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Item ID Number:
Author
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ooosg
Pate B D
>
Pyrotechnics Branch, Flame, Incendiary and Explosives
Division, Air Force Armament Laboratory, Eglin AFB,
Florida
Report/Article Titlfl Animal Survey Studies of Test Area C-52A, Eglin AFB Reservation, Florida
Journal/Book Title
Year
w*
Month/Day
A ril
Color
P
0
Number of Images
22
Descripton Notes
Project NO. soee
Friday, December 01, 2000
Page 89 of 91
�Pate, B.D.,
1972
AFATL-TR-72-72
Animal Survey Studies of Test Area C-52A
Eglin AFB Reservation, Florida
ANIMAL SURVEY STUDIES
OF
TEST AREA C-52A
EGLIN AFB RESERVATION, FLORIDA
PYROTECHNICS BRANCH
FLAME, INCENDIARY AND EXPLOSIVES DIVISION
TECHNICAL REPORT AFATL-TR-72-72
APRIL 1972
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 1
AIR FORCE ARMAMENT LABORATORY
AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND • UNITED STATES AIR FORCI
I6LIN AIR FORCE BASE, FLORIDA
�Animal Survey Studies
of
Test Area C-52A
Eglin AFB Reservation, Florida
B. D. P a t e , C a p t a i n , USAF
R. C. Voigt, SSgt., USAF
P. J. Lehn, Sgt., U S A F
John H. H u n t e r , C a p t a i n , U S A F
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. I
�FOREWORD
The USAF project directly related to the information in this report is
Exploratory Development Project 5066, Aerial Dissemination Techniques, work
unit number 004. This report documents specific studies performed between
May and October 1970. The majority of this report was presented at the
February 1972 meetings of the Weed Science Society of America in St Louis,
Missouri.
Information on the types and amounts of defoliants disseminated over
Test Area C-52A was obtained from Armament Development and Test Center working
papers "Defoliant History of Test Area C-52A" by Helen Biever, and from Vitro
Services, Vitro Corporation of America.
This technical report has been reviewed and is approved.
FRANKLIN c. D A V i £ s c i c m e i , USAF
Chief, Flame, Incendiary and Explosives Division
11
�ABSTRACT
Between May and October 1970, an animal survey was conducted on a herbicide equipment test grid (Eglin Air Force Base Test Area C-52A) and the
surrounding area. The purpose of the survey was to determine species variation
and distribution patterns on the test grid and within the surrounding 11 square
mile area. Methods of study included night and day field trips, and observations
of the young of some animals were made in the field and in the laboratory. A
trapping study was conducted to determine distribution patterns for the beach
mouse (Peromyscus polionotus). Eighty-six species of vertebrates (mammals,
birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish) were collected or observed in the field.
Sixty-one species (mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians) were found off the
grid area, and 57% of these were also observed on the one square mile grid.
Those animals found only in the area off the grid included seven mammals, six
birds, eight reptiles, five amphibians, and fourteen fish. Ten species (one
bird, five reptiles, two amphibians and two fish) were observed only on the
grid. The beach mouse and/or the six-lined racerunner (Cnemidophorus
jsexlineatus) populations were considered to be ideal for future studies of
population distribution. This study shows that a large number of animal species
inhabited or frequented the herbicide equipment testing grid during a period
when the grid received repetitive applications of the military herbicides White
(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) and
Blue (dimethylarsinic acid); and, after a period (January 1968 to December 1969)
when the grid received repetitive applications of Orange (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid). In most cases, those
differences that were found between species occurring on or off the grid could
be accounted for on the basis of previously known habitat preferences.
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited,
111
(The reverse of this page is blank)
�TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
I
II
III
IV
Page
INTRODUCTION
1
MATERIALS AND METHODS
4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5
CONCLUSION
12
REFERENCES
13
v
(The reverse of this page is blank)
�SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
From June 1962 to October 1970, aerial spray equipment was tested on
Test Area C-52A in support of the military defoliation program. Active
military defoliants such as Purple, Orange, White, and Blue were used in the
majority of tests in order to obtain a realistic evaluation of spray equipment.
The active ingredients in these defoliants are 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
(2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) and dimethylarsinic acid (see Reference 1). Defoliants were repeatedly applied to 92 and 240 acre areas of the test area,
resulting in some sections receiving approximately 947 pounds of active
ingredient per acre (Ib ai/A) of 2,4-D or 2,4,5-T; 53 Ib ai/A of dimethylarsinic acid, and 8 Ib ai/A of picloram during one or two year periods.
Between May 1970 and October 1970, a survey was conducted to determine
the animal species composition of a one square mile test grid on Test Area
C-52A, and the adjacent area included within a two mile radius of the center
of the grid (Figure 1). The survey was initiated because of concern for the
extent of ecological alterations that might occur in the test area as a result
of the repetitive applications of military defoliants. The objective of the
survey was to determine animal species variation and distribution patterns
on the test grid and within the surrounding area.
Test Area C-52A occupies about three square miles and is about 100 feet
above sea level. The soils of the area are predominantly well drained, acid
sands of the Lakeland Association with 0 to 5% slope. The area is a grassy
plain dominated by switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and broomsedge bluestem
(Andropogon virginicus). The surrounding forest (see range boundary in
Figure 1) consists mainly of turkey oak (Quercus laevis), sand pine (Pinus
clausa) and longleaf pine (P_. palustris) .
Earlier ecological studies (References 2 to 7) conducted on Test Area
C-52A were primarily concerned with the types and distribution of plant species
growing in the area and the effects of defoliant application on these parameters. Fish species found in the streams draining the test area were identified during a study by Lehn et al (Reference 8) to determine whether the Blue
missions on the grids caused an increase in the levels of arsenic in the
streams. The results of the study showed no increase in the arsenic levels,
and only one species of fish showed any quantitative change.
During the eight years of testing spray equipment on Test Area C-52A,
four grids were used to monitor the tests. Three 92 acre grids were used
between June 1962 and April 1968. From May 1968 to October 1970, all tests
were conducted on a one square mile grid which includes within its boundaries
the area formerly occupied by two of the older grids. During the time of this
animal survey, portions of the one-square-mile grid received approximately 43
�Ib ai/A of a combination of sodium cacodylate and dimethylarsinic acid
(disseminated as Blue), 0.6 Ib ai/A of picloram and 2 Ib ai/A of 2,4-D
(disseminated as White). The last Orange mission occurred in December 1969;
portions of the one-square-mile grid had been sprayed in 1969 with about
139 Ib ai/A of a combination of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T disseminated as Orange.
Aerial spray tests with the insecticide malathion were conducted on the onesquare-mile grid in August 1970, but the animal survey had essentially been
completed prior to the insecticide testing.
�0
2,000'
4000'
6.000'
8000'
SAND
TRAIL
RANGE
--_
C
Figure 1.
H O C T A W H A T C H E E
BOUNDRY
COUNTY
RANGE
80UNDRY
GATE
B A Y
Test Area C-52A and Surrounding Area on Eglin AFB
Reservation (Area Within Circle was Surveyed)
�SECTION II
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Methods of study included early morning, midday, and night field trips
on the one-square-mile grid and within the surrounding 11 square miles
(Figure 1). The collecting and identification were concerned with mammals,
birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. In addition to the field trips planned
specifically for the survey (30 trips), data were also collected when trips
were made to the test area for other reasons.
Many specimens collected were brought into the laboratory, preserved
or mounted, and now serve as a reference collection to facilitate identification for subsequent studies. A large collection of 35mm slides of most of
the animals was accumulated.
In addition to the surveys of animal species, preliminary studies were
conducted on the distribution of the beach mouse (Peromyscus pplionotus) on
the test grid, and on the distribution of ant ...hi 11s in 50 square meter transects on the grid. For the beach mouse studies, 35 live animal traps were
constructed and set at randomly selected sites on the one-square-mile grid.
Traps were in one location for two weeks, and then were moved to a new location. Three trapping sessions were conducted on the test grid and three in
separate areas off the grid.
For the insect distribution study, a series of 16 randomly selected
linear transects, 1 meter by 50 meters, were analyzed. The total number of
ant hills in each 50 square meter area were counted, and the results were
correlated with soil concentration of herbicide, the density of vegetation,
and the relative soil moisture content within each transect. The relative
concentration of herbicide residue in the grid soil had been determined by
a plant bioassay (Reference 9).
�SECTION III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Mammals that were observed on or off the grid are shown in Table I. A
total of 17 mammals were observed off the grid with 10 of these also found
on the grid. All of the animals sighted on the grid used the area for
foraging or as a source of drinking water. The most important economic population in the area was the deer herd. Night field trips yielded average counts
of from 24 to 36 deer on the grid and within the immediate area. Close
inspection of aquatic areas on the grid during early morning field trips
revealed extensive activity the previous nights. In addition to the d^er
herd, a sizable herd of feral hogs earlier crossed with Russian Boars, also
inhabited the area. The hogs frequented the marshy areas, drinking and rooting
in the area for food.
During the spring of 1970, a red fox was frequently observed close to the
grid and its den was found approximately 100 yards from the edge of the grid.
Five kits were found in the den and based upon gross observations, they appeared
healthy and normal.
The most common rodents off the grid along the streams that drain the
area were the cotton mouse and the hispid cotton rat. In the fields surrounding
the grid, the eastern harvest mouse was common. Eight pairs of the cotton
mouse were taken into the laboratory and allowed to breed. Six of the pairs
had litters which were normal in size and free from any apparent birth defects.
The most common rodent species on the grid is the beach mouse. Trapping
studies during the*- summer of 1970 showed that this species is widely distributed throughout the grid, except in areas with less than 5% vegetative cover.
A similar habitat preference is exhibited in their normal range along the
beaches of the Gulf Coast.
At least 25 species of birds live in the area immediately adjacent to the
grid or have been observed feeding within its boundaries. Many more species
than those listed in Table II are found in the more densely forested areas
near the outer limits of the two mile radius.
Seven species of water birds and waders were sighted repeatedly in the
aquatic areas on or off the grid. Nine species of seed and insect gatherers
were also observed feeding on or near the grid and the most common were the
meadow lark and the mourning dove. Birds of prey and scavengers were well
represented due to the high rodent population and good visibility afforded by
an open area. It seems significant that all birds sighted, with the single
exception of a grasshopper sparrow (caught in a live animal trap) were medium
to large species. A thorough survey by a trained ornithologist would probably
reveal more small birds in the area.
�TABLE I.
MAMMALS FOUND ON THE ONE SQUARE MILE GRID AND AN ADJACENT
11 SQUARE MILE AREA
SPECIES AND COMMON NAME
AREA WHERE OBSERVED
ON GRID
1.
2.
Didelphis marsupialis - opossum
3.
Geomys pinetis - southeastern pocket gopher
4.
Lynx rufus - bobcat
5.
Mephitis mephitis - striped skunk
6.
Odocoileus virginianus - whitetail deer
7.
Oryzomys paulustris - rice rat
8.
Peromyscus gossypinus - cotton mouse
9.
Peromyscus polionotus - beach mouse
OFF GRID
Dasypus novemcinctus - armadillo
10.
Sciurus niger - eastern fox squirrel
14.
Signodon hispidus - hispid cotton rat
15.
Sus scrofa - wild pig
16.
Sylvilagus floridanus - eastern cottontail rabbit
17.
Vulpes fulva - red fox
+*
Sciurus carolinensis - eastern gray squirrel
13.
+*
Procyon lotor - raccoon
12.
+*
+*
Reithrodontomys humulis - eastern harvest mouse
11.
+*
*Dominant species; sighted during 80% of the field trips.
+*
�TABLE II.
BIRDS FOUND ON THE ONE SQUARE MILE GRID AND AN ADJACENT
11 SQUARE MILE GRID
SPECIES AND COMMON NAME
AREA WHERE OBSERVED
ON GRID
+
OFF GRID
+
1.
Accip.titer struitus velox - sharp-shinned hawk
2.
Agelauis phaneicius - red-wing blackbird
3.
Ammodramus savahharum - grasshopper sparrow
+
+
4.
Ardeola ibis - cattle egret
+
+
5.
Botanurus lentiginosus - American bittern
+
+
6.
Buteo jamaicensis - red-tailed hawk
+
7.
Buteo liniatus - red-shouldered hawk
+
8.
Butorides virescens virescens - eastern green heron
9.
Caprimulgus vociferus - eastern whippoorwill
+
+
+
+
+
11. Cathartes aura - turkey vulture
+
+
12.
Chlordeiles minor - night hawk
+
+
13.
Colinus virginianus - bobwhite quail
+
+
14. Coragyps atratus - black vulture
+
+
15. Corvus brachyrhynchus - American crow
+
+
10.
16.
Casmerodius abbus egretta - American egret
+
Egretta caerulea - little blue heron
17. Elanoides forficatus forficatus - swallowtail kite
+
+
+
18 . Falco sparvirius - sparrow hawk
19.
Detinia mississippiensis - Mississippi kite
+
+
20.
Sturnella magna - meadow lark
+*
+
21.
Turdus migratorius - robin
+
+
22. Zenaidura macroura - mourning dove
+
+
23.
Unidentified Duck
+
+
24.
Unidentified Goose
+
+
25.
Unidentified Grebe
+
+
*Dominant species; sighted during 80% of field trips
�Seventeen species of reptiles were collected or observed, with nine
species recorded on the grid and twelve species from the surrounding area
(Table III) . Differences in faunal species composition on and off the grid
due to vegetation differences can best be illustrated with the reptiles.
Those species that are adaptable and occupy a variety of niches were found
both on and off the grid in large numbers. The dominant species on the
grid was the six-lined racerunner, and it was also one of the dominant species
in the wooded area surrounding the grid. Those species whose habitat is
characterized by definite vegetative type cannot adapt to the open habitat
of the grid. The green anole and southern fence lizard are two of these.
There are also species which occur in the forest areas but are more plentiful
in the open areas, such as the eastern coachwhip.
TABLE III.
REPTILES FOUND ON THE ONE SQUARE MILE GRID AND AN ADJACENT
11 SQUARE MILE AREA
SPECIES AND COMMON NAME
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Agkistrodon piscivorus - eastern cottonmouth
Alligator mississippiensis - American alligator
Anolis carolinensis carolinensis - green anole
Cnemidophorus sexlineatus - six- lined racerunner
Coluber constrictor priapus - southern black racer
Crotalus adamanteus - eastern diamondback
rattlesnake
Elphe guttata tuttata - corn snake
Heterodon platyrhinos - eastern hognose
Lampropeltis doliata doliata - scarlet kingsnake
Lygosoma laterale - ground skink
Masticophis flagellum flagellum - eastern coachwhip
Natrix sipedon pictiventris - Florida water snake
Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus - Florida pine snake
Pseudemys scripta scripta - yellow-bellied turtle
Sceloporus undulatus undulatus - southern fence
lizard
Sistrurus miliarius barbouri - dusky pigmy
rattlesnake
Sterothaerus minor minor - loggerhead musk turtle
AREA WHERE OBSERVED
ON GRID
+
+*
+
OFF GRID
+
+
+
+*
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
*Dominant species; observed during 80% of the field trips
+
+
+
�Ten species of amphibians were collected (Table IV). The amphibian
population on the grid centered mainly around the aquatic areas with the
exception of the two toad species, which were also found in the dry areas.
There were four breeding populations throughout most of the year in the
aquatic areas on the grid: the southern cricket frog, the southern toad,
the barking tree frog, and the southern leopard frog. The slimy salamander
is one of the dominant species in the surrounding forest but does not occur
on the grid, presumably because of its need for sufficient moist ground
cover.
TABLE IV.
AMPHIBIANS FOUND ON THE ONE SQUARE MILE GRID AND AN
ADJACENT 11 SQUARE MILE AREA
SPECIES AND COMMON NAME
AREA WHERE OBSERVED
ON GRID
OFF GRID
1.
Acris gryllus gryllus - southern cricket frog
+*
2.
Bufo quercicus - oak toad
+
3.
Bufo terrestris - southern toad
+*
4.
Eurycea bislineata cirrigera - southern two-lined
salamander
+
Gastrophryne carolinensis - eastern narrowmouthed toad
+
6.
Hermidactylium sccutatum - four-toed salamander
+
7.
Hyla gratiosa - barking tree frog
8.
Plethodon glutinosus glutinosus - slimy salamander
+
9.
Rana clamitans clamitans - bronze frog
+
5.
10.
Rana pipiens/sphenocephala - southern leopard
frog
*A breeding population
+*
+*
+*
+*
+*
�Seventeen species of fishes were collected, with three species occurring
within the boundaries of the one-square-mile grid and.15 species from the
surrounding streams (Table V). Habitat and spatial isolation seemed to be
the major limiting factors on the grid. The lake chubsucker was abundant
in one of the ponds on the grid but was not found in the three streams within
the two mile radius; however, the species occurs several miles downstream in
more sluggish waters. A large percentage of these data were collected as part
of a larger fish study of the three streams (Reference 7).
TABLE V.
FISH SPECIES FOUND IN PONDS AND DRAINAGE AREAS OF THE ONE
SQUARE MILE GRID AND IN BASIN, MULLET, AND TROUT CREEKS
AREAS WHERE COLLECTED
SPECIES AND COMMON NAME
1.
Ambloplites rapestris - rock bass
2. Anguilla rostrata - American eel
3.
ON GRID
-
-
+ BT
+ BT
Aphredpderus sayanus - pirate perch
Erimyzon sucetta - lake chubsucker
OFF GRID
+B
+*
Esox americanus - red-fin pickerel
+B
Esox niger - chain pickerel
+B
7.
Etheostoma edwini - brown darter
+ BT*
8.
Gambusia affinis - mosquito fish
+ BMT*
9.
Ichthyomyzon gagei - southern brook lamprey
+ BM
10.
Ictalurus natalis - yellow bullhead
11.
Lepomis punctatus - spotted sunfish
12.
Micropterus punctulatus - spotted bass
-
+T
13.
Minytrema melanops - spotted sucker
-
+B
14.
No tr op is hypselopterus - sailfin shiner
-
+ BMT*
15.
Notropis texanus - weed shiner
16.
Noturus leptacanthus - speckled madtom
17.
Percina nigrofasciata - black-banded darter
+
+ BMT
+B
*Denotes large population in area
B=found in Basin Creek
M=found in Mullet Creek
T=found in Trout Creek
10
-
+ BMT*
+ BMT*
�The July 1970 study of the distribution of ant hills on the grid
showed that ant hill numbers were directly related to the amount of
vegetative cover. In areas with 60% to 100% vegetative cover, more than
500 hills/50 meter transect were always found regardless of whether the
soil was ranked as relatively dry or wet or relatively high or low in
herbicide residue. In those areas with 0 to 20% vegetative cover, the number
of ant hills/transect was always less than seven regardless of moisture
content or herbicide residue content.
11
�SECTION IV
CONCLUSION
During this survey, 86 species of animals were collected or observed.
Of these, 61 species (mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians) were found
off the grid area and 57% of these were also observed on the one-square-mile
grid. Those animals found only in the area away from the grid included seven
mammals, six birds, eight reptiles, five amphibians, and 14 fish. Ten species
(one bird, five reptiles, two amphibians, and two fish) were observed only
on the grid. Species such as the beach mouse, meadow lark, barking tree
frog, and the lake chubsucker were more common on the grid than in the adjacent area. The beach mouse and/or the six-lined racerunner would be ideal
for any future animal population studies on the grid area or in similar areas
on the Eglin Air Force Base Reservation.
Because of the qualitative nature and brevity of this study and because
a pre-herbicide testing base line was not available, definite conclusions cannot
be drawn concerning changes in animal ecology in relation to herbicide equipment testing. However, this study does emphasize that species diversity on
the grid was large among all groups of animals even though the area was
repeatedly sprayed with military herbicides. Those differences that occurred
between populations on and off the grid, in most cases, could readily be
accounted for on the basis of previously known habitat preferences.
12
�REFERENCES
1. Young, A. L., and B. C. Wolverton: Military Herbicides and Insecticides.
AFATL-TN-70-1, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, March 1970.
2. Ward, D. B. : Ecological Records on Eglin AFB Reservation—The First
Year. AFATL-TR-67-157, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, October 1967.
3. Ward, D. B.: Ecological Records on Eglin AFB Reservation--The Second
Year. AFATL-TR-68-147, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, December 1968.
4. Ward, D. B. : Ecological Records on Eglin AFB Reservation—Conclusion.
AFATL-TR-70-55, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, June 1970.
5. Sturrock, T. T., and A. L. Young: A Histological Study of Yucca
Filamentosa L. from Test Area C-52A, Eglin Reservation, Florida"AFATL-TR-70125, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, December 1970.
6. Hunter, J. H., and B. M. Agerton: Annual Diameter Growth of Conifers
Adjacent to Eglin Reservation Test Area C-52A as Related to the Testing of
Defoliant Spray Equipment. AFATL-TR-71-52, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida,
May 1971.
7. Hunter, J. H., and A. L. Young: Evaluation of the Effects of Defoliants
on the Plant Communities of Test Area C-52A, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida.
Proceedings of the Weed Science Society of American Meetings, St. Louis,
February 1972.
8. Lehn, P. J., A. L. Young, N. A. Hamme and B. C. Wolverton: Studies to
Determine the Presence of Artifically Induced Arsenic Levels in Three
Freshwater Streams and Its Effect of Fish Species Diversity. AFATL-TR-7081, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, August 1970.
9. Young, A. L., J. H. Hunter, and P. J. Lehn: Bioassay Studies of Soil
Cores from Test Area C-52A, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. Proceedings of
the Weed Science Society of America Meetings, St Louis, February 1972.
13
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�INITIAL DISTRIBUTION
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(DPSL Tech Lib)
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1
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1
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12
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15
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�UNCLASSIFIED
Security Classification
DOCUMENT CONTROL DATA - R & D
(Security classification
ol title, body of abstract-and indexing annotation must be entered when the overall report is
O R I G I N A T I N G A C T I V I T Y (Corporate author)
classified)
. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
Flame, Incendiary and Explosives Division
Air Force Armament Laboratory
Eglin Air Force Base, Florida 32542
Unclassified
26. G R O U P
3- R E P O R T T I T L E
ANIMAL SURVEY STUDIES OF TEST AREA C-52A EGLIN AFB RESERVATION, FLORIDA
4
D E S C R I P T I V E N O T E S (Type
ol report and inclusive dales)
Final Report (May - October 1970)
5
A U T H O R f S ) (First name, middle initial, last name)
B. D. Pate, Captain, USA?
R. C. Voigt, SSgt,, USAF
P. J. Lehn. Set.. USAF
REPORT DATE
John H. Hunter, Captain, USA!'
7a. T O T A L NO- OF P A G E S
April 1972
8fl. C O M T R A C T O R G R A N T N O -
6. P R O J E C T NO-
5066
|7fc. NO. OF R E F S
_2J_
9a. ORIG:IS
AFATL-TR-72-72
96. O T H E R R E P O R T NO(S1 (Any other numbers that ma>" oe assigned
this report)
d.
10. D t S T R I B U T I O N S T A T E M E N T
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.
11
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Available in DDC
3
Air Force Armament Laboratory
Air Force Systems Command
Eglin Air Force Base, Florida
ABSTRAC T
Between May and October 1970, an animal survey was conducted on a herbicide equipment test grid (Eglin Air Force Base Test Area C-52A) and the surrounding area.
The purpose of the survey was to determine species variation and distribution patterns on the test grid and within the surrounding 11 square mile area. Methods of
study included night and day field trips, and observations of the young of some
animals were made in the field and in the laboratory. A trapping study was conducted to determine distribution patterns for the beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus). Eighty-six species of vertebrates (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and
fish) were collected or observed in the field. Sixty-one species (mammals, birds,
reptiles and amphibians) were found off the grid area, and 57% of these were also
observed on the one square mile grid. Those animals found only in the area off the
grid included seven mammals, six birds, eight reptiles, five amphibians, and
fourteen fish. Ten species (one bird, five reptiles, two amphibians and two fish)
were observed only on the grid. The beach mouse and/or the six-lined racerunner
(Rnemidophorus sexlineatus) populations were considered to be ideal for future
studies of population distribution. This study shows that a large number of anima
species inhabited or frequented the herbicide equipment testing grid during a
period when the grid received repetitive applications of the military herbicides
White (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid)
and Blue (dimethylarsinic acid); and, after a period (January 1968 to December
1969) when the grid received repetitive applications of Orange (2,4-dichlorophenofContinued on next page)
DD
FORM
,1473
UNCLASSIFIED
Security C l a s s i f i c a t i o n
�UNCLASSIFIED
Security Classification
LINK A
14
LINKS
LINK' C
K E Y WO RDS
RO L E
WT
ROLE
WT
Animal Survey Studies
Test Area C-52A
Herbicide Equipment Test Grid
Military Defoliation Program
Mammals
Birds
Reptiles
Amphibians
Fish
UNCLASSIFIED
Security C l a s s i f i c a t i o n
ROL E
WT
�DD Form 1473, Item 13, Abstract, continued.
xyacetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid). In most cases, those
differences that were found between species occurring on or off the grid could
be accounted for on the basis of previously known habitat preferences.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange
Description
An account of the resource
<p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p>
<p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p>
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Box
The box containing the original item.
009
Folder
The folder containing the original item.
0089
Series
The series number of the original item.
Series II
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Pate, B.D.
R.C. Voigt
P.L. Lehn
John H. Hunter
Description
An account of the resource
<strong>Corporate Author: </strong>Pyrotechnics Branch, Flame, Incendiary and Explosives Division, Air Force Armament Laboratory, Eglin AFB, Florida
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1972-04-01
Title
A name given to the resource
Animal Survey Studies of Test Area C-52A, Eglin AFB Reservation, Florida
Subject
The topic of the resource
animal population
equipment testing
fish population