1 15 1 https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/fbfeb67203d0816524daedb787415f55.pdf 335ebd7c43a4d1e3018023c37c8e75e0 PDF Text Text °2546 Item ID Number D Erickson, L.C. Corporate Author RepOrt/ArtldO Tltte Herbicides (How Poisonous Are They?) Journal/Book Title Year 1967 Month/Day September Color D Number of Images 4 Doscrlpton Notes Thursday, November 01, 2001 Page 2546 of 3007 �NUMBER 58 CUEEBNT INFORMATION SEEIES SEPTEMBER 1967 1 33 --. HERBICIDES u > (How poisonous are they?) L C. Erickson R. E. Higgins C. I. Seely Agronomist" Extension Agronomist Agronomist The answer is always a relative one — "Compared to what?" Most herbicides are relatively non-toxic to man. A few, however, are quite poisonous. All must be handled with utmost care. Note that "caution with" — and "fear of" are not equivalent statements. Almost every imaginable substance can be poisonous and American agriculture uses millions of pounds of herbicides annually. America also produces the purest, highest quality food on earth. To obtain information on toxicity, the herbicides are tested on various animals: mice, rats, etc. Few have been tested on humans. Therefore, the toxicity ratings given hereafter are the known effects on animals and it is probable that the herbicide will produce similar effects on man. Certain individuals may be allergic to a bland chemical or its carrier whereas other individuals may be resistant to some of the more toxic substances. It should be mentioned that the LD-50 values (lethal to 50% of the animals tested) are for a single dosage. Repeated treatments over long periods may give different results. Any herbicide ingested in sufficient quantities can cause ill effects. Some are readily absorbed through the skin, others affect the eyes, and some produce disagreeable results when inhaled. When using any herbicide always: 1. Read the entire label carefully. Be sure to study and follow the precautions on the label. 2. Avoid spilling the material on your skin or clothing. It is best to wear rubber footwear, long sleeves, rubber gloves and other designated protective clothing. In case of spillage, wash the contacted areas immediately with soap and water. 3. Do not smoke while using chemicals. 4. After using chemicals, change clothes and wash thoroughly. This is especially important if the chemical has been spilled on clothing or skin. The following table gives the common name and one or more trade names of about 100 herbicides that have extensive to minor usage in this state. Numerical toxicity rating is based on a modification of the classification of pesticides in the Agricultural Extension Service Agricultural Experiment Station College of Agriculture University of Idaho Introduction �Toxicity Response of Small Animals of Indicated Herbicide Dosages Common Name or Designation LD-50 Mg./KB. Some Common Trade Names Amitrole-T Aromatic solvents Aspirin Atrazine Aqualin Ametryn Ammate Amiben, Vegiben Amino Triazole Weedazol Amitrol-T, Cytrol Various brands (For Comparison) Atrazine Bandane Barban Benefin Bensulide Bo rate Bromacil Bromoxynil Bandane Carbyne Balan Betasan, Pre-San Borax, Borascue Hyvar X Buctril, Brominil Cacodylic acid Calcium arsenate Calcium cyanamide CDAA CDEC Chloroxuron CIPC CMA Copper sulfate Cypromid Ansar560,120 Various brands Aero-Cyanamide Randox Vegadex Tenoran Chloro-IPC Super-Dal-E-Rad Various brands Clobber Dalapon — DCPA Diallate Dicamba Dichlobenil Dichlone Dowpon Daxtron Dacthal Avadex Banvel D Casoron Phygon Diphenamid Diquat Dymid, Enide Diquat 2,200 Diuron DMPA DMTT DNBP DNBP (amine) DSMA Karmex Zytron Mylone Sinox, Dow General Premerge, Sinox PE Sodar, Ansar, AAethar 3,400 1,000 Acrolein Ametryn AMS Amiben Amitrole Ingested Dermal Toxicity Response Rating* Rating** 4 6 2 5 5 — 5 4-5 3 4 4 — — — 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 4 46 2 1,110 4 1,600 3,500 15,000 4 5,000 — 750 3,080 540 1,350 10,000 770 2,500 5,200 260 1,000 35 1,400 700 850 2,700 5,000 440 300 900 9,300 80-100 3,000 395 1,040 2,460 1,380 400 500 30 40 600 4 2 4 4 4 4 5 3 3 4 5 4 — 2 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 3 4 5 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 1 1 3 * The toxlcity ratings in the table have the following relative meanings when taken internally: Class Toxicity LD 50 activity rating (Mg./Ke.) Extremely toxic less than 5 1 Very toxic 5 to 49 2 Moderately toxie 50 to 499 3 Slightly toxic 500 to 4,999 4 5 6 Almost Nontoxic Nontoxic 5,000 to 14,999 15,000 and above ** Dermal response ratings have the following relative meanings: 1 Absorbed and poisonous 2 Causes burns and blisters 3. Moderately Irritating 4. Mildly Irritating 5. Nonirritating •«» May not be sole or primarily manufacturer(s). 3 4 4 5 — 5 5 — Mfg. Company*** Shell Geigy DuPont Amchem American Cyanamid Amchem Geigy Velsicol Gulf Lilly Stauffer U.S. Borax DuPont Amchem Chipman Ansul Chipman, etc. Am. Cyanamid Monsanto Monsanto C.I.B.A. PPG Ansul Gulf Dow Dow Dia. Alkali Monsanto Velsicol T. Hayward Naugatuck-div. U.S. Rubber Elanco Chevron Ortho Div. DuPont Dow U. Carbide Dow-Niagra Dow-Niagra Ansul-Niagra Probable lethal dose for 150-lb. man A taste (less than 1 drops) 7 drops to 1 teaspoonful 1 teaspoon to 1 ounce 1 ounce to 1 pint (1 pound) 1 pint to 1 quart more than 1 quart �Toxicity Response of Small Animals to Indicated Herbicide Dosages Common Name or Designation Some Common Trade Namei LD-50 Mfl./K9. Ingetled Dermal Toxicity Response Rating* Rating** Endothal EPIC Erbon Endothal, Aquathol Eptam Baron, Novon 35 1,630 1,000 2 3 4 4 4 3 Fenac Fenuron Fenuron + TCA Fluometuron Fenac Dybar Urab Cotoran 3,000 6,400 4,000 8,900 4 5 4 5 _ _ 4 — 5 Mfg. Company** Pennsalt Stauffer Dow Amchem DuPont CIBA Gasoline GPS 1393 Various brands Ramrod 1,200 3 4 _ 1 Monsanto HCA (hexachloroacetone) HCA Weed Killer 1,290 4 — Allied Gen. Div. loxynil IPC Isocil Bentrol Propham Hyvar 305 3,000 3,250 3 4 4 __ — — Amchem PPG DuPont Kerosene KOCN Various brands Various brands — 85 2-3 3 — 5 Am. Cyanamid Linuron Lorox 1,500 5 — DuPont MAMA MCPB MCPA MCPP Methyl bromide Metobromuron MH (a mine) Ansar, Methar Various brands Various brands Mecoprop, Mecopex Various brands Patoran MH-30 4 720 — — 700 4 4 650 1 7 ppm (air) 2 2,700 4 2,340 4 — — 4 — 2 5 5 Ansul, etc. Chipman Monuron Monuron -f- TCA MSMA Telvar Urox-Various Weed-E-Rad, Ansar 3,500 2,300 700 4 4 4 4 — — Norea NPA Herban Alanap (Na. salt) 2,500 1,770 4 4 5 5 Hercules Naugatuck-div. U.S. Rubber Paraquat PBA PCP (Na. salt) Pebulate Petroleum solvents Picloram PMA Prometone Prometryne Propanil Propazine Pyrazon (PCA) Paraquat Benzac, Zobar Weedbeads Tillam Various brands Tordon PMAS, TAT-C-Lect Prometone Caparol Stam F-34, Rogue Propazine Pyramin 157 700 210 1,120 — 8,200 40 2,980 3,750 1,384 5,000 3,600 3 4 3 4 4 5 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 — 1 4 1 4 2 5 5 5 5 — Chevron Amchem Monsanto, etc. Stauffer Dow Cleary Corp. Geigy Geigy Rohm-Haas Geigy Amchem Sesone Siduron Silvex Simazine SMDC Sodium arsenite Sodium Chlorate Sesone Tupersan Kuron, Weedone-TP Simazine Vapam Atlas A Atlacide 1,000 2,500 500 5,000 285 10 850 4 5 4 4 3 2 4 4 5 4 5 3 1,2 4 Un. Carbide DuPont Dow, etc. Geigy Stauffer Allied Chipman-etc. Table salt (NaCI) TCA (For comparison) Various brands 3,320 3,370 4 4 5 2 Chipman Dow, etc. CIBA Naugatuck-div. U.S. Rubber DuPont Ansul Dow, etc. �Toxieity Response of Small Animals to Indicated Herbicide Dosages Some Common Trade Names Common Name or Designation Terbacil Triallate Trifluralin 2, 3, 6-TBA 2,4-D 2, 4-DB Sinbar Avadex BW Treflan Trysben, Benzac Various brands Butyrac, Butoxone 2, 4-DEP 2, 4, 5-T Falone Various brands Vernolate Vernam Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act; from "Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products" by Gleason, M.N., Gosselin, R. E., and Hodge, H. D. Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, Md., 1963; from 1966 Pesticide Manual, North Carolina State University; and from data supplied by numerous basic product manufacturers. Discussion Before any herbicide can be marketed, it's toxicity to animals must be registered with the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, and its usefulness as an herbicide must be established with the U. S. Department of Agriculture. These dual regulations place very strict requirements on the development, federal registration, and labeling of all herbicides. These rigid regulations are undoubtedly responsible, in part, for the extremely low number of known cases of herbicide poisoning. However, accidents do happen and severe errors have been made. The major difficulties have been: 1. failure to read the label. 2. availability to small children. 3. carelessness in handling, leaving containers open, not destroying old containers. Federal regulations also extend to limiting the quantity of any herbicide that can remain as a residue in any treated crop. ID-50 Mg./Kg. Ingested Dermal Toxieity Response Rating* Rating** 500 500 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 — 850 300 4 3 4 4 1,780 4 Mfg. Company*** 4 7,500 1,340 3,700 1,644 5 3 DuPont Monsanto Elanco DuPont, etc. Chipman Amchem Naugatuck Stauffer Poison Control Centers Pocatello—Poison Control Center, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State College 233-2160 Ext. 254 — Night — 233-5587, 233-2638, 233-7204, John V. Bergen, Ph.D. Spokane, Poison Information Center Deaconess Hosp., W. 800 5th Ave., Riverside 7-4811, A. Greer, M.D., E. Erickson, R.N. Food inspection for pesticide residues is constantly in progress and several shipments with residues in excess of tolerance have been seized and destroyed. To assure the highest quality of food, inspection and detection services are provided by both Federal personnel and by our Idaho State Department of Agriculture. The ultimate question is, what influence have herbicides and other pesticides had on public health? Recently Drs. R. C. Teal, M. D., and C. H. Hine, M. D., Ph.D., representing the California Medical Association testified as follows: 1. "There has been no increase in morbidity (proportion of diseased persons) due to the ingestion of agricultural chemicals." 2. "Surveys show—the total public health has improved by the use of pesticides." 3. "Pesticides constitute only a moderate health hazard." 4. "Accidental ingestion by children and adults is due to careless handling. Therefore, more educational efforts are desirable." PUBLISHED AND DISTRIBUTED IN FURTHERANCE OP THE ACTS OF MAY 8 AND JUNE 30, 1914, BY THE UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE, JAMES E. KRAUS, DIRECTOR; AND THE U.S. DEPARTMENT or AGRICULTURE, COOPERATING. P.O. 1892—3M-9-67 JAMES E. KRAUS, Director � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 098 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2546 Series The series number of the original item. Series V Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Erickson, L.C. R.E. Higgins C.I. Seely Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-09-01 Title A name given to the resource Herbicides (How Poisonous Are They?)