The Water Quality Information Center at the National Agricultural Library
Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture
Environmental Effects of U.S. Department
of Agriculture Conservation Programs
A Conservation Effects
Assessment Bibliography
Special Reference Briefs
Series no. SRB 2004-01
Compiled by
Stuart R. Gagnon
Joseph R. Makuch
Ted J. Sherman
Water Quality Information
Center
National Agricultural
Library
Agricultural Research
Service
U.S. Department of
Agriculture
454 citations
National Agricultural Library Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351 August 2004
National
Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
Gagnon, Stuart
R.
Environmental
effects of U.S. Department of Agriculture conservation programs : a
conservation effects assessment bibliography.
(Special reference
briefs ; NAL-SRB. 2004-01)
1. Water in
agriculture--United States--Bibliography.
2.Water
quality--United States--Bibliography.
3. Agricultural
pollution--United States--Bibliography.
4.Agriculture and
state--Environmental aspects--United
States--Bibliography.
I. Makuch, Joseph
R. II. Sherman, Ted J. III. Water Quality Information Center
(U.S.)
III. Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.
2004-01
Abstract
Environmental Effects of U.S.
Department of Agriculture Conservation Programs , Special Reference Brief 2004-01. U.S.
Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural
Library.
This bibliography is one in a
multi-volume set developed by the Water Quality Information Center
at the National Agricultural Library in support of the U.S.
Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Conservation Effects Assessment
Project (CEAP). The bibliography is a guide to literature examining
environmental effects of USDA conservation programs. The
information is useful for assessing on-the-ground results of conservation programs
from various environmental perspectives.
Keywords: conservation
programs, environmental quality, program
evaluation, agricultural research, Conservation Reserve
Program ,
Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program, Farm Bill
Mention of trade names or
commercial products in this report is solely for the purpose of
providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or
endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
To ensure timely distribution,
this report has been reproduced essentially as supplied by the
authors. It has received minimal publication editing and
design. The authors' views are their own and do not
necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture.
The
U.S. Department of Agriculture prohibits discrimination in all its
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national
origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual
orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases
apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require
alternative means for communication of program information
(Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET
Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).
To file a complaint of
discrimination, write USDA, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W,
Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington D.C.
20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal
opportunity provider and employer.
August 2004
| Preface | 1 |
| About This Bibliography | 2 |
| Climate Change and Air Quality | 3 |
| Soil | 9 |
| Water | 21 |
| Wildlife Habitat | 35 |
| Other Environmental Effects | 75 |
| Multiple Environmental Effects | 97 |
| Subject Index | 113 |
| Author Index | 131 |
This is one in a series of bibliographies
developed by the Water Quality Information Center at the National
Agricultural Library in support of the U.S. Department of
Agriculture's Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP).
The purpose of CEAP is to study
the environmental effects of conservation practices implemented
through various U.S. Department of Agriculture conservation
programs. CEAP will evaluate conservation practices and management
systems related to nutrient, manure, and pest management; buffer
systems; tillage; irrigation and drainage practices; wetland
protection and restoration; and wildlife habitat establishment.
More information about CEAP is available at www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/nri/ceap/.
The current titles in this series are
Each of the documents, as well as bibliographies on similar topics, is accessible online from the Water Quality Information Center at www.nal.usda.gov/wqic/.
The center gratefully acknowledges the following organizations who granted permission to use their citations and/or abstracts in these bibliographies.
In
addition, support from the Natural Resources Conservation Service
for the development of these bibliographies is greatly appreciated.
Joseph R. Makuch, Ph.D.
Coordinator
Water Quality Information
Center
About This Bibliography
This bibliography is a guide to
literature examining environmental effects of U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA) conservation programs. Examples of programs
covered are the Conservation Reserve Program, Environmental Quality
Incentives Program, Wetlands Reserve Program, and Wildlife Habitat
Incentives Program. The purpose of this bibliography is to provide
an overview of various environmental outcomes resulting from
landowner participation in USDA conservation programs. This
information is useful for assessing on-the-ground results of
conservation programs from various environmental
perspectives.
There are 454 citations with
abstracts (when available) in this bibliography. Citations were
found through literature searches of the AGRICOLA database,
produced by the National Agricultural Library, and several
commercial bibliographic databases. Many relevant citations were
also found in Final
Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for the Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) ,
citation number 416. In addition, Water Quality Information
Center staff created citations for documents that were located by
various other means. Documents cited were published from 1985
through 2003 (with a few included from early 2004). URLs are
provided for online documents that are freely available. The
inclusion or omission of a particular citation does not imply
endorsement or disapproval.
Citations are grouped in these
categories: Climate Change and Air Quality, Soil, Water, Wildlife
Habitat, Other Environmental Effects, and Multiple Environmental
Effects. Within these sections, citations are arranged
alphabetically by title.
To locate information on a
specific topic, for example, conservation tillage, use the subject
index beginning on page 113. To ensure that you see all the
relevant citations for a particular topic, be sure to also look up
related terms in the subject index, for example, no till, ridge
till, etc., from the example above. An author index is also
available beginning on page 131.
To obtain a specific document,
please contact your local library. Information on how to obtain
documents from the National Agricultural Library can be found
at www.nal.usda.gov/ddsb/.
Climate Change and Air Quality
1. Assessment of Alternative Management
Practices and Policies Affecting Soil Carbon in Agroecosystems of
the Central United States.
Donigian, A. S.; Barnwell, T. O.;
Jackson, R. B.; Patwardhan, A. S.; and Weinrich, K. B.
Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency; EPA600R94067, 1994.
Notes: Contract: EPA68CO0019; Prepared in cooperation
with Computer Sciences Corp., Athens, GA. and Colorado State Univ.,
Fort Collins. Natural Resource Ecology Lab. Sponsored by
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
http://www.epa.gov/cgi-bin/claritgw?op-Display&document=clserv:ORD:0762;&rank=4&template=epa
Descriptors:
Emissions/ Ecosystems/ Mathematical
models/ Economic model/ Conservation/ Reduction/ Carbon dioxide/
Land use/ Farm crops/ Cultivation/ Yield/ Regions/ United States/
Trends/ Tables Data/ Climatic changes/ Soil properties/ Carbon/
Organic matter/ Farm management/ Air pollution and control/
Environmental pollution and control/ Agriculture and food/
Agricultural economics/ Agricultural equipment facilities and
operations/ Natural resources and earth sciences/ Soil sciences/
Medicine and biology/ Ecology/ Atmospheric
sciences/ Physical meteorology
Abstract: The goal of the U.S. EPA BIOME
Agroecosystems Assessment Project is to evaluate the degree to
which agroecosystems can be technically managed, on a sustainable
basis, to conserve and sequester carbon, reduce the accumulation of
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and provide reference datasets
and methodologies for agricultural assessment. The report provides
preliminary estimates of carbon sequestration potential for the
central United States including the Corn Belt, the Great Lakes, and
portions of the Great Plains. This study region comprises 44% of
the land area and 60% to 70% of the agricultural cropland of the
conterminous United States. The assessment methodology includes the
integration of the RAMS economic model, the Century soil carbon
model, meteorologic and soils data bases, and GIS display and
analysis capabilities in order to assess the impacts on soil carbon
of current agricultural trends and conditions, alternative tillage
practices, use of cover crops, and Conservation Reserve Program
policy.
2. Assessment of alternative soil management
practices on N2O emissions from US agriculture.
Mummey, D. L.; Smith, J. L.; and
Bluhm, G.
Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment 70
(1): 79-87. (1998)
NAL Call #:
S601 .A34; ISSN: 0167-8809
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
3. Carbon and Nitrogen Sequestration in Two
Prairie Topochronosequences on Contrasting Soils in Southern
Wisconsin.
Brye, KR and Kucharik,
CJ
American Midland
Naturalist 149 (1):
90-103. (Jan. 2003)
NAL Call #:
410 M58; ISSN: 0003-0031
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
Organic Matter Recovery/ Grassland Soils/ Cultivation/
Accumulation/ Abandonment/ Dynamics/ Storage/ Sink
Abstract: Prairie restoration has the potential to
sequester nitrogen (N) and atmospheric carbon (C) in the soil, but
the capability of a site to respond positively to prairie
restoration depends on numerous factors such as soil parent
material, topography and time. Soil bulk density in the top 10 cm
and C and N concentrations at several intervals to a depth of 1 m
were measured in a tallgrass prairie topochronosequence at fine-
and coarse-textured soil locations to evaluate the role of texture,
slope and ecosystem age in controlling C and N sequestration
following cessation of cultivation and subsequent prairie
restoration. Soil C and N concentrations, contents and C:N ratios
were significantly greater in fine-textured soils compared to sites
with coarse-textured soil. Soil texture generally did not explain
variations in the amounts or rates of C and N sequestration in the
restored prairies. Soil surface bulk density was significantly
correlated with slope, but not ecosystem age, at sites with
coarse-textured soil. Within the limits of this study, neither
slope nor ecosystem age were correlated to bulk density at sites
with fine-textured soil. Soil C content in the top 25 cm increased
significantly as ecosystem age increased for the restored and
remnant prairies at the fine-textured location, but not at the
coarse-textured location. Results demonstrate that a combination of
soil parent material, topography and time since cessation of
cultivation control the content and accumulation of C and N
following prairie restoration. In the context of this study, the
bottom line is that significant C sequestration was not achieved,
given the current level and types of restoration management, within
two and a half decades following conversion of cultivated cropland
to prairie.
© Thomson ISI
4. Carbon dynamics of the Conservation and
Wetland Reserve Programs.
Barker, J. R.; Baumgardner, G. A.;
Turner, D. P.; and Lee, J. J.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 51
(4): 340-346. (July 1996-Aug.
1996)
NAL Call #:
56.8-J822; ISSN: 0022-4561 [JSWCA3]
Descriptors:
land use/ conversion/ carbon cycle/
woodlands/ grasslands/ farmland/ afforestation/ carbon/ atmosphere/
air pollution/ greenhouse effect/ land management/ federal
programs/ forest soils/ grassland soils/ agricultural soils/
trends/ Conservation Reserve Program/ carbon sequestration/
nutrient dynamics/ carbon pools/ global carbon budget/ greenhouse
gases/
croplands/ forestlands
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
5. Climate and weather of the Great
Plains.
Wilken, G. C.
In: General Technical Report RM;
Vol. 158.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
18-20.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
weather/ climate/ northern plains
states of USA/ southern plains states of USA
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
6. Conservation practices in U.S. agriculture
and their impact on carbon sequestration.
Uri, Noel D.
Environmental Monitoring
and Assessment 70 (3):
323-344. (2001)
NAL Call #:
TD194.E5; ISSN: 0167-6369
Descriptors:
carbon: soil sequestration
practices/ Conservation Reserve Program/ United States agriculture:
conservation practices/ comprehensive effort/ conservation buffer
strips/ conservation practices: evolution/ soil
conservation:
individual, site
specific
Abstract: Increase in the use of conservation
practices by agriculture in the United States will enhance soil
organic carbon and potentially increase carbon sequestration. This,
in turn, will decrease the net emission of carbon dioxide. A number
of studies exist that calibrate the contribution of various
individual, site-specific conservation practices on changes in soil
organic carbon. There is a general absence, however, of a
comprehensive effort to measure objectively the contribution of
these practices including conservation tillage, the Conservation
Reserve Program, and conservation buffer strips to an change in
soil organic carbon. This paper fills that void. After recounting
the evolution of the use of the various conservation practices, it
is estimated that organic carbon in the soil in 1998 in the United
States attributable to these practices was about 12.2 million
metric tons. By 2008, there will be an increase of about 25%. Given
that there is a significant potential for conservation practices to
lead to an increase in carbon sequestration, there are a number of
policy options that can be pursued.
© Thomson
7. Conservation Reserve Program: Effects on
soil organic carbon and preservation when converting back to
cropland in northeastern Colorado.
Bowman, R. A. and Anderson, R.
L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 57
(2): 121-126. (2002)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
United States, Colorado/ Watershed
Management/ Agricultural Practices/ Organic Carbon/ Soil Chemistry/
Soil Conservation/ Tillage/ Crops/ Watershed protection
Abstract: Information on the potential for carbon
sequestration from the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and
knowledge concerning the fate of accrued carbon on sod takeout and
recropping to a wheat-based rotation are essential. We conducted
two separate field studies in northeastern Colorado to quantify the
soil organic carbon (SOC) changes after various amounts of time in
the CRP program, and to assess problems associated with converting
CRP grass to cropland and the potential for loss of accrued SOC
with different tillage systems. For our first objective, we
assessed six CRP sites, with three sites showing increased SOC
content over the adjacent winter wheat/summer fallow sites, and
three sites showing no differences. In the conversion study,
systems with little or no tillage yielded more winter wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) grain than systems with tillage because of
more available soil water at planting time. Furthermore, SOC loss
was less with no-till and reduced-till (herbicides plus one
tillage) systems than by conventional tillage with numerous sweep
plow operations. Thus, NT and reduced-till systems designed to
control perennial CRP grasses will enable producers to maintain
some of the gains in SOC when CRP land is converted to
cropland.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
8. Considering offsite wind erosion benefits
in the decision to implement soil conservation practices: An
example using the Conservation Reserve Program.
Piper, S.
Applied Agricultural
Research 5 (3): 153-158.
maps. (Summer 1990)
NAL Call #:
S539.5.A77; ISSN: 0179-0374 [AAREEZ]
Descriptors:
wind erosion/ decision making/ soil
conservation/ cost benefit analysis/ public expenditure/ social
benefits/ program effectiveness/ United States/ offsite benefits/
onsite benefits
Abstract: Wind erosion in the western United States
results in substantial offsite and onsite damages. These damages
can be reduced by implementing soil conservation measures to
decrease the level of wind erosion on agricultural land. Soil
conservation decisions by farmers are based primarily on the amount
of onsite benefits possible from erosion control. However, both
onsite and offsite benefits must be considered in order to attain a
socially desirable level of soil conservation. Estimates of the
offsite and onsite benefits from the Conservation Reserve Program
indicate that excluding offsite benefits from the soil conservation
decision results in a substantially lower than socially desirable
level of soil conservation.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
9. CRP and microbial biomass dynamics in
temperate climates.
Follett, R. F.
In: Management of carbon
sequestration in soil/
Lal, R.; Kimble, J. M.; Follet, R.
F.; and Stewart, B. A.; Series: Advances in soil
science.
Boca Ration, Fla.: CRC Press,
1998; pp. 305-322.
Notes: ISBN: 0849374421; Paper presented at the
symposium "Carbon sequestration in soils,"
held July, 1996, The Ohio State
University
NAL Call #: S592.6.C35M35-1998
Descriptors:
soil flora/ biomass/ soil/ quality/
land use/ soil management/ federal programs/ soil conservation/
Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
10. The CRP increases soil organic
carbon.
Gebhart, D. L.; Johnson, H. B.;
Mayeux, H. S.; and Polley, H. W.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 49
(5): 488-492. (1994)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
soil conservation/ soil organic
matter/ carbon/ cropland/ pastures/ land use/ cultivated lands/
organic carbon/ crops/ Watershed protection/ Land pollution/
Conservation
Abstract: The land use change from cropland to
perennial grass cover associated with the Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) may sequester atmospheric CO sub(2) back into the
soil carbon pool, thereby changing formerly cultivated soils from
sources to sinks for atmospheric carbon. To evaluate the effect of
CRP on soil organic carbon (SOC) levels, samples from adjacent
cropland, native pasture, and five year old CRP sites in Texas,
Kansas, and Nebraska were analyzed. Across all locations, SOC
levels for cropland, CRP, and native pasture were 59.2, 65.1, and
90.8 metric tons C/ha in the surface 300 cm, respectively. CRP
lands gained an average of 1.1 tons C/ha/yr suggesting that the 17
million hectares of land enrolled in CRP may have the potential to
sequester about 45% of the 38.1 million tons of carbon released
annually into the atmosphere from U.S. agriculture. These findings
illustrate that agricultural CO sub(2) emissions may be effectively
controlled through changes in land use and management
systems.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
11. Evaluating the environmental effects of
agricultural policy: The soil bank, the CRP, and airborne
particulate concentrations.
Ringquist, R. J.; Lee, J.; and
Ervin, R. T.
Policy Studies
Journal 23: 519-533. (Fall
1995); ISSN:
0190-292X
Descriptors:
United States---Environmental
policy/ Air pollution---United States/ Agriculture---United
States---Legislation/ Soil conservation---United States
Legislation/ United States---Agricultural policy---Legislation/
Soil erosion---Environmental aspects/ Agriculture---Environmental
aspects
Abstract: Finds significant improvement in air
quality as a result of soil conservation provisions of the 1985 and
1990 Farm bills; some focus on the 1985 Conservation Reserve
program; US. Analysis of reduction in air-borne dust in the
Southern High Plains region.
© 2004 PAIS, published by OCLC
Public Affairs Information Service
12. Forest carbon sinks: Costs and effects of
expanding the Conservation Reserve Program.
Parks, P. J. and Hardie, I.
W.
Choices 11 (2): 37-39. (1996)
NAL Call #:
HD1751.C45; ISSN: 0886-5558
Descriptors:
forests/ carbon/ federal programs/
program participants/ farmland/ land diversion/
United States/ carbon
emission
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
13. Land management effects on nitrogen and
carbon cycling in an Ultisol.
Torbert, H. A.; Prior, S. A.; and
Reeves, D. W.
Communications in Soil
Science and Plant Analysis 30 (9/10): 1345-1359. (1999)
NAL Call #:
S590.C63; ISSN: 0010-3624 [CSOSA2]
Descriptors:
ultisols / nitrogen cycle/ carbon
cycle/ land management/ soil fertility/ tillage/ conservation
tillage/ cover crops/ fallow systems/ cropping systems/ gossypium
hirsutum/ triticum aestivum/ pinus taeda/ Alabama
Abstract: Soil carbon (C) content in agro-systems
is important in a global context because of the potential for soil
to act as a sink for atmospheric CO(2). However, soil C storage in
agro-ecosystems can be sensitive to land management practices. The
objective of this study was to examine the impact of land
management systems on C and nitrogen (N) cycling in an Ultisol in
Alabama. Soil samples (0-10,10-20, and 20-30 cm depths) were
collected from a Marvyn sandy loam soil (fine-loamy, siliceous,
thermic Typic Hapludults) under five different farm scale
management systems for at least 5 years. The five systems were
cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production managed with 1)
conventional tillage only, 2) conventional tillage with a grazed
winter cover crop (wheat, Triticum aestivum L.), 3) conservation
tillage with a winter cover crop grown for cover only with strip
tillage; or taken out of cotton production with either 4)
long-term-fallow (mowed), or 5) Conservation Reserve Program with
loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) (CRP-pine). Total N, total organic C
(TOC), total P, and soil C:N ratios were determined. Potential C
mineralization, N mineralization, C turnover and C:N mineralization
ratios were determined on samples during a 30-day laboratory
incubation study. The fallow system had significantly higher TOC
concentration (7.7 g kg(-1) C) while the CRP-pine system had lower
TOC concentration (3.1 g kg(-1) C) compared with the farmed
management systems (approximately equal to 4.7 g kg(-1) C). The
fallow system had a significantly lower C turnover at all three
soil depths compared with the other management systems. At the 0-10
cm depth, the highest C:N mineralization ratio levels were observed
in management systems receiving the most tillage. Our results
indicate that for Ultisols in the Southeast the use of surface
tillage in land management systems is a controlling factor which
may limit soil C sequestration.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
14. National-Scale Estimation of Changes in
Soil Carbon Stocks on Agricultural Lands.
Eve, MD; Sperow, M; Paustian, K;
and Follett, RF
Environmental
Pollution 116 (3): 431-438.
(2002)
NAL Call #:
QH545.A1E52; ISSN: 0269-7491
Descriptors:
Carbon Sequestration/ Global
Change/ Land Use Change/ IPCC Inventory/ Carbon Dioxide (CO2) /
Greenhouse Gas/ Conservation Tillage/ Organic Carbon/
Sequestration/ Resources/ Dynamics/ Matter/ Sinks
Abstract: Average annual net change in soil carbon
stocks under past and current management is needed as part of
national reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and to evaluate the
potential for soils as sinks to mitigate increasing atmospheric
CO2. We estimated net soil C stock changes for US agricultural
soils during the period from 1982 to 1997 using the IPCC
(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) method for greenhouse
gas inventories. Land use data from the NRI (National Resources
Inventory; USDA-NRCS) were used as input along with ancillary data
sets on climate, soils, and agricultural management. Our results
show that, overall, changes in land use and agricultural management
have resulted in a net gain of 21.2 MMT C year(-1) in US
agricultural soils during this period. Cropped lands account for
15.1 MMT C year(- 1), while grazing land soil C increased 6.1 MMT C
year(-1). The land use and management changes that have contributed
the most to increasing soil C during this period are (1) adoption
of conservation tillage practices on cropland, (2) enrollment of
cropland in the Conservation Reserve Program, and (3) cropping
intensification that has resulted in reduced use of bare fallow.
(C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
© Thomson ISI
15. Potential carbon benefits of the
Conservation Reserve Program in the United States.
Barker, J. R.; Baumgardner, G. A.;
Turner, D. P.; and Lee, J. J.
Journal of
Biogeography 22 (4-5):
743-751. (1995)
NAL Call #:
QH1.J62; ISSN: 0305-0270.
Notes: Conference: 1. GCTE Science Conference, Woods
Hole, MA (USA), 23-27 May 1994
Descriptors:
USA/ carbon sinks/ land
improvement/ vegetation changes/ climatic changes/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ Conservation
Abstract: Three scenarios of the Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) were simulated to project carbon (C) pools
and fluxes of associated grassland and forestland for the years
1986-2035; and to evaluate the potential to offset greenhouse gas
emissions through C sequestration. The approach was to link
land-area enrolments with grassland and forestland C densities to
simulate C pools and fluxes over 50 years. The CRP began in 1986
and by 1996 consisted of 16.2 x 10 super(6) ha cropland converted
to 14.7 x 10 super(6) ha grassland and of 1.5 x 10 super(6) ha
forestland. The CRP1 simulated the likely outcome of the CRP as
contracts expire in 1996 with the anticipated return of 8.7 x 10
super(6) ha grassland and of 0.4 x 10 super(6) ha forestland to
crop production. The CRP2 assumed that the CRP continues with no
land returning to crop production. The CRP3 was an expansion of the
CRP2 to include afforestation of 4 x 10 super(6) ha new land.
Average net annual C gains for the years 1996-2005 were < 1, 12,
and 16 TgC yr super(-1) for CRP1, CRP2, and CRP3, respectively.
Afforestation of marginal cropland as simulated under CRP3 could
provide approximately 15% of the C offset needed to attain the
Climate Change Action Plan of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to
their 1990 level by the year 2000 within the United
States.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
16. Soil carbon sequestration and the
greenhouse effect: Proceedings of a symposium, 90th Annual
Meeting.
Lal, R.
Madison, WI: Soil Science Society
of America; xvii, 236. (2001)
Notes: Meeting held 18-22 October 1998 at Baltimore,
MD.; ISBN:
0-89118-836-3
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
17. Soil Change and Carbon Storage in Longleaf
Pine Stands Planted on Marginal Agricultural Lands.
Markewitz, D; Sartori, F; and
Craft, C
Ecological
Applications 12 (5):
1276-1285. (Oct. 2002)
NAL Call #:
QH540.E23; ISSN: 1051-0761
Descriptors:
Carbon Storage/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ Longleaf Pine/ Marginal Agricultural Lands/ Soil
Cations/ Soil Change/ Soil Nitrogen/ Soil Phosphorus/ Wiregrass
Savannas/ Ecosystem Function/ Loblolly Pine/ 3 Decades Forest/
Sequestration/ Patterns/ Turnover
Abstract: An increasing area of marginal
agricultural land in the coastal plain of the southeastern United
States is being planted to longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.).
This chronosequence study in southern Georgia evaluated the effect
of pine planting and the associated cessation of agricultural
activity such as tillage and fertilization on soil C storage and
soil nutrient stocks. Soils are Arenic or Typic Kandiudults with
coarse- textured surface soils. Soil C, nutrients, and bulk density
from 0 to 50 cm in planted stands 1, 3, 7, and 14 yr old, as well
as soils beneath natural longleaf pine stands that were in a never
tilled (NT) condition, were evaluated (n = 3 per stand age). No
accumulation of soil C was apparent during the first 14 yr of pine
growth. The average content of soil C in planted stands (11 +/- 1
Mg/ha; mean +/- 1 SE) was similar to 16 Mg/ha less than that in the
NT soils (27 +/- 4 Mg/ha). Soil total N content within planted
stands also did not differ by age, although extractable NO,
declined rapidly. Despite agricultural N inputs, the mean N content
of planted stands (410 +/- 83 Mg/ha) was below that in NT stands
(730 +/- 21 Mg/ha). Total P (1507 +/- 21 Mg/ha) and extractable P
(113 -_ 21 Mg/ha) contents also did not differ between planted
stands but had highly elevated values compared to total P (728 -_
38 Mg/ha) and extractable P (2 +/- 1 Mg/ha) for NT soils. Soil
exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K had generally decreasing contents with
stand age but varying patterns related to NT soils. During the
first 14 yr of reforestation, soils did not sequester C. Carbon
benefits may be gained, however, in above-ground and belowground
biomass accumulation and through the cessation of high
energy-consumptive activities such as fertilization or tillage.
Enhanced P fertility on these marginal lands can improve pine
growth, but only if other elements such as N are not limiting to
growth.
© Thomson ISI
18. Soil management concepts and carbon
sequestration in cropland soils.
Follett, R. F.
Soil and Tillage
Research 61 (1/2): 77-92.
(2001)
NAL Call #:
S590.S48; ISSN: 0167-1987
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
19. Statistical Assessment of a Paired-Site
Approach for Verification of Carbon and Nitrogen Sequestration on
Wisconsin Conservation Reserve Program Land.
Kucharik, CJ; Roth, JA; and
Nabielski, RT
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 58 (1): 58-67.
(Jan. 2003-Feb. 2003)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
Agricultural Land Management/
Carbon Sequestration / CRP/ Soil Organic Matter/ Wisconsin/ Organic
Matter Recovery/ Particle Size Analysis/ Soil Carbon/ Quality/
Switchgrass/ Management/ Grassland/ Storage/ Fields/
Bulk
Abstract: The threat of global climate change has
provoked policy-makers to consider plausible strategies to slow the
accumulation of greenhouse gases-especially carbon dioxide (CO2)-in
the atmosphere. One such idea involves the sequestration of
atmospheric carbon (C) in degraded agricultural soils as part of
the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). While the potential for
significant C sequestration in CRP grassland ecosystems has been
demonstrated, the paired-site sampling approach traditionally used
to quantify soil C changes has not been evaluated with robust
statistical analysis. In this study, 14 paired CRP (> 8 years
old) and cropland sites in Dane County, Wisconsin, were used to
assess whether a paired-site sampling design could detect
statistically significant differences (ANOVA) in mean soil organic
C and total nitrogen (N) storage. We compared 0 to 10 cm (0 to 3.9
in) bulk density and sampled soils (0 to 5 cm, 5 to 10 cm, and 10
to 25 cm [0 to 2 in, 2 to 3.9 in, and 3.9 to 9.8 in]) for textural
differences and chemical analysis of organic matter (OM), soil
organic C (SOC), total N, and pH. The CRP contributed to reducing
soil bulk density by 13% (p < 0.001) and increased SOC and OM
storage (kg m(-2) [lb ft(-2)]) by 13% to 17% in the 0 to 5 cm (2
in) layer (p = 0.1). We tested the statistical power associated
with ANOVA for measured soil properties and calculated minimum
detectable differences (MDD). We concluded that 40 to 65 paired
sites and soil sampling in 5 cm (2 in) increments near the surface
were needed to achieve an 80% confidence level (a = 0.05;
β = 0.20) in soil C and N sequestration rates. Because
soil C and total N storage was highly variable among these sites
(CVs > 20%), only a 23% to 29% change in existing total organic
C and N pools could be reliably detected. While C and N
sequestration (247 kg C ha(-1) yr(-1) and 17 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)
[220 lb C ac(-1) and 15 lb N ac(-1)]) may be occurring and confined
to the surface 5 cm (2 in) as part of the Wisconsin CRP, our
sampling design did not statistically support the desired 80%
confidence level. We conclude that usage of statistical power
analysis is essential to insure a high level of confidence in soil
C and N sequestration rates that are quantified using paired
plots.
© Thomson ISI
20. Uncertainty in estimating land use and
management impacts on soil organic carbon storage for US
agricultural lands between 1982 and 1997.
Ogle, S. M.; Breidt, F. J.; Eve,
M. D.; and Paustian, K.
Global Change
Biology 9 (11): 1521-1542.
(2003)
NAL Call #:
QC981.8.C5G6323; ISSN: 1354-1013.
Notes: Number of References: 143;
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing
Ltd
Descriptors:
Environment/ Ecology/
agroecosystems/ carbon sequestration/ greenhouse gas mitigation/
IPCC/ land use change/ uncertainty analysis/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ fine sandy loam/ cultivated grassland soils/ Carbon 13
natural abundance/ fallow tillage systems/ long term tillage/
southwestern Saskatchewan/ crop rotations/ great plains/ nitrogen
fertilization
Abstract: Uncertainty was quantified for an
inventory estimating change in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage
resulting from modifications in land use and management across US
agricultural lands between 1982 and 1997. This inventory was
conducted using a modified version of a carbon (C) accounting
method developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC). Probability density functions (PDFs) were derived for each
input to the IPCC model, including reference SOC stocks, land
use/management activity data, and management factors. Change in C
storage was estimated using a Monte-Carlo approach with 50 000
iterations, by randomly selecting values from the PDFs after
accounting for dependencies in the model inputs. Over the inventory
period, mineral soils had a net gain of 10.8 Tg C yr(-1), with a
95% confidence interval ranging from 6.5 to 15.3 Tg C yr(-1). Most
of this gain was due to setting-aside lands in the Conservation
Reserve Program. In contrast, managed organic soils lost 9.4 Tg C
yr(-1), with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 6.4 to 13.3 Tg
C yr(-1). Combining these gains and losses in SOC, US agricultural
soils accrued 1.3 Tg C yr(-1) due to land use and management
change, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from a loss of 4.4
Tg C yr(-1) to a gain of 6.9 Tg C yr(-1). Most of the uncertainty
was attributed to management factors for tillage, land use change
between cultivated and uncultivated conditions, and C loss rates
from managed organic soils. Based on the uncertainty, we are not
able to conclude with 95% confidence that change in US agricultural
land use and management between 1982 and 1997 created a net C sink
for atmospheric CO2.
© Thomson ISI
21. Agricultural sedimentation impacts on
lakeside property values.
Bejranonda, S.; Hitzhusen, F. J.;
and Hite, D.
Agricultural and Resource
Economics Review 28
(2): 208-218. (1999)
NAL Call #:
HD1773.A2N6; ISSN: 1068-2805
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
22. Agriculture and dynamics of soil erosion
in the United States.
Uri, Noel D and Lewis, James
A
Journal of Sustainable
Agriculture 14 (3): 63-82.
(1999)
NAL Call #:
S494.5.S86S8; ISSN: 1044-0046
Descriptors:
Soil erosion---United States/ Soil
conservation---United States/ United States---Agricultural
policy---Environmental aspects/ Agriculture---Environmental
aspects/ United States---Environmental policy
Abstract: Examines soil conservation programs'
effectiveness in reducing erosion; educational, technical and
financial assistance, research and development, land retirement,
regulation, tax, and incentives policies meant to affect production
practices adoption. Some focus on the Food Security Act of 1985,
the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act (FAIR) of 1996,
and the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP).
© 2004 PAIS, published by OCLC
Public Affairs Information Service
23. Assessment of soil quality in Conservation
Reserve Program and wheat-fallow soils.
Staben, M. L.; Bezdicek, D. F.;
Smith, J. L.; and Fauci, M. F.
Soil Science Society of
America Journal 61
(1): 124-130. (1997)
NAL Call #:
56.9-So3; ISSN: 0361-5995 [SSSJD4]
Descriptors:
soil/ quality/ assessment/ land
use/ land diversion/ grassland soils/ agricultural soils/ wheat
soils/ soil organic matter/ carbon/ nitrogen content/ carbon
nitrogen ratio/ soil flora/ soil fauna/ biomass/ soil enzymes/
enzyme activity/ soil ph/ mineralization/ respiration/ soil
management/ Washington/ soil respiration
Abstract: Chemical and microbial aspects of soil
quality are an important consideration when evaluating the benefits
of soil conservation efforts such as the Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the
quality of CRP and wheat-fallow (W-F) soils using soil biological
and chemical parameters and C and N mineralization processes. The
study was conducted on 20 CRP/W-F paired sites in eastern
Washington, on Ritzville silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic
Calciorthidic Haploxerolls). Soils collected from the paired fields
were analyzed for chemical and biological parameters that have been
suggested as indicators of soil quality. Potential enzyme
activities and soil N were higher in the CRP soil than the W-F
soil. Although there were no significant differences in total
organic carbon (TOC) or microbial biomass carbon (MBC) the C
mineralization potentials and C pools were significantly different
between the CRP and W-F soils. Soil biota measurements showed there
was greater active bacterial biomass in the CRP soil but greater
fungal-feeding nematodes, flagellates, and amoebae in the W-F soil.
The C mineralization study suggests that there is a significant
increase in the secondary C pool of the CRP soil, which may
indicate a buildup of higher quality soil organic matter and the
potential for higher enzyme levels. When grass or straw was added
to each soil type, the W-F soil produced more CO2 with either
substrate than the CRP soil, indicating C limiting conditions in
the W-F soil. Since it is unknown what constitutes good soil
quality, these shifts in chemical and biological parameters may
seem subtle. However, in general, trends in the data indicated that
soil quality in the CRP was improved after 4 to 7 yr, compared with
its previous management in W-F cropland.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
24. Assessment of soil quality in fields with
short and long term enrollment in the CRP.
Baer, S. G.; Rice, C. W.; and
Blair, J. M.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 55
(2): 142-146. (2000)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
25. Comparing performance of the 1985 and the
1990 Conservation Reserve Programs in the West.
Young, D.; Bechtel, A.; and
Coupal, R.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 49
(5): 484-487. (1994)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
soil conservation/ government
supports/ cropland/ cost analysis/ environmental effects/ policy
making/ soil management/ Western/ erosion control/ government
programs/ economics/ environmental impact/ United States/ Watershed
protection/ Environmental action/ Conservation/ United
States
Abstract: Despite its widespread popularity, the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) has been criticized for its cost
ineffectiveness in achieving soil conservation goals. The objective
of this study was to compare how the more targeted revision of the
CRP in the 1990 Farm Bill compares with the 1985 Farm Bill CRP in
concentrating enrollment in highly erodible western U.S. counties.
Correlations between CRP enrollment and erodibility for counties in
California, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington show that the 1990 CRP
has been more successful than the 1985 CRP in concentrating
enrollment in erodible counties. Fixed bid caps in the 1985 CRP
often directed enrollment to counties with lower productivity and
modest erodibility, which reduced cost-effectiveness. While the
1990 reforms appear to have improved the targeting of the CRP, the
1 million ha (2.3 million ac) 1990 CRP is small in terms of
economic and environmental impact compared to the 14 million ha (34
million ac) 1985 CRP.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
26. Conservation Reserve Program effects on
soil quality indicators.
Karlen, D. L.; Rosek, M. J.;
Gardner, J. C.; Allan, D. L.; Alms, M. J.; Bezdicek, D. F.; Flock,
M.; Huggins, D. R.; Miller, B. S.; and Staben, M. L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 54
(1): 439-444. (1999)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ Regional conservation programs/ Iowa/
Minnesota/
North Dakota/
Washington
Abstract: Reviewed soil data from areas in the U.S.
for their responses to the CRP and whether the soil quality
indicators currently used are an accurate measure of ecosystem
responses to CRP.
27. Cost effectiveness and equity aspects of
soil conservation programs in a highly erodible region.
Young, D. L.; Walker, D. J.; and
Kanjo, P. L.
American Journal of
Agricultural Economics 73 (4): 1053-1062. (Nov. 1991)
NAL Call #:
280.8-J822; ISSN: 0002-9092
Descriptors:
erosion/ soil conservation/ cost
effectiveness analysis/ federal programs/ farmers/ agricultural
regions/ economic impact/ social costs/ profits/ integer
programming/ program participants/ Washington/ food security act of
1985/ distribution of costs/ taxpayers mixed integer programming
models/ Whitman County, Washington
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve (CRP) and
Conservation Compliance Programs could divide the soil conservation
burden between farmers and taxpayers. In a highly erodible
southeastern Washington region, however, a uniform region-wide CRP
bid cap and relaxed compliance requirements resulted in little or
no projected burden for farmers in arid, less productive
subregions. In contrast, farmers in a more productive subregion
were projected to bear 50% or more of the costs of soil
conservation. The projected government cost per ton of soil
conserved also increased threefold from the most to the least
productive subregion.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
28. Earthworm (Lumbricidae) survey of North
Dakota fields placed in the U.S. Conservation Reserve
Program.
Deibert, E. J. and Utter, R.
A.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 58
(1): 39-45. (2003); ISSN: 0022-4561
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
29. Effects of long-term cropping on chemical
aspects of soil quality.
Eck, H. V. and Stewart, B.
A.
Journal of Sustainable
Agriculture 12
(2/3): 5-20. (1998)
NAL Call #:
S494.5.S86S8; ISSN: 1044-0046
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
30. Enzyme activities in semiarid soils under
Conservation Reserve Program, native rangeland, and
cropland.
Acosta-Martinez, V.; Klose, S.;
and Zobeck, T. M.
Journal of Plant Nutrition
and Soil Science / Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenernahrung und
Bodenkunde 166 (6):
699-707. (2003)
NAL Call #:
384 Z343A; ISSN: 1436-8730.
Notes: Number of References: 39;
Publisher: Wiley-V C H Verlag
Gmbh
Descriptors:
Agriculture/ Agronomy/ specific
enzyme activities/ arylamidase activity/ beta glucosaminidase
activity/ crop rotations/ cotton/ sunflowers/ beta glucosaminidase
activity / microbial biomass/ residue management/ cropping systems/
arylamidase activity/ organic matter/ chloroform fumigation/ cotton
yield/ tillage/ nitrogen
Abstract: There is limited knowledge of biochemical
processes in low carbon content soils of semiarid regions under
different land use and management. This study investigated several
enzyme activities of C, N, P, and S transformations in semiarid
soils with different clay (10-21 %) and sand (59-85%) contents that
were under Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), native rangeland
(NR), and cropland (CL) under sunflowers (Eriophyllum ambiguum
(Gray)), continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), or in rotations
with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
in West Texas, USA. Soils under CRP and NR showed higher total C
and N contents than cultivated soils under continuous cotton, but
soil pH (6.7-8.4) was not affected by the management or land use
studied. The activities of beta-glucosidase, beta-glucosaminidase,
arylamidase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, and
arylsulfatase (mg product (kg soil)(-1) h(-1)) were lower in CL
under continuous cotton compared to cotton in rotation with other
crops, CRP, and NR. The enzyme activities were also lower when
compared to soils from other regions. Linear regression analyses
indicated positive correlations between enzyme activities and total
C
(r values up to 0.96, P <
0.01). There was a positive relationship between enzyme activities
and total N, but soil pH showed the opposite trend. Enzyme
activities were significantly intercorrelated with r values up to
0.98 (P < 0.001). The specific enzyme activities (mg product (g
organic C)(-1)) were lower in continuous cotton in comparison to
the uncultivated soils (i.e., NR and CRP) reflecting differences in
organic matter quantity and quality due to cultivation. Among the
enzymes studied, the specific activities of beta-glucosidase and
arylamidase showed a more pronounced decrease with increasing soil
depth. In general, soils under CRP or wheat-cotton rotations
revealed higher enzyme activities than soils under the common
agricultural practice for these regions, i.e., continuous cotton
under conventional tillage.
© Thomson ISI
31. Erosion estimates and the effects of land
use changes on soil savings estimates--Insights from the 1992
National Resources Inventory: Benefits.
Kellogg, R. L. and Wallace,
S.
In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual
Meeting of the Soil and Water Conservation Society. (Held 7-9 Aug, 1995 at Des Moines,
Iowa.); pp. 37-38; 1995.
Descriptors:
USA/ natural resources/ erosion
rates/ cropland/ wind erosion/ land use/ sheet erosion/ rill
erosion/ soil conservation/ 1992 National Resources Inventory/
Conservation Reserve Program/ Erosion and sedimentation
Abstract: The 1992 National Resources
Inventory shows that average erosion rates on cropland fell
dramatically during the 10-year period from 1982 to 1992. The sheet
and rill erosion rate fell from an average of 4.1 tons per acre per
year on 421 million acres of cropland in 1982 to 3.1 tons per acre
per year on 382 million acres of cropland in 1992. At the same
time, the average rate of wind erosion fell from 3.3 tons per acre
per year to 2.4 tons per acre per year. The combined wind and water
erosion rate reduction translates to a saving of nearly 1 billion
tons of soil per year, with approximately equal savings arising
from reductions in sheet and rill erosion rates and wind erosion
rates. Of this, about 395 million tons per year is due to the
enrollment of land in the Conservation Reserve Program, 529 million
tons per year is due to improved conservation practices on
croplands acres, 158 million tons per year is due to conversion of
cropland to other uses (such as developed land, pastureland, etc.).
These savings are offset to some extent by an increase in erosion
of 102 million tons per year on noncropland in 1982 converted to
cropland by 1992. The paper includes a detailed breakdown of these
soil savings estimates for eight major field crops-corn, cotton,
soybeans, wheat, potatoes, sorghum, barley, and rice.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (CSA)
32. Erosion potential of a Torrertic
Paleustoll after converting Conservation Reserve Program grassland
to cropland.
Unger, P. W.
Soil Science Society of
America Journal 63
(6): 1795-1801. (1999)
NAL Call #:
56.9-So3; ISSN: 0361-5995 [SSSJD4]
Descriptors:
mollisols/ clay loam soils/ wind
erosion/ water erosion/ erodibility/ grassland soils/ land use/
conversion/ tillage/ soil management/ grasses/ plant residues/
Texas/ grass management
Abstract: Extensive cropland areas were covered by
the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) in the semiarid southern
Great Plains. Because soils were highly erodible, would erosion
again become a problem when CRP land was converted to cropland? The
erosion potential due to tillage methods used to convert CRP
grassland to cropland was determined on Pullman clay loam
(Torrertic Paleustoll). Tillage methods were no-, sweep, disk, and
moldboard + disk tillage with CRP grass retained or removed (mowing
and baling), and grass burning followed by sweep or disk tillage.
Wind erosion potential was based on percentage of > 0.84-mm
diam. and mean weight diameter (MWD) of dry aggregates at 2 to 3 yr
after converting to cropland. Water erosion potential was based on
MWD and percentage of < 0.25-mm water-stable aggregates, and
water stability of 1-to 2-mm aggregates at crop planting and
harvest. Few differences due to tillage methods were significant.
For dry aggregates, more than 60% were > 0.84-mm diam. and MWD
was >10 mm with all tillage methods, indicating a low wind
erosion potential. Wet aggregate stability and MWD values at some
sampling times indicated water erosion could occur. Although
erosion potential was low, continued use of residue-incorporating
tillage could lead to greater potentials. Because of initially low
potentials, CRP land on Pullman and similar soils could be
converted to cropland by any tillage method. Then, a conservation
tillage system (e.g., no-tillage) could be implemented before
erosion by wind or water became a serious problem.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
33. Establishment of range plants in the
northern Great Plains.
Reis, R. E.; White, R. S.; and
Lorenz, R. J.
In: General Technical Report
RM.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
29-34.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
resource conservation/ soil
conservation/ legislation/ replanting/ northern plains states of
USA/ food security act of 1985/ Conservation Reserve
Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
34. Evaluating Agricultural Nonpoint-Source
Pollution Programs in Two Lake Erie Tributaries.
Forster, D. L. and Rausch, J.
N.
Journal of Environmental
Quality 31 (1): 24-31. (2002)
NAL Call #:
QH540.J6; ISSN: 0047-2425
Descriptors:
Economics/ Agriculture/ Nonpoint
pollution/ Soil erosion/ Water pollution control/ Water
conservation/ Government programs/ tributaries/ Costs/ Performance
assessment/ Governments/ Erosion control/ Pollution control/
Agricultural pollution/ North America, Erie L/ United States,
Maumee River/ United States, Ohio, Sandusky River/ Agricultural
Watersheds/ Nonpoint Pollution Sources/ Best Management Practices/
Government Supports/ Expenditures/ Economic Evaluation/ Economic
Efficiency/ Catchment areas/ Erosion/ Pollution (Nonpoint sources)/
United States, Erie L/ United States, Ohio, Sandusky River/ United
States, Ohio, Maumee River/ Environmental action/ Prevention and
control/ Watershed protection/ Water Quality/ Water Pollution:
Monitoring, Control & Remediation/ Water quality
control
Abstract: During the past three decades, numerous
government programs have encouraged Lake Erie basin farmers to
adopt practices that reduce water pollution. The first section of
this paper summarizes these state and federal government
agricultural pollution abatement programs in watersheds of two
prominent Lake Erie tributaries, the Maumee River and Sandusky
River. Expenditures are summarized for each program, total
expenditures in each county are estimated, and cost effectiveness
of program expenditures (i.e., cost per metric ton of soil saved)
are analyzed. Farmers received nearly $143 million as incentive
payments to implement agricultural nonpoint source pollution
abatement programs in the Maumee and Sandusky River watersheds from
1987 to 1997. About 95% of these funds was from federal sources. On
average, these payments totaled about $7000 per farm or about $30
per farm acre (annualized equivalent of $2 per acre) within the
watersheds. Our analysis raises questions about how efficiently
these incentive payments were allocated. The majority of
Agricultural Conservation Program (ACP) funds appear to have been
spent on less cost-effective practices. Also, geographic areas with
relatively low (high) soil erosion rates received relatively large
(small) funding.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
35. An ex post evaluation of the conservation
reserve, federal crop insurance, and other government programs:
Program participation and soil erosion.
Goodwin, B. K. and Smith, V.
H.
Journal of Agricultural and
Resource Economics
28 (2): 201-216. (2003)
NAL Call #:
HD1750.W4; ISSN: 0162-1912
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
36. Impacts of tillage and no-till on
production of maize and soybean on an eroded Illinois silt loam
soil.
Hussain, I.; Olson, K. R.; and
Ebelhar, S. A.
Soil and Tillage
Research 52 (1/2): 37-49.
(1999)
NAL Call #:
S590.S48; ISSN: 0167-1987
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
37. Integrated dryland crop and livestock
production systems on the Great Plains: Extent and
outlook.
Krall, J. M. and Schuman, G.
E.
Journal of Production
Agriculture 9 (2):
187-191. (Apr. 1996-June 1996)
NAL Call #:
S539.5.J68; ISSN: 0890-8524 [JPRAEN].
Notes: Paper presented at the symposium "Cropping
Systems of the Great Plains" held during the ASA-CSSA-SSSA annual
meetings 1994, Seattle.
Includes references.
Descriptors:
dry farming/ sustainability/
farming systems/ integrated systems/ livestock farming/ crop
production/ land use/ censuses/ trends/ environmental impact/ soil
organic matter/ farm management/ soil fertility/ great plains
states of USA
Abstract: Soil organic carbon levels have declined
24 to 60% on many Great Plains soils since initial cultivation.
Integrated crop and livestock systems could help reverse this
trend, therefore we examined the extent of use, the factors
affecting use, and the potential for this system. The 1992 U.S.
Department of Commerce data indicate that land in integrated
systems is limited to less than 10% of the agricultural land.
However, expiration of the USDA Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
has created interest in integrated systems. Economists report that
after CRP contracts expire, perennial forages and livestock systems
may be the most profitable; however, a survey of growers indicates
that 63% of all CRP acres will go back to crop production. Recent
research in Wyoming shows that returning CRP land to production
using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow practices quickly
degrades soil quality. A doubling of grazing fees would mean an 18%
reduction in demand for public land, which could mean more options
for CRP acreage after contract expiration. Exemplified successful
systems are the Australia wheat-sheep (Ovis aries L.) system,
perennial legume-wheat rotation in southern Alberta, grass
community establishment on marginal Wyoming cropland, and an
alternative (organic) farming system in South Dakota. Benefits
include the opportunity for soil quality improvement, economic
diversity, and pest control. However, tradition, lack of managerial
experience, and necessary alteration in farm-ranch infrastructure
may slow adoption. Generally, dryland integrated systems are
agriclimatic zone specific, and represent a potential ecologically
and economically sustainable form of agriculture. Scientists and
producers have to identify and develop appropriate integrated
systems that fit the natural resource base.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
38. Land use biodiversity index as a soil
quality indicator.
Bloodworth H; Sobecki T; and
Santen E van.
In: Making conservation tillage
conventional: Building a future on 25 years of research --
Proceedings of 25th Annual Southern Conservation Tillage Conference
for Sustainable Agriculture. (Held 24 Jun 2002-26 Jun 2002 at Auburn,
AL.); pp. 219-221; 2002.
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
39. Land-use management using a soil survey
geographic database for Finney County, Kansas.
Wu, J.; Ransom, M. D.;
Kluitenberg, G. J.;
Nellis, M. D.; and Seyler, H.
L.
Soil Science Society of
America Journal 65
(1): 169-177. (2001)
NAL Call #:
56.9-So3; ISSN: 0361-5995 [SSSJD4]
Descriptors:
land use / geographical information
systems/ databases/ soil surveys/ land management/ land use
planning/ aquifers/ thickness/ land banks/ remote sensing/
satellite imagery/ fallow/ grasslands/ physiographic features/ soil
organic matter/ soil texture/ surface layers / ground cover/
agricultural land/ crop production/ triticum aestivum/ sorghum
bicolor/ zea mays/ medicago sativa/ horizons/ irrigated farming/
maps/ Kansas/ Conservation Reserve Program/ land cover/ land
use/
land cover maps
Abstract: The determination of best management
practices for land resources is often complicated by the lack of a
means for evaluation and lack of quality data. Soil surveys are an
important source of data that can be used to improve farm and ranch
planning and environmental protection. In this study, we examined
the use of a soil survey geographic (SSURGO) database within a
geographic information system (GIS) coupled with remote sensing
data for land-use management in Finney County, Kansas. The
objectives were (i) to identify land-use change; (ii) to evaluate
the influence of soil, groundwater, and physiography on land use;
and (iii) to assess land-use potential and present management
alternatives. Land-use/land-cover (LULC) maps for 1987, 1989, and
1992 were derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper data. These LULC
layers were manipulated with layers: organic matter content,
thickness, and texture of the surface soil horizon; land capability
class; aquifer thickness (AT); and physiography. The acreage of
fallow land decreased and the acreage of grassland increased from
1987 to 1992 because of an increase in the acreage of land used in
the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Broad cropping patterns
(irrigated vs. nonirrigated) did not change significantly between
1987 and 1992 and were related to AT. Some currently cropped areas
had high erosion potential, whereas some grasslands had relatively
low erosion hazards. These grasslands could be used as alternatives
for cropping. The study demonstrates the potential of using SSURGO
within a GIS coupled with remote sensing information in planning
and management for natural resources.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
40. Legume, grass, and Conservation Reserve
Program effects on soil organic matter recovery.
Robles, M. D. and Burke, I.
C.
Ecological
Applications 7 (2): 345-357.
(1997)
NAL Call #:
QH540.E23; ISSN: 1051-0761
Descriptors:
United States, Wyoming/ legumes/
grasses/ soil conservation/ organic matter/ Reclamation
Abstract: Active pools of soil organic matter (SOM)
can recover to native levels on formerly cultivated fields that are
abandoned for approximately 50 yr, but the short-term (<10 yr)
recovery dynamics of SOM and nutrient supply have not been widely
investigated. In several fields on a farm in southeastern Wyoming
that had been involved in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP, a
federal program that pays landowners to convert cultivated land
into revegetated grasslands), we compared C and N in several SOM
pools (coarse particulate organic matter [POM, between 500 mu m and
2 mm], fine POM [53-500 mu m], and total SOM), and we compared
potential C and N mineralization in active pools responsible for
nutrient supply. The two CRP treatments, planted 6 yr prior to this
study, were an approximately 80% legume:20% grass mixture (HL CRP)
and a 20% legume:80% grass mixture (LL CRP). To quantify SOM
accumulations directly due to increased plant inputs within CRP
fields, we also compared SOM pools under legumes and grasses
relative to plant interspaces, where we expected plant inputs to be
minimal. The net impacts of increased plant inputs and the
cessation of tillage generally increased pools of mineralizable and
coarse-POM C and N by factors of two to four relative to
wheat-fallow fields (alternate years in winter wheat and in
fallow), but had negligible effects on total SOM. Recovery of
microsite (approximately 10-cm scale) soil heterogeneity, an
important structural attribute of native arid and semiarid
ecosystems, was accelerated under legumes, which produced more
labile tissue than grasses. Soils under legumes contained larger
pools of coarse-POM C and N and exhibited higher net N
mineralization rates than soil under grasses or in plant
interspaces. Grasses grown in HL CRP soils, which had the highest
rates of potential net N mineralization, produced more labile
tissue than the same grasses grown in the more nutrient-depleted LL
CRP fields, suggesting that plant/soil feedbacks were important.
Therefore, recovery of labile soil and plant N was enhanced when
the proportion of legumes was high, and this may lead to improved
grain or animal N nutrition if these CRP fields are subsequently
cropped or grazed.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
41. Management considerations for returning
CRP lands to crop production.
Lindstrom, M. J.; Schumacher, T.
E.; and Blecha, M. L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 49
(5): 420-425. (1994)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
soil conservation/ agriculture/
erosion control/ government supports/ cropland/ soil management/
crop production/ government programs / crops/ Watershed protection/
Environmental action
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
was initiated in 1985 under the Food Security Act with the
intention of converting up to 18 million hectares (45 million
acres) of highly erodible land (HEL) to permanent cover. Twelve
sign-up periods has resulted in 377,000 contracts nationally. Eight
percent of the cropland in the U.S. is enrolled in CRP. By 1993,
14.8 million hectares (36.5 million acres) of highly erodible or
environmentally sensitive land were enrolled in CRP. The first
contracts will begin to expire in 1995. By 1997, 8.9 million
hectares (22 million acres) will be released from their CRP
contracts. Fifty-five percent of CRP acres (8.1 million hectares or
20 million acres) are located in the 10 Great Plains States.
Average erosion reduction is estimated to be 42.6 Mg ha
super(-1)/yr (19 t/ac) for land enrolled in CRP. As the year 1995
nears and CRP lands become eligible for release, landowners will be
faced with many options, including leaving the lands in grass for
hay or livestock production, or establishing some type of wildlife
or recreation practices. However, recent surveys show that many
acres will be cropped if CRP contracts are not renewed. As global
concern about soil degradation increases, landowners will be
directed toward maintaining the environmental benefits of
CRP,
even on land returning to crop
production.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
42. Microbial diversity along a transect of
agronomics zones.
Ibekwe, A. M.; Kennedy, A. C.;
Frohne, P. S.; Papiernik, S. K.; Yang, C. H.; and Crowley, D.
E.
FEMS Microbiology
Ecology 39 (3):
183-191. (Mar. 2002)
NAL Call #:
QR100.F45; ISSN: 0168-6496 [FMECEZ]
Descriptors:
soil management/ soil flora/ soil
bacteria/ community ecology/ precipitation/ Washington/ ammonia
oxidizing bacteria/ soil quality
Abstract: The diversity of microbial communities
constitutes a critical component of good soil-management practices.
To characterize the effects of different management practices,
molecular indicators such as phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA),
denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and composition of
ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were used to analyze bacterial community
structure and diversity from four eastern Washington State soils.
Samples from four sites were collected representing a transect of
high-precipitation to low-precipitation areas that covered
different agronomic zones with different management and cropping
practices. Biomass amounts estimated from extractable PLFA were
significantly higher in the no-till (NT) soil than in the
conventional-till (CT) soil. Similarities among the different 16S
rDNA DGGE band profiles were analyzed quantitatively using
correspondence analysis and this confirmed that the CT soil was the
most dissimilar soil. DGGE analysis of 16S rDNA ammonia-oxidizing
bacteria from the four soils revealed two identical bands,
indicating little effect of agronomic practices and precipitation
on these species. A second set of primers, specific for amoA
(ammonia monooxygenase) genes, was used to examine ammonia
oxidizers in the samples. Six banding patterns (clusters) from
amplified rDNA restriction analysis of 16S rDNA fragments were
observed after restriction analysis with HinfI. Sequencing of these
clones revealed the presence of only Nitrosospira-like sequences.
Analysis of the sequences showed that ammonia oxidizers from the NT
soil were more diverse compared to those from the CT and
Conservation Reserve Program soils. Our data showed that management
and agronomic practices had more impact on bacterial community
structure than annual precipitation.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
43. A note on the use of conservation
practices in U.S. agriculture.
Boyd, R. and Uri, N. D.
Environmental Monitoring
and Assessment 72 (2):
141-178. (Nov. 2001)
NAL Call #:
TD194-.E5; ISSN: 0167-6369 [EMASDH]
Descriptors:
agriculture/ conservation tillage/
conservation/ agricultural production/ productivity/ carbon/ soil
organic matter/ federal programs/ economic sectors/ mathematical
models/ United States/ carbon sequestration/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ conservation buffer strips/ dynamic computable general
equilibrium models
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
44. On-site and off-site impacts of soil
erosion: Their implications for soil conservation
policy.
Segarra, E.; Ervin, R. T.; Dicks,
M. R.; and Taylor, D. B.
Resources, Conservation and
Recycling 5 (1): 1-19.
(1991); ISSN:
0921-3449
Descriptors:
erosion/ conservation/ federal
policies/ environmental management/ soils/ Land pollution/
Landslides and erosion/ Environment
Abstract: Using dynamic optimization modeling,
impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and the
Conservation Compliance Provision (CC) contained in the
Conservation Title of the 1985 US Food Security Act was evaluated
for a representative farm in South-Central Virginia. Results
provide insights on the optimal course of action with respect to
what, how, and when to produce agricultural commodities, such that
maximization of net present value of returns is achieved when
considering the alternatives of enrolling in CRP, meeting CC
requirements, or neither.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
45. Post-contract land use effects on soil
carbon and nitrogen in conservation reserve grasslands.
Dao, T. H.; Stiegler, J. H.;
Banks, J. C.; Boerngen, L. B.; and Adams, B.
Agronomy Journal
94 (1): 146-152.
(Jan. 2002-Feb. 2002)
NAL Call #:
4-AM34P; ISSN: 0002-1962 [AGJOAT]
Descriptors:
bothriochloa ischaemum/ triticum
aestivum/ land use/ soil fertility/ nitrogen/ soil organic matter/
grasslands/ nature reserves/ nature conservation/ erosion/
cultivation/ semiarid zones/ tillage/ conservation tillage/
no-tillage/ mineralization/ land banks/ Oklahoma
Abstract: Carbon and N changes in highly erodible
croplands (HELs) under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and
the effects of reverting to cultivation in semiarid regions are not
well understood. The effects of four transitional production
systems [Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum
L.)-unfertilized (OWBUF), Old World bluestem-fertilized (OWBF),
conservation-tillage (CT), and no-till (NT) wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.)] on soil C and N were determined in two CRP fields in
western Oklahoma. Soil potentially mineralizable C (PMC) and N
(PMN) were determined in cores collected before and after the
reinitiation of cultivation in 1994 and in 1997. Compared with
soils of the same series from adjoining cultivated fields, Old
World bluestem (OWB) cover increased soil PMC, primarily in the 0-
to 0.1-m depth of Dalhart (Aridic Haplustalfs) and La
Casa-Aspermont (Typic Paleustolls) soils before 1994. Negative PMN
required a high level of fertility management to improve stand
productivity. Shift from OWB to wheat increased soil PMC and PMN in
the short-term. No-till and CT treatments had PMC averaging 8.9 and
9.6 g m(-3) d(-1) or 23 to 32% higher than those from OWB
treatments in the 0- to 0.3-m depth of Dalhart soil. Soil PMC of
the CT treatment averaged 7.2 g m(-3) d(-1) or 73% higher than that
of the La Casa-Aspermont under OWB. The trend of higher
mineralizable C and N suggested that post-CRP conservation
practices, in particular NT, contributed to HEL restoration by also
controlling the upward movement and loss of CO3-C, maintaining
these lands as C sinks in semiarid regions.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
46. Properties and productivity of recently
tilled grass sod and 70-year cultivated soil.
Zobeck, T. M.; Rolong, N. A.;
Fryrear, D. W.; Bilbro, J. D.; and Allen, B. L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 50
(2): 210-215. (1995)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
cultivated lands/ soil erosion/
productivity/ grasslands/ trees/ soil physical properties/
cropland/ erosion control/ Conservation Reserve Program/ Watershed
protection
Abstract: The 1985 Food Security Act established
the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) whereby highly erodible land
was placed into sod or trees for 10 years. Detailed information on
the effects of grass sod on soil properties and productivity is
needed in order to fully understand the impact of returning the
retired land to production. In this study, land that had been in
grass sod for about 30 years was converted to cotton and sorghum
production in 1985. Yields were measured from 1985 through 1991 on
that land and land that was continuously cultivated for 70 years.
Selected soil properties were also measured after the study. Silt
content, organic matter, and wet soil stability were higher in the
surface soil of the grass sod than in the cultivated fields. Clod
density was lower in the grass sod than in the cultivated fields.
Sorghum biomass was higher in the recently converted field but
yield differences between the converted and continuously cultivated
field were not observed after fertilization. Cotton lint yields did
not increase on the recently converted grassland. These results
suggest economists must consider the crop grown when estimating
yields of crops grown on land previously in the CRP. Crops may
differ in yield and how they respond to management after
conversion.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
47. Restoration of microbial residues in soils
of the Conservation Reserve Program.
Amelung, W.; Kimble, J. M.; Samson
Liebig, S.; and Follett, R. F.
Soil Science Society of
America Journal 65
(6): 1704-1709. (2001)
NAL Call #:
56.9-So3; ISSN: 0361-5995 [SSSJD4]
Descriptors:
land banks/ arable soils/ grassland
soils/ agricultural land/ soil flora/ biomass/ nitrogen content/
carbon/ amino sugars/ chemical composition/ carbon nitrogen ratio/
soil organic matter/ soil conservation/ great plains states of USA/
western states of USA/ Minnesota
Abstract: To elucidate the role of microorganisms
for C and N sequestration in arable soils converted to grassland
(sites of the Conservation Reserve Program; CRP), we determined
amino sugars as indicators for microbial residues in surface
samples (0-5 cm) obtained from each of 10 adjacent native
grassland, CRP, and cropland sites across the U.S. Great Plains.
The CRP sites were 6 to 10 yr and the cropland sites were >80 yr
old. Compared with native grasslands, the CRP sites had lost
between 17 and 50% and the cropland sites between 32 and 94% of
their surface soil organic matter (SOM). The C/N ratio was not
significantly different among the three land-use systems,
indicating that C and N losses occurred at similar intensity. The
mean amino sugar concentrations decreased in the order native
grassland (70 g kg(-1) C; 750 g kg(-1) N) > CRP (53 g kg(-1) C;
570 g kg(-1) N) > cropland (47 g kg(-1) C; 450 g kg(-1) N). This
decrease in the element-normalized concentrations of amino sugars
indicated that they responded faster to management than other C or
N containing compounds. The response of individual amino sugars
related to soil compaction and the temperature regime. We suggest
that the resequestration of C and N into the residues of bacteria
and fungi requires several years, but as it depends on land use it
could be manipulated using, for example, soil decompacting
techniques to improve CRP efficiency.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
48. Soil C and N changes on Conservation
Reserve Program lands in the central Great Plains.
Reeder, J D; Schuman, G E; and
Bowman, R A
Soil and Tillage
Research 47 (3-4): 339-349.
(1998)
NAL Call #:
S590.S48; ISSN: 0167-1987
Descriptors:
carbon/ soil storage/ nitrogen/
soil change/ Conservation Reserve Program lands/ crop management/
fallow/ soil technology/ crop (Angiospermae)/ wheat (Gramineae)/
Monocots/ Plants/ Spermatophytes/ Vascular Plants
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
was initiated to reduce water and wind erosion on marginal, highly
erodible croplands by removing them from production and planting
permanent, soil-conserving vegetation such as grass. We conducted a
field study at two sites in Wyoming, USA, in order to quantify
changes in soil C and N of marginal croplands seeded to grass, and
of native rangeland plowed and cropped to wheat-fallow. Field plots
were established on a sandy loam site and a clay loam site on
wheat-fallow cropland that had been in production for 60+ years and
on adjacent native rangeland. In 1993, 6 years after the study was
initiated, the surface soil was sampled in 2.5 cm depth increments,
while the subsurface soil was composited as one depth increment.
All soil samples were analyzed for total organic C and N, and
potential net mineralized C and N. After 60+ years of cultivation,
surface soils at both study sites were 18-26% lower (by mass) in
total organic C and N than in the A horizons of adjacent native
range. Six years after plowing and converting native rangeland to
cropland (three wheat-fallow cycles), both total and potential net
mineralized C and N in the surface soil had decreased and NO3-N at
all depths had increased to levels found after 60+ years of
cultivation. We estimate that mixing of the surface and subsurface
soil with tillage accounted for 40-60% of the decrease in surface
soil C and N in long-term cultivated fields; in the short-term
cultivated fields, mixing with tillage may have accounted for
60-75% of the decrease in C, and 30-60% of the decrease in N. These
results emphasize the need to evaluate C and N in the entire soil
solum, rather than in just the surface soil, if actual losses of C
and N due to cultivation are to be distinguished from vertical
redistribution. Five years after reestablishing grass on the sandy
loam soil, both total and potential net mineralized C and N in the
surface soil had increased to levels equal to or greater than those
observed in the A horizon of the native range. On the clay loam
soil, however, significant increases in total organic C were
observed only in the surface 2.5 cm of N-fertilized grass plots,
while total organic N had not significantly increased from levels
observed in the long-term cultivated fields.
© Thomson
49. Soil erosion potential of former
Conservation Reserve Program sites.
Gilley, J. E. and Doran, J.
W.
Transactions of the
ASAE 41 (1):
97-103. (Jan. 1998-Feb. 1998)
NAL Call #:
290.9-Am32T; ISSN: 0001-2351 [TAAEAJ]
Descriptors:
erodibility/ water erosion/
estimation/ simulation models/ computer simulation/ conservation
areas/ soil conservation/ federal programs/ land use/ universal
soil loss equation/ Mississippi/ Nebraska/ South Dakota/ water
erosion prediction project (WEPP)/ revised universal soil loss
equation (RUSLE)
Abstract: Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) areas
that are returned to crop production will initially be much less
erodible than fields which were farmed using conventional
practices. In this study, a rainfall simulator was used to measure
runoff and erosion from former CRP areas in Mississippi, Nebraska
and South Dakota over approximately a two year period. Soil loss
rates measured immediately following tillage on each of the three
sites were similar to values obtained on the undisturbed CRP
treatments. However, when left in a fallow condition, the
erosion-reducing effectiveness of the sod appeared to have lasted
less than one year. The rapid increase in soil erodibility
following tillage was attributed to a reduction in surface cover
and organic material. The WEPP and RUSLE models are currently used
extensively in conservation planning and assessment. The
experimental data collected in this study were used to derive
selected parameter values for use in these models.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
50. Soil hydraulic properties of cropland
compared with reestablished and native grassland.
Schwartz, R. C.; Evett, S. R.; and
Unger, P. W.
Geoderma 116 (1-2): 47-60. (2003)
NAL Call #:
S590.G4; ISSN: 0016-7061.
Notes: Number of References: 32
Descriptors:
Agriculture/ Agronomy/ hydraulic
properties/ porosity/ hydraulic conductivity/ soil management/
tillage/ infiltrometers/ unsaturated soils/ tillage/ infiltration/
conductivity/ infiltrometers/ model/ disc
Abstract: Conversion of cropland to perennial
grasses will, over time, produce changes in soil hydraulic
properties. The objective of this study was to characterize and
compare hydraulic properties of fine-textured soils on adjacent
native grassland, recently tilled cropland, and reestablished
grassland in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) at three
locations in the Southern Great Plains. A tension infiltrometer was
used to measure unconfined, unsaturated infiltration over a range
of supply pressure heads (nominally, h = -150, -100, -50, and -5 mm
H2O) at the soil surface. Intact soil cores were sampled within the
Ap and Bt horizons to determine bulk density and water desorption
curves, theta(h), at potentials ranging from -0.15 to -100 kPa.
Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity K(h) over the range in supply
pressure heads was estimated using Wooding's equation for
steady-state flow from a disc source. The van Genuchten water
retention model was fitted to theta(h) data to estimate parameter
values. Soils in CRP had greater surface bulk densities than their
grassland and cropland counterparts. The shape of the soil water
retention curve for grassland and CRP land were similar, suggesting
that converted croplands had fully reconsolidated. Mean
near-saturated hydraulic conductivities of cropland at h = -5 mm
were not significantly different from grassland. However, at -150
mm supply pressure head, cropped soils had a mean unsaturated
conductivity 2.3 and 4.1 times greater than CRP land and grassland,
respectively. Sites in CRP had the lowest (P < 0.05)
near-saturated hydraulic conductivities (h = -5 mm), which suggest
that after 10 years, grasses had not fully ameliorated changes in
pore structure caused by tillage. Comparison of unsaturated
conductivities for grassland and CRP land suggest that long-term
structural development on native grasslands was principally
confined to effective pore radii greater than 300 mum. Land use
practices had a greater effect on water movement than did soil
series, indicating that the modifying effects of tillage,
reconsolidation, and pore structure evolution on hydraulic
properties are important processes governing water movement in
these fine-textured soils. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All
rights reserved.
© Thomson ISI
51. Soil organic matter recovery in semiarid
grasslands: Implications for the Conservation Reserve
Program.
Burke, I. C.; Lauenroth, W. K.;
and Coffin, D. P.
Ecological
Applications 5 (3): 793-801.
(1995)
NAL Call #:
QH540.E23; ISSN: 1051-0761
Descriptors:
grasslands/ soil/ organic matter/
cultivation/ regeneration/ United States, Colorado/ Conservation/
Reclamation
Abstract: Although the effects of cultivation on
soil organic matter and nutrient supply capacity are well
understood, relatively little work has been done on the long-term
recovery of soils from cultivation. We sampled soils from 12
locations within the Pawnee National Grasslands of northeastern
Colorado, each having native fields and fields that were
historically cultivated but abandoned 50 yr ago. We also sampled
fields that had been cultivated for at least 50 yr at 5 of these
locations. Our results demonstrated that soil organic matter, silt
content, microbial biomass, potentially mineralizable N, and
potentially respirable C were significantly lower on cultivated
fields than on native fields. Both cultivated and abandoned fields
also had significantly lower soil organic matter and silt contents
than native fields. Abandoned fields, however, were not
significantly different from native fields with respect to
microbial biomass, potentially mineralizable N, or respirable C. In
addition, we found that the characteristic small-scale
heterogeneity of the shortgrass steppe associated with individuals
of the dominant plant, Bouteloua gracilis, had recovered on
abandoned fields. Soil beneath plant canopies had an average of 200
g/m super(2) more C than between-plant locations. We suggest that
50 yr is an adequate time for recovery of active soil organic
matter and nutrient availability, but recovery of total soil
organic matter pools is a much slower process. Plant population
dynamics may play an important role in the recovery of shortgrass
steppe ecosystems from disturbance, such that establishment of
perennial grasses determines the rate of organic matter
recovery.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
52. Soil organic matter recovery on
Conservation Reserve Program fields in southwestern
Wyoming.
Robles, M. D. and Burke, I.
C.
Soil Science Society of
America Journal 62
(3): 725-730. (1998)
NAL Call #:
56.9-So3; ISSN: 0361-5995 [SSSJD4]
Descriptors:
land management/ land use/ land
diversion/ semiarid soils/ grassland soils/ wheat soils/ soil
organic matter/ carbon/ nitrogen/ mineralization/ soil fertility/
Wyoming/ soil carbon pools/ mineralizable carbon/ mineralizable
nitrogen/
soil nitrogen pools
Abstract: Soil C and N changes following cessation
of cultivation in semiarid soils is not well understood. We
hypothesized that returning cultivated fields in southeastern
Wyoming to perennial grasses through the Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) would (i) increase labile pools of soil organic
matter (SOM), and (ii) increase small-scale heterogeneity of SOM.
Carbon and N in labile and passive pools of SOM were measured in
CRP fields seeded with perennial grasses intermediate wheatgrass
(Elytrigia intermedia [Host] Nevski ssp. intermedia), pubescent
wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia [Schur.] A. Love ssp. barbulata)
and smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leysser), and in winter wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow fields. Mineralizable C increased
from 0.37 g m-2 d-1 in wheat-fallow fields to 0.99 g m-2 d-1 in CRP
fields; mineralizable N and coarse particulate C were consistently
but not significantly higher in CRP fields. Fine particulate and
total soil C and N were not significantly different between CRP and
wheat-fallow. Within CRP fields, mineralizable C was significantly
higher under grasses than in interspaces (1.96 vs. 0.73 g m-2 d-1,
respectively), and mineralizable N and coarse particulate C and N
were consistently but not significantly higher under grasses than
in interspaces. Soil C and N have increased only slightly after 6
yr of CRP management, and future changes in land use management on
these CRP fields, including grazing and cropping, may accrue some
small benefits associated with improved soil fertility
status.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
53. Soil property changes during conversion
from perennial vegetation to annual cropping.
Wienhold, B. J. and Tanaka, D.
L.
Soil Science Society of
America Journal 65
(6): 1795-1803. (2001)
NAL Call #:
56.9-So3; ISSN: 0361-5995 [SSSJD4]
Descriptors:
crop production/ hay/ medicago
sativa/ agropyron/ triticum aestivum/ pisum sativum/ rotations/
tillage/ no-tillage/ perennials/ bulk density/ soil water/ soil
organic matter/ soil chemistry/ soil fertility/ biomass/ carbon/
mineralization/ North Dakota/ return-to-crop production/ haying/
Conservation Reserve Program
Abstract: Management practices for conversion of
land supporting perennial vegetation to crop production are needed.
Effect of haying (hayed or not hayed), cropping (annual crop with
no-tillage, minimum tillage, or conventional tillage, and no-tilled
perennial crop), and N fertilization (0 or 67 kg ha(-1)) on soil
properties were measured in 1995 and 1997 at a Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) site in North Dakota having an Amor loam (Fine-loamy,
mixed, superactive, frigid, Typic Haplustoll) soil in a spring
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), winter wheat, pea (Pisum sativum L.)
rotation. Soil physical properties were not affected negatively by
the management practices used. Haying and tillage practices
influenced soil chemical properties. Organic C and total N content
declined (1.2 Mg ha(-1) for C and 0.1 Mg ha(-1) for N) from 1995 to
1997. In hayed plots, organic C and total N increased as tillage
intensity decreased while in non-hayed plots no pattern was
observed. Haying and tillage influenced soil biological properties.
Potentially mineralizable N at 0 to 0.05 m increased as tillage
intensity decreased in 1997. In the 0.05- to 0.15-m depth,
potentially mineralizable N increased from 1995 (118 kg ha(-1)) to
1997 (146 kg ha(-1)). By 1997, soil properties in hayed plots
responded to cropping practices similarly to those in established
cropping systems in this region. In non-hayed plots, management
induced patterns had not developed by 1997. Haying, conservation
tillage, and annual cropping are viable approaches for converting
land to annual crop production.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
54. Soil quality changes in eastern Washington
with Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) take-out.
Gewin VL; Kennedy AC; Veseth R;
and Miller BC
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 54
(1): 432-438; 30 ref. (1999)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
55. A soil quality framework for evaluating
the impact of CRP.
Karlen, D. L.; Gardner, J. C.; and
Rosek, M. J.
Journal of Production
Agriculture 11 (1):
56-60. (Jan. 1998-Mar. 1998)
NAL Call #:
S539.5.J68; ISSN: 0890-8524 [JPRAEN]
Descriptors:
soil organic matter/ soil
fertility/ soil structure/ soil biology/ sustainability/
monitoring/ respiration/ no-tillage/ tillage/ biomass/ government
policy/ land banks/ United States/ Conservation Reserve
Program
Abstract: The book entitled "Soil and Water
Quality: An Agenda for Agriculture" by the U.S. National Academy of
Sciences caused people to ask whether soil quality assessments
could be used to evaluate the impact of public policies such as the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). However, differences in scale,
perception of soil quality, and the inability to directly measure
soil quality led to significant uncertainty among several potential
users. A major challenge was determining how to evaluate and
combine information from different indicators to make an overall
soil quality assessment that is meaningful. Our objectives are to
present a structured approach for interpreting soil quality
indicator data and to introduce a conceptual frame-work that can be
used to link the various scales of evaluation, including those
needed for assessing effectiveness of public policies such as the
CRP. The framework and its use are discussed and demonstrated using
soil quality indicator data from published and unpublished studies.
On-farm measurements suggest that biological indicators such as
microbial biomass and respiration were affected most quickly and to
the greatest extent when cultivated land was converted to
grassland. Applying the conceptual framework to this data suggests
that enrolling fragile lands into CRP had a positive soil quality
effect. It also indicates that using no-till practices to return
CRP land to row-crop production will preserve soil quality benefits
of the CRP, but tilling to prepare a seedbed will destroy the
benefits almost immediately.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
56. Soil quality of two Kansas soils as
influenced by the Conservation Reserve Program.
Huang, X.; Skidmore, E. L.; and
Tibke, G. L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 57
(6): 344-350. (Nov. 2002-Dec.
2002)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
United States, Kansas/ Soil
Conservation/ Land Management/ Cultivated Lands/ Best Management
Practices/ Indicators/ Soil Properties/ Carbon/
Agriculture/
Techniques of planning
Abstract: Achieving and maintaining a good soil
quality is essential for sustaining agricultural production in an
economically viable and environmentally safe manner. The transition
of land management provides an opportunity to measure soil-quality
indicators to quantify the effects of those management practices.
This study compared soil chemical and physical properties after 10
years of grass on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land with
those in continuously cropped land (CCL). The sample sites, located
in central Kansas, have two mapping units, Harney silt loam (fine,
montmorillonitic, mesic Typic Arigiustolls) and Naron fine sandy
loam (fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Udic Argiustolls). Soil samples
were collected at two depth increments, 0 to 5 cm and 5 to 10 cm.
Soil-quality indicators measured were soil acidity (pH),
exchangeable cations, nutrients, total carbon, structure, and
aggregation. Soil pH was significantly lower in CCL than in CRP.
Soil total C and N in the surface layer (0 to 5 cm) was much
greater than in the deeper layer (5 to 10 cm) in the CRP site. The
mass of total carbon of Naron soil was significantly higher for 0
to 5 cm and lower for 5 to 10 cm depth in CRP land than in CCL.
However, the mass of total carbon of Harney soil was significantly
higher in no-tilled CCL than in CRP. Bulk density significantly
increased in CCL. Based on dry and wet aggregate stability
analysis, the results indicated that CRP land had a greater
resistance to erosion by both water and wind than CCL. The
improvements in soil quality resulting from CRP included reducing
soil acidification, alleviating compaction, and reducing topsoil
susceptibility to erosion. However, when CRP was taken out for crop
production with conventional tillage, total carbon in the surface
layer (0 to 5 cm) and aggregate stability gradually decreased. This
suggested that appropriate land management practices are needed to
extend residual benefit from CRP on soil quality.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
57. Tillage and fallow effects on selected
soil quality characteristics of former Conservation Reserve Program
sites.
Gilley, J. E.; Doran, J. W.; and
Eghball, B.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 56
(2): 126-132. (2001)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
58. Tillage effects on soil erosion potential
and soil quality of a former Conservation Reserve Program
site.
Gilley, J. E. and Doran, J.
W.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 52
(3): 184-188. (June 1997)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
USA/ Mississippi/ tillage/ soil
erosion/ land management/ soil conservation/ simulated rainfall/
fallowing/ degradation/ soil properties / nutrients/ runoff/
Conservation Reserve Program/ soil quality/ Erosion and
sedimentation
Abstract: This study was conducted to determine the
effects of tillage on soil erosion potential and soil quality
characteristics of a former Conservation Research Program (CRP)
site. Following tillage, the study area in Northern Mississippi was
maintained in a fallow condition for nine months. Soil loss from
simulated rainfall events was minimal on recently tilled plots and
an adjoining, undisturbed CRP area. In contrast, soil loss from the
former CRP site which had been tilled nine months previously was
similar to values obtained before the CRP program when the area had
been cropped for several years. Tillage and over-winter fallowing
caused a degradation in soil quality resulting from the
decomposition of biological nutrient reserves. The conservation and
soil quality benefits derived from the CRP may rapidly decline once
an area is tilled and then left fallow during the non-cropped
period.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
59. Accomplishments of the USDA hydrologic
unit area projects.
Ebodaghe, Denis Abumere
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of
Agriculture, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service;
Extension Service; Soil Conservation Service;
128 p.: maps. (1993)
Notes: Cover title. "Compiled by Denis
Ebodaghe"--Foreword. "June 1993."
Alternate pages are
numbered.
NAL Call #: aTD223.A26--1993
Descriptors:
Water quality management---United
States/ Nonpoint source pollution---United States/ Agricultural
pollution---United States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
60. Achieving restoration success: Myths in
bottomland hardwood forests.
Stanturf JA; Schoenholtz SH;
Schweitzer CJ; and Shepard JP
2nd International Congress
on Restoration Ecology
9 (2): 189-200; 62 ref.
(2001)
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
61. Benefit-cost analysis of best management
practices implemented to control nitrate contamination of
groundwater.
Yadav, S. N. and Wall, D.
B.
Water Resources
34 (3): 497-504. (Mar.
1998)
NAL Call #:
292.8 W295; ISSN: 0043-1397 [WRERAQ]
Descriptors:
nitrates / nitrate nitrogen/
groundwater pollution/ pollution control/ water quality/ cost
benefit analysis/ control programs/ Minnesota/ Garvin Brook Rural
Clean Water Program
Abstract: Implementing best management practices
(BMPs) can reduce nitrate concentration in groundwater, but does it
pay to invest in programs that reduce nitrate by encouraging
increased adoption of BMPs? In this paper we evaluate water quality
improvement by benefit-cost analysis of adopting BMPs under such a
program. The analysis shows that under current levels of
contamination, costs of the program to foster BMP implementation
will be equal to annually accrued benefits over a period of 6
years. However, under the worsening scenarios of increased
nitrate-N concentrations, the same costs will be equal to the
benefits in a 4- to 5-year period. If water quality improves to
acceptable levels through adoption of BMPs, the results reveal that
in the long run, investing in a BMP program will be more cost
effective to reduce contamination than to seek alternative sources
of safe drinking water supplies.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
62. Beyond Swampbuster: A permanent wetland
reserve.
Heimlich, Ralph E; Carey, Marc B;
and Brazee, Richard J
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation
44: 445-450. (1989)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
Wetland conservation---United
States
© The H. W. Wilson
Company
63. Biological responses to wetland
restoration: Implications for wildlife habitat development through
the Wetlands Reserve Program.
Rewa, C.
In: A comprehensive review of Farm
Bill contributions wildlife conservation, 1985-2000/ Heard, L. P;
Hohman, W. L.; Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management
Institute (U.S.); Series: Technical Report
USDA/NRCS/WHMI.
Madison, MS: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, 2000; pp. 95-116
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
Wetland Reserve Program/ wetlands/
riparian areas/ wildlife habitats/ California/
Mississippi
64. Buffered wetlands in agricultural
landscapes in the Prairie Pothole Region: Environmental, agronomic,
and economic evaluations.
Rickerl, D. H.; Janssen, L. L.;
and Woodland, R.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 55
(2): 220-225. (2000)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822
This citation is provided courtesy of CAB International/CABI
Publishing.
65. Calibrating Benefit Function Transfer to
Assess the Conservation Reserve Program.
Feather, P. and Hellerstein,
D.
American Journal of
Agricultural Economics
79: 151-162. (1997)
NAL Call #:
280.8 J822
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
National conservation programs/ State conservation programs/
Indiana/ Nebraska/ Pennsylvania/ Washington
Abstract: A benefit transfer function was
calibrated to corrected for bias and used to estimate the
water-based recreation benefits of CRP.
66. Changes in groundwater quality in a
conduit-flow-dominated karst aquifer, following BMP
implementation.
Currens, J. C.
Environmental
Geology 42 (5): 525-531.
(2002)
NAL Call #:
QE1.E5; ISSN: 1073-9106 [ENGOE9]
Descriptors:
aquifers / watersheds/ water
quality/ agriculture/ pesticides/ pollution/ USDA/ governmental
programs and projects/ Kentucky/ best management practices/
nonpoint source pollution/ Water Quality Incentives Program
(WQIP)
Abstract: Water quality in the Pleasant Grove
Spring karst groundwater basin, Logan County, Kentucky, was
monitored to determine the effectiveness of best management
practices (BMPs) in protecting karst aquifers. Ninety-two percent
of the 4,069-ha (10,054-acre) watershed is used for agriculture.
Water-quality monitoring began in October 1992 and ended in
November 1998. By the fall of 1995 approximately 72% of the
watershed was enrolled in BMPs sponsored by the US Department of
Agriculture Water Quality Incentive Program (WQIP). Pre-BMP
nitrate-nitrogen concentration averaged 4.65 mg/l. The median total
suspended solids concentration was 127 mg/l. The median triazine
concentration measured by immunosorbent assay was 1.44 microgram/l.
Median bacteria counts were 418 colonies per 100 ml (col/100 ml)
for fecal coliform and 540 col/100 ml for fecal streptococci.
Post-BMP, the average nitrate-nitrogen concentration was 4.74 mg/l.
The median total suspended solids concentration was 47.8 mg/l. The
median triazine concentration for the post-BMP period was 1.48
microgram/l. The median fecal coliform count increased to 432
col/100 ml after BMP implementation, but the median fecal
streptococci count decreased to 441 col/100 ml. The pre- and
post-BMP water quality was statistically evaluated by comparing the
annual mass flux, annual descriptive statistics, and population of
analyses for the two periods. Nitrate-nitrogen concentration was
unchanged. Increases in atrazine-equivalent flux and triazine
geometric averages were not statistically significant. Total
suspended solids concentration decreased slightly, whereas
orthophosphate concentration increased slightly. Fecal streptococci
counts were reduced. The BMPs were only partially successful
because the types available and the rules for participation
resulted in less effective.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
67. Cleaner water in the Chesapeake Bay: Can
CRP help?
Ligon, Polly C.
Blacksburg, Va.: Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993.
Notes: Original title: "Cleaner water in the
Chesapeake Bay: Can CRP help?: A case study of the Conservation
Reserve Program in Richmond County, Virginia 1985-1989." Vita.
Abstract. Report (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
University. M.S. 1993. Bibliography: leaves 114-121.
NAL Call #: ViBlbV
LD5655.V851-1993.L546
Descriptors:
Bays---Virginia---Richmond County/
Chesapeake Bay---Md and Va
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
68. Conservation compliance and wetlands
conservation provisions of the omnibus farm acts of 1985, 1990 and
1996.
Brady, S. J.
In: A comprehensive review of Farm
Bill contributions wildlife conservation, 1985-2000/ Heard, L. P;
Hohman, W. L.; Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management
Institute (U.S.); Series: Technical Report
USDA/NRCS/WHMI.
Madison, MS: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, 2000; pp. 5-17
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
conservation compliance/
Conservation Reserve Program/ Wetland Reserve Program/ Farm Bill/
laws and regulations/ wildlife habitats
69. Conservation in the farm bill.
Rassam, Gus
Fisheries 27 (7): 26. (2002)
NAL Call #:
SH1.F54; ISSN: 0363-2415
Descriptors:
Fisheries management---Political aspects
Abstract: The 2002 Farm Bill has a number of
implications for fisheries conservation. Given the huge impact of
agriculture on water resources, the conservation aspects of the
2002 Farm Bill are of crucial importance to many stakeholders,
including all citizens concerned with the increasing stresses on
aquatic habitats across the nation. Although many aspects of the
bill proved contentious, there was almost unanimous agreement
regarding the importance of conserving the nation's fish, wildlife,
and plant resources and promoting sustainable practices in farming
communities. Some of the specific conservation aspects in the bill
include the Wetland Reserve, Conservation Reserve, Wildlife Habitat
Incentives, Environmental Quality Incentives, Conservation
Security, and Farmland Protection Programs.
© The H. W. Wilson
Company
70. CRP EBI as an Indicator of Riparian
Ecosystem Services.
Kraft, S. E.
In: 57th Annual Conference of the
Soil and Water Conservation Society. (Held 13 Jul 2002-17 Jul 2002 at Indianapolis.
IN (USA).); 2002.
Notes: Conference Sponsor: Soil and Water Conservation
Society (Ankeny, IA); World Meeting Number 000 6096
Descriptors:
Geoscience/ Aquatic
Science
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
71. Detecting changes in water quality in an
agricultural watershed following implementation of best management
practices (BMP's): The LaPlatte River watershed.
Meals, D. W.
In: 6th Annual International
Symposium on Lake and Reservoir Management: Influences of Nonpoint
Source Pollutants and Acid Precipitation. (Held 5 Nov 1986-8 Nov 1986 at Portland, OR.)
North American Lake Management Soc. (eds.); pp. 11;
1986.
Descriptors:
watersheds/ water quality/
environment management/ agricultural runoff/ pollution
control/ runoff/ environmental management/ United States/ Vermont/
LaPlatte River/ Prevention and control/ Freshwater
pollution
Abstract: The LaPlatte River Watershed in
northwestern Vermont is the focus of an intensive land treatment
program to control agricultural runoff and a long-term monitoring
program to evaluate the effectiveness of these treatments on water
quality. Best Management Practices for controlling dairy manure and
cropland erosion have been implemented by the U.S. Dep. of
Agriculture's Soil Conservation Service on 90% of the priority
areas in the watershed. Four simple trend analysis techniques have
been applied to 6 years of data from four subwatersheds: (1) linear
regression against time, (2) comparison of annual means, (3)
analysis of frequency distributions, and (4) paired watershed
regression. Results of these analyses suggest significant decreases
in phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations and loads since the
project began.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
72. Detecting reductions in sediment loads
associated with Ohio's conservation reserve enhancement
program.
Richards, R. P. and Grabow, G.
L.
Journal of the American
Water Resources Association 39 (5): 1261-1268. (2003)
NAL Call #:
GB651.W315; ISSN: 1093-474X.
Notes: Number of References: 22
Descriptors:
Environment/ Ecology/ statistical
analysis/ water quality/ watershed management/ detecting change/
suspended sediment/ water quality/ constituent loads/ rating
curves
Abstract: Small systematic changes in loads or
concentrations of water quality constituents are difficult to
detect against the background of short term fluctuations ("noise")
that result from weather and climate effects. Minimum Detectable
Change Analysis (MDCA) uses prior knowledge of a water quality
constituent to determine how much change must occur (e.g., from
implementation of conservation practices) for the change to be
statistically significant. In this paper we use MDCA to determine
whether the goal of the Ohio Lake Erie Conservation Reserve
Enhancement Program (CREP), to reduce sediment loads by an average
of 6 percent over 10 years, represents a large enough change to be
detected. We conclude that this amount of change is unlikely to be
detected as statistically significant, even with the high frequency
sampling program planned for evaluating it. The minimum detectable
change ranges from about 7 to 9 percent for three different
rivers.
© Thomson ISI
73. The effect of CRP enrollment on sediment
loads in two southern Illinois streams.
Davie, D. K. and Lant, C.
L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 49
(4): 407-412. (1994)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
United States, Illinois, Cache R.
Basin/ soil erosion/ cropland/ sediment load/ streams/ suspended
sediments/ timing/ water quality/ vegetation regrowth/ rivers/ soil
conservation/ erosion control/ river basins/ United States,
Illinois, Cache River/ CRP enrollment/ Watershed protection/
Conservation/ Protective measures and control/ Freshwater
pollution
Abstract: The high annual cost of damages
attributed to sediment justifies the importance of gaining a better
understanding of the relationship between the Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) and stream sediment loads. This relationship was
studied for two watersheds within the Cache River basin of extreme
southern Illinois. CRP enrollments of 15.6% and 26.5% of all
cropland in the Big Creek (80.29 km super(2); 31 mi super(2)) and
Cypress Creek (62.16 km super(2); 24 mi super(2)) watersheds
resulted in estimated decreases in erosion of 24% and 37%,
respectively. Despite this, it was estimated using path analysis (a
two-step regression analysis) that a negligible 0.0125% and 0.265%
decrease in sediment load occurred in these streams in the period
1986-1988. These negative results, however, should be viewed in the
context of temporal and spatial considerations. First, studies of
drainage basin sediment dynamics imply that reductions in suspended
sediment in response to CRP enrollments are likely to be delayed
for a considerable period as in- and near-stream sediments are
remobilized. Second, few of the CRP enrollments were in near-stream
locations where hydrologic theory indicates they would be most
effective in trapping and stabilizing existing near-stream
sediments.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
74. Effects of 1985 Food Security Act and 1990
Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act on the 1993 flooding
on the upper Mississippi and Missouri River basins.
Miller, D. G.; Shirley, C. E.; and
Chenoweth, J. W.
Water International
19 (4): 207-211. (1994);
ISSN: 0250-8060
Descriptors:
legislation/ flooding/ historic
floods/ erosion control/ evaluation/ runoff/ flood damage/
conservation/ United States, Midwest/ soil conservation/
environmental legislation/ soil erosion/ environmental protection/
floods/ government policy/ stormwater runoff/ Watershed protection/
Conservation, wildlife management and
recreation/
Conservation
Abstract: Flooding was unusually sever throughout
the Upper Midwest during the spring and summer of 1993. These
floods resulted in locally great economic damages, but provided an
ideal "field laboratory" for evaluation of national erosion control
programs. This article documents the amount of runoff reduction and
corresponding flood damage reduction resulting from the Food
Security Act (FSA) and the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and
Trade Act (FACTA) to agricultural areas and rural infrastructure.
Specifically, the impact on runoff and flooding of single storms
with 1-, 5; 25-, and 100-year frequency probabilities was
calculated using existing, commonly accepted methods of determining
runoff. This procedure was applied to nine Midwestern states
(Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North
Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin) on a county basis.
Conservation practices studied were those applied through FSA and
FACTA. Results indicate the FSA and FACTA total programs were
consistently more successful in reducing runoff than was the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) alone. Runoff reductions range
from a high of 39 per cent for the one-year storm, to a low of 2
per cent for the 100-year storm for the FSA and FACTA programs.
Runoff reductions for the CRP range from 20 per cent for the
one-year storm to 3 per cent for the 100-year storm. Additionally,
FSA and FACTA programs were shown to be highly successful in
reducing flood damage to agricultural areas and rural
infrastructure. Damage reduction to agricultural areas ranges from
10 per cent to 45 per cent for the FSA and FACTA programs. For CRP,
this reduction ranges from 4 per cent to 25 per cent. Rural
infrastructure damages are estimated to be reduced from 15 per cent
to 56 per cent with the total program, and 7 to 34 per cent by CRP
alone. These conservation programs are effectively reducing runoff
and flood damages.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
75. Effects of agricultural activities and
best management practices on water quality of seasonal prairie
pothole wetlands.
Detenbeck, N. E.; Elonen, C. M.;
Taylor, D. L.; Cotter, A. M.; Puglisi, F. A.; and Sanville, W.
D.
Wetlands Ecology and
Management 10
(4): 335-354. (2002)
NAL Call #:
QH541.5.M3 W472; ISSN: 0923-4861
Descriptors:
Agricultural practices/ Environment
management/ Water quality/ Wetlands/ Prairies/ Ecosystem
management/ Restoration/ Agriculture/ Vegetation cover/ Plant
populations/ Man induced effects/ Water levels/ Physicochemical
properties/ Dissolved oxygen/ Nutrients (mineral)/ Climate/
Hydrology/ Agricultural runoff / Conservation/ Environmental
restoration/ Nutrients/ Vegetation/ Biogeochemistry/ Water
Pollution Sources/ Nonpoint Pollution Sources/ United States/
prairie pothole wetlands/ biogeochemical cycle/ tillage effects/
Environmental degradation/ Ecosystems and energetics/ Conservation,
wildlife management and recreation/ Environmental action/ General
Environmental Engineering/ Sources and
fate of pollution
Abstract: Long-term effects of within-basin tillage
can constrain condition and function of prairie wetlands even after
uplands are restored. Runoff was significantly greater to replicate
wetlands within tilled basins with or without vegetated buffer
strips as compared to Conservation Reserve Program restoration
controls with revegetated uplands (REST). However, mean water
levels for native prairie reference sites were higher than for REST
controls, because infiltration rates were lower for native prairie
basins, which had no prior history of tillage. Nutrient dynamics
changed more in response to changes in water level and vegetation
structure than to increased nutrient inputs in watershed runoff.
Dissolved oxygen increased between dry and wet years except in
basins or zones with dense vegetation. As sediment redox dropped,
water-column phosphate declined as phosphate likely co-precipitated
with iron on the sediment surface within open-water or sparsely
vegetated zones. In response, N:P ratios shifted from a region
indicating N limitation to P limitation. REST sites, with dense
vegetation and low DO, also maintained high DOC, which maintains
phosphate in solution through chelation of iron and catalysis of
photoreduction. Reference sites in native prairie and restored
uplands diverged over the course of the wet-dry cycle, emphasizing
the importance of considering climatic variation in planning
restoration efforts.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
76. Effects of best management
practices.
Davenport, T. and Kohl,
N.
In: 6th Annual International
Symposium on Lake and Reservoir Management: Influences of Nonpoint
Source Pollutants and Acid Precipitation. (Held 5 Nov 1986-8 Nov 1986 at Portland, OR.)
North American Lake Management Soc. (eds.); pp. 43;
1986.
Descriptors:
eutrophic lakes/ sedimentation/
agricultural runoff/ water quality control/ runoff/ eutrophication/
United States/ Illinois/ Pike County/ Pittsfield City Lake/
statistical analysis/ Prevention and control/ Freshwater
pollution
Abstract: Pittsfield City Lake is a
light-limited, eutrophic, multiple-purpose reservoir located in
Pike County, Ill. The lake has a historic and well-documented
sedimentation problem, and the predominant land use in its
watershed is agriculture. In 1980, the area was designated an
Agricultural Conservation Program Special Water Quality Project
Area by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The primary objective
of the project was to improve the water quality of Pittsfield City
Lake by reducing sediment loads through voluntary application of
Best Management Practices (BMP's). To evaluate the effects of Best
Management Practices on water quality in Pittsfield City Lake, the
lake was monitored 2 years before, 3 years during and 2 years after
implementation. Five years of BMP implementation information was
correlated with corresponding lake data to determine the
relationship of such implementation to in-lake water quality. The
results of the statistical analyses are reported.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
77. Effects of Urbanization on Small Watershed
Project Sponsors.
Peterson, J. W.
Land and Water 42 (5): 9-12. (1998);
ISSN: 0192-9453
Descriptors:
Urbanization/ Flood Control/
Conservation/ Watershed Management/ Flooding/ Water
Management/ Water resources/ Environmental protection/ Erosion
control/ Water reservoirs/ Effects on water of human nonwater
activities/ General papers on resources
Abstract: The U.S. Small Watershed Programs,
commonly called the Flood Prevention Operations Program (PL 78-534)
and the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Program (PL
83-566), are among the most flexible and beneficial conservation
acts ever enacted by the U.S. Congress. As one might deduce from
their titles, their main purposes were to provide a reduction in
flood damage and watershed protection (erosion and sediment
control) in the nation's upstream watersheds, primarily in rural
areas. Historically, the U.S. had dealt with natural water flow and
flooding by constructing large floodwater detention reservoirs.
These structures were usually constructed, maintained, and owned by
one of the federal water management agencies.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
78. Estimating changes in recreational fishing
participation from national water quality policies.
Ribaudo, M. O. and Piper, S.
L.
Water Resources
Research 27 (7):
1757-1763. (July 1991)
NAL Call #:
292.8-W295; ISSN: 0043-1397 [WRERAO]
Descriptors:
water quality/ water policy/ water
pollution/ angling/ participation/ estimation/ models/ agricultural
nonpoint source pollution/ Conservation Reserve Program
Abstract: The complete evaluation of the offsite
effects of national policies or programs that affect levels of
agricultural nonpoint source pollution requires linking extensive
water quality changes to changes in recreational activity. A
sequential decision model is specified to describe an individual's
decisions about fishing. A participation model for recreational
fishing that includes a water quality index reflecting regional
water quality is developed and estimated as a logit model with
national level data. A visitation model for those who decide to
fish that also includes the water quality index is estimated using
ordinary least squares. The water quality index is found to be
significant in the participation model but not in the visitation
model. Together, the two models provide a means of estimating how
changes in water quality might influence the number of recreation
days devoted to fishing. The model is used to estimate changes in
fishing participation for the Conservation Reserve
Program.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
79. Estimating water quality benefits:
Theoretical and methodological issues.
Ribaudo, Marc O.; Hellerstein,
Daniel.; and United States. Dept. of Agriculture.
Economic Research
Service.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of
Agriculture, Economic Research Service; ii, 28 p.: ill.
(1992)
Notes: Cover title. "September 1992"--P. i. Includes
bibliographical references (p. 24-28).
NAL Call #: 1-Ag84Te-no.1808
http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/tb1808/TB1808.PDF
Descriptors:
Water quality
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
80. Evaluation of reforestation in the Lower
Mississippi River Alluvial Valley.
King, S. L. and Keeland, B.
D.
Restoration Ecology
7 (4): 348-359. (1999)
NAL Call #:
QH541.15.R45R515; ISSN: 1061-2971
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
81. Ground water quality implications of soil
conservation measures: An economic perspective.
Setia, P. and Piper, S.
Water Resources
Bulletin 27 (2):
201-208. (Mar. 1991-Apr. 1991)
NAL Call #:
292.9-AM34; ISSN: 0043-1370 [WARBA]
Descriptors:
soil conservation/ groundwater/
water quality/ pesticides/ runoff/ leaching/ agricultural
economics/ USDA/ federal programs/ Corn Belt of USA/ food security
act of 1985/ Conservation Reserve Program/ conservation compliance
provision/ pesticide root zone model --- PZRM/
economic models
Abstract: An evaluation of the intermedia movement
of pesticides applied under various land management systems already
in place, or to be implemented, under the Conservation Reserve and
Conservation Compliance programs is presented. The simulation
modeling approach followed in this analysis consists of a
mathematical programming model and leaching/surface runoff,
Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) models. Special care was taken to
ensure that the physical model was sensitive to the chemical
characteristics of individual pesticides and the important physical
changes brought about by different agricultural practices. Results
show that, although these programs as now planned, increase farm
income and achieve soil conservation goals, they may adversely
affect ground water quality. Also, depending on soil and location
characteristics, there are tradeoffs between surface and ground
water quality implications. Hence, if these programs are to address
water quality problems, the recommended practices must be evaluated
for their impact on water quality, particularly in potentially
vulnerable areas.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
82. Impacts of short-rotation hybrid poplar
plantations on regional water yield.
Perry, C. H.; Miller, R. C.; and
Brooks, K. N.
Forest Ecology and
Management 143
(1-3): 143-151. (2001)
NAL Call #:
SD1.F73; ISSN: 0378-1127
Descriptors:
Water relations/ Forest management/
United States, Minnesota/ Logging/ Vegetation Effects / Hydrology/
Watershed Management/ Water Yield / Groundwater/ Populus/ Effects
on water of human nonwater activities
Abstract: Hybrid poplar plantations are being
established on northwestern Minnesota farmlands in response to
demands for timber, pulp and paper, and as a potential source of
biomass energy. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
estimates that between 30 000 and 40 000 ha of former cropland, and
former Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land that was primarily
herbaceous cover, will be converted to tree plantations by 2005.
This paper reports the results of a 2-year study of the effects of
such land use conversions on water yield for plots within tributary
watersheds of the Red River of the North, in northwestern
Minnesota. Three 8- and 9-year-old hybrid poplar plantations and
three 22- to 34-year-old natural mixed hardwood stands were
instrumented to measure precipitation, soil moisture, and soil
water chemistry. Climatological observations at these sites were
used to estimate potential evapotranspiration. These data were used
to apply the GLEAMS model (Knisel, W.G. (Ed.), 1993. GLEAMS:
groundwater loading effects of agricultural management systems.
UGA-CPES-BAED Publication No. 5, University of Georgia. Coastal
Plain Experimental Station, Tifton, GA, 259 pp.) to predict water
yield from the two cover types. No significant differences in water
yield were detected between hybrid poplar plantations and natural
forest stands (alpha =0.05). The similarities between the hydrology
of these two cover types suggest that increasing the acreage of
short-rotation hybrid poplar plantations may influence average peak
flows in streams, stormflow during average events, snowmelt runoff
and spring flooding in the region.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
83. Implementing Swampbuster: Two years of
progress.
Margheim, G. A.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 43
(1): 27-29. ill. (Jan. 1988-Feb.
1988)
NAL Call #:
56.8-J822; ISSN: 0022-4561 [JSWCA3]
Descriptors:
wetlands / resource conservation/
regulations/ program development/ water conservation/ food security
act of 1985/ wetland conservation provision
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
84. Instream benefits of CRP filter
strips.
Whitworth, M. R. and Martin, D.
C.
In: Transactions of the
fifty-fifth (55th) North American wildlife and natural resources
conference.
(Held 16 Mar 1990-21 Mar 1990 at
Denver, CO.)
McCabe, R. E. (ed.); pp. 40-45;
1990.
Notes: ISSN: 0078-1355
NAL Call #: 412.9 N814
Descriptors:
water quality/ soil erosion/
erosion control/ agricultural runoff/ government policy/
United States/ Prevention and
control
Abstract: The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) are both
involved in developing programs that reduce the environmental
degradation associated with agricultural activities. At EPA, the
water quality impacts that are caused by runoff from farm fields to
lakes, streams, and estuaries are an important issue for the
Nonpoint Source water pollution control program. In February, 1988,
the eligibility requirements for the Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) were changed so that 100-foot field borders parallel to
streams, lakes and estuaries could be leased to the federal
government if left fallow. These field borders, or filter strips,
do not have to meet the "highly erodible" criteria that upland CRP
lands have to meet. This is because filter strips are expected to
reduce the amounts of sediments, nutrients, and pesticides that
flow into surface water and improve the habitat for fish and
biota.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
85. Integrated assessment of uses of woody
draws in agricultural landscapes.
Qiu, Z.; Prato, T.; Godsey, L.;
and Benson, V.
Journal of the American
Water Resources Association 38 (5): 1255-1269. (2002)
NAL Call #:
GB651.W315; ISSN: 1093-474X
Descriptors:
Drainage Area/ Land Use/
Agriculture/ Comparison Studies/ Economic Impact/ Environmental
Effects/ Government Supports/ Resources Management/ Environmental
Policy/ Catchment areas/ Comparative studies/ Economics/
Environmental issues/ Resources/ Evaluation process/ Water
Resources and Supplies
Abstract: This study assesses economic and
environmental impacts of uses of woody draws, small natural
drainage areas covered by trees and shrubs in agricultural
landscapes. Three agricultural uses and four alternative uses are
evaluated. A net present value approach is used to compare economic
impacts of uses of draws and APEX is used to evaluate the
interaction between a woody draw and the contributing upland area
and simulate the environmental impacts of uses of draws in the
field. The study shows that relative to agricultural uses,
alternative uses of draws have significant environmental benefits
in terms of reducing surface runoff and sediment and associated
pollutants, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and pesticides.
Agricultural uses of draws are not always the most profitable
option. Certain alternatives, such as curly willow and the mixed
buffer, are highly profitable. Agricultural landscapes could be
differentially managed to achieve both economic variability and
environmental benefits. Government support is necessary to promote
alternative uses of woody draws. The support can be in the form of
CRP payments or market development of buffer products. Farmers and
resource managers can use study results to manage woody draws and
evaluate the merits of alternative policies for managing woody
draws.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
86. Iowa's wetlands present and future with a
focus on prairie potholes.
Bishop, R A; Joens, J; and Zohrer,
J
Journal of the Iowa Academy
of Science 105
(3): 89-93. (1998)
NAL Call #:
Q11.J68; ISSN: 0896-8381
Descriptors:
pothole habitat/ prairie marsh/
riparian floodplain/ uplands/ wetland restoration/
wildlife habitat
Abstract: The vast prairie marsh-pothole complex
that historically covered approximately 7.6 millions acres in Iowa
was reduced to less than 30,000 acres by 1980 when it was estimated
that only 5,000 acres of prairie marsh and pothole habitat remained
in private ownership. A bleak outlook for the future of wetlands
was presented by Bishop (1981)." This outlook changed with the
development of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan and the
passage of two important pieces of legislation: the North American
Wetlands Conservation Act and the Food Security Act of 1985.
Protection of existing wetlands was afforded through the
Swampbuster provision of the Food Security Act. The North American
Wetlands Conservation Act and the Wetland Reserve Program offered
through the Food Security Act provided needed funding for the
protection and restoration of wetlands in Iowa. Since 1988, the
Iowa Department of Natural Resources, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, and various county conservation boards together with
Pheasants Forever, Ducks Unlimited, and the Iowa Natural Heritage
Foundation have purchased over 10,000 ha (25,000 ac) of wetlands
and uplands in the Prairie Pothole Region of Iowa and restored over
24,240 ha (6,600 ac) of public and private wetlands. The United
States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation
Service has enrolled approximately 24,240 ha (60,600 ac) of
riparian floodplains and potholes into the Wetland Reserve Program
and Emergency Wetland Reserve Program, affording them protection
through permanent easements. Public support of wetland legislation
will ensure that funding continues to be available to protect and
restore Iowa's prairie wetlands.
© Thomson
87. Irrigated Acreage in the Conservation
Reserve Program.
Schaible, G. D.
Washington, DC: Economic Research
Service; ERSAER610XSP; USDAAER610, 1989. 27 p.
Notes: Replaces PB89-214175
NAL Call #: A281.9-Ag8A-no.610
Descriptors:
Land use / Area/ Soil erosion/
Benefit cost analysis/ Erosion control/ Cost effectiveness/
Nebraska/ Texas/ History/ Soil conservation/ Irrigation/ Marginal
land/ Conservation Reserve Program/ Agriculture and food/
Agricultural equipment facilities and operations/ Natural resources
and earth sciences/ Soil sciences
Abstract: Marginal irrigated acreage enrolled
in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) through 1987 represent
less than 2 percent of the 23 million acres enrolled nationwide.
Marginal irrigated acreage is irrigated land that results in low
net returns because of high energy costs (due to high pump lifts
and/or low pump capacities) or low productivity. Most of the
enrolled irrigated acreage is in 17 Western States, with 68 percent
of it in Nebraska and Texas. The report identifies the extent of
marginal irrigated acreage enrolled in the CRP through 1987 and the
potential enrollment in the CRP under two rates of enrollment, the
historical and half the historical rate. The report also examines
why producers would enroll irrigated land in the CRP and estimates
cost savings and other benefits to remaining irrigators in Nebraska
and Texas over a 40-year period.
88. Land use changes since 1982 reduce
pesticide leaching potential.
Kellogg, R. L. and Wallace,
S.
In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual
Meeting of the Soil and Water Conservation Society; p. 22.
(Held 7-9 August, 1995 at Des Moines,
Iowa.); 1995.
Descriptors:
leaching / pesticides/ land use/
indexing/ cropland/ water quality/ benefits/ groundwater/ risks/
mapping/ NRI/ CRP/ Water quality control/ Evaluation, processing
and publication
Abstract: A spatial index based on the
intrinsic leaching potential of soils, annual rainfall, cropping
patterns, and chemical use (originally published by Kellogg,
Maizel, and Goss (1992)) has been updated to incorporate the
recently released 1992 National Resources Inventory (NRI) data on
land use change from 1982 to 1992. Results indicate total number of
acres with a high risk of pesticide leaching fell by 16 million as
a result of changes in land use alone. The reduction of 16 million
high risk acres of cropland conversions to non-cropland use, which
was offset somewhat by 6 million acres of new cropland (since 1982)
that had higher index scores. Of the 22 million acre reduction, 8.3
million were associated with enrollment of cropland in the CRP, 6.5
million were associated with cropland converted to pastureland and
forestland, 1.9 million were due to conversion of cropland to
developed land, 3.8 million were due to changes in the crop mix,
and the remainder to conversion of cropland to a variety of other
uses. The largest reductions in high risk acres attributable to the
CRP occurred in Iowa and Texas. The greatest ground water quality
benefit from the CRP enrollment was in the Midwest, the South, and
the Southeast. National maps will be presented on change in
cropland acreage, average pesticide leaching scores, the change in
pesticide leaching scores during the 10-year period, and a map
showing where the CRP enrollment had the greatest potential for
ground water benefits.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
89. MKT Trial/Hinkson Creek emergency
watershed program project in Boone County, Missouri.
Pellmann NF and Wallace
DC.
In: ASAE Annual International
Meeting. (Held 10 Aug 1997-14 Aug 1997 at
Minneapolis, Minnesota.)
St. Joseph, Mich.: American
Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE); 4 p.; 1997.
Notes: ASAE Paper no. 972075
NAL Call #: S671.3 .A54
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
90. A modeling approach to evaluate best
management practices.
Williams, R D and Nicks, A
D
Water Science and
Technology 28 (3-5):
675-678. ( 1993)
NAL Call #:
TD420.A1P7; ISSN: 0273-1223
Descriptors:
agriculture/ chemicals runoff and
erosion from agricultural management systems/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ mathematical model/ soil pollution/ vegetative filter
strips/ water erosion prediction project/ water
pollution
© Thomson
91. Monitoring changes in agricultural runoff
quality in the Laplatte River Watershed, Vermont.
Meals, D. W.
In: Perspectives on nonpoint
source pollution: Proceedings of a national conference.
(Held 19 May 1985-22 May 1985 at Kansas City,
Missouri.)
Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency; pp. 185-190; 1985.
Notes: Document number: EPA 440-5-85-001
Descriptors:
nonpoint sources/ agricultural
runoff/ Freshwater pollution/ watersheds/ pollution monitoring/
pollution control/ runoff/ nonpoint pollution/ United States,
Vermont, LaPlatte River/ agricultural land/ Environmental action/
Freshwater pollution/ Pollution monitoring and detection/
Prevention and control/ Characteristics, behavior and fate/
Prevention and control
Abstract: The LaPlatte River watershed in
northwestern Vermont is the focus of an intensive program of land
treatment to control agricultural runoff. Best Management Practices
for controlling dairy manure and cropland erosion have been
implemented by the USDA-SCS on 90 percent of the priority areas in
the watershed. A long-term monitoring program is being conducted to
evaluate the effectiveness of BMP application in improving water
quality. The monitoring program includes precipitation and stream
discharge recording and water sampling for suspended solids,
phosphorus, and nitrogen analysis. A concurrent land use monitoring
program is collecting information required to couple changes in
agricultural practices with changes in stream water quality. The
water quality monitoring program is outlined. Application of
several statistical trend analysis techniques to 5 years of record
from four watersheds is described and some results are
discussed.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
92. Nitrate losses through subsurface tile
drainage in Conservation Reserve Program, alfalfa, and row crop
systems.
Randall, G. W.; Huggins, D. R.;
Russelle, M. P.; Fuchs, D. J.; Nelson, W. W.; and Anderson, J.
L.
Journal of Environmental
Quality 26 (5): 1240-1247.
(Sept. 1997-Oct. 1997)
NAL Call #:
QH540.J6; ISSN: 0047-2425 [JEVQAA]
Descriptors:
nitrate nitrogen/ losses from soil/
cropping systems/ biomass production/ zea mays/ glycine max/
medicago sativa/ Minnesota
Abstract: Subsurface drainage of gravitational
water from the soil profile through tiles is a common practice used
to improve crop production on poorly drained soils. Previous
research has often shown significant concentrations of nitrate-N
(NO3-N) in drainage water from row-crop systems, but little
drainage research has been conducted under perennial crops such as
those used in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Four cropping
systems (continuous corn, a corn-soybean rotation, alfalfa, and
CRP) were established in 1988 to determine aboveground biomass
yields, N uptake, residual soil N (RSN), soil water content, and
NO3 losses to subsurface tile drainage water as influenced by
cropping system. Hydrologic-year rainfall during the 6-yr study
ranged from 23% below normal to 66% above normal. In dry years,
yields were limited, RSN accumulated at elevated levels in all crop
systems but especially in the row-crop systems, soil water reserves
and RSN were reduced to as deep as 2.7 m in the alfalfa (Medicago
sativa L.) and CRP systems, and tile drainage did not occur.
Drainage occurred only in the corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean
[Glycine max (L.) Merr.] systems in the year of normal rainfall. In
years of excess precipitation, drainage from the row-crop systems
exceeded that from the perennial crops by 1.1 to 5.3X.
Flow-weighted average NO3-N concentrations in the water during the
flow period of this study were continuous corn = 32, corn-soybean
rotation = 24, alfalfa = 3 and CRP = 2 mg/L. Nitrate losses in the
subsurface drainage water from the continuous corn and corn-soybean
systems were about 37X and 35X higher, respectively, than from the
alfalfa and CRP systems due primarily to greater season-long ET
resulting in less drainage and greater uptake and/or immobilization
of N by the perennial crops.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
93. Nonmarket Economic Benefits Provided by
Increased Recreational Fishing From Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) Related Water Quality Improvement.
Douglas, A. J. and Johnson, R. L.
U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Midcontinent
Ecological Science Center, 2001.
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ Local
conservation programs/ United States/ Klamath Basin
Abstract: Estimated the nonmarket angling
benefits of CRP-related water quality improvements.
94. Permanent Wetland Reserve: Analysis of a
New Approach to Wetland Protection.
Carey, M.; Heimlich, R.; and
Brazee, R.
Washington, DC: Economic Research
Service; USDAAIB610; ERSAIB610XSP, 1990. 20 p.
Notes: Agriculture information bulletin
610;
Replaces PB90-267352
Descriptors:
Regulations/ Land use/ Biological
productivity/ Vulnerability/ Government policies/ Area/ History/
Legislation/ Swamps/ Conservation/ Food Security Act of 1985/ North
American Wetlands Conservation and Restoration Act of 1989/ Natural
resources and earth sciences---Natural resource management
Abstract: Current
Federal wetland protection efforts, such as the Swampbuster
provision of the 1985 farm act, may be insufficient to attain the
administration's goal of 'no net loss' in wetland acreage. One
option is to establish a permanent wetland reserve program, which
the report discusses. The report reviews why wetlands are
important, looks at past and present Federal wetland policies, and
examines the dimensions of a reserve under three sizes. The likely
geographic distribution of the reserve and likely crop rotations
affected are both analyzed, and potential easement and restoration
costs are estimated.
95. A potential integrated water quality
strategy for the Mississippi River basin and the Gulf of
Mexico.
Greenhalgh S and Faeth
P
The Scientific World
1 (S2): 976-983. (2001)
NAL Call #:
472 SCI25.
Notes: UID: 2001.01.354; Number of References: 32;
From: Optimizing nitrogen management in food and energy production
and environmental protection: Proceedings of the 2nd International
Nitrogen Conference on Science and Policy 2001/ Potomac, MD, USA,
14-18 October 2001
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
96. Potential of the Conservation Reserve
Program to control agricultural surface water pollution.
Lant, C. L.
Environmental
Management 15 (4): 507-518.
(1991)
NAL Call #:
HC79.E5E5; ISSN: 0364-152X
Descriptors:
pollution control/ agricultural
pollution/ agricultural runoff/ erosion control/ environmental
protection/ United States/ agriculture/ surface water/ government
programs/ erosion/ Illinois/ Fayette County/ wetlands/ Prevention
and control/ Environmental action/ Land pollution
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP),
initiated by the Conservation Title of the Food Security Act of
1985, is the primary federal program to control nonpoint-source
pollution in agricultural watersheds of the United States. This
study estimates potential enrollment of streamside and floodplain
croplands in this ten-year retirement program in order to gauge the
potential of the CRP as a water-quality improvement policy. A
contingent choice survey design was employed in Fayette County,
Illinois, to demonstrate that there is substantial potential for
retirement of streamside and floodplain croplands in the
CRP.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
97. Rock Creek Rural Clean Water Program: The
experiment continues.
Neubeiser, M. J.
In: Perspectives on Nonpoint
Source Pollution: Proceedings of a national conference.
(Held 19 May 1985-22 May 1985 at Kansas City,
MO.)
Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental
Protection Agency; pp. 391-396;
1985.
Notes: Document number: EPA 440-5-85-001
Descriptors:
nonpoint sources/ Freshwater
pollution/ pollution control/ agricultural runoff/ government
policy/ pollution legislation/ rivers/ nonpoint pollution/
legislation/ United States/ Idaho/ Twin Falls County/ Rock Creek/
Rural Clean Water Program/ Environmental action/ Prevention and
control
Abstract: Rock Creek in Twin Falls County,
Idaho, has long been recognized as one of the most severely
degraded streams in the State. Both point and nonpoint sources of
pollution have contributed to this problem. The 1972 Federal Water
Pollution Control Act (P.L. 92-500) stimulated pollution abatement
efforts, and since then both State and Federal programs have been
directed toward pollution abatement in Rock Creek. Point source
discharges have been essentially eliminated from food processing
plants, fish hatcheries, and the Twin Falls sewage treatment plant.
Agricultural nonpoint sources, however, continue to cause severe
pollution problems within the Rock Creek drainage. Irrigation
return flows to the creek contain high concentrations of suspended
sediment and related agricultural pollutants such as phosphorus,
nitrogen, and fecal coliform bacteria. This paper presents and
discusses the history, major activities, and progress in restoring
the health of Rock Creek through the Rural Clean Water
Program.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
98. Runoff, erosion, and soil quality
characteristics of a former Conservation Reserve Program
site.
Gilley, J. E.; Doran, J. W.;
Karlen, D. L.; and Kaspar, T. C.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 52
(3): 191-193. (June 1997)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
Iowa/ tillage/ runoff rates/ soil
erosion/ organic matter/ simulated rainfall/ conservation/ land
management/ soil conservation/ soil properties/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ soil quality/ Erosion and sedimentation/
Streamflow and runoff/ Environmental degradation / United
States
Abstract: No-till and moldboard plow tillage
systems were established on a former Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) site in southwest Iowa. Runoff rates from simulated rainfall
events were significantly greater on sites returned to crop
production than from adjoining, undisturbed CRP areas. Substantial
soil loss was measured from the moldboard plow treatments, but no
significant differences in erosion rates were found between the
undisturbed CRP and no-till management systems. No-till management
maintained levels of soil quality similar to those of CRP by
preserving soil structural integrity and reducing losses of soil
organic matter (SOM) associated with tillage. Conservation tillage
systems which maintain residue materials on the soil surface may be
well suited for former CRP areas which are used as
cropland.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
99. Sedimentation of Prairie Pothole Wetlands:
The Need for Integrated Research by Agricultural and Wildlife
Interests.
Gleason, R. A. and Euliss, N.
H.
In: Water for Agriculture and
Wildlife and the Environment: Win-Win Opportunities -- Proceedings
from the USCID Wetlands Seminar. (Held 27 Jun 1996-28 Jun 1996 at Bismarck,
North Dakota.) Schaack, J.; Anderson, S. S.; U.S. Committee on
Irrigation and Drainage; and U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
(eds.)
Denver, Colo.: U.S. Committee on
Irrigation and Drainage; pp. 107-114; 1997.
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
Regional conservation programs/
Prairie Pothole region
Abstract: Examined the influences of
sedimentation on wildlife values in wetlands within the Prairie
Pothole Region.
100. Soil management after CRP contracts
expire.
Schumacher, T. E.; Lindstrom, M.
J.; Blecha, M. L.; Cogo, N. P.; Clay, D. E.; and Bleakley, B.
H.
In: Clean water, clean
environment, 21st century team agriculture, working to protect
water resources conference proceedings. (Held 5 Mar 1995-8 Mar 1995 at Kansas City,
Missouri.); Vol. 3.
St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE; pp.
239-242; 1995.
NAL Call #: TD365.C54-1995; ISBN: 0929355601
Descriptors:
soil conservation/ cover crops/
bromus inermis/ medicago sativa/ no-tillage/ chiselling/ plowing/
moldboards/ biological activity in soil/ mineralization/ nitrogen/
carbon/ soil flora/ land banks/ soil organic matter/ South Dakota/
Conservation Reserve Programs
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
101. Subsurface drain losses of water and
nitrate following conversion of perennials to row crops.
Huggins, D. R.; Randall, G. W.;
and Russelle, M. P.
Agronomy Journal
93 (3): 477-486.
(May 2001-June 2001)
NAL Call #:
4-AM34P; ISSN: 0002-1962 [AGJOAT]
Descriptors:
medicago sativa/ glycine max/ zea
mays/ rotations/ rowcrops/ perennials/ drainage/ soil water/
nitrate/ water quality/ use efficiency/ water use efficiency/
Minnesota
Abstract: Nitrate losses through subsurface drains
in agricultural fields pose a serious threat to surface water
quality. Substantial reductions in drainage losses of NO3-N can
occur with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or perennial grasses as
used in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) plantings. Conversion of
perennials to annual row crops, however, could have rapid, adverse
affects on water quality. We evaluated water and N use efficiency
of row crops following perennials, and losses of water and NO3-N to
subsurface drains. Four cropping systems: continuous corn (Zea mays
L.), a corn-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation, alfalfa
(ALF), and CRP, were established in 1988. The ALF and CRP were
converted to a corn-corn-soybean sequence from 1994 through 1996
while continuous corn (C-C) and corn-soybean (C-S) rotations were
maintained. Following CRP, corn yield was 14% and water use
efficiency (WUE) 20% greater as compared with C-C. Yield was 19%
and WUE 21% greater for soybean following corn in CRP and ALF as
compared with C-S. Residual soil NO3-N (RSN) increased 125% in
first year corn following CRP and was 32% greater than C-C by 1996.
High N uptake efficiencies of corn following alfalfa slowed the
buildup of RSN, but levels were equal to row crop systems after 2
yr. Nitrate losses in drainage water remained low during the
initial year of conversion, but were similar to row crop systems
during the subsequent 2 yr. Beneficial effects of perennials on
subsurface drainage characteristics were largely negated following
1 to 2 yr of corn.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
102. Survey of management practices used for
reserve acreage and grassed waterways.
Pike, D. R.; Knake, E. L.; and
Hill, J. L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 49
(6): 612-615. (1994)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
agricultural practices/ waterways/
crops/ soil conservation/ farms/ land management/ Watershed
protection
Abstract: During 1991 a mail survey of Illinois
farmers was conducted to determine cover crop usage and pest
control practices on government subsidized program plantings.
Ninety-four percent of the respondents reported having Acreage
Reduction Program (ARP) plantings, 21% having Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) plantings, and 29% having grass waterways or filter
strips. Results of the survey indicate that oats (Avena sativa),
alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and clover (Trifolium spp.) were the
most widely used crops for ARP plantings while perennial grasses,
alfalfa, and clover combinations were widely used for CRP
plantings. Herbicides were used by only 9% of the farmers for
control of weeds on ARP. In the opinion of the farmers surveyed,
wildlife populations have increased for several animals. While
weeds in program plantings were noted by a large number of farmers,
injury by insects in crops adjacent to ARP and CRP was reported by
fewer than 20% of the farmers.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
103. The use of Conservation Reserve Program
land for grazing cattle.
Boyles, S. L.; Stoll, B. W.; and
Dobbles, T. L.
Journal of Sustainable
Agriculture 18
(4): 113-120. (2001)
NAL Call #:
S494.5.S86S8; ISSN: 1044-0046 [JSAGEB]
Descriptors:
cattle/ grazing/ nature
conservation/ agricultural land/ land use/ intensive husbandry/
rotational grazing/ stocking rate/ liveweight gain/ crude protein/
protein intake/ nitrate nitrogen/ Ohio
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is
a voluntary program under which landowners enter into contracts
with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to remove
highly erodible and environmentally sensitive cropland from
production. A 3 year project was done to evaluate intensive,
rotational cattle grazing as an alternative for this land when it
is removed from the federal program. A 16 ha area was divided into
28 cells for grazing. Cattle were moved to a new cell on a daily
basis. A seasonal average stocking rate of 3.5 hd ha(-1) was used
during the three-year study. Yearling cattle (248 +/- 17.9 kg) were
placed on grass in the spring. Average daily gain was .7 +/- .03 kg
d(-1). Crude protein (23 +/- 4.7%) did not change over years (P
> .05). Breakeven values needed to meet direct and overhead
expenses ranged from $US 0.87 to $US 0.73/kg gain. Based on
nitrate-nitrogen levels in run-off water samples, maintaining
forage on what was CRP land and using it for grazing does meet the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conservation compliance
demands to participate in other USDA programs.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
104. Water Quality and the Conservation Reserve
Program: Implications of Targeting Saline Croplands.
Aillery, M. P.
In: Nonpoint pollution 1988:
Policy, economy, management, and appropriate technology --
Proceedings of a symposium.
Bethesda, Maryland: American Water
Resources Association; pp. 261-270; 1988.
Descriptors:
Conservation---Cropland/
Environmental policy/ Government finance/ Nonpoint pollution
sources/ Saline soils/ Water resources management/ Cost benefit
analysis/ Crop production/ Farming/ Governmental interrelations/
Irrigation/ Water policy/ Water quality control/ Conservation in
agricultural use
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) of the 1985 Food Security Act provides an opportunity for
improved water quality and higher farm prices through retirement of
environmentally-sensitive croplands. Although current enrollment is
limited to highly erodible soils and stream buffers, salinity is
cited as one of several criteria which may be used to determine
future cropland eligibility. Extending CRP eligibility to highly
saline irrigated soils has an effect on acreage enrollment, water
quality, production control, and program cost. Modification of
program eligibility criteria to include irrigated saline croplands
will not significantly expand the national acreage pool, although
local effects may be important. Potential new enrollment is limited
by additional eligible acreage, county enrollment ceilings, and
enrollment incentives for irrigated lands. Offsite water quality
benefits attributable to reduced salt-loading may be very
significant. However, enrollment of irrigated saline cropland is
less cost-effective than currently eligible cropland from a
commodity supply perspective. State involvement in support of a CRP
salinity provision is likely to increase program effectiveness.
(See also W91-03704) (Author 's abstract)
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
105. Water Quality Benefits from the
Conservation Reserve Program.
Ribaudo, M. O.
Washington, DC: Economic Research
Service, Resources and Technology Div.; USDAAER606; ERSAER606XSP,
1989. 40 p.
Notes: Replaces PB89-175624
NAL Call #: A281.9-Ag8A-no.606
Descriptors:
Ground water/ Cost benefit
analysis/ Land reclamation/ Land use/ Soil erosion/ Soil
conservation/ Water quality/ Farmlands/ Environmental transport/
Nonpoint sources/ Food Security Act of 1985/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ Natural resources and earth sciences/ Soil sciences/
Hydrology and limnology
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program, a
land retirement program designed to remove from production 40 to 45
million acres of highly erodible cropland, may generate an
estimated $3.5 to $4 billion in water quality benefits. Potential
benefits include lower water treatment costs, lower sediment
removal costs, less flood damage, less damage to equipment which
uses water, and increased recreational fishing. Benefits were
estimated with a set of procedures that approximated the physical,
chemical, biological, and economic links between soil erosion and
water use.
106. Water quality improvement and wetlands
restoration.
Weitman, D.
In: When Conservation Reserve
Program contracts expire: The policy options; Ankeny, IA: Soil and
Water Conservation Society, 1994. pp. 20-22
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program/
United States
Abstract: Addressed the importance of water
quality and wetland benefits related to CRP.
107. Watershed water quality programs: Lessons
learned in Illinois.
Davenport, T. and Lowrey,
J.
In: Perspectives on nonpoint
source pollution: Proceedings of a national conference.
(Held 19-22 May 1985; at Kansas City,
MO.)
Washington, D.C.: U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency; pp. 256-258; 1985.
Notes: Document number: EPA 440-5-85-001
Descriptors:
nonpoint sources/ watersheds/
pollution control/ Freshwater pollution/ agricultural pollution/
soil erosion/ government policy/ United States, Illinois/ lakes/
nonpoint pollution/ Illinois/ state policies/ United States,
Illinois, Pittsfield Lake/ Environmental action/ Pollution control/
Prevention and control
Abstract: Several nonpoint source control
projects--Sec. 108 Great Lakes Demonstration Projects, Clean Lakes
Projects, Sec. 314 Agricultural Conservation Program Projects, and
Rural Clean Water Projects--have been implemented in watersheds
critical for agricultural pollution. Evaluation of these ongoing
nonpoint source control projects is necessary for facilitating
future NPS control programs. Presently in the State of Illinois, 2
major watershed nonpoint source evaluation projects exist--the Lake
Pittsfield (Blue Creek) and Silver Lake (Highland) Watershed
projects. Recommendations on projects selection, development, and
implementation are discussed based on evaluation of these projects.
Priority lakes for agricultural nonpoint source water quality
problem abatement are tabulated in order of priority.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
108. Wetlands Reserve Pilot Program: An
assessment based on state leadership workshops.
American Farmland
Trust.
Washington, D.C.: American
Farmland Trust;
12, 10 p. (1993)
Notes: Cover title. "December 1993."
NAL Call #: QH75-.W47-1993
Descriptors:
Wetland conservation/
Wetlands
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
109. Wetlands Reserve Program.
Hussey, S. L.
Fisheries 19 (8): 42-43. (1994)
NAL Call #:
SH1.F54; ISSN: 0363-2415
Descriptors:
wetlands / fishery resources/
agriculture/ nature conservation/ legislation/ resources
management/ environmental protection/ fisheries/ habitats/ wildlife
conservation/ Wetlands Reserve Program/ Stock assessment and
management/ Law/ policy/ economics/ social sciences/ Conservation/
wildlife management/ recreation/ Water law and institutions/
Environmental action/ United States
Abstract: Historically, one of the greatest threats
to wetlands has been drainage for agricultural purposes. One-fourth
of U.S. Cropland, more than 100 million acres, was obtained by
clearing and draining wetlands. This loss of wetland functions and
terrestrial ecosystems. Three-fourths of the nation's fish
production depends on wetlands. A wetlands protection program with
tremendous potential is the Wetlands Reserve Program, authorized by
the food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act of 1990. While
not commonly associated with fisheries, this program offers
significant opportunities to improve fisheries habitats. The
Wetlands Reserve Program was established for the voluntary
restoration and protection of wetland by landowners through
permanent or 30-year easements on up to 1 million acres of wetlands
previously modified for agricultural production. The program is
designed to take marginal cropland out of production, providing
landowners with the opportunity to benefit by maintaining wetlands.
Riparian areas are also eligible for enrollment in the program. The
prospect of habitat for fish and wildlife is one national priority
factor in determining eligibility for enrollment.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
110. When a Landowner Adopts a Riparian Buffer:
Benefits and Costs.
Lynch, L. and Tjaden, R. Maryland
Cooperative Extension; Fact Sheet 774, 2000.
http://www.riparianbuffers.umd.edu/PDFs/FS774.pdf
Descriptors:
State conservation programs/
Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program/ Maryland
Abstract: Detailed costs and benefits of
riparian buffer installation.
111. Agricultural land use patterns of native
ungulates in south-eastern Montana.
Selting, J. P. and Irby, L.
R.
Journal of Range
Management 50 (4):
338-345.
(July 1997)
NAL Call #:
60.18-J82; ISSN: 0022-409X [JRMGAQ]
Descriptors:
odocoileus hemionus/ odocoileus
virginianus/ antilocapra americana/ wild animals/ habitat
selection/ population density/ patterns/ seasonal variation/
agricultural land/ Montana/ Conservation Reserve Program
lands
Abstract: Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus),
white-tailed deer (Odocolieus virginianus), and pronghorn antelope
(Antilocapra americana) use of 6 agricultural land use categories
in southeastern Montana were monitored to identify use patterns at
specific sites. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), bottom rangeland,
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands, upland rangeland, wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) stubble, and growing wheat were observed
during dawn, day, dusk, and night hours over a period of 12 months.
Mule deer densities on alfalfa peaked in fall and again in spring.
The CRP lands were selected in all seasons. Rangeland sites were
most heavily used in winter and summer. White-tailed deer used CRP
lands in all seasons except fall. Alfalfa was selected in fall,
spring, and summer. Antelope densities on alfalfa were highest in
spring and fall, while growing wheat fields were used most in
spring. Antelope in the northern study area selected CRP land in
all seasons except fall. Densities of animals and patterns of use
observed during this study would be unlikely to produce significant
impacts on forage or crops at most of our study sites.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
112. Agricultural Practices, Farm Policy, and
the Conservation of Biological Diversity.
Gerard, P. W.
Laurel, Md: National Biological
Service; PB95262515XSP, 1995. 32 p.
Notes: Also pub. as National Biological Service,
Laurel, MD. rept. no. BIOLOGICAL-4.
Descriptors:
Endangered species/ Birds/
Policies/ Biological indicators/ Cultivated lands/ Wildlife
conservation/ Agricultural lands/ Biodiversity/ Natural resources
and earth sciences/ Natural resource management/ Agriculture
and food/ Agricultural equipment facilities and
operations
Abstract: Long-term wildlife population
declines are associated with changing agricultural practices.
Cropland expansion, agricultural intensification, and national farm
policies are all implicated in these declines. Social, economic,
technological, and political factors determine where, what, and how
a farmer produces crops and therefore his or her effect on wildlife
habitat. Farmers are also influenced by Department of Agriculture
programs, which therefore are indirectly implicated in wildlife
population declines. Changes in the prairie and Great Plains
agricultural landscape since the 1950s provide a clear example of
the relation between federal agriculture policy, farmers' land-use
practices, and the decline of grassland bird species. Early
research indicates that the Conservation Reserve Program may help
to slow or reverse wildlife losses, including those of several
species listed as endangered. However, Conservation Reserve Program
benefits to wild life populations may vary considerably across the
United States. Wildlife conservation in the agricultural landscape
is limited by conflicting conservation objectives, the voluntary
nature of federal agriculture programs, and the habitat
requirements of many endangered vertebrate species.
113. Animal and habitat relationships in the
South Platte basin with emphasis on threatened and endangered
species.
Fitzgerald, J. P.
In: Endangered Species Management:
Planning Our Future, Proceedings of the 6th Annual 1996 South
Platte Forum.
(Held 25 Oct 1995-26 Oct 1995
at Greeley, Colorado.) Graf, D. and
Williams, D. J. (eds.)
Fort Collins, CO: Colorado Water
Resources Research Institute, Colorado State University;
pp. 8; 1995.
Descriptors:
United States/ Colorado/ South
Platte River Basin/ wildlife habitats/ river basins/ animal
populations/ priorities/ wildlife management/ preservation/ spatial
distribution/ species diversity/ Ecological impact of water
development
Abstract: A minimum of 353 species of
terrestrial vertebrates reside in or make important seasonal use of
habitats in the South Platte River basin in Colorado. The list
includes 252 birds, 69 mammals, 22 reptiles, and 10 amphibians.
When species are tied to habitat requisites, the most critical
habitats in priority of management needs/preservation are: 1.
Grassland/Prairie; 2. Plains Riparian/Wetlands; 3. Middle to High
Elevation Forests. In a management context the two most critical
habitat types present the most serious problems. Most of the
eastern plains is in private ownership with few incentives
available to landowners for protection/habitat management. Habitat
is becoming fragmented with less than one-third still in prairie.
Water allocation and use patterns as well as human population
growth patterns are increasing pressures on remaining plains
landscapes, especially at the foothills/plains interface in the
basin. Agricultural patterns including increasing use of the
Conservation Reserve Program will also likely effect distributional
patterns of wildlife, perhaps to the detriment of some species.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (CSA)
114. An annotated bibliography for wildlife
responses to the Conservation Reserve Program.
Allen, A. W.
In: A comprehensive review of Farm
Bill contributions wildlife conservation, 1985-2000/ Heard, L. P;
Hohman, W. L.; Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management
Institute (U.S.); Series: Technical Report
USDA/NRCS/WHMI.
Madison, MS: USDA, NRCS, Wildlife
Habitat Management Institute, 2000; pp. 151-206
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
wildlife habitats/ wildlife management
115. Annual set-aside programs: A long-term
perspective of habitat quality in Illinois and the
Midwest.
Warner, Richard E.; Etter, Stanley
L.; David, Larry M.; and Mankin, Philip C.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 28 (2): 347-354.
(2000)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648.
Notes: 3 tables; 1 figure.
Descriptors:
policies and programs/ farms/ food
crops/ production/ grassland/ cultivated farmland/ habitat
management for wildlife/ conservation programs/ land use/ cover/
vegetation/ agriculture/ habitat change/ grains/ prairie/ extensive
agriculture/ North America/ United States/ Illinois/
Iowa
Abstract: Farm programs that divert cropland from
production have been important for establishing grassy habitat in
the Midwest since the 1930s. This study documents 1) the expansion
of row crop production and general decline of grasses on farm
landscapes of the Midwest in recent decades, and 2) the trend
toward short-term set-aside programs that establish grassy habitat
of marginal value, depicted in Illinois. During the 1980s and early
1990s, row crop production in the Midwest moderated and millions of
hectares of grassland were established on cropland diverted from
production. Nonetheless, from 1964 to 1992, row crop plantings
increased by 39%, with an 84% increase in soybeans being the most
striking land-use change. Row crops supplanted numerous cover types
that have grassy structure, including oats (-83%), wheat (-10%),
other minor crops (-51%), permanent pasture (-54%), diverted
cropland (-51%), and other farmland (-41%). On a study area in
east-central Illinois, we evaluated and compared selected habitat
characteristics of grassy cover for 1962-63 and 1991-94 on 100
randomly selected 4.05-ha plots, including tract width,
heterogeneity of vegetation, disturbance during the growing season,
persistence of vegetation from one growing season to the next, and
extent to which grassy fields were connected by permanent (grass)
edges to surrounding landscape elements. There was a diminution
(P<0.05) in these habitat attributes in the 1990s compared to
the 1960s. The conservation community has emphasized the potential
benefits of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) for wildlife,
while most of the grassland in the Corn Belt has been established
by annual set-aside programs. Although the most recent set-aside
era ended in the late 1990s, programs of this nature may reemerge.
Our study underscores the need and opportunity for improving
habitat conditions as part of future farm programs that would
divert land from production under short-term contract.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
116. Are economic instruments the saviour for
biodiversity on private land?
Gibbons, P; Briggs, S V; and
Shields, J M
Pacific Conservation
Biology 7 (4): 223-228.
(2002); ISSN:
1038-2097
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
biodiversity conservation/ economic instruments/ ecosystem
vulnerability/ environmental condition/ metapopulation viability/
offset schemes/ private lands/ representative ecosystem examples/
stewardship schemes/ tax concessions/
temporal support
© Thomson
117. Area Requirements of Grassland Birds: A
Regional Perspective.
Johnson, D. H. and Igl, L.
D.
Auk 118(1): 24-34.
(2001)
NAL Call #:
413.8 AU4
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program/
Great Plains
Abstract: Examined the influence of fragmentation
and isolation of CRP grassland fields on grassland breeding bird
populations in the northern Great Plains.
118. The Arkansas response to federal farm
program opportunities.
Long, J. D.; Akers, D.; and
Wilson, S. N.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 46
(4):
272-275. (July 1991-Aug.
1991)
NAL Call #:
56.8-J822; ISSN: 0022-4561 [JSWCA3]
Descriptors:
farmland/ wildlife conservation/
habitats/ environmental protection/ federal programs/ Conservation
Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
119. Association of the Conservation Reserve
Program with ring-necked pheasant survey counts in Iowa.
Riley, Terry Z
Wildlife Society Bulletin
23 (3): 386-390. (1995)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648
Descriptors:
Phasianus colchicus (Galliformes)/
animals/ birds/ chordates/ nonhuman vertebrates/ vertebrates/
agriculture/ snowfall/ weather/ wildlife management
Abstract: More than 880,000 ha of Iowa farmland
were enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) from
1986-1991. I evaluated the relationship between CRP enrollment and
ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in Iowa and how
cropland and weather affected that relationship. Six percent of the
land area in Iowa was enrolled in the CRP between 1986 and 1991.
Pheasant numbers in Iowa increased 30% during the first 5 years of
the CRP compared to a similar period before the program began (P =
0.026). Numbers increased 34% (P lt 0.018) in counties with gt 70%
cropland and 26% (P= 0.12) in counties with 50-70% cropland. I did
not detect increases in pheasant numbers in counties with lt 50%
cropland (P gt 0.71). Pheasant numbers were positively related to
the CRP, but this function was also influenced by percent cropland
and cumulative snowfall.
© Thomson
120. Avian abundance and diversity in CRP, crop
fields, pastures, and restored and native grasslands during
winter.
Morris, Kelly
Passenger Pigeon
62 (3/4): 217-224.
(2000);
ISSN: 0031-2703
Descriptors:
birds/ crops/ conservation/ species
diversity/ hibernation/ snow/ grass prairies/ meadows/ agricultural
conservation programs
Abstract: I compared grassland bird use of land set
aside by the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), crop fields,
pastures, and restored and native prairies during winter in
southern Wisconsin. Species diversity was highest in crop fields,
followed by restored prairie, CP2 (CRP fields planted to native
grasses), native prairie remnants, and pastures. Avian abundance
(number of individuals seen per hour of observation) was highest in
pastures, followed by restored prairie, CP2, crop fields and native
prairie. No birds were observed in CP1 fields (CRP fields planted
to introduced grasses and legumes). Avian abundance in crop fields
and native prairie was higher during periods of incomplete snow
cover than during periods with 100% snow cover, while the reverse
was true for restored prairie and CP2 sites. The variety of
habitats used by grassland birds during winter should be taken into
account when management plans are being developed for these
species.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
121. Avian abundance, composition, and
reproductive success on Conservation Reserve Program fields in
northern Missouri.
McCoy, T. D.
Columbia, MO: University of
Missouri, 1996.
Notes: M.S. Thesis
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ Missouri
Abstract: Studied various avian species
abundance, composition, and reproductive success in different
grassland types (CP1 vs. CP2) in northern Missouri.
122. Avian abundance in CRP and crop fields
during winter in the midwest.
Best, Louis B; Campa, Henry; Kemp,
Kenneth E; Robel, Robert J; Ryan, Mark R; Savidge, Julie; Weeks,
Harmon P Jr; and Winterstein, Scott R
American Midland
Naturalist 139 (2): 311-324.
(1998)
NAL Call #:
410 M58; ISSN: 0003-0031
Descriptors:
dark eyed junco (Passeriformes)/
horned lark (Passeriformes)/ lapland longspur (Passeriformes)/
meadowlark (Passeriformes)/ mourning dove (Columbiformes)/ northern
bobwhite (Galliformes)/ ring necked pheasant (Galliformes)/
American goldfinch (Passeriformes)/ American tree sparrow
(Passeriformes)/ Canada goose (Anseriformes)/ European starling
(Passeriformes)/ Animals/ Birds/ Chordates/ Nonhuman Vertebrates/
Vertebrates/ crop fields/ species abundance/ species composition/
winter/ Conservation Reserve Program
Abstract: We compared the abundance and species
composition of birds in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields
with the same aspects in row-crop fields during the winter (January
and February) over several years (1992-1995) for six Midwestern
states (Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri and Nebraska).
Field techniques were standardized in all states. CRP fields
consisted of either permanent introduced grasses and legumes (CP1)
or permanent native grasses (CP2), and the plant species seeded in
CRP fields differed within and among states. Vegetation
characteristics of CRP fields varied considerably from state to
state, but vertical density and total canopy cover (primarily
grasses) were particularly high in Nebraska. Mean annual total bird
abundance ranged from 0.1 to 5.1 birds per km of transect in CRP
fields and from 0.1 to 24.2 in row-crop fields. The total number of
bird species recorded in CRP fields in the six states ranged from 6
to 32; the range for row-crop fields was 8 to 18. The most abundant
species in CRP fields differed among states but included the
ring-necked pheasant, American tree sparrow, northern bobwhite,
dark-eyed junco and American goldfinch. The most abundant species
in row-crop fields included the horned lark, American tree sparrow,
European starling, mourning dove, lapland longspur, meadowlarks and
Canada goose. Some of the most abundant bird species wintering on
CRP fields have been undergoing long-term population declines, thus
this program has the potential to mitigate population
losses.
© Thomson
123. Avian community structure, reproductive
success, vegetative structure, and food availability in burned CRP
Fields and grazed pastures in northeastern Kansas.
Klute, D. S.
Manhattan, KS: Kansas State
University, 1994.
Notes: M.S. Thesis
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ Kansas
Abstract: Compared avian community structure
and reproductive success, food availability, and vegetative
structure in CRP grasslands in northern Kansas that were grazed and
burned.
124. Avian Population Trends Within the
Evolving Agricultural Landscape of Eastern and Central United
States.
Murphy, MT
Auk 120 (1): 20-34. (Jan. 2003)
NAL Call #:
413.8 AU4; ISSN: 0004-8038
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
Migratory Birds/ CRP Fields/ Nesting Success/ Breeding Birds/ North
America/ Habitat/ Grassland/ Abundance/ Songbirds
Abstract: State-level Breeding Bird Survey
(1980-1998) and U.S. Department of Agriculture statistics were used
to test the hypothesis that changes in agricultural land use within
the eastern and central U.S. have driven population trends of
grassland and shrub habitat birds over the past two decades. The
degree to which population trends differed between grassland and
shrub habitats was evaluated with respect to migratory and nesting
behavior. Grassland birds declined significantly between 1980 and
1999, but, on average, shrub habitat species did not.
Grassland-breeding, long-distance migrants exhibited the strongest
negative trends. Most species (78%; n = 63) exhibited at least one
significant association between population trends and changes in
agricultural land use, and in most, land use "explained" 25-30% of
the variation in population trends among states. Changes in the
farmland landscape accounted for more of the interstate variability
of population trends of short-distance migrants than of both long-
distance migrants and residents, and that variability was greater
in grassland than shrub species. Declines in the area of rangeland
and cover crops were followed by population declines and increases,
respectively, by many species. Increases of land in the
Conservation Reserve Program had negative associations with
population trends of some shrub species. The results indicate that
grassland birds have declined strongly over the past two decades,
and that regardless of migratory behavior or nesting habits, avian
population trends are linked strongly to changes in agricultural
land use within North America.
© Thomson ISI
125. Avian response to landscape change in
fragmented southern Great Plains grasslands.
Coppedge, Bryan R.; Engle, David
M.; Masters, Ronald E.; and Gregory, Mark S.
Ecological
Applications 11 (1): 47-59.
(2001)
NAL Call #:
QH540.E23; ISSN: 1051-0761
Descriptors:
bird communities/ neotropical
migrant species/ conservation/ aerial photography/ Juniperus spp/
plains/ prairies/ agricultural conservation programs
Abstract: We examined the dynamics of avian
communities associated with fragmented grasslands in Oklahoma USA,
using long-term (1965-1995) raw (stop-level) data from the Breeding
Bird Survey (BBS). Aerial photography was used to document changes
in land cover type and landscape pattern as affected by woody plant
(mostly Juniperus virginiana L.) encroachment and concurrent
cropland conversions to agricultural grassland under the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Rank trend analysis identified
species with significant population trends, and canonical
correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to identify important
environmental gradients froma group of descriptive habitat
variables that included land cover type composition and indices of
vegetation cover, landscape pattern, and grassland patch structure.
Avian community structure shifted along gradients of increasing
woody plant cover and indicators of continuing landscape
fragmentation. Open-habitat generalists, woodland, and successional
scrub species generally increased, whereas many grassland species
decreased. In some instances, neotropical migrants responded
positively to increasing woody vegetation. Some grassland birds
also showed a positive response to increases in agricultural
grassland, but only in areas of severe juniper encroachment. Most
grassland species exhibited consistent declines related to the
influx of woody vegetation and associated landscape changes. Woody
plant encroachment into southern Great Plains grasslands already
fragmented by agricultural activity represents a conservation
management dilemma. Although woody vegetation in remnant native
prairies may provide habitat for some declining neotropical
migrants that require shrubby areas, grassland structure and
suitability is compromised for many declining grassland-endemic
birds. Cropland conversion to agricultural grassland does appear to
provide suitable for some grassland species. However, this benefit
appears to be limited to areas where woody plant invasion into
grasslands is relatively advanced, and may have only a temporary
effect, as most CRP areas are likely to return to agricultural
production in the near future. Changes are needed in grassland
management practices to restrict woody plant encroachment and
fragmentation; otherwise, continued declines in grassland bird
populations can be expected.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
126. Avian use and vegetation characteristics
of Conservation Reserve Program fields.
Delisle, Jennifer M. and Savidge,
Julie A.
Journal of Wildlife
Management 61
(2): 318-325. (1997)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X
Descriptors:
bobolinks (Passeriformes)/ common
yellowthroat (Passeriformes)/ dickcissels (Passeriformes)/
grasshopper sparrow (Passeriformes) / ring necked pheasant
(Galliformes)/ American tree sparrow (Passeriformes)/ Ammodramus
savannarum (Passeriformes)/ Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Passeriformes)/
Geothlypis trichas (Passeriformes)/ Phasianus colchicus
(Galliformes)/ Spiza americana (Passeriformes)/ Spizella arborea
(Passeriformes)/ Sturnella spp. (Passeriformes)/ animals/ birds/
chordates/ nonhuman vertebrates/ vertebrates/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ fields/ meadowlarks / seasonality/ species abundance/
vegetation structure/ wildlife management
Abstract: We compared avian use of Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) fields enrolled in the CP1 (cool-season
grasses and legumes) and CP2 (warm-season native grasses) options
in southeastern Nebraska from 1991 to 1995. In winter and in the
breeding season CP2 fields had taller, denser vegetation than CP1
fields. However, total bird abundance did not differ between CP1
and CP2 fields (P = 0.47). Dickcissels (Spiza americana) and
grasshopper sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) were the most abundant
species during the breeding season although population numbers
varied among years (P lt 0.001). Dickcissels and grasshopper
sparrows showed no differences in abundance between CPs, but
dickcissels were associated with tall, dense vegetation and
grasshopper sparrows with sparser vegetation and a shallow litter
layer. Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) were more abundant on CP1
fields (P = 0.001), and common yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas)
and sedge wrens (Cistothorus platensis) were more abundant on CP2
fields (P = 0.001 and P = 0.05). Average winter abundances did not
change over years (P = 0.90). American tree sparrows (Spizella
arborea) and ring- necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) were the
most abundant species during winter and were more abundant on CP2
fields (P lt 0.05). Meadowlarks (Sturnella spp.) were more abundant
on CP1 fields in winter (P lt 0.05).
© Thomson
127. Avian use of fields enrolled in the
Conservation Reserve Program in southeast Nebraska.
Delisle, Jennifer M.
Lincoln, Nebraska: University of
Nebraska, 1995.
Notes: Thesis (M.S.);
Includes bibliographical
references.
NAL Call #: NBU LD3656-1995-D455
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program---United States/ Birds---Habitat---Nebraska
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
128. Big bluestem evaluations in the Eastern
Plains.
Moyer, J. L.; Fine, G.; and
Walker, J.
In: Report of progress: Kansas
Agricultural Experiment Station, 606; Manhattan, Kan.: Agricultural
Experiment Station, Kansas State College of Agriculture and Applied
Science, 1990. 9 p.
Notes: ISSN: 1061-7841
NAL Call #: 100-K133P
Descriptors:
andropogon gerardii/ cultivars/
forage/ comparisons / agronomic characteristics/ crop yield/ crude
protein/ digestibility/ conservation areas/ weather data/ Kansas/
Oklahoma/ Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
129. Bird abundance and nesting in CRP fields
and cropland in the midwest: A regional approach.
Best, Louis B; Campa, Henry; Kemp,
Kenneth E; Robel, Robert J; Ryan, Mark R; Savidge, Julie; Weeks,
Harmon P Jr; and Winterstein, Scott R
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 25 (4): 864-877.
(1997)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648
Descriptors:
nest predation/ nesting success/
rowcrop field/ species abundance/ vegetational structure/
Conservation Reserve Program/ Agelaius phoeniceus [red winged
blackbird] (Passeriformes)/ Ammodramus savannarum [grasshopper
sparrow] (Passeriformes)/ Spiza americana [dickcissel]
(Passeriformes)
Abstract: We compared the abundance and nesting
success of avian species in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
fields during the summer with that in rowcrop fields over 5 years
(1991-1995) for 6 Midwestern states (Ind., Ia., Kans., Mich., Mo.,
and Nebr.). Field techniques were standardized in all states. CRP
fields consisted of either perennial introduced grasses and legumes
(CP1) or perennial native grasses (CP2), and the plant species
seeded in CRP fields differed within and among the states.
Disturbances to CRP fields included mowing (partial or complete),
application of herbicides, and burning. The height, vertical
density, and canopy coverage of vegetation in CRP fields were
measured in each state; values for these measurements were
particularly low in Kansas. Mean annual total bird abundance in CRP
fields ranged from 4.9 to 29.3 birds/km of transect. The most
abundant species on CRP fields differed among states but included
red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), grasshopper sparrows
(Ammodramus savannarum), and dickcissels (Spiza americana).
Although the total number of bird species was similar in CRP and
rowcrop fields across the region, bird abundance was 1.4-10.5 times
greater in the former. Nests of 33 bird species were found in CRP
fields compared with only 10 species in rowcrop fields, and the
number of nests found was 13.5 times greater in CRP fields. Nest
success in CRP fields was 40% overall; predation was the greatest
cause of nest failure. Long-term farm set-aside programs that
establish perennial grass cover, such as the CRP, seem to provide
many benefits for grassland birds, including several species for
which conservation is a great concern.
© Thomson
130. Bird abundance and nesting success in Iowa
CRP fields: The importance of vegetation structure and
composition.
Patterson, Matthew P and Best, L
B
American Midland
Naturalist 135 (1): 153-167.
(1996)
NAL Call #:
410 M58; ISSN: 0003-0031
Descriptors:
passerine (Passeriformes)/ Aves
(Aves Unspecified) / Plantae (Plantae Unspecified)/ animals/ birds/
chordates/ nonhuman vertebrates/ plants / vertebrates/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ land management practice
Abstract: Bird use of Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) and row-crop fields was studied in central Iowa from May
through July 1991-1993. Thirty-three bird species were recorded in
CRP fields and 34 in row-crop fields. The most abundant species in
both habitats was the red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus),
accounting for 35% of all birds in CRP and 24% in row-crop fields.
The dickcissel (Spiza americana), grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus
savannarum), bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), common yellowthroat
(Geothypis trichas), brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater),
savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) and ring-necked
pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) were the next most abundant species
in CRP plots. The horned lark (Eremophila alpestris), vesper
sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus) and brownheaded cowbird were the next
most abundant species in row-crop fields. Nests of 16 bird species
were found in CRP fields, with red-winged blackbirds accounting for
48% of all nests found. The vesper sparrow and horned lark were the
only species nesting in row-crop fields. The major cause of nest
loss for all species was predation, accounting for 52% of all nest
loss in CRP fields and 65% in row-crop fields. Mammals accounted
for 89, 88 and 85% of the predation on grasshopper sparrow,
red-winged blackbird and dickcissel nests, respectively. The
Conservation Reserve Program has likely contributed to an increase
in the abundance of many bird species in central Iowa, inasmuch as
the row-crop habitat that it replaced has lower bird abundance and
supports fewer nesting species. The vegetation structure and
composition of CRP fields in central Iowa are diverse, resulting in
differences in the bird species communities using these fields. The
effects of several land-management practices are discussed relative
to bird species composition and nesting success.
© Thomson
131. Bird Abundance and Success in
CRP.
Mccoy, T.
In: 62nd Midwest Fish and Wildlife
Conference.
(Held 3 Dec 2000-6 Dec 2000 at
Minneapolis. MN (USA).); 2001.
Notes: Paper No. 307; Conference Sponsor: NCD-AFS;
World Meeting Number 000 5249
Descriptors:
Aquatic Science/ Biology/
Environmental Science
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
132. Birds and the Conservation Reserve
Program: A retrospective study.
Lauber, T. B.
Orono, Me.: University of Maine,
1991.
Notes: Thesis (M.S.) in Wildlife Management.
Bibliography: leaves 243-248. Includes vita.
NAL Call #: MeU Univ.-1991-L38
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program U.S/
Bird populations Effect of agricultural conservation on
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
133. Breeding bird composition and species
relative abundance patterns on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
land in Western Minnesota.
Hanowski, JoAnn M.
Loon 67 (1): 12-16. (1995).
Notes: WR 252
Descriptors:
communities/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ conservation programs/ birds/ North America/ United
States/ Minnesota/ Minnesota, western
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
134. Changes in Breeding Bird Populations with
Habitat Restoration in Northern Iowa.
Fletcher, RJ and Koford,
RR
American Midland
Naturalist 150 (1):
83-94. (July 2003)
NAL Call #:
410 M58; ISSN: 0003-0031
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
Grassland Birds/ Avian Communities/ Area Sensitivity/ Prairie
Wetlands/ Natural Wetlands/ Abundance/ Management/ Dakota/
Fields
Abstract: Native tallgrass prairie and wetland
habitat in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States have
declined over the past two centuries. Bird communities using these
habitats have also experienced widespread declines that are often
attributed to severe habitat loss and fragmentation. We estimated
the change, or turnover, in bird populations in the Eagle Lake
Wetland Complex, Iowa, with ongoing grassland and wetland
restoration by linking geographic information system data and bird
surveys in different land cover types (hayland, pasture, restored
grassland, restored wetland and rowcrop agriculture) during the
1999-2001 breeding seasons. Habitat restoration efforts primarily
converted rowcrop agriculture and pastures into grassland and
wetland habitat. Based on land conversion, abundances of most
species have likely increased in the area, including many species
of management concern. Yet a few species, such as killdeer
(Charadrius vociferus), have probably decreased in abundance. This
estimation approach and these estimates provided a critical first
step for evaluating restoration efforts; however, information on
demographic parameters, such as nesting success, in restored areas
is needed for understanding how restoration ultimately affects bird
populations.
© Thomson ISI
135. A comparison of Conservation Reserve
Program habitat plantings with respect to arthropod prey for
grassland birds.
McIntyre, N. E. and Thompson, T.
R.
American Midland
Naturalist 150 (2): 291-301.
(2003)
NAL Call #:
410 M58; ISSN: 0003-0031.
Notes: Number of References: 64
Descriptors:
Environment/ Ecology/ Texas High
Plains/ North American grassland/ population trends/ CRP fields/
community structure/ avian abundance/ nestling diet/ vegetation/
Coleoptera/ landscape
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
was designed to reduce soil erosion and curb agricultural
overproduction by converting highly erodible agricultural land to
various forms of perennial habitat. It has had an incidental
benefit of providing habitat for wildlife and has been beneficial
in reversing population declines of several grassland bird species.
However, the mechanisms behind these reversals remain unknown. One
such mechanism may be differences in food availability on CRP vs.
non-CRP land or between different types of CRP. The influence of
CRP habitat type on the abundance of arthropod prey used by
grassland birds has not been previously explored. We compared the
abundance and diversity of arthropods among four CRP habitat types
in Texas [replicated plots of exotic lovegrass (Eragrostis
curvula), Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum), mixed native
grasses with buffalograss (Buchlo dactyloides) and mixed native
grasses without buffalograss] and native shortgrass prairie.
Attention was focused on adult and juvenile spiders (Order
Araneae), beetles (Coleoptera), orthopterans (Orthroptera:
grasshoppers and crickets) and lepidopterans (Lepidoptera:
butterflies and moths), as these taxa are the primary prey items of
grassland birds during the breeding season. Arthropod diversity and
abundance were higher on indigenous prairie compared to CRP,
reflecting differences in vegetative diversity and structure, but
there were no differences in arthropod richness or abundance among
CRP types. These results indicate that, although CRP is not
equivalent to native prairie in terms of vegetation or arthropod
diversity, CRP lands do support arthropod prey for grassland birds.
More direct assays of the survivorship and fitness of birds on CRP
compared to native shortgrass prairie are clearly
warranted.
© Thomson ISI
136. A comparison of soil fertility between
semi-natural and agricultural plant communities: Implications for
the creation of species-rich grassland on abandoned agricultural
land.
Gough, M. W. and Marrs, R.
H.
Biological Conservation 51
(2): 83-96. (1990)
NAL Call #:
S900.B5; ISSN: 0006-3207
Descriptors:
grasslands/ agricultural
ecosystems/ forests/ phosphorus/ old fields/ soil fertility/
comparison/ Soil
Abstract: Soils were collected from a number of
community types including semi-natural grassland, scrub, woodland,
arable fields and improved grassland on various parent substrates
and their fertility assessed by chemical analysis and plant
bioassay techniques. Under glasshouse conditions, the main limiting
factor to plant growth on the soils collected was the availability
of P. Levels of extractable P in the arable soils, improved
grassland soils and in some of the scrub and woodland soils
collected were found to be significantly higher than in adjacent,
semi-natural grassland soils. It may therefore be necessary to
reduce the availability of P in the soil before species-rich
grassland can be successfully established and maintained on old
field sites produced by "set-aside" or extensification schemes, and
in conservation management programmes where late successional
vegetation is removed.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (CSA)
137. A comprehensive review of Farm Bill
contributions to wildlife conservation, 1985-2000.
Heard, L. P; Hohman, W. L.;
Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management Institute
(U.S.)
Madison, MS: USDA, NRCS, 2000.
Notes: "Technical Report, USDA/NRCS/WHMI-2000."
"December 2000."
Includes bibliographical
references.
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
Agricultural law and
legislation---United States/ Agricultural conservation---Government
policy---United States/ Wildlife habitat improvement---United
States/ Wetland agriculture
Abstract: Contents: Conservation
compliance and wetlands conservation provisions of the Omnibus Farm
Acts of 1985, 1990, and 1996 / Stephen J. Brady; Grassland bird use
of Conservation Reserve Program fields in the Great Plains /
Douglas H. Johnson; Waterfowl responses to the Conservation Reserve
Program in the Northern Great Plains / Ronald E. Reynolds; Impact
of the Conservation Reserve Program on wildlife conservation in the
Midwest / Mark R. Ryan; Wildlife responses to the Conservation
Reserve Program in the Southeast / Wes Burger; The value of buffer
habitats for birds in agricultural landscapes / Louis B. Best;
Biological responses to wetland restoration: Implications for
wildlife habitat development through the Wetlands Reserve Program /
Charlie Rewa; Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program: A summary of
accomplishments, 1998-1999 / Ed Hackett; Environmental Quality
Incentives Program: Program summary and potential for wildlife
benefits / Anthony Esser, Robert T. Molleur, Paige Buck, Charlie
Rewa; Wildlife responses to wetland restoration and creation: An
annotated bibliography / Charlie Rewa; An annotated bibliography
for wildlife responses to the Conservation Reserve Program / Arthur
W. Allen
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
138. Conducting a financial analysis of quail
hunting within the Conservation Reserve Program.
Williams, C. F. and Mjelde, J.
W.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 22 (2):
233-241. (Summer 1994)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648 [WLSBA6]
Descriptors:
colinus virginianus/ hunting/
economic analysis/ federal programs/ Texas
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
139. The Conservation Reserve Program: A
wildlife conservation legacy.
Rude, Kathleen. and Wildlife
Management Institute.
Washington, D.C.: Wildlife
Management Institute, 1994. 15 p.: ill., map
Notes: Original title: "The Conservation Reserve
Program: A wildlife conservation legacy --- America needs the
Conservation Reserve Program";
"October, 1994."
NAL Call #: S624.A1C67--1994
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve
Program---United States/ Soil conservation---Government
policy---United States/ Wildlife conservation---United
States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
140. The Conservation Reserve Program and
grassland birds.
Johnson, D. H. and Schwartz, M.
D.
Conservation Biology
7 (4): 934-937. (1993)
NAL Call #:
QH75.A1C5; ISSN: 0888-8892
Descriptors:
Aves/ grasslands/ environmental
restoration/ habitat utilization/ government policy/ United States/
Birds
Abstract: Several bird species that breed in the
temperate grasslands of North America, many of which winter in the
Neotropics, declined in abundance during the past quarter century.
The Lark Bunting (see Table 1 for scientific names) and Grasshopper
Sparrow, as examples, declined by about half during that period, as
indexed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Breeding Bird
Survey. Populations of other grassland species have also diminished
steadily, if not as spectacularly. Why so many species declined is
not known, but continued conversion of perennial grassland to
annually tilled cropland is a suspected cause. A test of this
possibility is offered by the Conservation Reserve Program, a
program of the United States Department of Agriculture that caused
the reversion of millions of hectares of marginal cropland to
perennial grassland. We evaluated the use by breeding birds of
selected Program fields in eastern Montana, North Dakota, South
Dakota, and western Minnesota. These four states have about four
million hectares of land enrolled in the Program.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
141. The Conservation Reserve Program and
northern bobwhite population trends in Illinois.
Roseberry, J. L. and David, L.
M.
Transactions of the
Illinois State Academy of Science 87 (1-2): 61-70. (1994); ISSN: 0019-2252
Descriptors:
Colinus virginianus/ population
status/ land use/ agricultural ecosystems/ Illinois/ Management/
Birds/ United States
Abstract: We examined 3 indexes of Northern
Bobwhite abundance in Illinois at various geographic scales to
determine possible relationships with the Conservation Reserve
Program. Over 256,000 ha were enrolled in the CRP during the first
9 signup periods (1986-1990). About 87% of this land was in CP-1
vegetation (introduced cool-season grasses and legumes). Male
bobwhite call counts in some parts of the state may have been
positively related to amounts of CRP land. However, there was no
strong evidence that autumn population densities increased as a
result of the program. Positive CRP effects on local bobwhite
habitat in some areas were probably offset by neutral or negative
effects in others. We discuss possible reasons why potential
benefits of the CRP for Northern Bobwhite have not been fully
realized.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
142. The Conservation Reserve Program and
wildlife habitat in the southeastern United States.
Carmichael, D. Breck
Jr.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 25 (4): 773-775.
(1997)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648
Descriptors:
conservation programs/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ habitat management/ management/ wildlife/ North
America/ United States/ United States,
Southeastern
Abstract: The author provides a history of the
Conservation Reserve Program in the southeastern United States. A
recent cooperative study by the International Association of Fish
and Wildlife Agencies and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
conducted between 1988 and 1992 showed no significant, long-term
enhancement of habitat attributable to the CRP in the Southeast.
The author discusses reasons for this lack of success in this
region.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
143. Conservation Reserve Program: Benefit for
Grassland Birds in the Northern Plains.
Reynolds, R. E.; Shaffer, T. L.;
Sauer, J. R.; and Peterjohn, B. G.
Transactions of the 59th
North American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference
: 328-336. (1994); ISSN: 0078-1355
Descriptors:
birds/ conservation programs/
ducks/ grassland/ nests and nesting/ waterfowl/ abundance/ cover,
nesting/ policies and programs/ statistics/ North Dakota/ South
Dakota/ Conservation Reserve Program/ Upland Nesting/ Nest Success/
Waterfowl Production Areas/ Breeding Bird Surveys/ Population
Trends/ Grasslands/ North America/ United States/ North Dakota/
South Dakota/ northern plains
Abstract: The importance of the Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) to upland- nesting ducks and certain other
grassland-nesting birds was investigated. For ducks, nest success
in CRP cover was compared with nest success in planted cover on
waterfowl production areas in the same period (1992-93) and with
that of an earlier period (1980-84). For nonwaterfowl, North
American Breeding Bird Survey data were used to compare trends in
populations of certain species found in CRP, for the Periods
1966-86 (pre-CRP establishment) and 1987-92 (post-CRP cover
establishment) in North Dakota.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
144. Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
contributions to avian habitat.
Allen, A. W.
In: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Federal Aid Report, National Biological Survey; Fort Collins, CO:
National Ecology Research Center, 1994.
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
United States
Abstract: Discussed characteristics of CRP
contracts with greatest potential benefits, landscape planning, and
management recommendations.
145. The Conservation Reserve Program: Good for
birds of many feathers.
Kantrud, H. A.; Koford, R. R.;
Johnson, D. H.; and Schwartz, M. D.
North Dakota
Outdoors 56(2): 14-17.
(1993)
Descriptors:
State conservation programs/ North
Dakota
Abstract: Examined avian species' use and
population trends on CRP land in North Dakota.
146. Conservation Reserve Program: Source or
sink habitat for grassland birds in Missouri?
McCoy, Timothy D.; Ryan, Mark
R.;
Kurzejeski, Eric W.; and Burger,
Loren W. Jr.
Journal of Wildlife
Management 63
(2): 530-538. (1999)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X.
Notes: Project Number: MO W-013-R
Descriptors:
Fringillidae/ Passeriformes/
Agelaius phoeniceus/ Ammodramus savannarum/ Carduelis
tristis/ Geothlypis trichas/ Spiza americana/ Spizella pusilla/
Sturnella magna/ behavior/ birds/ communities/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ ecosystems/ fecundity/ grasslands/ habitat management/
management/ nests/ nesting/ species diversity/ wildlife/ wildlife/
habitat relationships/ wild birds/ wildlife conservation/ federal
programs/ Missouri/ Natural Resources/ Land Development, Land
Reform, and Utilization (Macroeconomics)/ conservation programs/
grassland/ habitat/ reproduction/ nests and nesting/ statistics/
wildlife habitat relationships/ population dynamics/ grasshopper
sparrow/ field sparrow/ eastern meadowlark/ American goldfinch /
common yellowthroat/ dickcissel/ red winged blackbird/ North
America/ United States/ Missouri/ Missouri, Northcentral/ Knox
County/ Macon County/
Linn County
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
has been credited with contributing substantially to the
conservation of grassland birds. Although many species have nested
on grasslands established under the CRP, little evidence of
positive effect on populations has been reported. We measured
reproductive rates and estimated fecundity of 7 grassland bird
species in CRP fields in northern Missouri and compared those rates
to estimates of fecundity needed to maintain stable populations
(lambda = 1). Under conservative assumptions of survival CRP fields
seemingly were source habitats (fecundity exceeded levels necessary
for lambda = 1 for grasshopper sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) and
field sparrows (Spizella pusilla) in at least 2 of 3 years, 1995 P
= 0.02, 1995 P < 0.001) and pooled over 3 years (Ps < 0.001).
Although evidence was less compelling CRP fields were likely source
habitat for eastern meadowlarks (Sturnella magna) and American
goldfinches (Carduelis tristis). For American goldfinches,
fecundity was greater than that necessary of lambda = 1 in 1995 (P
< 0.001), and pooled over 3 years (< 0.001). Our pooled
estimate of fecundity was greater than necessary for lambda = 1 for
eastern meadowlarks (Ps < 0.001), but only under a liberal
assumption of survival in 2 of 3 years (1993: P = 0.001; 1995: P =
0.088). Fecundity of common yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas)
varied substantially; therefore, source-sink status alternated
among years, although the pooled estimate of fecundity was less
than required for lambda = 1 (P < 0.001). Dickcissel (Spiza
americana) fecundity was consistently less than necessary for
lambda = 1 (conservative survival assumption; all Ps < 0.001;
liberal survival assumption: 1994 P = 0.009, pooled P = 0.014). For
red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), CRP fields were
consistently a sink habitat (all Ps < 0.001). Based on our
evidence, the CRP likely has contributed to the conservation of
grasshopper sparrows, field sparrows, and eastern meadowlarks.
Although large numbers of dickcissels and red-winged blackbirds
nested in CRP fields, there is little evidence that the CRP has
contributed to populations of those species.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
147. Conserving biological diversity and the
Conservation Reserve Program.
Szentandrasi, S.; Polasky, S.;
Berrens, R.; and Leonard, J.
Growth Change 26 (3): 383-404. (1995)
NAL Call #:
HT390.G74; ISSN: 0017-4815 [GRCHDH].
Notes: Published: Lexington, Ky., College of Business
and Economics, University of Kentucky; In the special issue:
Wilderness areas. Paper presented at the conference, "Wilderness
areas, regional planning, and the quality of life" held October 8,
1994.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
148. Le Conte's Sparrows Breeding in
Conservation Reserve Program Fields: Precipitation and Patterns of
Population Change.
Igl, L. D. and Johnson, D.
H.
In: Ecology and Conservation of
Grassland Birds of the Western Hemisphere/ Vickery, P. D. and
Herkert, J. R.; Series: Studies in Avian Biology 19,
1999;
pp. 178-186
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
Regional conservation programs/ Great Plains
Abstract: Discussed pattern of population
change in Le Conte's Sparrows associated with changes in
precipitation and moisture condition.
149. Contributions of the Conservation Reserve
Program to populations of breeding birds in North
Dakota.
Johnson, Douglas H and Igl,
Lawrence D
Wilson Bulletin
107 (4): 709-718. (1995)
NAL Call #:
413.8 W692; ISSN: 0043-5643
Descriptors:
Aves (Aves Unspecified)/ animals/
birds/ chordates/ nonhuman vertebrates/ vertebrates/ habitat/ North
American Breeding Bird Survey
Abstract: Previous studies have shown that habitat
provided by the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), a feature of
the 1985 farm bill. is used by many birds. The present study
quantitatively assesses the importance of the CRP by estimating
changes in breeding-bird populations of North Dakota projected if
CRP land would revert to cultivation. Of 18 species that were
common in CRP or crop fields or both, 12 were more abundant in CRP
habitats. Six of these species had suffered significant population
declines during 1967-1990. according to the North American Breeding
Bird Survey. In contrast, none of the six species that were more
common in cropland than in CRP fields had declined significantly.
Termination of the Conservation Reserve Program and a return of
enrolled land to cultivation is projected to cause population
declines in North Dakota exceeding 17% for Sedge Wren (Cistothorus
platensis), Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum), Savannah
Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis), Dickcissel (Spiza americana),
and Lark Bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys).
© Thomson
150. Cooperative Upland Wildlife Research.
Impacts of Farm Programs on Bobwhites: ACR and CRP Seedings as
Bobwhite Nesting and Brood-rearing Habitat.
Roseberry, J. L.
In: Illinois Department of
Conservation 1992. 29 pp.; Final Report, 1992.
Notes: Project Number: IL W-106-R/Job 4.1A/Study
4
Descriptors:
Colinus virginianus/ bobwhite/
seeding/ habitat management for wildlife/ farms/ habitat/ nests and
nesting/ broods and brooding/ utilization/ cultivated farmland/
policies and programs/ transect survey/ vegetation/ cover, nesting/
population density/ North America/ United States/ Illinois/ Jasper
County
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
151. Cover quality of Conservation Reserve
Program grasslands in Minnesota, USA.
Haroldson, K.; Kimmel, R.; and
Riggs, M.
Gibier Faune Sauvage
15 (4): 501-516. (1998);
ISSN: 0761-9243.
Notes: Numero Special Tome 1
Descriptors:
Phasianus colchicus (Phasianidae)/
Sturnella (Icteridae)/ Farming and agriculture/ Conservation
measures/ Conservation Reserve Programme/ Breeding site/ Grassland,
cover quality/ South central Minnesota/ Grassland cover quality/
Conservation Reserve Programme fields/ Birds/ Chordates/
Vertebrates
© Thomson
152. Cover Types Planted on Illinois CP-1 CRP
Fields.
David, L. M.; Warner, R. E.; and
Roseberry, J. L.
Gibson City, IL: Department of
Conservation, Div. Of Wildlife Resources; PB96138318XSP, 1992. 38
p.
Notes: Administrative Report. Prepared in cooperation
with Illinois Natural History Survey, Center for Wildlife Ecology,
Champaign, IL and Southern Illinois Univ. at Carbondale,
Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory; Sponsored by Fish and
Wildlife Restoration Program, Washington, DC
Descriptors:
Illinois / Farmers/ Birds/
Habitats/ Tables Data/ Grasses/ Legumes/ Conservation Reserve
Program CRP/ Agriculture and food/ Agricultural equipment
facilities and operations/ Natural resources and earth sciences/
Natural resource management
Abstract: Illinois farmers enrolled in the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) entered 87% of CRP acres in the
introduced grass and legume practice (CP-1). We determined
vegetative cover planted by farm operators on fields enrolled in
CP-1 by examining files at 87 USDA county offices in Illinois. In a
sample of 2,472 CP-1 fields from the first 9 enrollment periods,
orchard grass was the most commonly planted species; in all,
landowners planted 26 species of grasses and legumes on Illinois
CP-1 fields. Farmers seeded mixtures of smooth brome and alfalfa on
49% (106,609 acres) in the Illinois range of the ring-necked
pheasant. We judge 204,820 acres (95% of CP-1) in the pheasant
range to be suitable pheasant nest cover if unmowed. Farm operators
planted mixtures containing Korean lespedeza on 138,944 acres (30%)
of CP-1 in the range of the northern bobwhite; bobwhite range
farmers planted 95,579 acres (21%) with tall fescue. We judge
240,568 acres (52%) in the quail range to be suitable bobwhite nest
cover for a limited time if unmowed. We provide recommendations for
CRP cover management for pheasant and bobwhite habitat.
153. CRP land and game bird production in the
Texas High Plains.
Berthelsen, P. S.; Smith, L. M.;
and Coffman, C. L.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 44 (5):
504-507. (1989)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561
Descriptors:
agricultural practices/ game
management/ Aves/ Texas / government policy/ conservation/
Conservation/ Birds/ Management/ United States
Abstract: Soil Conservation Service personnel were
surveyed about the land enrolled in the Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) in the Southern High Plains of Texas (71 counties,
903,215 ha). Information included type of cover established, land
enrolled, establishment success, and cost of establishment for five
conservation practices (CP1, 2, 4, 10, 12). Land in permanent
introduced grasses (CP1) and permanent native grasses (CP2)
accounted for 98% of the total CRP land. Establishment costs for
the most common cover types averaged $142.90/ha ($57.85/acre).
Establishment success was 87%. Ring-necked pheasant and waterfowl
production in a four-county area was estimated on selected CRP
grass combinations (blue grama /side-oats grama mixtures, blue
grama/Kleingrass mixtures, and blue grama/old world bluestem
mixtures) using 1988 nesting information and land enrollment
figures. Estimated pheasant production was 174,204 chicks/year.
Water-fowl production was estimated at 1,426
ducklings/year.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
154. CRP, succession, and Brewer's sparrows:
Advantages of a long-term, federal land retirement
program.
Igl, Lawrence D. and Murphy, Lisa
A.
South Dakota Bird
Notes 48 (3): 69-70.
(1996);
ISSN: 0038-3252
Descriptors:
Fringillidae/ Passeriformes/
Spizella breweri/ behavior/ birds/ breeding/ conservation
programs/ Conservation Reserve Program/ distribution/ ecosystems/
grasslands/ habitat use/ home range/ territory/ range extension/
succession/ vocalization/ Brewer's sparrow/ artemisa/ Artemisia
spp/ North America/ United States/ South Dakota: Butte
County
Abstract: Brewer's sparrows have extended their
breeding range to the grasslands created by the Conservation
Reserve Program in Butte County, South Dakota. These grasslands
provide habitat for sagebrush nesting and other shrubland bird
species.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
155. The CRP & wildlife habitat.
Bucklin, R.
Agricultural Outlook
[AO] (162): 30-31. (Apr.
1990)
NAL Call #:
aHD1751.A42; ISSN: 0099-1066
Descriptors:
wildlife/ habitats/ land
management/ farm surveys/ farm income/ United States/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ farm costs and returns surveys
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
156. Declining survival of ring-necked pheasant
chicks in Illinois during the late 1900s.
Warner, Richard E.; Mankin, Philip
C.; David, Larry M.; and Etter, Stanley L.
Journal of Wildlife
Management 63
(2): 705-710. (1999)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X.
Notes: Project Number: IL W-103-R
Descriptors:
Galliformes/ Phasianidae/ Phasianus
colchicus/ agricultural practices/ behavior/ birds/ broods/
brooding/ census/ survey methods/ Conservation Reserve Program/
ecosystems/ fledglings/ habitat alterations/ habitat management/
land use/ management/ physiology/ survival/ transect surveys/
wildlife/ pheasant, ring necked/ cultivated farmland/ broods and
brooding/ transect survey/ statistics/ wildlife habitat
relationships/ changes detrimental to wildlife/ common pheasant/
juvenile/ conservation/ mortality/ agriculture/ ring necked
pheasant/ North America/ United States/ Ford County/
Illinois
Abstract: Previous studies indicated that survival
of ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) chicks during the
first 6 weeks of life declined from the early 1950s through early
1980s in Illinois with the expansion of corn and soybean production
and associated clean farming practices. From the early 1980s
through mid-1990s intensive row-crop production was moderated by
farm programs such as the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and
annual set-aside, which diverted millions of hectares of cropland
from production. We evaluated the survival of pheasant chicks in
Illinois in relation to these recent land-use practices.
Specifically, our objectives were to determine if there were
changes in chick survival during the 1980s and 1990s, and if there
were regional differences in chick survival related to land-use
practices. We observed 574 broods along transect road routes on the
Sibley Study Area (SSA) in eastcentral Illinois, and 964 broods on
routes throughout the pheasant range in Illinois. In spite of the
increase in potential brood habitat on set-aside farmland, chick
survival remained low from 1982 to 1996. For example, there was a
5-fold increase in the amount of forage legumes and small grains on
the SSA from 1987-91 compared to 1975-81, with the average number
of chicks per brood at 4.3 (1987-91) and 4.2 (1975-81). For survey
routes throughout the Illinois pheasant range, the number of grassy
fields (primarily narrow, linear tracts) in 1990 was positively
correlated (r~2~ = 0.15 P < 0.02, n = 37) with chicks per brood,
but this relation explained only 15% of the variation. The lack of
improvement in chick survival in recent decades relates to the
pervasive clean farming practices in the Illinois pheasant range.
Moreover, most of the set-aside land in the Illinois pheasant range
was under annual contract and seeded late to monotypic oats, which
is cover of marginal value to foraging pheasant chicks.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
157. Density and fledgling success of grassland
birds in Conservation Reserve Program fields in North Dakota and
west-central Minnesota.
Koford, R. R.
Studies in Avian Biology
19: 187-195. (1999)
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ Minnesota/ North Dakota
Abstract: Studied how CRP field habitat influences
grassland bird density and fledgling success.
158. Do artificial nests reveal meaningful
patterns of predation in Kansas grasslands?
Robel, R. J.; Hughes, J. P.;
Keane, T. D.; and Kemp, K. E.
Southwestern
Naturalist 48 (3): 460-464.
(2003)
NAL Call #:
409.6 So8; ISSN: 0038-4909.
Notes: Number of References: 37; Publisher:
Southwestern Assn Naturalists
Descriptors:
Environment/ Ecology/ duck nests/
success/ prairie/ fragmentation/ dickcissels/ habitats/ cropland/
density/ birds/ Iowa
Abstract: We determined the fates of artificial and
natural bird nests in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields in
northeastern Kansas from mid May through early August 1994. The CRP
fields had been planted to native grasses in 1988 or 1989.
Artificial nests contained Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) or
house sparrow (Passer domesticus) eggs in nest baskets in
bunchgrass clumps to simulate nests of dickcissels (Spiza
americana), the most common avian species nesting in the CRP
fields. Natural dickcissel nests were found by rope dragging and
intensive searches of the CRP fields. Losses among 562 artificial
nests did not differ by egg type; however, the 9.8% loss of
artificial nests was significantly lower than the 70.1% loss-level
among 97 natural dickcissel nests in those CRP fields. The daily
survival rate for artificial nests was 0.99, significantly more
than the 0.92 for natural dickcissel nests. An assessment of nest
depredation based on data from artificial nests might not be
representative of depredation on natural nests in
grasslands.
© Thomson ISI
159. Does habitat fragmentation influence nest
predation in the shortgrass prairie?
Howard MN; Skagen SK; and Kennedy
PL
Condor 103 (3): 530-536; 41 ref. (2001)
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
160. Duck nesting success on Conservation
Reserve Program land in the prairie pothole region.
Kantrud, H. A.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 48 (3):
238-242. (1993)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
Regional conservation programs/ Prairie Pothole region
Abstract: Studied duck nesting success in Waterfowl
Production Areas and CRP tracts.
161. The dynamics of nongame bird breeding
ecology in Iowa alfalfa fields.
Frawley, B. J.
Ames, IA: Iowa State University,
1989.
Notes: M.S. Thesis
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ Iowa
Abstract: Nesting, abundance, and density of
nongame birds in Iowa alfalfa fields were addressed and linked to
CRP.
162. Eastern meadowlarks nesting in rangelands
and Conservation Reserve Program fields in Kansas.
Granfors, D. A.; Church, K. E.;
and Smith, L. M.
Journal of Field
Ornithology 67 (2): 222-235.
(1996)
NAL Call #:
413.8 B534; ISSN: 0273-8570
Descriptors:
Sturnella magna/ nests/ site
selection/ rangelands / old fields/ ecosystem management/ Kansas/
Birds/ United States
Abstract: Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna)
nesting habitat was studied to make management recommendations for
fields enrolled in a federal land retirement program. We compared
available microhabitat, nest-site selection, and nest success on
rangelands and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields in eastern
Kansas. Daily nest survival rates and numbers fledged per female
did not differ significantly between land-use types, but the power
of these tests was low. Predation was the primary source of nest
failure throughout incubation, hatching, and nestling stages;
abandonment, trampling, inviability, and unknown causes also were
important during incubation. Mowing CRP fields was a source of nest
failure and also induced adults to abandon some fields. CRP fields
had a significantly higher percent, depth, and density of litter
cover; a taller herbaceous canopy; less herbaceous cover; and more
standing dead cover than rangelands. Differences in habitat
structure indicate that CRP has increased the diversity of
available nesting habitats. Eastern Meadowlarks selected nest sites
with significantly greater litter cover, higher proportion of
grass, more uncompacted litter, and more structural homogeneity
than available on random plots. Delay of mowing and prescribed
burning are recommended to enhance and maintain habitat suitability
for nesting Eastern Meadowlarks in CRP fields.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
163. Ecological impacts of federal Conservation
and Cropland Reduction Programs.
Abernathy, J. R.
Ames, IA: Council for Agricultural
Science and Technology (CAST); Task Force Report
Number 117, 1990.
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
United States
Abstract: Summarized history of agricultural
overproduction in the U.S. and recommended CRP changes related to
overproduction. [Addresses the ecological implications of several
programs established in the 1985 Food Security Act, including the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), Sodbuster, Swampbuster,
Conservation Compliance, and Acreage Reduction Program (ARP): from
publisher.]
164. Ecological impacts of federal conservation
and cropland reduction programs: Summary.
Council for Agricultural Science
and Technology.
Ames, Iowa: Council for
Agricultural Science and Technology; 8 p.: ill.: 1990.
Notes: Cover title. "September 1990." Includes
bibliographical references (p. 8).
NAL Call #: S441.C771-1990
Descriptors:
Agricultural ecology---United
States/ Agriculture and state---Environmental aspects---United
States/ Agricultural conservation---Government
policy---Environmental aspects---United States/ Environmental
policy---United States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
165. Effects of agriculture on raptors in the
western USA: An overview.
Young, L S.
In: Proceedings of the Western
Raptor Management Symposium and Workshop. (Held 26 Oct 1987-28 Oct 1987 at Boise, Idaho,
USA.)
Pendleton, B. G. (ed.)
Washington, D.C.: National
Wildlife Federation;
pp. 209-218; 1989.
Notes: ISSN: 1044-4971; Institute for Wildlife
Research, National Wildlife Federation, Scientific and Technical
Series No. 12; XI+317P
Descriptors:
prey density/ foraging/
environmental disturbances/ habitat preservation/ enhancement/
conservation programs/ education/ Farm Bill/ Animals/ Birds/
Chordates/ Nonhuman Vertebrates/ Vertebrates/ Conservation Resource
Management/ Agronomy
© Thomson
166. Effects of Burning and Discing
Conservation Reserve Program Fields to Improve Habitat Quality for
Northern Bobwhite (Colinus Virginianus).
Greenfield, KC; Chamberlain, MJ;
Burger, LW; and Kurzejeski, EW
American Midland
Naturalist 149 (2):
344-353. (Apr. 2003)
NAL Call #:
410 M58; ISSN: 0003-0031
Descriptors:
Vegetation/ Wildlife
Abstract: Since 1985 considerable expanses of
highly erodible cropland have been enrolled in the Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP). Areas enrolled in CRP provide wildlife
habitat; however, habitat quality and specific resources on these
sites vary in relation to seasonal biological processes of target
wildlife species, planted cover and vegetation succession.
Throughout the southeastern United States habitat quality for early
successional species, such as northern bobwhite (Colinus
virginianus), may decline as CRP grasslands age. Although
disturbance may enhance and maintain habitat quality for bobwhite,
concerns regarding perceived conflicts between wildlife habitat and
soil erosion objectives of the CRP persist. During 1995 and 1996 we
evaluated effects of strip- discing or prescribed burning on
vegetation structure and composition and soil erosion in fescue
(Festuca arundiacea) dominated CRP fields in Mississippi. Fall
discing generally increased percentage bare ground and plant
diversity and decreased percentage litter cover and litter depth.
Fall discing enhanced bobwhite habitat quality, but responses
diminished by the second growing season post treatment. Burning
increased plant diversity and improved quality of habitat for
bobwhite. Soil loss for all treatments was within United States
Department of Agriculture tolerable limits. Discing or burning
intensity on CRP fields could be increased without compromising
soil erosion provisions of CRP.
© Thomson ISI
167. Effects of cattle grazing and haying on
wildlife conservation at National Wildlife Refuges in the United
States.
Strassmann, B. I.
Environmental
Management 11 (1):
35-44. ( 1987)
NAL Call #:
HC79.E5E5
Descriptors:
Domestic livestock/ environmental
impact/ wildlife conservation
Abstract: Examined the effects of cattle grazing
and haying on vegetative ecology and its correlation with wildlife
conservation efforts.
168. Effects of Conservation Reserve Program
field age on avian relative abundance, diversity, and
productivity.
Millenbah, K. F.; Winterstein, S.
R.; Campa, H.; Furrow, L. T.; and Minnis, R. B.
Wilson Bulletin
108 (4): 760-770. (1996)
NAL Call #:
413.8 W692; ISSN: 0043-5643
Descriptors:
Aves/ species richness/ abundance/
productivity/ fields/ age/ Michigan/ Birds/ United
States
Abstract: Introduced grass dominated Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) fields were monitored in summer 1992 in
Gratiot County, Michigan, to determine the relationship between
field age and avian relative abundance, diversity, and
productivity. Younger CRP fields (1-2 years old), best described as
a combination of forbs and bare ground, had the greatest diversity
and relative abundance of avian species. Older CRP fields (3-5/6
years old) were a combination of grasses and deep litter cover and
had the greatest avian productivity. We recommend that after 3-5
growing seasons CRP fields be manipulated to provide a variety of
successional stages to maintain simultaneously high avian relative
abundance, diversity, and productivity.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
169. Effects of Conservation Reserve Program
seeding regime on harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex), with implications
for the threatened Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma
cornutum).
McIntyre, N. E.
Southwestern
Naturalist 48 (2): 274-277.
(2003)
NAL Call #:
409.6 So8; ISSN: 0038-4909.
Notes: Publisher: Southwestern Assn Naturalists;
Number of References: 25
Descriptors:
Environment/ Ecology/ fire ants/
hymenoptera/ formicidae/ grassland/ birds
Abstract: I compared the presence and abundance of
nest-sites made by harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex), the primary prey
for the endangered Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum), among
restored grassland plots planted in different grass species and
indigenous prairie. The restored plots had been seeded as part of
the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) as exotic monocultures of
either Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum) or weeping
lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula), or as mixtures of native grasses
(both with and without buffalograss, Buchloe dactyloides). On
average, the fewest ant mounds were found on Old World bluestem
plots, whereas the indigenous grassland had the highest density of
harvester ant mounds. However, there were no significant
differences between native and exotic CRP plantings. Results
obtained from a simultaneous visual survey for Texas horned lizards
corroborate these findings. Thus, there is no evidence that CRP
plots planted in exotic grasses are significantly poorer habitat
for Texas horned lizards in terms of ant abundance than native
grass plantings.
© Thomson ISI
170. Effects of CRP field age and cover type on
ring-necked pheasants in eastern South Dakota.
Eggebo, S. L.; Higgins, K. F.;
Naugle, D. E.; and Quamen, F. R.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 31 (3): 779-785.
(2003)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648.
Notes: Number of References: 32;
Publisher: Wildlife
Society
Descriptors:
Environment/ Ecology/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ cool season/ cover/ CRP/ habitat/ Phasianus
colchicus/ ring necked pheasant/ South Dakota/ warm season/
Conservation Reserve Program/ grassland bird conservation/
vegetation/ populations/ abundance/ models
Abstract: Loss of native grasslands to tillage has
increased the importance of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
grasslands to maintain ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
populations. Despite the importance of CRP to pheasants, little is
known about the effects of CRP field age and cover type on pheasant
abundance and productivity in the northern Great Plains. Therefore,
we assessed effects of these characteristics on pheasant use of CRP
fields. We stratified CRP grasslands (n=42) by CRP stand age (old
[10-13 yrs] vs. new [1-3 yrs] grasslands) and cover type (CP1
[cool-season grasslands] vs. CP2 [warm-season grasslands]) in
eastern South Dakota and used crowing counts and roadside brood
counts to index ring-necked pheasant abundance and productivity.
Field-age and cover-type effects on pheasant abundance and
productivity were largely the result of differences in vegetation
structure among fields. More crowing pheasants were recorded in old
cool-season CRP fields than any other age or cover type, and more
broods were recorded in cool- than warm-season CRP fields.
Extending existing CRP contracts another 5-10 years would provide
the time necessary for new fields to acquire the vegetative
structure used most by pheasants without a gap in habitat
availability. Cool-season grass-legume mixtures (CP1) that support
higher pheasant productivity should be given equal or higher
ratings than warm-season (CP2) grass stands. We also recommend that
United States Department of Agriculture administrators and field
staff provide broader and more flexible guidelines on what seed
mixtures can be used in CRP grassland plantings in the northern
Great Plains. This would allow landowners and natural resource
professionals who manage pheasant habitat to plant a mosaic of
cool- and warm-season CRP grassland habitats.
© Thomson ISI
171. Effects of Different Age Classes of Fields
Enrolled in The Conservation Reserve Program in Michigan On Avian
Diversity, Density, and Productivity.
Millenbah, Kelly
Francine
East Lansing, MI: Michigan State
University, 1994.
Notes: Degree: MS; Advisor: Winterstein, Scott R.;
ISSN: 0898-9095
Descriptors:
Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife/
Biology/ Ecology/ bird communities/ wildlife density/ agricultural
conservation/ landowners
Abstract: Agricultural landowners have
enrolled lands in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) for
wildlife and economic benefits. Avian communities and vegetative
characteristics were examined on 6 age classes (1-6 growing
seasons) of CRP fields in Gratiot County, Michigan in 1991 and 1992
to determine the relationships between field age and
characteristics of avian communities. Younger CRP fields (1-3
growing seasons), characterized by forbs and bare ground, supported
greater avian densities and diversities than older fields (4-6
growing seasons). Older CRP fields, characterized by grasses and
high litter cover, supported greater avian productivity. Results
indicate that grassland birds in Michigan may require a diversity
of age classes of CRP fields in agricultural landscapes to meet
their habitat requirements. Continued enrollment of lands into the
program and periodic manipulation of these lands, will create a
mosaic of grassland successional stages important to a diversity of
avian species.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
172. Effects of emergency haying on duck
nesting in Conservation Reserve Program fields, South
Dakota.
Luttschwager, K. A.; Higgins, K.
F.; and Jenks, J. A.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 22 (3): 403-408.
(Fall 1994)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648 [WLSBA6]
Descriptors:
Anas/ nesting/ reproduction/
population density/ habitats/ grasslands/ federal programs/ private
ownership/ South Dakota/ nesting success/ private land
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
173. Effects of habitat manipulations on Texas
horned lizards and their prey.
Fair, W. Scott and Henke, Scott
E.
Journal of Wildlife
Management 61 (4):
1366-1370 . ( 1997)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X
Descriptors:
Phrynosoma cornutum/ amphibians/
reptiles/ ants/ Conservation Reserve Program/ fires/ burns/ foods/
feeding/ habitat alterations/ habitat use/ livestock/ Texas horned
lizard/ North America/ United States/ Texas/ Duval
County
Abstract: The effects of habitat manipulations on
Texas horned lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum) and their main prey,
harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex spp.) were studied in South Texas. The
relative abundance of lizards, their scat, and active harvester ant
mounds was assessed on 1-ha plots that were manipulated with either
prescribed burning, disking, burning and disking combination,
grazing, or land in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). We
determined differential habitat use or avoidance using Chi-square
analysis and Bonferroni Z-statistics to control the experiment-wise
error probability at 10%. Lizards used burned plots
disproportionately more, were neutral in their use of the disked
and grazed plots, and under-utilized the burned and disked
combination and CRP plots. Analysis of scat led to similar
conclusions in relation to burned, grazed, and CRP plots, but scats
were distributed on combination plots pro rata to availability and
were underrepresented on the disked plots. No difference was
detected in the relative abundance of active ant mounds among the 5
land management practices. Even though Texas horned lizards
preferentially used areas that were recently burned, the process of
burning may harm them due to the shallow depths in which they
hibernate.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
174. Effects of habitat on dickcissel abundance
and nest success in Conservation Reserve Program fields in
Kansas.
Hughes, John P.; Robel, Robert J.;
Kemp, Kenneth E.; and Zimmerman, John L.
Journal of Wildlife
Management 63
(2): 523-529. (1999)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X
Descriptors:
Fringillidae/ Passeriformes/
Spiza americana/ behavior/ birds/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ ecosystems/ edge habitat/ farmland/ habitat management/
habitat use/ management/ nesting sites/ nests/ nesting/
productivity/ wildlife/ wildlife/ habitat relationships/ wild
birds/ reproduction/ federal programs/ wildlife conservation/
Kansas/ spiza americana/ species abundance/ Natural Resources/ Land
Development, Land Reform, and Utilization (Macroeconomics)/
dickcissel/ North America/
United States/ Kansas: Riley
County
Abstract: Declining avian populations in the
Midwest have increased interest in various aspects of grassland
habitats and their effects on grassland birds. We studied the
effects of vegetation characteristics, woody field edges and
surrounding land use on abundance and daily nest survival of the
dickcissel (Spiza americana) in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
fields in the northeastern Kansas. We observed 873 dickcissels
during surveys on 11 CRP fields during the summers of 1994 and
1995. In those fields, we located 186 dickcissel nests of which
13.2% were successful in 1994 and 14.9% were successful in 1995.
The vertical density of vegetation in CRP fields, wooded area
surrounding the fields, and amount of woody edge bordering fields
were associated with dickcissel abundance (P = 0.001). Live and
dead canopy cover and litter cover were associated with daily nest
survival (P = 0.005). Therefore, the habitat quality of CRP fields
for dickcissels might be enhanced by modifying vegetation
characteristics. The outcome of any modifications of CRP habitat
for dickcissels should be judged on changes in the number and
success of their nests rather than on the abundance of
birds.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
175. Effects of Landscape Composition and
Multi-Scale Habitat Characteristics on the Grassland Bird
Community.
McCoy, T. D.
Columbia, MO: Univ. of
Missouri-Columbia, 2000.
Notes: Ph.D. Dissert.; Project Number: MO W0-013-R-54/Job 1/Study
43
Descriptors:
habitat/ modeling/ grassland/
birds/ communities/ wildlife habitat relationships/ species
diversity/ conservation programs/ nests and nesting/ abundance/
sparrows/ reproduction/ statistics/ meadowlarks, blackbirds and
orioles/ population density/ vegetation/ North America/ United
States/ Missouri/ North central region/ Adair County/ Know County/
Linn County/ Macon County/ Shelby County
Abstract: Measures of grassland bird
demography on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields were
compared and modeled at several spatial scales to identify habitat
factors associated with increased conservation value for grassland
birds. Grassland bird populations and species richness were
compared between fields located in landscapes with different
amounts of CRP habitat and total grassland. Multi-scale habitat
models were developed from and validated on two independent data
sets to identify the primary habitat features that could predict
the potential value of CRP and other idle grasslands for grassland
bird conservation.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
176. Effects of livestock grazing on
neotropical migratory landbirds in western North
America.
Bock, C. E.; Sabb, V. A.; Rich, T.
D.; and Dobkin, D. S.
In: Status and management of
neotropical migratory birds. (Held 21 Sep 1992-25 Sep 1992 at Estes Park,
Colorado.) Finch, D. M. and Stangel, P. W. (eds.)
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, U.S. Dept. of
Agriculture; pp. 263-309; 1993.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
Regional conservation programs
Abstract: Examined the idea that moderate
haying/grazing of CRP coupled with livestock enclosures on public
land could enhance the value of public rangelands for
wildlife.
177. Effects of mammalian predator removal on
waterfowl and non-game birds in North Dakota.
Garrettson, P. R.; Rohwer, F. C.;
Zimmer, J. M.; Mense, B. J.; and Dion, N.
Transactions of the North
American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference 61: 94-101. (1996); ISSN: 0078-1355.
Notes: Conference: 61st North American Wildlife and
Natural Resources Conference: Facing Realities in Resource
Management, Tulsa, OK, 22-27 Mar 1996
Descriptors:
Aquatic birds/ Predator control/
Environmental impact/ Nesting/ Bird eggs/ Nature conservation/
Habitat improvement (physical)/ Breeding sites/ Environment
management/ Aves/ North America/ Species interactions: general/
Conservation, wildlife management and recreation/ Freshwater/
Brackish water/ Marine environment
Abstract: Waterfowl managers have long been
concerned about low nest success on the North American prairies. A
review of duck nesting success shows that, despite great variation
between studies, there is a dramatic pattern of decline in nest
success in the past 50 years (Beauchamp et al. 1996). The linear
regression of success versus year shows that hatching rates dropped
from 33 percent in 1935 to only 10-percent nest success in 1992.
Low nest success, which reflects high nest predation, is viewed as
the most significant limitation on waterfowl productivity in the
prairies. Most of the management effort under the North American
Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) in the prairie region of the
United States and Canada is an attempt to elevate nest success for
upland-nesting ducks. Compounding habitat degradation is a major
shift in numbers types of nest predator on the prairies.
Extirpation of wolves (Canis lupus) and reduction of coyotes (Canis
latrans) has allowed medium-sized predators, such as red fox
(Vulpes vulpes), skunk (Mephitis mephitis) and raccoon (Procyon
lotor); to flourish. Raccoons are a recent arrival to much of the
prairies, though they now are abundant and the dominant nest
predator for many prairie ducks. Abundance of medium-sized mammals
and scarcity of nesting cover has been a very detrimental
combination for breeding ducks. Most a tempts to increase duck
nesting success have focused on ways to make nests less accessible
to predators. Dense nesting cover has been the dominant management
on United States Waterfowl Production Areas (WPA) and on NAWMP
areas in Canada, yet this strategy typically has improved nest
success by only a few percentage points, with highly variable
results. Improved nest success associated with the Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) suggests that landscape-level additions of
nesting cover improve recruitment, but habitat improvement on this
scale is not economically feasible for wildlife groups. Intensive
management efforts to make nests inaccessible, such as construction
of islands and predator barrier fences, can increase nest success,
but costs are high.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
178. Effects of supplemental prey, vegetation,
and time on success of artificial nests.
Vander, Lee Bruce a; Lutz, R
Scott; Hansen, Leslie A; and Mathews, Nancy E
Journal of Wildlife
Management 63
(4): 1299-1305. (1999)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X.
Notes: methods and equipment: artificial-nests;
predation-; supplemental-prey; vegetation-density;
Conservation-Reserve-Program
Abstract: Despite intensive management on many
grassland areas, nest loss to predators continues to result in low
nest-survival rates. Management efforts are complicated by complex
relationships among habitat, predators, and prey resources. We
monitored the fates of artificial nests (908 in 1993, 827 in 1994)
on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) plots from April to July to
test effects of prey supplementation, vegetation density, and time
(month) on nest survival in agricultural and range landscapes in
northwest Texas. Supplemental prey had the greatest effect on
artificial nest survival and increased nest survival in both sparse
and dense vegetation. Prey supplementation may be useful when used
in conjunction with habitat management for dense nesting cover or
in areas that already have dense vegetation. Nest survival was
highest early in the nesting season, emphasizing the importance of
available nesting cover during this period. Although least
important, dense vegetation increased artificial nest survival.
When evaluating management options, managers should consider
logistical and economic costs of using supplemental prey, as well
as potential effects on predator population dynamics.
© Thomson
179. Effects of the Conservation Reserve
Program on selected wildlife populations in southeast
Nebraska.
King, Justin W.
Lincoln, NE: University of
Nebraska, 1991.
Notes: Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nebraska,
Lincoln--Forestry, Fisheries, and Wildlife, 1991. Includes
bibliographical references.
NAL Call #: NBU LD3656-1991-K564
Descriptors:
Wildlife conservation---Nebraska/
Wildlife management---Nebraska/ Conservation of natural
resources---Nebraska
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
180. Effects of the Conservation Reserve
Program On Wildlife Habitat in The Great Plains.
Baker, Bryan Douglas University of
Minnesota, 1992.
Notes: Degree: PhD; Advisor: Gersmehl, Philip J.;
Cited in: DAI-A 52(08): p. 3026, February 1992; Volumes I and
II.
Descriptors:
Geography/ Agriculture, Forestry
& Wildlife/ birds/ climate/ behavior conservation/ predators/
erosion/ wildlife/ conservation practices/ agricultural practices/
South Dakota/ Nebraska/ Kansas/ Texas
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP), a ten-year federal agricultural land retirement program,
returned several million acres of the Great Plains to grass by
1989. Improvement of wildlife habitat was a secondary but important
rationale for the program. Enrollments are concentrated in the
southern High Plains and the northern glaciated Plains. CRP fields
increase in size from east to west, with many counties exceeding
320 acres for mean contract size. A study of Plains land use,
soils, geology, and climate helped construct a list of expected
effects of the CRP on the mammals and breeding birds. The list was
revised based on comments from Plains biologists. Most of the
species on the Plains depend on woodlands, wetlands, or other cover
the CRP does not provide. Some species that use grassland or
agricultural land will gain habitat, mainly for nesting.
Nine-section study areas in six Plains counties detailed land cover
changes associated with the CRP. Most areas have seen a net
increase in cropland since the late 1960s despite the CRP
retirements. In some counties, especially far western ones, CRP
land is in larger blocks, isolated from woodland and shrubs. These
areas favor small to medium sized grassland birds and mammals. CRP
parcels in other counties, especially to the east, are
well-interspersed with other cover. Mosaic species using grassland,
cropland and woodland should benefit there. These include bobwhite
quail, white-tailed deer, and some predators. A dynamic programming
model was developed to help investigate the effects of landscape
pattern on animal behavior and survival. A preliminary version
calculated winter survival of bobwhite quail. Small demonstration
areas selected from the study areas suggested that the
configuration of CRP fields could be improved to maximize wildlife
benefits. Many of the wildlife benefits of the CRP could vanish
after the program expires if farmers return CRP fields to cropland.
Other long-term alternatives could prove less costly. Limited
federal buy-outs of erosion-prone land may be feasible, especially
in expansion of National Grassland. Easements, purchase of
cultivation rights, and subsidies for alternative agricultural
practices are other tools for encouraging long-term conservation on
the Great Plains.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
181. Effects of the Conservation Reserve
Program on wildlife in southeast Nebraska.
King, J. W. and Savidge, J.
A.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 23 (3): 377-385.
(Fall 1995)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648 [WLSBA6]
Descriptors:
wild birds/ species diversity/
population density/ seasonal variation/ agricultural land/ federal
programs/ wildlife conservation
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
182. The effects of the Conservation Reserve
Program on wildlife in southeastern Wyoming.
Wachob, Douglas Glenn.
University of Wyoming,
1997.
Notes: Degree: PhD; October 1997; Cited: DAI-B 58(04):
p. 1651, October 1997; ISBN: 0-591-39611-4
Descriptors:
Biology, Ecology/ Agriculture,
Forestry & Wildlife/ Urban & Regional Planning/ alfalfa/
aves
Abstract: The primary objective of this study
was to identify the vegetation and spatial characteristics of CRP
that influence habitat use by non-game birds, small rodents,
sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus), raptors,
carnivores, and big game in a CRP/agricultural landscape. The study
was conducted in Laramie, Platte, and Goshen counties in
southeastern Wyoming, during 1993-5. The study area was dominated
by intensively grazed native range land and winter wheat (Triticum
sp.); CRP comprised 15% of the study area. Non-game bird use was
higher in CRP with an alfalfa component, compared to CRP without
alfalfa in 1994, but not in 1993. Fine scale selection by birds for
specific vegetation structure was detected in 1994 but not in 1993.
Bird use of CRP was independent of the spatial characteristics of
CRP patches. Small mammal use of CRP and range lands was higher
than winter wheat lands. Vegetation species richness, vegetation
height, standard deviation of vegetation cover, and patch area were
significant predictors of small mammal use of CRP patches. This
small mammal community selected habitat at the landscape and patch
scale but not at the intrapatch scale. I investigated use of CRP
lands by sharp-tailed grouse during nesting and brood-rearing
seasons. All nests were located in CRP. Hens selected nest sites in
larger CRP patches. Hens with broods used CRP and irrigated alfalfa
patches more often and wheat and rangeland patches less often than
they were available. Hens with broods used CRP patches with high
coverage of broad leafed weeds and annual grasses more often and
patches without alfalfa less often than these patch types were
available. I found that CRP was the vital reproduction habitat for
sharp-tailed grouse in southeastern Wyoming. Sharp-tailed grouse
dancing grounds (leks) were located closer to CRP and had greater
coverage of CRP within 1 km, compared with the entire study area. I
also found that CRP patch size, percent cover of CRP, and CRP patch
number predicted the number of leks and the number of males at
leks, at a scale of 100 km$/sp2$. I investigated the spatial
relationship of CRP fields to bird and mammal species richness
using computer simulations. I used observations of 28 common
species as model input data. Computer simulations of a hypothetical
landscape showed that species richness increased rapidly as CRP
coverage increased from 0-15%, and less rapidly as CRP coverage
increased from 15-50%.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
183. Effects of the CRP on wildlife habitat:
Emergency haying in the Midwest and pine plantings in the
Southeast.
Hays, R. L. and Farmer, A.
H.
Transactions of the North
American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference (55th): 30-39. maps. (1990)
NAL Call #:
412.9-N814; ISSN: 0078-1355 [NAWTA]
Descriptors:
afforestation/ farmland/ forest
plantations/ haymaking/ nature reserves/ pinus/ planting/
remuneration/ colinus virginianus/ southeastern states of USA/
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
184. Effects of the U.S. Conservation Reserve
Program on Landscape Structure in Southwest Kansas.
Egbert, S. L.; Park, S.; Peterson,
D.; Stewart, A. M.; and Price, K. P.
In: 133rd Annual Meeting of the
Kansas Academy of Science. (Held 6 Apr 2001-7 Apr 2001 at Lawrence. KS
(USA).); 2001.
Notes: Conference Sponsor: Kansas Academy of Science;
World Meeting Number 000-5622
Descriptors:
Multidisciplinary
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
185. Effects of Thinning CRP Pine Stands on
Nesting Songbirds in Georgia.
Schaefbauer, M. K. and Schweitzer,
S. H.
In: 7th Annual Conference of the
Wildlife Society. (Held 12 Sep 2000-16 Sep 2000 at Nashville, TN
(USA).); 2000.
Notes: Conference Sponsor: The Wildlife Society; World
Meeting Number 003 0833
Descriptors:
Biology
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
186. Effects of two haying provisions on duck
nesting in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields in South
Dakota.
Luttschwager, K. A.
Brookings, SD: South Dakota State
University, 1991.
Notes: M.S. Thesis
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ South Dakota
Abstract: Evaluated the effects of emergency
haying on duck nesting success in CRP fields.
187. Environmental Quality Incentives Program:
Program summary and potential for wildlife benefits.
Esser, A.; Molleur, R.; Buck, P.;
and Rewa, C.
In: A comprehensive review of Farm
Bill contributions wildlife conservation, 1985-2000/ Heard, L. P;
Hohman, W. L.; Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management
Institute (U.S.); Series: Technical Report
USDA/NRCS/WHMI.
Madison, MS: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, 2000; pp. 125-134
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
Environmental Quality Incentives
Program/ conservation/ conservation buffers/ farming systems/
nutrient management/ erosion control / wildlife
management
188. Evaluating potential effects of CRP on
bobwhite quail in Piedmont Virginia.
Stauffer, Dean F.; Cline, Gerald
A.; and Tonkovich, Michael J.
North American Wildlife and
Natural Resources Conference, Transactions 55: 57-67. (1990);
ISSN: 0078-1355.
Notes: WR 222
Descriptors:
Galliformes/ Odontophoridae/
Colinus virginianus/ Conservation reserve programs/ habitat
classification/ habitat management/ management/ modeling/ wildlife/
bobwhite/ habitat/ dispersion/ North America/ United States/
Virginia
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
189. Evaluation of select CRP lands as bobwhite
quail habitat.
Burger, L. W.; Kurzejeski, E. W.;
Dailey, T. V.; and Ryan, M. R.
Proceedings of the Forage
and Grassland Conference :
27-30. (1991)
NAL Call #:
SB193.F59; ISSN: 0886-6899.
Notes: Meeting held April 1-4, 1991, Columbia,
Missouri. Includes references.
Descriptors:
quails/ colinus virginianus/
habitats/ conservation areas/ Missouri/ Conservation Reserve
Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
190. Evaluation of the effect of CRP on duck
recruitment in the prairie pothole joint venture area of Fish &
Wildlife Service Region 6.
Reynolds, R.
Bismark, ND: U.S. Fish &
Wildlife Service, 1992. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Progress Report.
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
Regional conservation programs/ State conservation programs/
Prairie pothole region/ Montana/ South Dakota/ North
Dakota
Abstract: Reported the 1992 results of a
pilot effort to evaluate waterfowl production in CRP grasslands
compared to Waterfowl Production Areas.
191. Factors influencing mourning dove nest
success in CRP fields.
Hughes, John P.; Robel, Robert J.;
and Kemp, Kenneth E.
Journal of Wildlife
Management 64
(4): 1004-1008. (2000)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X
Descriptors:
Zenaida macroura/ dove, mourning/
zenaida macroura/ nests and nesting/ conservation programs/
grassland/ land use/ mating grounds/ survival/ cultivated farmland/
cover/ vegetation/ reproduction/ habitat management for wildlife/
mourning dove/ nest/ habitat/ agriculture/ ecological requirements/
Riley County/ Kansas/ United States
Abstract: Mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) nest
primarily in trees. However, ground nesting is prevalent in the
Great Plains region where mourning dove numbers have increased
since the mid 1980s when the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) was
initiated. We monitored mourning dove nest success in CRP fields in
Kansas during 1994 and 1995 to determine if that habitat could be a
source for the increased numbers. Mourning dove nest success
averaged 56% (n = 90) in our CRP fields. Daily nest survival rates
in CRP fields were associated positively with height of live
vegetation (P = 0.011) and negatively with percent grass cover (P =
0.001) and percent live vegetation cover (P = 0.005). Management
practices that produce sparse overall cover but tall vegetation
height may increase mourning dove nest success in CRP
fields.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
192. Field evaluation of the northern bobwhite
habitat suitability index model with implications for the
Conservation Reserve Program.
Tonkovich, Michael
Joseph
Blacksburg, Va.: Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1995.
Notes: Thesis (Ph. D.); Bibliography: leaves
182-203.
NAL Call #: ViBlbV
LD5655.V856-1995.T665
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
193. The first distributional record of the
least weasel, Mustela nivalis, in Northeastern Missouri.
Mock OB; Sells GD; Ellis LS; and
Easterla DA
Transactions of the
Missouri Academy of Science
35: 7-11. (2001)
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
194. GIS analysis of the effects of habitat
configuration and the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) on the
abundance of ringnecked pheasants, gray partridge, and
meadowlarks.
Lockman, Drake J. and Kimmel, R.
O.
In: MN DNR Farmland Wildlife
Population and Research Unit Report, 1994; pp. 33-39
Descriptors:
Phasianus colchicus/ Aves/ Perdix
perdix/ common pheasant/ birds/ partridge/ dispersion/ prairie/
GIS/ United States/ geographic information systems
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
195. Grassland bird conservation: CP1 vs. CP2
plantings in Conservation Reserve Program fields in
Missouri.
McCoy, Timothy D; Ryan, Mark R;
and Burger, Loren W Jr
American Midland
Naturalist 145 (1):
1-17. (Jan. 2001)
NAL Call #:
410 M58; ISSN: 0003-0031
Descriptors:
Conservation/ Conservation
measures/ Reproduction/ Reproductive productivity/ Ecology/
Population dynamics/ Habitat/ Terrestrial habitat / Land and
freshwater zones/ Nearctic region/ North America/ United States/
Aves/ Habitat management/ Reproductive productivity/ Nesting
success/ Fecundity/ Community structure/ Population density/ Nests/
Grassland/ Cool season and warm season grass fields/ nesting
success and fecundity/ conservation implications/ Missouri/ Knox
County/ Macon County/ Linn County/ Conservation biology/ Birds/
Chordates/ Vertebrates
Abstract: To determine the relative value of
different Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) plantings for breeding
grassland and winter birds we measured vegetation structure, avian
abundance and reproductive success, and estimated fecundity during
1993-1995 on CP1 (cool-season grass) and CP2 (warm-season grass)
plantings in 16 fields in northern Missouri. CP1 fields had been
planted to cool-season grasses or cool-season grass-legume mixtures
and CP2 fields had been seeded with switchgrass (Panicum virgatum).
Species richness, abundance and nesting success of grassland birds
during the breeding season and total bird use in the winter did not
differ between CPs. During the breeding season CP1 fields had
higher abundances of grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum),
eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna), Henslow's sparrow (Ammodramus
henslowii) and American goldfinches (Carduelis tristis), whereas
common yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas) were more abundant in CP2
fields. Fecundity of dickcissels (Spiza americana) and nesting
success and fecundity of red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius
phoeniceus) were higher on CP2 than on CP1 habitat, but both CPs
were likely sinks ([lambda] < 1) for these species. Both CPs
were likely source ([lambda] > 1) habitat for grasshopper
sparrows, whereas only CP1 habitat was likely a source for eastern
meadowlarks and American goldfinches. In winter American
goldfinches were more abundant in CP1 fields than CP2 fields. The
shorter, more diverse, cool-season grass fields were equal or
better habitat than taller, more vertically dense,
switchgrass-dominated fields for grassland birds, including several
species of high conservation concern. Single-species plantings of
warm- or cool-season grasses should be avoided to increase the
potential wildlife benefits of CRP and other grassland
habitats.
© Thomson
196. Grassland bird use of Conservation Reserve
Program fields in the Great Plains.
Johnson, D. H.
In: A comprehensive review of Farm
Bill contributions wildlife conservation, 1985-2000/ Heard, L. P;
Hohman, W. L.; Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management
Institute (U.S.); Series: Technical Report
USDA/NRCS/WHMI.
Madison, MS: USDA, NRCS, Wildlife
Habitat Management Institute, 2000; pp. 19-33
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
wildlife habitats/ wildlife management/ birds
197. Grassland Birds: Development and Testing
of Models to Predict Species Richness, Abundance, and Reproductive
Success at Local and Landscape Levels.
Schultz, J.
Columbia, MO: Missouri Dept. Of
Conservation, Wildlife and Research Div.; PB2001104751XSP, 2000.
180 p.
Notes: Study No. 43; Final Report to Research and
Survey Projects as Required by Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration
Act, Missouri, Federal Aid Project no. W-13-R-54. (2000). Contains
Dissertation of Timothy McCoy on Effects of Landscape Composition
and Multi-Scale Habitat Characteristics on the Grassland Bird
Community; Prepared in cooperation with Missouri Univ.-Columbia.
Graduate School.; Sponsored by Fish and Wildlife Restoration
Program, Washington, DC
Descriptors:
Endangered species/ Models/
Abundance/ Reproduction Biology/ Conservation/ Habitats/
Landscapes/ Birds/ Wildlife management/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ Grassland birds/ Natural resources and earth sciences/
Natural resource management/ Medicine and biology/
Ecology
Abstract: Measures of grassland bird
demography on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields were
compared and modeled at several spatial scales to identify habitat
factors associated with increased conservation value for grassland
birds. Grassland bird populations and species richness were
compared between fields located in landscapes with different
amounts of CRP habitat and total grassland. Multi-scale habitat
models were developed from and validated on two independent data
sets to identify the primary habitat features that could predict
the potential value of CRP and other idle grasslands for grassland
bird conservation.
198. Habitat associations of grasshopper
species (Orthoptera : Acrididae) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum
L.) and adjacent rangeland.
Gillespie, R. L. and Kemp, W.
P.
Journal of the Kansas
Entomological Society 68
(4): 415-424. (1995); ISSN: 0022-8567
Descriptors:
Acrididae/ Triticum aestivum/
rangelands/ species composition/ population density/ United States/
Orthoptera/ Populations & general ecology/ Insects
Abstract: Thirty-one species of grasshoppers were
collected in either winter wheat or adjacent rangeland/CRP, at ten
study sites for three years. Eighteen species were collected in
winter wheat fields while 29 species were collected in adjacent
reseeded native rangeland or newly seeded Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) land, seeded to crested wheatgrass (Agropyron
cristatum (L.) Gaertn. and alfalfa Medicago sativa L.). In native
rangeland these two species were reseeded into Stipa comata Trin.
and Rupr., Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K). habitat. Melanoplus
sanguinipes, M. bivittatus, and M. packardii, pest species of crops
and rangeland in the Northern Great Plains, were the predominant
species in winter wheat and together with Aulocara elliotti were
the predominant species in adjacent rangeland or CRP. The number of
M. sanguinipes collected per unit of effort in CRP was the same as
the number collected in "established" reseeded rangeland. Fewer A.
elliotti were collected per unit effort in CRP when compared to
"established" reseeded rangeland. The results suggest that CRP
supports a lower population of A. elliotti than "established"
reseeded rangeland or there has been an insufficient span of time
for A. elliotti to disperse into these areas.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
199. Habitat use, home ranges, and survival of
swift foxes in a fragmented landscape: Conservation
implications.
Kamler, J. F.; Ballard, W. B.;
Fish, E. B.; Lemons, P. R.; Mote, K.; and Perchellet, C.
C.
Journal of Mammalogy
84 (3): 989-995. (2003)
NAL Call #:
410 J823; ISSN: 0022-2372.
Notes: Number of References: 33; Publisher: Alliance
Communications Group Division Allen Press
Descriptors:
Animal Sciences/ habitat use/ home
range/ survival/ swift fox/ Texas/ Vulpes velox/ Joaquin kit foxes/
arid land foxes/ vulpes velox/ western Kansas/ North America/
mortality/ macrotis/ rates/ size
Abstract: Habitat loss might be one of the primary
reasons for the decline of the swift fox (Vulpes velox) in the
western Great Plains of North America. From 1998 to 2001, we
monitored 42 swift foxes in a landscape interspersed with native
short-grass prairies, nonnative grasslands enrolled in the
Conservation Reserve Program, irrigated agricultural fields, and
dryland agricultural fields. Survival estimates ranged from 0.52 to
0.66 for both adults and juveniles, and the primary causes of death
were vehicle collisions (42% deaths) and coyote (Canis latrans)
predation (33%). Annual home-range size was similar for males and
females (10.8 and 10.5 km(2), respectively). Within the study area,
swift foxes selected only short-grass prairies and had
lower-than-expected use or complete avoidance of all other habitat
types. Our results indicate swift foxes are more specialized in
habitat selection than other North American canids; thus,
protection of native short-grass prairies might be necessary for
their long-term existence.
© Thomson ISI
200. History and economics of farm bill
legislation and the impacts on wildlife management and
policies.
Harmon, K. W.
In: General Technical Report
RM.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
105-108.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
land diversion/ wildlife/
legislation/ revegetation/ habitats/ pheasants/ resource
conservation/ soil conservation/ erosion control/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ food security act of 1985
This citation is from AGRICOLA.
201. The history, status and future needs of
fish and wildlife management on private lands as related to USDA
agricultural programs.
Heard, L Pete; Allen, Arthur W;
Best, Louis B; Brady, Stephen J; Burger, Wes; Esser, Anthony J;
Hackett, Ed; Helinski, Ronald R; Hohman, William L; Johnson,
Douglas H; Pederson, Roger L; Reynolds, Ronald E; Rewa, Charles;
and Ryan, Mark R
Transactions of the North
American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 66: 54-67 . (2001)
NAL Call #:
412.9 N814; ISSN: 0078-1355.
Notes: From: Sixty-sixth North American Wildlife and
Natural Resources Conference, Washington, DC, USA, March 16-20,
2001
Descriptors:
1985 Food Security Act [Farm Bill]/
Conservation Reserve Program [CRP]/ Environmental Quality Incentive
Program [EQIP]/ Wetland Reserve Program [WRP]/ Wildlife Habitat
Incentives Program [WHIP]/ agricultural programs/ compliance
provisions/ highly erodable land/ land retirement programs/ private
land management/ wildlife conservation/ wildlife management: future
needs, history, status/ wildlife responses
© Thomson
202. Home ranges of ring-necked pheasants in
northwestern Kansas.
Applegate, Roger D; Flock, Brian
E; Gipson, Philip S; Mccoy, Matthew W; and Kemp, Kenneth
E
Prairie Naturalist
34 (1-2): 21-29. (2002)
NAL Call #:
QH540 .P7; ISSN: 0091-0376
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program [CRP]/
adaptive kernels/ brooding behavior/ habitat density/ home range
size/ minimum convex polygons/ nesting behavior/ travel distance/
Animals/ Birds/ Chordates/ Nonhuman Vertebrates/ Vertebrates/
Phasianus colchicus [ring necked pheasant] (Galliformes): female,
male
Abstract: We studied the home ranges of 29 female
and 9 male ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in
northwestern Kansas during 1994 to 1995. Home ranges for hens
varied from an average of 127 ha in high-density (25%) Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) to 155 ha on low-density (8 to 11%) CRP
sites. Home ranges for cocks averaged 179 ha on the high-density
CRP site and 105 ha on the low-density CRP site. The amount of CRP
in areas where home ranges were located had no detectable effect on
size of home ranges. Our estimates of hen home ranges during
nesting and brooding periods were larger than reported from other
regions. This might reflect the need for hens to travel greater
distances in northwestern Kansas in order to obtain adequate food
and cover for themselves and their broods.
© Thomson
203. Illinois Wildlife Enhancement Bonus
Program: Analysis of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources
and Illinois Quail Unlimited Conservation Program.
Hasstedt, S. C.
Edwardsville, IL: Southern
Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2002.
Notes: Report numbers: CI01316, ADA398508XSP; Thesis
Descriptors:
Natural resources/ Theses/
Population/ Preservation/ Birds/ Agriculture/ Farms/ Land areas/
Illinois/ Silviculture/ Conservation/ Habitats/ Wildlife/ Bobwhite
quails/ IWEBP/ wildlife enhancement bonus programs/ Natural
resources and earth sciences/ Natural resource management/
Medicine and biology/ Botany/ Zoology/ Ecology
Abstract: In 1998 the Illinois Department of
Natural Resources (IDNR), Division of Wildlife Resources, Habitat
Stamp Fund in conjunction with Illinois Quail Unlimited (QU)
initiated the Illinois Wildlife Enhancement Bonus Program (IWEBP) .
Financial incentives are available to property owners for
implementation of wildlife friendly practices on land enrolled in
the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) and non-CRP acres are eligible under a fescue
(Festuca arundinaceae) conversion initiative. Mail surveys
following the Total Design Method (Salant and Dillman 1994) were
used to gauge both land owner I operator and Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS) professional's perceptions regarding
IWEBP efficacy in improving wildlife habitat, administrative costs
of IWEBP, and characteristics of enrolled participants.
Proportional response histograms and higher order analyses revealed
IWEBP participants place a high intrinsic value on both habitat and
the presence of wildlife on their land, and the financial incentive
is most important to offset the high cost of re-establishing native
grasses and forbs. NRCS personnel generally believe, compared to
other state conservation programs, IWEBP provides similar or better
habitat benefits for wildlife in general and is particularly
beneficial to bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). Land owners and
NRCS personnel alike appreciate the relative simplicity of IWEBP
enrollment procedures, but further education efforts regarding the
singular importance of habitat (Brennan 1991, Jenkins 2000) in
improving upland wildlife populations could further the success of
this program.
204. The impact of CRP on avian wildlife: A
review.
Ryan, M. R.; Burger, L. W.; and
Kurzejeski, E. W.
Journal of Production
Agriculture 11 (1):
61-66. (Jan. 1998-Mar. 1998)
NAL Call #:
S539.5.J68; ISSN: 0890-8524 [JPRAEN]
Descriptors:
wildlife / wild birds/ habitats/
government policy/ populations/ grasslands/ species diversity/
nests/ population growth/ literature reviews/ land banks/ wildlife
conservation/ Conservation Reserve Program
Abstract: We reviewed the literature to assess the
impact of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) on bird
populations in the central USA. The CRP replaced production
agriculture fields with grassland habitat used by more than 90
species of birds. At least 42 bird species nested in CRP habitats.
Bird species richness in CRP fields was similar to that in rowcrop
fields, but relative abundance was 1.4 to 10.5 times higher in CRP
plantings. Nest abundance was 13.5 times higher in CRP than crop
fields, although nesting success of songbirds was only slightly
higher in CRP fields (40% vs. 36% in crops). Limited evidence
suggests that the CRP has positively affected the population growth
rates of several nongame grassland bird species. Waterfowl nest
densities and nesting success in CRP fields were similar to these
occurring in grassland habitats managed specifically for waterfowl.
The presence of CRP grassland has been postulated to have improved
the quality of existing duck nest habitat by dispersing nests over
a larger area. Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus L.)
populations seemingly increased substantially with CRP acres.
Little evidence of positive population response by northern
bobwhites (Colinus virginianus L.) to the CRP is available.
Overall, grassland birds known to be declining throughout North
America were seemingly the most benefitted by the CRP.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
205. The impact of haying Conservation Reserve
Program lands on productivity of ducks nesting in the Prairie
Pothole Region of North and South Dakota.
Renner, R. W.; Reynolds, R. E.;
and Batt, B. D. J.
Transactions of the North
American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference 60: 221-229. (1995)
NAL Call #:
412.9-N814; ISSN: 0078-1355 [NAWTA6].
Notes: Meeting held March 24-29, 1995, Minneapolis,
Minnesota
Descriptors:
anatidae / prairies/ conservation
areas/ haymaking/ reproductive performance/ nature reserves/ land
banks/ North Dakota/ South Dakota
Abstract: Compared nest success and duck production
in hayed and non-hayed CRP fields.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
206. Impact of Haying CRP Lands on Duck Nesting
in the Prairie Pothole Region.
Renner, R. W. and Reynolds, R.
E.
In: 60th North American Wildlife
and Natural Resources Conference. (Held 24 Mar 1995-29 Mar 1995 at Minneapolis,
MN (USA).); 1995.
Notes: Conference Sponsor: Wildlife Management
Institute (Washington, DC); World Meeting Number 951
0315
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
207. Impact of the Conservation Reserve Program
on duck recruitment in the U.S. Prairie Pothole Region.
Reynolds, R. E.; Shaffer, T. L.;
Renner, R. W.; Newton, W. E.; and Batt, B. D. J.
Journal of Wildlife
Management 65
(4): 765-780. (2001)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X
Descriptors:
Breeding success/ Recruitment/ Land
use/ Wildlife management/ Conservation Reserve Program/ Habitat
improvement/ Breeding sites/ Food availability/ Hunting/
Aquaculture/ Anas/ Montana/ South Dakota/ North Dakota/
Prairie Pothole Region/ Prairie Pothole Region/ Conservation
Reserve Program/ Dabbling ducks/ Management/ Culture of other
aquatic animals/ United States
Abstract: The U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA)'s Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) resulted in the
conversion of about 1.9 million ha of cropland to perennial grass
cover in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, South Dakota,
and northeastern Montana by 1992. Many wildlife managers believed
this cover would provide benefits to wildlife, including upland
nesting ducks. During 1992-1995, we evaluated success of 5 duck
species nesting in CRP fields and nearby Waterfowl Production Areas
(WPA) throughout the region. We examined relationships between
daily survival rates (DSR) of duck nests in CRP cover and
landscape-level habitat and population parameters. We computed DSR
of duck nests in other major cover types in our study area from
data collected during 1980-1984 (pre-CRP) and 1990-1994 (CRP)
periods. We then applied recruitment models to estimate duck
production in our study area during peak CRP years (1992-1997) and
compared these results with those that simulated the scenario in
which cropland was in place of CRP cover (i.e., the CRP had not
occurred). DSR were higher in all habitats combined during the CRP
period compared to the pre-CRP period. Regressions of DSR in CRP
cover on the percent of each study plot in perennial cover and
geographic location were significant (P< 0.01) for 4 of 5 duck
(Anas spp.) species. Estimated nest success and recruitment rates
for the 5 species combined during 1992-1997 were 46% and 30%
higher, respectively, with CRP cover on the landscape compared to a
scenario where we simulated cropland in place of CRP. Our model
estimated an additional 12.4 million recruits from our study area
to the fall flight as a consequence of the CRP during 1992-1997.
Our results document benefits to 5 duck species in the northern
plains associated with a farm program that provided financial
incentives to landowners for planting undisturbed grass cover as an
alternative to annual crops.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
208. Impact of the Conservation Reserve Program
on wildlife conservation in the Midwest.
Ryan, M. R.
In: A comprehensive review of Farm
Bill contributions wildlife conservation, 1985-2000/ Heard, L. P;
Hohman, W. L.; Halloum, D. J.; and Wildlife Habitat Management
Institute (U.S.); Series: Technical Report
USDA/NRCS/WHMI.
Madison, MS: USDA, NRCS, Wildlife
Habitat Management Institute, 2000; pp. 45-54
NAL Call #: aS604.6 .C66 2000
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
wildlife habitats/ wildlife management
209. The importance of Conservation Reserve
Program fields to breeding grassland birds at Buffalo Ridge,
Minnesota.
Leddy, Krecia L.; Higgins, Kenneth
F.; and Naugle, David E.
South Dakota Academy of
Science: Proceedings
76: 105-111. (1997); ISSN: 0096-378X.
Notes: Papers presented at The 82nd Annual Meeting of
the South Dakota Academy of Science, April 25-26, 1997, Northern
State University, Aberdeen, South Dakota. Editor: Higgins, Kenneth
F.
Descriptors:
Passeriformes/ agricultural crops/
habits/ behavior/ birds/ breeding/ Conservation Reserve Program/
density/ ecosystems/ farmland/ grasslands/ habitat management/
habitat use/ management/ pastures/ species diversity/ wildlife/
North America/ United States/ Minnesota/
Minnesota, Southwestern
Abstract: Nongame birds were surveyed during summer
1995 at Buffalo Ridge in southwestern Minnesota, to evaluate the
importance of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grasslands to
local avifauna. Bird abundance and composition were compared among
three habitat types (CRP grasslands, pasturelands, and croplands)
using an index to breeding bird density (i.e., number of singing
males/transect area), percent species composition, and total
species richness. Vertical height and density of vegetation were
measured early in the growing season (mid-May) and during the peak
of the growing season (mid-June) to determine whether vegetative
structure was related to bird use of vegetation. Conservation
Reserve Program fields had higher vegetation measurements and
supported higher bird densities and species richness than
pasturelands and croplands. Mean bird density (birds/100 ha) in CRP
grasslands was 312.5 compared to 166.7 in pasturelands and only
75.0 in croplands. Ten bird species were present in CRP grasslands
compared to eight in pasturelands and nine in croplands. The
presence of three native bird species (sedge wren, dickcissel, and
clay-colored sparrow) in CRP grasslands that were not found in
pasturelands or croplands indicated that CRP grasslands were an
important habitat type for maintaining avian diversity at Buffalo
Ridge.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
210. The Influence of Field Age On Mammalian
Relative Abundance, Diversity, and Distribution On Conservation
Reserve Program Lands in Michigan.
Furrow, Ly Thi
East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University, 1995.
Notes: Masters Thesis; Cited: Masters Abstracts
International 33 (05): p. 1442
Descriptors:
Agriculture, Forestry &
Wildlife/ conservation/ wildlife distribution/ prairies/
meadows/ agricultural conservation
programs
Abstract: Past research evaluating wildlife
use of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands have focused
primarily on avian populations as indicators of wildlife habitat
quality. In addition to avian species, mammals may also serve as
indicators of wildlife habitat quality and have not been adequately
evaluated on CRP lands. Relative small mammal abundance, species
composition, diversity, and vegetative characteristics were
examined on replicated CP1 fields of 6 age classes and on
agricultural fields in Gratiot County, Michigan in 1992 and 1993.
Additionally, predator scent stations were used to monitor medium
sized mammals associated with CRP fields. Results suggest that the
structure and composition of various age classes of CRP fields
influenced mammal abundance, richness, and diversity. Reverting CRP
lands to cropland may have significant impacts on a diversity of
mammal species that depend on habitat conditions provided by these
grasslands.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
211. Influence of the Conservation Reserve
Program on landscape structure and potential upland wildlife
habitat.
Weber, Whitney L; Roseberry, John
L; and Woolf, Alan
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 30 (3): 888-898.
(Fall 2002)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648
Descriptors:
Conservation/ Conservation
measures/ Land and freshwater zones/ Nearctic region/ North
America/ United States/ Comprehensive Zoology/ Habitat
management/ Illinois: South and west central/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ landscape structure/ upland wildlife habitat/
Phasianidae: Galliformes, Aves/ Birds/ Chordates/
Vertebrates
© Thomson
212. The influence of the CRP on grasshopper
sparrow population trends in the mid-continental United
States.
Herkert, James R.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 26 (2): 227-231.
(1998)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648
Descriptors:
Fringillidae/ Passeriformes/
Ammodramus savannarum/ birds/ Conservation Reserve Program/
ecosystems/ habitat management/ land use/ land, private/
management/ population ecology/ techniques/ wildlife/ wildlife/
habitat relationships/ conservation programs/ sparrows/ abundance/
evaluation/ habitat changes/ grasshopper sparrow/ North America/
United States/ Northcentral States
Abstract: Data suggest that a balance of both
managed and undisturbed Conservation Reserve Program lands in the
northcentral United States would be most beneficial to a wide
variety of grassland birds, including the grasshopper
sparrow.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
213. Land-use changes and hunter participation:
The case of the Conservation Reserve Program.
Langner, L. L.
Transactions of the North
American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference (54th): 382-390. (1989)
NAL Call #:
412.9-N814; ISSN: 0078-1355 [NAWTA]
Descriptors:
erosion control/ land use/ soil
conservation/ wildlife management/ United States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
214. Land-use patterns surrounding greater
prairie-chicken leks in northwestern Minnesota.
Merrill, M. D.; Chapman, K. A.;
Poiani, K. A.; and Winter, B.
Journal of Wildlife
Management 63 (1): 189-198.
(Jan. 1999)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X
Descriptors:
Land use / Lek/ Wildlife
management/ Tympanuchus cupido / United States, Minnesota/ Greater
prairie chicken/ Management
Abstract: To better manage wildlife populations,
managers must know which combination of land uses creates optimal
habitat. We used spatial analysis at a landscape scale to describe
land-use patterns and patch characteristics surrounding leks of
greater prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus L.) in the
Agassiz Beach Ridges (ABR) landscape (2,467 km super(2)) in
northwest Minnesota. We hypothesized that types and patterns of
land use favorable to greater prairie-chickens would be associated
positively with lek versus non-lek points, and particularly more
stable (traditional) leks. Using a Geographic Information System
(GIS), we analyzed land-use proportions and patch characteristics
within an 810-ha area (1.6-km radius) surrounding traditional leks,
temporary leks, and randomly located non-lek points. We found
locations of greater prairie-chicken leks were strongly dependent
on land use as revealed by a multivariate analysis of variance
(MANOVA; P < 0.001). A discriminant function analysis and
univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that several
land-use characteristics were associated most strongly with leks:
smaller amounts of residential-farmstead, smaller amounts and
smaller patches of forest, and greater amounts of Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) lands. Comparisons between traditional and
temporary leks revealed that traditional leks were surrounded by a
lesser proportion of forest and cropland than were temporary leks
(P < 0.001). Univariate ANOVAs showed that traditional leks also
were associated with larger patches of grassland (P < 0.001),
and grassland (P = 0.016) and forest patches (P = 0.017) having
more irregular shapes. Our study suggests efforts to manage and
conserve greater prairie-chicken populations in the Tallgrass
Prairie Region should focus on landscape-scale land-use patterns in
addition to local habitat characteristics. Landscape-scale efforts
could include enlarging grasslands around traditional leks by
completing prairie restorations and CRP plantings, while
local-scale strategies should seek to improve the quality of
habitat in existing and new grassland areas.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
215. Male dickcissels feed nestlings in
east-central Illinois.
Maddox, J. D. and Bollinger, E.
K.
Wilson Bulletin
112 (1): 153-155. (Mar.
2000)
NAL Call #:
413.8 W692; ISSN: 0043-5643
Descriptors:
Feeding behavior/ Paternal
behavior/ Nests/ Food availability/ Illinois/ Spiza americana/
Dickcissel/ Birds/ United States
Abstract: We observed male Dickcissels (Spiza
americana) commonly feeding nestlings in Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) fields in 1997 in east-central Illinois. Male
Dickcissels fed nestlings at six of the eight nests we observed,
accounting for 37% of the total nest visits. Overall, females made
significantly more nest visits than males. However, at the six
male-assisted nests, the number of male and female nest visits did
not differ significantly. Male Dickcissel feeding behavior may have
been prompted by low food abundance. Males were not observed
feeding nestlings in 1998, when overall nest success was higher and
nestling starvation was less than in 1997.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
216. Mammalian species composition, diversity,
and succession in Conservation Reserve Program
grasslands.
Hall, D. L. and Willig, M.
R.
Southwestern
Naturalist 39: 11-10.
(1994)
NAL Call #:
409.6 So8; ISSN: 0038-4909
Descriptors:
Mammalia / species composition/
species diversity/ succession/ nature reserves/ Texas/
Conservation/ United States
Abstract: Species diversity and composition of
small mammals were each compared between Conservation Reserve
Program (CRP) grasslands and native shortgrass prairie on the
Southern High Plains of Texas. Small mammals were livetrapped in
all four seasons during a one-year interval at six CRP sites (1, 2,
and 3 years of age) and two control sites. Two factors
(vegetational heterogeneity and age of habitat) known to affect
species diversity were analyzed by a variety of quantitative
methods. No significant differences in mammalian diversity
(Fisher's log series alpha) were found among sites, and diversity
was not significantly correlated with vegetational heterogeneity or
site age. Species composition (proportional density of species) was
significantly different among all sites in each season. Regardless
of season, a priori hierarchical comparisons revealed significant
differences in the proportional abundances of species between all
CRP sites as a group and in the control sites. The CRP grasslands
simulate shortgrass prairies in species diversity, but not in
species composition. Differences in species composition between CRP
grasslands and shortgrass prairie may be a result of the lack of
natural disturbances (i.e., grazing, fire) on the CRP
grasslands.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
217. Managing your CRP for wildlife.
United States Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service NRCS,
2002
http://www.kdwp.state.ks.us/news/content/download/977/4809/file/MnagngCRP.pdf
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
United States
Abstract: Addressed the issue of wildlife
habitat management and enhancement practices to better target CRP
objectives.
218. Modeling the Effects of Conservation
Reserve Program Lands On the Diversity and Abundance of Wildlife
and Plant Species in A Temperate Agro-ecosystem.
Minnis, Richard B.
East Lansing, MI: Michigan State
University, 1996.
Notes: Degree: MSC; Cited: Masters Abstracts
International 34(05): p. 1842, October 1996
Descriptors:
Agriculture, Forestry &
Wildlife/ Environmental Sciences/ conservation/ forest fauna/ land
use
Abstract: The Conservation Reserve Program
(CRP) provides the opportunity to model changes in wildlife and
plant species composition in agricultural landscapes when land use
practices are altered. Avian, mammalian, invertebrate, and
vegetation characteristics were examined in 5 age classes (1-5
growing seasons) of CRP fields in Gratiot County, Michigan in 1992.
Models developed from the data indicate that both field specific
and landscape variables are important in predicting wildlife
abundance and diversity. Field specific variables that describe the
successional changes in vegetation composition and structure of CRP
fields were important in predicting the relative abundance and
diversity of invertebrate and avian species. Landscape variables
such as the proportion and juxtaposition of different cover types
within the landscape also significantly (P $< $ 0.10) affected
wildlife diversity and abundance. Maintaining a diversity of CRP
age classes within a landscape, through enrollment or periodic
manipulation of fields, produces the highest and most stable
overall wildlife diversity.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
219. New Mexico's CRP and wildlife habitat
improvement.
Schmidt, Robert J. Jr.;
Mullins, Charles J.; Woody, Monty; and Knight, Jim
North American Wildlife and
Natural Resources Conference, Transactions 55: 68-73 . (1990);
ISSN: 0078-1355.
Notes: WR 222
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Programs/
habitat management/ management/ wildlife/ North America/ United
States/ New Mexico
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
220. Nongame bird nesting on CRP lands in the
Texas Southern High Plains.
Berthelsen, Peter S. and Smith,
Loren M.
Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation 50 (6):
672-675. 1995. (
1995)
NAL Call #:
56.8 J822; ISSN: 0022-4561.
Notes: Special issue on wetlands.
Includes references.
Descriptors:
Fringillidae/ Passeriformes/
Agelaius phoeniceus/ Aimophila cassinii/ Ammodramus
savannarum/ Sturnella neglecta/ agricultural practices/ birds/
clutches/ communities/ conservation programs/ Conservation Reserve
Program/ distribution/ ecosystems/ grasslands/ habitat management/
land use/ management/ nesting sites/ nests/ nesting/ nongame
wildlife/ productivity/ species diversity/ Texas/ Texas, Southern/
wildlife/ agricultural land/ land diversion/ environmental impact/
permanent grasslands/ wild birds/ species/ diversity/ density/
habitats/ federal programs/ nest density/ agricultural economics
(general)/ land development, land reform, and utilization
(macroeconomics)/ natural resources land resources/ western
meadowlark/ red winged blackbird/ grasshopper sparrow/
Cassin's sparrow/ North America/ United States
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
221. Northern Prairie Science Center
Conservation Reserve Biblilography.
Allen, A. W., 2002
http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/crpbib/crpbib.htm
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
United States
Abstract: Bibliography of documents relating
to effects of CRP on wildlife.
222. Observations of avian nesting activity in
burned and non-burned weeping lovegrass CRP.
Oberheu, D.; Mitchell, R.;
Dabbert, B.; and Davis, S.
Texas Journal of
Agriculture and Natural Resources 12: 14-17. (1999)
NAL Call #:
S1.T49; ISSN: 0891-5466.
Notes: Publisher: Agriculture Consortium of Texas /
Kingsville, Tx.
Descriptors:
eragrostis curvula/ wild birds/
habitats/ nesting/ nature conservation/ nests/ prescribed burning /
species/ drought/ ground cover/ endangered species/
Texas
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
223. Opportunities for enhancing wildlife
benefits through the Conservation Reserve Program.
Isaacs, B. and Howell,
D.
Transactions of the North
American Wildlife and Natural Resource Conference (53rd): 222-231. (1988)
NAL Call #:
412.9-N814; ISSN: 0078-1355 [NAWTA]
Descriptors:
wildlife conservation/ conservation
areas/ farmland/ windbreaks/ woody plants/ United States
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
224. Perceptions of wildlife damage by
Conservation Reserve Program contract holders in Riley County,
Kansas.
Hughes, J. P. and Gipson, P.
S.
Proceedings - Vertebrate
Pest Conference : 154-157. (1996)
NAL Call #:
SB950.A1V4; ISSN: 0507-6773 [PVPCBM]
Descriptors:
vertebrate pests/ crop damage/
surveys
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
225. Plow: Lessons Learned From CRP -
Counterpoint, Negative Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program
on Prairie Wildlife.
Bidwell, T. G.
In: 50th Annual Meeting of the
Society for Range Management. (Held 15 Feb 1997-20 Feb 1997 at Rapid City, SD
(USA).); 1997.
Notes: Conference Sponsor: South Dakota Section of the
Society for Range Management; HQ: Society for Range Management
(Denver, CO); World Meeting Number 971 0113
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
226. Population trends of the Henslow's sparrow
in relation to the Conservation Reserve Program in Illinois,
1975-1995.
Herkert, J. R.
Journal of Field
Ornithology 68 (2): 235-244.
(1997)
NAL Call #:
413.8 B534; ISSN: 0273-8570
Descriptors:
Ammodramus henslowii/ population
status/ agricultural practices/ government policy/ conservation/
Illinois/ Birds/ United States
Abstract: Data from Illinois' Spring Bird Count was
used to estimate long-term population trends of Henslow's Sparrows
in Illinois and to examine if the Conservation Reserve Program has
affected these trends. Spring Bird Count data suggest that
Henslow's Sparrow populations in Illinois have declined
significantly over the last 21 yr, with an estimated average rate
of decline of 7.1% per year between 1975-1995. These data
corroborate analyses of other long-term data sets and provide
additional support for the general impression that populations of
this species have declined in many parts of its range. Analyses of
the potential benefits of the Conservation Reserve Program for
Henslow's Sparrows revealed that recent population trends
(1987-1995) in counties with high enrollment in this program were
significantly greater than trends in counties with little
Conservation Reserve Program enrollment. Although these data
suggest that the Conservation Reserve Program may have benefitted
Henslow's Sparrows in Illinois, this benefit has been insufficient
to offset long-term declines due to other factors. Other
conservation actions, beyond those associated with efforts aimed at
reauthorizing and improving the Conservation Reserve Program, will
likely be needed to achieve adequate protection for this
species.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
227. Potential effects on grassland birds of
converting marginal cropland to switchgrass biomass
production.
Murray, L. D.; Best, L. B.;
Jacobsen, T. J.; and Braster, M. L.
Biomass and
Bioenergy 25 (2): 167-175.
(2003); ISSN:
0961-9534
Descriptors:
Biotechnology & Applied
Microbiology/ biomass/ birds/ energy crops/ switchgrass (Panicum
virgatum)/ watershed/ wildlife/ Conservation Reserve Program/
habitat selection/ CRP fields/ communities/ abundance/
Missouri
Abstract: Habitat loss is a major reason for the
decline of grassland birds in North America. Five habitats
(pastures, hayfields, rowcrop fields, small-grain fields,
Conservation Reserve Program fields) compose most of the habitat
used by grassland birds in the Midwest United States. Growing and
harvesting switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) as a biomass fuel would
create another habitat for grassland birds. Bird abundance
information from studies conducted in Iowa and adjacent states and
land-use data for the Rathbun Lake Watershed in southern Iowa were
used in a Geographic Information System to model the potential
effects on bird abundances of converting rowcrop fields to biomass
production. Abundances of bird species that are management
priorities increased in both biomass scenarios. Common yellowthroat
(Geothlypis trichas) abundance in the watershed also increased
greatly in both scenarios. Other species (e.g., horned lark
(Eremophila alpestris), killdeer (Charadrius vociferous)) were more
abundant in the existing land use than in the biomass scenarios,
and conversion of fields from rowcrop to biomass production could
be detrimental to these species. In general, biomass fields will
provide habitat for grassland birds that are management priorities,
but future monitoring of birds in such fields is needed as
conversion of rowcrop fields to biomass production
continues.
© Thomson
228. Predation rates on real and artificial
nests of grassland birds.
Davison, W. B. and Bollinger,
E.
Auk 117 (1): 147-153. (Jan. 2000)
NAL Call #:
413.8 AU4; ISSN: 0004-8038
Descriptors:
Nests/ Predation/ Site selection/
Human impact/ Grasslands/ Illinois/ Aves/ Birds/ Birds/ United
States
Abstract: We estimated nesting success at real and
artificial nests of grassland birds to test the influence of nest
type, nest position, and egg size on predation rates. We
distributed wicker nests and realistic woven-grass nests baited
with a clay egg and either a Northern Bobwhite (Colinus
virginianus) egg or a House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) egg in four
grasslands that were part of the Conservation Reserve Program in
east-central Illinois. Nesting success averaged 86.5% for 12 days
of exposure for artificial nests. For real nests, nesting success
was markedly lower, averaging 39% over the entire nesting cycle and
59% during approximately 12 days of incubation. Wicker nests were
depredated more often than woven-grass artificial nests (18% vs.
8%), and nests baited with House Sparrow eggs were depredated more
often than nests baited with Northern Bobwhite eggs (22% vs. 9%).
Elevated and ground nests were depredated at the same rate.
Patterns of nest predation on wicker nests were markedly different
from depredation patterns on real nests over time and among fields.
In contrast, patterns of nest predation on realistic woven-grass
nests corresponded much more closely with predation rates of real
nests over time and among fields. We suggest that future artificial
nest studies use nests and eggs that mimic as closely as possible
the real nests and eggs of target species. Use of unrealistic
artificial nests and eggs, at least in grasslands, may result in
patterns of predation that do not accurately reflect those of real
nests. Artificial nests of any type appear to underestimate
predation rates on nests of grassland birds, possibly because of a
lack of snake predation on artificial nests.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
229. Predicting juniper encroachment and CRP
effects on avian community dynamics in southern mixed-grass
prairie, USA.
Coppedge, B. R.; Engle, D. M.;
Masters, R. E.; and Gregory, M. S.
Biological
Conservation 115 (3):
431-441. (2004)
NAL Call #:
S900.B5; ISSN: 0006-3207.
Notes: Number of References: 66
Descriptors:
Environment/ Ecology/ breeding bird
survey/ Conservation Reserve Program/ grassland/ juniper/ logistic
regression/ Oklahoma/ conservation reserve program/ great plains
grasslands/ woody plant invasion/ population trends/ breeding
birds/ North America/ United States/ cover type/ fields/
vegetation
Abstract: The probability of occurrence of 30 bird
species was modeled as a function of landscape covertype in
northwestern Oklahoma, USA. This grassland region has been
extensively fragmented by agricultural activity, and remnant
grassland patches are undergoing severe degradation from
encroaching juniper (Juniperus virginiana L.). In addition, many
marginal or highly erodable croplands have been placed into
perennial pasture dominated by exotic grasses under the
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Based on temporal patterns of
landscape change observed between 1965 and 1995, we estimated the
covertype composition of the landscapes in the year 2015 under
various CRP administrative and juniper expansion/control scenarios.
We then used logistic regression to predict bird responses to these
landscape composition estimates. Our estimates suggest that at the
current rate of expansion, juniper will overtake substantial areas
of remnant grassland even with extensive control measures. As a
result, some obligate and facultative grassland birds are projected
to decline, while numerous species tolerant of or partially reliant
on woody vegetation will increase. Landscape dynamics due to
changes in the CRP might be significant and could be designed to
benefit declining grassland birds, but these benefits thus far are
relatively minor compared to the effects encroaching juniper
woodlands will have on the landscape and the avian community. (C)
2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
© Thomson ISI
230. Pronghorn use of agricultural land in
northwestern South Dakota.
Griffin, S. L.
Brookings, SD: South Dakota State
University, 1991.
Notes: M.S. thesis
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ South Dakota
Abstract: Studied the seasonal use of CRP
grasslands by pronghorns.
231. Recreational opportunities on CRP
Lands.
Varnedoe, L. E.
Conservation Reserve
Program Forest Land Opportunities (13) (1995)
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
United States
Abstract: Compared consumptive and non-consumptive
uses of recreational lands, along with wildlife associated
recreation.
232. Relation of grassland bird abundance to
mowing of Conservation Reserve Program fields in North
Dakota.
Horn, D. J. and Koford, R.
R.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 28 (3): 653-659.
(2000)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648
Descriptors:
Grasslands/ Mowing/ Conservation/
Population decline/ North Dakota/ Cistothorus platensis/
Passerculus sandwichensis/ Sedge wren/ Savannah sparrow/
Conservation/ Birds/ United States
Abstract: One factor that may be contributing to
declines of several grassland bird species is mowing of grassland
fields. We compared the relative abundance of birds in idled and
mowed portions of grassland fields to investigate the influence of
mowing in the previous summer on the grassland bird community. The
study occurred in central North Dakota in 12 reseeded cropland
fields enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program. Sedge wrens
(Cistothorus platensis) were more abundant in idled portions of
grassland fields, whereas savannah sparrows (Passerculus
sandwichensis) were more abundant in portions of fields that were
mowed the previous year. Our findings are similar to other studies
indicating that several grassland bird species in the central
United States and Canada respond consistently to mowing.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
233. Relationships of habitat patch size to
predator community and survival of duck nests.
Sovada, M. A.; Zicus, M. C.;
Greenwood, R. J.; Rave, D. P.; Newton, W. E.; Woodward, R. O.; and
Beiser, J. A.
Journal of Wildlife
Management 64
(3): 820-831. (2000)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X
Descriptors:
Patches/ Habitat/ Predators/
Survival/ Nests/ United States, Minnesota/ United States, North
Dakota/ United States, South Dakota/ Community composition/ Aquatic
birds/ Breeding success/ Area/ Anatidae/ Mammalia/ United States,
Minnesota/ United States, North Dakota/ United States, South
Dakota/ Ducks/ Mammals/ patch size/ Prairie Pothole Region/
Mammals/ Environmental effects
Abstract: We studied duck nest success and predator
community composition in relation to size of discrete patches of
nesting cover in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the United
States in 1993-95. We focused on nests in uplands that were seeded
to perennial grasses and forbs and enrolled in the Conservation
Reserve Program (CRP) in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota.
We estimated daily survival rates (DSRs) of upland duck nests and
indices of activity for red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis
latrans), American badgers (Taxidea taxus), striped skunks
(Mephitis mephitis), and Franklin's ground squirrels (Spermophilus
franklinii), and related these variables to habitat patch size. The
effect of patch size (small vs. large) on estimated annual mean DSR
was dependent on date of nest initiation (early vs. late) and year.
Examination of within-year comparisons for early and late nests
suggested that DSR was generally greater in larger habitat patches.
Activity indices for the 5 mammalian nest predators were influenced
differently by year, location, and patch size. Activity indices of
the red fox were greatest in small patches. Coyote indices were the
most inconsistent, demonstrating a year x location x patch size
interaction. Activity indices of the striped skunk and American
badger varied only among years. Franklin's ground squirrel indices
were affected by study area location, with higher indices in the
southeast than the northwest. Red fox activity was weakly
correlated with that of the striped skunk and coyote. Although a
positive relationship between habitat patch size and nest success
probably exists, we believe the experiment to fully test this
hypothesis will continue to be elusive.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
234. Reproductive success of grasshopper
sparrows in relation to edge.
Delisle, Jennifer M and Savidge,
Julie A
Prairie Naturalist 28 (3): 107-114.
(1996)
NAL Call #:
QH540 .P7; ISSN: 0091-0376
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
ecology/ edge relation/ reproductive success/ Southeast Nebraska/
wildlife management/ animals/ birds/ chordates/ nonhuman
vertebrates/ vertebrates/ animal (Animalia Unspecified)/
grasshopper sparrow (Passeriformes)/ Ammodramus savannarum
(Passeriformes)
Abstract: Using an index based on observations of
breeding behaviors, we estimated reproductive success of 31
territorial grasshopper sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) on
Conservation Reserve Program fields in southeast Nebraska.
Reproductive success was 52%, and no difference was detected
between birds holding interior (gt 100 m from the edge) vs. edge
territories. However, grasshopper sparrows appeared to avoid
nesting within 50 m of edge habitats. Territories ranged from
0.36-1.24 ha, and territory size did not differ between successful
and unsuccessful males.
© Thomson
235. Reuse of annual set-aside lands:
Implications for wildlife.
Frawley, B. J. and Walters,
S.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 24 (4):
655-659. (Winter 1996)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648 [WLSBA6]
Descriptors:
agricultural land/ land management/
wildlife/ conservation/ Indiana/ Conservation Reserve
Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
236. Ring-necked pheasant nesting ecology and
production on CRP lands in the Texas Southern High
Plains.
Berthelsen, Peter S.; Smith, Loren
M.; and George, Ronnie R.
North American Wildlife and
Natural Resources Conference, Transactions 55: 46-56. (1990);
ISSN: 0078-1355.
Notes: WR 222
Descriptors:
Galliformes/ Phasianidae/ Phasianus
colchicus/ birds / behavior/ Conservation Reserve Programs/
management/ nests/ nesting/ productivity/ wildlife/ common
pheasant/ fertility/ recruitment/ density/ North America/ United
States/ Texas/
Texas, Northwestern
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
237. The Role of the Conservation Reserve
Program in Relation to Wildlife Enhancement, Wetlands and Adjacent
Habitats in the Northern Great Plains.
Higgins, K. F.; Nomsen, D. E.; and
Wentz, W. A.
In: General Technical Report RM;
Vol. 159.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1987.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado.
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/
Regional conservation programs/ Northern Great Plains
Abstract: Focused on the value of CRP
grasslands directly related to wetlands and their associated
wildlife (primary migratory birds).
238. The role of trees and shrubs as economic
enterprises and wildlife habitat development in the Great
Plains.
Hoefer, P. and Bratton, G.
F.
In: General Technical Report
RM.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
109-112.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains,"
held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver,
Colorado.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
soil conservation/ resource
conservation/ revegetation/ erosion control/ shrubs/ trees/
wildlife/ habitats/ northern plains states of USA/ southern plains
states of USA/ Conservation Reserve Program
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
239. The role of wildlife as an economic input
into a farming or ranching operation.
Bryant, F. C. and Smith, L.
M.
In: General Technical Report
RM.
Fort Collins, Colo.: Rocky
Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1988; pp.
95-98.
Notes: Report Series ISSN: 0277-5786; Proceedings of a
Symposium on "Impacts of the Conservation Reserve Program in the
Great Plains," held Sept 16-18, 1987, Denver, Colorado. Includes
references.
NAL Call #: aSD11.A42
Descriptors:
farming/ wildlife/ wildlife
management/ economic impact/ Texas/ Conservation Reserve Program/
high plains/ rolling plains
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
240. Rural economic effects of the Conservation
Reserve Program in North Dakota.
Bangsund DA; Leistritz FL; and
Hodur NM
Fargo, N.D.: Department of
Agribusiness and Applied Economics, North Dakota State University,
2002. viii; 117 p. Agribusiness and Applied Economics
Report (AAER).
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
241. Seasonal use of Conservation Reserve
Program fields by white-tailed deer in eastern South
Dakota.
Gould, J.
Brookings, SD: South Dakota State
University, 1991.
Notes: M.S. Thesis
Descriptors:
Conservation Reserve Program/ State
conservation programs/ South Dakota
Abstract: CRP land cover and maintenance
practices, where white-tailed deer populations nested in eastern
South Dakota, were examined.
242. Seasonal use of Conservation Reserve
Program lands by white-tailed deer in East-Central South
Dakota.
Gould, Jeffrey H. and Jenkins,
Kurt J.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 21 (3): 250-255.
(1993)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648.
Notes: WR 240; Project Number: SD W-075-R/Study 7541
Descriptors:
Odocoileus virginianus/ behavior/
Conservation Reserve Programs/ habitat use/ management/ mammals/
season/ wildlife/ odocoileus virginianus/ habitat selection/
seasonal variation/ diurnal variation/ conservation areas/
telemetry/ natural resources/ agriculture (general)/ deer, white
tailed/ land, private/ cultivated farmland/ policies and programs/
habitat/ utilization/ seasons/ seasonal activities/ white tailed
deer/ North America/ United States/ South Dakota/ East central
region/ Brookings County/ Kingsbury County/ Lake County/
United States
Abstract: Objectives were to describe variation in
deer use of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands by season,
diel period, and deer activity class as a means of assessing
seasonal importance of CRP fields to white-tailed deer in the
agricultural midwest. Use of CRP fields was determined by locating
radiomarked female deer from 15 September 1989 to 31 December
1990.
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
243. Seed availability in grazed pastures and
Conservation Reserve Program fields during winter in
Kansas.
Klute, D. S.; Robel, R. J.; and
Kemp, K. E.
Journal of Field
Ornithology 68 (2): 253-258.
(1997)
NAL Call #:
413.8 B534; ISSN: 0273-8570
Descriptors:
grasslands/ seeds/ abundance/
winter/ agricultural practices/ government policy/ Kansas/
Management/ United States
Abstract: Studies have documented the importance of
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields to breeding birds, but
few have examined them as food sources for wintering birds. We
compared the biomass of seeds in CRP fields to that in grazed
native grass pastures in northeastern Kansas during two winters.
Log transformed total seed biomass was significantly lower in
grazed pastures than in CRP fields during the first winter but not
the second. Total seed biomass in CRP fields was highly variable,
and decreased between November and February. Seeds that were
typically abundant in CRP fields are important food items of
wintering grassland birds. In conclusion, CRP fields are superior
to grazed native grass pastures in northeastern Kansas as winter
foraging habitat for birds.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
244. Selection of flooded agricultural fields
and other landscapes by female northern pintails wintering in
Tulare Basin, California.
Fleskes, J. P.; Jarvis, R. L.; and
Gilmer, D. S.
Wildlife Society
Bulletin 31 (3): 793-803.
(2003)
NAL Call #:
SK357.A1W5; ISSN: 0091-7648.
Notes: Number of References: 49
Descriptors:
Environment/ Ecology/ Anas acuta/
California/ habitat selection/ northern pintail/ San Joaquin
Valley/ Tulare Basin/ San Joaquin Valley/ habitat use/ sacramento
valley/ feeding ecology/ waterfowl/ ducks/ shorebirds/ movements/
wetlands
Abstract: Habitat selection and use are measures of
relative importance of habitats to wildlife and necessary
information for effective wildlife conservation. To measure the
relative importance of flooded agricultural fields and other
landscapes to northern pintails (Anas acuta) wintering in Tulare
Basin (TB), California, we radiotagged female pintails during late
August-early October, 1991-1993 in TB and other San Joaquin Valley
areas and determined use and selection of these TB landscapes
through March each year. Availability of landscape and field types
in TB changed within and among years. Pintail use and selection
(based upon use-to-availability log ratios) of landscape and field
types differed among seasons, years, and diel periods. Fields
flooded after harvest and before planting (i.e., pre-irrigated)
were the most available, used, and selected landscape type before
the hunting season (Prehunt). Safflower was the most available,
used, and-except in 1993, when pre-irrigated fallow was
available-selected pre-irrigated field type during Prehunt.
Pre-irrigated barley-wheat received 19-22% of use before hunting
season, but selection varied greatly among years and diel periods.
During and after hunting season, managed marsh was the most
available, used, and, along with floodwater areas, selected
landscape type; pre-irrigated cotton and alfalfa were the least
selected field types and accounted for less than or equal to13% of
pintail use. Agricultural drainwater evaporation ponds, sewage
treatment ponds, and reservoirs accounted for 42-48% of flooded
landscape available but were little used and least selected. Exodus
of pintails from TB coincided with drying of pre-irrigated fallow,
safflower, and barley-wheat fields early in winter, indicating that
preferred habitats were lacking in TB during late winter.
Agriculture conservation programs could improve TB for pintails by
increasing flooding of fallow and harvested safflower and grain
fields. Conservation of remaining wetlands should concentrate on
increasing the amount and productivity of marsh that is
shallow-flooded as pre-irrigated grain fields dry. If pintails were
provided with adequate preferred field and marsh habitats,
including hunt-day sanctuaries, contaminant risks associated with
exposure to drainwater evaporation ponds probably should remain low
for these waterfowl even if their abundance in TB
increased.
© Thomson ISI
245. Short-Term Bird Response to Harvesting
Switchgrass for Biomass in Iowa.
Murray, LD and Best, LB
Journal of Wildlife
Management 67 (3):
611-621. (July 2003)
NAL Call #:
410 J827; ISSN: 0022-541X
Descriptors:
Biomass/ Birds/ Energy Crops/
Grassland/ Iowa/ Nest Success/ Panicum Virgatum/ Switchgrass/
Conservation Reserve Program/ Grassland Birds/ Nest Success/ North
Dakota/ CRP Fields/ Abundance/ Habitat/ Vegetation/
Pheasants/ Survival
Abstract: Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
provides habitat for grassland birds, but as contracts expire, some
CRP fields might be returned to rowcrop production. One alternative
to returning CRP fields to rowcrops is to produce switchgrass
(Panicum virgatum) for use as a biomass fuel. Because the biomass
is harvested during the fall and winter, breeding birds would not
be directly affected by mowing the fields but might be influenced
by changes in vegetation structure resulting from the harvest. We
evaluated bird abundances and nest success in totally, harvested,
partially harvested (alternating cut and uncut strips), and
nonharvested CRP switchgrass fields in southern Iowa, USA, in 1999
and 2000. Species richness did not differ among harvest treatments.
Abundances of most species (16 of 18) were not affected by the
harvesting of switchgrass fields, and strip width did not affect
bird numbers in strip- harvested fields. Grasshopper sparrows
(Ammodramus savannarum) were more abundant in harvested portions of
fields, and more sedge wrens (Cistothorus platensis) were recorded
in nonharvested areas. The residual vegetation in nonharvested
areas provided nest cover for species that begin nesting early in
the season (e.g., northern harrier [Circus cyaneus] and ring-necked
pheasant [Phasianus colchicus]). Nest success rates of grasshopper
sparrows and common yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas) were similar
to those reported by other studies in switchgrass fields and might
be sufficient to maintain stable populations. In general,
switchgrass biomass fields create breeding habitat for some
grassland birds, and a Mixture of harvested and nonharvested fields
would be more beneficial to grassland birds than totally harvesting
or partially harvesting all switchgrass fields.
© Thomson ISI
246. Small mammal populations occurring in a
diversified winter wheat cropping system.
Olson RA and Brewer MJ
Agriculture, Ecosystems and
Environment
95 (1): 311-319; 33 ref.
(2003)
NAL Call #:
S601 .A34
This citation is provided courtesy
of CAB International/CABI Publishing.
247. Spring burning: Resulting avian abundance
and nesting in Kansas CRP.
Robel, R. J.; Hughes, J. P.; Hull,
S. D.; Kemp, K. E.; and Klute, D. S.
Journal of Range
Management 51 (2):
132-138. (Mar. 1998)
NAL Call #:
60.18-J82; ISSN: 0022-409X [JRMGAQ]
Descriptors:
fire ecology/ prescribed burning/
brush control/ wild birds/ nests/ Kansas
Abstract: Spring burning is used to control
invasion by woody vegetation of rangelands in eastern Kansas and
also of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields planted to native
grasses. We measured the effects of spring burning of CRP fields on
vegetation structure and avian populations in northeastern Kansas
during the summers of 1992 through 1995. Several vegetation
characteristics differed between burned and unburned CRP fields in
May, but few differed in July. Mean avian abundance on burned CRP
fields was 5.6 birds km-1 of survey transect, significantly less (P
< 0.01) than the 8.6 km-1 on unburned fields. The
avian-assemblages on burned and unburned fields differed more in
May/June [Morisita's Index to Similarity (MIS) = 0.86] than in
June/July or July/August (MIS = 0.98 and 0.97, respectively). Avian
species richness ranged from 12 to 21 on burned fields and from 10
to 19 on unburned fields. A total of 27 nests was found on burned
fields, significantly less (P < 0.01) than the 372 found on
unburned fields. The 22.2% nesting success on burned fields was not
significantly different (P = 0.205) than the 34.1% success on
unburned fields. Spring burning reduced bird-nest numbers in the
summer of the same year, but did not reduce significantly (P =
0.235) the number of nests found in those fields the following
summers nor the abundance of birds or nesting success. Avoidance of
annual burning would reduce adverse impacts on bird populations
relying on CRP fields for nesting habitat.
This citation is from
AGRICOLA.
248. Status and management of the greater
prairie-chicken Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus in North
America.
Svedarsky, W. D.; Westemeier, R.
L.; Robel, R. J.; Gough, S.; and Toepher, J. E.
Wildlife Biology
6 (4): 277-284. (Dec.
2000);
ISSN: 0909-6396
Descriptors:
Management/ Biogeography/
Grasslands/ Conservation/ North America/ Tympanuchus cupido
pinnatus/ Management
Abstract: Greater prairie-chickens Tympanuchus
cupido pinnatus are grouse of the tallgrass prairie of North
America. Their range expanded greatly following the spread of early
European agriculture into the grasslands and logging in forested
areas. When the optimum mix of cropland and grass was exceeded,
their range generally contracted to the regions where climatic
and/or soil factors favoured the retention of grassland.
Historically they probably occurred in 20 states of the United
States and four Canadian provinces, but presently they only occur
in 11 states and no longer in Canada. Their current status
throughout the range varies considerably depending on habitat
conditions, population levels, management capabilities and local
land-use economic factors. A variety of conservation efforts,
including translocation, are underway in the states where they
occur, the intensity of which is generally inverse to numbers
remaining. Noteworthy, is the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
which has increased grassland cover on private land through
incentive payments.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
249. Strategies for biodiversity
protection.
Bean, Michael J.
In: Precious heritage: The status
of biodiversity in the United States/ Stein, Bruce A.; Kutner, Lynn
S.;
and Adams, Jonathan S.
New York: Oxford, 2000; pp.
255-273
Descriptors:
Wetlands Reserve Program/
biodiversity protection/ conservation interests/ conservation land
acquisition/ land trusts/ land use/ water use/ wildlife refuges/
Animals/ Plants/ animal (Animalia)/ plant (Plantae)
© Thomson
250. Structural characteristics of vegetation
in CRP fields in Northern Missouri and their suitability as
bobwhite habitat.
Burger, Loren W.; Kurzejeski, E.;
Dailey, Thomas V.; and Ryan, Mark R.
North American Wildlife and
Natural Resources Conference, Transactions 55: 74-83. (1990);
ISSN: 0078-1355.
Notes: WR 222
Descriptors:
Galliformes/ Odontophoridae/
Colinus virginianus/ Conservation Reserve Program/ habitat
classification/ habitat surveys/ management/ wildlife/ bobwhite/
cultivated farmland/ habitat/ vegetation/ conservation programs/
cover/ habitat management for wildlife/ land, private/
agriculture/ North America/ United States/
Missouri
This citation is provided courtesy
of NISC, publisher of Wildlife & Ecology Studies
Worldwide.
251. Success of artificial nests in CRP fields,
native vegetation, and field borders in southwestern
Montana.
Clawson, M. R. and Rotella, J.
J.
Journal of Field
Ornithology 69 (2): 180-191.
(1998)
NAL Call #:
413.8 B534; ISSN: 0273-8570
Descriptors:
Nests/ Survival/ Site selection/
Environment management/ Grasslands/ United States, Montana/ Aves/
Birds/ Management/ Birds
Abstract: In 1993-1994, we used artificial nests to
study relationships between nest success and various spatial,
temporal, and vegetation variables in three grassland types:
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields, field borders and
watercourses, and native vegetation. Nest success was higher and
vegetation was structurally more complex in CRP fields than in
other grassland types. Nest success was 63% in CRP fields but only
24% in native vegetation. Results of univariate and multivariate
analyses indicated that nests surrounded by taller, thicker cover
were more likely to survive than nests with less concealing
vegetation. Nests initiated later in the season, when vegetation
volume was greater, survived at higher rates than nests initiated
earlier. Spatial variables were not strongly related to nest
success. Field size was directly related to nest success in CRP
fields but not in other grassland types. However, field size not
included in the most parsimonious, multivariate model of factors
related to nest success in CRP fields. Similarly, proximity to
field borders was not related to nest success in any grassland
type. Our results suggest that CRP fields, which cover a large area
in the Northern Great Plains and attract a greater diversity of
grassland birds than the cropfields they replaced, provide secure
nesting cover for ground-nesting species.
© Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
(CSA)
252. Summer avian abundance, invertebrate
biomass, and forbs in Kansas CRP.
Hull, Scott D; Robel, Robert J;
and Kemp, Kenneth E
Prairie Naturalist
28 (1): 1-12. ( 1996)
NAL Call #:
QH540 .P7; ISSN: 0091-0376
Descriptors:
invertebrate biomass/ Kansas
Conservation Reserve Program/ species abundance/ species richness/
terrestrial ecology/ bird (Aves Unspecified)/ Aves (Aves
Unspecified)/ animals/ birds/ chordates/ nonhuman vertebrates/
vertebrates
Abstract: Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields
planted to native grasses have the potential to provide summer
habitat for grassland bird populations in the Great Plains. Forbs
in native grasslands are thought to increase the suitability of
grasslands for birds. We measured invertebrate biomass (summer food
for birds) and avian abundance in Kansas CRP fields planted to
native grasses to determine if they were correlated with forb
abundance in those fields. Sweep nets were used to collect
invertebrate samples and avian abundance was estimated along line
transects in six CRP fields from May through August 1992.
Correlation analysis did not detect a statistically significant
relationship between forb abundance and invertebrate biomass or
avian abundance, or between avian abundance and invertebrate
biomass. Avian species richness did not vary with forb abundance
and the avian community assemblages on CRP