing counts and roadside brood
counts to index ring-necked pheasant abundance and productivity.
Field-age and cover-type effects on pheasant abundance and
productivity were largely the result of differences in vegetation
structure among fields. More crowing pheasants were recorded in old
cool-season CRP fields than any other age or cover type, and more
broods were recorded in cool- than warm-season CRP fields.
Extending existing CRP contracts another 5-10 years would provide
the time necessary for new fields to acquire the vegetative
structure used most by pheasants without a gap in habitat
availability. Cool-season grass-legume mixtures (CP1) that support
higher pheasant productivity should be given equal or higher
ratings than warm-season (CP2) grass stands. We also recommend that
United States Department of Agriculture administrators and field
staff provide broader and more flexible guidelines on what seed
mixtures can be used in CRP grassland plantings in the northern
Great Plains. This would allow landowners and natural resource
professionals who manage pheasant habitat to plant a mosaic of
cool- and warm-season CRP grassland habitats.
© Thomson ISI
171. Effects of Different Age Classes of Fields
Enrolled in The Conservation Reserve Program in Michigan On Avian
Diversity, Density, and Productivity.
Millenbah, Kelly
Francine
East Lansing, MI: Michigan State
University, 1994.
Notes: Degree: MS; Advisor: Winterstein, Scott R.;
ISSN: 0898-9095
Descriptors:
Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife/
Biology/ Ecology/ bird communities/ wildlife density/ agricultural
conservation/ landowners
Abstract: Agricultural landowners have
enrolled lands in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) for
wildlife and economic benefits. Avian communities and vegetative
characteristics were examined on 6 age classes (1-6 growing
seasons) of CRP fields in Gratiot County, Michigan in 1991 and 1992
to determine the relationships between field age and
characteristics of avian communities. Younger CRP fields (1-3
growing seasons), characterized by forbs and bare ground, supported
greater avian densities and diversities than older fields (4-6
growing seasons). Older CRP fields, characterized by grasses and
high litter cover, supported greater avian productivity. Results
indicate that grassland birds in Michigan may require a diversity
of age classes of CRP fields in agricultural landscapes to meet
their habitat requirements. Continued enrollment of lands into the
program and periodic manipulation of these lands, will create a
mosaic of grassland successional stages important to a diversity of
avian species.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
172. Effects of emergency haying on duck
nesting in Conservation Reserve Program fields, South
Dakota.
Luttschwager, K. A.; Higgins, K.
F.; and Jenks, J. A.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 22 (3): 403-408.
(Fall 1994)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648 [WLSBA6]
Descriptors:
Anas/ nesting/ reproduction/
population density/ habitats/ grasslands/ federal programs/ private
ownership/ South Dakota/ nesting success/ private land
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
173. Effects of habitat manipulations on Texas
horned lizards and their prey.
Fair, W. Scott and Henke, Scott
E.
Journal of Wildlife
Management 61 (4):
1366-1370 . ( 1997)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X
Descriptors:
Phrynosoma cornutum/ amphibians/
reptiles/ ants/ Conservation Reserve Program/ fires/ burns/ foods/
feeding/ habitat alterations/ habitat use/ livestock/ Texas horned
lizard/ North America/ United States/ Texas/ Duval
County
Abstract: The effects of habitat manipulations on
Texas horned lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum) and their main prey,
harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex spp.) were studied in South Texas. The
relative abundance of lizards, their scat, and active harvester ant
mounds was assessed on 1-ha plots that were manipulated with either
prescribed burning, disking, burning and disking combination,
grazing, or land in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). We
determined differential habitat use or avoidance using Chi-square
analysis and Bonferroni Z-statistics to control the experiment-wise
error probability at 10%. Lizards used burned plots
disproportionately more, were neutral in their use of the disked
and grazed plots, and under-utilized the burned and disked
combination and CRP plots. Analysis of scat led to similar
conclusions in relation to burned, grazed, and CRP plots, but scats
were distributed on combination plots pro rata to availability and
were underrepresented on the disked plots. No difference was
detected in the relative abundance of active ant mounds among the 5
land management practices. Even though Texas horned lizards
preferentially used areas that were recently burned, the process of
burning may harm them due to the shallow depths in which they
hibernate.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
174. Effects of habitat on dickcissel abundance
and nest success in Conservation Reserve Program fields in
Kansas.
Hughes, John P.; Robel, Robert J.;
Kemp, Kenneth E.; and Zimmerman, John L.
Journal of Wildlife
Management 63
(2): 523-529. (1999)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X
Descriptors:
Fringillidae/ Passeriformes/
Spiza americana/ behavior/ birds/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ ecosystems/ edge habitat/ farmland/ habitat management/
habitat use/ management/ nesting sites/ nests/ nesting/
productivity/ wildlife/ wildlife/ habitat relationships/ wild
birds/ reproduction/ federal programs/ wildlife conservation/
Kansas/ spiza americana/ species abundance/ Natural Resources/ Land
Development, Land Reform, and Utilization (Macroeconomics)/
dickcissel/ North America/
United States/ Kansas: Riley
County
Abstract: Declining avian populations in the
Midwest have increased interest in various aspects of grassland
habitats and their effects on grassland birds. We studied the
effects of vegetation characteristics, woody field edges and
surrounding land use on abundance and daily nest survival of the
dickcissel (Spiza americana) in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
fields in the northeastern Kansas. We observed 873 dickcissels
during surveys on 11 CRP fields during the summers of 1994 and
1995. In those fields, we located 186 dickcissel nests of which
13.2% were successful in 1994 and 14.9% were successful in 1995.
The vertical density of vegetation in CRP fields, wooded area
surrounding the fields, and amount of woody edge bordering fields
were associated with dickcissel abundance (P = 0.001). Live and
dead canopy cover and litter cover were associated with daily nest
survival (P = 0.005). Therefore, the habitat quality of CRP fields
for dickcissels might be enhanced by modifying vegetation
characteristics. The outcome of any modifications of CRP habitat
for dickcissels should be judged on changes in the number and
success of their nests rather than on the abundance of
birds.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
175. Effects of Landscape Composition and
Multi-Scale Habitat Characteristics on the Grassland Bird
Community.
McCoy, T. D.
Columbia, MO: Univ. of
Missouri-Columbia, 2000.
Notes: Ph.D. Dissert.; Project Number: MO W0-013-R-54/Job 1/Study
43
Descriptors:
habitat/ modeling/ grassland/
birds/ communities/ wildlife habitat relationships/ species
diversity/ conservation programs/ nests and nesting/ abundance/
sparrows/ reproduction/ statistics/ meadowlarks, blackbirds and
orioles/ population density/ vegetation/ North America/ United
States/ Missouri/ North central region/ Adair County/ Know County/
Linn County/ Macon County/ Shelby County
Abstract: Measures of grassland bird
demography on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields were
compared and modeled at several spatial scales to identify habitat
factors associated with increased conservation value for grassland
birds. Grassland bird populations and species richness were
compared between fields located in landscapes with different
amounts of CRP habitat and total grassland. Multi-scale habitat
models were developed from and validated on two independent data
sets to identify the primary habitat features that could predict
the potential value of CRP and other idle grasslands for grassland
bird conservation.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
176. Effects of livestock grazing on
neotropical migratory landbirds in western North
America.
Bock, C. E.; Sabb, V. A.; Rich, T.
D.; and Dobkin, D. S.
In: Status and management of
neotropical migratory birds. (Held 21 Sep 1992-25 Sep 1992 at Estes Park,
Colorado.) Finch, D. M. and Stangel, P. W. (eds.)
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, U.S. Dept. of
Agriculture; pp. 263-309; 1993.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
Regional conservation programs
Abstract: Examined the idea that moderate
haying/grazing of CRP coupled with livestock enclosures on public
land could enhance the value of public rangelands for
wildlife.
177. Effects of mammalian predator removal on
waterfowl and non-game birds in North Dakota.
Garrettson, P. R.; Rohwer, F. C.;
Zimmer, J. M.; Mense, B. J.; and Dion, N.
Transactions of the North
American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference 61: 94-101. (1996); ISSN: 0078-1355.
Notes: Conference: 61st North American Wildlife and
Natural Resources Conference: Facing Realities in Resource
Management, Tulsa, OK, 22-27 Mar 1996
Descriptors:
Aquatic birds/ Predator control/
Environmental impact/ Nesting/ Bird eggs/ Nature conservation/
Habitat improvement (physical)/ Breeding sites/ Environment
management/ Aves/ North America/ Species interactions: general/
Conservation, wildlife management and recreation/ Freshwater/
Brackish water/ Marine environment
Abstract: Waterfowl managers have long been
concerned about low nest success on the North American prairies. A
review of duck nesting success shows that, despite great variation
between studies, there is a dramatic pattern of decline in nest
success in the past 50 years (Beauchamp et al. 1996). The linear
regression of success versus year shows that hatching rates dropped
from 33 percent in 1935 to only 10-percent nest success in 1992.
Low nest success, which reflects high nest predation, is viewed as
the most significant limitation on waterfowl productivity in the
prairies. Most of the management effort under the North American
Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) in the prairie region of the
United States and Canada is an attempt to elevate nest success for
upland-nesting ducks. Compounding habitat degradation is a major
shift in numbers types of nest predator on the prairies.
Extirpation of wolves (Canis lupus) and reduction of coyotes (Canis
latrans) has allowed medium-sized predators, such as red fox
(Vulpes vulpes), skunk (Mephitis mephitis) and raccoon (Procyon
lotor); to flourish. Raccoons are a recent arrival to much of the
prairies, though they now are abundant and the dominant nest
predator for many prairie ducks. Abundance of medium-sized mammals
and scarcity of nesting cover has been a very detrimental
combination for breeding ducks. Most a tempts to increase duck
nesting success have focused on ways to make nests less accessible
to predators. Dense nesting cover has been the dominant management
on United States Waterfowl Production Areas (WPA) and on NAWMP
areas in Canada, yet this strategy typically has improved nest
success by only a few percentage points, with highly variable
results. Improved nest success associated with the Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) suggests that landscape-level additions of
nesting cover improve recruitment, but habitat improvement on this
scale is not economically feasible for wildlife groups. Intensive
management efforts to make nests inaccessible, such as construction
of islands and predator barrier fences, can increase nest success,
but costs are high.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
178. Effects of supplemental prey, vegetation,
and time on success of artificial nests.
Vander, Lee Bruce a; Lutz, R
Scott; Hansen, Leslie A; and Mathews, Nancy E
Journal of Wildlife
Management 63
(4): 1299-1305. (1999)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X.
Notes: methods and equipment: artificial-nests;
predation-; supplemental-prey; vegetation-density;
Conservation-Reserve-Program
Abstract: Despite intensive management on many
grassland areas, nest loss to predators continues to result in low
nest-survival rates. Management efforts are complicated by complex
relationships among habitat, predators, and prey resources. We
monitored the fates of artificial nests (908 in 1993, 827 in 1994)
on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) plots from April to July to
test effects of prey supplementation, vegetation density, and time
(month) on nest survival in agricultural and range landscapes in
northwest Texas. Supplemental prey had the greatest effect on
artificial nest survival and increased nest survival in both sparse
and dense vegetation. Prey supplementation may be useful when used
in conjunction with habitat management for dense nesting cover or
in areas that already have dense vegetation. Nest survival was
highest early in the nesting season, emphasizing the importance of
available nesting cover during this period. Although least
important, dense vegetation increased artificial nest survival.
When evaluating management options, managers should consider
logistical and economic costs of using supplemental prey, as well
as potential effects on predator population dynamics.
© Thomson
179. Effects of the Conservation Reserve
Program on selected wildlife populations in southeast
Nebraska.
King, Justin W.
Lincoln, NE: University of
Nebraska, 1991.
Notes: Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nebraska,
Lincoln--Forestry, Fisheries, and Wildlife, 1991. Includes
bibliographical references.
NAL Call #: NBU LD3656-1991-K564
Descriptors:
Wildlife conservation---Nebraska/
Wildlife management---Nebraska/ Conservation of natural
resources---Nebraska
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
180. Effects of the Conservation Reserve
Program On Wildlife Habitat in The Great Plains.
Baker, Bryan Douglas University of
Minnesota, 1992.
Notes: Degree: PhD; Advisor: Gersmehl, Philip J.;
Cited in: DAI-A 52(08): p. 3026, February 1992; Volumes I and
II.
Descriptors:
Geography/ Agriculture, Forestry
& Wildlife/ birds/ climate/ behavior conservation/ predators/
erosion/ wildlife/ conservation practices/ agricultural practices/
South Dakota/ Nebraska/ Kansas/ Texas
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP), a ten-year federal agricultural land retirement program,
returned several million acres of the Great Plains to grass by
1989. Improvement of wildlife habitat was a secondary but important
rationale for the program. Enrollments are concentrated in the
southern High Plains and the northern glaciated Plains. CRP fields
increase in size from east to west, with many counties exceeding
320 acres for mean contract size. A study of Plains land use,
soils, geology, and climate helped construct a list of expected
effects of the CRP on the mammals and breeding birds. The list was
revised based on comments from Plains biologists. Most of the
species on the Plains depend on woodlands, wetlands, or other cover
the CRP does not provide. Some species that use grassland or
agricultural land will gain habitat, mainly for nesting.
Nine-section study areas in six Plains counties detailed land cover
changes associated with the CRP. Most areas have seen a net
increase in cropland since the late 1960s despite the CRP
retirements. In some counties, especially far western ones, CRP
land is in larger blocks, isolated from woodland and shrubs. These
areas favor small to medium sized grassland birds and mammals. CRP
parcels in other counties, especially to the east, are
well-interspersed with other cover. Mosaic species using grassland,
cropland and woodland should benefit there. These include bobwhite
quail, white-tailed deer, and some predators. A dynamic programming
model was developed to help investigate the effects of landscape
pattern on animal behavior and survival. A preliminary version
calculated winter survival of bobwhite quail. Small demonstration
areas selected from the study areas suggested that the
configuration of CRP fields could be improved to maximize wildlife
benefits. Many of the wildlife benefits of the CRP could vanish
after the program expires if farmers return CRP fields to cropland.
Other long-term alternatives could prove less costly. Limited
federal buy-outs of erosion-prone land may be feasible, especially
in expansion of National Grassland. Easements, purchase of
cultivation rights, and subsidies for alternative agricultural
practices are other tools for encouraging long-term conservation on
the Great Plains.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
181. Effects of the Conservation Reserve
Program on wildlife in southeast Nebraska.
King, J. W. and Savidge, J.
A.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 23 (3): 377-385.
(Fall 1995)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648 [WLSBA6]
Descriptors:
wild birds/ species diversity/
population density/ seasonal variation/ agricultural land/ federal
programs/ wildlife conservation
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
182. The effects of the Conservation Reserve
Program on wildlife in southeastern Wyoming.
Wachob, Douglas Glenn.
University of Wyoming,
1997.
Notes: Degree: PhD; October 1997; Cited: DAI-B 58(04):
p. 1651, October 1997; ISBN: 0-591-39611-4
Descriptors:
Biology, Ecology/ Agriculture,
Forestry & Wildlife/ Urban & Regional Planning/ alfalfa/
aves
Abstract: The primary objective of this study
was to identify the vegetation and spatial characteristics of CRP
that influence habitat use by non-game birds, small rodents,
sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus), raptors,
carnivores, and big game in a CRP/agricultural landscape. The study
was conducted in Laramie, Platte, and Goshen counties in
southeastern Wyoming, during 1993-5. The study area was dominated
by intensively grazed native range land and winter wheat (Triticum
sp.); CRP comprised 15% of the study area. Non-game bird use was
higher in CRP with an alfalfa component, compared to CRP without
alfalfa in 1994, but not in 1993. Fine scale selection by birds for
specific vegetation structure was detected in 1994 but not in 1993.
Bird use of CRP was independent of the spatial characteristics of
CRP patches. Small mammal use of CRP and range lands was higher
than winter wheat lands. Vegetation species richness, vegetation
height, standard deviation of vegetation cover, and patch area were
significant predictors of small mammal use of CRP patches. This
small mammal community selected habitat at the landscape and patch
scale but not at the intrapatch scale. I investigated use of CRP
lands by sharp-tailed grouse during nesting and brood-rearing
seasons. All nests were located in CRP. Hens selected nest sites in
larger CRP patches. Hens with broods used CRP and irrigated alfalfa
patches more often and wheat and rangeland patches less often than
they were available. Hens with broods used CRP patches with high
coverage of broad leafed weeds and annual grasses more often and
patches without alfalfa less often than these patch types were
available. I found that CRP was the vital reproduction habitat for
sharp-tailed grouse in southeastern Wyoming. Sharp-tailed grouse
dancing grounds (leks) were located closer to CRP and had greater
coverage of CRP within 1 km, compared with the entire study area. I
also found that CRP patch size, percent cover of CRP, and CRP patch
number predicted the number of leks and the number of males at
leks, at a scale of 100 km$/sp2$. I investigated the spatial
relationship of CRP fields to bird and mammal species richness
using computer simulations. I used observations of 28 common
species as model input data. Computer simulations of a hypothetical
landscape showed that species richness increased rapidly as CRP
coverage increased from 0-15%, and less rapidly as CRP coverage
increased from 15-50%.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
183. Effects of the CRP on wildlife habitat:
Emergency haying in the Midwest and pine plantings in the
Southeast.
Hays, R. L. and Farmer, A.
H.
Transactions of the North
American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference (55th): 30-39. maps. (1990)
NAL Call #:
412.9-N814; ISSN: 0078-1355 [NAWTA]
Descriptors:
afforestation/ farmland/ forest
plantations/ haymaking/ nature reserves/ pinus/ planting/
remuneration/ colinus virginianus/ southeastern states of USA/
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
184. Effects of the U.S. Conservation Reserve
Program on Landscape Structure in Southwest Kansas.
Egbert, S. L.; Park, S.; Peterson,
D.; Stewart, A. M.; and Price, K. P.
In: 133rd Annual Meeting of the
Kansas Academy of Science. (Held 6 Apr 2001-7 Apr 2001 at Lawrence. KS
(USA).); 2001.
Notes: Conference Sponsor: Kansas Academy of Science;
World Meeting Number 000-5622
Descriptors:
Multidisciplinary
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
185. Effects of Thinning CRP Pine Stands on
Nesting Songbirds in Georgia.
Schaefbauer, M. K. and Schweitzer,
S. H.
In: 7th Annual Conference of the
Wildlife Society. (Held 12 Sep 2000-16 Sep 2000 at Nashville, TN
(USA).); 2000.
Notes: Conference Sponsor: The Wildlife Society; World
Meeting Number 003 0833
Descriptors:
Biology
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
186. Effects of two haying provisions on duck
nesting in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields in South
Dakota.
Luttschwager, K. A.
Brookings, SD: South Dakota State
University, 1991.
Notes: M.S. Thesis
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ South Dakota
Abstract: Evaluated the effects of emergency
haying on duck nesting success in CRP fields.
187. Environmental Quality Incentives Program:
Program summary and potential for wildlife benefits.
Esser, A.; Molleur, R.; Buck, P.;
and Rewa, C.
In: A comprehensive review of Farm
Bill contributions wildlife conservation, 1985-2000/ Heard, L. P;
Hohman, W. L.; Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management
Institute (U.S.); Series: Technical Report
USDA/NRCS/WHMI.
Madison, MS: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, 2000; pp. 125-134
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
Environmental Quality Incentives
Program/ conservation/ conservation buffers/ farming systems/
nutrient management/ erosion control / wildlife
management
188. Evaluating potential effects of CRP on
bobwhite quail in Piedmont Virginia.
Stauffer, Dean F.; Cline, Gerald
A.; and Tonkovich, Michael J.
North American Wildlife and
Natural Resources Conference, Transactions 55: 57-67. (1990);
ISSN: 0078-1355.
Notes: WR 222
Descriptors:
Galliformes/ Odontophoridae/
Colinus virginianus/ Conservation reserve programs/ habitat
classification/ habitat management/ management/ modeling/ wildlife/
bobwhite/ habitat/ dispersion/ North America/ United States/
Virginia
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
189. Evaluation of select CRP lands as bobwhite
quail habitat.
Burger, L. W.; Kurzejeski, E. W.;
Dailey, T. V.; and Ryan, M. R.
Proceedings of the Forage
and Grassland Conference :
27-30. (1991)
NAL Call #:
SB193.F59; ISSN: 0886-6899.
Notes: Meeting held April 1-4, 1991, Columbia,
Missouri. Includes references.
Descriptors:
quails/ colinus virginianus/
habitats/ conservation areas/ Missouri/ Conservation Reserve
Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
190. Evaluation of the effect of CRP on duck
recruitment in the prairie pothole joint venture area of Fish &
Wildlife Service Region 6.
Reynolds, R.
Bismark, ND: U.S. Fish &
Wildlife Service, 1992. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Progress Report.
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
Regional conservation programs/ State conservation programs/
Prairie pothole region/ Montana/ South Dakota/ North
Dakota
Abstract: Reported the 1992 results of a
pilot effort to evaluate waterfowl production in CRP grasslands
compared to Waterfowl Production Areas.
191. Factors influencing mourning dove nest
success in CRP fields.
Hughes, John P.; Robel, Robert J.;
and Kemp, Kenneth E.
Journal of Wildlife
Management 64
(4): 1004-1008. (2000)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X
Descriptors:
Zenaida macroura/ dove, mourning/
zenaida macroura/ nests and nesting/ conservation programs/
grassland/ land use/ mating grounds/ survival/ cultivated farmland/
cover/ vegetation/ reproduction/ habitat management for wildlife/
mourning dove/ nest/ habitat/ agriculture/ ecological requirements/
Riley County/ Kansas/ United States
Abstract: Mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) nest
primarily in trees. However, ground nesting is prevalent in the
Great Plains region where mourning dove numbers have increased
since the mid 1980s when the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) was
initiated. We monitored mourning dove nest success in CRP fields in
Kansas during 1994 and 1995 to determine if that habitat could be a
source for the increased numbers. Mourning dove nest success
averaged 56% (n = 90) in our CRP fields. Daily nest survival rates
in CRP fields were associated positively with height of live
vegetation (P = 0.011) and negatively with percent grass cover (P =
0.001) and percent live vegetation cover (P = 0.005). Management
practices that produce sparse overall cover but tall vegetation
height may increase mourning dove nest success in CRP
fields.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
192. Field evaluation of the northern bobwhite
habitat suitability index model with implications for the
Conservation Reserve Program.
Tonkovich, Michael
Joseph
Blacksburg, Va.: Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1995.
Notes: Thesis (Ph. D.); Bibliography: leaves
182-203.
NAL Call #: ViBlbV
LD5655.V856-1995.T665
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
193. The first distributional record of the
least weasel, Mustela nivalis, in Northeastern Missouri.
Mock OB; Sells GD; Ellis LS; and
Easterla DA
Transactions of the
Missouri Academy of Science
35: 7-11. (2001)
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
194. GIS analysis of the effects of habitat
configuration and the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) on the
abundance of ringnecked pheasants, gray partridge, and
meadowlarks.
Lockman, Drake J. and Kimmel, R.
O.
In: MN DNR Farmland Wildlife
Population and Research Unit Report, 1994; pp. 33-39
Descriptors:
Phasianus colchicus/ Aves/ Perdix
perdix/ common pheasant/ birds/ partridge/ dispersion/ prairie/
GIS/ United States/ geographic information systems
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
195. Grassland bird conservation: CP1 vs. CP2
plantings in Conservation Reserve Program fields in
Missouri.
McCoy, Timothy D; Ryan, Mark R;
and Burger, Loren W Jr
American Midland
Naturalist 145 (1):
1-17. (Jan. 2001)
NAL Call #:
410 M58; ISSN: 0003-0031
Descriptors:
Conservation/ Conservation
measures/ Reproduction/ Reproductive productivity/ Ecology/
Population dynamics/ Habitat/ Terrestrial habitat / Land and
freshwater zones/ Nearctic region/ North America/ United States/
Aves/ Habitat management/ Reproductive productivity/ Nesting
success/ Fecundity/ Community structure/ Population density/ Nests/
Grassland/ Cool season and warm season grass fields/ nesting
success and fecundity/ conservation implications/ Missouri/ Knox
County/ Macon County/ Linn County/ Conservation biology/ Birds/
Chordates/ Vertebrates
Abstract: To determine the relative value of
different Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) plantings for breeding
grassland and winter birds we measured vegetation structure, avian
abundance and reproductive success, and estimated fecundity during
1993-1995 on CP1 (cool-season grass) and CP2 (warm-season grass)
plantings in 16 fields in northern Missouri. CP1 fields had been
planted to cool-season grasses or cool-season grass-legume mixtures
and CP2 fields had been seeded with switchgrass (Panicum virgatum).
Species richness, abundance and nesting success of grassland birds
during the breeding season and total bird use in the winter did not
differ between CPs. During the breeding season CP1 fields had
higher abundances of grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum),
eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna), Henslow's sparrow (Ammodramus
henslowii) and American goldfinches (Carduelis tristis), whereas
common yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas) were more abundant in CP2
fields. Fecundity of dickcissels (Spiza americana) and nesting
success and fecundity of red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius
phoeniceus) were higher on CP2 than on CP1 habitat, but both CPs
were likely sinks ([lambda] < 1) for these species. Both CPs
were likely source ([lambda] > 1) habitat for grasshopper
sparrows, whereas only CP1 habitat was likely a source for eastern
meadowlarks and American goldfinches. In winter American
goldfinches were more abundant in CP1 fields than CP2 fields. The
shorter, more diverse, cool-season grass fields were equal or
better habitat than taller, more vertically dense,
switchgrass-dominated fields for grassland birds, including several
species of high conservation concern. Single-species plantings of
warm- or cool-season grasses should be avoided to increase the
potential wildlife benefits of CRP and other grassland
habitats.
© Thomson
196. Grassland bird use of Conservation Reserve
Program fields in the Great Plains.
Johnson, D. H.
In: A comprehensive review of Farm
Bill contributions wildlife conservation, 1985-2000/ Heard, L. P;
Hohman, W. L.; Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management
Institute (U.S.); Series: Technical Report
USDA/NRCS/WHMI.
Madison, MS: USDA, NRCS, Wildlife
Habitat Management Institute, 2000; pp. 19-33
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
wildlife habitats/ wildlife management/ birds
197. Grassland Birds: Development and Testing
of Models to Predict Species Richness, Abundance, and Reproductive
Success at Local and Landscape Levels.
Schultz, J.
Columbia, MO: Missouri Dept. Of
Conservation, Wildlife and Research Div.; PB2001104751XSP, 2000.
180 p.
Notes: Study No. 43; Final Report to Research and
Survey Projects as Required by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration
Act, Missouri, Federal Aid Project no. W-13-R-54. (2000). Contains
Dissertation of Timothy McCoy on Effects of Landscape Composition
and Multi-Scale Habitat Characteristics on the Grassland Bird
Community; Prepared in cooperation with Missouri Univ.-Columbia.
Graduate School.; Sponsored by Fish and Wildlife Restoration
Program, Washington, DC
Descriptors:
Endangered species/ Models/
Abundance/ Reproduction Biology/ Conservation/ Habitats/
Landscapes/ Birds/ Wildlife management/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ Grassland birds/ Natural resources and earth sciences/
Natural resource management/ Medicine and biology/
Ecology
Abstract: Measures of grassland bird
demography on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields were
compared and modeled at several spatial scales to identify habitat
factors associated with increased conservation value for grassland
birds. Grassland bird populations and species richness were
compared between fields located in landscapes with different
amounts of CRP habitat and total grassland. Multi-scale habitat
models were developed from and validated on two independent data
sets to identify the primary habitat features that could predict
the potential value of CRP and other idle grasslands for grassland
bird conservation.
198. Habitat associations of grasshopper
species (Orthoptera : Acrididae) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum
L.) and adjacent rangeland.
Gillespie, R. L. and Kemp, W.
P.
Journal of the Kansas
Entomological Society 68
(4): 415-424. (1995); ISSN: 0022-8567
Descriptors:
Acrididae/ Triticum aestivum/
rangelands/ species composition/ population density/ United States/
Orthoptera/ Populations & general ecology/ Insects
Abstract: Thirty-one species of grasshoppers were
collected in either winter wheat or adjacent rangeland/CRP, at ten
study sites for three years. Eighteen species were collected in
winter wheat fields while 29 species were collected in adjacent
reseeded native rangeland or newly seeded Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) land, seeded to crested wheatgrass (Agropyron
cristatum (L.) Gaertn. and alfalfa Medicago sativa L.). In native
rangeland these two species were reseeded into Stipa comata Trin.
and Rupr., Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K). habitat. Melanoplus
sanguinipes, M. bivittatus, and M. packardii, pest species of crops
and rangeland in the Northern Great Plains, were the predominant
species in winter wheat and together with Aulocara elliotti were
the predominant species in adjacent rangeland or CRP. The number of
M. sanguinipes collected per unit of effort in CRP was the same as
the number collected in "established" reseeded rangeland. Fewer A.
elliotti were collected per unit effort in CRP when compared to
"established" reseeded rangeland. The results suggest that CRP
supports a lower population of A. elliotti than "established"
reseeded rangeland or there has been an insufficient span of time
for A. elliotti to disperse into these areas.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
199. Habitat use, home ranges, and survival of
swift foxes in a fragmented landscape: Conservation
implications.
Kamler, J. F.; Ballard, W. B.;
Fish, E. B.; Lemons, P. R.; Mote, K.; and Perchellet, C.
C.
Journal of Mammalogy
84 (3): 989-995. (2003)
NAL Call #:
410 J823; ISSN: 0022-2372.
Notes: Number of References: 33; Publisher: Alliance
Communications Group Division Allen Press
Descriptors:
Animal Sciences/ habitat use/ home
range/ survival/ swift fox/ Texas/ Vulpes velox/ Joaquin kit foxes/
arid land foxes/ vulpes velox/ western Kansas/ North America/
mortality/ macrotis/ rates/ size
Abstract: Habitat loss might be one of the primary
reasons for the decline of the swift fox (Vulpes velox) in the
western Great Plains of North America. From 1998 to 2001, we
monitored 42 swift foxes in a landscape interspersed with native
short-grass prairies, nonnative grasslands enrolled in the
Conservation Reserve Program, irrigated agricultural fields, and
dryland agricultural fields. Survival estimates ranged from 0.52 to
0.66 for both adults and juveniles, and the primary causes of death
were vehicle collisions (42% deaths) and coyote (Canis latrans)
predation (33%). Annual home-range size was similar for males and
females (10.8 and 10.5 km(2), respectively). Within the study area,
swift foxes selected only short-grass prairies and had
lower-than-expected use or complete avoidance of all other habitat
types. Our results indicate swift foxes are more specialized in
habitat selection than other North American canids; thus,
protection of native short-grass prairies might be necessary for
their long-term existence.
© Thomson ISI
200. History and economics of farm bill
legislation and the impacts on wildlife management and
policies.
Harmon, K. W.
In: General Technical Report
RM.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
105-108.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
land diversion/ wildlife/
legislation/ revegetation/ habitats/ pheasants/ resource
conservation/ soil conservation/ erosion control/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ food security act of 1985
This citation is from AGRICOLA.
201. The history, status and future needs of
fish and wildlife management on private lands as related to USDA
agricultural programs.
Heard, L Pete; Allen, Arthur W;
Best, Louis B; Brady, Stephen J; Burger, Wes; Esser, Anthony J;
Hackett, Ed; Helinski, Ronald R; Hohman, William L; Johnson,
Douglas H; Pederson, Roger L; Reynolds, Ronald E; Rewa, Charles;
and Ryan, Mark R
Transactions of the North
American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 66: 54-67 . (2001)
NAL Call #:
412.9 N814; ISSN: 0078-1355.
Notes: From: Sixty-sixth North American Wildlife and
Natural Resources Conference, Washington, DC, USA, March 16-20,
2001
Descriptors:
1985 Food Security Act [Farm Bill]/
Conservation Reserve Program [CRP]/ Environmental Quality Incentive
Program [EQIP]/ Wetland Reserve Program [WRP]/ Wildlife Habitat
Incentives Program [WHIP]/ agricultural programs/ compliance
provisions/ highly erodable land/ land retirement programs/ private
land management/ wildlife conservation/ wildlife management: future
needs, history, status/ wildlife responses
© Thomson
202. Home ranges of ring-necked pheasants in
northwestern Kansas.
Applegate, Roger D; Flock, Brian
E; Gipson, Philip S; Mccoy, Matthew W; and Kemp, Kenneth
E
Prairie Naturalist
34 (1-2): 21-29. (2002)
NAL Call #:
QH540 .P7; ISSN: 0091-0376
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program [CRP]/
adaptive kernels/ brooding behavior/ habitat density/ home range
size/ minimum convex polygons/ nesting behavior/ travel distance/
Animals/ Birds/ Chordates/ Nonhuman Vertebrates/ Vertebrates/
Phasianus colchicus [ring necked pheasant] (Galliformes): female,
male
Abstract: We studied the home ranges of 29 female
and 9 male ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in
northwestern Kansas during 1994 to 1995. Home ranges for hens
varied from an average of 127 ha in high-density (25%) Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) to 155 ha on low-density (8 to 11%) CRP
sites. Home ranges for cocks averaged 179 ha on the high-density
CRP site and 105 ha on the low-density CRP site. The amount of CRP
in areas where home ranges were located had no detectable effect on
size of home ranges. Our estimates of hen home ranges during
nesting and brooding periods were larger than reported from other
regions. This might reflect the need for hens to travel greater
distances in northwestern Kansas in order to obtain adequate food
and cover for themselves and their broods.
© Thomson
203. Illinois Wildlife Enhancement Bonus
Program: Analysis of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources
and Illinois Quail Unlimited Conservation Program.
Hasstedt, S. C.
Edwardsville, IL: Southern
Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2002.
Notes: Report numbers: CI01316, ADA398508XSP; Thesis
Descriptors:
Natural resources/ Theses/
Population/ Preservation/ Birds/ Agriculture/ Farms/ Land areas/
Illinois/ Silviculture/ Conservation/ Habitats/ Wildlife/ Bobwhite
quails/ IWEBP/ wildlife enhancement bonus programs/ Natural
resources and earth sciences/ Natural resource management/
Medicine and biology/ Botany/ Zoology/ Ecology
Abstract: In 1998 the Illinois Department of
Natural Resources (IDNR), Division of Wildlife Resources, Habitat
Stamp Fund in conjunction with Illinois Quail Unlimited (QU)
initiated the Illinois Wildlife Enhancement Bonus Program (IWEBP) .
Financial incentives are available to property owners for
implementation of wildlife friendly practices on land enrolled in
the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) and non-CRP acres are eligible under a fescue
(Festuca arundinaceae) conversion initiative. Mail surveys
following the Total Design Method (Salant and Dillman 1994) were
used to gauge both land owner I operator and Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS) professional's perceptions regarding
IWEBP efficacy in improving wildlife habitat, administrative costs
of IWEBP, and characteristics of enrolled participants.
Proportional response histograms and higher order analyses revealed
IWEBP participants place a high intrinsic value on both habitat and
the presence of wildlife on their land, and the financial incentive
is most important to offset the high cost of re-establishing native
grasses and forbs. NRCS personnel generally believe, compared to
other state conservation programs, IWEBP provides similar or better
habitat benefits for wildlife in general and is particularly
beneficial to bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). Land owners and
NRCS personnel alike appreciate the relative simplicity of IWEBP
enrollment procedures, but further education efforts regarding the
singular importance of habitat (Brennan 1991, Jenkins 2000) in
improving upland wildlife populations could further the success of
this program.
204. The impact of CRP on avian wildlife: A
review.
Ryan, M. R.; Burger, L. W.; and
Kurzejeski, E. W.
Journal of Production
Agriculture 11 (1):
61-66. (Jan. 1998-Mar. 1998)
NAL Call #:
S539.5.J68; ISSN: 0890-8524 [JPRAEN]
Descriptors:
wildlife / wild birds/ habitats/
government policy/ populations/ grasslands/ species diversity/
nests/ population growth/ literature reviews/ land banks/ wildlife
conservation/ Conservation Reserve Program
Abstract: We reviewed the literature to assess the
impact of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) on bird
populations in the central USA. The CRP replaced production
agriculture fields with grassland habitat used by more than 90
species of birds. At least 42 bird species nested in CRP habitats.
Bird species richness in CRP fields was similar to that in rowcrop
fields, but relative abundance was 1.4 to 10.5 times higher in CRP
plantings. Nest abundance was 13.5 times higher in CRP than crop
fields, although nesting success of songbirds was only slightly
higher in CRP fields (40% vs. 36% in crops). Limited evidence
suggests that the CRP has positively affected the population growth
rates of several nongame grassland bird species. Waterfowl nest
densities and nesting success in CRP fields were similar to these
occurring in grassland habitats managed specifically for waterfowl.
The presence of CRP grassland has been postulated to have improved
the quality of existing duck nest habitat by dispersing nests over
a larger area. Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus L.)
populations seemingly increased substantially with CRP acres.
Little evidence of positive population response by northern
bobwhites (Colinus virginianus L.) to the CRP is available.
Overall, grassland birds known to be declining throughout North
America were seemingly the most benefitted by the CRP.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
205. The impact of haying Conservation Reserve
Program lands on productivity of ducks nesting in the Prairie
Pothole Region of North and South Dakota.
Renner, R. W.; Reynolds, R. E.;
and Batt, B. D. J.
Transactions of the North
American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference 60: 221-229. (1995)
NAL Call #:
412.9-N814; ISSN: 0078-1355 [NAWTA6].
Notes: Meeting held March 24-29, 1995, Minneapolis,
Minnesota
Descriptors:
anatidae / prairies/ conservation
areas/ haymaking/ reproductive performance/ nature reserves/ land
banks/ North Dakota/ South Dakota
Abstract: Compared nest success and duck production
in hayed and non-hayed CRP fields.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
206. Impact of Haying CRP Lands on Duck Nesting
in the Prairie Pothole Region.
Renner, R. W. and Reynolds, R.
E.
In: 60th North American Wildlife
and Natural Resources Conference. (Held 24 Mar 1995-29 Mar 1995 at Minneapolis,
MN (USA).); 1995.
Notes: Conference Sponsor: Wildlife Management
Institute (Washington, DC); World Meeting Number 951
0315
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
207. Impact of the Conservation Reserve Program
on duck recruitment in the U.S. Prairie Pothole Region.
Reynolds, R. E.; Shaffer, T. L.;
Renner, R. W.; Newton, W. E.; and Batt, B. D. J.
Journal of Wildlife
Management 65
(4): 765-780. (2001)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X
Descriptors:
Breeding success/ Recruitment/ Land
use/ Wildlife management/ Conservation Reserve Program/ Habitat
improvement/ Breeding sites/ Food availability/ Hunting/
Aquaculture/ Anas/ Montana/ South Dakota/ North Dakota/
Prairie Pothole Region/ Prairie Pothole Region/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ Dabbling ducks/ Management/ Culture of other
aquatic animals/ United States
Abstract: The U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA)'s Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) resulted in the
conversion of about 1.9 million ha of cropland to perennial grass
cover in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, South Dakota,
and northeastern Montana by 1992. Many wildlife managers believed
this cover would provide benefits to wildlife, including upland
nesting ducks. During 1992-1995, we evaluated success of 5 duck
species nesting in CRP fields and nearby Waterfowl Production Areas
(WPA) throughout the region. We examined relationships between
daily survival rates (DSR) of duck nests in CRP cover and
landscape-level habitat and population parameters. We computed DSR
of duck nests in other major cover types in our study area from
data collected during 1980-1984 (pre-CRP) and 1990-1994 (CRP)
periods. We then applied recruitment models to estimate duck
production in our study area during peak CRP years (1992-1997) and
compared these results with those that simulated the scenario in
which cropland was in place of CRP cover (i.e., the CRP had not
occurred). DSR were higher in all habitats combined during the CRP
period compared to the pre-CRP period. Regressions of DSR in CRP
cover on the percent of each study plot in perennial cover and
geographic location were significant (P< 0.01) for 4 of 5 duck
(Anas spp.) species. Estimated nest success and recruitment rates
for the 5 species combined during 1992-1997 were 46% and 30%
higher, respectively, with CRP cover on the landscape compared to a
scenario where we simulated cropland in place of CRP. Our model
estimated an additional 12.4 million recruits from our study area
to the fall flight as a consequence of the CRP during 1992-1997.
Our results document benefits to 5 duck species in the northern
plains associated with a farm program that provided financial
incentives to landowners for planting undisturbed grass cover as an
alternative to annual crops.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
208. Impact of the Conservation Reserve Program
on wildlife conservation in the Midwest.
Ryan, M. R.
In: A comprehensive review of Farm
Bill contributions wildlife conservation, 1985-2000/ Heard, L. P;
Hohman, W. L.; Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management
Institute (U.S.); Series: Technical Report
USDA/NRCS/WHMI.
Madison, MS: USDA, NRCS, Wildlife
Habitat Management Institute, 2000; pp. 45-54
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
wildlife habitats/ wildlife management
209. The importance of Conservation Reserve
Program fields to breeding grassland birds at Buffalo Ridge,
Minnesota.
Leddy, Krecia L.; Higgins, Kenneth
F.; and Naugle, David E.
South Dakota Academy of
Science: Proceedings
76: 105-111. (1997); ISSN: 0096-378X.
Notes: Papers presented at The 82nd Annual Meeting of
the South Dakota Academy of Science, April 25-26, 1997, Northern
State University, Aberdeen, South Dakota. Editor: Higgins, Kenneth
F.
Descriptors:
Passeriformes/ agricultural crops/
habits/ behavior/ birds/ breeding/ Conservation Reserve Program/
density/ ecosystems/ farmland/ grasslands/ habitat management/
habitat use/ management/ pastures/ species diversity/ wildlife/
North America/ United States/ Minnesota/
Minnesota, Southwestern
Abstract: Nongame birds were surveyed during summer
1995 at Buffalo Ridge in southwestern Minnesota, to evaluate the
importance of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands to
local avifauna. Bird abundance and composition were compared among
three habitat types (CRP grasslands, pasturelands, and croplands)
using an index to breeding bird density (i.e., number of singing
males/transect area), percent species composition, and total
species richness. Vertical height and density of vegetation were
measured early in the growing season (mid-May) and during the peak
of the growing season (mid-June) to determine whether vegetative
structure was related to bird use of vegetation. Conservation
Reserve Program fields had higher vegetation measurements and
supported higher bird densities and species richness than
pasturelands and croplands. Mean bird density (birds/100 ha) in CRP
grasslands was 312.5 compared to 166.7 in pasturelands and only
75.0 in croplands. Ten bird species were present in CRP grasslands
compared to eight in pasturelands and nine in croplands. The
presence of three native bird species (sedge wren, dickcissel, and
clay-colored sparrow) in CRP grasslands that were not found in
pasturelands or croplands indicated that CRP grasslands were an
important habitat type for maintaining avian diversity at Buffalo
Ridge.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
210. The Influence of Field Age On Mammalian
Relative Abundance, Diversity, and Distribution On Conservation
Reserve Program Lands in Michigan.
Furrow, Ly Thi
East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University, 1995.
Notes: Masters Thesis; Cited: Masters Abstracts
International 33 (05): p. 1442
Descriptors:
Agriculture, Forestry &
Wildlife/ conservation/ wildlife distribution/ prairies/
meadows/ agricultural conservation
programs
Abstract: Past research evaluating wildlife
use of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands have focused
primarily on avian populations as indicators of wildlife habitat
quality. In addition to avian species, mammals may also serve as
indicators of wildlife habitat quality and have not been adequately
evaluated on CRP lands. Relative small mammal abundance, species
composition, diversity, and vegetative characteristics were
examined on replicated CP1 fields of 6 age classes and on
agricultural fields in Gratiot County, Michigan in 1992 and 1993.
Additionally, predator scent stations were used to monitor medium
sized mammals associated with CRP fields. Results suggest that the
structure and composition of various age classes of CRP fields
influenced mammal abundance, richness, and diversity. Reverting CRP
lands to cropland may have significant impacts on a diversity of
mammal species that depend on habitat conditions provided by these
grasslands.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
211. Influence of the Conservation Reserve
Program on landscape structure and potential upland wildlife
habitat.
Weber, Whitney L; Roseberry, John
L; and Woolf, Alan
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 30 (3): 888-898.
(Fall 2002)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648
Descriptors:
Conservation/ Conservation
measures/ Land and freshwater zones/ Nearctic region/ North
America/ United States/ Comprehensive Zoology/ Habitat
management/ Illinois: South and west central/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ landscape structure/ upland wildlife habitat/
Phasianidae: Galliformes, Aves/ Birds/ Chordates/
Vertebrates
© Thomson
212. The influence of the CRP on grasshopper
sparrow population trends in the mid-continental United
States.
Herkert, James R.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 26 (2): 227-231.
(1998)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648
Descriptors:
Fringillidae/ Passeriformes/
Ammodramus savannarum/ birds/ Conservation Reserve Program/
ecosystems/ habitat management/ land use/ land, private/
management/ population ecology/ techniques/ wildlife/ wildlife/
habitat relationships/ conservation programs/ sparrows/ abundance/
evaluation/ habitat changes/ grasshopper sparrow/ North America/
United States/ Northcentral States
Abstract: Data suggest that a balance of both
managed and undisturbed Conservation Reserve Program lands in the
northcentral United States would be most beneficial to a wide
variety of grassland birds, including the grasshopper
sparrow.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
213. Land-use changes and hunter participation:
The case of the Conservation Reserve Program.
Langner, L. L.
Transactions of the North
American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference (54th): 382-390. (1989)
NAL Call #:
412.9-N814; ISSN: 0078-1355 [NAWTA]
Descriptors:
erosion control/ land use/ soil
conservation/ wildlife management/ United States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
214. Land-use patterns surrounding greater
prairie-chicken leks in northwestern Minnesota.
Merrill, M. D.; Chapman, K. A.;
Poiani, K. A.; and Winter, B.
Journal of Wildlife
Management 63 (1): 189-198.
(Jan. 1999)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X
Descriptors:
Land use / Lek/ Wildlife
management/ Tympanuchus cupido / United States, Minnesota/ Greater
prairie chicken/ Management
Abstract: To better manage wildlife populations,
managers must know which combination of land uses creates optimal
habitat. We used spatial analysis at a landscape scale to describe
land-use patterns and patch characteristics surrounding leks of
greater prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus L.) in the
Agassiz Beach Ridges (ABR) landscape (2,467 km super(2)) in
northwest Minnesota. We hypothesized that types and patterns of
land use favorable to greater prairie-chickens would be associated
positively with lek versus non-lek points, and particularly more
stable (traditional) leks. Using a Geographic Information System
(GIS), we analyzed land-use proportions and patch characteristics
within an 810-ha area (1.6-km radius) surrounding traditional leks,
temporary leks, and randomly located non-lek points. We found
locations of greater prairie-chicken leks were strongly dependent
on land use as revealed by a multivariate analysis of variance
(MANOVA; P < 0.001). A discriminant function analysis and
univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that several
land-use characteristics were associated most strongly with leks:
smaller amounts of residential-farmstead, smaller amounts and
smaller patches of forest, and greater amounts of Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) lands. Comparisons between traditional and
temporary leks revealed that traditional leks were surrounded by a
lesser proportion of forest and cropland than were temporary leks
(P < 0.001). Univariate ANOVAs showed that traditional leks also
were associated with larger patches of grassland (P < 0.001),
and grassland (P = 0.016) and forest patches (P = 0.017) having
more irregular shapes. Our study suggests efforts to manage and
conserve greater prairie-chicken populations in the Tallgrass
Prairie Region should focus on landscape-scale land-use patterns in
addition to local habitat characteristics. Landscape-scale efforts
could include enlarging grasslands around traditional leks by
completing prairie restorations and CRP plantings, while
local-scale strategies should seek to improve the quality of
habitat in existing and new grassland areas.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
215. Male dickcissels feed nestlings in
east-central Illinois.
Maddox, J. D. and Bollinger, E.
K.
Wilson Bulletin
112 (1): 153-155. (Mar.
2000)
NAL Call #:
413.8 W692; ISSN: 0043-5643
Descriptors:
Feeding behavior/ Paternal
behavior/ Nests/ Food availability/ Illinois/ Spiza americana/
Dickcissel/ Birds/ United States
Abstract: We observed male Dickcissels (Spiza
americana) commonly feeding nestlings in Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) fields in 1997 in east-central Illinois. Male
Dickcissels fed nestlings at six of the eight nests we observed,
accounting for 37% of the total nest visits. Overall, females made
significantly more nest visits than males. However, at the six
male-assisted nests, the number of male and female nest visits did
not differ significantly. Male Dickcissel feeding behavior may have
been prompted by low food abundance. Males were not observed
feeding nestlings in 1998, when overall nest success was higher and
nestling starvation was less than in 1997.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
216. Mammalian species composition, diversity,
and succession in Conservation Reserve Program
grasslands.
Hall, D. L. and Willig, M.
R.
Southwestern
Naturalist 39: 11-10.
(1994)
NAL Call #:
409.6 So8; ISSN: 0038-4909
Descriptors:
Mammalia / species composition/
species diversity/ succession/ nature reserves/ Texas/
Conservation/ United States
Abstract: Species diversity and composition of
small mammals were each compared between Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) grasslands and native shortgrass prairie on the
Southern High Plains of Texas. Small mammals were livetrapped in
all four seasons during a one-year interval at six CRP sites (1, 2,
and 3 years of age) and two control sites. Two factors
(vegetational heterogeneity and age of habitat) known to affect
species diversity were analyzed by a variety of quantitative
methods. No significant differences in mammalian diversity
(Fisher's log series alpha) were found among sites, and diversity
was not significantly correlated with vegetational heterogeneity or
site age. Species composition (proportional density of species) was
significantly different among all sites in each season. Regardless
of season, a priori hierarchical comparisons revealed significant
differences in the proportional abundances of species between all
CRP sites as a group and in the control sites. The CRP grasslands
simulate shortgrass prairies in species diversity, but not in
species composition. Differences in species composition between CRP
grasslands and shortgrass prairie may be a result of the lack of
natural disturbances (i.e., grazing, fire) on the CRP
grasslands.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
217. Managing your CRP for wildlife.
United States Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service NRCS,
2002
http://www.kdwp.state.ks.us/news/content/download/977/4809/file/MnagngCRP.pdf
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
United States
Abstract: Addressed the issue of wildlife
habitat management and enhancement practices to better target CRP
objectives.
218. Modeling the Effects of Conservation
Reserve Program Lands On the Diversity and Abundance of Wildlife
and Plant Species in A Temperate Agro-ecosystem.
Minnis, Richard B.
East Lansing, MI: Michigan State
University, 1996.
Notes: Degree: MSC; Cited: Masters Abstracts
International 34(05): p. 1842, October 1996
Descriptors:
Agriculture, Forestry &
Wildlife/ Environmental Sciences/ conservation/ forest fauna/ land
use
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) provides the opportunity to model changes in wildlife and
plant species composition in agricultural landscapes when land use
practices are altered. Avian, mammalian, invertebrate, and
vegetation characteristics were examined in 5 age classes (1-5
growing seasons) of CRP fields in Gratiot County, Michigan in 1992.
Models developed from the data indicate that both field specific
and landscape variables are important in predicting wildlife
abundance and diversity. Field specific variables that describe the
successional changes in vegetation composition and structure of CRP
fields were important in predicting the relative abundance and
diversity of invertebrate and avian species. Landscape variables
such as the proportion and juxtaposition of different cover types
within the landscape also significantly (P $< $ 0.10) affected
wildlife diversity and abundance. Maintaining a diversity of CRP
age classes within a landscape, through enrollment or periodic
manipulation of fields, produces the highest and most stable
overall wildlife diversity.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
219. New Mexico's CRP and wildlife habitat
improvement.
Schmidt, Robert J. Jr.;
Mullins, Charles J.; Woody, Monty; and Knight, Jim
North American Wildlife and
Natural Resources Conference, Transactions 55: 68-73 . (1990);
ISSN: 0078-1355.
Notes: WR 222
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Programs/
habitat management/ management/ wildlife/ North America/ United
States/ New Mexico
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
220. Nongame bird nesting on CRP lands in the
Texas Southern High Plains.
Berthelsen, Peter S. and Smith,
Loren M.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 50 (6):
672-675. 1995. (
1995)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561.
Notes: Special issue on wetlands.
Includes references.
Descriptors:
Fringillidae/ Passeriformes/
Agelaius phoeniceus/ Aimophila cassinii/ Ammodramus
savannarum/ Sturnella neglecta/ agricultural practices/ birds/
clutches/ communities/ conservation programs/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ distribution/ ecosystems/ grasslands/ habitat management/
land use/ management/ nesting sites/ nests/ nesting/ nongame
wildlife/ productivity/ species diversity/ Texas/ Texas, Southern/
wildlife/ agricultural land/ land diversion/ environmental impact/
permanent grasslands/ wild birds/ species/ diversity/ density/
habitats/ federal programs/ nest density/ agricultural economics
(general)/ land development, land reform, and utilization
(macroeconomics)/ natural resources land resources/ western
meadowlark/ red winged blackbird/ grasshopper sparrow/
Cassin's sparrow/ North America/ United States
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
221. Northern Prairie Science Center
Conservation Reserve Biblilography.
Allen, A. W., 2002
http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/crpbib/crpbib.htm
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
United States
Abstract: Bibliography of documents relating
to effects of CRP on wildlife.
222. Observations of avian nesting activity in
burned and non-burned weeping lovegrass CRP.
Oberheu, D.; Mitchell, R.;
Dabbert, B.; and Davis, S.
Texas Journal of
Agriculture and Natural Resources 12: 14-17. (1999)
NAL Call #:
S1.T49; ISSN: 0891-5466.
Notes: Publisher: Agriculture Consortium of Texas /
Kingsville, Tx.
Descriptors:
eragrostis curvula/ wild birds/
habitats/ nesting/ nature conservation/ nests/ prescribed burning /
species/ drought/ ground cover/ endangered species/
Texas
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
223. Opportunities for enhancing wildlife
benefits through the Conservation Reserve Program.
Isaacs, B. and Howell,
D.
Transactions of the North
American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference (53rd): 222-231. (1988)
NAL Call #:
412.9-N814; ISSN: 0078-1355 [NAWTA]
Descriptors:
wildlife conservation/ conservation
areas/ farmland/ windbreaks/ woody plants/ United States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
224. Perceptions of wildlife damage by
Conservation Reserve Program contract holders in Riley County,
Kansas.
Hughes, J. P. and Gipson, P.
S.
Proceedings - Vertebrate
Pest Conference : 154-157. (1996)
NAL Call #:
SB950.A1V4; ISSN: 0507-6773 [PVPCBM]
Descriptors:
vertebrate pests/ crop damage/
surveys
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
225. Plow: Lessons Learned From CRP -
Counterpoint, Negative Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program
on Prairie Wildlife.
Bidwell, T. G.
In: 50th Annual Meeting of the
Society for Range Management. (Held 15 Feb 1997-20 Feb 1997 at Rapid City, SD
(USA).); 1997.
Notes: Conference Sponsor: South Dakota Section of the
Society for Range Management; HQ: Society for Range Management
(Denver, CO); World Meeting Number 971 0113
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
226. Population trends of the Henslow's sparrow
in relation to the Conservation Reserve Program in Illinois,
1975-1995.
Herkert, J. R.
Journal of Field
Ornithology 68 (2): 235-244.
(1997)
NAL Call #:
413.8 B534; ISSN: 0273-8570
Descriptors:
Ammodramus henslowii/ population
status/ agricultural practices/ government policy/ conservation/
Illinois/ Birds/ United States
Abstract: Data from Illinois' Spring Bird Count was
used to estimate long-term population trends of Henslow's Sparrows
in Illinois and to examine if the Conservation Reserve Program has
affected these trends. Spring Bird Count data suggest that
Henslow's Sparrow populations in Illinois have declined
significantly over the last 21 yr, with an estimated average rate
of decline of 7.1% per year between 1975-1995. These data
corroborate analyses of other long-term data sets and provide
additional support for the general impression that populations of
this species have declined in many parts of its range. Analyses of
the potential benefits of the Conservation Reserve Program for
Henslow's Sparrows revealed that recent population trends
(1987-1995) in counties with high enrollment in this program were
significantly greater than trends in counties with little
Conservation Reserve Program enrollment. Although these data
suggest that the Conservation Reserve Program may have benefitted
Henslow's Sparrows in Illinois, this benefit has been insufficient
to offset long-term declines due to other factors. Other
conservation actions, beyond those associated with efforts aimed at
reauthorizing and improving the Conservation Reserve Program, will
likely be needed to achieve adequate protection for this
species.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
227. Potential effects on grassland birds of
converting marginal cropland to switchgrass biomass
production.
Murray, L. D.; Best, L. B.;
Jacobsen, T. J.; and Braster, M. L.
Biomass and
Bioenergy 25 (2): 167-175.
(2003); ISSN:
0961-9534
Descriptors:
Biotechnology & Applied
Microbiology/ biomass/ birds/ energy crops/ switchgrass (Panicum
virgatum)/ watershed/ wildlife/ Conservation Reserve Program/
habitat selection/ CRP fields/ communities/ abundance/
Missouri
Abstract: Habitat loss is a major reason for the
decline of grassland birds in North America. Five habitats
(pastures, hayfields, rowcrop fields, small-grain fields,
Conservation Reserve Program fields) compose most of the habitat
used by grassland birds in the Midwest United States. Growing and
harvesting switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) as a biomass fuel would
create another habitat for grassland birds. Bird abundance
information from studies conducted in Iowa and adjacent states and
land-use data for the Rathbun Lake Watershed in southern Iowa were
used in a Geographic Information System to model the potential
effects on bird abundances of converting rowcrop fields to biomass
production. Abundances of bird species that are management
priorities increased in both biomass scenarios. Common yellowthroat
(Geothlypis trichas) abundance in the watershed also increased
greatly in both scenarios. Other species (e.g., horned lark
(Eremophila alpestris), killdeer (Charadrius vociferous)) were more
abundant in the existing land use than in the biomass scenarios,
and conversion of fields from rowcrop to biomass production could
be detrimental to these species. In general, biomass fields will
provide habitat for grassland birds that are management priorities,
but future monitoring of birds in such fields is needed as
conversion of rowcrop fields to biomass production
continues.
© Thomson
228. Predation rates on real and artificial
nests of grassland birds.
Davison, W. B. and Bollinger,
E.
Auk 117 (1): 147-153. (Jan. 2000)
NAL Call #:
413.8 AU4; ISSN: 0004-8038
Descriptors:
Nests/ Predation/ Site selection/
Human impact/ Grasslands/ Illinois/ Aves/ Birds/ Birds/ United
States
Abstract: We estimated nesting success at real and
artificial nests of grassland birds to test the influence of nest
type, nest position, and egg size on predation rates. We
distributed wicker nests and realistic woven-grass nests baited
with a clay egg and either a Northern Bobwhite (Colinus
virginianus) egg or a House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) egg in four
grasslands that were part of the Conservation Reserve Program in
east-central Illinois. Nesting success averaged 86.5% for 12 days
of exposure for artificial nests. For real nests, nesting success
was markedly lower, averaging 39% over the entire nesting cycle and
59% during approximately 12 days of incubation. Wicker nests were
depredated more often than woven-grass artificial nests (18% vs.
8%), and nests baited with House Sparrow eggs were depredated more
often than nests baited with Northern Bobwhite eggs (22% vs. 9%).
Elevated and ground nests were depredated at the same rate.
Patterns of nest predation on wicker nests were markedly different
from depredation patterns on real nests over time and among fields.
In contrast, patterns of nest predation on realistic woven-grass
nests corresponded much more closely with predation rates of real
nests over time and among fields. We suggest that future artificial
nest studies use nests and eggs that mimic as closely as possible
the real nests and eggs of target species. Use of unrealistic
artificial nests and eggs, at least in grasslands, may result in
patterns of predation that do not accurately reflect those of real
nests. Artificial nests of any type appear to underestimate
predation rates on nests of grassland birds, possibly because of a
lack of snake predation on artificial nests.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
229. Predicting juniper encroachment and CRP
effects on avian community dynamics in southern mixed-grass
prairie, USA.
Coppedge, B. R.; Engle, D. M.;
Masters, R. E.; and Gregory, M. S.
Biological
Conservation 115 (3):
431-441. (2004)
NAL Call #:
S900.B5; ISSN: 0006-3207.
Notes: Number of References: 66
Descriptors:
Environment/ Ecology/ breeding bird
survey/ Conservation Reserve Program/ grassland/ juniper/ logistic
regression/ Oklahoma/ conservation reserve program/ great plains
grasslands/ woody plant invasion/ population trends/ breeding
birds/ North America/ United States/ cover type/ fields/
vegetation
Abstract: The probability of occurrence of 30 bird
species was modeled as a function of landscape covertype in
northwestern Oklahoma, USA. This grassland region has been
extensively fragmented by agricultural activity, and remnant
grassland patches are undergoing severe degradation from
encroaching juniper (Juniperus virginiana L.). In addition, many
marginal or highly erodable croplands have been placed into
perennial pasture dominated by exotic grasses under the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Based on temporal patterns of
landscape change observed between 1965 and 1995, we estimated the
covertype composition of the landscapes in the year 2015 under
various CRP administrative and juniper expansion/control scenarios.
We then used logistic regression to predict bird responses to these
landscape composition estimates. Our estimates suggest that at the
current rate of expansion, juniper will overtake substantial areas
of remnant grassland even with extensive control measures. As a
result, some obligate and facultative grassland birds are projected
to decline, while numerous species tolerant of or partially reliant
on woody vegetation will increase. Landscape dynamics due to
changes in the CRP might be significant and could be designed to
benefit declining grassland birds, but these benefits thus far are
relatively minor compared to the effects encroaching juniper
woodlands will have on the landscape and the avian community. (C)
2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
© Thomson ISI
230. Pronghorn use of agricultural land in
northwestern South Dakota.
Griffin, S. L.
Brookings, SD: South Dakota State
University, 1991.
Notes: M.S. thesis
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ South Dakota
Abstract: Studied the seasonal use of CRP
grasslands by pronghorns.
231. Recreational opportunities on CRP
Lands.
Varnedoe, L. E.
Conservation Reserve
Program Forest Land Opportunities (13) (1995)
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
United States
Abstract: Compared consumptive and non-consumptive
uses of recreational lands, along with wildlife associated
recreation.
232. Relation of grassland bird abundance to
mowing of Conservation Reserve Program fields in North
Dakota.
Horn, D. J. and Koford, R.
R.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 28 (3): 653-659.
(2000)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648
Descriptors:
Grasslands/ Mowing/ Conservation/
Population decline/ North Dakota/ Cistothorus platensis/
Passerculus sandwichensis/ Sedge wren/ Savannah sparrow/
Conservation/ Birds/ United States
Abstract: One factor that may be contributing to
declines of several grassland bird species is mowing of grassland
fields. We compared the relative abundance of birds in idled and
mowed portions of grassland fields to investigate the influence of
mowing in the previous summer on the grassland bird community. The
study occurred in central North Dakota in 12 reseeded cropland
fields enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program. Sedge wrens
(Cistothorus platensis) were more abundant in idled portions of
grassland fields, whereas savannah sparrows (Passerculus
sandwichensis) were more abundant in portions of fields that were
mowed the previous year. Our findings are similar to other studies
indicating that several grassland bird species in the central
United States and Canada respond consistently to mowing.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
233. Relationships of habitat patch size to
predator community and survival of duck nests.
Sovada, M. A.; Zicus, M. C.;
Greenwood, R. J.; Rave, D. P.; Newton, W. E.; Woodward, R. O.; and
Beiser, J. A.
Journal of Wildlife
Management 64
(3): 820-831. (2000)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X
Descriptors:
Patches/ Habitat/ Predators/
Survival/ Nests/ United States, Minnesota/ United States, North
Dakota/ United States, South Dakota/ Community composition/ Aquatic
birds/ Breeding success/ Area/ Anatidae/ Mammalia/ United States,
Minnesota/ United States, North Dakota/ United States, South
Dakota/ Ducks/ Mammals/ patch size/ Prairie Pothole Region/
Mammals/ Environmental effects
Abstract: We studied duck nest success and predator
community composition in relation to size of discrete patches of
nesting cover in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the United
States in 1993-95. We focused on nests in uplands that were seeded
to perennial grasses and forbs and enrolled in the Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota.
We estimated daily survival rates (DSRs) of upland duck nests and
indices of activity for red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis
latrans), American badgers (Taxidea taxus), striped skunks
(Mephitis mephitis), and Franklin's ground squirrels (Spermophilus
franklinii), and related these variables to habitat patch size. The
effect of patch size (small vs. large) on estimated annual mean DSR
was dependent on date of nest initiation (early vs. late) and year.
Examination of within-year comparisons for early and late nests
suggested that DSR was generally greater in larger habitat patches.
Activity indices for the 5 mammalian nest predators were influenced
differently by year, location, and patch size. Activity indices of
the red fox were greatest in small patches. Coyote indices were the
most inconsistent, demonstrating a year x location x patch size
interaction. Activity indices of the striped skunk and American
badger varied only among years. Franklin's ground squirrel indices
were affected by study area location, with higher indices in the
southeast than the northwest. Red fox activity was weakly
correlated with that of the striped skunk and coyote. Although a
positive relationship between habitat patch size and nest success
probably exists, we believe the experiment to fully test this
hypothesis will continue to be elusive.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
234. Reproductive success of grasshopper
sparrows in relation to edge.
Delisle, Jennifer M and Savidge,
Julie A
Prairie Naturalist 28 (3): 107-114.
(1996)
NAL Call #:
QH540 .P7; ISSN: 0091-0376
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
ecology/ edge relation/ reproductive success/ Southeast Nebraska/
wildlife management/ animals/ birds/ chordates/ nonhuman
vertebrates/ vertebrates/ animal (Animalia Unspecified)/
grasshopper sparrow (Passeriformes)/ Ammodramus savannarum
(Passeriformes)
Abstract: Using an index based on observations of
breeding behaviors, we estimated reproductive success of 31
territorial grasshopper sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) on
Conservation Reserve Program fields in southeast Nebraska.
Reproductive success was 52%, and no difference was detected
between birds holding interior (gt 100 m from the edge) vs. edge
territories. However, grasshopper sparrows appeared to avoid
nesting within 50 m of edge habitats. Territories ranged from
0.36-1.24 ha, and territory size did not differ between successful
and unsuccessful males.
© Thomson
235. Reuse of annual set-aside lands:
Implications for wildlife.
Frawley, B. J. and Walters,
S.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 24 (4):
655-659. (Winter 1996)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648 [WLSBA6]
Descriptors:
agricultural land/ land management/
wildlife/ conservation/ Indiana/ Conservation Reserve
Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
236. Ring-necked pheasant nesting ecology and
production on CRP lands in the Texas Southern High
Plains.
Berthelsen, Peter S.; Smith, Loren
M.; and George, Ronnie R.
North American Wildlife and
Natural Resources Conference, Transactions 55: 46-56. (1990);
ISSN: 0078-1355.
Notes: WR 222
Descriptors:
Galliformes/ Phasianidae/ Phasianus
colchicus/ birds / behavior/ Conservation Reserve Programs/
management/ nests/ nesting/ productivity/ wildlife/ common
pheasant/ fertility/ recruitment/ density/ North America/ United
States/ Texas/
Texas, Northwestern
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
237. The Role of the Conservation Reserve
Program in Relation to Wildlife Enhancement, Wetlands and Adjacent
Habitats in the Northern Great Plains.
Higgins, K. F.; Nomsen, D. E.; and
Wentz, W. A.
In: General Technical Report RM;
Vol. 159.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1987.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado.
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
Regional conservation programs/ Northern Great Plains
Abstract: Focused on the value of CRP
grasslands directly related to wetlands and their associated
wildlife (primary migratory birds).
238. The role of trees and shrubs as economic
enterprises and wildlife habitat development in the Great
Plains.
Hoefer, P. and Bratton, G.
F.
In: General Technical Report
RM.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
109-112.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains,"
held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver,
Colorado.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
soil conservation/ resource
conservation/ revegetation/ erosion control/ shrubs/ trees/
wildlife/ habitats/ northern plains states of USA/ southern plains
states of USA/ Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
239. The role of wildlife as an economic input
into a farming or ranching operation.
Bryant, F. C. and Smith, L.
M.
In: General Technical Report
RM.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
95-98.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
farming/ wildlife/ wildlife
management/ economic impact/ Texas/ Conservation Reserve Program/
high plains/ rolling plains
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
240. Rural economic effects of the Conservation
Reserve Program in North Dakota.
Bangsund DA; Leistritz FL; and
Hodur NM
Fargo, N.D.: Department of
Agribusiness and Applied Economics, North Dakota State University,
2002. viii; 117 p. Agribusiness and Applied Economics
Report (AAER).
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
241. Seasonal use of Conservation Reserve
Program fields by white-tailed deer in eastern South
Dakota.
Gould, J.
Brookings, SD: South Dakota State
University, 1991.
Notes: M.S. Thesis
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ South Dakota
Abstract: CRP land cover and maintenance
practices, where white-tailed deer populations nested in eastern
South Dakota, were examined.
242. Seasonal use of Conservation Reserve
Program lands by white-tailed deer in East-Central South
Dakota.
Gould, Jeffrey H. and Jenkins,
Kurt J.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 21 (3): 250-255.
(1993)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648.
Notes: WR 240; Project Number: SD W-075-R/Study 7541
Descriptors:
Odocoileus virginianus/ behavior/
Conservation Reserve Programs/ habitat use/ management/ mammals/
season/ wildlife/ odocoileus virginianus/ habitat selection/
seasonal variation/ diurnal variation/ conservation areas/
telemetry/ natural resources/ agriculture (general)/ deer, white
tailed/ land, private/ cultivated farmland/ policies and programs/
habitat/ utilization/ seasons/ seasonal activities/ white tailed
deer/ North America/ United States/ South Dakota/ East central
region/ Brookings County/ Kingsbury County/ Lake County/
United States
Abstract: Objectives were to describe variation in
deer use of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands by season,
diel period, and deer activity class as a means of assessing
seasonal importance of CRP fields to white-tailed deer in the
agricultural midwest. Use of CRP fields was determined by locating
radiomarked female deer from 15 September 1989 to 31 December
1990.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
243. Seed availability in grazed pastures and
Conservation Reserve Program fields during winter in
Kansas.
Klute, D. S.; Robel, R. J.; and
Kemp, K. E.
Journal of Field
Ornithology 68 (2): 253-258.
(1997)
NAL Call #:
413.8 B534; ISSN: 0273-8570
Descriptors:
grasslands/ seeds/ abundance/
winter/ agricultural practices/ government policy/ Kansas/
Management/ United States
Abstract: Studies have documented the importance of
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields to breeding birds, but
few have examined them as food sources for wintering birds. We
compared the biomass of seeds in CRP fields to that in grazed
native grass pastures in northeastern Kansas during two winters.
Log transformed total seed biomass was significantly lower in
grazed pastures than in CRP fields during the first winter but not
the second. Total seed biomass in CRP fields was highly variable,
and decreased between November and February. Seeds that were
typically abundant in CRP fields are important food items of
wintering grassland birds. In conclusion, CRP fields are superior
to grazed native grass pastures in northeastern Kansas as winter
foraging habitat for birds.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
244. Selection of flooded agricultural fields
and other landscapes by female northern pintails wintering in
Tulare Basin, California.
Fleskes, J. P.; Jarvis, R. L.; and
Gilmer, D. S.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 31 (3): 793-803.
(2003)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648.
Notes: Number of References: 49
Descriptors:
Environment/ Ecology/ Anas acuta/
California/ habitat selection/ northern pintail/ San Joaquin
Valley/ Tulare Basin/ San Joaquin Valley/ habitat use/ sacramento
valley/ feeding ecology/ waterfowl/ ducks/ shorebirds/ movements/
wetlands
Abstract: Habitat selection and use are measures of
relative importance of habitats to wildlife and necessary
information for effective wildlife conservation. To measure the
relative importance of flooded agricultural fields and other
landscapes to northern pintails (Anas acuta) wintering in Tulare
Basin (TB), California, we radiotagged female pintails during late
August-early October, 1991-1993 in TB and other San Joaquin Valley
areas and determined use and selection of these TB landscapes
through March each year. Availability of landscape and field types
in TB changed within and among years. Pintail use and selection
(based upon use-to-availability log ratios) of landscape and field
types differed among seasons, years, and diel periods. Fields
flooded after harvest and before planting (i.e., pre-irrigated)
were the most available, used, and selected landscape type before
the hunting season (Prehunt). Safflower was the most available,
used, and-except in 1993, when pre-irrigated fallow was
available-selected pre-irrigated field type during Prehunt.
Pre-irrigated barley-wheat received 19-22% of use before hunting
season, but selection varied greatly among years and diel periods.
During and after hunting season, managed marsh was the most
available, used, and, along with floodwater areas, selected
landscape type; pre-irrigated cotton and alfalfa were the least
selected field types and accounted for less than or equal to13% of
pintail use. Agricultural drainwater evaporation ponds, sewage
treatment ponds, and reservoirs accounted for 42-48% of flooded
landscape available but were little used and least selected. Exodus
of pintails from TB coincided with drying of pre-irrigated fallow,
safflower, and barley-wheat fields early in winter, indicating that
preferred habitats were lacking in TB during late winter.
Agriculture conservation programs could improve TB for pintails by
increasing flooding of fallow and harvested safflower and grain
fields. Conservation of remaining wetlands should concentrate on
increasing the amount and productivity of marsh that is
shallow-flooded as pre-irrigated grain fields dry. If pintails were
provided with adequate preferred field and marsh habitats,
including hunt-day sanctuaries, contaminant risks associated with
exposure to drainwater evaporation ponds probably should remain low
for these waterfowl even if their abundance in TB
increased.
© Thomson ISI
245. Short-Term Bird Response to Harvesting
Switchgrass for Biomass in Iowa.
Murray, LD and Best, LB
Journal of Wildlife
Management 67 (3):
611-621. (July 2003)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X
Descriptors:
Biomass/ Birds/ Energy Crops/
Grassland/ Iowa/ Nest Success/ Panicum Virgatum/ Switchgrass/
Conservation Reserve Program/ Grassland Birds/ Nest Success/ North
Dakota/ CRP Fields/ Abundance/ Habitat/ Vegetation/
Pheasants/ Survival
Abstract: Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
provides habitat for grassland birds, but as contracts expire, some
CRP fields might be returned to rowcrop production. One alternative
to returning CRP fields to rowcrops is to produce switchgrass
(Panicum virgatum) for use as a biomass fuel. Because the biomass
is harvested during the fall and winter, breeding birds would not
be directly affected by mowing the fields but might be influenced
by changes in vegetation structure resulting from the harvest. We
evaluated bird abundances and nest success in totally, harvested,
partially harvested (alternating cut and uncut strips), and
nonharvested CRP switchgrass fields in southern Iowa, USA, in 1999
and 2000. Species richness did not differ among harvest treatments.
Abundances of most species (16 of 18) were not affected by the
harvesting of switchgrass fields, and strip width did not affect
bird numbers in strip- harvested fields. Grasshopper sparrows
(Ammodramus savannarum) were more abundant in harvested portions of
fields, and more sedge wrens (Cistothorus platensis) were recorded
in nonharvested areas. The residual vegetation in nonharvested
areas provided nest cover for species that begin nesting early in
the season (e.g., northern harrier [Circus cyaneus] and ring-necked
pheasant [Phasianus colchicus]). Nest success rates of grasshopper
sparrows and common yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas) were similar
to those reported by other studies in switchgrass fields and might
be sufficient to maintain stable populations. In general,
switchgrass biomass fields create breeding habitat for some
grassland birds, and a Mixture of harvested and nonharvested fields
would be more beneficial to grassland birds than totally harvesting
or partially harvesting all switchgrass fields.
© Thomson ISI
246. Small mammal populations occurring in a
diversified winter wheat cropping system.
Olson RA and Brewer MJ
Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment
95 (1): 311-319; 33 ref.
(2003)
NAL Call #:
S601 .A34
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
247. Spring burning: Resulting avian abundance
and nesting in Kansas CRP.
Robel, R. J.; Hughes, J. P.; Hull,
S. D.; Kemp, K. E.; and Klute, D. S.
Journal of Range
Management 51 (2):
132-138. (Mar. 1998)
NAL Call #:
60.18-J82; ISSN: 0022-409X [JRMGAQ]
Descriptors:
fire ecology/ prescribed burning/
brush control/ wild birds/ nests/ Kansas
Abstract: Spring burning is used to control
invasion by woody vegetation of rangelands in eastern Kansas and
also of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields planted to native
grasses. We measured the effects of spring burning of CRP fields on
vegetation structure and avian populations in northeastern Kansas
during the summers of 1992 through 1995. Several vegetation
characteristics differed between burned and unburned CRP fields in
May, but few differed in July. Mean avian abundance on burned CRP
fields was 5.6 birds km-1 of survey transect, significantly less (P
< 0.01) than the 8.6 km-1 on unburned fields. The
avian-assemblages on burned and unburned fields differed more in
May/June [Morisita's Index to Similarity (MIS) = 0.86] than in
June/July or July/August (MIS = 0.98 and 0.97, respectively). Avian
species richness ranged from 12 to 21 on burned fields and from 10
to 19 on unburned fields. A total of 27 nests was found on burned
fields, significantly less (P < 0.01) than the 372 found on
unburned fields. The 22.2% nesting success on burned fields was not
significantly different (P = 0.205) than the 34.1% success on
unburned fields. Spring burning reduced bird-nest numbers in the
summer of the same year, but did not reduce significantly (P =
0.235) the number of nests found in those fields the following
summers nor the abundance of birds or nesting success. Avoidance of
annual burning would reduce adverse impacts on bird populations
relying on CRP fields for nesting habitat.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
248. Status and management of the greater
prairie-chicken Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus in North
America.
Svedarsky, W. D.; Westemeier, R.
L.; Robel, R. J.; Gough, S.; and Toepher, J. E.
Wildlife Biology
6 (4): 277-284. (Dec.
2000);
ISSN: 0909-6396
Descriptors:
Management/ Biogeography/
Grasslands/ Conservation/ North America/ Tympanuchus cupido
pinnatus/ Management
Abstract: Greater prairie-chickens Tympanuchus
cupido pinnatus are grouse of the tallgrass prairie of North
America. Their range expanded greatly following the spread of early
European agriculture into the grasslands and logging in forested
areas. When the optimum mix of cropland and grass was exceeded,
their range generally contracted to the regions where climatic
and/or soil factors favoured the retention of grassland.
Historically they probably occurred in 20 states of the United
States and four Canadian provinces, but presently they only occur
in 11 states and no longer in Canada. Their current status
throughout the range varies considerably depending on habitat
conditions, population levels, management capabilities and local
land-use economic factors. A variety of conservation efforts,
including translocation, are underway in the states where they
occur, the intensity of which is generally inverse to numbers
remaining. Noteworthy, is the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
which has increased grassland cover on private land through
incentive payments.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
249. Strategies for biodiversity
protection.
Bean, Michael J.
In: Precious heritage: The status
of biodiversity in the United States/ Stein, Bruce A.; Kutner, Lynn
S.;
and Adams, Jonathan S.
New York: Oxford, 2000; pp.
255-273
Descriptors:
Wetlands Reserve Program/
biodiversity protection/ conservation interests/ conservation land
acquisition/ land trusts/ land use/ water use/ wildlife refuges/
Animals/ Plants/ animal (Animalia)/ plant (Plantae)
© Thomson
250. Structural characteristics of vegetation
in CRP fields in Northern Missouri and their suitability as
bobwhite habitat.
Burger, Loren W.; Kurzejeski, E.;
Dailey, Thomas V.; and Ryan, Mark R.
North American Wildlife and
Natural Resources Conference, Transactions 55: 74-83. (1990);
ISSN: 0078-1355.
Notes: WR 222
Descriptors:
Galliformes/ Odontophoridae/
Colinus virginianus/ Conservation Reserve Program/ habitat
classification/ habitat surveys/ management/ wildlife/ bobwhite/
cultivated farmland/ habitat/ vegetation/ conservation programs/
cover/ habitat management for wildlife/ land, private/
agriculture/ North America/ United States/
Missouri
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
251. Success of artificial nests in CRP fields,
native vegetation, and field borders in southwestern
Montana.
Clawson, M. R. and Rotella, J.
J.
Journal of Field
Ornithology 69 (2): 180-191.
(1998)
NAL Call #:
413.8 B534; ISSN: 0273-8570
Descriptors:
Nests/ Survival/ Site selection/
Environment management/ Grasslands/ United States, Montana/ Aves/
Birds/ Management/ Birds
Abstract: In 1993-1994, we used artificial nests to
study relationships between nest success and various spatial,
temporal, and vegetation variables in three grassland types:
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields, field borders and
watercourses, and native vegetation. Nest success was higher and
vegetation was structurally more complex in CRP fields than in
other grassland types. Nest success was 63% in CRP fields but only
24% in native vegetation. Results of univariate and multivariate
analyses indicated that nests surrounded by taller, thicker cover
were more likely to survive than nests with less concealing
vegetation. Nests initiated later in the season, when vegetation
volume was greater, survived at higher rates than nests initiated
earlier. Spatial variables were not strongly related to nest
success. Field size was directly related to nest success in CRP
fields but not in other grassland types. However, field size not
included in the most parsimonious, multivariate model of factors
related to nest success in CRP fields. Similarly, proximity to
field borders was not related to nest success in any grassland
type. Our results suggest that CRP fields, which cover a large area
in the Northern Great Plains and attract a greater diversity of
grassland birds than the cropfields they replaced, provide secure
nesting cover for ground-nesting species.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
252. Summer avian abundance, invertebrate
biomass, and forbs in Kansas CRP.
Hull, Scott D; Robel, Robert J;
and Kemp, Kenneth E
Prairie Naturalist
28 (1): 1-12. ( 1996)
NAL Call #:
QH540 .P7; ISSN: 0091-0376
Descriptors:
invertebrate biomass/ Kansas
Conservation Reserve Program/ species abundance/ species richness/
terrestrial ecology/ bird (Aves Unspecified)/ Aves (Aves
Unspecified)/ animals/ birds/ chordates/ nonhuman vertebrates/
vertebrates
Abstract: Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields
planted to native grasses have the potential to provide summer
habitat for grassland bird populations in the Great Plains. Forbs
in native grasslands are thought to increase the suitability of
grasslands for birds. We measured invertebrate biomass (summer food
for birds) and avian abundance in Kansas CRP fields planted to
native grasses to determine if they were correlated with forb
abundance in those fields. Sweep nets were used to collect
invertebrate samples and avian abundance was estimated along line
transects in six CRP fields from May through August 1992.
Correlation analysis did not detect a statistically significant
relationship between forb abundance and invertebrate biomass or
avian abundance, or between avian abundance and invertebrate
biomass. Avian species richness did not vary with forb abundance
and the avian community assemblages on CRP fields with low and high
forb abundance were similar.
© Thomson
253. Surveys and Investigations Projects as
Required by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act,
Missouri.
Kurzejeski, E. W.
Columbia, MO: Missouri Dept. Of
Conservation; PB97170112XSP, 1996. 64 p.
Notes: Final Report; Includes Study No. 1, Job No. 1,
and Job No. 2; Sponsored by Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington,
DC
Descriptors:
Grasses/ Population/ Reproduction
Biology/ Birds/ Vegetation/ Missouri/ Conservation Reserve Program/
Medicine and biology/ Ecology/ Zoology/ Natural resources and earth
sciences/ Natural resource management
Abstract: During 1993-1995, we monitored
vegetative conditions and avain abundance, composition, and
productivity on 8 blocked sites in northern Missouri containing CP1
(cool-season grass), CP2 (warm-season grass), and rowcrop fields.
Total bird abundance (P less than 0.0001 in 1994), grassland bird
abundance (P less 0.05 in 1994 and 1995), nest density (P less than
0.001 each year), and number of nesting species (P less than 0.05
each year) were all lower on crop fields than on CRP fields. The
bird community using crop fields markedly differed from that of CRP
fields, with short-grass and open-ground feeding birds predominant
on crop fields. Grassland bird species richness (P equals 0.057 in
1993, P less than 0.0001 each year), Henslow's sparrows (Ammodramus
henslowii) (P less than 0.001 in 1993 and 1995), meadowlarks
(Sturnella spp.) P less than .01 in 1993 and 1995, and American
goldfinches (Carduelis tristis) (P less than 0.01 in 1994 and 1995)
were higher on the structurally diverse than on CP2 fields. CP2
fields were tall, dense warm-season grass monocultures having
higher abundances of red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) (P
less than 0.05 in 1994) and common yellowthroats (Geothylpis
trichas) P less than 0.001 each year than CP1 fields. Difference in
nesting success and nest densities of species between CP1 and CP2
fields, although rarely significant, were similar to those of
relative abundance. The conservation value of CRP fields for
declining grassland bird species was higher for CP1 fields than for
CP2 fields; species of concern were either more abundant in both CP
types. Monotypic stands of both warm-season and cool-season grasses
should be avoided to increase the potential wildlife benefits of
CRP and other idle grassland habitats.
254. Using Conservation Reserve Program Maps
Derived From Satellite Imagery to Characterize Landscape
Structure.
Egbert, SL; Park, S; Price, KP;
Lee, RY; Wu, JP; and Nellis, AD
Computers and Electronics
in Agriculture 37 (1-3):
141-156. (Dec. 2002)
NAL Call #:
S494.5.D3C652; ISSN: 0168-1699
Descriptors:
Remote Sensing/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ Landscape Metrics/ Wildlife Habitat/ Great Plains/
Agriculture/ Patch Size/ Accuracy/ Land/ GIS/ Geographic
Information Systems
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
instituted one of the largest and most rapid land use/land cover
conversions in US history. Approximately 14.8 million ha (36.5
million acres) of cropland were converted to grassland, woodland,
and other conservation uses between 1986 and 1995. As policy makers
continue to evaluate the future of the program and as scientists
examine its effects, it is critical that the impact of CRP on
landscape structure be considered because of its potential
influence on wildlife populations. Utilizing multi- seasonal
Landsat thematic mapper imagery in an unsupervised classification
technique, we produced highly accurate maps of cropland and
grassland for 1987 and 1992 for Finney County, Kansas.
Post-classification differencing identified regions of cropland
that had been converted to CRP. We then used the Finney County CRP
map to examine changes in landscape structure caused by the
introduction of CRP. Using the FRAGSTATS spatial pattern analysis
program, we calculated the number of patches, mean patch size,
patch density, edge density, mean shape index, nearest neighbor
distance, and an interspersion/juxtaposition index. In addition, we
calculated total grassland area and percent of area in grassland
for the pre- and post-CRP enrollment years. We found that the total
grassland area and the percent area in grassland in Finney County
increased due to CRP and that mean grassland patch size also
increased. The total number of grassland patches decreased,
however, due to coalescence of smaller grassland patches. Patch
density, edge density, mean shape index, nearest neighbor distance,
and the interspersion/juxtaposition index all showed relatively
small changes. These small changes appear to reflect geographic
differences in CRP effects within the county-large aggregating
patches in the northeast were offset by a number of isolated
patches of CRP in other areas. The implication of these findings
for wildlife managers is that, for species that require large areas
of grassland habitat, especially habitat that is contiguous, CRP in
Finney County represents a substantial increase in potential
habitat. This holds for species at all levels of management
interest. ranging from economically valuable species to species
that are rare. threatened, and endangered. These findings emphasize
the importance of CRP for wildlife conservation and should further
inform ongoing debate concerning the importance of the CRP. (C)
2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
© Thomson ISI
255. Valuation of agriculture's multi-site
environmental impacts: An application to pheasant
hunting.
Hansen, L.; Feather, P.; and
Shank, D.
Agricultural and Resource
Economics Review 28
(2): 199-207. (1999)
NAL Call #:
HD1773.A2N6; ISSN: 1068-2805
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
256. The value of buffer habitats for birds in
agricultural landscapes.
Best, L. B.
In: A comprehensive review of Farm
Bill contributions wildlife conservation, 1985-2000/ Heard, L. P;
Hohman, W. L.; Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management
Institute (U.S.); Series: Technical Report
USDA/NRCS/WHMI.
Madison, MS: USDA, NRCS, Wildlife
Habitat Management Institute, 2000; pp. 75-94
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
wildlife habitats/ conservation
buffers/ agricultural land
257. Value of the Conservation Reserve Program
to birds in the Texas southern high plains.
Berthelsen, P. S.
Lubbock, TX: Texas Tech
University, 1989.
Notes: M.S. Thesis
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ Texas
Abstract: Examined what habitat type would
provide the greatest potential benefit of the CRP to avian wildlife
species in the Texas southern high plains.
258. Vegetation Management Practices on
Conservation Reserve Program Fields to Improve Northern Bobwhite
Habitat Quality.
Greenfield, KC; Burger, LW;
Chamberlain, MJ; and Kurzejeski, EW
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 30 (2):
527-538. (Summer 2002)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648
Descriptors:
Agriculture/ CRP/ Colinus
Virginianus/ Conservation Reserve Program/ Habitat/ Northern
Bobwhite/ RUSLE(C)/ Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation/ Missouri/
Wildlife
Abstract: Since 1985, an annual average of more
than 14 million ha of very erodible cropland has been removed from
production and enrolled in perennial grass practices under the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). The rate of changes in plant
communities on CRP fields can be modified (intentionally or
accidentally) by disturbance-management regimes. Throughout the
Midwest and Southeast, habitat quality for early successional and
grassland species may decline as CRP grasslands age, but
premeditated disturbance regimes may enhance and maintain habitat
quality for these species. However, concerns regarding perceived
conflicts between wildlife habitat and soil erosion objectives of
the CRP persist among United States Department of Agriculture
(USDA) and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) personnel.
Therefore, we evaluated effects of strip- discing on vegetation
structure and composition and soil erosion in tall fescue (Festuca
arundiacea) and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) CRP fields in
Missouri. We interpreted vegetation response in the context of
habitat quality for a socially and economically important species,
the northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). Fall discing
generally increased percentage bare ground and plant diversity and
decreased percentage litter cover and litter depth. However, plant
community response and duration of effects differed between fescue
and orchard grass fields. Gains in habitat quality in fescue fields
were minimal and short-lived, whereas enhancements in orchard grass
fields were substantial and longer-lived. Overall, fall discing
enhanced bobwhite habitat quality, but responses diminished by the
second growing season post-treatment, especially in CRP fields
planted to fescue. Soil-loss potential, as estimated by the Revised
Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), was well within USDA
tolerable limits for all treatments. Our findings indicated that
discing intensity on CRP fields could be increased by 2-3 times
without compromising soil erosion provisions of CRP. Therefore, we
suggest that strip-discing on a 2- to 3-year rotation should be a
permissible and encouraged practice to maintain early succession
plant communities on CRP fields in the Midwest and
Southeast.
© Thomson ISI
259. Vegetation Structure and Avian Species
Composition in Diverted Farmland: Evaluation of Vegetation
Structure on CRP Lands in Northern Missouri/Avian Species in
Diverted Farmland.
Kurzejeski, E. W.
In: Missouri Department of
Conservation Annual Report, 1996. 62 p.
Notes: Final Report; Project Number: MO
W-013-R-50/Jobs 1&2/Study 1; Unpublished Wildlife Report; ISSN:
0085-3496
Descriptors:
cultivated farmland/ conservation
programs/ vegetation/ birds/ abundance/ reproduction/ grassland/
sampling/ nests and nesting/ population density/ species diversity/
statistics/ North America/ United States/ Missouri/ Northern
central region/ Knox County/ Macon County/ Linn County
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
260. Waterfowl responses to the Conservation
Reserve Program in the Northern Great Plains.
Reynolds, R. E.
In: A comprehensive review of Farm
Bill contributions wildlife conservation, 1985-2000/ Heard, L. P;
Hohman, W. L.; Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management
Institute (U.S.); Series: Technical Report
USDA/NRCS/WHMI.
Madison, MS: USDA, NRCS, Wildlife
Habitat Management Institute, 2000; pp. 35-43
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
wetlands/ waterfowl/ wildlife habitats/ wildlife
management
261. Why haven't pheasant populations in
western Kansas increased with CRP?
Rodgers, Randy D.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 27 (3): 654-665.
(1999)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648.
Notes: Project Number: KS FW-009-P; KS
W-039-R
Descriptors:
Galliformes/ Phasianidae/ Phasianus
colchicus/ birds / conservation programs/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ ecosystems/ grasslands/ habitat management/ management/
status/ wildlife/ wildlife/ habitat relationships/ phasianus
colchicus/ population density/ land management/ federal programs/
Kansas/ Natural Resources/ Land Development, Land Reform, and
Utilization (Macroeconomics)/ pheasant, ring necked/ population
loss/ food crops/ habitat management for wildlife/ changes
detrimental to wildlife/ cultivated farmland/ surveys/
summer/ burning/ pesticides/ habitat changes/ food supply/
land, private/ winter/ common pheasant/ ecological requirements/
habitat change/ agriculture/ loss of habitat/ population dynamics/
reserve / biocide/ vegetation/ ring necked pheasant/ North America/
United States/ Kansas/ Kansas, Western/ western region/ United
States Kansas / United States Kansas
Abstract: Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus
colchicus) populations in western Kansas declined an average of 65%
from 1966-75 to 1986-95, particularly in the 1980s. Although
686,000 ha of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands have
been added to the western Kansas landscape since 1985, pheasant
populations have not recovered. Summer observations suggested that
CRP was used proportionally more by pheasant broods than indicated
by its relative availability. Overwinter pheasant use of CRP (a
habitat gained) averaged just 37% of that in weedy wheat stubble (a
habitat being lost). Widespread deterioration of abundant wheat
stubble habitats, largely from increased herbicide use, represents
an overwhelming habitat loss in western Kansas for which CRP could
not compensate. In addition, anticipated pheasant benefits from CRP
were not fully realized due to inadequate plant diversity, poor
stand maintenance, and large field size. The habitat value of
established CRP can be enhanced by strip-disking fireguards around
the margins of fields to facilitate occasional controlled burns,
stimulate growth of broad-leaved annuals, and increase edge.
Interseeding perennial legumes and other forbs into recently burned
grass stands also can be effective. Interspersion of grass-legume
strips on intensively farmed croplands through the continuous
signup of CRP offers great potential to improve pheasant
habitat.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
262. Wildlife and federal cropland retirement
programs.
Berner, A. H.
In: When Conservation Reserve
Program contracts expire: The policy options; Ankeny, IA: Soil and
Water Conservation Society, 1994.
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
United States
Abstract: Reviewed studies of wildlife
responses to cropland retirement programs from 1956 to 1984 and
discussed the future of cropland retirement programs.
263. Wildlife and Vegetative Response to
Diverted Agricultural Land in Gratiot County, Michigan.
Campa, H.; Winterstein, S. R.;
Minnis, R. B.; and Pearks, A. J.
In: Michigan Department of Natural
Resources: Annual Report, 1995. 50 p.
Notes: Project Number: MI W-127-R
Descriptors:
birds/ blackbirds and cowbirds/
changes detrimental to wildlife/ conservation programs/ cultivated
farmland/ cutting/ grassland/ land use / modeling/ pheasant, ring
necked/ productivity/ vegetation/ abundance/ cover/ habitat
management/ history/ statistics/ North America/ United States/
Michigan/ Gratiot County
Abstract: Project is composed of two separate
studies. For the first study, vegetation characteristics of
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields and the differences in
avian relative abundance, diversity, and productivity between CRP
and agricultural fields were evaluated. For the second study,
effects of various methods of mowing on vegetation characteristics
and avian populations were examined, and information was gathered
to evaluate habitat suitability index (HSI) models of selected
avian species. Both studies provide management recommendations for
a diversity of wildlife species on CRP fields.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
264. Wildlife benefits of the Conservation
Reserve Program: A national perspective.
Allen, A. W.
Land and Water 38: 23-25 . (1994)
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
United States
Abstract: Provided a synopsis of the wildlife
benefits of CRP and discussed how the pattern of CRP land
distribution within a watershed would influence
wildlife.
265. Wildlife benefits of the Conservation
Reserve Program in Ohio.
Swanson, D. A.; Scott, D. P.; and
Risley, D. L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 54
(1): 390-394. (1999)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
Wildlife management/ Agricultural
land/ Habitat utilization/ Nests/ Ohio/ Aves/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ Birds/ Conservation/ United States
Abstract: Federal agriculture programs
significantly impact a variety of wildlife species. Grassland
birds, in particular, should benefit from establishment of
permanent vegetative cover through conservation initiatives like
the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Evaluation of current
conservation programs is needed to help shape future initiatives
and ensure the long-term continuation of beneficial programs. The
vegetative and physical characteristics of CRP fields in Ohio were
quantified, the timing and extent of disturbances during the
nesting season noted, avian use of these habitats measured, and
indices of avian use related to field characteristics. It was found
that more than half of the sampled fields were disturbed, primarily
by mowing, during the nesting season (May to July). These same
fields, however, were used by 43 avian species. Use of CRP fields
by several grassland-dependent species was related to the amount of
grassland habitat provided by the field and/or adjacent grasslands.
Age of permanent cover and field size were not related, however, to
total species richness. Eliminating disturbance of vegetative cover
during the nesting season could significantly add to the wildlife
value of these habitats. Policy options that include establishment
of larger fields or grassland cover near existing grasslands should
positively benefit the widest array of grassland birds.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
266. Wildlife habitat criteria in relation to
future use of CRP lands.
Allen, A. W.
Proceedings of the Great
Plains Agricultural Council : 41-88. (1993)
NAL Call #:
282.9-G7992; ISSN: 0434-5835.
Notes: Meeting held June 2-4, 1993, Rapid City, South
Dakota. Includes references.
Descriptors:
wildlife / habitats/ land
diversion/ selection criteria / federal programs/ United States/
Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from AGRICOLA.
267. Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program: A
summary of accomplishments, 1998-1999.
Hackett, E.
In: A comprehensive review of Farm
Bill contributions wildlife conservation, 1985-2000/ Heard, L. P;
Hohman, W. L.; Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management
Institute (U.S.); Series: Technical Report
USDA/NRCS/WHMI.
Madison, MS: USDA, NRCS, Wildlife
Habitat Management Institute, 2000; pp. 117-124
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program
[WHIP]/ wildlife habitats/ wildlife management/ endangered species/
ecological restoration/ landowners/ Colinus virginianus/ Salmo
salar/ conservation programs
268. Wildlife management on Conservation
Reserve Program land: The farmer's view.
Miller, E. J. and Bromley, P.
T.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 44
(5): 438-440. ill. (Sept. 1989-Oct.
1989)
NAL Call #:
56.8-J822; ISSN: 0022-4561 [JSWCA3]
Descriptors:
wildlife management/ soil
conservation/ natural resources/ farmers' attitudes
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
269. Wildlife management on Virginia
Conservation Reserve Program land: The farmer's view.
Miller, E. J.
Blacksburg, VA: Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989.
Notes: M.S. Thesis
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ Virginia
Abstract: Surveyed land owners/farmers to
ascertain their views on the CRP and its implementation.
270. Wildlife responses to the Conservation
Reserve Program in the Southeast.
Burger, W.
In: A comprehensive review of Farm
Bill contributions wildlife conservation, 1985-2000/ Heard, L. P;
Hohman, W. L.; Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management
Institute (U.S.); Series: Technical Report
USDA/NRCS/WHMI.
Madison, MS: USDA, NRCS, Wildlife
Habitat Management Institute, 2000; pp. 55-73
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
wildlife habitats/ wildlife management
271. Wildlife responses to wetland restoration
and creation: An annotated bibliography.
Rewa, C.
In: A comprehensive review of Farm
Bill contributions wildlife conservation, 1985-2000/ Heard, L. P;
Hohman, W. L.; Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management
Institute (U.S.); Series: Technical Report
USDA/NRCS/WHMI.
Madison, MS: USDA, NRCS, Wildlife
Habitat Management Institute, 2000; pp. 135-150
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
wetlands / constructed wetlands/
water quality/ wildlife habitats
272. Will conversion of Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) lands to pasture be detrimental for grassland birds
in Kansas?
Klute, David S.; Robel, Robert J.;
and Kemp, Kenneth E.
American Midland Naturalist
137(2): 206-212. (1997)
NAL Call #:
410 M58; ISSN: 0003-0031
Descriptors:
Ammodramus savannarum/ Bartramia
longicauda/ Molothrus ater/ Spiza americana/ Sturnella magna/
agricultural practices/ behavior/ birds/ conservation/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ ecosystems/ farmland/ grasslands/ habitat use/
land use/ management/ nest parasitism/ nests/ nesting/ pastures/
productivity/ public relations/ status/ wildlife/ federal programs/
wild birds/ nature conservation/ natural resources/ agricultural
economics (general)/ land development, land reform, and utilization
(macroeconomics)/ dickcissel/ grasshopper sparrow/ meadowlark/
brown headed cowbird/ upland sandpiper/ North America/ United
States/ Kansas/ Riley County
Abstract: Most Conservation Reserve Program
contracts expire in 1997 and approximately 70 per cent of CRP
fields in Kansas may be converted into pastures. The authors
compared bird use of CRP fields to their use of pastures. Total
avian abundance was greater in pastures than on CRP fields. Data on
five species using these habitats are provided.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
273. After the CRP contract expires.
Cacek, T.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 43 (4):
291-293. (1988)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
erosion/ soils/ conservation/
vegetation/ landslides and erosion
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program will
convert 40 million to 45 million acres of highly erodible cropland
to perennial vegetation and will become one of the most important
conservation and commodity supply control programs in U.S. history.
Its overall impact, however, will depend largely on the fate of the
land after the 10 year contracts expire. The Soil Bank of the late
1950s and early 1960s serves as a model of what could happen but
which conservationists must not allow to happen with CRP. The Soil
Bank enrolled several million acres of hayland and established an
additional 21 million acres of cover under multi-year contracts. Of
this, just over 2 million acres were planted to trees. When the
contracts expired, virtually all of this land, with the exception
of the acreage in tress, was returned to crop production. While the
Soil Bank provided a decade of soil erosion control and superb
pheasant hunting, it produced few long-term benefits on most
acres.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
274. Agricultural Conservation: Status of
Programs That Provide Financial Incentives.
General Accounting
Office
Washington, DC: GAO; 60 p.
(1995)
Notes: Report No.: GAO/RCED-95-169
http://www.gao.gov/archive/1995/rc95169.pdf
Descriptors:
USA/ economics/ land use/
agriculture/ conservation/ federal programs/ economic analysis/
sociological aspects/ soil conservation/ erosion control/
environmental protection/ pollution control/ habitat improvement/
farms/ water pollution control/ wildlife conservation/
Environmental action/ Protective measures and control/ Watershed
protection
Abstract: The Agriculture Department (USDA)
administers 17 programs that provide financial incentives to
farmers and ranchers who use conservation measures. Under 10 of the
programs, USDA, through direct payments or low-cost loans, helps
defray the cost of implementing conservation practices. Under the
other seven programs, USDA purchases easements or rents land in
order to retire it from agricultural production. The
incentive-based conservation programs are intended to encourage
voluntary efforts to reduce soil erosion, lessen water pollution,
enhance fish and wildlife habitat, and address other conservation
concerns. This report provides information on these incentive-based
programs since fiscal year 1992, including information on their
budgets and levels of activity and on the primary purposes of the
conservation measures taken under the programs. GAO also identifies
potential options for consolidating them.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
275. Agricultural conservation: USDA needs to
better ensure protection of highly erodible cropland and wetlands:
Report to the ranking Democratic member, Committee on Agriculture,
Nutrition, and Forestry, U.S. Senate.
United States. General Accounting
Office.
U.S. General Accounting Office,
2003.
Notes: Cover title./ "April 2003."/ Chiefly tables./
Includes bibliographical references (p. 106).
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d03418.pdf
Descriptors:
Agricultural conservation---United
States/ Soil conservation---United States/
Wetland conservation---United
States
276. Alfalfa persistence under infrequent
cutting.
Sheaffer, C. C.; Grimsbo Jewett,
J.; Barnes, D. K.; Lueschen, W. E.; Swanson, D. R.; and Matthison,
R.
Journal of Production
Agriculture 10 (4): 558-561.
(Oct. 1997-Dec. 1997)
NAL Call #:
S539.5.J68; ISSN: 0890-8524 [JPRAEN]
Descriptors:
medicago sativa/ cultivars/ phleum
pratense/ crop mixtures/ fodder crops/ cutting frequency/
persistence/ survival/ stand characteristics/ disease resistance/
clavibacter Michiganensis subsp insidiosus/ fusarium oxysporum f sp
medicaginis/ colletotrichum trifolii/ bacterial diseases/ fungal
diseases/ federal programs/ Minnesota/ phytophthora medicaginis/
Conservation Reserve Program
Abstract: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars
have been developed for modern forage production systems with three
or four cuts per year. Little is known about persistence of alfalfa
cultivars in unharvested systems such as Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) fields. Our objective was to determine the stand
persistence of alfalfa cultivars that were not harvested or
harvested once per year. Twenty-three alfalfa cultivars
representing a range of fall dormancy and disease resistance were
established in binary mixture with timothy (Phleum pratense L.) at
Becker, Grand Rapids, Morris, Rosemount, and Waseca, MN. Cutting
treatments, which included a single cut per year (about 1 August)
or no cutting were applied for 3 yr. Cutting treatment effects at
Rosemount, Becker, Grand Rapids, and Waseca suggest that annual
cutting of alfalfa-grass mixtures on CRP land would enhance alfalfa
persistence, but stand survival of many cultivars was lower than
that normally observed in cultivar trial plots cut three or four
times per year. At Becker and Morris, fall dormancy was a good
predictor of stand survival. There was no relationship between
stand survival and disease resistance of cultivars. Annual mowing
should be considered as a tool for maintaining alfalfa in CRP
fields at some locations, but cultivars designed for the CRP
program, which normally does not allow cutting, are
needed.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
277. America's Conservation Reserve Program:
Rural planning or just another subsidy.
Daniels, T. L.
Journal of Rural
Studies 4 (4): 405-411.
(1988)
NAL Call #:
HT401.J68; ISSN: 0743-0167
Descriptors:
rural planning/ land diversion/
eroded soils/ federal programs/ erosion control/ United
States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
278. Applying input-output models to natural
resource problems: The Conservation Reserve Program.
Bernat, G. A. Jr. and Johnson, T.
G.
In: Evaluating natural resource
use in agriculture/ Robertson, T.; English, B. C.; and Alexander,
R. R.
Ames, IA: Iowa State University
Press, 1998;
pp. 297-317.
Notes: ISBN: 0813829585; 1st ed.; Paper presented at
the Atlantic Economic Society's Thirtieth International Conference,
Oct 11-14, 1990, Williamsburg, Virginia
NAL Call #: S22.E835-1998
Descriptors:
input output analysis/ federal
programs/ mathematical models
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
279. Boll weevil overwintering in CRP grasses
on the Texas High Plains.
Carroll, S. C. and Rummel, D.
R.
Proceedings - Beltwide
Cotton Production Research Conferences : 297-299. (1990)
NAL Call #:
SB249.N6 [BCOPB].
Notes: Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas,
Nevada. Includes references.
Descriptors:
anthonomus grandis/ overwintering/
survival/ winter/ grasses/ gramineae/ grasslands/ nature
conservation/ conservation areas/ eragrostis curvula/ quercus/
litter plant/ Texas/ Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
280. Broadleaf weed control in Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) grass plantings.
Adams, E. B. and Swan, D.
G.
Research Progress Report -
Western Society of Weed Science : 367. (1988)
NAL Call #:
79.9-W52R; ISSN: 0090-8142
Descriptors:
lawns and turf/ descurainia
pinnata/ sisymbrium altissimum/ salsola iberica/ herbicide
application/ herbicide mixtures/ Washington
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
281. Changes in ecosystem structure and
function along a chronosequence of restored grasslands.
Baer, S G; Kitchen, D J; Blair, J
M; and Rice, C W
Ecological
Applications 12 (6):
1688-1701. (2002)
NAL Call #:
QH540.E23; ISSN: 1051-0761
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
aboveground vegetation/ chronosequence/ ecosystem structure/
restored grasslands/ soil characteristics/ tallgrass prairie/
vegetation composition
Abstract: Changes in aboveground vegetation, roots,
and soil characteristics were examined from a 12-yr chronosequence
of formerly cultivated fields restored to native C4 grasses through
the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Following 6-8 yr in the
CRP, the native grasses dominated vegetation composition, and the
presence of forbs was negligible. Productivity of the restored
grasslands did not exhibit any directional changes with the number
of years in the CRP, and productivity was generally higher than
native prairie in this region. Over time, the restored grasslands
accumulated root biomass of decreasing quality as indicated by
increasing root biomass and C:N ratio of roots along the 12-yr
chronosequence. Root biomass, root C:N ratio, C storage in roots,
and N storage in roots of restored grasslands approached that of
native tallgrass prairie within the 12 yr of restoration.
Establishment of the perennial vegetation also affected soil
physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Soil bulk
density in the surface 10 cm decreased with time since restoration.
Total C, microbial biomass C, and C mineralization rates increased
as a function of time since restoration. The greatest change in
total C occurred in the surface 5 cm, where total C was 26% greater
in 12- vs. 2-yr restored grasslands. Extractable soil nitrate and
soil N transformations (i.e., net N mineralization rates and net
nitrification rates) declined over the restoration chronosequence,
but these values were not representative of steady-state conditions
due to the high variability in these measures among the native
prairies. Although complete restoration of ecosystem structure and
function was not the primary intention of the CRP, this study
demonstrates that establishment of the matrix vegetation (i.e.,
native C4 grasses) drives ecosystem processes in the trajectory of
the original system. Moreover, restoration may hasten the recovery
of soil C pools relative to formerly cultivated systems undergoing
natural succession.
© Thomson
282. Conservation Reserve Program: Alternatives
are available for managing environmentally sensitive cropland:
Report to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry,
U.S. Senate.
United States. Congress. Senate.
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry. and United
States. General Accounting Office.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. General
Accounting Office; 68 p.: ill., maps. (1995)
Notes: Cover title. "February 1995." "GAO/RCED-95-42."
"B-258910"--P. [1]. Includes bibliographical references. SUDOCS: GA
1.13:RCED-95-42.
NAL Call #: S624.A1C66--1995
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program---United States/ Soil conservation---Government
policy---United States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
283. The Conservation Reserve Program: An
economic perspective.
Bartlett, E. T. and Trock, W.
L.
Rangelands 9 (4): 147-148. (Aug. 1987)
NAL Call #:
SF85.A1R32; ISSN: 0190-0528
Descriptors:
soil and water conservation/
environmental legislation/ no-tillage/ wildlife conservation/
agricultural economics/ grasses/ legumes/ woody plants/ state
government/ reserves/ United States/ Texas/ Colorado
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
284. Conservation Reserve Program:
Implementation and accomplishments, 1986-87.
Dicks, Michael R.; Llacuna,
Felix.; Linsenbigler, Michael.; and United States. Dept. of
Agriculture. Economic Research Service.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of
Agriculture, Economic Research Service; v, 119 p. (1988)
Notes: Cover title. "January 1988" --P. i. Bibliography: p.
10.
NAL Call #: 1-Ag84St-no.763
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program---Evaluation/ Soil conservation---Law and
legislation---United States/ Soil Bank program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
285. The Conservation Reserve Program Montana
perspective.
Johnson, J. B.
Proceedings of the Great
Plains Agricultural Council : 109-121. (1986)
NAL Call #:
282.9-G7992; ISSN: 0434-5835 [PGPCA]
Descriptors:
land capability/ erosion/
rents/ legislation/ agricultural crises/ agricultural and
rural law/ input output analysis/ Montana/ food and security act of
1985
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
286. Conservation Reserve Program: North Dakota
Enhancement Program.
United States. Farm Service
Agency.
Washington, D.C.: USDA, Farm
Service Agency; Series: Fact sheet (United States. Farm Service
Agency). (2001)
Notes: Title from caption. Ed. statement on html
version only. "January 2001."
NAL Call #: aHD1775.N9-C65-2001
http://www.fsa.usda.gov/pas/publications/facts/html/crepnd01.htm
Descriptors:
North Dakota Enhancement Program/
Conservation of natural resources---Economic aspects---North
Dakota/ Water quality management---Economic aspects---North Dakota/
Agriculture---Economic aspects---North Dakota
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
287. Conservation Reserve Program: Tree
thinning.
United States. Farm Service
Agency.
Washington, D.C.: USDA, Farm
Service Agency; Series: Fact sheet (United States. Farm Service
Agency). (1999)
Notes: Electronic ed.; Title from caption. Ed.
statement on html version only. "July 1999."
NAL Call #: aS930-.C659-1999
http://www.fsa.usda.gov/pas/publications/facts/html/crp%5Ftreethinning99.htm
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program---United States/ Forest thinning---United States/
Conservation of natural resources---United States/ Wildlife habitat
improvement---United States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
288. The Conservation Reserve Program: Where
are we heading?
Goetz, H.
Rangelands 11 (6): 251-252. (Dec. 1989)
NAL Call #:
SF85.A1R32; ISSN: 0190-0528
Descriptors:
resource conservation/ programs/
impact/ environmental impact
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
289. Conservation reserve tree planting: Can we
improve upon success?
West, A. J.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 43 (1):
66-67 . (1988)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
conservation/ wildlife/ habitats/
trees/ ecology/ Basic approaches, Concepts and Theory
Abstract: If one thing is certain, it is that the
Conservation Reserve Program presented foresters and landowners
with both an opportunity and a challenge. Of a vast array of
practices that can be applied on CRP acres, including grasses,
windbreaks, trees, wildlife habitat, diversions, structures, and
shallow water areas for wildlife, only one of these--tree
planting--has a goal that's etched in the language of the law
itself.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
290. Contribution of the Conservation Reserve
Program to General Landscape Structure in Illinois.
Weber, W. L.; Roseberry, J. L.;
and Woolf, A.
In: 16th Annual Symposium of
US-International Association of Landscape Ecology. (Held 25 Apr 2001-29 Apr 2001 at Temple, AZ
(USA).); 2001.
Notes: Conference Sponsor: The National Endowment for
the Arts, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Landscape Ecology
Branch) Arizona Commission on the Arts; World Meeting Number 000
5525
Descriptors:
Biology/ Environmental
Science
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
291. CRP: Evaluating the options.
Ohlenbusch, Paul D.; Langemeier,
Michael R.; and Watson, Steve L.
Cooperative Extension Service,
Kansas State University, 1995.
Notes: 24 pp.: ill.; Cover title. "March 1995"--P. [4]
of cover. Includes bibliographical references (p. 9).
(application/pdf)
NAL Call #: S544.3.K2K3-no.2078
http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/crpsl2/mf2078.pdf
292. The CRP in Oregon's Columbia basin: A
local perspective.
Carlson, Louis and Bedell, Thomas
E.
In: The Conservation Reserve:
Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, Symposium Proceedings. (Held 14 Jan 1991 at Washington, D.C.); pp.
63-65; 1991 .
Notes: U.S. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM No. 203; WR
238
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Programs/
conservation programs/ public relations/ North America/ United
States/ Oregon
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
293. Das Conservation Reserve Program der USA:
Eine Moeglichkeit zur effizienten Entlohnung von Umweltleistungen
der Landwirtschaft?
Mello, Inken; Heissenhuber, Alois;
and Kantelhardt, Jochen
Berichte ueber
Landwirtschaft 80 (1):
85-93. (Mar. 2002); ISSN: 0005-9080.
Notes: Language: German
Descriptors:
American Conservation Reserve
Program/ agricultural environmental program/ environmental
protection/ farmer service reward system/ national economy/ private
farm management/ program transfer potential
Abstract: When implementing agricultural
environmental programmes, the main problems frequently revolve
round the expense and the rake-off effects. If these programmes are
too general in nature, they generate high rake-off effects, if they
are too detailed, the costs of control and implementation rise.
With the "Conservation Research (sic) Program", the USA appears to
have succeeded in developing an efficient environmental programme,
and in readying it for practical implementation. This article
describes the programme, discussing its implementation on a private
farm and looking into its ecological consequences for the national
economy. In conclusion, the author points to the potential for
transferring this programme to Germany.
© Thomson
294. Early results from an old-field loblolly
pine spacing study in the Georgia Piedmont with competition
control.
Pienaar, L. V. and Shiver, B.
D.
Southern Journal of Applied
Forestry 17 (4): 193-196.
(Nov. 1993)
NAL Call #:
SD1.S63; ISSN: 0148-4419 [SJAFD9]
Descriptors:
pinus taeda/ seedlings/ stand
establishment/ marginal land/ plant competition/ vegetation
management/ stand density/ growth/ survival/ diameter/ volume/
plant height/ Georgia
Abstract: The study reported here provides
information on the yield potential of improved loblolly pine
seedlings planted on marginal agricultural cropland in the Georgia
Piedmont with control of herbaceous competition. Early growth rates
greatly exceed those in existing plantations established on cutover
and mechanically site-prepared land in this region without
additional control of competing vegetation. After 8 growing
seasons, average tree height, average dbh, basal area per acre, and
stem volume per acre were all influenced by planting density, but
the mean annual increment of merchantable volume (trees 4.0 in. dbh
and bigger to a 2.0 in. top diameter) at age 8 yr, for planting
densities of 400 to 1000 trees/ac, was 230 ft3, or approximately 3
cords/ac/yr. This is more than twice the average growth rate in
this region of cutover and mechanically site-prepared loblolly
plantations without additional vegetation control. These results
should be of particular interest to prospective participants in the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP).
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
295. Economic and environmental impacts of
planting flexibility and conservation compliance: Lessons from the
1985 and 1990 Farm Bills for future farm legislation.
Wu, S.; Walker, D. J.; and
Brusven, M. A.
Agricultural and Resource
Economics Review 26
(2): 216-228. (Oct. 1997)
NAL Call #:
HD1773.A2N6; ISSN: 1068-2805
Descriptors:
watersheds/ agricultural policy/
legislation/ economic impact/ environmental impact/ federal
programs/ program participants/ conservation/ planting/ farm
income/ profitability/ deficiency payments/ erosion/ farmers'
attitudes/ integer programming/ Idaho/ food security act of 1985/
food, agriculture, conservation and trade act of 1990
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
296. Economic assessment of a nationwide
forestry cost-share program: The case of the U.S. Forestry
Incentives Program.
Ellefson, P. V. and Risbrudt, C.
D.
Resource Management and
Optimization 4
(2): 167-177. (1987); ISSN: 0142-2391
Descriptors:
federal programs/ economics/
forestry/ natural resources
Abstract: Major federal natural resources program,
Forestry Incentives Program, was evaluated. Program internal rate
of return ranged from 8.3 percent to 10.9 percent, depending on
costs included. Retention of forest practices established 8 years
prior was excellent. Evaluation challenges include dispersion of
programs benefits throughout rural U.S., evaluating benefits
accruing many years in future (75-100 years), and multiple agency
involvement in program administration.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
297. The economics of a public fund for
environmental amenities: A study of CRP contracts.
Babcock, B. A.; Lakshminarayan, P.
G.; Wu, J. J.; and Zilberman, D.
American Journal of
Agricultural Economics 78 (4): 961-971. (Nov. 1996)
NAL Call #:
280.8-J822; ISSN: 0002-9092 [AJAEBA]
Descriptors:
amenity and recreation areas/
federal programs/ environmental protection/ land management/ land
diversion/ productivity/ profitability/ Gini coefficient/ wind
erosion/ water erosion/ surface water/ water quality/ habitats/
budgets/ acreage/ Conservation Reserve Program/ Lorenz curve/
environmental benefits / environmental quality
Abstract: The problem of targeting CRP purchases to
buy environmental amenities under productivity and environmental
heterogeneity is considered. Gini coefficients and Lorenz curves
are used to measure the effectiveness of spending under alternative
targeting criteria. The environmental benefits considered are water
erosion, wind erosion, surface water quality, and wildlife habitat.
The three alternative targeting criteria examined include
purchasing land according to (i) the benefit-to-cost ratio, (ii)
the level of benefits, and (iii) the level of cost. Results
indicate that the degree of variability and correlation determine
the extent to which suboptimal targeting achieves a significant
portion of available environmental benefits.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
298. Effects of CRP on windbreak
planting.
Bratton, J. and Hoefer,
P.
Proceedings of the Society
of American Foresters National Convention : 195-198. (1988)
NAL Call #:
SD143.S64; ISSN: 0899-370X.
Notes: "Economic and Social Development: A Role for
Forests and Forestry Professionals,"
October 18-21, 1987, Minneapolis,
Minnesota.
Descriptors:
windbreaks/ plant establishment/
programs/ conservation areas/ Conservation
Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
299. The effects of different production
systems, technology mixes, and farming practices on farm size and
communities: Implications for the Conservation Reserve
Program.
Flora, J. L. and Flora, C.
B.
In: General Technical Report
RM.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
75-83.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
rural communities/ farming/
economic impact/ farm size/ farming systems/ resource
conservation/ soil conservation/ erosion control/ programs/
northern plains states of USA/ southern plains states of USA/
community vitality / Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
300. Effects of emergency haying on vegetative
characteristics within selected Conservation Reserve Program fields
in the northern Great Plains.
Allen, A. W.; Cade, B. S.; and
Vandever, M. W.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 56
(2): 120-125. (2001)
NAL Call #:
56.8-J822; ISSN: 0022-4561 [JSWCA3]
Descriptors:
land banks/ grasslands/ haymaking/
vegetation/ botanical composition/ grasses/ medicago sativa/
legumes/ weeds/ nature conservation/ North Dakota/ South
Dakota
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
301. Effects of grazing and haying on arthropod
diversity in North Dakota Conservation Reserve Program
grasslands.
Hoernemann, C. K.; Johnson, P. J.;
and Higgins, K. F.
Proceedings of the South
Dakota Academy of Science 80: 283-308. (2001); ISSN: 0096-378X
Descriptors:
Species diversity/ Agricultural
practices/ Grazing/ Catching methods/ Formicidae/ Diplopoda/
Hymenoptera/ Coleoptera/ Diptera/ Ants/ Populations & general
ecology
Abstract: A study of arthropod populations in North
Dakota CRP grasslands was conducted to determine the impact of
grazing and haying management practices on the arthropod fauna.
Four sampling methods were used to collect arthropods: flight
intercept traps, pitfall traps, sweep net, and soil samples. The
three study sites occurred in Bowman, Ward, and Stutsman counties,
North Dakota. Each site consisted of three pastures under a
twice-over rotation grazed system, one pasture grazed seasonlong, a
hayed field, and an idle area which served as a control. Shannon's
Index showed there were no significant differences in diversity
among pastures or county sites. Correspondence analysis (COA)
showed Diplopoda (millipedes) and Formicidae (ants) were correlated
to idle and hayed treatments in which both groups had a higher mean
abundance. Stutsman County had the highest mean abundance of
millipedes. Two beetle families, Elateridae (click beetles) and
Curculionidae (weevils), showed a trend toward the idle area from
COA, but neither group had a significantly higher mean abundance in
idle areas. Ward County had the highest mean abundance of both
click beetles and weevils. Miridae (plant bugs) showed a strong
trend to hayed fields where they had a significantly higher mean
abundance. A significantly higher mean abundance of plant bugs was
found in Bowman County. Acrididae (grasshoppers) were found equally
abundant in all pasture types in 1995, but fewer were found in idle
areas in 1996. The lowest mean abundance of grasshoppers was
collected in Ward County. Grasshopper densities did not reach
threatening levels in either year of this study. Based on the
overall results grazing and haying appear to be viable options for
post-contract uses of CRP lands with regard to management of
arthropod populations.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
302. Environmental quality incentives program
as part of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act (The
1996 Farm Bill): Environmental risk assessment final.
United States. Dept. of
Agriculture.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of
Agriculture; v, 151, A-W p.: ill., maps. (1997)
Notes: Cover title. "February 11, 1997." Includes
bibliographical references (p. A-C).
NAL Call #: aTD171.E58-1997
Descriptors:
United
States---Federal---Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996/
Environmental protection---United States/ Environmental
policy---United States/ Environmental quality/ Environmental
law---United States/ Environmental risk assessment---United States/
Risk assessment/ ORACBA/ methodology/ ecology
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
303. Establishing clovers on Conservation
Reserve Program land.
Rasnake, M. and Lacefield,
G.
In: Proceedings of the American
Forage and Grassland Council. (Held 8 Mar 1998-10 Mar 1998 at Indianapolis,
Indiana.); Vol. 7.
Georgetown, Tex.: American Forage
and Grassland Council; pp. 64-65; 1998.
NAL Call #: SB193.F59
Descriptors:
trifolium pratense/ crop
establishment/ Kentucky
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
304. Establishment of native and introduced
range plants in the Central Great Plains.
McGinnies, W. J. and Hassell, W.
G.
In: General Technical Report
RM.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
35-41.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
replanting/ grasses/ sowing/
seedbed preparation/ environmental factors/ Colorado/ Kansas/
Nebraska/ Wyoming/ Conservation
Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
305. Establishment of shrubs and forbs in the
Southern Plains region.
Ueckert, D. N.
In: General Technical Report
RM.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
47-51.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
revegetation/ shrubs/ grasses/
replanting/ establishment/ southern plains states of USA
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
306. Evaluating Nonpoint Pollution Policy Using
a Tightly Coupled Spatial Decision Support System.
Bennett, D. A. and Vitale, A.
J.
Environmental
Management 27 (6): 825-836.
(2001)
NAL Call #:
HC79.E5E5; ISSN: 0364-152X
Descriptors:
Agriculture/ Pollution control/
Policies/ Soil erosion/ Sediment transport/ Land use/ Legislation/
Nonpoint pollution/ Decision support systems/ Water pollution
control/ Government regulations/ United States/ Illinois/ Cypress
Creek/ Nonpoint Pollution Sources/ Environmental Quality/ Erosion/
Land Management/ Prevention and control/ Environmental action/
Water quality control
Abstract: Policy makers often must rely on the
cumulative impact of independent actions taken by local landowners
to achieve environmental goals. The connection between policy,
regulation, and local action, however, is often not well understood
and, thus, the impact of proposed policies may be difficult to
predict. In this study we evaluate the effectiveness of alternative
policy scenarios for agricultural set aside programs (e.g., the
Conservation Reserve Program administered by the United States
Department of Agriculture) in reducing nonpoint pollution. Two
alternative policy scenarios are developed and analyzed; one based
on the erodibility index (detachment), the other sediment yield
(transport). An estimate of the cumulative impact of associated
land use change on nonpoint pollution is made using the AGNPS
distributed parameter watershed model. This work is completed
within the Cypress Creek watershed in southern Illinois. An
analysis of the resulting data suggests that the most efficacious
regulatory strategy for achieving nonpoint water pollution goals
depends, in part, on place-specific land use patterns. This
conclusion provides a solid argument for place-based regulatory
strategies.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
307. Evaluating soil properties of CRP land
using remote sensing and GIS in Finney County, Kansas.
Wu, J.; Nellis, M. D.; Ransom, M.
D.; Price, K. P.; and Egbert, S. L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 52
(5): 352-358. (Sept. 1997-Oct.
1997)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
United States, Kansas, Finney
County/ Remote Sensing/ Geographic Information Systems/ Evaluation/
Soil Properties/ Soil Erosion/ Land Use/ CRP/ NRCS/ Watershed
protection
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
began in 1986 with the primary purpose of reducing soil erosion. It
also was intended to help the development of sustainable
agriculture and associated environmental harmony. However, its
effectiveness has been questioned because of the large costs and
extensive staff required to conduct the program. The objectives of
our study were to test procedures for integrating remote sensing
and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques to evaluate the
present CRP in terms of its main goal, and to give recommendations
for the future of the program in Finney County, Kansas. Three
seasonal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images were used to derive
the land-use/land cover (LULC) map. This information was
incorporated with spatial dimensions of soil surface horizon
thickness, surface horizon texture, soil family, soil subgroup, and
soil erodibility index (EI), all of which were extracted or
calculated from the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
soil survey geographic (SSURGO) data base. With GIS techniques,
calculation of EI was more efficient and the value was more
accurate than that calculated by hand. We found the average EI of
the county to be 20, with the highest EI of 77 in the southwest
portion of the study area. CRP land had higher soil fertility and a
lower EI than land currently used for farming; therefore, the CRP
for this county did not necessarily include the lands most
susceptible to erosion. We suggest continuing the CRP program in
Finney County, because the soils are generally at serious risk of
erosion. We also suggest modifying the eligibility rules of the
program in order to target the most environmentally sensitive
lands.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
308. Evaluating the cost effectiveness of land
retirement programs.
Khanna, M.; Yang, W.; Farnsworth,
R.; and Onal, H.
Selected papers from the
annual meeting of the American Agricultural Economics
Association (2002)
NAL Call #:
HD1405-.A44.
Notes: Supplemental online access through http://agecon.lib.umn.edu. Meeting held July 28-31, 2002, in
Long Beach, California. Includes references.
Descriptors:
land diversion/ land use/ cost
benefit analysis/ cost effectiveness analysis/ watersheds/
environmental impact/ mathematical models/ program evaluation/
Illinois/ Lower Sangamon Watershed/ Cass County, Illinois/
Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
309. Factors associated with loblolly pine
mortality on former agricultural sites in the Conservation Reserve
Program.
Mitchell, R. J.; Runion, G. B.;
Kelley, W. D.;
Gjerstad, D. H.; and Brewer, C.
H.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 46
(4): 306-311. (July 1991-Aug.
1991)
NAL Call #:
56.8-J822; ISSN: 0022-4561 [JSWCA3]
Descriptors:
pinus taeda/ seedlings/ mortality/
sulfometuron/ phytotoxicity/ fungal diseases/ insect pests/ plant
parasitic nematodes/ carbofuran/ herbicide residues/ land use/
agricultural land/ afforestation/ erosion control/
Georgia
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
310. Farm bill environmental program may
threaten native prairie habitat.
Baker, B.
Bioscience 50 (5): 400. (May 2000)
NAL Call #:
500-Am322A; ISSN: 0006-3568 [BISNAS]
Descriptors:
federal programs/ land management/
prairies/ environmental policy/ United States/ Conservation Reserve
Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
311. A farm program with incentives to do
good.
Reichelderfer, K.
In: Yearbook of Agriculture;
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1987.
pp. 267-271. ill.,
maps.
Notes: ISSN: 0886-7690
NAL Call #: 1-AG84Y
Descriptors:
conservation/ farmers/ farms/
erosion/ crops/ wetlands/ United States/ Conservation Reserve
Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
312. Federal and State Forestry Cost-Share
Assistance Programs: Structure, Accomplishments, and Future
Outlook.
Haines, T.
New Orleans, LA: Southern Forest
Experiment Station; FSRPSO295; PB96152251XSP, 1995. 21
p.
Notes: Forest Service research paper SO295
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/804
Descriptors:
Structural timber/ State
government/ National government/ Conservation/ Planting/
Harvesting/ Productivity/ Revenue/ Financing/ Forestry management/
Forestry/ Cost sharing/ Government policies/ NIPF/ Nonindustrial
private forest/ NIPF lands/ Private land/ Natural resources and
earth sciences/ Forestry/ Natural resource management/ Problem
solving information for state and local governments/ Environment/
Urban and regional technology and development/ Environmental
management and planning
Abstract: Cost-share assistance programs have
been an effective policy mechanism for increasing productivity on
nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) lands. In light of reduced
harvests from Federal lands, timber productivity on these lands has
become increasingly important to ensure sufficient timber supplies
in the future. Productivity of other forest resources has also been
enhanced through these programs. Four Federal programs, the
Forestry Incentives Program, the Agricultural Conservation Program,
the Stewardship Incentives program, and the Conservation Reserve
Program, provided cost-share assistance for tree planting on
467,000 acres in 1993. During the course of this study, the
provisions of the individual State programs, funding levels,
accomplishments, and outlook for continuation or expansion, were
examined. Federal programs were reviewed as well, with respect to
their interaction with State-level programs. The results of the
study are presented in this paper.
313. Forestation and the CRP.
Mixon, J. and Thompson,
L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 44 (5): 437.
(Sept. 1989-Oct. 1989)
NAL Call #:
56.8-J822; ISSN: 0022-4561 [JSWCA3]
Descriptors:
afforestation/ soil
conservation
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
314. The future of Alabama's CRP grasslands:
AAES study examines prospective uses of CRP grasslands in the Black
Belt.
Goodman, B.; Miller, M.; Gimenez,
D.; Milam, B.; Flynn, K.; and Best, T.
Highlights of Agricultural
Research (Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station) 42 (4): 19-20. (Winter 1995)
NAL Call #:
100-Al1H; ISSN: 0018-1668 [HARAAS]
Descriptors:
grasslands/ conservation areas/
erosion control/ program participants/ production possibilities/
hunting/ multiple land use/ landowners/ regional surveys/
demography/ Alabama/ Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
315. Future of the Conservation Reserve
Program: Joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Environment,
Credit, and Rural Development of the Committee on Agriculture,
House of Representatives, and the Subcommittee on Agricultural
Research, Conservation, Forestry, and General Legislation of the
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, U.S. Senate, One
Hundred Third Congress, second session, September 1, 1994,
Aberdeen, SD.
United States. Congress. House.
Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Environment, Credit and
Rural Development. United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on
Agriculture Nutrition and Forestry. Subcommittee on Agricultural
Research Conservation Forestry and General Legislation.
Washington: U.S. G.P.O.; vi, 192
p.: ill., maps. (1995)
Notes: Distributed to some depository libraries in
microfiche. Shipping list no.: 95-0090-P. "Serial no. 103-92."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 117). SUDOCS: Y 4.AG
8/1:103-92.
NAL Call #: KF27-.A3338-1995; ISBN: 0160468345
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program U.S/
Soil conservation---Economic aspects---United States/ Agricultural
subsidies---United States/ Agriculture and state---United
States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
316. Future use of Conservation Reserve Program
acres: A national survey of farm owners and operators.
Osborn, C. Tim.; Schnepf, Max;
Keim, Russ.; and Soil and Water Conservation Society
(U.S.).
Ankeny, Iowa: Soil and Water
Conservation Society; 47 p.: ill. (1994)
Notes: Includes bibliographical references (p.
29).
NAL Call #: S624.A1O87--1994
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program---United States/ Agricultural conservation---United States/
Land use---Rural---United States/ Agricultural contracts---United
States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
317. GIS-based spatial indices for
identification of potential phosphorous export at watershed
scale.
Giasson, E.; Bryant, R. B.; and
DeGloria, S. D.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 57
(6): 373-381. (2002)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
318. Grazing Lands and the Conservation Reserve
Program.
Winrock International Institute
for Agricultural Development.
Morrilton, AR: Winrock
International, 1988. 8 p.
Notes: Original Title: "Grazing Lands and the
Conservation Reserve Program: executive summary: third forum,
Harpers Ferry, WV, October 11-13, 1988."
NAL Call #: HD241.G73
Descriptors:
Grazing Lands and the Conservation
Reserve Program/ Grazing districts---United States/ Agricultural
conservation---United States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
319. Grazing warm-season grasses on
post-contract CRP land in Colorado.
Hart, Charles R. and Colorado
State University. Cooperative Extension Service.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Colorado
State University Cooperative Extension; XCM-194, 1996.
47 p. Bulletin.
Notes: "January 1996." Includes bibliographical
references (p. 29).
NAL Call #: HD241.G75--1996
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program---United States/ Grazing---Colorado/
Grasses---Colorado---Growth
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
320. Growth responses of warm-season
tallgrasses to dormant-season management.
Schacht, W. H.; Smart, A. J.;
Anderson, B. E.; Moser, L. E.; and Rasby, R.
Journal of Range
Management 51 (4):
442-446. (July 1998)
NAL Call #:
60.18-J82; ISSN: 0022-409X [JRMGAQ]
Descriptors:
panicum virgatum/ andropogon
gerardii/ schizachyrium scoparium/ tillering/ harvesting date/
prescribed burning/ mowing/ grazing intensity/ stocking rate/
grassland improvement/ plant height/ growth stages/
Nebraska
Abstract: A study on Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) land was established in southeastern Nebraska to determine
the effect of dormant-season management on subsequent-year growth
rates and yields of tallgrasses. The purpose of the management
practices was removal of standing dead material and litter that
negatively impact plant growth and grazing efficiency. Treatments
consisted of a control with no residue manipulation and 5 residue
manipulation practices including (1) October shredding and leaving
residue; (2) October haying; (3) October intensive grazing; (4)
March intensive grazing; and (5) spring prescribed burning. The
study was conducted in 1994/95 and 1995/96 on a switchgrass
(Panicum virgatum L.) monoculture and mixed stand of warm-season
tallgrasses dominated by big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman)
and little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash]. The
manipulation treatments effectively removed standing dead material
without reducing yields in the growing season following
application. Marked switchgrass tillers on the control plots
increased (P < 0.1) in height at a more rapid rate than
switchgrass on other treatments until late summer in both years.
Rate of morphological development was similar (P > 0.1) for all
treatments in 1995 and 1996. Rate of height increase and
morphological development in big and little bluestem on the mixed
grass site generally was comparable or slower on the manipulation
treatments than the control in both years; however, big and little
bluestem tillers grew relatively rapidly at the end of the 1995
growing season. Because the manipulation treatments generally did
not increase tiller growth rates of the dominant grass species,
potential harvest dates would be similar to those of untreated
areas.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
321. Hand planting versus machine planting of
bottomland red oaks on former agricultural fields in Louisiana's
Mississippi Alluvial Plain: Sixth-year results.
Michalek AJ; Lockhart BR; Dean TJ;
Keeland BD; and McCoy JW
In: General Technical Report,
Southern Research Station, SRS 48/ Outcalt KW; Outcalt PA; and
Tucker RB, 2002. pp. 352-357.
Notes: Conference: Proceedings of the Eleventh
Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, Knoxville,
Tennessee, 20-22 March 2001.
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
322. Herbaceous energy crop production
feasibility using Conservation Reserve Program acreage.
Nelson, R. G.; Langemeier, M. R.;
and
Ohlenbusch, P. D.
Proceedings of the Annual
Conference - American Solar Energy Society : 326-331. (1994)
NAL Call #:
TJ810.A54; ISSN: 1062-4910.
Notes: Meeting held June 25-30, 1994, San Jose,
California. Includes references.
Descriptors:
fuel crops/ tripsacum dactyloides/
andropogon gerardii/ sorghastrum nutans/ bioenergy/ energy cost of
production/ crop production/ nitrogen fertilizers/ transport/
pyrolysis/ feasibility/ economic analysis/ federal programs/ United
States/ Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
323. Historical development of native
vegetation on the Great Plains.
Stubbendieck, J.
In: General Technical Report
RM.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
21-28.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
vegetation types/ botanical
composition/ environmental factors/ history/ northern plains states
of USA/ southern plains states of USA
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
324. History of cropland set aside programs in
the Great Plains.
Bedenbaugh, E. J.
In: General Technical Report
RM.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
14-17.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
resource conservation/ soil
conservation/ land diversion/ history/ northern plains states of
USA/ southern plains states of USA/ food security act of 1985/
Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
325. History of grassland plowing and grass
planting on the Great Plains.
Laycock, W. A.
In: General Technical Report
RM.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
3-8.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
grasslands/ land use/ plowing/
revegetation/ resource conservation/ history/ northern plains
states of USA/ southern plains states of USA
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
326. How to determine when your Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) pine plantation is ready to thin.
Londo AJ; Traugott TA; Dicke SG;
and Roberts SD
In: General Technical Report,
Southern Research Station, SRS 48/ Outcalt KW; Outcalt PA; and
Tucker RB USDA Forest Service, 2002. pp. 159-162.
Notes: Conference: Proceedings of the Eleventh
Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, Knoxville,
Tennessee, 20-22 March 2001.
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
327. Impact of leafy spurge on
post-Conservation Reserve Program land.
Hirsch, S. A. and Leitch, J.
A.
Journal of Range
Management 51 (6):
614-620. (Nov. 1998)
NAL Call #:
60.18-J82; ISSN: 0022-409X [JRMGAQ]
Descriptors:
euphorbia esula/ conservation
areas/ weed control/ species diversity/ economic impact/ grazing/
carrying capacity/ wildlife/ North Dakota
Abstract: Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.), a
noxious weed infests some of the 1.2 million hectares of
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land in North Dakota. Once
established a leafy spurge monoculture will reduce expected CRP
benefits and impact returns to some post-CRP land uses. The study
estimated statewide direct economic impacts of about $351,000 on
post-CRP land maintained in vegetative cover, $1.118 million on
post-CRP grazing land, and negligible (assumed $0) on post-CRP
cropland, for a total of $1.469 million. Total annual direct and
secondary economic impacts to North Dakota's economy were estimated
to be $4.665 million, which would support about 57 jobs.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
328. Impact of post-CRP alternatives on cotton
production in the Texas High Plains.
Johnson, P.; Segarra, E.; and
Ervin, R. T.
Proceedings - Beltwide
Cotton Conferences
1: 500-502. (1994)
NAL Call #:
SB249.N6; ISSN: 1059-2644.
Notes: Meeting held January 5-8, San Diego,
California. Includes references.
Descriptors:
cotton/ gossypium/ economic
analysis/ crop production/ land policy/ erosion/ soil conservation/
Texas/ Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
329. Implications of changes in the regional
ecology of the Great Plains.
Joyce, L. A. and Skold, M.
D.
In: General Technical Report
RM.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
115-127.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
resource conservation/ soil
conservation/ erosion control/ land use/ programs/ USDA/ landscape/
northern plains states of USA/ southern plains states of USA/
Conservation
Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
330. Insects as indicators of land use in three
ecoregions in the prairie pothole region.
Anderson, D. J. and Vondracek,
B.
Wetlands 19 (3): 648-664. (1999)
NAL Call #:
QH75.A1W47; ISSN: 0277-5212
Descriptors:
Prairies / Agricultural practices/
Indicator species/ Light traps/ Species diversity/ Species
richness/ United States, North Dakota/ Land Use/ Invertebrates/
Insects/ Wetlands/ Agriculture/ Ecological Effects/ Insecta/
Populations & general ecology/ Effects on water of human
nonwater activities
Abstract: We sampled populations of insects in the
prairie pothole region of North Dakota, USA, to determine whether
relationships existed between community- or taxon-level indicators
and 11 land-use types. Our goal was to determine if agricultural
impacts were reflected in measurable differences for insect
indicators: abundance, taxa richness, and diversity. Insects were
sampled with light traps at 126 wetland basins in three ecoregions.
Sampling was conducted three times each year during the spring and
early summer of 1995 and 1996. Sites were selected based on the
proportion of cropland to grassland, hayland, and Conservation
Reserve Program land surrounding wetland basins at 50 and 400 m
radii. Other land-use types included in our analyses were woodland,
roadways, and five wetland types: permanent, semi-permanent,
seasonal, temporary, and riverine. In both years, taxa richness,
abundance, and diversity were greater for the second (June) and
third (July) sampling periods than for the first period (May), and
indicators were greater in the Drift Plain and Red River Valley
ecoregions than in the Missouri Coteau ecoregion. Our analyses
indicated several significant associations between insect
indicators and land-use types; however, r super(2) values were
generally low. Much more of the variance in insect measures was
explained by temperature, seasonal, and ecoregion effects. Several
associations were significant within individual ecoregions (i.e.,
abundance of aquatic insects, Caenidae, Scarabaeidae, and
Lepidoptera and number of Ephemeroptera families). However, no
indicators were found in common for all three ecoregions. Several
significant associations with land use were identified across all
sites (i.e., all ecoregions combined). A small number of the
significant relationships found across all sites were related to
agricultural land use, and several indicated a negative
relationship with grasslands. However, we observed several positive
relationships between our insect indicators and riverine wetlands
across sites and in the Red River Valley ecoregion for both years
and spatial scales (i.e., the abundance of Caenidae, Scarabaeidae,
Ceratopogonidae, Hydropsychidae, and Hydroptilidae).
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
331. Landscape cover type and pattern dynamics
in fragmented southern Great Plains grasslands, USA.
Coppedge, B. R.; Engle, D. M.;
Fuhlendorf, S. D.; Masters, R. E.; and Gregory, M.
S.
Landscape Ecology
16 (8): 677-690. (2001)
NAL Call #:
QH541.15.L35L36; ISSN: 0921-2973
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
332. Local socioeconomic impacts of the
Conservation Reserve Program.
Hodur NM; Leistritz FL; and
Bangsund DA
Fargo, N.D.: Department of
Agribusiness and Applied Economics, North Dakota State University;
Agribusiness and Applied Economics Report (AAER) 476, 2002. 16
p.
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
333. Long-term harmful effects of crested
wheatgrass on Great Plains grassland ecosystems.
Lesica, P. and DeLuca, T.
H.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 51
(5): 408-409. (Oct. 1996)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
ecological effects/ species
diversity/ vegetation/ soil erosion/ erosion control/ United
States, Great Plains/ exotic species/ crested wheatgrass/
Watershed protection
Abstract: Many Eurasian grasses have been
intentionally introduced throughout temperate North America,
primarily for hay and pasture. The most commonly planted exotic
grass in western North America is crested wheatgrass (Agropyron
cristatum, A. desertorum). There are between 15 and 26 million
acres of crested wheatgrass on this continent. The conversion of
native prairie to crested wheatgrass primarily occurred after the
drought of the late 1920s and 1930s when large areas of marginal
cropland were abandoned and then seeded with non-native grasses to
reduce soil erosion potential. Today, crested wheatgrass continues
to be planted over large areas of the Northern Great Plains. Since
1985 several million acres of crested wheatgrass have been planted
on idled cropland as part of the Conservation Reserve
Program.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
334. A look at CRP land: Returning to cotton
production.
Johnson, J.; McGregor, K.; and
Dabney, S.
Proceedings - Beltwide
Cotton Conferences
2: 1351-1352. (1996)
NAL Call #:
SB249.N6; ISSN: 1059-2644
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
335. Maximizing the environmental benefits per
dollar expended: An economic interpretation and review of
agricultural environmental benefits and costs.
Poe, Gregory L. and New York State
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Dept. of Agricultural,
Resource and Managerial Economics.
Ithaca, NY: Dept. of Agricultural,
Resource, and Managerial Economics, College of Agriculture and Life
Sciences, Cornell University; 45 p. (1997)
Notes: Cover title. "July 1997." Includes
bibliographical references (p. 32-42).
NAL Call #: HD1775.N7-E25-no.-97-10
http://purl.org/net/nysl/nysdocs/37497244
Descriptors:
Agriculture---Economic aspects/
Agriculture---Environmental aspects/ Environmental
protection---Cost effectiveness
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
336. Minnesota wood energy scale-up project
1994 establishment cost data.
Downing, M.; Pierce, R.; and
Kroll, T.
Oak Ridge, Tenn. Oak Ridge
National Laboratory; ORNL TM12914, 1996. 58 p.
Notes: DE96010091XSP; Sponsored by Department of
Energy, Washington, DC.; Contract: AC0596OR22464
Descriptors:
Economic Analysis/ Energy Source
Development/ Socio Economic Factors/ Biomass Plantations/
Minnesota/ Poplars/ Wood Fuels/ Business and economics/
Energy reserves/ Energy policies, regulations and studies/
Fuels
Abstract: The Minnesota Wood Energy Scale-up
Project began in late 1993 with the first trees planted in the
spring of 1994. The purpose of the project is to track and monitor
economic costs of planting, maintaining and monitoring larger scale
commercial plantings. For 15 years, smaller scale research
plantings of hybrid poplar have been used to screen for promising,
high-yielding poplar clones. In this project 1000 acres of hybrid
poplar trees were planted on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
land near Alexandria, Minnesota in 1994. The fourteen landowners
involved re-contracted with the CRP for five-year extensions of
their existing 10-year contracts. These extended contracts will
expire in 2001, when the plantings are 7 years old. The end use for
the trees planted in the Minnesota Wood Energy Scale-up Project is
undetermined. They will belong to the owner of the land on which
they are planted. There are no current contracts in place for the
wood these trees are projected to supply. The structure of the wood
industry in the Minnesota has changed drastically over the past 5
years. Stumpage values for fiber have risen to more than $20 per
cord in some areas raising the possibility that these trees could
be used for fiber rather than energy. Several legislative mandates
have forced the State of Minnesota to pursue renewable energy
including biomass energy. These mandates, a potential need for an
additional 1700 MW of power by 2008 by Northern States Power, and
agricultural policies will all affect development of energy markets
for wood produced much like agricultural crops. There has been a
tremendous amount of local and international interest in the
project. Contractual negotiations between area landowners, the CRP,
a local Resource Conservation and Development District, the
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and others are currently
underway for additional planting of 1000 acres in spring
1995.
337. National Survey of Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) Participants on Environmental Effects, Wildlife
Issues, and Vegetation Management on Program Lands.
Allen, A. W. and Vanderever, M.
W.
Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Geological
Survey, Fort Collins Science Center; USGS BSR 2003-001, 2003. 56
p.
Notes: ADA418145XSP; Biological Sciences Report;
Prepared in cooperation with Johnson Controls World Services, Inc.,
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118.
http://www.fort.usgs.gov/products/publications/21075/21075.pdf
Descriptors:
Ground water/ Air quality/ Soil
erosion/ Wildlife/ Plants Botany/ Fire hazards/ Surveys/ Long range
Time/ Environmental impact/ Land use/ Conservation Reserve Program/
Natural resources and earth sciences/ Agriculture and food/
Agricultural equipment facilities and operations/ Medicine and
biology/ Ecology/ Environmental pollution and control
Abstract: A national survey of Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) contractees was completed to obtain
information about environmental and social effects of the program
on participants, farms, and communities. Of interest were
observations concerning wildlife, attitudes about long-term
management of program lands, and effectiveness of U.S. Department
of Agriculture (USDA) assistance in relation to these issues.
Surveys were delivered to 2,189 CRP participants with a resultant
response rate of 64.5%. Retired farmers represented the largest
category of respondents (52%). Enhanced control of soil erosion was
the leading benefit of the CRP reported. Over 73% of respondents
observed increased numbers of wildlife associated with lands
enrolled in the program. The majority of respondents reported CRP
benefits, including increased quality of surface and ground waters,
improved air quality, control of drifting snow, and elevated
opportunities to hunt or simply observe wildlife as part of daily
activities, income stability, improved scenic quality of farms and
landscapes, and potential increases in property values and future
incomes also were seen as program benefits. Negative aspects,
reported by a smaller number of respondents, included seeing the
CRP as a source of weeds, fire hazard, and attracting unwanted
requests for trespass. Over 75% of respondents believed CRP
benefits to wildlife were important. A majority of respondents
(82%) believed the amount of assistance furnished by USDA related
to planning and maintaining wildlife habitat-associated with CRP
lands was appropriate. Nearly 51% of respondents would accept
incorporation of periodic management of vegetation into long-term
management of CRP lands to maintain quality of wildlife habitats.
Provision of funds to address additional costs and changes in CRP
regulations would be required to maximize long-term management of
program lands.
338. North Dakota's CRP Grazing and Haying
Demonstration Project.
Printz, J. L.
Rangelands 15 (4): 163-165. (Aug. 1993)
NAL Call #:
SF85.A1R32; ISSN: 0190-0528
Descriptors:
soil conservation/ grazing/
hay/ grazing systems/ stocking rate/ herbage/ North Dakota/
Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
339. Noxious weed control in Conservation
Reserve Program grass stands.
Ohlenbusch, P. D.
In: L: Cooperative Extension
Service, Kansas State University, 816 (April 1990); Manhattan,
Kan.: Cooperative Extension Service,
Kansas State University, 1990. 4
p.
NAL Call #: 275.29-K13LE
Descriptors:
weed control/ grasslands/ cover
crops/ herbicides/ Kansas
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
340. Overwintering by the boll weevil
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Conservation Reserve Program grasses
on the Texas High Plains.
Carroll, S. C.; Rummel, D. R.; and
Segarra, E.
Journal of Economic
Entomology 86 (2): 382-393.
(Apr. 1993)
NAL Call #:
421-J822; ISSN: 0022-0493 [JEENAI]
Descriptors:
anthonomus grandis/ diapause/
habitats/ overwintering/ plains/ plateaus/ survival/ conservation
areas/ grasses/ Texas
Abstract: Scarcity of suitable overwintering
habitat is a major obstacle to the establishment of the boll
weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, in cotton-producing
counties of the Texas High Plains (THP). After introduction of the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in 1985, a 3-yr study was
conducted to investigate the overwintering potential of the boll
weevil in two CRP grass habitats on the THP. Overwintering survival
of the boll weevil in leaf litter of sand shinnery oak, Quercus
havardii (Rydberg), in the Texas Rolling Plains (TRP) served as a
comparison. CRP grasses provide marginal overwintering habitat when
compared with sand shinnery oak leaf litter. For a given level of
winter severity, total winter survival and effective emergence
(emergence after approximately 15 June in the study area) were
consistently lower in the CRP grasses than in sand shinnery oak
leaf litter. Even with lower survival rates in THP grasses,
economically damaging boll weevil infestations could follow mild
winters if large diapausing populations develop in the fall.
Pheromone traps located in CRP pastures on the THP indicated a
relatively low level of overwintered boll weevil emergence during
all three study years.
This citation is from AGRICOLA.
341. Perennial wheat germ plasm lines resistant
to eyespot, Cephalosporium stripe, and wheat streak
mosaic.
Cox, C. M.; Murray, T. D.; and
Jones, S. S.
Plant Disease 86 (9): 1043-1048. (Sept.
2002)
NAL Call #:
1.9-P69P; ISSN: 0191-2917
Descriptors:
Plant diseases/ Wheat germ/ Disease
resistance/ Eye spot/ Stripe/ Streak/ Eyespot/ Wheat streak mosaic
virus/ Cephalosporium gramineum/ Tapesia yallundae/
Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides/ Thinopyrum ponticum/
Thinopyrum intermedium/ Washington/ Susceptibility & virus
multiplication/ General/ United States
Abstract:
A perennial wheat cropping system
on the Palouse Prairie of eastern Washington may provide an
alternative to the Federal Conservation Reserve Program and reduce
soil erosion while providing a harvestable crop for growers.
Twenty-four perennial wheat germ plasm lines resulting from crosses
between wheat and wheatgrass were evaluated under controlled
environment conditions for resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus
(WSMV), Cephalosporium gramineum, and Tapesia yallundae (anamorph
Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides var. herpotrichoides).
Perennial wheat lines SS452, SS103, SS237, MT-2, and PI 550713 were
resistant to all three pathogens. Eight lines (33%) were resistant
to WSMV at 21 degree C and 25 degree C; AT3425 was resistant to
WSMV at 21 degree C but not at 25 degree C. Thirteen lines (54%)
were highly to moderately resistant to C. gramineum. Thirteen lines
(54%) were resistant to T. yallundae in each experiment, but the
reactions of four lines differed between experiments. The
wheatgrasses Thinopyrum intermedium (PI 264770) and Thinopyrum
ponticum (PI 206624) are reported as new sources of resistance to
T. yallundae. Perennial wheat must have resistance to these
diseases in order to be feasible as a crop in the Pacific
Northwest.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
342. Pine and CRP as alternative cropland uses:
An application of the southeast land allocation model.
Atwood, J. D.; English, B. C.; and
Robertson, T.
Southern Journal of
Agricultural Economics 21 (1): 189. (July 1989)
NAL Call #:
HD101.S6; ISSN: 0081-3052
Descriptors:
pines/ land use/ farmland/ crop
mixtures/ south eastern states of USA
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
343. Plow: Lessons Learned From CRP -
Point.
Mitchell, J. E.
In: 50th Annual Meeting of the
Society for Range Management. (Held 15 Feb 1997-20 Feb 1997 at Rapid City, SD
(USA).); 1997.
Notes: Conference Sponsor: South Dakota Section of the
Society for Range Management; HQ: Society for Range Management
(Denver, CO); World Meeting Number 971 0113
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
344. Post-contract grassland management and
winter wheat production on former CRP fields in the southern Great
Plains.
Dao, T. H.; Stiegler, J. H.;
Banks, J. C.;
Bogle Boerngen, L.; and Adams,
B.
Agronomy Journal
92 (6): 1109-1117.
(Nov. 2000-Dec. 2000)
NAL Call #:
4-AM34P; ISSN: 0002-1962 [AGJOAT]
Descriptors:
triticum aestivum/ grassland
management/ abandoned land/ semiarid climate/ land management/
efficacy/ bothriochloa ischaemum/ gossypium hirsutum/ fertilizers/
application rates/ regrowth/ conservation tillage/ herbicides/
no-tillage/ land banks/ Oklahoma/ Conservation Reserve
Program
Abstract: Integrated management guidelines for
postcontract land use Conservation Reserve Program lands in
semiarid regions are generally lacking. We determined the relative
efficacy of four systems of transitional conservation practices for
producing 'Old World' bluestem (OWB) (Bothriochlora ischaemum L.)
and dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and cotton (Gossypium
hirsutum L.) on former CRP fields. The sites were located on
Dalhart fine sandy loam (Aridic Paleustalf) and La Casa-Aspermont
clay loam (Typic Paleustoll) near Forgan and Duke, OK,
respectively. Removing old growth increased cumulative OWB yields
between 1994 and 1997. Applications of 67 kg N and 16.5 kg P ha(-1)
increased yields by 0, 70, and 180% at Forgan and 290, 70, and 280%
at Duke in 1995 to 1997, respectively. Removing the old dry matter
and regrowth vigor also enhanced chemical suppression and killing
of the grass, the performance of conservation tillage, and
achieving a uniform crop stand. Early OWB suppression conserved
stored water that was vital to cool-season crop production in the
year the contract expired. First-year wheat yields averaged 970,
490, and 1002 kg ha(-1) at Forgan and 1590, 600, and 830 kg ha(-1)
at Duke under unfavorable weather conditions (i.e., drought, late
freeze) of 1995 through 1997, respectively. No-till generally
produced higher yields, averaging 10 and 35% greater than
conservation systems at Forgan and Duke, respectively. In variable
semiarid environment, the chance of success for agronomic
production decreased in the order of grass production, NT wheat,
tilled wheat, and dryland cotton on former CRP lands.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
345. Post-CRP land management and sustainable
production alternatives for highly erodible lands in the Southern
Great Plains.
Dao, T. H. Sustainable Agriculture
Research and Education SARE research projects Southern Region.
1995. 35 p.
Notes: Author Affiliation: USDA, ARS, Conservation
& Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX; SARE Project
Number: LS94-58
NAL Call #: S441.S8552
Descriptors:
triticum aestivum/ gossypium
hirsutum/ conservation tillage/ tillage/ no-tillage/ bothriochloa
ischaemum/ prescribed burning/ crop density/ crop management/ land
management/ federal programs/ crop yield/ Texas/ Oklahoma/
Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
346. RCA III influence of social trends on
agricultural natural resources: Community, social capital, and
conservation.
Washington D.C.: NRCS, USDA, 1997.
vii, 61 p.: map; 28 cm.
NAL Call #: aS930.U6 R23 1997
Descriptors:
Agriculture---Social
aspects---United States/ Community development---United States/
Conservation of natural resources---United States
This citation is from AGRICOLA.
347. RCA III influence of social trends on
agricultural natural resources: Property rights, conservation, and
ecosystem-based assistance.
Washington, D.C.: NRCS, USDA,
1997. vii,
17 p.; 28 cm.
NAL Call #: aHD255 .R23 1997
Descriptors:
Agricultural ecology---United
States/ Right of property---United States/ Ecosystem
management---United States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
348. Resource conservation: Hearing before the
Subcommittee on Forestry, Conservation, and Rural Revitalization of
the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United
States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session ... June
6, 1995.
United States. Congress. Senate.
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry. Subcommittee on
Forestry Conservation and Rural Revitalization.
Washington: U.S. G.P.O.; iv, 151
p.: ill.; Series: United States. Congress. Senate.
S. Hrg. 104-496. (1996)
Notes: Distributed to some depository libraries in
microfiche. Shipping list no.: 97-0026-P. Includes bibliographical
references. SUDOCS: Y 4.AG 8/3:S.HRG.104-496.
NAL Call #: Fiche--S-133-Y-4.AG-8/3:S.HRG.104-496-;
ISBN: 0160535514
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program---United States/ Conservation of natural
resources---Government policy---United States/ Agriculture and
state---United States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
349. Revamped CRP growing again.
Osborn, T.
Agricultural Outlook
[AO] (175): 22-25. (June
1991)
NAL Call #:
aHD1751.A42; ISSN: 0099-1066
Descriptors:
federal programs/ land diversion/
erosion control/ legislation/ United States/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ food, agriculture, conservation and trade act of
1990
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
350. Reverting Conservation Reserve Program
lands to wheat and livestock production: Effects on ground beetle
(Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages.
French, B. W.; Elliott, N. C.; and
Berberet, R. C.
Environmental
Entomology 27 (6):
1323-1335. (Dec. 1998)
NAL Call #:
QL461.E532; ISSN: 0046-225X [EVETBX]
Descriptors:
carabidae/ insect communities/
community ecology/ species diversity/ population density/ pastures/
conservation areas/ reserved areas/ bothriochloa bladhii/ land use/
agricultural land / triticum aestivum/ minimum tillage/ no-tillage/
livestock/ grazing/ Oklahoma/ species composition/ species
abundance
Abstract: Highly erodible lands enrolled in the
Conservation Reserve Program soon will revert to agricultural
production. This study was designed to determine the effects of
reversion of Conservation Reserve Program lands to wheat and
livestock production on ground beetle assemblages. Reversion
strategies included no reversion of Conservation Reserve Program
grass (unmanaged bluestem), simulated grazing of Conservation
Reserve Program grass (managed bluestem), minimum-tillage practices
for wheat production, and no-tillage practices for wheat
production. A randomized block experimental design was established
with 4 replicates. More ground beetles were captured in pitfall
traps in 1995 than in 1996, and abundances within years differed
among reversion strategies. Of the 73 ground beetle species
collected, 9 species accounted for 61.7% of total abundance.
Abundances of these 9 species differed with respect to reversion
strategy. Species diversity and evenness differed among the
reversion strategies in 1995, but only evenness differed in 1996.
Canonical correspondence analysis showed that annual and monthly
variation were the predominant factors in separating ground beetle
assemblages. Lack of rainfall may have accounted for a large
portion of differences in abundances between years. A partial
canonical correspondence analysis showed that simulated grazing and
no-tillage wheat were the predominant reversion strategies in
separating ground beetle assemblages. These treatments represent
disturbance levels intermediate to unmanaged bluestem and
minimum-tillage wheat.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
351. Review of the Conservation Reserve
Program, Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program, and other
conservation matters affecting U.S. agriculture: Hearing before the
Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities, Resource Conservation,
and Credit of the Committee on Agriculture, House of
Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session, March
31, 2000, Mankato, MN.
United States. Congress. House.
Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities,
Resource Conservation and Credit.
Washington: U.S. G.P.O.;
iii, 119 p.: ill.,
maps. (2000)
Notes: Distributed to some depository libraries in
microfiche. Shipping list no.: 2000-0275-P. "Serial no. 106-49."
SUDOCS: Y 4.AG 8/1:106-49.
NAL Call #: KF27-.A3452-2000a; ISBN: 0160606020
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program---United States/ Conservation Reserve Enhancement
Program---United States/ Wetland mitigation banking---Minnesota/
Wetland conservation---Minnesota/
Soil
conservation---Minnesota
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
352. RIM and CRP: Two marginal cropland
retirement programs.
Taff, Steven J.
St. Paul, Minn.: University of
Minnesota, Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Home Economics,
1987.
16 p.: ill.
Notes: Staff paper P, 0090-1334; P87-21.; "July 1987."
Bibliography: p. 15.
NAL Call #: HD1761.A1M5-no.87-21
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
353. The role of the Conservation Reserve
Program in controlling rural residential development.
Johnson, J. and Maxwell,
B.
Journal of Rural
Studies 17 (3): 323-332.
(July 2001)
NAL Call #:
HT401.J68; ISSN: 0743-0167
Descriptors:
land use / residential areas/ rural
development/ federal programs/ land policy/ land management/
prediction/ Montana/
Three Forks, Montana
Abstract: Rural population growth in the form of
residential development frequently results in the loss of
agricultural productive land as well as loss of adjacent open space
that often characterizes rural communities. A land-use prediction
model was used to determine what influence the USDA Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) may have on urban sprawl and rural community
sustainability. The model demonstrated that the projected mean
rural residential growth rate was almost half the growth rate with
CRP as compared to without CRP in the local land management mix. In
addition, ecosystem integrity on the land surrounding a rural
community was sharply increased with the introduction of CRP.
However, community economics and subsequent social character of the
community may have been significantly impacted by CRP. In order to
partially mitigate CRP-induced community impacts we propose future
CRP guidelines support the establishment of within-production field
scale ecological refuges. These refuges would satisfy the
conservation requirements of the program, return a level of
traditional agricultural production to the land management mix, and
provide the adjacent community with aesthetic and recreational
amenities that are frequently associated with modern rural
economies.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
354. Russian thistle control in Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) grass plantings.
Adams, E. B. and Swan, D.
G.
Research Progress Report -
Western Society of Weed Science : 368. (1988)
NAL Call #:
79.9-W52R; ISSN: 0090-8142
Descriptors:
lawns and turf/ salsola iberica/
herbicide application/ Washington
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
355. Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera :
Aphididae) performance on perennial grasses.
Mowry, T. M.; Halbert, S. E.; and
Pike, K. S.
Journal of Economic
Entomology 88
(3): 635-639. (1995)
NAL Call #:
421 J822; ISSN: 0022-0493
Descriptors:
grasses/ Diuraphis noxia/
Aphididae/ Homoptera/ survival/ fecundity/ host plants/ Relations
to plants
Abstract: Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia
(Kurdjumov), survival and fecundity on 25 perennial grasses in
their 1st yr of growth was measured in greenhouse experiments.
Thirteen grasses that had survived heading, seed set, and induced
dormancy were tested for aphid host suitability of plants in their
2nd yr of growth. In general, wheatgrasses were the most suitable
Russian wheat aphid hosts in both 1st- and 2nd-yr growth
experiments. Siberian wheatgrass P-27 and crested wheatgrass
'Ephraim' were better hosts for the Russian wheat aphid 1 yr after
establishment than in the 1st yr; however, there was no difference
in host suitability between concurrently tested 1st- and 2nd-yr
plants. Great Basin wildrye 'Magnar' was a less suitable host in
the second year, but this perennial grass was a poor host over all
plant ages. These greenhouse results support the conclusion that
certain perennial grasses that are suitable for Russian wheat aphid
survival and fecundity in the 1st yr of growth remain so in second
and subsequent years following establishment. For acreage set aside
in the Conservation Reserve Program, it is advisable to plant
perennial grasses that are poor Russian wheat aphid hosts from the
outset.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
356. Selected Effects of the Conservation
Reserve Program on Program Participants: A Report to Survey
Respondents.
Vandever, M. W.; Allen, A. W.; and
Sexton, N. R.
Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Geological
Survey, Fort Collins Science Center; USGSOFR02476, 2003. 30
p.
Notes: USGS Open file rept. 2476; Sponsored by Farm
Service Agency, Lakewood, CO
http://www.fort.usgs.gov/products/publications/10023/10023.pdf
Descriptors:
Surveys/ Natural resources
conservation/ Conservation/ Wildlife/ Habitats/ Social effect/
Public opinion/ Conservation Reserve Program/ Natural resources and
earth sciences/ Natural resource management/ Agriculture and food/
Agricultural economics
Abstract: In the summer of 2001, we drew a
random sample of 2,212 persons holding active Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) contracts across all USDA Farm Production Regions
because we wanted information from people intimately familiar with
the program's effects on their land and communities, we did not
send surveys to contracts held in the name of trusts, banks, or
other non-personal ownership (49 contracts). To carry out the
survey, we followed a dependable step-by-step process designed to
maximize the quality and quantity of responses for mail surveys
(Dillman 1978, 2000). As a result, the overall response rate for
the survey was 65%. Of the 35% who did not respond, only 1% (29
people) formally refused to participate. We were able to summarize
the survey results nationally and by USDA Farm Production
Region.
357. Slippage effects of the Conservation
Reserve Program.
Wu, J. J.
American Journal of
Agricultural Economics 82 (4): 979-992. (Nov. 2000)
NAL Call #:
280.8-J822; ISSN: 0002-9092 [AJAEBA]
Descriptors:
land use/ land diversion/ federal
programs/ conservation/ agricultural land/ environmental impact/
regression analysis/ erosion/ United States
Abstract: Each year, billions of dollars of public
funds are expended to purchase conservation easements on farmland.
One unintended impact of these programs is that they may bring
non-cropland into crop production. Such a slippage effect can be
caused by increased output prices and by substitution effects. This
article shows that for each one hundred acres of cropland retired
under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in the central United
States, twenty acres of non-cropland were converted to cropland,
offsetting 9% and 14% of CRP water and wind erosion reduction
benefits, respectively. Implications of these results for the
design of conservation programs are discussed.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
358. Spatial modeling of preferred wireworm
(Coleoptera : Elateridae) habitat.
Lefko, S. A.; Pedigo, L. P.;
Batchelor, W. D.; and Rice, M. E.
Environmental
Entomology 27 (2):
184-190. (Apr. 1998)
NAL Call #:
QL461.E532; ISSN: 0046-225X [EVETBX]
Descriptors:
elateridae/ insect pests/ spatial
distribution/ habitats/ models/ geographical information systems/
sampling/ soil water content/ pest management/ agricultural land/
federal programs/ Iowa/ habitat preference/ pest scouting/
Conservation Reserve Program
Abstract: Potential damage to crops after the
Conservation Reserve Program is widespread. One probable result is
the increased occurrence of soil-insect pests, primarily wireworms
(Coleoptera: Elateridae). The likelihood of wireworm problems in
the Iowa Conservation Reserve Program was compounded by the large
amount of land enrolled in the program and the economic importance
of corn, Zea mays L., the crop most often damaged by wireworms in
the state. As a result, farmers need to consider pest management
options that should include pest scouting. Wireworm
presence/absence data from 1995 and 1996, and estimates of soil
moisture from 89 Conservation Reserve Program fields were used to
estimate variables useful for identifying where wireworms are more
likely to occur. The most useful variables were a soil-moisture
threshold of 17% and a moisture analysis that included
meteorological data from only 1 yr before sampling occurred. These
variables were coupled with a hydrologic model and embedded in a
geographic information systems (GIS) framework. This computerized
habitat model was run on the study area, Story County, Iowa, and
generated a map indicating areas where wireworms were more likely
to occur and where scouting should begin. Results of the model run
indicate that most of Story County is suitable wireworm habitat and
that there were areas considered highly favorable. The map
generated by this computer model can be used as a guide for
directing scouting within a field but does not identify areas where
management tactics are necessary. The methodology used in this
study is relatively simple, yet it performs the difficult task of
combining time, space, and climatological variables to evaluate
wireworm habitat over a landscape. Moreover, it demonstrates one
application of GIS technology in a discipline where the subject has
characteristics that are inherently spatial.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
359. The supply of land for conservation uses:
Evidence from the Conservation Reserve Program.
Plantinga, A. J.; Alig, R.; and
Cheng, H. T.
Resources, Conservation and
Recycling 31 (3): 199-215. (2001)
NAL Call #:
TP156.R38R47; ISSN: 0921-3449
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
360. A survey of CRP land in Minnesota: Legume
and grass persistence.
Jewett, J. G.; Sheaffer, C. C.;
Moon, R. D.; Martin, N. P.; Barnes, D. K.; Breitbach, D. D.; and
Jordan, N. R.
Journal of Production
Agriculture 9 (4):
528-534. (Oct. 1996-Dec. 1996)
NAL Call #:
S539.5.J68; ISSN: 0890-8524 [JPRAEN].
Notes: Subtitle: [Part] I.
Descriptors:
land diversion/ federal programs/
regional surveys/ permanent grasslands/ legumes/ grasses/
persistence/ soil fertility/ phosphorus/ potassium/ soil ph/
Minnesota/ Conservation Reserve Program
Abstract: The federal Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP), which had goals including reduced soil erosion and increased
wildlife habitat, funded diversion of land from annual crops into
permanent vegetation. The survival of grasses and legumes planted
in CRP fields was not known. Our objectives were to assess the
persistence and coverage of grasses and legumes in 6- to 8-yr-old
CRP fields and to determine changes in soil pH, P, and K levels. We
studied 151 CRP fields chosen from 10 counties in four geographical
regions of Minnesota: 108 in the conservation practice 1 (CP-1)
cover type (planted cool-season perennial grasses and legumes); 17
in the CP-2 cover type (planted warm-season native grasses); and 26
in the CP-10 cover type (existing vegetation). Statewide, legumes
persisted in 82% of CP-1 fields planted to legumes, with 23%
groundcover. Grasses persisted in 90% of the planted CP-1 fields
with 47% groundcover. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot
trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), the most persistent legumes,
persisted in 90 and 67% of the planted fields with 21 and 32%
groundcover, respectively. Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis
Leyss), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and switchgrass
(Panicum virgatum L.) persisted in over 90% of the planted fields
and had 50% groundcover or more. Other legumes and grasses
persisted in 50% or less of the planted fields and had 10%
groundcover or less. To maintain legumes in CRP fields, clipping is
required or cultivars should be developed that persist without
defoliation. Generally, soil pH, P, and K levels did not change
from initial to final samples and should be adequate to obtain low
levels of forage production.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
361. A survey of CRP land in Minnesota: Weeds
on CRP land.
Jewett, J. G.; Scheaffer, C. C.;
Moon, R. D.; Martin, N. P.; Barnes, D. K.; Breitbach, D. D.;
and
Jordan, N. R.
Journal of Production
Agriculture 9 (4):
535-542. (Oct. 1996-Dec. 1996)
NAL Call #:
S539.5.J68; ISSN: 0890-8524 [JPRAEN].
Notes: Subtitle: [Part] II.
Descriptors:
land diversion/ federal programs/
regional surveys/ permanent grasslands/ botanical composition/
weeds/ infestation/ coverage/ frequency distribution/ rodents/
disturbed land/ colonization/ Minnesota/ Conservation Reserve
Program
Abstract: The federal Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) funded the conversion of eroding cropland to grass or
grass-legume cover that was not to be tilled, hayed, or grazed for
10 yr. It was not known what the species composition of CRP fields
would be after years of minimal disturbance. Our objective was to
document the presence and percentage groundcover of weeds in 151
CRP fields located in 10 Minnesota counties; including 108
Conservation Practice (CP)-1 (cool-season legumes and grasses)
fields, 17 CP-2 (native grasses) fields, and 26 CP-10 (existing
vegetation) fields. Groundcover of each species present and of bare
ground was scored in six 106-sq-ft sample plots per field. The most
prevalent species were the primary noxious weed Canada thistle
[Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.], the secondary noxious weed quackgrass
[Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex. Nevski], and the non-noxious weeds
dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber.) and goldenrod (Solidago
spp.). Weed percentage groundcover was higher in CP-10 fields than
in CP-1 or CP-2 fields, probably because many CP-10 stands were
already thinning at the start of the CRP contract. Volunteer
legumes and grasses were common in CP-10 fields. In CP-1 fields,
legume and grass percentage groundcover usually was correlated
negatively with weed percentage groundcover. Weed percentage
groundcover and species richness were correlated positively. Gopher
mounding was correlated positively with the amount of bare ground
and with the percentage groundcover of annual and biennial weed
species. Primary, secondary, and non-noxious weeds were each found
in nearly 90% of the fields studied. Widespread presence of noxious
weeds on CRP fields is a cause for concern. Weed control issues
should be addressed in planning a new CRP.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
362. Systemic constraints to ecological
well-being: The case of the 1985 Food Security Act.
Glenna, L. L.
Rural Sociology
64 (1): 133-171. (Mar.
1999)
NAL Call #:
281.28-R88; ISSN: 0036-0112 [RUSCA].
Notes: Comment by E.M. DuPuis, p. 158-163; Reply by
L.L. Glenna, p. 164-171; Includes references.
Descriptors:
conservation/ environmental
legislation/ environmental protection/ erosion control/
constraints/ agricultural policy/ capitalism/ United
States
Abstract: Although the conservation title of the
1985 Food Security Act was hailed by many as revolutionary in its
attempts to control soil erosion, it has failed to live up to its
billing. A theory is used that asserts that the state's systemic
commitment to promoting capitalist growth constrains it from
establishing and implementing policies that accomplish anything
more than displacing one environmental problem onto others. The
theory is tested through a discourse analysis of the hearings
surrounding the Federal government's attempt to control soil
erosion through the 1985 Food Security Act, which revealed that
policy recommendations challenging the drive to maximize efficiency
and production were declared flawed and unacceptable. Hence, the
hearings were systematically distorted in favor of the dominant
instrumental rationality. It is concluded that government policy
initiatives alone are insufficient and that creating alternative
social organizations of production is necessary to promote
ecological well-being.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
363. Targeting and the Environmental Quality
Incentive Program.
Day, Esther
Washington, D.C.: American
Farmland Trust, 2001.
Notes: Cited (Web): 7 January 2002, 14 April
2004.
http://www.aftresearch.org/researchresource/wp/wp01-1.pdf
Descriptors:
United States---Environmental
policy/ Environment---United States
Abstract: Analyzes how well initial
allocations made under the Program addressed environmental problems
identified by the government and key stakeholders; variables
considered when distributing Program funds to states, grouped by:
soil erosion, water quality/quantity, grazing, animal waste,
wetland and wildlife issues, flooding threats, and other
categories; US.
© 2004 PAIS, published by OCLC
Public Affairs Information Service
364. Tillage and management alternatives for
returning Conservation Reserve Program land to crops.
Shapiro, C. A.; Holshouser, D. L.;
Kranz, W. L.; Shelton, D. P.; Witkowski, J. F.; Jarvi, K. J.;
Echtenkamp, G. W.; Lunz, L. A.; Frerichs, R. D.;
and Brentlinger, R. L.
Agronomy Journal
93 (4): 850-862. (July 2001-Aug. 2001)
NAL Call #:
4-AM34P; ISSN: 0002-1962 [AGJOAT]
Descriptors:
glycine max/ zea mays/ sorghum
bicolor/ crop management/ tillage/ nature conservation/ land use/
land management/ crop residues/ litter plant/ plowing/ discing/
no-tillage/ grasslands/ field experimentation/ crop yield/ crop
density/ weed control/ land banks/ Nebraska/ Iowa
Abstract: Accumulated vegetative residue was a
concern when Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land returned to
grain crop production. This study was conducted to determine the
effect of residue management, tillage, and crop choice on grain
yield in the first year of cropping on CRP land that was
predominately smooth brome (Bromis inermis Leyss). Three residue
management practices (undisturbed, shred, and remove), three
tillage systems [moldboard plow, disk, and no till], and three
crops [corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and
grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]] were used in a
factorial arrangement of a 3-yr field experiment conducted in
Nebraska on fine-silty, mixed, mesic Udic Haplustoll; fine-silty,
mixed (calcareous), mesic Typic Ustorthent; and fine-silty, mixed,
mesic Cumolic Halustoll soils. Residue management was not
significant for corn (P > F = 0.16), sorghum (P > F = 0.113),
and soybean (P > F = 0.491) although there were significant
residue x tillage interactions. Tillage system was not significant
(P > F = 0.125) for soybean yields, but plowing significantly (P
> F = 0.0001) increased both corn and sorghum yields. Mean corn
yields were 13% less for the no-till system than for the moldboard
plow system. However, no-till corn yield differences were not
significant (P > F = 0.255) when plant population (a possible
measure of planter performance) and percent green rating (a measure
of weed control) were included as covariates. Our recommendation
for the first year of grain crop production on smooth brome CRP
land is to shred the residue and plant soybean in a no-till
system.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
365. Tree planting on CRP acres in the
South.
Lentz, R. J.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 43 (1):
60-61. (1988)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
forestry / trees/ conservation/
state programs/ USDA Forest Service/ forestry
Abstract: State forestry agencies in cooperation
with U.S. Department of Agriculture agencies and other state and
local organizations were primarily responsible for reforesting
760,000 acres of non-industrial private forest lands in the
1985-1986 planting season using Forestry Incentives Program,
Agricultural Conservation Program, and state incentive program
funds.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
366. Using GIS to assess and manage the
Conservation Reserve Program in Finney County, Kansas.
Wu J; Ransom MD; Nellis MD;
Kluitenberg GJ; Seyler HL; and Rundquist BC
PE and RS: Photogrammetric
Engineering and Remote Sensing 68 (7): 735-744; 40 ref. (2002)
NAL Call #:
325.28 P56
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
367. Using the cow instead of the plow: A
management option on former CRP land in the southern Great
Plains.
Riddle, Richard R.; Donges, Randy
D.; and United States. Natural Resources Conservation
Service.
Washington, D.C.: USDA, NRCS,
Natural Resources Conservation Service; 11 p.: col. ill.
(1999)
Notes: Cover title. Shipping list no.: 2000-0043-P.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [11]). SUDOCS: A 57.2:C
83/3.
NAL Call #: aSF85.3-.R53-1999
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program---United States/ Range management Great Plains/ Grazing
Great Plains
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
368. Weed control guide for the Conservation
Reserve Program.
Kidder, D. W.
In: PNW - Pacific Northwest
Extension Publication, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho State
Universities, Cooperative Extension Service, 329; Corvallis, Or.:
Washington, Oregon, and Idaho State Universities, Cooperative
Extension Service, 1987. 8 p.
Notes: ISSN: 0887-7254
NAL Call #: 275.29-W27PN
Descriptors:
weed control/ abandoned land/
herbicide application/ herbicide recommendations
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
369. Weed control in CRP plantings.
Wrage, Leon J.
Brookings, S.D.: South Dakota
State University, College of Agriculture & Biological Sciences;
Series: FS (South Dakota State University. Cooperative Extension
Service) 525-CRP; 10, 1 p.: ill. (2000)
Notes: Sponsoring agency: Cooperative Extension
Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture; Caption title. "May 2000"--p. [11].
NAL Call #: 275.29-So85Fs-no.-525-CRP
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
370. Weed control in the Conservation Reserve
Program and newly established grasses.
Whitson, T. D. and Miller, S.
D.
In: Bulletin: Wyoming University,
Cooperative Extension Service, 442.4; Laramie, Wyo.: Wyoming
University, Cooperative Extension Service, 1989. 6 p.
Notes: In subseries: Wyoming weed control
series.
NAL Call #: 275.29-W99B
Descriptors:
grassland improvement/ erosion
control/ federal programs/ herbicides/ weed control/
Wyoming
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
371. Weed management for cover establishment
and maintenance on Conservation Reserve Program acres.
Yenish, Joe.; Stannard, Mark.; and
Washington State University. Cooperative Extension.
Pullman, Wash.: Cooperative
Extension, Washington State University; Series: Extension bulletin
(Washington State University. Cooperative Extension) 1867.
(1998)
Notes: Title from web page. "Published January 1998"
Description based on content viewed Nov. 3, 2002.
NAL Call #: 275.29-W22P-no.-1867
http://cru.cahe.wsu.edu/CEPublications/eb1867/eb1867.html
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program---United States/ Grasses---Weed control---United States/
Legumes---Weed control---United States/ Weeds---Control---United
States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
372. Weed population dynamics in land removed
from the Conservation Reserve Program.
Felix, J. and Owen, M. D.
K.
Weed Science 47 (5): 511-517. (Sept. 1999-Oct. 1999)
NAL Call #:
79.8-W41; ISSN: 0043-1745 [WEESA6]
Descriptors:
zea mays/ glycine max/ amaranthus/
andropogon gerardii/ bromus inermis/ melilotus officinalis/
population dynamics/ weeds/ field experimentation/ seasonal
variation/ herbicides/ band placement/ broadcasting/ tillage/ land
banks/ rotations/ no-tillage/ botanical composition/ crop yield/
Iowa/ amaranthus rudis
Abstract: A field study was established in southern
Iowa in 1994 to study seasonal and long-term weed population
dynamics on land being brought back into production after 8 yr as
part of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). The study was a
split-plot design with four replications; two tillage regimes, two
crop rotations, and three herbicide application methods were used.
Even though the tillage regime did not influence individual weed
population density throughout the study, the no-till (NT) regime
had more weeds compared to conventional tillage (CT). However, when
weeds were grouped into categories, tillage influenced broadleaf
weeds in 1994 and 1996 and total weeds in 1995. Plots under the NT
regime had an average of 46 broadleaf weeds m(-2) compared to 27 in
CT in 1994, with Amaranthus rudis Sauer (common waterhemp) being
the most prevalent. NT had a total of 186 weeds m(-2) compared to
125 m(-2) weeds in CT in 1995; however, in 1996, CT plots had 184
weeds m(-2) compared to 121 m(-2) in the NT regime. Except for
broadleaf weeds in 1994, crop rotation did not influence the number
of weeds, and herbicide application methods had the greatest effect
on weed populations. Overall, weed populations were greater in
1997, 1996, and 1995 than in 1994 for all herbicide application
methods. The no-herbicide treatment had the highest number of weeds
throughout the study. The total number of weeds in band and
broadcast treatments averaged 41 and 26 m(-2) in 1994; 96 and 24
m(-2) in 1995; 96 and 12 m(-2) in 1996; and 109 and 95 m(-2) in
1997. The use of broadcast herbicides in NT should be recommended
for land coming out of CRP. Regardless of the herbicide application
method or crop rotation, CT plots had. better yields for both Zea
mays L. (corn) and Glycine max L. (soybean). Glycine max had a
better stand compared to Z. mays in the first year, indicating that
a rotation starting with G. max might be preferred in the land
coming out of CRP.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
373. Weed seedbank dynamics in post
Conservation Reserve Program land.
Felix, J. and Owen, M. D.
K.
Weed Science 49 (6): 780-787. (Nov. 2001-Dec. 2001)
NAL Call #:
79.8-W41; ISSN: 0043-1745 [WEESA6]
Descriptors:
chenopodium album/ amaranthus/
weeds/ seed banks/ buried seeds/ nature reserves/ tillage/
rotations/ weed control/ species diversity/ population density/
seed output/ band placement/ broadcasting/ seasonal variation/
Iowa
Abstract: The influence of tillage, crop rotation,
and weed management regimes on the weed seedbank in land previously
under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) for 8 yr was
determined from 1994 through 1997. The study was a split-plot
design with four replications, two tillage systems, two crop
rotations, and three weed management treatments. Eleven weed
species were recorded in 1994 and 1995, and 13 in 1996 and 1997.
The weed seedbank was dominated by broadleaf species. In 1994, the
first year after CRP, the seed population density in the top 15 cm
of the soil profile was 51,480 seeds m(-2), of which 60 and 20%
were pigweed and common lambsquarters. The population density of
pigweed seeds in the seedbank increased over time and reached
51,670 seeds m(-2) in 1996. In contrast, the seed population
density for foxtail species was only 417 seeds m(-2) in 1994, but
it increased to 7,820 seeds m(-2) in 1997. The large increase in
foxtail species seed population density in the 4-yr period was
mainly in the no-herbicide weed management treatment. The weed
seedbank was reduced similarly by band and broadcast herbicide
treatments. Tillage and crop rotation did not influence the weed
seedbank or Shannon's diversity index, nor did they interact with
the weed management treatments in any of the years. The weed
seedbank population density varied with the years and time of soil
sampling. Weed seed population densities tended to be greater in
the fall but declined significantly by time of the spring sampling.
The no-herbicide treatment had a more diverse weed seedbank
compared with band and broadcast herbicide weed management
treatments. An average of one grass and three broadleaf weed
species were identified in the three weed management treatments.
Band and broadcast herbicide treatments reduced the weed seedbank
population density but did not affect the number of broadleaf weed
species observed.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
374. When CRP contracts expire: Alternative
strategies to encourage environmentally acceptable land
use.
Rietveld, W. J.
Proceedings of the Great
Plains Agricultural Council : 89-96. (1993)
NAL Call #:
282.9-G7992; ISSN: 0434-5835.
Notes: Meeting held June 2-4, 1993, Rapid City, South
Dakota.
Descriptors:
land use / contracts/ environmental
protection/ land diversion/ great plains states of USA/
Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
375. Wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
incidence and diversity in Iowa conservation reserve
environments.
Lefko, S. A.; Pedigo, L. P.; Rice,
M. E.; and Batchelor, W. D.
Environmental
Entomology 27 (2):
312-317. (Apr. 1998)
NAL Call #:
QL461.E532; ISSN: 0046-225X [EVETBX]
Descriptors:
elateridae/ insect pests/
incidence/ species diversity/ geographical distribution/ sampling/
agricultural land/ federal programs/ Iowa/ Conservation Reserve
Program
Abstract: The extended fallow period required by
Conservation Reserve Program contracts will likely heighten
farmers' concerns about pests when returning acreage to production,
particularly, wireworms (Coleoptera : Elateridae). An extensive
sampling program was conducted to estimate wireworm incidence and
subsequent pest potential of wireworms in Iowa conservation reserve
land. Eighty-nine fields were sampled during May and June of 1995
and 1996. Wireworms were recovered from approximately 45% of
conservation reserve fields. Bait sampling provided a more precise
means of detecting wireworm presence than core sampling. The
spatial distribution of wireworms in Iowa, and consequent crop
damage, probably is less restricted by environment than previously
thought. This is attributable to the relatively large species
diversity. Fourteen of the 15 elaterid species recovered have been
associated with or are considered serious pests of corn. As a
result, integrated pest management tactics, including insect pest
scouting, will likely benefit the risk-averse grower in these newly
converted lands.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
Multiple Environmental Effects
376. Agri-Environmental Policy at the
Crossroads: Guideposts on a Changing Landscape.
Claassen, R.; Hansen, L.; Peters,
M.; Breneman, V.; Weingerg, M.; Catteneo, A.; Feather, P.; Gadsby,
D.; Hellerstein, D.; Hopkins, J.; Johnston, P.; Morehart, M.; and
Smith, M. USDA, FSA; Agricultural Economic Report No. 794, 2001.
Descriptors: environmental benefits/ conservation
programs/ evaluation
http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer794/aer794.pdf
Abstract: Discussed development and
implementation of a farmer payment system based on a comprehensive
measurement of environmental benefits and tradeoffs from
agricultural practices endorsed under numerous USDA conservation
programs.
377. Agricultural Conservation: State Advisory
Committees' Views on How USDA Programs Could Better Address
Environmental Concerns.
Washington, DC: General Accounting
Office; GAO-02-295, 2002. 86 p.
Notes: PB-2002104592XSP; Report to the
Congress.
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d02295.pdf
Descriptors:
Program participation/ Surveys/
Payments/ Funding/ Benefits/ Congressional reports/ Conservation
programs/ Agricultural conservation/ Environmental concerns/
State technical committees/ State advisory committees/ United
States Department of Agriculture/ Agriculture and food/
Environmental pollution and control
Abstract: The future of USDA conservation
programs has been the subject of extensive debate within the
environmental and agricultural communities and in the Congress.
This debate has centered on increasing the environmental and
natural resource benefits resulting from the programs by allocating
more funding to them, modifying them, or creating new programs.
Pursuant to this debate, the omnibus farm bill is expected to
become law in 2002. In this context, you asked us to obtain the
views of members of state technical committees on (1) the
effectiveness of USDA's conservation efforts in addressing
environmental concerns related to agriculture and (2) any program
elements that hinder the achievement of environmental objectives
related to agriculture, as well as program characteristics that
current or new programs might include to better meet these
objectives. Also, you asked us to provide information on program
participation and the extent to which applications for program
participation exceed program funding as well as the geographic
distribution of payments for each program. This information is
provided in appendixes I and II, respectively. To provide
information on the views of members of state technical committees
for our first two objectives, we mailed a questionnaire to all NRCS
state conservationists and a sample of 1,470 committee members and
received 996 responses. We drew the sample from the 2,124 state
technical committee members in all 50 states and two territories.
The sample was stratified by geographic region and the
organizations the members represent, and the overall survey results
are generalizable to the entire population. All percentage
estimates from the survey have sampling errors of plus or minus 7
percentage points or less, unless otherwise noted. The survey
solicited views on the effectiveness of CRP General Enrollment, CRP
Continuous Enrollment, CREP, Wetlands Reserve Program,
Environmental Quality Incentives Program, Wildlife Habitat
Incentives Program, and Farmland Protection Program. For CREP and
the Farmland Protection Program, which are relatively new programs,
our results include only those states where the programs were
implemented at the time of our survey.
378. Agricultural Conservation: Survey of USDA
State Technical Committee Members.
Washington, DC: General Accounting
Office; GAO02371SP, 2002. 228 p.
Notes: ADA400304XSP
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d02371sp.pdf
Descriptors:
United States government/ Natural
resources/ Surveys/ Conservation/ Environmental protection/ Water
quality/ Habitats/ Wildlife/ Payment/ Environmental management/
Agriculture/ USDA/ GAO reports/ Agriculture and food/ Agricultural
economics/ Natural resources and earth sciences/ Natural resource
management
Abstract: Farmers, ranchers, and private
forest landowners own and manage more than two-thirds of the
continental United States 1.9 billion acres and thus are the
primary stewards of our soil, water, and wildlife habitat. Because
of this important responsibility, how private land is used is
increasingly being recognized as vital to the protection of the
nation's environment and natural resources. For example, state
water quality agencies report that agricultural production is a
leading contributor to impaired water quality; similarly, habitat
loss associated with agriculture has been a factor in the declining
populations of many wildlife species, including many threatened or
endangered native species. In recognition of the critical role
played by private landowners, the Congress directed the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA) to implement the numerous programs
aimed at improving the stewardship practices on these lands. USDA
currently has over 70 million acres of privately owned land
enrolled in programs that offer landowners financial incentives to
implement conservation practices to protect or improve soil and
water quality and wildlife habitat. USDA's conservation efforts are
intended to address specific environmental concerns, target funding
toward state and local environmental priority areas, and include
partnerships with state or local entities to leverage limited
funding. USDA's Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), the federal
government's largest single conservation program, has an enrollment
of almost 34 million acres and makes annual payments of about $1.5
billion on these acres.
379. The American Conservation Reserve
Programme: The chance to reward farmers for services to the
environment?
Mello I; Heissenhuber A; and
Kantelhardt J
Berichte uber
Landwirtschaft 80 (1):
85-93; 9 ref. (2002)
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
380. Assessing the effectiveness of technical
assistance for soil conservation practices.
Esseks, J Dixon and Kraft, Steven
E
Policy Studies
Review 6: 245-259.
(1986);
ISSN: 0278-4416
Descriptors:
Soil conservation/ Agricultural
extension/ Government agencies Evaluation/ United States Soil
conservation service
Abstract: Conservation Technical Assistance program
of the Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture;
based on conference paper. Based on 1982 data from both recipients
and nonrecipients of the program at six diverse sites.
© 2004 PAIS, published by OCLC
Public Affairs Information Service
381. Benefit cost analysis of the 2002 EQIP
Farm Bill provisions.
Atwood, J.; Knight, L.; Cattaneo,
A.; and Smith, P.
Selected papers from the
annual meeting of the American Agricultural Economics
Association .
(2003)
NAL Call #:
HD1405 .A44.
Notes: Supplemental online access through http://agecon.lib.umn.edu.
Descriptors:
Farm Bill/ cost benefit analysis/
environmental quality/ environmental policy/ United States/
environmental quality incentives program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
382. Budgetary and farm-sector impacts of the
1985-1990 Conservation Reserve Program.
Barbarika, A. Jr. and Langley,
J.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 47
(3): 264-267. (May 1992-June
1992)
NAL Call #:
56.8-J822; ISSN: 0022-4561 [JSWCA3]
Descriptors:
agricultural economics/ federal
programs/ computer simulation/ simulation models/ commodity
markets/ maize/ wheat/ soybeans/ cotton/ economic impact/ farm
sector/ farm income/ market prices/ agricultural prices/ cost
analysis/ budgets/ public expenditure/ subsidies/ price support/
public loans/ acreage/ conversion/ soil conservation/ erosion
control/ USDA/ acreage reduction/ commodity programs
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
383. Cattle and forages can play a vital role
in sustainable agriculture.
Gustafson, Ronald A
Food Review 14: 2-5. (1991); ISSN: 1056-327X
Descriptors:
Livestock industry---United States/
Soil conservation---United States/ Grazing lands---
United States/ United
States---Agricultural policy/ Agriculture---Environmental aspects/
Forage plants---United States
Abstract: Achievements of U.S. Conservation Reserve
Program in expanding forage production and rejuvenating cropland
pasture.
© 2004 PAIS, published by OCLC
Public Affairs Information Service
384. Changes in pesticide leaching potential
between 1982 and 1992: A national perspective.
Kellogg, R. L. and Wallace,
S.
In: Clean water, clean
environment: 21st century team agriculture: Working to protect
water resources conference proceedings. (Held 5 Mar 1995-8 Mar 1995 at Kansas City,
Missouri.)
St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE;
1995.
NAL Call #: TD365.C54-1995; ISBN: 0929355601
Descriptors:
pesticides/ leaching/ risk/ losses
from soil/ surveys/ arable land/ arable soils/ land diversion/
application rates/ rain/ geographical information systems/ United
States/ pesticide leaching index/ Conservation Reserve
Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
385. Characteristics of recently restored
wetlands in the prairie pothole region.
Galatowitsch, S. M. and Van
Der Valk, A. G.
Wetlands 16 (1): 75-83. (1996)
NAL Call #:
QH75.A1W47; ISSN: 0277-5212
Descriptors:
wetlands / vegetation/ hydrology/
land reclamation/ hydrological regime/ aquatic plants/ United
States, Iowa/ United States, Minnesota/ United States, South
Dakota/ community composition/ environment management/ ecosystem
management/ plant populations/ reclamation/ nature conservation/
environmental restoration/ Water and plants/ Protective measures
and control/ Reclamation
Abstract: Between 1987 and 1991, 1892 prairie
potholes were restored in northern Iowa, southern Minnesota, and
southeastern South Dakota by state and federal agencies, most as
part of the Conservation Reserve Program. The total area covered by
these restored wetlands is approximately 2714 ha. Most restorations
are small (less than 4 ha) wetlands with a seasonal hydrologic
regime. Wetlands with an ephemeral/temporary water regime are
under-represented compared to their pre-drainage extent.
Information on basin morphometry, hydrology, and vegetation-zone
development was collected on 62 wetlands restored in 1988. Earthen
dams are installed on most (73%) restorations in the region,
increasing the full pool volume but not the mean depth of the
basin. Overall, restored wetlands have basin morphometries that are
comparable to those of similarly sized natural wetlands. About 60%
of the basins had their predicted hydrology or held water longer
than predicted. Nevertheless, about 20% of the projects that we
examined were hydrologic failures and either never flooded or had
significant structural problems. Most restored wetlands had
developed emergent and submersed aquatic vegetation zones, but only
a few had developed wet prairie and sedge meadow vegetation
zones.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
386. Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program:
Early results from a federal-state partnership.
Smith, M. E. [Also available as:
Agricultural Outlook 277: 16-20 (Dec 2000).], 2000.
Notes: CODEN: AGOUD7; ISSN: 0099-1066
(application/pdf)
NAL Call #: aHD1751.A42
http://jan.mannlib.cornell.edu/reports/erssor/economics/ao-bb/2000/ao277.pdf
Descriptors:
federal programs/ state government/
USDA/ incentives/ land diversion/ United States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
387. Conservation Reserve Program: Alternatives
are available for managing environmentally sensitive
cropland.
General Accounting
Office
Washington, DC: GAO, 1995.
Notes: GAO/RCED-95-42
http://www.gao.gov/archive/1995/rc95042.pdf
Descriptors:
cultivated lands/ land management/
agriculture/ land use/ water quality/ Watershed
protection
Abstract: If not properly managed,
agricultural production on the nation's 382 million cropland acres
can adversely affect the quality of water and air, the productivity
of soil, and the availability of wildlife habitat. In an effort to
reduce these effects by temporarily removing highly erodible
cropland from production, the Congress enacted the Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) in 1985. The CRP was also designed to reduce
surplus crop production and support farm income. Under the CRP, the
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) contracted with farmers to
take 36.4 million acres out of production for 10 years in return
for rental and cost-share payments of almost $20 billion through
the year 2002. These contracts will begin to expire in 1995, with
the contracts for the majority of acres-22 million-expiring in 1996
and 1997.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
388. Conservation Reserve Program: An Economic
Assessment.
Young, C. E. and Osborn, C.
T.
Washington, DC: Economic Research
Service; ERSAER626XSP, 1990. 37 p.
Notes: Agricultural economic rept. 626; Replaces
PB90-183179.
Descriptors:
Farms/ Income/ Food/ Prices/ Soil
erosion/ Water quality/ Evaluation/ Conservation/ Agricultural
economics/ Natural resources management/ Costs/ Programs/
Environment management/ Agriculture and food/ Agricultural
economics/ Natural resources and earth sciences/ Natural resource
management/ Soil sciences
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) will boost net farm income and improve environmental quality
substantially over the life of the program (1986-99). These gains
will come at the cost of somewhat higher food prices and Government
administrative expenses, and potential downturns in farm input
industries and other local economic activity tied to farming where
enrollment is heavy. Net economic benefits of the program range
between $3.4 billion and $11.0 billion in present value, according
to estimates derived in the report. The report also looks behind
the bottom-line estimate to determine how well the CRP does in
reaching each of its multiple goals, which are to reduce soil
erosion, protect the Nation's long-term capability to produce food
and fiber, reduce sedimentation, improve water quality, create
better habitat for fish and wildlife, curb production of surplus
commodities, and provide income support to farmers.
389. The Conservation Reserve Program: Changes
on the Horizon.
Monson, M. and Cassidy,
D.
In: North Central Extension
Industry Soil Fertility Conference.; 1996.
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
United States
Abstract: Demonstrated that most of the
environmental benefits anticipated to be lost upon contract
expiration were retained through continuous signup.
390. Conservation Reserve Program (Chapter
6).
United States Department of
Agriculture, Economic Research Service ERS
In: Agricultural Resources and
Environmental Indicators, 1996-97: Agricultural Handbook, No. 712;
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research
Service, 1997.
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program
Abstract: Detailed description of the history
of the CRP, development of the EBI, and accomplishments to
date.
391. The Conservation Reserve Program: Effects
on soil, water and environmental quality.
Blackburn, W. H.; Newman, J. B.;
and Wood, J. C.
In: General Technical Report
RM.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1991; pp.
27-36.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
soil conservation/ erosion control/
federal programs/ reserved areas/ simulation models/ percolation/
evapotranspiration/ water erosion / runoff/ United States/ Wind
Erosion Equation / WEE/ Water Erosion Prediction Project/
WEPP
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
392. Conservation Reserve Program:
Environmental risk assessment.
United States. Dept. of
Agriculture.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of
Agriculture;
2, 127 leaves: ill., maps.
(1997)
Notes: Cover title. "February 1997" Includes
bibliographical references (leaves 117-127).
NAL Call #: aS930.C662-1997
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program---United States/ Conservation of natural resources---United
States/ Environmental risk assessment---United States/ risk
assessment
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
393. Conservation Reserve Program may be good
for the environment, farms, and rural communities.
Siegel, P. B. and Johnson, T.
G.
Rural Development
Perspectives 8 (3): 25-31.
(1992)
NAL Call #:
aHN90.C6R78; ISSN: 0271-2172
Descriptors:
federal programs/ environmental
impact/ farms/ rural communities/ conservation/ United
States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
394. Conservation Reserve Program sign-up 20:
Environmental benefits index.
United States. Farm Service
Agency.
Washington, D.C.: USDA, Farm
Service Agency; Series: Fact sheet (United States. Farm Service
Agency). (1999)
Notes: Title from caption. "September
1999."
NAL Call #: aS930-.C658-1999
http://www.fsa.usda.gov/pas/publications/facts/ebiold.pdf
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program---United States/ Conservation of natural resources---United
States/ Wildlife habitat improvement---United States/ Water quality
management---Economic aspects---United States/
Agriculture---Economic aspects---United States
Abstract: The Environmental Benefits Index
(EBI) is used to evaluate and rank land offered for enrollment in
the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) during a general signup.
Scores are based on the expected environmental benefits to soil
resources, water quality, wildlife habitat, and other resource
concerns during the time the land is to be enrolled in the program.
Each offer submitted is assigned a point score based on its
relative environmental benefits. Each offer is compared nationally
with all other offers at the end of the sign-up. Offers are
determined acceptable or rejected based on the ranking results.
[Document overview]
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
395. The Conservation Reserve Program: Status,
Future, and Policy Options.
Osborn, T.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 48
(4): 271-278. (1993)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822 [JSWCA3]
Descriptors:
Agriculture/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ Economic aspects/ Environmental protection/ Erosion
control/ Federal jurisdiction/ Regulations/ Soil conservation/
Contracts/ Costs/ Soil erosion/ Water quality/ Water law and
institutions/ Watershed protection
Abstract: After Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
contracts expire, annual rental payments made by USDA to CRP
participants will end and producers will decide the next use of
their land. Most CRP acres will either be planted to crops,
depending largely on commodity market conditions, placed in annual
acreage set-asides, kept in grass for livestock production, or left
idle. Land first placed in the CRP will be available for crop
production or other uses starting in late 1995. The expiration of
CRP contracts raises concerns over the extent of conservation,
wildlife and environmental reversals that will occur, particularly
if commodity markets are favorable in 1996 and 1997. While the
conservation compliance provision of farm legislation will not
prevent much CRP land from returning to production, it will
moderate increases in soil erosion and onsite productivity losses
on most CRP land that is recropped. However, the effectiveness of
conservation compliance in protecting water quality is unclear, and
it will do little to maintain wildlife habitat benefits currently
provided by CRP. Keeping all CRP land under contract currently
costs nearly two billion dollars each year. Adoption of something
similar to the bid acceptance procedure used for the post-1990 CRP
signups offers promise for targeting CRP land under whatever
post-contract program Congress might enact.
(Brunone-PTT)
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
396. Conservation Reserve: Yesterday, Today and
Tomorrow, Symposium Proceedings.
Joyce, L. A.; Mitchell, J. E.; and
Skold, M. D.
Fort Collins, CO: Rocky Mountain
Forest and Range Experiment Station; Series: Forest Service general
technical rept. 203; 71 p. (1991)
Notes: Meeting held January 14, 1991 at Washington,
DC; FSGTRRM203; PB91208413XSP
Descriptors:
Agriculture/ Future planning
Projected/ Land use/ Environmental effects/ Decision making/
Implementation/ Economic impacts/ Reserves/ Farm management/
Contracts/ Land ownership/ History/ Wildlife/ Recreation/ Ecology/
Crop yields/ Meetings/ Land conservation/ Resource conservation/
Agricultural Resources Conservation Program/ Food Security Act of
1985 / Farm Bill of 1990/ Conservation Reserve Program/ Great
Plains Region United States/ Natural resources and earth sciences/
Natural resource management/ Agriculture and food/ Agricultural
equipment facilities and operations/ Urban and regional technology
and development/ Regional administration and planning
Abstract: Contents: The Conservation Reserve
Program--How Did We Get Where We Are and Where Do We Go From Here;
An Overview of the Agricultural Resources Conservation Program;
Economics of Livestock and Crop Production on Post-CRP Lands;
Landowner Options When CRP Ends; The Conservation Reserve Program:
Effects on Soil, Water and Environmental Quality; Conservation
Reserve Program Effects on Wildlife and Recreation; Future Costs
and Benefits of Conservation Reserve Lands; Impacts of the
Conservation Reserve Program in the Central Great Plains; Research
Questions Related to the Conservation Reserve Program; Some
Sociological and Ecological Effects of the Conservation Reserve
Program in the Northern Great Plains; The CRP in Oregon's Columbia
Basin: A Local Perspective.
397. Conservation title impacts on the Great
Plains.
Dicks, M.; Ray, D.; and Sanders,
L. D.
Current Farm Economics
(Agricultural Experiment Station, Division of Agriculture, Oklahoma
State University) 63 (1):
21-33. (Mar. 1990)
NAL Call #:
HD1775.O5C87; ISSN: 0030-1701
Descriptors:
soil conservation/
legislation/
United States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
398. Conversion of Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) grassland for dryland crops in a semiarid region.
Unger, P. W.
Agronomy Journal
91 (5): 753-760.
(Sept. 1999-Oct. 1999)
NAL Call #:
4-AM34P; ISSN: 0002-1962 [AGJOAT]
Descriptors:
sorghum bicolor/ triticum aestivum/
grasslands/ agricultural land/ tillage/ conservation tillage/
no-tillage/ plowing/ prescribed burning/ vegetation/ ammonium
nitrate/ application rates/ soil water content/ drought/ crop
yield/ water stress/ land banks/ Texas
Abstract: Information was needed regarding
practices suitable for returning grassland to cropland when
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) contracts expired. A study on
Pullman soil (Torrertic Paleustoll) involved seven tillage
treatments (no-tillage and reduced, sweep, disk, moldboard plus
disk, burn-sweep, and burn-disk tillage) with vegetation retained
and the five non-burn tillage treatments with vegetation removed
before treatment. Fertilizer (NH(4)NO(3)) was applied at 0, 34, and
67 kg N ha(-1) in 1995 and at 0, 67, and 134 kg N ha(-1) in 1996
and 1997. Initial soil water contents were low, and soil never was
filled with water at planting time. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)
Moench] yielded < or = 720 kg ha(-1) in 1995, and the 1995-1996
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop failed. Sorghum was not planted
in 1996 because of a drought. Sorghum yielded 2260 to 4700 kg
ha(-1) in 1997. Wheat yielded 1410 to 1980 kg ha(-1) in 1996-1997.
Vegetation retention or removal affected yields slightly.
Fertilization affected sorghum yields slightly and increased wheat
yields. Vegetation control was difficult with no-tillage. Disk
tillage to dislodge grass, followed by reduced or no-tillage,
appears best for converting CRP grassland to cropland in this
semiarid region. Because of low initial soil water contents, a 90-d
period is inadequate for obtaining adequate soil water storage
unless precipitation is much above normal. Forgoing planting a crop
soon after killing the vegetation when precipitation is low would
provide more time for storing soil water and increase the potential
for obtaining favorable yields.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
399. Costs and Benefits of the Conservation
Reserve Program.
Young, C. E. and Osborn, C.
T.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 45
(3): 370-373. (1990)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822 [JSWCA3]
Descriptors:
Cost benefit analysis/ Cropland/
Economic aspects/ Erosion control/ Land use/ Soil conservation/
Administration/ Administrative agencies/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ Cultivated lands/ Federal jurisdiction/ Soil
erosion/
Watershed protection
Abstract: The economic efficiency of the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) was evaluated. The CRP is a
voluntary, long-term cropland retirement program with a targeted
enrollment of 40-45 million acres. In exchange for retiring
cropland with highly erodible soils or other environmentally
sensitive land for 10 years, the U.S. Department of Agriculture
pays CRP participants (farm owners or operators) an annual per-acre
rent and one-half the cost of establishing a permanent land cover.
The CRP's primary goal is to reduce soil erosion on highly erodible
cropland. Primary effects of the CRP are the following: changes in
farm income; timber production; consumer costs; soil productivity;
surface water quality, including filter strips; wildlife habitat;
wind erosion; administrative costs; cost-sharing of vegetative
cover; and technical assistance costs. CRP impacts were uniformly
compared to a baseline situation characterized by the absence of
CRP. Based upon estimates of the primary effects, the present value
of net benefits for a 45 million acre CRP could range from $3.4 to
$11.0 billion. (MacKeen-PTT)
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
400. The CRP balancing act: Trading off costs
and multiple environmental benefits.
Cattaneo, A.; Bucholtz, S.;
Dewbre, J.; and Nickerson, C.
Selected papers from the
annual meeting of the American Agricultural Economics
Association .
(2002)
NAL Call #:
HD1405-.A44.
Notes: Supplemental online access through http://agecon.lib.umn.edu. Meeting held July 28-31, 2002 in
Long Beach, California. Includes references.
Descriptors:
erosion control/ land diversion/
federal programs/ cost benefit analysis/ indexes/ environmental
protection/ Monte Carlo method/ United States/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ environmental benefits index
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
401. CRP & Landscape Structure in
IL.
Weber, W.
In: 62nd Midwest Fish and Wildlife
Conference.
(Held 3 Dec 2000-6 Dec 2000 at
Minneapolis, MN (USA).); 2000.
Notes: Paper No. 118; Conference Sponsor:
NCD-AFS; World Meeting Number 000
5249
Descriptors:
Aquatic Science/ Biology/
Environmental Science
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
402. Ecological benefits of the Conservation
Reserve Program.
Dunn, C. P.; Stearns, R.;
Guntenspergen, G. R.; and Sharpe, D. M.
Conservation Biology
7 (1): 132-139. (1993)
NAL Call #:
QH75.A1C5; ISSN: 0888-8892
Descriptors:
soil conservation/ government
policy/ enhancement/ biological diversity/ wildlife/ ecosystem
stability/ Conservation
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program was
initiated in 1985 to reduce soil loss on highly erodible
agricultural land. This stated objective of the program has been
quite successful. However, there are other unintentional yet
significant ecological benefits to the program that merit
evaluation. These benefits include the reversal of landscape
fragmentation, maintenance of regional biodiversity, creation of
wildlife habitat, and favorable changes in regional carbon flux.
These and other benefits should be used by policy makers and
federal officials to maintain the program even after enrollment
expectations have been achieved.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
403. Economic and ecological aspects of State
land conservation policy in the USA.
Samoylov D
Mezhdunarodnyi
Sel'skokhozyaistvennyi Zhurnal 4: 3-6. (1998)
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
404. Economic and Environmental Implications of
Expiring Conservation Reserve Program Contracts.
Diebel, P. L.; Janssen, L. L.; and
Smith, K.; NC-214 Committee Final Report, 1997.
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
United States/ State conservation programs/ North
Carolina
Abstract: Discussed policy implications of a
new 1996 farm bill, using state level studies of environmental
benefits and a demographic analysis of enrollees.
405. Economic Valuation of Environmental
Benefits and the Targeting of Conservation Programs: The Case of
the CRP.
Feather, P.; Hellerstein, D.; and
Hansen, L.
Washington, DC: Economic Research
Service, Resource Economics Div.; ERS AER778, 1999. 64
p.
Notes: Agriculture economic rept. 778
http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer778/
Descriptors:
Habitats / Wildlife/ Soil erosion/
Erosion control/ Preservation/ Recreation/ Hunting/ Ecosystems/
Value/ Cost benefit analysis/ Alternatives/ Program administration/
U.S. Department of Agriculture/ Environmental quality / Natural
resource conservation/ Environmental Benefits Index/ CRP/
Conservation Reserve Program/ Valuation/ Natural resources and
earth sciences/ Natural resource management/ Medicine and
biology/ Ecology/ Agriculture and food/ Business and economics
Abstract: As the largest program designed to
mitigate the negative environmental effects of agriculture, the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has broadened its initial focus
on reductions in soil erosion to consider other landscape factors
that may also be beneficial. For example, preserving habitats can
help protect wildlife, thus leading to more nature-viewing
opportunities. This report demonstrates how nonmarket valuation
models can be used in targeting conservation programs such as the
CRP.
406. Effects of soil and agricultural chemicals
management on farm returns and ground water qualtiy.
Setia, P. and Piper, S.
Review of Agricultural
Economics 14 (1):
65-80. (Jan. 1992)
NAL Call #:
HD1773.A3N6; ISSN: 0191-9016
Descriptors:
maize/ soybeans/ pesticides/
agricultural chemicals/ soil management/ groundwater/ water
quality/ leaching/ returns/ tillage/ federal programs/
conservation/ Corn Belt of USA/ Conservation Reserve Program/
conservation compliance program
Abstract: Economic and physical simulation models
were utilized to evaluate the effect of alternative soil and
agricultural chemical management systems, implemented under the
Conservation Reserve and Conservation Compliance Programs, on
pesticides' leaching, and returns to fixed farm resources. Findings
of the study show that the selection of appropriate soil and
chemical systems may not only increase farm returns but may also
result in a significant reduction in leaching and hence ground
water degradation.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
407. Enhancing CRP values.
Hawn, T. and Getman, M.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 47
(2): 134-135. (1992)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
erosion control/ land resources/
resource management/ wildlife/ habitats/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ agricultural economics (general)/ land development, land
reform, and utilization (macroeconomics)/ natural
resources
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
408. Environmental conservation strategies:
What works and what might work better.
Lovejoy, S. B.
In: Flexible incentives for the
adoption of environmental technologies in agriculture/ Casey, F.;
Schmitz, A.; Swinton, S.; and Zilberman, D. Norwell, Mass.: Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 1999; pp. 43-54.
Notes: ISBN: 0-7923-8559-4
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
409. Environmental indices and the politics of
the Conservation Reserve Program.
Ribaudo, M. O.; Hoag, D. L.;
Smith, M. E.; and Heimlich, R.
Ecological
Indicators 1 (1): 11-20.
(Aug. 2001);
ISSN: 1470-160X
Descriptors:
Environment management/
Agricultural land/ Soil erosion/ Environmental monitoring/
Conservation/ Indicators/ Agriculture/ Management/ Enviromental
& Natural Resource Development
Abstract: Environmental indicators can be used to
target public programs to provide a variety of benefits. Social
scientists, physical scientists, and politicians have roles in
developing indicators that reflect the demands of diverse interest
groups. We review the US Department of Agriculture's Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP), the largest agricultural conservation
program of the United States, to determine how a set of
environmental indicators were developed and used, and assess
results of their application. The use of such indicators has helped
the CRP increase and broaden the program's environmental benefits
beyond erosion reduction, which was the primary focus of early
program efforts, to meet other demands. This case study provides an
example about how integration and assessment for the purpose of
managing public resources requires more than natural science
disciplines. Social science can help explain how public values
influence what information is collected and how it is interpreted.
Examples are given to show how the indices used for the CRP
integrated science, politics and social values. In the end, the
environmental benefits index (EBI) used to target US$ 20 billion of
CRP funds reflects compromises made between science and policy
considerations. It is our intention that studying this index will
yield ideas and understanding from the natural science community
that develops ecosystem indices about how to better plug in to
programs in the future.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
410. Erodibility, ownership, and
infrastructure: The Conservation Reserve Program as a planning
tool.
Willette, A. M.; Weisman, B.;
Kramer, J. L.; Sweson, C. J.; Fonkert, J.; Baker, B. D.; and
Gersmehl, P. J.
In: 1992 International Winter
Meeting sponsored by the American Society of Agricultural
Engineers.
(Held 15 Dec 1992-18 Dec 1992 at
Nashville, Tennessee.)
St. Joseph, Mich.: American
Society of Agricultural Engineers; 8 p.; 1992.
Notes: Paper numbers: 92-2502/92-2520; ISSN: 0149-9890
NAL Call #: 290.9-Am32P
Descriptors:
soil conservation/ erosion/
environmental management
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
411. Erodible land and state water quality
programs: A linkage.
Ogg, C. W.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 41
(6): 371-373. ill., maps. (Nov.
1986-Dec. 1986)
NAL Call #:
56.8-J822; ISSN: 0022-4561 [JSWCA3]
Descriptors:
soil and water conservation/
erosion/ erosion control/ water composition and quality/ pollution
by agriculture/ reserves/ state government/ United States/
Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
412. Evaluating the sustainability of
alternative farming systems: A case study.
Ikerd, J.; Devino, G.; and
Traiyongwanich, S.
American Journal of
Alternative Agriculture 11 (1): 25-29. ( 1996)
NAL Call #:
S605.5.A43; ISSN: 0889-1893 [AJAAEZ]
Descriptors:
alternative farming/ farming
systems/ sustainability/ assessment/ environmental impact/ economic
impact/ social impact/ federal programs/ case studies/ Missouri/
Conservation Reserve Program/ alternative versus conventional
farming systems
Abstract: The sustainability of farming systems
must be assessed by their potential environmental, economic, and
social performance. We present a case study to illustrate an
assessment of relative sustainability that uses all three
performance criteria. We developed two scenarios for farmland
currently enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in
Putnam County, Missouri: a conventional scenario reflecting farming
practices typical of northern Missouri, and an alternative that we
hypothesize to be more environmentally sound. We used selected
economic and social indicators to assess whether the latter would
be at least as economically viable and socially responsible as the
conventional system. Estimated direct farm income was $3.4 million
for the alternative and $2.4 million for the conventional scenario.
The alternative system applies more labor and management to a given
land resource and may support more farming families. Estimated
total community economic impacts were 25% greater for the
alternative than the conventional farming scenario. CRP land,
therefore, could be resumed to production in a way that could
significantly enhance local economic and social benefits while
retaining many of the CRP's environmental benefits.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
413. Expanding the conservation reserve to
achieve multiple environmental goals.
Ogg, C. W.; Hostetler, J. E.; and
Lee, D. J.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 43 (1):
78-81 . (1988)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
conservation/ soils/ environmental
management/ ecology/ Food Security Act 1985/ Standards, laws,
regulations and policy
Abstract: The 1985 Food Security Act (P.L. 99-198)
authorizes the largest Conservation Reserve Program in history.
Although this act emphasizes the need to alleviate huge surpluses
of federally stored grain and reduce financial distress among
farmers, it designates only certain highly erodible acres or other
acres that "pose an off-farm environmental threat" for CRP
eligibility. The program has the potential to both conserve soil
and reduce crop surpluses by idling within the next five years as
many acres as last year's unusually large farm program acreage
set-aside.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
414. Exploring methods of selecting cropland
for conservation.
Feather, P.; Hellerstein, D.; and
Hansen, L.
Agricultural Outlook
(AO) (No.
AO-254): 21-24. (1998)
NAL Call #:
aHD1751.A422
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
415. Farms and wetlands benefit from farm bill
conservation measures.
Pederson, Roger L
National Wetlands
Newsletter 23 (3): 9-12.
(2001); ISSN:
0164-0712
Descriptors:
Wetlands---Conservation---Legislation/
Environmental law---United States/ United States---Environmental
policy---Legislation/ Farms---Environmental aspects/
Agriculture---Environmental aspects/ Nature conservation---United
States---Legislation
Abstract: Discusses wetland conservation, focusing
on three federal programs: Wetlands Reserve Program, Conservation
Reserve Program, and Wetland Conservation Restrictions of the Food
Security Act of 1985, known as "Swampbuster"; policy options;
US.
© 2004 PAIS, published by OCLC
Public Affairs Information Service
416. Final Programmatic Environmental Impact
Statement for the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP).
Farm Service Agency,
U. S. Department of
Agriculture
Washington, D.C.:
U.S. Department of Agriculture,
2003.
Notes: Contains Appendix D, Literature Review and
Research Recommendations for the Conservation Reserve Program,
which "documents a preliminary review of available scientific
studies on the efficacy and benefits of the Conservation Reserve
Program."
http://www.fsa.usda.gov/dafp/cepd/epb/impact.htm
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
environmental impact statements/ natural resource management/
wildlife conservation/ wildlife management/ wildlife
habitats
417. Financial and economic analysis of CRP,
row crop, and white pine production on erodible lands of southern
Ohio.
Shakya, B. S. and Hitzhusen, F.
J.
In: ESO: Economics and sociology
occasional paper; Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, Dept. of
Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, 1992. 14 p.
NAL Call #: HD1411.O3
Descriptors:
erosion/ pinus/ economic analysis/
federal programs/ marginal land/ mathematical models/ finance/
Ohio/ Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
418. First principles: The definition of highly
erodible land and tolerable soil loss.
Benbrook, C. M.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 43 (1):
35-38. (1988)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
land resources/ erosion/
water quality/ resource management/ conservation/ basic
approaches, concepts, and theory
Abstract: There is much to celebrate, The
Conservation Title of the farm bill is widely acclaimed as an
historic breakthrough. The Conservation Reserve Program has already
attracted 23 million acres into stable land uses, accounting for
the most dramatic and rapid reduction in soil erosion ever achieved
by government action in this country.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
419. Food Security Act of 1985: Impact on
resource management and utilization.
Teels, B. M.
In: Conference proceedings Income
Opportunities for the Private Landowner Through Management of
Natural Resources and Recreational Access. (Held 9 Apr 1989-12 Apr 1989 at Wheeling,
W.Va.)
Grafton, William N.
(eds.)
Morgantown, W.Va.: West Virginia
University Extension Service; pp. 38-45; 1990.
NAL Call #: GV191.6.I52-1989
Descriptors:
wildlife / wetlands/ habitats/
erosion/ soil conservation/ legislation/ federal programs/
environmental protection/ economic impact/ recreation / income/
resource management/ resource utilization/ USDA/ land diversion/
United States/ Conservation Reserve Program/
Swampbuster/ Sodbuster
This citation is from AGRICOLA.
420. The Food Security Act of 1985: The
Conservation Title and its impact on the South.
Batie, S. S.
SRDC Series - Southern
Rural Development Center (86): 67-73. (Oct. 1986)
NAL Call #:
HT401.S72.
Notes: Paper presented at a Regional Workshop on: "The
Food Security Act of 1985--Impact for Extension Farm Management,
Marketing, and Policy Programs in the South," April 8-9, 1986,
Knoxville, Tennessee.
Descriptors:
land use / wetlands/ erosion/ soil
conservation/ legislation/ public opinion/ economic impact/ south
eastern states of USA/ south central states of USA
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
421. From Microlevel Decisions to Landscape
Changes: An Assessment of Agricultural Conservation
Policies.
Wu, J. J.; Adams, R. M.; Kling, C.
L.; and
Tanaka, K.
American Journal of
Agricultural Economics 86 (1): 26-41. (2004); ISSN: 0002-9092
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
422. From the field: What farmers have to say
about Vermont's Farmland Conservation Program.
Ferguson, Kirsten. and Cosgrove,
Jeremiah.: Saratoga Springs, NY: American Farmland Trust, c2000.;
40 p.: ill., maps; 28 cm. (2000)
NAL Call #: S604.62.V5 F47 2000
http://www.farmlandinfo.org/documents/29389/From_The_Field.pdf
Descriptors:
Vermont Farmland Conservation
Program/ Agricultural conservation---Vermont/
Farms---Vermont
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
423. Grazing and haying effects on runoff and
erosion from a former Conservation Reserve Program site.
Gilley, J. E.; Patton, B. D.;
Nyren, P. E.; and Simanton, J. R.
Applied Engineering in
Agriculture 12 (6): 681-684.
(Nov. 1996)
NAL Call #:
S671.A66; ISSN: 0883-8542
Descriptors:
agricultural land/ land management/
federal programs/ land use/ change/ soil conservation/ grassland
management/ grazing/ rotational grazing/ haymaking/ prescribed
burning/ runoff/ water erosion/ sediment/ losses from soil/ canopy/
vegetation/ coverage/ surface roughness/ bulk density/ soil
compaction/ North Dakota/ season long grazing
Abstract: Grazing and haying effects on runoff and
erosion from a former Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) site near
Streeter, North Dakota, were determined. Treatments included
undisturbed CRP, twice-over rotational grazing, season-long
grazing, haying, and burning. Runoff and erosion were measured from
simulated rainfall which was applied to 3.7 X 10.7 m (12.0 X 35.1
ft) plots. Following an initial stabilization period, no
significant difference in runoff or erosion was found between the
season-long grazing and burned treatments. Use of the CRP site for
grazing or haying resulted in a significant increase in runoff
compared to leaving the area in an undisturbed condition. Similar
amounts of erosion were measured from the twice-over rotational
grazing, season-long grazing, and hayed treatments. If adequate
canopy and basal cover is maintained, use of this CRP site for
grazing or haying would not be expected to result in excessive
erosion.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
424. The Great Plains: America's best chance
for ecosystem restoration, part 1.
Licht, Daniel S.
Wild Earth 4 (2): 47-53. (1994); ISSN: 1055-1166
Descriptors:
Canis latrans/ Mephitis/ Microtus
pennsylvanicus/ Procyon lotor/ Vulpes vulpes/ Ciconiiformes/
Fringillidae/ Passeriformes/ Scolopacidae/ Ammodramus bairdii/
Bartramia longicauda/ Catoptrophorus semipalmatus/ Gallinago
gallinago/ Limosa fedoa/ Molothrus ater / Phalaropus tricolor/
agricultural practices/ birds/ Conservation Reserve Program/
ecosystem management/ ecosystems/ farmland/ grasslands/ habitat
alterations/ land, private/ mammals/ management/ restoration/
coyote/ red fox/ raccoon/ skunk/ meadow vole/ Baird's sparrow/
brown headed cowbird/ marbled godwit/ upland sandpiper/ common
snipe/ Wilson's phalarope/ willet/ North America: Great
Plains
Abstract: The author discusses the Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) in the United States and its effect on Great
Plains wildlife and ecosystems. Although a large number of acres
are temporarily taken out of agricultural use under the CRP
program, the individual tracts are small. Very often, farmers plant
exotic grasses on the CRP tracts instead of native ones that would
support native wildlife species.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
425. Haying, tillage, and nitrogen
fertilization influences on infiltration rates at a Conservation
Reserve Program site.
Wienhold, B. J. and Tanaka, D.
L.
Soil Science Society of
America Journal 64
(1): 379-381. (2000)
NAL Call #:
56.9-So3; ISSN: 0361-5995 [SSSJD4]
Descriptors:
mollisols/ entisols/ infiltration/
grassland soils / land use/ conversion/ harvesting/ tillage/
no-tillage/ minimum tillage/ nitrogen fertilizers/ North
Dakota
Abstract: Effect of haying (hayed or not hayed
prior to tillage), tillage (no-tillage, minimum tillage, or
conventional tillage), and N fertilization (0 or 67 kg ha(-1)) on
surface infiltration rates, Q(h), was evaluated for Conservation
Research Program (CRP) site conversion. Soils included Amor loam
(fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustoll) and Cabba
silt loam (loamy, mixed, superactive. calcareous, frigid, shallow
Typic Ustorthent). In reference plots Q(h) increased from 1995 to
1997 (27.2 +/- 3.2 vs. 36.4 +/- 2.9 mm h(-1) at 50-mm tension, 10.9
+/- 12 vs. 20.6 +/- 1.4 mm h(-1) at 100-mm tension, and 4.1 +/- 0.6
vs. 10.9 +/- 1.1 mm h(-1) at 150 mm-tension) under permanent
vegetation. Plots hayed prior to tillage exhibited higher Q(h) when
no fertilizer was applied than plots hayed and fertilized or not
hayed (31.9 +/- 2.9 vs. 23.3 +/- 1.3 mm h(-1) at 50-mm tension and
18.1 +/- 1.3 vs. 13.5 +/- 0.6 mm h(-1) at 100-mm tension). As
tillage intensity increased, Q(h) at 50-mm tension increased (20.1
+/- 2.6 mm h(-1) under no-tillage, 25.5 +/- 1.6 mm h(-1) under
minimum tillage, and 30.1 +/- 2.0 mm h(-1) under conventional
tillage). Q(h) did not change from 1995 to 1997 in cropped
plots.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
426. The Impacts of CRP in the
Future.
Dicks, M. R.
In: Proceedings of the American
Society of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers' Annual
Meeting. (Held 21 Oct 1996-28 Oct 1996 at
Dallas,TX.)
Chicago, Ill.: American Society of
Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers; 1996.
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ Oklahoma
Abstract: Analyzed the economic,
environmental and land use interactions of CRP expiration with
reduced supply management under FAIR.
427. Impacts of the Conservation Reserve
Program in the Great Plains: Symposium Proceedings.
Mitchell, J. E.
Fort Collins, Co: Rocky Mountain
Forest and Range Experiment Station; Series: Forest Service general
technical rept. 158; 142 p. (1988)
Notes: Meeting held September 16-18, 1987 at Denver,
Colorado; PB88225164XSP
Descriptors:
Land use / Farm management/
Agricultural economics/ Erosion control/ Vegetation/ Government
policies/ Federal assistance programs/ Meetings/ Soil conservation/
Soil erosion/ Food Security Act of 1985/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ Food Security Act/ Great Plains/ Land Management/ Natural
resources and earth sciences/ Natural resource management/
Agriculture and food/ Agricultural economics
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program,
created by the Food Security Act of 1985, will place up to 45
million acres of cropland under permanent cover for 10 years. It
provides opportunities to reduce soil erosion, enhance wildlife
habitat, stimulate the farm economy, and reduce commodity surpluses
in the Great Plains area. Topics covered in the symposium include
the history of plowing and planting on the Great Plains, program
rationale, climatologic and weather factors, establishment of range
plants, shrubs and forbs in various plains regions, socioeconomic
impact of the reserve program, current land use situation and
anticipated ecological impacts of the program, total ranch
management planning, Midwest policy issues, role of wildlife and
wetlands, farm bill legislation history and economics, the native
plant seed industry, changes in regional ecology, research needs,
and the role of federal agencies in program
implementation.
428. Implementing CRP: Progress and
prospects.
Hertz, M.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 43 (1): 14-16.
ill. (Jan. 1988-Feb. 1988)
NAL Call #:
56.8-J822; ISSN: 0022-4561 [JSWCA3]
Descriptors:
soil and water conservation/ water
composition and quality/ participation/ program evaluation/
projections/ United States/ food security act of 1985/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ enrollment/ retired acres
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
429. Implementing the Conservation Reserve
Program.
Dicks, M. R.; Reichelderfer, K.;
and Boggess, W.
Washington, DC: Economic Research
Service, Natural Resource Economics Div.; AGES861213;
PB87154191XSP, 1987. 27 p.
Notes: Staff report
Descriptors:
Soil erosion/ Water erosion/
Wind erosion/ Stream erosion/ Soil conservation/ Erosion
control/ Agricultural economics/ Conservation Reserve Program/ 1985
Food Security Act/ Natural resource management/ Natural resources
and earth sciences/ Soil sciences/ Agriculture and food/
Agricultural economics
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) is a multi-year, the multi-objective program of the 1985 Food
Security Act Scheduled to retire 40 million acres of highly
erodible cropland by 1990. The Secretary of Agriculture has
considerable discretion in implementing the program. The report
analyzes the effects of various eligibility, pooling, and bid
selection criteria on the performance of the Conservation Reserve.
The program can be implemented to favor erosion reduction, supply
control, or budget reduction to varying degrees. Furthermore, the
operation and performance of the CRP are closely linked with other
conservation and commodity program provisions of the 1985 Food
Security Act.
430. Implementing the Conservation Reserve
Program: Analysis of Environmental Options.
Ogg, C. W.; Aillery, M. P.; and
Ribaudo, M. O.
Washington, DC: Economic Research
Service, Resources and Technology Div.; USDAAER618; ERSAER618XSP,
1989. 33 p.
Notes: Agricultural economic rept. 618; See also
PB87-154191; Replaces PB90-127721
Descriptors:
Soil erosion/ Cost analysis/
Profits/ Environmental impacts/ Watersheds/ Water quality/
Wildlife/ Ground water/ Water conservation/ Irrigation/ Habitats/
Agriculture and food/ Agricultural equipment facilities and
operations/ Natural resource management/ Natural resources and
earth sciences/ Hydrology and limnology/ Environmental pollution
and control/ Water pollution and control
Abstract: Benefits would be mixed if the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) were expanded to include
irrigated land, highly erodible land, and land with wetness
problems, which contribute to environmental problems. The report
examines the following options for implementing environmental
provisions of the CRP: Irrigated land. Enrollment costs for the
acreage are high since irrigation is profitable in many areas. Net
environmental benefits would not likely increase. Erodible land in
watersheds with pollution problems. Water quality could benefit
considerably by targeting selected watersheds. Targeting modest
acreages of buffer strips near streams would increase benefits even
more. Wildlife habitat would improve by restoring up to 6 million
acres to wetlands.
431. Implementing the conservation
title.
Ervin, C. A.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 44
(5): 367-370. (Sept. 1989-Oct.
1989)
NAL Call #:
56.8-J822; ISSN: 0022-4561 [JSWCA3]
Descriptors:
soil conservation/ implementation
of research/ erosion/ environmental impact
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
432. Implementing the Conservation Title of the
Food Security Act of 1985: A field-oriented assessment.
Soil and Water Conservation
Society (U.S.)
Ankeny, Iowa: Soil and Water
Conservation Society; 74 p.: ill., 1 map. (1990)
NAL Call #: HD256.I47--1990
Descriptors:
Land use, Rural---Government
policy---United States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
433. Implications of land conversions and
management for the future.
Roath, L. R.
In: General Technical Report
RM.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
66-69.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
erosion/ erosion control/ soil
conservation/ land diversion/ revegetation/ Conservation Reserve
Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
434. Interim Appraisal and Analysis of
Conservation Alternatives.
Washington, DC: Natural Resources
Conservation Service; PB2003104447XSP, 2001. CD-ROM
Notes: Relation:
http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/land/pubs/rca/
This document is color dependent
and/or in landscape layout. It is currently available on CD-ROM,
PDF and paper only.
http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/land/pubs/rca/NRCSfinal.pdf
Descriptors:
Technical assistance/ Finance/
Incentives/ U.S. Department of Agriculture/ Government programs/
Farms/ Agriculture/ Farmland/ Land use planning/ Natural resources
conservation/ CRP/ Conservation Reserve Program/ Agriculture and
food/ Agriculture and food/ Agricultural economics/ Natural
resources and earth sciences/ Natural resource
management
Abstract: The report identifies technical
assistance and financial incentives to accomplish different
resource conservation objectives based on analysis of possible
conservation initiatives. The initiatives include reducing erosion
on all cropland, implementing a cropland stewardship proposal,
accomplishing two million miles of buffers for the nations
waterways, enrolling 250,000 additional acres per year in the
Wetlands Reserve Program, investing $65 million per year in the
Farmland Protection Program and expanding the Conservation Reserve
Program to 45 million acres. Overall results indicate that there
are significant opportunities to improve soil, water and other
environmental conditions into the future.
435. Land Retirement.
Smith, Mark
In: Agricultural and Resource
Economics Indicators/ United States Department of Agriculture,
Economic Research Service Resource Economics Division, 2000.
[Chapter 6.2]
Notes: Report ID: AH 722
http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/arei/ah722/arei6_2/AREI6_2landretire.pdf
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program/
United States
Abstract: Provided a review of the CRP and
WRP from their inception, including acres enrolled, cover
practices, the EBI, and a summary of costs and benefits.
436. Monitoring the conservation
title.
Cook, K. A.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 43 (1): 54-57.
(Jan. 1988-Feb. 1988)
NAL Call #:
56.8-J822; ISSN: 0022-4561 [JSWCA3]
Descriptors:
soil and water conservation/
wetlands/ monitoring/ program development/ agricultural policy/
program evaluation/ United States/ policymakers/ conservation
reserve program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
437. Natural Resources and Users Benefit from
the Conservation Reserve Program.
Ribaudo, M. O.; Colacicco, D.;
Langner, L. L.; Piper, S.; and Schaible, G. D.
Washington, DC: Economic Research
Service, Resources and Technology Div.; USDAAER627; ERSAER627XSP,
1990 . 54 p.
Notes: Replaces PB90-167452; Also available from Supt.
of Docs.
NAL Call #: A281.9--Ag8A-no.627
Descriptors:
Protection/ Erosion control/
Planting/ Grasses/ Trees Plants/ Agriculture/ Improvement/ Ground
water/ Wildlife/ Water quality/ Air quality/ Evaluation/ Losses/
Benefit cost analysis/ Models/ Tables Data/ Soil conservation/
Natural resources/ Land retirement program / Habitats/ Natural
resources and earth sciences/ Soil sciences
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) may generate $6-14 billion (present value) in benefits to
natural resources if 45 million acres of highly erodible or
environmentally sensitive cropland are removed from agricultural
production by 1990. Protecting the soil by retiring and planting
permanent grasses and trees on such land for 10 years will improve
soil productivity, water quality, air quality, wildlife habitat,
and groundwater supply. But the magnitude and distribution of
benefits can be altered by changing the emphasis of the program.
The report estimates how retiring cropland benefits natural
resources under three scenarios of CRP enrollment.
438. New CRP criteria enhance environmental
gains.
Osborn, T.
Agricultural Outlook
[AO] (245): 15-18. (Oct.
1997)
NAL Call #:
aHD1751.A42; ISSN: 0099-1066 [AGOUD7]
Descriptors:
land use / federal programs/
environmental protection/ Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
439. New roles for long term cropland
diversion.
Ogg, C. and Kuch, P.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 49
(5): 438-439. (1994)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
soil conservation/ soil management/
government supports/ wildlife habitats/ cropland/ economic aspects/
water quality management/ Watershed protection
Abstract: In the early 1980s, articles in this
Journal made ambitious claims regarding long term cropland
diversion. They said that the U.S. could dramatically reduce soil
erosion while avoiding annual, paid diversion programs, which cost
much more. The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) now plays a
central role in farm bill debates largely because it is delivering
on those promises, while meeting wildlife needs, as well. Success
opens up new opportunities to design effective programs based,
again, on good analysis, but focusing more on wildlife and water
quality benefits from crop diversions and on supporting resource
management on land remaining in crop production.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
440. North Central Oregon Conservation Reserve
Program Survey: A summary of results.
McLeod, Donald M.
Corvallis: Dept. of Agricultural
and Resource Economics, Oregon State University; 46 p.: ill.;
Series: Special report (Oregon State University. Agricultural
Experiment Station 959. (1996)
Notes: "April 1996." Includes bibliographical
references (p.36-37).
NAL Call #: 100--Or3M-no.959
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
441. Offsite sediment damage benefits of the
Conservation Reserve Program in the southern United
States.
Alexander, R. R.; English, B. C.;
Robertson, T.; and Post, D.
Southern Journal of
Agricultural Economics 21 (1): 189. (July 1989)
NAL Call #:
HD101.S6; ISSN: 0081-3052
Descriptors:
sediment pollution/ pollution by
agriculture/ soil conservation/ south eastern states of USA/ south
central states of USA/ Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
442. Overview of the present land-use situation
and the anticipated ecological impacts of program
implementation.
Newman, J. B.
In: General Technical Report
RM.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
55-59.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
resource conservation/ soil
conservation/ erosion control/ land diversion/ programs/
revegetation/ northern plains states of USA/ southern plains states
of USA/ Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
443. Regional and state perspectives on
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP).
Allen, A. W.
Fort Collins, CO: National Ecology
Research Center, National Biological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service Federal Aid Report, 1994.
Descriptors:
Regional conservation programs/
State conservation programs/ Conservation Reserve Program/ United
States
Abstract: Literature reviewed of information
furnished by state and federal biologists on regional effects of
CRP on wildlife in agricultural ecosystems.
444. Risk Assessment for National Natural
Resource Conservation Programs.
Powell, M. R. and Wilson, J. D.,
1997. 31 p. Resources for the Future Discussion Papers
97-49.
http://www.rff.org/rff/Documents/RFF-DP-97-49.pdf
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program/
United States
Abstract: Reviewed risk assessments prepared
by the USDA in support of regulations implementing CRP and
EQIP.
445. Runoff, erosion, and soil quality
characteristics of a former Conservation Reserve Program site in
southwestern Oklahoma.
Gilley, J. E.; Donan, J. W.; and
Dao, T. H.
Applied Engineering in
Agriculture 13 (5): 617-622.
(Sept. 1997)
NAL Call #:
S671.A66; ISSN: 0883-8542
Descriptors:
triticum aestivum/ winter wheat/
bothriochloa/ ischaemum/ grassland soils/ wheat soils/ erodibility/
land use/ conversion/ erosion/ runoff/ soil/ losses from soil/ soil
fertility/ quality/ land productivity/ no-tillage/ conservation
tillage/ erosion control/ soil properties/ federal programs/
Oklahoma/ consevation reserve program/ erodible soils/ soil
quality
Abstract: This study was conducted to measure
runoff, erosion, and soil quality characteristics of a site in
southwestern Oklahoma the first year following conversion from the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Treatments included undisturbed
CRP, Old World bluestem (Bothriochlora ischaemum L.), no-till wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) and conservation-till wheat. Significant
differences in surface cover were found between each of the
experimental treatments, with values ranging from 100% on the
undisturbed CRP site to 42% for the conservation-till treatment. No
significant difference in runoff was found among the various
experimental treatments. The Old World bluestem and winter wheat
treatments had only minimal erosion during the first year following
conversion from the CRP. Production of Old World bluestem
maintained levels of soil quality similar to those of the
undisturbed CRP. Conversion of this CRP area to winter wheat
production significantly reduced biological nutrient reserves,
suggesting a degradation of soil quality. If this trend continues,
long term productivity and the quality of air and water resources
at this site could be affected.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
446. Sea of grass in New Mexico: A perspective
on CRP.
Garcia, H. B.
Rangelands 15 (1): 18-21. (Feb. 1993)
NAL Call #:
SF85.A1R32; ISSN: 0190-0528
Descriptors:
sown grasslands/ range management/
prescribed burning/ introduced species/ wildlife management/
erosion control/ grazing systems/ New Mexico
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
447. Socioeconomic impacts of the Conservation
Reserve Program in North Dakota.
Leistritz, F Larry; Hodur, Nancy
M.; and
Bangsund, Dean A.
Rural America 17 (3): 57-65. (Fall 2002)
Descriptors:
Rural population---Economic
conditions/ Farms---Economic aspects/ Land
utilization---Environmental aspects/ North Dakota---Environmental
policy/ United States---Agricultural policy/ North Dakota---Social
conditions/ North Dakota---Economic conditions/ Wildlife
conservation---United States---North Dakota/ Conservation of
resources---United States---North Dakota
Abstract: Examines effects of the CRP of long-term
land retirement, focusing on income stability for participating
landowners, environmental benefits, farm supply, decline of rural
population, wildlife conservation, and recreation; policy
issues.
© 2004 PAIS, published by OCLC
Public Affairs Information Service
448. Third Grazing Lands Forum: Grazing Lands
and the Conservation Reserve Program, Full report (Held 11-13
October 1988 at Harpers Ferry, WV).
Heimlich, Ralph E.
Morrilton, AR: Winrock
International, 1989. 51 p.: ill.
NAL Call #: HD241.G7-1988
Descriptors:
Grazing Lands and the Conservation
Reserve Program/ Grazing districts---United States/ Agricultural
conservation---United States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
449. Tillage effects on water runoff and soil
erosion after sod.
Lindstrom, M. J.; Schumacher, T.
E.; Cogo, N. P.; and Blecha, M. L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 53
(1):
59-63. (1998)
NAL Call #:
56.8-J822; ISSN: 0022-4561 [JSWCA3]
Descriptors:
medicago sativa/ bromus inermis/
grasslands/ land use/ conversion/ change/ plowing/ chiselling/
no-tillage/ infiltration/ runoff/ water erosion/ soil/ losses from
soil/ land diversion/ federal programs/ soil structure/
erodibility/ erosion control/ South Dakota/ Conservation Reserve
Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
450. Trends in agriculture in the LEASEQ
watersheds, 1975-1995.
Richards RP; Baker DB; and Eckert
DJ
Journal of Environmental
Quality 31 (1):
17-24; 12 ref. (2002)
NAL Call #:
QH540.J6
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
451. Twelve Years of Abandoned Mineland
Reclamation Activities by the United States Department of
Agriculture: Soil Conservation Service in Southwest
Pennsylvania.
Bogovich, W. M.
In: Land Reclamation: Advances in
Research & Technology/ Younos, T.; Diplas, P.; and
Mostaghimi, S.; Series: ASAE
Publication 92-14.
St. Joseph, Michigan: American
Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1992; pp. 230-239.
Notes: 10 Fig, 6 Ref.
NAL Call #: TA705.2.L36 1992
Descriptors:
Coal mining effects/ Department of
Agriculture/ Environmental restoration/ Land reclamation/ Mining/
Pennsylvania/ Soil Conservation Service/ Acid mine drainage/ Costs/
Erosion control/ Hazards/ Legislation/ Sediment control/ Soil
stabilization/ Strip mines/ Surface Mining Control Act/ Toxicity/
Vegetation establishment/ Waste capping/ Wetland construction/
Water quality control/ Watershed protection
Abstract: One-sixth of all abandoned
coal-mine land in the United States is in the twelve southwestern
counties of Pennsylvania. The Surface Mining Control Act of 1977
established several programs to reclaim abandoned coal mine land,
one of which is the Rural Abandoned Mine Program. Sites reclaimed
to date have all been Priority I sites, defined as those which
present an imminent danger to life and property. 136 sites
totalling 1137 acres (460 ha) have been reclaimed in the twelve
counties over the last 12 years. One of the biggest problems
associated with black gob piles is their potential toxicity to
vegetation. A soil covering has been used on two of the 136 sites.
Black locust and arnot bristly locust have been propagated on sites
from seed during the vegetation phase of reclamation. During
construction, both temporary and permanent measures for the control
of erosion and sedimentation are installed, including: straw-bale
barriers, filter-fabric fence, sediment basins and rock filter
dams. Before reconstruction, many of the sites had high rates of
sediment leaving the site. Surface-water control practices are used
to stabilize the soil material and reduce the amount of gully
erosion; examples are diversions, vegetated waterways, and
rock-lined waterways. Mine openings and air shafts may discharge
water and poorly-oxygenated air, and 183 openings have been closed
to prevent access. Wetlands have been constructed on 11 sites to
mitigate acid mine drainage. The average total cost of reclamation
is approximately 9500 dollars per acre. (See also W94-00972)
(Brunone-PTT)
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
452. USDA Conservation Programs: A Look at the
Record.
Hanson, LeRoy and Claassen,
Roger
Agricultural Outlook
(AO) (AGO-284): 22-25.
(2001)
NAL Call #:
aHD1751.A422; ISSN: 0099-1066
Descriptors:
Environmental protection
United States/ Agricultural conservation United
States
453. What We've Done--and What We Can Do: A
Historical Perspective on the Food Security Act.
Berg, N. A.
In: Groundwater and agrichemicals:
Suggested policy directions for 1990; Navarre, Minnesota:
Freshwater Foundation, 1990. P. 5-14, 8 ref.
Descriptors:
Agricultural practices/
Environmental law/ Erosion control/ Food Security Act/ Policy
making / Subsidies/ Water pollution control/ Education/ Farm
management/ Nonpoint pollution sources/ Research/ Soil erosion/
Wetlands/ Wildlife habitats/ Water law and institutions/ Water
quality control/ Watershed protection
Abstract: The Food Security Act of 1985
consists of eighteen titles which are designed to reduce soil
erosion, improve wildlife habitat, decrease loss of wetlands
acreage, and lower contamination of water quality from the nation's
farmland. This policy radically differs from that of the 1970s,
when the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) promoted
'fence-row-to-fence-row' cultivation. Then, land best suited for
grass, trees, or wetlands was converted to cropland that qualified
for USDA commodity and credit programs. Yet damage from the
all-cut-production thrust surfaced as the USDA prepared the 1982
National Resources Inventory (NRI) and reviewed the 1977 NRI
information. Soil erosion, water quality and quantity, and loss of
aquatic and terrestrial habitat continued, while production
increases led to piled up surpluses and economic stress. Since the
1985 promulgation of the Food Security Act, over 30 million acres
of highly erodible and scouring cropland have been planted with
suitable vegetative cover for a ten-year period to reduce soil
erosion under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) provision,
150,000 acres of wetlands have been preserved, and 2 million acres
of trees have been planted to enhance wildlife habitat. The CRP
acres do not require agrichemicals which benefits the land and
water. Passage of the 1985 Food Security Act demonstrated that: (1)
a small ad hoc conservation coalition could influence a largely
urban Congress that the farm commodity programs, as costly as they
had become, represented leverage on the everyday decisions of
thousands of individual food and fiber producers; (2) public
interest conservation groups could join traditional farm interests
at the legislative table; and (3) the American tax-payer can demand
stewardship, as a trade-off for their support of USDA commodity,
credit, and insurance programs. In the future, maintenance of the
1985 Food Security Act should be encouraged, while passage of the
1990 farm policy should include: (1) removing policy constraints
regarding introduction of grasses and/or legumes into cropping
systems; (2) use of a carrot and stick approach to reduce the use
of chemicals; (3) support for more education and technical
assistance to farmers; and (4) accelerated research to provide the
technology for sustainable, profitable farming. As the 1985 bill
did for soil erosion, the 1990 farm policy will do for water
quality protection. (See also W92-03438) (Collins-PTT)
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
454. When the CRP Ends: A Look at Production
Alternatives for Highly Erodible Land in Southern Iowa.
Jolly, R. W.; Vontalge, A.;
Peterson, B.; and Spraque, R. Southern Iowa Forage and Livestock
Committee and Iowa State University, Agriculture and Home Economics
Experiment Station, University Extension; PM-1619, 1995.
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ Iowa
Abstract: Predicted the possible uses for
land in Southern Iowa if CRP were ended, based on productivity and
ownership characteristics.
1985 Food Security Act 429
1985 Food Security Act [Farm
Bill] 201
1992 National Resources
Inventory 31
3 Decades Forest 17
abandoned land 344, 368
Abandonment 3
aboveground vegetation
281
abundance 124, 134, 143, 168, 170, 175, 197,
212, 227, 243, 245, 259, 263
access 414
Accumulation 3
Accuracy 254
Acid mine drainage
451
acreage 297, 382
acreage reduction
382
Acrididae 198
Adair County 175
adaptive kernels 202
Administration 399
Administrative
agencies 399
aerial photography
125
afforestation 4, 60, 80, 183, 309, 313,
321
age 168
Agelaius phoeniceus
146, 220
Agelaius phoeniceus [red
winged blackbird] (Passeriformes) 129
aggregates 16
agricultural and rural
law 285
agricultural chemicals
406
agricultural
conservation 171, 377
Agricultural
conservation---Government policy---Environmental aspects---United
States 164
Agricultural
conservation---Government policy---United States 137
agricultural conservation
programs 120,
125, 210
Agricultural conservation
United States 275, 316, 318, 448, 452
Agricultural
conservation---Vermont 422
Agricultural
contracts---United States 316
agricultural crises
285
agricultural crops
209
Agricultural ecology---United
States 164,
347
agricultural economics
81, 283, 382, 388, 427,
429, 434
agricultural economics
(general) 220,
272, 407
agricultural
ecosystems 136,
141
agricultural environmental
program 293
Agricultural extension
380
agricultural land
2, 35, 39, 47, 91, 103,
111, 181, 193, 220, 235, 256, 265, 309, 317, 332, 350, 357, 358,
375, 398, 409, 414, 423, 450
Agricultural Land
Management 19
Agricultural lands
112
Agricultural law and
legislation---United States 137
agricultural nonpoint source
pollution 78
agricultural policy
295, 362, 421,
436
agricultural pollution
34, 96, 107
Agricultural
pollution---United States 59
agricultural practices
7, 75, 102, 153, 156,
180, 220, 226, 243, 272, 301, 330, 424, 453
agricultural prices
382
agricultural
production 35,
43, 240, 421
agricultural programs
201
agricultural regions
27
Agricultural Resources
Conservation Program 396
agricultural runoff
71, 75, 76, 84, 91, 96,
97
agricultural soils
2, 4, 23
Agricultural
subsidies---United States 315
Agricultural
Watersheds 34
agriculture 30, 34, 41, 43, 50, 56, 66,
75, 85, 90, 96, 109, 115, 119, 156, 191, 203, 250, 254, 258, 261,
274, 306, 330, 378, 387, 395, 396, 409, 434, 437
Agriculture and food
377, 405,
434
Agriculture and food
Agricultural economics 1, 356, 378, 388, 427,
429
Agriculture and food
Agricultural equipment facilities and operations 1, 87, 112, 152, 337, 396,
430
Agriculture and
state---Environmental aspects---United States 164
Agriculture and
state---United States 315, 348
Agriculture---Economic
aspects 335
Agriculture---Economic
aspects---North Dakota 286
Agriculture---Economic
aspects---United States 394
Agriculture---Environmental
aspects 11, 22,
335, 383, 415
Agriculture, Forestry and
Wildlife 171
Agriculture, Forestry &
Wildlife 180,
182, 210, 218
agriculture (general)
242
Agriculture---Social
aspects---United States 346
Agriculture---United
States---Legislation 11
agroecosystems 20
agronomic
characteristics 128
Agronomy 30, 50, 165
agropyron 53
Aimophila cassinii
220
air pollution 4
Air pollution---United
States 11
Air quality 337, 437
Alabama 13, 314
alfalfa 182
alternative farming
412
alternative versus
conventional farming systems 412
Alternatives 405
amaranthus 372, 373
amaranthus rudis 372
amenity and recreation
areas 297,
414
American Conservation Reserve
Program 293
American goldfinch
146
American goldfinch
(Passeriformes) 122
American tree sparrow
(Passeriformes) 122, 126
amino sugars 47
Ammodramus bairdii
424
Ammodramus henslowii
226
Ammodramus savannarum
146, 212, 220,
272
Ammodramus savannarum
[grasshopper sparrow] (Passeriformes) 129
Ammodramus savannarum
(Passeriformes) 126, 234
ammonia oxidizing
bacteria 42
ammonium nitrate 398
amphibians 173
anas 172, 207
Anas acuta 244
anatidae 205, 233
andropogon gerardii
128, 320, 322,
372
angiosperms 2, 24, 29, 36, 80
angling 78
animal (Animalia)
249
animal (Animalia
Unspecified) 234
animal manures 317, 450
animal populations
113
Animal Sciences 199
Animals 28, 119, 122, 126, 130, 149, 165,
202, 234, 249, 252, 255
anthonomus grandis
279, 340
antilocapra americana
111
ants 173, 301
Aphididae 355
application rates
344, 384,
398
Aquaculture 207
Aquatic birds 177, 233
aquatic plants 385
Aquatic Science 70, 131, 401
aquifers 39, 66
arable land 38, 384
arable soils 16, 18, 47, 384
Area 87, 94, 233
Area Sensitivity 134
arid land foxes 199
artemisa 154
Artemisia spp 154
arylamidase activity
30
assessment 23, 412
atmosphere 4
Atmospheric sciences Physical
meteorology 1
attitudes 332, 414
availability 24
Aves 140, 153, 168, 177, 182, 194, 195,
228, 251, 265
Aves (Aves
Unspecified) 130, 149, 252
avian abundance 135
Avian Communities
134
bacterial diseases
276
Baird's sparrow 424
band placement 372, 373
barley 54
Bartramia longicauda
272, 424
basic approaches, concepts,
and theory 289,
418
Bays---Virginia---Richmond
County 67
behavior 146, 154, 156, 174, 209, 236, 242,
272
behavior conservation
180
Benefit cost analysis
87, 437
benefits 88, 377
Best Management
Practices 34,
56, 66
beta glucosaminidase
activity 30
biocide 261
biodiversity 38, 112
biodiversity
conservation 116
biodiversity
protection 249
bioenergy 322
biogeochemical cycle
75
Biogeochemistry 75
Biogeography 248
biological activity in
soil 100
biological diversity
402
Biological indicators
112
Biological
productivity 94
Biology 131, 171, 185, 290, 401
Biology, Ecology 182
biomass 9, 23, 24, 47, 53, 55, 227,
245
Biomass Plantations
336
biomass production
92
Biotechnology & Applied
Microbiology 227
bird (Aves
Unspecified) 252
bird communities 125, 171
Bird eggs 177
Bird populations Effect of
agricultural conservation on 132
birds 112, 119, 120, 122, 126, 130, 133,
140, 141, 143, 146, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 158, 162, 165,
168, 169, 174, 175, 180, 194, 195, 196, 197, 202, 203, 209, 211,
212, 215, 220, 226, 227, 228, 232, 234, 236, 245, 251, 252, 253,
255, 259, 261, 263, 265, 272, 424
Birds---Habitat---Nebraska 127
blackbirds and
cowbirds 263
bobolinks
(Passeriformes) 126
bobwhite 150, 188, 250
Bobwhite quails 203
botanical composition
300, 323, 361,
372
Botany 203
bothriochloa 445
bothriochloa bladhii
350
bothriochloa ischaemum
45, 344, 345
bottomland forests
60, 80, 321
Brackish water 177
breeding 154, 209
breeding bird survey
229
Breeding Bird Surveys
143
Breeding Birds 124, 229
Breeding site 151
Breeding sites 177, 207
Breeding success 207, 233
Brewer's sparrow 154
broadcasting 372, 373
bromus inermis 100, 372, 449
brooding 156
brooding behavior
202
broods 156
broods and brooding
150, 156
Brookings County 242
brown headed cowbird
272, 424
brush control 247
budgets 297, 382
Bulk 19
bulk density 16, 53, 54, 57,
423
buried seeds 373
burning 261
burns 173
Business and economics
336, 405
California 63, 244
Canada 16
Canada goose
(Anseriformes) 122
Canis latrans 424
canopy 423
capitalism 362
carabidae 350
carbofuran 309
carbon 1, 4, 10, 12, 18, 23, 24, 29, 43,
47, 48, 52, 53, 56, 57, 100
Carbon 13 natural
abundance 20
carbon cycle 4, 13
Carbon dioxide 1
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
14
carbon emission 12
carbon nitrogen ratio
23, 47
carbon pools 4
carbon sequestration
4, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20,
43
carbon sinks 15
carbon: soil sequestration
practices 6
Carbon Storage 17
Carduelis tristis
146
carrying capacity
327
Carya illinoinensis
80
case studies 412
Cass County, Illinois
308
Cassin's sparrow 220
Catching methods 301
Catchment areas 34, 85
Catoptrophorus
semipalmatus 424
cattle 103
census 156
censuses 37
Cephalosporium
gramineum 341
change 423, 449
changes detrimental to
wildlife 156,
261, 263
Characteristics, behavior and
fate 91
chemical composition
47
chemicals runoff and erosion
from agricultural management systems 90
chenopodium album
373
Chesapeake Bay---Md and
Va 67
chiselling 100, 449
chloroform fumigation
30
Chordates 119, 122, 126, 130, 149, 151, 165,
195, 202, 211, 234, 252
chronosequence 281
Ciconiiformes 424
Cistothorus platensis
232
clavibacter Michiganensis
subsp insidiosus 276
clay loam soils 32
climate 5, 75, 180
climatic change 16
Climatic changes 1, 15
clutches 220
Coal mining effects
451
Coleoptera 135, 301
Colinus virginianus
138, 141, 150, 183,
188, 189, 250, 258, 267
colletotrichum
trifolii 276
colonization 361
Colorado 113, 283, 304
commodity markets
382
commodity programs
382
common pheasant 156, 194, 236, 261
common snipe 424
common yellowthroat
146
common yellowthroat
(Passeriformes) 126
communities 133, 146, 175, 220,
227
Community composition
233, 385
Community
development---United States 346
community ecology
42, 350
Community structure
135, 195
community vitality
299
Comparative studies
85
comparison 136
Comparison Studies
85
comparisons 128
compliance provisions
201
comprehensive effort
6
Comprehensive Zoology
211
computer simulation
49, 382
conductivity 50
Congressional reports
377
conservation 1, 10, 15, 25, 43, 44, 51,
73, 74, 75, 77, 94, 98, 109, 120, 125, 153, 156, 187, 195, 197,
203, 210, 211, 216, 218, 226, 232, 235, 248, 265, 272, 273, 274,
289, 295, 311, 312, 356, 357, 359, 362, 365, 378, 388, 393, 402,
406, 408, 409, 413, 414, 418
conservation areas
49, 128, 189, 205, 223,
242, 279, 298, 314, 327, 340, 350
Conservation biology
195
conservation buffer
strips 6,
43
conservation buffers
187, 256
conservation
compliance 68
conservation compliance
provision 81
Conservation---Cropland 104
conservation
implications 195
Conservation in agricultural
use 104
conservation interests
249
conservation land
acquisition 249
Conservation measures
151, 195,
211
Conservation of natural
resources---Economic aspects---North Dakota 286
Conservation of natural
resources---Government policy---United States 348
Conservation of natural
resources---Nebraska 179
Conservation of natural
resources---United States 287, 346, 392, 394
Conservation of
resources---United States---North Dakota 447
conservation practices
180
conservation practices:
evolution 6
conservation programs
115, 133, 142, 143,
146, 154, 165, 175, 191, 212, 220, 250, 259, 261, 263, 267, 292,
377
Conservation Reserve
Enhancement Program 110, 308
Conservation Reserve
Enhancement Program---United States 351
Conservation Reserve
Program 3, 4, 6,
9, 15, 17, 20, 26, 31, 33, 39, 43, 46, 53, 55, 58, 65, 68, 78, 81,
87, 90, 93, 98, 99, 105, 106, 114, 116, 117, 118, 121, 122, 123,
124, 126, 128, 129, 130, 133, 134, 142, 143, 144, 146, 148, 154,
155, 156, 157, 160, 161, 163, 170, 173, 174, 176, 186, 189, 190,
196, 197, 200, 204, 207, 208, 209, 211, 212, 217, 220, 221, 227,
229, 230, 231, 234, 235, 237, 238, 239, 241, 245, 250, 253, 254,
257, 258, 260, 261, 262, 264, 265, 266, 269, 270, 272, 276, 279,
281, 297, 298, 299, 304, 310, 311, 314, 322, 324, 328, 329, 337,
338, 344, 345, 349, 356, 358, 360, 361, 374, 375, 384, 389, 390,
395, 396, 399, 400, 404, 405, 406, 407, 411, 412, 416, 417, 419,
424, 426, 427, 428, 429, 433, 434, 435, 436, 438, 441, 442, 443,
444, 449, 454
Conservation Reserve Program
[CRP] 152, 183,
201, 202
Conservation Reserve
Program---Evaluation 284
Conservation Reserve Program
lands 48,
111
Conservation Reserve Program
U.S 132,
315
Conservation Reserve
Program---United States 127, 139, 282, 287, 316, 319, 348,
351, 367, 371, 392, 394
Conservation Reserve
Programme 151,
379
Conservation Reserve
Programme fields 151
Conservation Reserve
Programs 100,
188, 219, 236, 242, 292
Conservation Resource
Management 165
conservation tillage
13, 14, 18, 36, 43, 45,
344, 345, 398, 421, 445, 450
Conservation, wildlife
management and recreation 74, 75, 177
consevation compliance
program 406
consevation reserve
program 445
constituent loads
72
constraints 362
constructed wetlands
271
consumer surplus 255
continuous cropping
29
contracts 374, 395, 396
control programs 61
conversion 4, 32, 382, 425, 445,
449
cool season 170
Cool season and warm season
grass fields 195
Corn Belt of USA 81, 406
Corn Belt States of
USA 21,
36
cost analysis 25, 382, 430
cost benefit analysis
8, 61, 104, 105, 308,
379, 381, 399, 400, 405
Cost effectiveness
87
cost effectiveness
analysis 27,
308
Cost sharing 312
Costs 34, 388, 395, 451
cotton 2, 30, 328, 382
cotton yield 30
cover 115, 170, 191, 250, 263
cover crops 13, 100, 339
cover, nesting 143, 150
cover type 229
coverage 361, 423
coyote 424
crested wheatgrass
333
crop (Angiospermae)
48
crop damage 224
crop density 345, 364
crop establishment
303
crop fields 122
crop management 48, 345, 364
crop mixtures 276, 342
crop production 36, 37, 39, 41, 53, 64, 104,
322, 328, 332
crop residues 18, 364
crop rotations 20, 30
crop yield 38, 128, 345, 364, 372, 398,
450
Crop yields 396
cropland 10, 25, 31, 41, 46, 73, 88, 158,
399, 439
croplands 4, 16, 18
cropping systems 13, 18, 30, 54, 92
crops 7, 10, 41, 102, 120, 311
CRP 19, 88, 170, 258, 307, 405,
434
CRP enrollment 73
CRP fields 124, 135, 227, 245
crude protein 103, 128
cultivars 128, 276
cultivated farmland
115, 150, 156, 191,
242, 250, 259, 261, 263
cultivated grassland
soils 20
Cultivated Lands 10, 46, 56, 112, 387,
399
cultivation 1, 3, 45, 51
Culture of other aquatic
animals 207
cutting 263
cutting frequency
276
cycling 64
Cypress Creek 306
Dabbling ducks 207
Dakota 134
dark eyed junco
(Passeriformes) 122
databases 39
deciduous forests
60
Decision making 8, 396, 421
Decision support
systems 306
deer, white tailed
242
deficiency payments
295
degradation 58
demography 314
denitrification 2
density 158, 209, 220, 236
Department of
Agriculture 451
descurainia pinnata
280
detecting change 72
diameter 294, 326
diapause 340
dickcissel 146, 174, 215, 272
dickcissels 158
dickcissels
(Passeriformes) 126
digestibility 128
Diplopoda 301
Diptera 301
direct sowing 54
disc 50
discing 364
disease resistance
276, 341
dispersion 188, 194
Dissolved oxygen 75
distribution 154, 220
distribution of costs
27
disturbed land 361
Diuraphis noxia 355
diurnal variation
242
diversification 246
diversity 220
Dolichonyx oryzivorus
(Passeriformes) 126
Domestic livestock
167
dove, mourning 191
drainage 101
Drainage Area 85
drought 80, 222, 398
dry farming 37
duck nests 158
ducks 143, 233, 244
dust 16
Duval County 173
dynamic computable general
equilibrium models 43
Dynamics 3, 14
earthworms 28
East central region
242
eastern meadowlark
146
Ecological Effects
330, 333
Ecological impact of water
development 113
ecological
requirements 191, 261
ecological restoration
267
Ecology 20, 72, 135, 158, 169, 170, 171,
195, 203, 229, 234, 244, 246, 289, 302, 379, 396, 405,
413
economic analysis
138, 274, 322, 328,
336, 414, 417
economic aspects 395, 399, 439
Economic Efficiency
34
Economic Evaluation
34, 255
Economic Impact 21, 27, 85, 239, 240, 295,
299, 327, 332, 382, 412, 419, 420
Economic impacts 396
economic instruments
116
Economic model 1
economic models 81
economic sectors 43
Economics 25, 34, 64, 85, 109, 274,
296
Ecosystem Function
17
ecosystem management
75, 162, 385,
424
Ecosystem management---United
States 347
ecosystem stability
402
ecosystem structure
281
ecosystem
vulnerability 116
ecosystems 1, 16, 146, 154, 156, 174,
209, 212, 220, 261, 272, 405, 424
Ecosystems and
energetics 75
edge habitat 174
edge relation 234
Education 165, 453
effects 29
Effects on water of human
nonwater activities 77, 82, 330
efficacy 344
elateridae 358, 375
electrical
conductivity 28,
57
emission 2, 16
Emissions 1
endangered species
112, 197, 222,
267
energy cost of
production 322
energy crops 227, 245
Energy Fuels 336
Energy Policies regulations
and studies 336
Energy Reserves 336
Energy Source
Development 336
enhancement 165, 402
enrollment 428
entisols 425
Enviromental & Natural
Resource Development 409
Environment 20, 44, 72, 135, 158, 169,
170, 229, 244, 312
Environment management
71, 75, 177, 251, 385,
388, 409
Environment---United
States 363
Environmental action
25, 34, 41, 75, 91, 96,
97, 107, 109, 274, 306
environmental benefits
297
environmental benefits
index 400,
405
Environmental concerns
377
environmental
condition 116
environmental
degradation 21,
75, 98
environmental
disturbances 165
Environmental Effects
25, 85, 233,
396
environmental factors
304, 323
environmental impact
25, 28, 37, 167, 177,
220, 255, 288, 295, 308, 337, 357, 393, 408, 412, 414,
431
environmental impact
statements 416
Environmental impacts
430
Environmental issues
85
Environmental law
453
Environmental law---United
States 302,
415
environmental
legislation 74,
283, 362
environmental
management 44,
71, 378, 408, 410, 413
Environmental management and
planning 312
Environmental
monitoring 409
Environmental Policy
85, 104, 310, 379, 381,
408, 414
Environmental policy---United
States 164,
302
Environmental pollution and
control 1, 337,
377
Environmental pollution and
control Air pollution and control 1
Environmental pollution and
control Water pollution and control 430
environmental
protection 21,
74, 77, 96, 109, 118, 274, 293, 297, 362, 374, 378, 395, 400, 408,
414, 419, 438
Environmental
protection---Cost effectiveness 335
Environmental protection
United States 302, 452
environmental quality
297, 302, 306, 381,
405
Environmental Quality
Incentive Program [EQIP] 201
Environmental Quality
Incentives Program 187, 381
Environmental
restoration 75,
140, 385, 451
Environmental risk
assessment---United States 302, 392
Environmental Science
131, 290,
401
Environmental Sciences
218
Environmental
transport 105
enzyme activity 23
eragrostis curvula
222, 279
eroded soils 16, 36, 277
erodibility 32, 49, 445, 449,
450
erodible soils 445
erosion 21, 27, 34, 35, 36, 44, 45, 96,
180, 273, 285, 295, 306, 311, 328, 357, 366, 403, 410, 411, 414,
417, 418, 419, 420, 431, 433, 445
Erosion and
sedimentation 31, 58, 98
erosion control 25, 34, 36, 41, 46, 73, 74,
77, 84, 87, 96, 187, 200, 213, 238, 274, 277, 299, 309, 314, 329,
333, 349, 362, 370, 382, 391, 395, 399, 400, 405, 407, 411, 427,
429, 433, 437, 442, 445, 446, 449, 451, 453
erosion rates 31
establishment 305
estimation 49, 78
euphorbia esula 327
European starling
(Passeriformes) 122
eutrophic lakes 76
eutrophication 76, 95
Evaluation 74, 212, 307, 388, 408, 414,
437
Evaluation process
85
Evaluation, processing and
publication 88
evapotranspiration
391
exotic species 333
Expenditures 34
extensive agriculture
115
Eye spot 341
Eyespot 341
fallow 18, 39, 48, 54, 57
fallow systems 13
fallow tillage systems
20
fallowing 58
Farm Bill 68, 165, 381
Farm Bill of 1990
396
farm costs and returns
surveys 155
Farm crops 1
farm income 155, 295, 382
farm management 1, 37, 396, 408, 427,
453
farm sector 382
farm size 299, 450
farm surveys 155
farmer service reward
system 293
farmers 27, 152, 311, 379
farmers' attitudes
268, 295
farming 64, 104, 239, 299
Farming and
agriculture 151
farming systems 37, 64, 187, 299,
412
farmland 4, 12, 118, 174, 183, 209, 223,
272, 342, 424, 434
Farmlands 105
farms 102, 115, 150, 203, 274, 311, 388,
393, 434, 450
Farms---Economic
aspects 447
Farms---Environmental
aspects 415
Farms---Vermont 422
Fayette County 96
feasibility 322
fecundity 146, 195, 355
Federal assistance
programs 427
Federal jurisdiction
395, 399
federal policies 44
federal programs 4, 9, 12, 27, 43, 49, 81,
118, 138, 146, 172, 174, 181, 220, 261, 266, 272, 274, 276, 277,
278, 295, 296, 297, 310, 322, 345, 349, 353, 357, 358, 360, 361,
370, 375, 382, 386, 391, 393, 400, 406, 412, 417, 419, 423, 438,
445, 449
feeding 173
Feeding behavior 215
feeding ecology 244
fertility 236
fertilizers 18, 344
field experimentation
364, 372
field sparrow 146
Fields 19, 126, 134, 168, 229
finance 417, 434
Financing 312
fine sandy loam 20
fire ants 169
fire ecology 247
Fire hazards 337
fires 173
fisheries 109
Fisheries
management---Political aspects 69
fishery resources
109
fledglings 156
flood control 77, 89
flood damage 74
flooding 74, 77, 80
floods 74, 89
fodder crops 64, 276
Food 388
food, agriculture,
conservation and trade act of 1990 295, 349
food and security act of 1985 285
Food availability
207, 215
food crops 115, 261
Food Security Act
427, 453
Food Security Act 1985
413
food security act of 1985 27, 33, 81,
83, 94, 105, 200, 295, 324, 396, 427, 428
food supply 261
foods 173
forage 64, 128
Forage plants---United
States 383
foraging 165
Ford County 156
forest fauna 218
Forest management
60, 82, 326
forest plantations
183, 326
forest soils 4
Forest thinning---United
States 287
forestlands 4
Forestry 296, 312, 365
Forestry management
312
forests 12, 16, 38, 60, 136, 321,
326
formicidae 169, 301
fragmentation 158, 331
frequency distribution
361
Freshwater 177
Freshwater pollution
71, 73, 76, 91, 97,
107
Fringillidae 146, 154, 174, 212, 220,
424
fuel crops 322
Funding 377
fungal diseases 276, 309
fusarium oxysporum f sp
medicaginis 276
Future planning
Projected 396
Galliformes 156, 188, 236, 250, 255,
261
Gallinago gallinago
424
game management 153
GAO reports 378
Garvin Brook Rural Clean
Water Program 61
General 341
General Environmental
Engineering 75
General papers on
resources 77
Geographic Information
Systems 194,
254, 307
geographical
distribution 193, 375
geographical information
systems 39, 317,
358, 366, 384
Geography 180
Georgia 294, 309
Geoscience 70
Geothlypis trichas
146
Geothlypis trichas
(Passeriformes) 126
Gini coefficient 297
GIS 194, 254
global carbon budget
4
Global Change 14
Glycine 36
glycine max 36, 92, 101, 364,
372
gossypium 2, 328
gossypium hirsutum
13, 344, 345
Government agencies
Evaluation 380
Government finance
104
Government policies
94, 312, 427
government policy
55, 74, 84, 97, 107,
140, 153, 204, 226, 243, 402
government programs
25, 34, 41, 96,
434
Government regulations
306
Government Supports
25, 34, 41, 85,
439
Governmental
interrelations 104
governmental programs and
projects 66
Governments 34
grains 115
gramineae 279
grass management 32
grass prairies 120
grasses 24, 32, 40, 152, 253, 279, 283,
300, 304, 305, 340, 355, 360, 437
Grasses---Colorado---Growth 319
Grasses---Weed
control---United States 371
grasshopper sparrow
146, 212, 220,
272
grasshopper sparrow
(Passeriformes) 126, 234
grassland 19, 115, 124, 143, 146, 169, 175,
191, 195, 229, 245, 259, 263
grassland bird
conservation 170
Grassland Birds 134, 197, 245
Grassland, cover
quality 151
grassland improvement
320, 370
grassland management
344, 423
Grassland Soils 3, 4, 16, 23, 32, 47, 52,
425, 445
grasslands 2, 4, 16, 24, 39, 45, 46, 51,
54, 136, 140, 143, 146, 154, 159, 172, 204, 209, 220, 228, 232,
243, 246, 248, 251, 261, 272, 279, 300, 314, 325, 331, 339, 364,
398, 424, 449
Gratiot County 263
grazing 16, 103, 301, 327, 338, 350,
423
Grazing---Colorado
319
Grazing districts---United
States 318,
448
Grazing Great Plains
367
grazing intensity
320
Grazing Lands and the
Conservation Reserve Program 318, 448
Grazing lands---United
States 383
grazing systems 338, 446
Great Plains 20, 117, 148, 254,
427
great plains
grasslands 229
Great Plains Region United
States 396
great plains states of
USA 28, 29, 37,
47, 57, 64, 331, 374
Greater prairie
chicken 214
greenhouse effect
4, 16
Greenhouse Gas 14
greenhouse gas
mitigation 20
greenhouse gases 4
ground cover 39, 222
Ground water 105, 337, 430, 437
Groundwater 81, 82, 88, 366,
406
groundwater pollution
61
growth 294, 326
growth rate 326
growth stages 320
gymnosperms 80, 331
Habitat 124, 146, 149, 150, 170, 175, 188,
191, 195, 233, 242, 245, 250, 258
habitat alterations
156, 173,
424
habitat change 115, 261
habitat changes 212, 261
habitat classification
188, 250
habitat density 202
habitat destruction
159
habitat improvement
207, 274
Habitat improvement
(physical) 177
Habitat management
142, 146, 156, 174,
188, 195, 209, 211, 212, 219, 220, 261, 263
habitat management for
wildlife 115,
150, 191, 250, 261
habitat preference
358
habitat preservation
165
habitat relationships
146, 174, 212,
261
habitat selection
28, 111, 227, 242,
244
habitat surveys 250
habitat use 154, 173, 174, 199, 209, 242,
244, 272
habitat utilization
140, 265
habitats 28, 109, 118, 152, 155, 158, 159,
172, 189, 197, 200, 203, 204, 220, 222, 238, 266, 289, 297, 340,
356, 358, 378, 405, 407, 419, 430, 437
habits 209
harvesting 312, 425
harvesting date 320
hay 53, 64, 338, 450
haying 53
haymaking 183, 205, 300, 423
Hazards 451
herbage 338
herbicide application
280, 354,
368
herbicide mixtures
280
herbicide
recommendations 368
herbicide residues
309
herbicides 339, 344, 370, 372
hibernation 120
high plains 239
highly erodable land
201
historic floods 74
history 87, 94, 263, 323, 324, 325,
396
home range 154, 199
home range size 202
Homoptera 355
horizons 39
horned lark
(Passeriformes) 122
host plants 355
human activity 331
Human impact 228
hunting 138, 207, 240, 255, 314, 405,
414
hydraulic conductivity
50
hydraulic properties
50
hydrological regime
385
Hydrology 75, 82, 89, 385
hymenoptera 169, 301
hypoxia 95
idaho 97, 295
Illinois 36, 76, 96, 107, 115, 141, 150,
152, 156, 203, 215, 226, 228, 306, 308
Illinois: South and west
central 211
impact 288
Implementation 396
implementation of
research 431
Improvement 437
incentives 386, 408, 434
incidence 375
income 240, 388, 419
indexes 400
indexing 88
Indiana 65, 235
Indicator species
330
Indicators 38, 56, 409
infestation 361
infiltration 50, 425, 449
infiltrometers 50
input output analysis
278, 285
insect communities
350
insect pests 309, 358, 375
Insecta 330
Insects 198, 330
integer programming
27, 295
integrated systems
37
intensive husbandry
103
introduced species
446
invasions 331
invertebrate biomass
252
invertebrates 28, 330
Iowa 26, 98, 115, 158, 161, 245, 358,
364, 372, 373, 375, 454
IPCC 20
IPCC Inventory 14
irrigated farming
39
Irrigation 18, 87, 104, 430
ischaemum 445
IWEBP 203
Jasper County 150
Joaquin kit foxes
199
juniper 229
Juniperus 331
Juniperus spp 125
juvenile 156
Kansas 39, 123, 128, 162, 174, 180, 191,
243, 247, 261, 272, 304, 339
Kansas Conservation Reserve
Program 252
Kansas: Riley County
174
Kansas, Western 261
Kentucky 66, 303
Kingsbury County 242
Klamath Basin 93
Know County 175
Knox County 146, 195, 259
laboratories 57
Lake County 242
lakes 21, 107
Land 254, 359
Land and freshwater
zones 195,
211
Land areas 203
land banks 39, 45, 47, 55, 100, 204,
205, 300, 344, 364, 372, 398
land capability 285
Land conservation
396
land cover 39
land degradation 331
Land Development, Land
Reform, and Utilization (Macroeconomics) 146, 174, 220, 261, 272,
407
land diversion 12, 23, 52, 54, 200, 220,
240, 255, 266, 277, 297, 308, 324, 332, 349, 357, 360, 361, 374,
384, 386, 400, 403, 414, 419, 433, 442, 449
land improvement 15
Land Management 4, 13, 39, 52, 56, 58, 98,
102, 155, 235, 261, 297, 306, 310, 344, 345, 353, 364, 387, 414,
421, 423, 427
land management
practice 130
Land ownership 396
land policy 328, 332, 353, 414
Land pollution 10, 44, 96
land, private 212, 242, 250, 261,
424
land productivity
445
land reclamation 105, 385, 451
land resources 359, 407, 418
Land retirement
program 437
land retirement
programs 201
land trusts 249
land types 38
land use 1, 2, 4, 9, 10, 23, 31, 32, 37, 38,
39, 45, 49, 52, 85, 87, 88, 94, 103, 105, 115, 141, 156, 191, 207,
212, 213, 214, 218, 220, 240, 249, 263, 272, 274, 306, 307, 308,
309, 325, 329, 330, 331, 332, 337, 342, 350, 353, 357, 364, 366,
374, 379, 387, 396, 399, 403, 414, 420, 421, 423, 425, 427, 438,
445, 449, 450
Land Use Change 14, 20
land use land cover
maps 39
land use planning
39, 434
Land use, Rural---Government
policy---United States 432
Land use---Rural---United
States 316
Land
utilization---Environmental aspects 447
landowners 171, 267, 314
Landscape 135, 329, 421
landscape conservation
35
landscape ecology
80, 331
Landscape Metrics
254
landscape structure
211
Landscapes 197
Landslides and erosion
44, 273
lapland longspur
(Passeriformes) 122
LaPlatte River 71
Law 109
lawns and turf 280, 354
laws and regulations
68
leaching 81, 88, 384, 406
least weasel 193
legislation 33, 74, 94, 97, 109, 200,
285, 295, 306, 349, 397, 419, 420, 451
legumes 40, 152, 283, 300, 360
Legumes---Weed
control---United States 371
Lek 214
Light traps 330
Limosa fedoa 424
Linn County 146, 175, 195, 259
literature reviews
204
litter plant 279, 364
livestock 173, 350
livestock farming
37
Livestock industry---United
States 383
liveweight gain 103
Loblolly Pine 17
Local conservation
programs 93
Logging 82
logistic regression
229
Long range Time 337
long term tillage
20
Longleaf Pine 17
Lorenz curve 297
loss of habitat 261
losses 240, 437
losses from soil 92, 384, 423, 445,
449
Lower Sangamon
Watershed 308
Macon County 146, 175, 195, 259
macrotis 199
maize 2, 36, 38, 382, 406, 450
Mammalia 216, 233
mammals 233, 242, 424
Man induced effects
75
Management 19, 134, 141, 142, 146, 153,
156, 174, 188, 207, 209, 212, 214, 219, 220, 236, 242, 243, 248,
250, 251, 261, 272, 409, 424
manures 18
mapping 88
maps 39
marbled godwit 424
Marginal Agricultural
Lands 17
marginal land 87, 294, 417
Marine environment
177
market prices 382
marketing 450
Maryland 16, 110
mathematical model
90
mathematical models
1, 43, 278, 308,
417
mating grounds 191
Matter 14
meadow vole 424
meadowlark 272
meadowlark
(Passeriformes) 122
meadowlarks 126
meadowlarks, blackbirds and
orioles 175
meadows 120, 210
medicago sativa 39, 53, 92, 100, 101, 276,
300, 449
Medicine and biology
203, 405
Medicine and biology
Ecology 1, 197,
253, 337
Medicine and biology
Zoology 253
Meetings 396, 427
melilotus officinalis
372
Mephitis 424
metapopulation
viability 116
methodology 57, 302, 414
Michigan 168, 263
microbial biomass
24, 30
microorganisms 24
Microtus
pennsylvanicus 424
Migratory Birds 124
mineralizable carbon
52
mineralizable nitrogen
52
mineralization 23, 45, 52, 53,
100
minimum convex
polygons 202
minimum tillage 350, 425
Mining 451
Minnesota 26, 47, 61, 92, 101, 133, 157, 209,
276, 336, 360, 361
Minnesota,
Southwestern 209
Minnesota, western
133
Mississippi 49, 57, 58, 63, 80
Missouri 121, 146, 175, 189, 195, 227, 250,
253, 258, 259, 412
Missouri, Northcentral
146
model 50
modeling 175, 188, 263
models 16, 78, 170, 197, 317, 358,
437
moldboards 100
mollisols 29, 32, 425
Molothrus ater 272, 424
monitoring 55, 436
Monocots 48
Montana 111, 190, 207, 285, 353
Monte Carlo method
400
mortality 156, 199, 309
mourning dove 191
mourning dove
(Columbiformes) 122
movements 244
mowing 232, 320
Multidisciplinary
184
multiple land use
314
National conservation
programs 65
national economy 293
National government
312
Natural resource
conservation 405
natural resource
management 203,
312, 405, 416, 434
Natural Resources
31, 146, 174, 203, 242,
261, 268, 272, 296, 378, 407, 437
Natural resources and earth
sciences 203,
312, 337, 405, 434
Natural resources and earth
sciences Hydrology and limnology 105, 430
Natural resources and earth
sciences Natural resource management 94, 112, 152, 197, 253, 356, 378,
388, 396, 427, 429, 430
Natural resources and earth
sciences Soil sciences 1, 87, 105, 388, 429,
437
Natural resources
conservation 356, 434
natural resources land
resources 220
Natural resources
management 388
Natural Wetlands 134
nature conservation
45, 60, 103, 109, 159,
177, 222, 272, 279, 300, 326, 332, 364, 366, 379, 385
Nature conservation---United
States---Legislation 415
nature reserves 45, 183, 205, 216, 326,
373
Nearctic region 195, 211
Nebraska 49, 57, 65, 87, 180, 304, 320,
364
neotropical migrant
species 125
nest 191
nest density 220
nest parasitism 272
nest predation 129
Nest Success 143, 245
nesting 146, 172, 174, 177, 220, 222, 236,
272
nesting behavior 202
nesting sites 174, 220
Nesting Success 124, 129, 172, 195
nesting success and
fecundity 195
nestling diet 135
nests 146, 159, 162, 174, 195, 204, 215,
220, 222, 228, 233, 236, 247, 251, 265, 272
nests and nesting
143, 146, 150, 175,
191, 259
New Mexico 219, 446
New York 317
NIPF 312
NIPF lands 312
nitrate 24, 101
nitrate nitrogen 28, 61, 92, 103
nitrates 61
nitrification 2
nitrogen 24, 29, 30, 45, 48, 52, 57,
100
nitrogen content 23, 47
nitrogen cycle 13
nitrogen fertilization
20
nitrogen fertilizers
322, 425,
450
nitrous oxide 2
no-tillage 2, 45, 53, 55, 100, 283, 344,
345, 350, 364, 372, 398, 425, 445, 449, 450
nongame wildlife 220
Nonhuman Vertebrates
119, 122, 126, 130,
149, 165, 202, 234, 252
Nonindustrial private
forest 312
Nonpoint pollution
34, 91, 97, 107,
306
Nonpoint pollution
sources 34, 75,
104, 306, 453
nonpoint source
pollution 66
Nonpoint source
pollution---United States 59
Nonpoint sources 91, 97, 105, 107
North America 2, 16, 18, 21, 24, 28, 29,
35, 36, 57, 64, 80, 115, 124, 133, 142, 143, 146, 150, 154, 156,
173, 174, 175, 177, 188, 195, 199, 209, 211, 212, 219, 220, 229,
236, 242, 248, 250, 255, 259, 261, 263, 272, 292, 317, 331, 359,
408, 414
North America Central States
of USA 21, 28,
36, 57, 64
North America Dakota
28
North America, Erie L
34
North America: Great
Plains 424
North American Breeding Bird
Survey 149
North American
grassland 135
North American Wetlands
Conservation and Restoration Act of 1989 94
North Carolina 404
North central region
175
North Dakota 26, 53, 143, 145, 157, 190,
205, 207, 232, 245, 300, 327, 338, 423, 425
North Dakota---Economic
conditions 447
North Dakota Enhancement
Program 286
North Dakota---Environmental
policy 447
North Dakota---Social
conditions 447
Northcentral States
212
Northeastern States of
USA 317
Northern Bobwhite
258
northern bobwhite
(Galliformes) 122
Northern central
region 259
Northern Great Plains
237
northern pintail 244
northern plains 143
Northern Plains States of
USA 5, 28, 33,
57, 64, 238, 299, 323, 324, 325, 329, 442
NRCS 307
NRI 88
nutrient content 64
nutrient dynamics
4
nutrient management
187
nutrients 58, 64, 75
Nutrients (mineral)
75
odocoileus hemionus
111
odocoileus virginianus
111, 242
Odontophoridae 188, 250
offset schemes 116
offsite benefits 8
Ohio 21, 103, 265, 417
Oklahoma 29, 45, 128, 229, 331, 344, 345,
350, 426, 445
old fields 136, 162
onsite benefits 8
opportunity costs
240, 359
ORACBA 302
Oregon 292
Organic Carbon 7, 10, 14, 57
organic matter 1, 30, 40, 51, 98
Organic Matter
Recovery 3,
19
Orthoptera 198
overwintering 279, 340
Panicum Virgatum 245, 320
Papilionoidea 36
participation 78, 428
Particle Size Analysis
19
partridge 194
Passerculus
sandwichensis 232
Passeriformes 146, 154, 174, 209, 212, 220,
424
passerine
(Passeriformes) 130
pastures 10, 38, 209, 272, 350
Patch Size 233, 254
Patches 233
Paternal behavior
215
Patterns 17, 111
Payment 378
Payments 377
Pennsylvania 65, 451
percolation 391
Perdix perdix 194
perennials 53, 101
Performance assessment
34
permanent grasslands
220, 360,
361
persistence 276, 360
pest management 358
pest scouting 358
pesticide leaching
index 384
pesticide root zone model ---
PRZM 81
pesticides 66, 81, 88, 261, 384,
406
pH 29
Phalaropus tricolor
424
Phasianidae 156, 236, 255, 261
Phasianidae: Galliformes,
Aves 211
Phasianus colchicus
156, 170, 194, 236,
261
Phasianus colchicus
(Galliformes) 119, 126
Phasianus colchicus
(Phasianidae) 151</