1 15 2 https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/5fbf28c89718df20cc1df4738e0ee879.pdf e9f0342ff50e644417e9534b83dd464d PDF Text Text Item D Number °3009 Author Hamme, Nevin A. CorOOratB Author Assessments Branch, Nonexplosive Munitions Division, Report/Article TitlB A Ra D ^t Scanned P'd Method for Arsenic Analysis of Soil and Water by Atomic Absorption Journal/Book Title Year 197 Month/Day October Color Number of Images ° D 22 Descriptor! Notes Tuesday, November 13, 2001 Pa 9e 3009 of 3112 �AFATL-TR-70-107 A RAPID METHOD FOR ARSENIC ANALYSIS OF SOIL AND WATER BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION ASSESSMENTS BRANCH NONEXPLOSIVE MUNITIONS DIVISION T E C H N I C A L REPORT AFATL-TR-70-107 OCTOBER 1970 Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. AIR FORCE ARMAMENT LABORATORY AIR FORCE SYSTIMS COMMAND • UNITED STATES AIR FORCE EGLIN AIR FORCE BASE, FLORIDA �A Rapid Method for Arsenic Analysis of Soil and Water by Atomic Absorption Nevin A, Ham me A l v i n L. Y o u n g , Capt, USAF J o h n H. H u n t e r , C a p t , U S A F Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. �FOREWORD The active Air Force project directly related to the information discussed in this report is Exploratory Development Project 5066. Further information or comments on any portion of this report may be referred to (DLNA), Eglin Air Force Base, Florida 32542. The statistical analyses performed by Booz-Allen Applied Research are gratefully acknowledged. This report has been reviewed and is approved. E. HICKS, Colonel, USAF Chief, Nonexplosive Munitions Division 11 �ABSTRACT One of the major herbicides used in military programs is dimethylarsinic acid (cacodylic acid). Its use in conjunction with an Air Force program of testing aerial spray equipment necessitated a rapid and accurate technique for the determination of arsenic in soil and water at concentrations of approximately one part per million. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer appeared to f u l f i l l the instrumentation requirement. Ten-gram soil samples were placed in 250-milliliter Erlenmeyer flasks and extracted with 20 milliliters of extracting solution (0.10N hydrochloric acid (HC1) and 0.05N sulfuric acid (H 2 S0 4 ) , and 0.10 grams carbon b l a c k ) . The samples were mechanically shaken for five minutes and filtered. It was found that up to 9 3 . 4 percent of the arsenic could be recovered from soils to which known amounts of organic arsenic were added. Water samples were analyzed. By concentrating the samples by a factor of 10 or more, arsenic could be determined down to 0 . 0 5 part per million. Comparison of standards made from inorganic arsenic dissolved in dilute nitric acid with standards prepared from cacodylic acid and with sodium cacodylate-cacodylic acid showed excellent correlation in the range from 0.5 to 40 parts per million. The atomic absorption technique did not differentiate between organic and inorganic arsenic. Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. iii (The reverse of this page is blank] �TABLE OF CONTENTS Section I. II. Title INTRODUCTION 1 TEST PROCEDURES 3 PREPARATION OF SOIL SAMPLES PREPARATION OF WATER SAMPLES CHEMICAL STANDARDS AND OPERATING CONDITIONS III. Page 3 3 3 TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSION, ASSESSMENT OF METHOD INTERFERENCES WITH ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE 5 10 �LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 2 Title A Typical Standard Curve for Arsenic Page Determining Comparison of Arsenic Recovered Versus Original Arsenic Added as Blue 1 7 LIST OF TABLES Table I. II. III. IV. Title Page Formulation Description of the Military Herbicide Blue (Phytar 560 G) 1 Comparison of Arsenic Added (as Cacodylic Acid) to Water Samples Versus Arsenic Detected by Atomic Absorption Analysis 8 A Comparison of Peak Heights of Standard Arsenic Solutions Prepared From Arsenic Trioxide, Cacodylic Acid, and Blue 9 Comparison of Peak Heights of Salt Solutions With Arsenic Concentrations VI 10 �SECTION I INTRODUCTION For many years, compounds containing arsenic have been used extensively as insecticides, herbicides, soil sterilants, and silvicides. Initially, the inorganic forms of arsenic predominated, with such compounds as lead arsenate, calcium arsenate, and Paris green being used effectively against insects, while arsenic trioxide, sodium arsenite, and sodium arsenate were effective in weed control programs. More recently, organic forms of arsenic have been accepted because of their effectiveness as desiccants and also as herbicides in cotton, orchards, and turf. One of the major defoliants used by the military is agent Blue, an organic arsenical containing dimethylarsinic acid (cacodylic acid). Despite the widespread use of the different arsenicals, the fate of arsenic in soil is not well known because it is a difficult element to qualitatively and quantitatively identify. A technique for the rapid extraction and quantitation of arsenic in soil would be of value. In this research, arsenic levels were quantitatively determined in soil and water after spraying with agent Blue (Table I); and the reliability of the extraction procedures was evaluated. A fast, relatively TABLE I. FORMULATION DESCRIPTION OF THE MILITARY HERBICIDE BLUE (PHYTAR 560 G) Constituent Percent Cacodylic Acid 4.7 Sodium Cacodylate 26.4 Surfactant 3.4 Sodium Chloride 5.5 Water 59.5 0.5 Antifoam Total Organic Arsenic 15.4 accurate method for determining arsenic levels as low as one ppm from agent Blue was required. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer, which is capable of reading arsenic at a wavelength of 1937 angstroms, appeared to fulfill the instrumentation requirement. 1 �In previous experiments, arsenic in organic arsenates at the technical and formulation level has been determined by a fusion procedure (!) in which the arsonate was decomposed to pentavalent arsenic from a potassium bromate-nitric acid solution; further study was suggested using this method. Another method determined the arsenic residues in tomato plants and soil samples by activation analysis'- 2 ) and is sensitive to 0.2 ppm arsenic in less than gram quantities of material; however, the equipment required is quite expensive and is not available in many laboratories. The Gutzeit method*- J and the colorimetric method^) require special apparatus and involve hazardous extraction procedures; also, certain naturally occurring compounds interfere. A dry ashing method has been used in analyzing poultry tissue*-^ , and the arsenic was determined colorimetrically. A nitrogen (entrained air) - hydrogen flame has been used for atomic absorption analysis("J of arsenic, and another method uses oxyacetylene flames^'J . Numerous other techniques and methods of analysis for arsenic have been reported ( y t o 13). the majority make use of atomic absorption spectrometry. The basic principle of atomic absorption was established in 1860 by Kirchoff^^) _ it was no t un til 1955, however, that Walshd^) foresaw the analytical potentialities of atomic absorption, and he is credited with the theoretical background of most of the work in this field. Atomic absorption, like other spectrophotometric methods, is a comparison method of analysis. Determinations are made by comparing samples with three or more standards having the same concentration range. The concentration of the element of interest in a sample is determined by measuring the absorption of radiation in atomic vapor produced from the sample at a wave-length that is specific and characteristic of the element. In operation, a hollow cathode light beam is passed through a flame. Samples are aspirated into the flame, where molecules are dissociated into atomic form. While in the flame, most atoms remain in the ground, or neutral, state and, therefore, are capable of absorbing the hollow cathode radiation, only atoms of the element of interest absorb, and the amount of radiation absorbed is proportional to the concentration of the element of interest in the sample. After passing through the flame, the hollow cathode beam passes into a spectrophotometer to be measured; a permanent record of the measurement can be provided by an attached recorder. �SECTION II TEST PROCEDURES 1. PREPARATION OF SOIL SAMPLES Soil samples were prepared with known concentrations of Blue (pentavalent arsenic as cacodylic acid and sodium cacodylate). The soil was Gulf Coast Flatland having a pH of 5.0 to 5.5 and consisting of 93.9percent sand, 3.7-percent silt, 2.4-percent clay, and 0.3-percent organic matter. Blue was applied as a liquid in 50 milliliters of water (plus a 25-milliliter rinse) with a hand atomizer at rates of 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 35, and 40 ppm arsenic. Each of the treated soils was uniformly mixed, and after one week, two lo-gram samples were taken. The 10-gram soil samples were placed in 250-milliliter Erlenmeyer flasks with 20 milliliters of extracting solution consisting of 2.4 milliliters of concentrated H 2 S04 (reagent grade); 14.6 milliliters of concentrated HC1 (reagent grade); 18 grams of carbon (decolorizing neutral); and 1.790 milliliters of distilled water. The solutions were shaken for five minutes on a reciprocating shaker set at 175 excursions per minute, filtered through Whatman No. 1 filter paper (11.0 centimeters) and then aspirated in duplicate in the atomic absorption instrument. 2. PREPARATION OF WATER SAMPLES To evaluate the accuracy of analyzing water samples for low amounts of arsenic, standard samples were prepared and concentrated from 100 milliliters to 5 milliliters. One drop of concentrated nitric acid (reagent grade) was added to 100 milliliters of each of ten samples (in duplicate) containing 0, 0.01, 0 . 0 2 , 0 . 0 3 , 0 . 0 4 , 0 . 0 5 , 0.10, 0 . 2 0 , 0 . 5 0 , and 1.00 ppm arsenic as cacodylic acid. The samples were then evaporated to slightly less than 5 mill'iliters, and one drop of an acid mixture (73 milliliters HC1, 12 milliliters H 2 S0 4 and 15 milliliters distilled water) was added to make the solution approximately 0.05N HC1 and 0 . 2 5 N ^304. All samples were diluted to 5 milliliters. Samples and standards were aspirated in the atomic absorption instrument. A working calibration curve (or standard curve) was prepared in which peak height was plotted against arsenic concentration. The concentration of arsenic in the soil and water samples was determined by comparing the peak heights to the standard curve. 3. CHEMICAL STANDARDS AND OPERATING CONDITIONS Inorganic arsenic standards were prepared in 100-milliliter volumetric flasks from a 1000-ppm arsenic atomic absorption standard by making a 100-ppm arsenic standard and then taking various aliquots from this and �diluting to 100 milliliters with distilled water. Ten standards were prepared, ranging from 0.5 to 100 ppm inorganic arsenic. Other standards were prepared by diluting 6.4935 grams of Blue to 1000 milliliters with distilled water, and then, ten different concentrations were made by taking aliquots and diluting to 100 milliliters in volumetric flasks. Standards containing only cacodylic acid were prepared from a solution containing 1.8422 grams of cacodylic acid (purified grade) in 1000 milliliters of distilled water. The atomic absorption instrument was operated under the following conditions: wavelength setting, 1937 angstroms; lamp (JA45315) current; 15 milliamperes; burner, tri-flame type; fuel, hydrogen at 13 SCFH; oxidant, compressed air at 19 SCFH; monochromator with entrance slit of 100 microns and exit slit of 150 microns. The unit was operated in conjunction with a chart recorder at a range of 0 to 10 millivolts. �SECTION III TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. ASSESSMENT OF METHOD The dilute-acid, cold-extraction technique and subsequent analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry has been found to be a rapid, reliable method for determining arsenic in a Gulf Coast Flatland soil. Extractable arsenic from the organic arsenicals (cacodylic acid and sodium cacodylate) and from inorganic arsenicals can be determined. However, this technique does not differentiate between an organic arsenic ( e . g . , cacodylic acid) and an inorganic form, or arsenic ( e . g . , arsenic trioxide). A typical standard curve for the determination of arsenic is shown in Figure 1. This curve was obtained by analysis of inorganic arsenic standard with the range shown for four determinations. The peak height (in centimeters) for each concentration of arsenic was obtained from the chart recorder attached to the instrument. From a previous study (unpublished data) on the linear calibration of the atomic absorption spectrophotometer, it was found that peak height readings were preferable to peak area readings because: (1) the necessary relationship between height and level of arsenic was present without quadratic influences, and (2) the confidence intervals computed for peak height versus each amount of arsenic were one-third the width of the intervals computed for the peak area readings. In describing their relationship, an equation for predicting the concentration of arsenic can be obtained, given peak height. The equation for the data in Figure 1 is: * Y = -0.045 + 0.481 X Where Y is the peak height in centimeters, and X is the concentration of arsenic in parts per million For this equation, a correlation coefficient of 0.999 was found. Because of the variability inherent in the instrument, in fuel-oxidant parameters, and in the extraction technique, it is necessary that standard curves be prepared for each new series of analysis and for each soil type. From soil samples with known amounts of arsenic (as Blue) added in the laboratory, it was possible to recover an average of 9 3 . 4 percent of the arsenic. Figure 2 shows the comparison of arsenic recovered versus original arsenic added to the Gulf Coast Flatland soil. The data represents four determinations. The 95-percent confidence intervals from these determinations illustrated the importance of limiting the effective �1235 10 20 40 ARSENIC (ppm) Figure 1. A typical standard curve for determining arsenic 6 �10 20 30 ORIGINAL ARSENIC ADDED (ppm) 40 Figure 2. Comparison of arsenic recovered versus original arsenic added as Blue �operating range to less than 20 ppm arsenic. The rapid expansion of the confidence limits resulted from the method by which the limits were computed and in the increasing size of the standard deviation as concentration of arsenic increased,' i . e . , as the concentration increases, the sensitivity of the instrument to differentiate concentrations greater than 20 ppm decreases. The lower detection limit for soil samples was 0.5 ppm arsenic. Soil samples which contain larger amounts of organic matter and/or clay particles would tend to bind the arsenic more tightly than would the Gulf Coast Flatland soil and low-percentage results would be obtained. Acid digestion may be required to free tightly bound arsenic. Table II illustrates the detection capability of atomic absorption for arsenic in water. By concentrating the water samples, the error attributable to procedure is increased. The more dilute the sample, the greater the need for concentrating the solution, and hence, the greater the error in detection. The acidic nature of the final solution influences the background reading of the instrument; thus, sensitivity of arsenic is limited to a concentration of 0 . 0 3 ppm as indicated by the 95-percent confidence limits in Table II. TABLE II. COMPARISON OF ARSENIC ADDED (AS CACODYLIC ACID) TO WATER SAMPLES VERSUS ARSENIC DETECTED BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION ANALYSIS Original Arsenic Concentration 3 , ppm Arsenic Detected 13 , ppm 95-Percent Confidence Limits Lower Upper 0.00 0.023 0.032 0.01 0.029 0.024 0.034 0.02 0.030 0.025 0.034 0.03 0.036 0.031 0.042 0.04 0.046 0.040 0.052 0.05 0.055 0.048 0.062 0.10 0.100 0.090 0.110 0.20 0.189 0.172 0.208 0.50 0.496 0.451 0.558 1.00 a 0.027 0.972 0.867 1.095 Saraples were concentrated to l/20th of the original volume. Four determinations per concentration. �Table III is a comparison by atomic absorption analysis of three different arsenic formulations in water. No differences could be detected in the response of the instrument (and/or methodology) to arsenic trioxide, cacodylic acid, or Blue. The organic arsenic solutions gave peak heights which correlated with those of the inorganic arsenic standards . TABLE III. A COMPARISON OF PEAK iiEIGITS OF STANDARD ARSENIC SOLUTIONS PREPARED FROM ARSENIC TRIOXIDE, CACODYLIC ACID, AND BLUE Arsenic Concentration ppn Average Peak Heights 3 , centimeters Arsenic Blue Cacodylic Trioxide Acid 0.5 0.35 0.39 1.0 0.56 0.53 0.62 2.0 1.05 1.07 1.06 3.0 1.28 1.36 1.37 5.0 1.75 1.87 1.80 10.0 3.12 3.18 3.06 20.0 5.60 5.67 5.40 40.0 9.13 9.38 9.28 60.0 12.11 11.99 11.86 100.0 a 0.40 15.24 14.89 14.70 Average of two determinations . �2. INTERFERENCES WITH ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Various concentrations of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid were added to soil and water samples containing known amounts of arsenic to determine what effect the variations would have on the results. Up to three times the concentration of acid used in the analyses had no significant effect; however, above that amount (for low concentrations of arsenic), the results indicated a greater amount of arsenic than was actually present. For arsenic concentrations above 10 ppm, slightly larger amounts of acid could be added without serious errors. Concentrations of salt (sodium chloride) from 0.10 to 10.0 percent were prepared to determine their effect on arsenic analysis. The solutions were aspirated in the instrument, and the parameters used were the same as those used for analyzing arsenic. Results indicated that 0.5 percent, or more, salt had a significant effect on low-concentration arsenic samples (Table IV). It was not possible to concentrate salt water samples and obtain accurate analyses as the increased salt concentration would cause high results. TABLE IV. Salt Concentration, percent COMPARISON OF PEAK HEIGHTS OF SALT SOLUTIONS WITH ARSENIC CONCENTRATIONS Peak Height, centimeters 0.10 No noticeable effect 0.25 No noticeable Arsenic, ppm effect 0.50 0.38 0.5 1.00 0.45 0.7 2.50 0.72 1.3 5.00 0.93 1.8 10.00 1.33 2.5 10 �When Blue is used in testing and calibrating aerial spray equipment, a dye (methylene blue) is added to the solution. This dye interfered with the determination of arsenic. In order to remove the dye in samples analyzed, six drops of concentrated nitric acid were added to a 5 to 10 milliliter aliquot of Blue in a beaker. The samples were evaporated to 1 milliliter or less to insure disappearance by oxidation of the dye, then diluted to 5 milliliters or more depending on the amount of arsenic present. There was no longer any interference by the dye in samples treated as indicated. 11 �REFERENCES 1. Carey, W. F. Determination of Arsenic in Organic Arsenates. Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, 51:1300-1301, 1968. 2-. Geisman, J. R. , W. E. Carey, W. A. Gould, and E. K. Alban. Distribution of Arsenic Residues by Activation Analysis. Journal of Food Science, 34:295-298, 1969. 3. Official and Tentative Methods of Analysis, 4th Edition. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Washington, D. C . , 1935. 4. Official and Tentative Methods of Analysis, 10th Edition. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Washington, D. C . , 1965. 5. Morrison, J. L., and G. M. George. Dry Ashing Method for the Determination of Total Arsenic in Poultry Tissues. Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, 52:930-932, 1969. 6. Ando, A . , Misuzuki, K. Fawa, and B. L. Vallee. Atomic Absorption of Arsenic in Nitrogen (Entrained Air)-Hydrogen Flames. Anal. Chem., 41:1973-1979, 1969. 7. Smith, K. E . , and C. W. Frank. Characterization of Arsenic by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in Oxyacetylene Flames. Applied Spectroscopy 22(6) , 1968. 8. Mulford, C. E . Solvent Extraction Techniques for Absorption Spectroscopy. Atomic Absorption Newsletter, 5:88-90, 1966. 9. Ives, N. F . , and L. Giuffrida. The Investigation of Thermionic Detector Response for the Gas Chromatography of P, N, As, and Cl Organic Compounds. Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, 50:1-4, 1967. 10. Kahn, H. L . , and J. E. Schallis. Improvement of Detection Limits for Arsenic, Selenium, and Other Elements with an Argon-Hydrogen Flame. Atomic Absorption Newsletter, 7(1) , 1968. 11. Wilkinson, R. E . , and W. S. Hardcastle. Plant and Soil Arsenic Analyses. Weed Science, 17:536-537, 1969. 12. Determination of Arsenic by Atomic Absorption. Jarrell-Ash Analytical Report 065636, Atomic Absorption Laboratory, 1966. 12 �REFERENCES (Concluded) 13. Fassel, V. A., and D. W. Golightly. Detection Limits of Elements in the Spectra of Premixed, Ox/acetylene Flames. Anal. Chem., 39(4): 466-76, 1967. 14. Slavin, W. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. New York, 1968. Interscience Publishers, 13 (The reverse of this page is blank) �DISTRIBUTION LIST AFSC (DLTW) OOAMA (MMECA) ARPA (TECH INFO) 2 5 1 DDRSE CCMEM TECH) (TECH LIB) DEF INTEL AGENCY (DIAPP-7E1) SAAMA (SPOT) AIR UNIVERSITY LIBRARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH GROUP WPNS DEV $ ENGR LABS F.NGR R$D LABS (TECH POC CTR) ABERDEEN PRV GO MH (TECH LIB) DESERET TEST CENTER (TECH LIB) USA CHEMICAL SCHOOL (AJMCL-A) USN WEAPONS LAB USN RESEARCH LAB (CODE 6140) USNWC (CODE 8514) ISN APPLIED SCI LAB (TECH LIB) USN TNG DEV CEN OAK RIDGE NATL LAB (LAB REC) 6570TH AMRL (HEF) DDC DL DLB DLN DLNA DLNM DLNP DLGI PPM DLOSL TAWC (DOD) TAWC (DTM) TSGGL WE DUGWAY PRV GD (TECH LIB) ASD (ENYS) OLD (CDCLNO) i 1 1 5 1 1 2 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 12 1 1 1 50 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 15 (The reverse of this page is blank) �UNCLASSIFIED Security C l a s s i f i c a t i o n DOCUMENT CONTROL DATA - R & D (Security classification of title, body of abstract and indexing annotation must be entered when the overall report is I . O R I G I N A T I N G A C T I V I T Y (Corporate author) classified) \Za. R E P O R T S E C U R I T Y C L A S S I F I C A T I O N Non-Explosive Munitions Division Air Force Armament Laboratory Eglin Air Force Base, Florida Unclassified 25. G R O U P 3. R E P O R T T I T L E A RAPID METHOD FOR ARSENIC ANALYSIS OF SOIL AND WATER BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION S C R I P T I V E N O T E S (Type of report and inclusive dates) Final Report 5 A U T H O R l S ) (First name, middle initial, last name) Nevin A. Hamme Alvin L. Young, Captain, USAF John H. Hunter. Captain. USAF 6 7a. T O T A L NO. OF P A G E S REPOR T O A TE October 1970 8a. C O N T R A C T OR G R A N T NO. b. P R O J E C T NO- 5066 76. NO. Of REFS 13 9fl. O R I G I N A T O R ' S REPORT NUMBER(S) AFATL-TR-70-107 9t>. O T H E R R E P O R T NO ( S ) (Any this report) other numbers that may be assigned 10. DISTRIBUTION S T A T E M E N T Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Available in DDC 13 I 2 . SPONSORING M I L I T A R Y A C T I V I T Y Air Force Armament Laboratory Air Force Systems Command Eglin Air Force Base, Florida ABSTRACT One of the major herbicides used in military programs is dimethylarsinic acid (cacodylic acid). Its use in conjunction with an Air Force program of testing aerial spray equipment necessitated a rapid and accurate technique for the determination of arsenic in soil and water at concentrations of approximately one part per m i l l i o n . The atomic absorption spectrophotometer appeared to fulfill the instrumentation requirement. Ten-gram soil samples were placed in 250milliliter Erlenmeyer flasks and extracted with 20 milliliters of extracting solution (0.10N hydrochloric acid (HC1), 0.05N sulfuric acid (H 2 S0 4 ) , and 0.10 grams carbon black). The samples were mechanically shaken for five minutes and filtered. It was found that up to 93.4 percent of the arsenic could be recovered from soils to which known amounts of organic arsenic were added. Water samples containing known amounts of organic arsenic in the range from 0 to 1.0 ppm were analyzed. By concentrating the samples by a factor of 10 or more, arsenic could be determined down to 0 . 0 5 part per million. Comparison of standards made from inorganic arsenic dissolved in dilute nitric acid with standards prepared from cacodylic acid and with sodium cacodylate-cacodylic acid showed excellent correlation in the range from 0.5 to 40 parts per million. The atomic absorption technique did not differentiate between organic and inorganic arsenic. DD UNCLASSIFIED Security C l a s s i f i c a t i o n �UNCLASSIFIED Security Classification 1 4. LINK A K EY LINK B WORDS RO L E W T ROLE WT Arsenic Detection Technique Herbicides Blue Herbicide Atomic Absorption Technique Spectrophotometry UNCLASSIFIED Security Classification LINK' C ROL E W T � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 108 Folder The folder containing the original item. 3009 Series The series number of the original item. Series V Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hamme, Nevin A. Alvin L. Young John H. Hunter Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>Assessments Branch, Nonexplosive Munitions Division, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-10-01 Title A name given to the resource A Rapid Method for Arsenic Analysis of Soil and Water by Atomic Absorption https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/10becb0eeedfec12a79b497d9006c401.pdf 8024c26371c1730e2bf649cc547dff08 PDF Text Text Item ID Number: Author Corporate Author ooosg Pate B D > Pyrotechnics Branch, Flame, Incendiary and Explosives Division, Air Force Armament Laboratory, Eglin AFB, Florida Report/Article Titlfl Animal Survey Studies of Test Area C-52A, Eglin AFB Reservation, Florida Journal/Book Title Year w* Month/Day A ril Color P 0 Number of Images 22 Descripton Notes Project NO. soee Friday, December 01, 2000 Page 89 of 91 �Pate, B.D., 1972 AFATL-TR-72-72 Animal Survey Studies of Test Area C-52A Eglin AFB Reservation, Florida ANIMAL SURVEY STUDIES OF TEST AREA C-52A EGLIN AFB RESERVATION, FLORIDA PYROTECHNICS BRANCH FLAME, INCENDIARY AND EXPLOSIVES DIVISION TECHNICAL REPORT AFATL-TR-72-72 APRIL 1972 Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 1 AIR FORCE ARMAMENT LABORATORY AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND • UNITED STATES AIR FORCI I6LIN AIR FORCE BASE, FLORIDA �Animal Survey Studies of Test Area C-52A Eglin AFB Reservation, Florida B. D. P a t e , C a p t a i n , USAF R. C. Voigt, SSgt., USAF P. J. Lehn, Sgt., U S A F John H. H u n t e r , C a p t a i n , U S A F Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. I �FOREWORD The USAF project directly related to the information in this report is Exploratory Development Project 5066, Aerial Dissemination Techniques, work unit number 004. This report documents specific studies performed between May and October 1970. The majority of this report was presented at the February 1972 meetings of the Weed Science Society of America in St Louis, Missouri. Information on the types and amounts of defoliants disseminated over Test Area C-52A was obtained from Armament Development and Test Center working papers "Defoliant History of Test Area C-52A" by Helen Biever, and from Vitro Services, Vitro Corporation of America. This technical report has been reviewed and is approved. FRANKLIN c. D A V i £ s c i c m e i , USAF Chief, Flame, Incendiary and Explosives Division 11 �ABSTRACT Between May and October 1970, an animal survey was conducted on a herbicide equipment test grid (Eglin Air Force Base Test Area C-52A) and the surrounding area. The purpose of the survey was to determine species variation and distribution patterns on the test grid and within the surrounding 11 square mile area. Methods of study included night and day field trips, and observations of the young of some animals were made in the field and in the laboratory. A trapping study was conducted to determine distribution patterns for the beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus). Eighty-six species of vertebrates (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish) were collected or observed in the field. Sixty-one species (mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians) were found off the grid area, and 57% of these were also observed on the one square mile grid. Those animals found only in the area off the grid included seven mammals, six birds, eight reptiles, five amphibians, and fourteen fish. Ten species (one bird, five reptiles, two amphibians and two fish) were observed only on the grid. The beach mouse and/or the six-lined racerunner (Cnemidophorus jsexlineatus) populations were considered to be ideal for future studies of population distribution. This study shows that a large number of animal species inhabited or frequented the herbicide equipment testing grid during a period when the grid received repetitive applications of the military herbicides White (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) and Blue (dimethylarsinic acid); and, after a period (January 1968 to December 1969) when the grid received repetitive applications of Orange (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid). In most cases, those differences that were found between species occurring on or off the grid could be accounted for on the basis of previously known habitat preferences. Approved for public release; distribution unlimited, 111 (The reverse of this page is blank) �TABLE OF CONTENTS Section I II III IV Page INTRODUCTION 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5 CONCLUSION 12 REFERENCES 13 v (The reverse of this page is blank) �SECTION I INTRODUCTION From June 1962 to October 1970, aerial spray equipment was tested on Test Area C-52A in support of the military defoliation program. Active military defoliants such as Purple, Orange, White, and Blue were used in the majority of tests in order to obtain a realistic evaluation of spray equipment. The active ingredients in these defoliants are 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) and dimethylarsinic acid (see Reference 1). Defoliants were repeatedly applied to 92 and 240 acre areas of the test area, resulting in some sections receiving approximately 947 pounds of active ingredient per acre (Ib ai/A) of 2,4-D or 2,4,5-T; 53 Ib ai/A of dimethylarsinic acid, and 8 Ib ai/A of picloram during one or two year periods. Between May 1970 and October 1970, a survey was conducted to determine the animal species composition of a one square mile test grid on Test Area C-52A, and the adjacent area included within a two mile radius of the center of the grid (Figure 1). The survey was initiated because of concern for the extent of ecological alterations that might occur in the test area as a result of the repetitive applications of military defoliants. The objective of the survey was to determine animal species variation and distribution patterns on the test grid and within the surrounding area. Test Area C-52A occupies about three square miles and is about 100 feet above sea level. The soils of the area are predominantly well drained, acid sands of the Lakeland Association with 0 to 5% slope. The area is a grassy plain dominated by switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and broomsedge bluestem (Andropogon virginicus). The surrounding forest (see range boundary in Figure 1) consists mainly of turkey oak (Quercus laevis), sand pine (Pinus clausa) and longleaf pine (P_. palustris) . Earlier ecological studies (References 2 to 7) conducted on Test Area C-52A were primarily concerned with the types and distribution of plant species growing in the area and the effects of defoliant application on these parameters. Fish species found in the streams draining the test area were identified during a study by Lehn et al (Reference 8) to determine whether the Blue missions on the grids caused an increase in the levels of arsenic in the streams. The results of the study showed no increase in the arsenic levels, and only one species of fish showed any quantitative change. During the eight years of testing spray equipment on Test Area C-52A, four grids were used to monitor the tests. Three 92 acre grids were used between June 1962 and April 1968. From May 1968 to October 1970, all tests were conducted on a one square mile grid which includes within its boundaries the area formerly occupied by two of the older grids. During the time of this animal survey, portions of the one-square-mile grid received approximately 43 �Ib ai/A of a combination of sodium cacodylate and dimethylarsinic acid (disseminated as Blue), 0.6 Ib ai/A of picloram and 2 Ib ai/A of 2,4-D (disseminated as White). The last Orange mission occurred in December 1969; portions of the one-square-mile grid had been sprayed in 1969 with about 139 Ib ai/A of a combination of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T disseminated as Orange. Aerial spray tests with the insecticide malathion were conducted on the onesquare-mile grid in August 1970, but the animal survey had essentially been completed prior to the insecticide testing. �0 2,000' 4000' 6.000' 8000' SAND TRAIL RANGE --_ C Figure 1. H O C T A W H A T C H E E BOUNDRY COUNTY RANGE 80UNDRY GATE B A Y Test Area C-52A and Surrounding Area on Eglin AFB Reservation (Area Within Circle was Surveyed) �SECTION II MATERIALS AND METHODS Methods of study included early morning, midday, and night field trips on the one-square-mile grid and within the surrounding 11 square miles (Figure 1). The collecting and identification were concerned with mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. In addition to the field trips planned specifically for the survey (30 trips), data were also collected when trips were made to the test area for other reasons. Many specimens collected were brought into the laboratory, preserved or mounted, and now serve as a reference collection to facilitate identification for subsequent studies. A large collection of 35mm slides of most of the animals was accumulated. In addition to the surveys of animal species, preliminary studies were conducted on the distribution of the beach mouse (Peromyscus pplionotus) on the test grid, and on the distribution of ant ...hi 11s in 50 square meter transects on the grid. For the beach mouse studies, 35 live animal traps were constructed and set at randomly selected sites on the one-square-mile grid. Traps were in one location for two weeks, and then were moved to a new location. Three trapping sessions were conducted on the test grid and three in separate areas off the grid. For the insect distribution study, a series of 16 randomly selected linear transects, 1 meter by 50 meters, were analyzed. The total number of ant hills in each 50 square meter area were counted, and the results were correlated with soil concentration of herbicide, the density of vegetation, and the relative soil moisture content within each transect. The relative concentration of herbicide residue in the grid soil had been determined by a plant bioassay (Reference 9). �SECTION III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Mammals that were observed on or off the grid are shown in Table I. A total of 17 mammals were observed off the grid with 10 of these also found on the grid. All of the animals sighted on the grid used the area for foraging or as a source of drinking water. The most important economic population in the area was the deer herd. Night field trips yielded average counts of from 24 to 36 deer on the grid and within the immediate area. Close inspection of aquatic areas on the grid during early morning field trips revealed extensive activity the previous nights. In addition to the d^er herd, a sizable herd of feral hogs earlier crossed with Russian Boars, also inhabited the area. The hogs frequented the marshy areas, drinking and rooting in the area for food. During the spring of 1970, a red fox was frequently observed close to the grid and its den was found approximately 100 yards from the edge of the grid. Five kits were found in the den and based upon gross observations, they appeared healthy and normal. The most common rodents off the grid along the streams that drain the area were the cotton mouse and the hispid cotton rat. In the fields surrounding the grid, the eastern harvest mouse was common. Eight pairs of the cotton mouse were taken into the laboratory and allowed to breed. Six of the pairs had litters which were normal in size and free from any apparent birth defects. The most common rodent species on the grid is the beach mouse. Trapping studies during the*- summer of 1970 showed that this species is widely distributed throughout the grid, except in areas with less than 5% vegetative cover. A similar habitat preference is exhibited in their normal range along the beaches of the Gulf Coast. At least 25 species of birds live in the area immediately adjacent to the grid or have been observed feeding within its boundaries. Many more species than those listed in Table II are found in the more densely forested areas near the outer limits of the two mile radius. Seven species of water birds and waders were sighted repeatedly in the aquatic areas on or off the grid. Nine species of seed and insect gatherers were also observed feeding on or near the grid and the most common were the meadow lark and the mourning dove. Birds of prey and scavengers were well represented due to the high rodent population and good visibility afforded by an open area. It seems significant that all birds sighted, with the single exception of a grasshopper sparrow (caught in a live animal trap) were medium to large species. A thorough survey by a trained ornithologist would probably reveal more small birds in the area. �TABLE I. MAMMALS FOUND ON THE ONE SQUARE MILE GRID AND AN ADJACENT 11 SQUARE MILE AREA SPECIES AND COMMON NAME AREA WHERE OBSERVED ON GRID 1. 2. Didelphis marsupialis - opossum 3. Geomys pinetis - southeastern pocket gopher 4. Lynx rufus - bobcat 5. Mephitis mephitis - striped skunk 6. Odocoileus virginianus - whitetail deer 7. Oryzomys paulustris - rice rat 8. Peromyscus gossypinus - cotton mouse 9. Peromyscus polionotus - beach mouse OFF GRID Dasypus novemcinctus - armadillo 10. Sciurus niger - eastern fox squirrel 14. Signodon hispidus - hispid cotton rat 15. Sus scrofa - wild pig 16. Sylvilagus floridanus - eastern cottontail rabbit 17. Vulpes fulva - red fox +* Sciurus carolinensis - eastern gray squirrel 13. +* Procyon lotor - raccoon 12. +* +* Reithrodontomys humulis - eastern harvest mouse 11. +* *Dominant species; sighted during 80% of the field trips. +* �TABLE II. BIRDS FOUND ON THE ONE SQUARE MILE GRID AND AN ADJACENT 11 SQUARE MILE GRID SPECIES AND COMMON NAME AREA WHERE OBSERVED ON GRID + OFF GRID + 1. Accip.titer struitus velox - sharp-shinned hawk 2. Agelauis phaneicius - red-wing blackbird 3. Ammodramus savahharum - grasshopper sparrow + + 4. Ardeola ibis - cattle egret + + 5. Botanurus lentiginosus - American bittern + + 6. Buteo jamaicensis - red-tailed hawk + 7. Buteo liniatus - red-shouldered hawk + 8. Butorides virescens virescens - eastern green heron 9. Caprimulgus vociferus - eastern whippoorwill + + + + + 11. Cathartes aura - turkey vulture + + 12. Chlordeiles minor - night hawk + + 13. Colinus virginianus - bobwhite quail + + 14. Coragyps atratus - black vulture + + 15. Corvus brachyrhynchus - American crow + + 10. 16. Casmerodius abbus egretta - American egret + Egretta caerulea - little blue heron 17. Elanoides forficatus forficatus - swallowtail kite + + + 18 . Falco sparvirius - sparrow hawk 19. Detinia mississippiensis - Mississippi kite + + 20. Sturnella magna - meadow lark +* + 21. Turdus migratorius - robin + + 22. Zenaidura macroura - mourning dove + + 23. Unidentified Duck + + 24. Unidentified Goose + + 25. Unidentified Grebe + + *Dominant species; sighted during 80% of field trips �Seventeen species of reptiles were collected or observed, with nine species recorded on the grid and twelve species from the surrounding area (Table III) . Differences in faunal species composition on and off the grid due to vegetation differences can best be illustrated with the reptiles. Those species that are adaptable and occupy a variety of niches were found both on and off the grid in large numbers. The dominant species on the grid was the six-lined racerunner, and it was also one of the dominant species in the wooded area surrounding the grid. Those species whose habitat is characterized by definite vegetative type cannot adapt to the open habitat of the grid. The green anole and southern fence lizard are two of these. There are also species which occur in the forest areas but are more plentiful in the open areas, such as the eastern coachwhip. TABLE III. REPTILES FOUND ON THE ONE SQUARE MILE GRID AND AN ADJACENT 11 SQUARE MILE AREA SPECIES AND COMMON NAME 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Agkistrodon piscivorus - eastern cottonmouth Alligator mississippiensis - American alligator Anolis carolinensis carolinensis - green anole Cnemidophorus sexlineatus - six- lined racerunner Coluber constrictor priapus - southern black racer Crotalus adamanteus - eastern diamondback rattlesnake Elphe guttata tuttata - corn snake Heterodon platyrhinos - eastern hognose Lampropeltis doliata doliata - scarlet kingsnake Lygosoma laterale - ground skink Masticophis flagellum flagellum - eastern coachwhip Natrix sipedon pictiventris - Florida water snake Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus - Florida pine snake Pseudemys scripta scripta - yellow-bellied turtle Sceloporus undulatus undulatus - southern fence lizard Sistrurus miliarius barbouri - dusky pigmy rattlesnake Sterothaerus minor minor - loggerhead musk turtle AREA WHERE OBSERVED ON GRID + +* + OFF GRID + + + +* + + + + + + + + + + + *Dominant species; observed during 80% of the field trips + + + �Ten species of amphibians were collected (Table IV). The amphibian population on the grid centered mainly around the aquatic areas with the exception of the two toad species, which were also found in the dry areas. There were four breeding populations throughout most of the year in the aquatic areas on the grid: the southern cricket frog, the southern toad, the barking tree frog, and the southern leopard frog. The slimy salamander is one of the dominant species in the surrounding forest but does not occur on the grid, presumably because of its need for sufficient moist ground cover. TABLE IV. AMPHIBIANS FOUND ON THE ONE SQUARE MILE GRID AND AN ADJACENT 11 SQUARE MILE AREA SPECIES AND COMMON NAME AREA WHERE OBSERVED ON GRID OFF GRID 1. Acris gryllus gryllus - southern cricket frog +* 2. Bufo quercicus - oak toad + 3. Bufo terrestris - southern toad +* 4. Eurycea bislineata cirrigera - southern two-lined salamander + Gastrophryne carolinensis - eastern narrowmouthed toad + 6. Hermidactylium sccutatum - four-toed salamander + 7. Hyla gratiosa - barking tree frog 8. Plethodon glutinosus glutinosus - slimy salamander + 9. Rana clamitans clamitans - bronze frog + 5. 10. Rana pipiens/sphenocephala - southern leopard frog *A breeding population +* +* +* +* +* �Seventeen species of fishes were collected, with three species occurring within the boundaries of the one-square-mile grid and.15 species from the surrounding streams (Table V). Habitat and spatial isolation seemed to be the major limiting factors on the grid. The lake chubsucker was abundant in one of the ponds on the grid but was not found in the three streams within the two mile radius; however, the species occurs several miles downstream in more sluggish waters. A large percentage of these data were collected as part of a larger fish study of the three streams (Reference 7). TABLE V. FISH SPECIES FOUND IN PONDS AND DRAINAGE AREAS OF THE ONE SQUARE MILE GRID AND IN BASIN, MULLET, AND TROUT CREEKS AREAS WHERE COLLECTED SPECIES AND COMMON NAME 1. Ambloplites rapestris - rock bass 2. Anguilla rostrata - American eel 3. ON GRID - - + BT + BT Aphredpderus sayanus - pirate perch Erimyzon sucetta - lake chubsucker OFF GRID +B +* Esox americanus - red-fin pickerel +B Esox niger - chain pickerel +B 7. Etheostoma edwini - brown darter + BT* 8. Gambusia affinis - mosquito fish + BMT* 9. Ichthyomyzon gagei - southern brook lamprey + BM 10. Ictalurus natalis - yellow bullhead 11. Lepomis punctatus - spotted sunfish 12. Micropterus punctulatus - spotted bass - +T 13. Minytrema melanops - spotted sucker - +B 14. No tr op is hypselopterus - sailfin shiner - + BMT* 15. Notropis texanus - weed shiner 16. Noturus leptacanthus - speckled madtom 17. Percina nigrofasciata - black-banded darter + + BMT +B *Denotes large population in area B=found in Basin Creek M=found in Mullet Creek T=found in Trout Creek 10 - + BMT* + BMT* �The July 1970 study of the distribution of ant hills on the grid showed that ant hill numbers were directly related to the amount of vegetative cover. In areas with 60% to 100% vegetative cover, more than 500 hills/50 meter transect were always found regardless of whether the soil was ranked as relatively dry or wet or relatively high or low in herbicide residue. In those areas with 0 to 20% vegetative cover, the number of ant hills/transect was always less than seven regardless of moisture content or herbicide residue content. 11 �SECTION IV CONCLUSION During this survey, 86 species of animals were collected or observed. Of these, 61 species (mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians) were found off the grid area and 57% of these were also observed on the one-square-mile grid. Those animals found only in the area away from the grid included seven mammals, six birds, eight reptiles, five amphibians, and 14 fish. Ten species (one bird, five reptiles, two amphibians, and two fish) were observed only on the grid. Species such as the beach mouse, meadow lark, barking tree frog, and the lake chubsucker were more common on the grid than in the adjacent area. The beach mouse and/or the six-lined racerunner would be ideal for any future animal population studies on the grid area or in similar areas on the Eglin Air Force Base Reservation. Because of the qualitative nature and brevity of this study and because a pre-herbicide testing base line was not available, definite conclusions cannot be drawn concerning changes in animal ecology in relation to herbicide equipment testing. However, this study does emphasize that species diversity on the grid was large among all groups of animals even though the area was repeatedly sprayed with military herbicides. Those differences that occurred between populations on and off the grid, in most cases, could readily be accounted for on the basis of previously known habitat preferences. 12 �REFERENCES 1. Young, A. L., and B. C. Wolverton: Military Herbicides and Insecticides. AFATL-TN-70-1, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, March 1970. 2. Ward, D. B. : Ecological Records on Eglin AFB Reservation—The First Year. AFATL-TR-67-157, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, October 1967. 3. Ward, D. B.: Ecological Records on Eglin AFB Reservation--The Second Year. AFATL-TR-68-147, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, December 1968. 4. Ward, D. B. : Ecological Records on Eglin AFB Reservation—Conclusion. AFATL-TR-70-55, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, June 1970. 5. Sturrock, T. T., and A. L. Young: A Histological Study of Yucca Filamentosa L. from Test Area C-52A, Eglin Reservation, Florida"AFATL-TR-70125, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, December 1970. 6. Hunter, J. H., and B. M. Agerton: Annual Diameter Growth of Conifers Adjacent to Eglin Reservation Test Area C-52A as Related to the Testing of Defoliant Spray Equipment. AFATL-TR-71-52, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, May 1971. 7. Hunter, J. H., and A. L. Young: Evaluation of the Effects of Defoliants on the Plant Communities of Test Area C-52A, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. Proceedings of the Weed Science Society of American Meetings, St. Louis, February 1972. 8. Lehn, P. J., A. L. Young, N. A. Hamme and B. C. Wolverton: Studies to Determine the Presence of Artifically Induced Arsenic Levels in Three Freshwater Streams and Its Effect of Fish Species Diversity. AFATL-TR-7081, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, August 1970. 9. Young, A. L., J. H. Hunter, and P. J. Lehn: Bioassay Studies of Soil Cores from Test Area C-52A, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. Proceedings of the Weed Science Society of America Meetings, St Louis, February 1972. 13 (The reverse of this page is blank) �INITIAL DISTRIBUTION AFSC (DLW) (SDWM) (DPSL Tech Lib) ASD (ENYS/Mr. Hartley) AU (AUL/LSE-70-239) USAMC (AMCRD-WB) ARPA (F. A. Koether, Dir) SAAMA (SPQT) USAF EHL (CC) Tech Spt Dir (SMEUA-TS-T) Aberdeen Prov Grd Tech Lib Deseret Test Ctr Tech Lib Ft Detrick Vegetation Control Div DDC USAFA (DFLS) AFATL (DL) (DLOSL) (DLI) (DLIP) (DLOS) ADTC (DEN) 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 12 2 1 3 1 100 3 2 15 (The reverse of this page is blank) �UNCLASSIFIED Security Classification DOCUMENT CONTROL DATA - R & D (Security classification ol title, body of abstract-and indexing annotation must be entered when the overall report is O R I G I N A T I N G A C T I V I T Y (Corporate author) classified) . REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION Flame, Incendiary and Explosives Division Air Force Armament Laboratory Eglin Air Force Base, Florida 32542 Unclassified 26. G R O U P 3- R E P O R T T I T L E ANIMAL SURVEY STUDIES OF TEST AREA C-52A EGLIN AFB RESERVATION, FLORIDA 4 D E S C R I P T I V E N O T E S (Type ol report and inclusive dales) Final Report (May - October 1970) 5 A U T H O R f S ) (First name, middle initial, last name) B. D. Pate, Captain, USA? R. C. Voigt, SSgt,, USAF P. J. Lehn. Set.. USAF REPORT DATE John H. Hunter, Captain, USA!' 7a. T O T A L NO- OF P A G E S April 1972 8fl. C O M T R A C T O R G R A N T N O - 6. P R O J E C T NO- 5066 |7fc. NO. OF R E F S _2J_ 9a. ORIG:IS AFATL-TR-72-72 96. O T H E R R E P O R T NO(S1 (Any other numbers that ma>" oe assigned this report) d. 10. D t S T R I B U T I O N S T A T E M E N T Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 11 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Available in DDC 3 Air Force Armament Laboratory Air Force Systems Command Eglin Air Force Base, Florida ABSTRAC T Between May and October 1970, an animal survey was conducted on a herbicide equipment test grid (Eglin Air Force Base Test Area C-52A) and the surrounding area. The purpose of the survey was to determine species variation and distribution patterns on the test grid and within the surrounding 11 square mile area. Methods of study included night and day field trips, and observations of the young of some animals were made in the field and in the laboratory. A trapping study was conducted to determine distribution patterns for the beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus). Eighty-six species of vertebrates (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish) were collected or observed in the field. Sixty-one species (mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians) were found off the grid area, and 57% of these were also observed on the one square mile grid. Those animals found only in the area off the grid included seven mammals, six birds, eight reptiles, five amphibians, and fourteen fish. Ten species (one bird, five reptiles, two amphibians and two fish) were observed only on the grid. The beach mouse and/or the six-lined racerunner (Rnemidophorus sexlineatus) populations were considered to be ideal for future studies of population distribution. This study shows that a large number of anima species inhabited or frequented the herbicide equipment testing grid during a period when the grid received repetitive applications of the military herbicides White (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) and Blue (dimethylarsinic acid); and, after a period (January 1968 to December 1969) when the grid received repetitive applications of Orange (2,4-dichlorophenofContinued on next page) DD FORM ,1473 UNCLASSIFIED Security C l a s s i f i c a t i o n �UNCLASSIFIED Security Classification LINK A 14 LINKS LINK' C K E Y WO RDS RO L E WT ROLE WT Animal Survey Studies Test Area C-52A Herbicide Equipment Test Grid Military Defoliation Program Mammals Birds Reptiles Amphibians Fish UNCLASSIFIED Security C l a s s i f i c a t i o n ROL E WT �DD Form 1473, Item 13, Abstract, continued. xyacetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid). In most cases, those differences that were found between species occurring on or off the grid could be accounted for on the basis of previously known habitat preferences. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 009 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0089 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pate, B.D. R.C. Voigt P.L. Lehn John H. Hunter Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>Pyrotechnics Branch, Flame, Incendiary and Explosives Division, Air Force Armament Laboratory, Eglin AFB, Florida Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-04-01 Title A name given to the resource Animal Survey Studies of Test Area C-52A, Eglin AFB Reservation, Florida Subject The topic of the resource animal population equipment testing fish population