1 15 3 https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/46d7e8c1116de53f865536a8067e89d2.pdf 63a37902c59369ab5873526d5b2db506 PDF Text Text RBDID Number °2193 Author Eadon G > - Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State Report/Article TltlB Comparisons of Chemical and Biological Data on Soot Samples From the Binghamton State Office Building Journal/Book Title Year 1982 Month/Day March Color Number of Images D 24 Dascrlpton Notes Thursday, September 20, 2001 Page 2193 of 2293 �Comparisons Of Chemical and Biological Data on Soot Samples From the Binghamton State Office Building G. Eadon, K. Aldous, G. Frenkel, J. Gierthy, D. Hilkerr L. Kaminsky, P. O'Keefe, J. Silkworth and R. Smith Center for Laboratories and Research ( New York\State Department of Health Albany, N^ 12201 March, 1982 �Soot samples from two separate samplings of the Binghamton State Office Building (BSOB) have been the objects of a coordinated interdisciplinary study at the New York State Health Department. On May 26, 1981, replicate soot samples were collected from above the ceiling panels of 16 of the 17 floors of the BSOB. Each sample was subjected to exhaustive soxhlet extraction (benzene). One portion of each extract was analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), another for polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and related compounds. A third portion of all extracts not spiked with PCDDs and PCDFs as part of the chemical analysis procedure was examined using the cell keratinization assay. Another set of experiments utilized a much larger soot sample collected by a vacuum cleaner on the 3rd and 4th floors of the BSOB shortly after the fire occurred. The bulk of this sample has been used in animal toxicology studies. However/ portions of this soot were extracted and analyzed for PCBs, PCDFs, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,7,8-TCDF). The cell keratinization assay was also applied to an extract of this sample. The results of each of these studies have been described in detail in separate reports (Smith et al. , 1981a, 1981b, 1982; Silkworth et al., 1982; Gierthy et al., 1982). This paper will seek comparisons among the various chemical and biological data sets generated with these samples, and will attempt to determine whether the results are mutually consistent. �Chemical Data The number of samples which could be analyzed for PCDFs and related trace contaminants is severely limited by the difficulty of the analytical procedure. In contrast, the quantitation of the much more abundant PCBs is a fairly straightforward process; more than 800 PCB analyses have already been reported on BSOB-related samples. If the ratios of PCB to PCDF are approximately constant then the results of the PCB analyses can be used to estimate PCDF levels, with a considerable savings in time and manpower. Table I contains analytical data relevant to the PCB and PCDF (tetra through octa chlorinated) concentrations on soot samples collected from 16 of 17 floors of the BSOB, and on the soot sample used in animal toxicology experiments. The PCB concentrations vary by nearly 3 orders of magnitude, while total PCDF levels vary from not detected approximately 1200 ppm. «1.0 ppm) to For the 11 samples in which the ratio of total PCDFs to total PCBs has been determined, the total PCDFs measured ranges from 51 ppm to 1200 ppm, and the ratio of PCDF to PCB averages .066 * .024 (error limits represent one standard deviation). t Thus, the total PCDF levels correlate with PCB levels. More detailed consideration of the data in Table I indicates that the total concentrations of tetra CDFs, penta CDFs and hexa CDFs (groupings which include the isomers predicted (see later) to be most active with respect to acute oral toxicity and keratinization) relative to the total PCDF concentration is relatively constant (Table II). In the 11 samples for which these ratios have been determined, tetra CDFs constitute 33 + 5% �of the total PCDF mixture, while penta CDFs constitute 40 + 3%, and the hexa CDFs constitute 18 ± 7% of the total mixture. Thus, the PCB concentration can be used to predict approximate concentrations of each family of chlorinated dibenzofurans in these samples. For illustrative purposes, Table III contains the measured and predicted concentrations. Further studies will be required to rigorously validate the use of PCB analysis as a surrogate for the more elaborate analytical procedures. Since concentrations of dibenzodioxins and biphenylenes (Stalling, 1981) have not yet been determined in these samples, it cannot be demonstrated that the concentrations of these compounds correlate with PCB concentrations. Further, the samples analyzed to date have all been collected before May, 1981 and have been predominantly obtained from the same location on the 17 floors. The validity of the observed correlation must be tested with more recent samples and with samples taken at other locations; the similarity of the ceiling panel samples and vacuum cleaner sample is encouraging in the latter regard. Finally, the validity of the observed correlation in the very slightly contaminated samples likely to be generated during the ! final phases of the clean-up should also be tested. �Biological Data Evaluation of the consistency of the chemical data and the biological data requires knowledge of the concentrations and toxicities of particular congeners believed to be especially active. Because of the very few reference standards available, the laboratories of the Health Department have produced little congener-by-congener analytical data. Therefore, in the following discussions it will be necessary to assume that within a particular isomeric series the relative concentration of a given isomer is comparable to its concentration in a sample earlier subjected to congener by congener analysis (Stalling, 1981; Rappe, 1981). Among the tetra CDFs, the isomer believed to be most toxic is 2,3,7,8-Tetra CDF (Poland et al., 1977). Stalling and Rappe report that this isomer constitutes 68% and 41% of the tetra CDFs. Based on these results it will be assummed that 2,3,7,8-TCDF constitutes 50% of the total tetra CDF concentration in these samples. Given the greater toxicity of 2,3,7,8-chlorinated isomers (Poland et al., 1977) the most toxic penta CDF isomers are predicted to be 1,2,3,7,8- and 2,3,4,7,8-penta CDF. Stalling and Rappe report that these congeners comprise together 47% and 53% of the penta CDF mixture. A value of 50% will be assumed in subsequent discussions. Given the greater toxicity of 2,3,7,8-chlorinated isomers (Poland et al., 1977), the most toxic hexa CDF isomers are predicted to be 1,2,3,4,7,8-, 1,2,3,6,7,8-, 1,2,3,7,8,9- and 2,3,4,6,7,8-hexa CDF. Rappe reports that the total concentration �of three of these isomers in a BSOB sample was 49% of the total hexa CDF concentration. A value of 50% will be assumed here for the four isomers. Knowledge of the relative concentrations of dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans will also be required for these discussions. In the soot sample used in animal toxicology experiments, the 2,3,7,8-TCDD/2,3,7,8-TCDF ratio was determined to be .025 (Smith et al., 1981b). this sample. This ratio will be used in connection with However, since analytical data on the dioxin levels in the remaining samples is not yet available, an estimate of these concentrations must be made. In a sample analyzed by Rappe and Stalling, Rappe concluded that the tetra through octa PCDD/PCDF ratio was about .01, and Stalling concluded that it was less than .02. In a heavily contaminated soot sample, Smith et al (1981a) concluded that the 2,3,7,8-TCDD/2,3,7,8-TCDF ratio averaged .015. The average ratio observed in the three samples was .017; this value will be assumed for the ceiling panel derived soot samples. Based on Stalling's report (1981), the biphenylene/dibenzofuran ratio in a sample was less than .067. This value will of i necessity be used in subsequent discussions. Efforts are presently underway to obtain experimental data on the soot samples currently under discussion to place these estimates on a firmer basis. a. Animal Toxicology Experiments It is difficult to rigorously demonstrate consistency between results obtained via chemical analysis and acute toxicity data for a number of reasons. The chemical data is incomplete; �7 not all classes of toxicants have been quantified,and the concentrations of individual congeners have not been established. More important, however, very limited data is available on the acute oral toxicities of individual PCDFs, PCDDs or Polychlorinated Biphenylenes. Nevertheless, despite these and other difficulties, crude comparison of this data will be attempted. A useful first step is to express the observed acute oral toxicity of the soot in terms of "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents", i.e., the concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, that, in an inert matrix, would produce the observed LDgQ. An extract of soot when administered to guinea pigs in aqueous suspension exhibited an LD5Q equivalent to 327 mg soot/kg. When 2,3,7,8-TCDD was administered under identical conditions, it exhibited an LD50 of 19 ug/kg. If the soot in fact had contained only 2,3,7,8-TCDD at 58 ug/g, its extract would be predicted to exhibit an LD,-n of 327 mg soot equivalents/kg. Therefore, the "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent" contamination of the soot is 58 ug/g. The chemical data can then be used to "predict" the "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent" concentration of the soot, based on known toxicities of the components. This is a complicated task, since no data is available on the LDcris of dibenzofurans in bu guinea pigs other than 2,3,7,8-tetra CDF, and since very limited data is available on the PCDDs. The following assumptions will therefore be made about the I<DCQS of these compounds: (1) The ratio of the LDcQs of a particular PCDF congener and 2,3,7,8-tetra CDF will be the same as the ratio of the LD5Qs oE the correspondingly substituted PCDD congener and 2,3,7,8-TCDD. �8 There is no direct experimental data to support this assumption. (2) The LD50s of PCDFs and PCDDs lacking chlorines on all four lateral positions will be sufficiently high that their influence can be ignored in this calculation. This assumption is based on the LD5Qs in guinea pigs of 2,8-diCDD, 2,3,7-triCDD, and 1,2,4,7,8-penta-CDD. All have LE> s more than 450 times higher than that of 2,3,7,8-Tetra CDD itself (Table IV). (3) Introduction of a single additional chlorine substituent on a 2,3,1,8-substituted congener has essentially no effect on the congener's guinea pig LD . This assumption is based on comparison of the LD5Qs of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 1,2,3,7,8~tetra-CDD (Table IV). (4) Introduction of two additional chlorine substituents on a 2,3,7,8-chlorinated congener raises its LD,-0 by a factor of at least 29. The assumption is based on comparison of the LD5Qs of 1,2,3,4,7,8-, 1,2,3,6,7,8-, and 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexa CDD and 2,3,7,8-tetra CDD (Table IV). (5) The LDf-QS of compounds with more than 6 chlorines will be sufficiently large that their influence can be ignored in this calculation. This assumption is based on comparison of the LD5Qs of 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-hepta CDD and 2,3,7,8-tetra CDD (Table IV). These assumptions require that attention be focussed only on the tetra, penta, and hexasubstituted PCDDs and PCDFs. The concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDF in the sample used in animal toxicology experiments was measured at 48 ppm; since the data in Table IV indicates that the LD5Q of 2,3,7,8-tetraCDF is about three times that of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, this is equivalent in terms of acute toxicity to a 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentration of ca. 16 ug/g. �Based on assumption (2), other tetra CDFs can be neglected in this calculation. The penta CDFs were measured at 120 ug/g. If 1,2,3,7,8- and 2,3,4,7,8-penta CDF together constitute 50% of the penta CDFs, and if their LDcQS are equal to that of 2,3,7,8-TCDF, this is equivalent in terms of acute toxicity to a 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentration of ca. 20 ug/g. Based on assumption (2), other penta CDFs can be neglected in this calculation. hexa CDFs have been measured at 70 ug/g. The The isomers believed to have the lowest LD5Qs (1,2,3,4,7,8-, 1,2,3,6,7,8-, and 2,3,4,6,7,8-hexa CDF) are expected to comprise 50% of the total hexa CDF mixture. Since, based on assumption (4), their LD^s are 29 times higher than that of 2,3,7,8-TCDF, this is equivalent to a 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentration of 0.4 ug/g. calculated Thus, the PCDFs are to constitute a "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent" concentration of 36 ug/g. The concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD itself has been measured at 1.2 ppm in this sample. Other tetrachlorinated dibenzodioxins are predicted to have much higher LD,-QS and can be ignored. The concentration of other PCDDs in this sample are unknown, but are likely to be comparable to the TCDDs. Thus, the dioxins as a whole probably have a negligible influence on the soot's "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent" concentration. Stalling (1981) has reported on the presence of polychlorinated biphenylenes in a soot sample from BSOB; he cites unpublished results by Dr. Alan Poland that suggests that the toxicity of the 2,3,6,7 congener is comparable to that of 2,3,7,8-tetra CDD. If Stalling's ratio of biphenylene to dibenzofuran is (.067) is assummed to hold for all of these �10 compounds, and if it is assummed that the biphenylenes have acute oral toxicities three times that of the corresponding dibenzofurans, it can be calculated that the biphenylenes will contribute about 0.2 times as much "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent" activity as the dibenzofurans. Thus, to a very crude approximation, the polychlorinated biphenylenes account for a "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent" concentration of 7 ppm. In summary, the dibenzofurans and the tetra CDDs are estimated to constitute a "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent" activity of 37 ug/g. Together, the remaining dibenzodioxins and the biphenylenes probably provide a significant but smaller "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent" activity. This calculation is in good, probably somewhat fortuitous agreement with the observed activity in the soot-equivalent to a 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentration of 58 ug/g. Since considerable effort has been devoted to animal toxicology experiments on a single large sample of soot, it is important to assess whether this sample is reasonably typical. The data in Table I indicates that the average PCB concentration in 16 samples collected above the ceiling panels at the BSOB is ( 7200; the PCB concentration in this sample is 5,000 ppm. " The average total PCDF concentration on 14 such samples was ppm; the total PCDF concentration in this sample is 320 ppm. The average ratio of total PCDF to PCB in the 12 samples for which this is well defined is .066; the ratio for this sample was .063. The proportions of tetra- penta-, and hexa CDFs in this sample are similar to those in the ceiling panel samples (Table II). the sample used in animal toxicology experiments appears Thus, �11 comparable to the samples collected from above the ceiling panels, based on presently available data. b. Cell Keratinization Assay Development of the cell keratinization assay based on an in vitro keratinization model (Knutson et al., 1981) has been pursued because of its potential use as an alternative or supplement to chemical analysis. Both applications demand that the biological and chemical methods generate mutually consistent results. One question can be answered fairly readily. Do the two methodologies agree which samples fall into particular broad categories of contamination? The samples and blanks run as part of this program exhibit four broad categories of contamination. Blanks did not exhibit positive responses in this assay. A single sample (floor 1) exhibited activity equivalent to 0.01 0.10 ppm 2,3,7,8-TCDD; chemical analysis detected only 0.2 ppm Tetra-CDF. Three samples (floors 4,6, and 14) exhibited activities near 0.10 - 1.0 ppm; chemical analysis confirmed low levels of PCDFs in these samples (total PCDFs of 51, 76, and 87 ppm). The remaining samples in which PCDFs were detected chemically exhibited activities ranging from 1.1 - 11 ppm to 5.3 ! - 53 ppm. Chemical analysis confirmed that these samples were more heavily contaminated (total PCDFs of 410 , 200, 320, 1200, 400, 750, and 670 ppm). Table V. These results are collected together in They suggest that the keratinization assay results correlate with chemical data. It is markedly more difficult to determine whether the activity observed in the cell keratinization assay is quantitatively consistent with chemical analysis. Little �12 published information exists to relate the keratiniation activities of the various compounds present in the soot to one another. However, the following assumptions will be made to permit a crude calculation: (1) The ratios of the activity of a particular dibenzofuran congener to 2,3,7,8-TCDF is equal to that of the ratio of the activity of the corresponding dibenzodioxin congener to 2,3,1,8-TCDD. assumption. (2) There is no direct support for this 2,3,7,8-Tetra CDF is 1/20 as active as 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Knutson et al., 1980). (3) Congeners not substituted at all four lateral positions are sufficiently inactive to be neglected. This assumption is based on comparison of the activities of 2,3-, 2,7-, 1,6-, 1,3,6,8-, 1,3,7,8-, and 2,3,7- chlorodibenzodioxins to 2,3,7,8-tetra CDD. al., 1980) (Table VI). (4) (Knutson et Introduction of a single additional chlorine on a 2,3,7,8 chlorinated nucleus decreases activity by a factor of 2. This assumption is based on a comparison of the activities of 1,2,3,7,8-Penta CDD and 2,3,7,8-tetra CDD (Knutson et al., 1980) (Table VI). (5) Introduction of two or more chlorines depresses activity sufficiently to make the activity of such compounds negligible. This assumption is based on comparison of the activities of 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexa CDD and 2,3,7,8-tetra CDD (Knutson et al., 1980) (Table VI). (6) Polychlorinated biphenylenes are 1/2 as active as the corresponding dibenzodioxin. This generalization is based on comparison of the activities of 2,3,6,7-tetra CB and 2,3,7,8-tetra CDD (Knutson et al., 1980) (Table VI). As a direct result of assumptions (3) and (5), the bulk of keratinization activity will reside in tetra- and penta- �13 chlorinated compounds. As already discussed, 2,3,7,8-tetra CDF is predicted to be by far the most active tetra CDF, and expected to constitute 50% of the tetra CDF mixture. Since 2,3,7,8-tetra CDF is 1/20 as active as 2,3,7,8-TCDD, the "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent" activity due to this compound can be obtained by dividing the total tetra CDF concentration by 40. Similarly, the "TCDD equivalent" activity of the two most active penta CDFs can be estimated by dividing the total penta CDF concentration by 80. The calculated "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent" activity due to PCDFs is compared to the experimentally observed value for a number of samples in Table VII. The PCDDs will make a significant contribution to the cell keratinizing activity of these samples; although they are estimated to be 1/50 to 1/100 as abundant as the PCDFs, they may be 20 times as potent in the assay. The polychlorinated biphenylenes may be even more important factors in this analysis. Stalling's data suggests that they may be 1/10 to 1/20 as abundant as the PCDFs. as active. However, they are reported to be 10 times Thus, the calculated values in Table VII are likely to be below the values that would be calculated if more complete t analytical data were available. However, in view of the large uncertainties present in these calculations and the data upon which they are based, the calculated and experimental data are in fair agreement. It should be noted that the soot sample used in the animal toxicology experiments exhibited a cell keratinizing activity of 2-20 ppm "2,3,7,8-TCDD Equivalents", and a calculated activity of 4 ppm due to PCDFs. This differs from the "2,3,7,8-TCDD �14 equivalents" calculated and observed in the animal toxicology experiments This does not represent a discrepancy in the data. Rather, it is due primarily to the large difference between the ratios of the guinea pig LD5Qs for 2,3,7,8-TCDF and 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and the corresponding ratios of cell keratinization activity. Conclusions (1) Available chemical data indicate that the relative concentrations of PCBs, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-CDFs, and total PCDF are similar in soot samples taken from above the ceiling panels of the BSOB, and in a sample collected by vacuum cleaner during the early stages of the clean-up. If this relationshiip is valid for samples collected at other times and from other locations, the PCB analysis can serve as a useful surrogate for the more difficult analytical procedures. (2) A soot sample exhibited an LDcQ in guinea pigs equivalent to 58 ppm 2,3,7,8-Tetra CDD. If certain assumptions are made about the chemical composition of this sample and the LD s of the compounds therein, it can be calculated that the PCDFs, tetra CDDs, and the biphenylenes should account for ca. 45 ppm "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent" activity. Since this calculation ignores other chlorinated dioxins, it is in good (probably fortuitous) agreement with the observed value. Based on these results, there appears to be no basis for proposing unusual synergistic or antagonistic effects among the components in this mixture. (3) The cell keratinization assay can reliably distinguish among samples containing widely differing concentrations of PCDFs. If certain assumptions are made about �15 the chemical composition of compounds therein, it can be calculated that the observed keratinizing activity in these extracts is generally plausible. (4) Chemical analysis and the cell keratinization assay suggest that the soot used in animal toxicology studies is fairly typical of the soot samples collected from above the ceiling pannels of the BSOB. �TABLE I Concentrations (ppm) of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans in. Soot Samples Taken From the Binghamton State Office Building Floor # PCBsa PCDFsb Tetra CDF 2 28 3 4 1300 1 6 5 840 7 8 9 2800 6600 1800 23000 10 11 12 9600 21000 11000 13 3400 14 15 930 10000 16 9200 17 Ave 3-4* 6500 7200 5000 0.2 <8g 16 220 23 190 70 320 140 250 d d 32 300 h 220 145 100 Penta CDF <0.2g <9g 21 280 36 180 79 440 170 360 d d 31 310 150h 260 165 120 Hexa CDF <0.3g <llg 13 180 14 35 32 290 84 260 d d e 56 89h 140 86 70 Hepta CDF <0.3g <12g 1.2 62 3 3.7 14 100 6.5 97 d d 5.8 71 33h 32 31 20 Octa CDF <0.3g <14g 1.2 21 0.5 -- 3 35 2 31 d d 2.8 17 llh 15 11 4 51 760 76 410 200 1200 400 1000 — 87 750 670 438 310 .027 .062 .11 .052 .042 .048 .094 .075 .103 .066 .062 Total PCDF Ratio Total PCDF cone. PCB c o n e . . 0 6 1 (a) quantitated as Arochlor 1254; data uncorrected for recovery (b) correction for recovery incorporated ( ) not sampled because of dissimilar ceiling construction c (d) data not used because of poor recovery of internal 37 C1-Tetra CDF standard (<10%) (e) data lost because of instrumental malfunction; for purposes of calculation of total PCDF, it is assummed that hexa CDF is % the concentration of penta ( f Table 2) c. (f) soot collected by vacuum cleaner and used in animal toxicology studies (g) detection limits are per congener, not per chlorination number data not corrected for recovery. Instrument malfunction caused loss of data on 37C1-Tetra CDF recovery �Table II Relative Proportions of Tetra-, Penta-, Hexa-, Hepta- and Octachlorodihenzofurans in Soot Samples Taken from the Binghamton State Office Buildinga Floor # 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 14 15 17 Aveb Tetra CDF 31 29 30 46 35 27 35 25 37 39 33 33 ± 5 32 Penta CDF 41 37 47 44 40 37 41 36 36 41 39 40 ± 3 38 Hexa CDF 25 24 18 9 16 24 21 26 -- 7 21 18 ± 7 22 2 8 4 1 7 8 2 10 7 10 5 6 ± 3 6 Hepta CDF 3-4° _ Octa CDF <1 3 1 <1 1 3 <! 3 (a) Expressed as percent of total PCDF in sample.' (b) Error limits represent one standard deviation. (c) Soot sample used in animal toxicology studies. 3 2 2 _-— 1 �CO Table III Comparison of Predicted3 (and Observed) Concentrations (ppm) of PCDFs in BSOB Soot Samples Floor # 1 3 4 9 6 10 11 14 15 17 3-4 Jetra CDF 0.6(0.2) 26( 8) 17(16) 56(23) 133(190) 39(70) 60(320) 190(140) 420(250) 19(32) 200(300) 130(220) 100(100) Penta CDF 0.9(<.2) 30(<9) 19(21) 64(36) 151(180) 45(79) 130(440) 220(170) 480(360) 21(31) 230(310) 150(260) 115(120) Hexa CDF 0.3(<.3) 16(<11) 10(13) 33(14) 79(35) 23(32) 70(290) 115(84) 250(260) 11C") 120(56) 78(140) 60(70) Hepta CDF 0.1(<.3) 5.6(<12) 3.6(1.2) .6(1.2) 12(3) 28(3.7) 8.4(14) 99(100) 41(6.5) 90(97) 5(5.8) 43(71) 28(32) 22(20) Octa CDF .04(<.3) 1.3(<1.2) 4.2(0.5) 10(--) 35(35) 15(2) 32(31) 1.4(2.8 15(17) 10(15) 84 () Total PCDF 1.9 2(<13) 80 51(51) 3(3) .400(1200) (a) Prediction based on PCB levels and average ratio calculated in Table I and II 580(400) 1300(1000) 57(87) 610(754) 400(670) 300(310) �19 Table IV Influence of Structure and Chlorination Pattern on Guinea Pig Oral LD5Qs (Male, Hartley, 200-250g) Compound LD3 U • <f «— cn(ug/kg) 2,3,7,8-Tetra CDD 2.5a 2,3,7,8-Penta CDF 5-10b 1,2,3,7,8-Penta CDD 3.1° 1,2,3 ,4,7,8-Hexa CDD 73C 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa CDD 60-100° 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa CDD 70-100° 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta CDD >600° 1,2,4,7,8-Penta CDD 1,125° 2,3,7-Tri CDD 29,444° 2,8-Di CDD 730,000° a J.B. Silkworth, D. McMartin, A.P. DeCaprio, R. Rej, S. Kumar and L. Kaminsky (1981). Acute toxicity in guinea pigs and rabbits of soot from a polychlorinated biphenyl-containing transformer fire, N.Y. State Dept. of Health Report, January 6, 1982. J.A. Moore, E.E. McConnell, D.W. Dalgard, and M.W. Harris (1979). Comparative toxicity of three halogenated dibenzofurans in guinea pigs, mice and thesus monkeys. NY Acad. Sci. 320, 151-163. °E.E. McConnell, J.A. Moore, J.K. Baseman, and M.W. Harris (1978). The comparative toxicity of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in mice and guinea pigs. Toxi co 1. Pharmacol. 44, 335-356. 0 �Table V o CSl Comparison of the Observed Keratinization Activities with Total PCDF Concentrations Observed Floor I "2,3,7,8-TCDD Equivalents(ppm) Total PCDF Concentrations 1 . 1 1 0 - 6 0.1-1.0 76 4 .11-1.1 51 14 .12-1.2 87 3 1.2-12 b 9 1.1-11 1200 8 1.6-16 200 3-4a 2-20 310 10 3.2-32 400 15 4.0-40 750 17 4.0-40 670 7 5.3-53 410 a Soot used in animal toxicology experiments •L^ Total concentration not defined, (cf. Table I) b (ppm) �21 Table VI Influence of Structure and Chlorination Pattern on Relative Activity in the Cell Keratinization Assay3. Compound Relative Activity 2,3,7,8-Tetra CDD 1 2,3,7,8-Tetra CDF 0.05 2,3/6,7-Tetrachlorobiphenylene 0.5 1,2,3,7,8-Penta CDD 0.5 2,3,7-Tri CDD 0.01 1,3,7,8-Tetra CDD 0.01 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa CDD 0.005 1,3,6,8-Tetra CDD < .003 1,6,-DiCDD < .001 i 2.7-DiCDD < .001 2.3-DiCDD < .001 (a) Data adapted from J.C. Knutson and A. Poland (1980). Keratinization of mouse teratoma cell line XB produced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: an in vitro model of toxicity, Cell 22, 27-36. �Table VII Comparison of the Observed Keratinization Activity in BSOB Soot Samples with Value Predicted based on PCDF Concentrations « Floor # Observed "2,3,7,8-TCDD equi Lents" (ppm) Calculated "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents" (ppm) PCDFs only 1 .Ol-.l (b) 6 0.1-1.0 1 4 .11-1.1 1 14 .12-1.2 1 3 1.2-12 (b) 9 1.1-11 10 8 1.6-16 3 3-4a 2-20 4 10 3.2-32 6 15 4.0-40 10 17 4.0-40 9 7 5.3-53 7 (a) -(b) Sample used for animal toxicology studies, PCDFs not detected in chemical analysis. �; 23 REFERENCES Gierthy, J.P. and Prenkel, G.D. (1982). A preliminary report on the c.,-aluation of an In Vitro assay for the detection of "dioxin-like" activity using extracts of soot from the Binghamton State Office Building. New York State Department of Health Report, January, 1982. Knutson, J.C. and Poland, A. (1980). Keratinization of mouse cell line XB produced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: an in vitro model of toxicity. Cell, 22, 27-36. Poland, A., and Glover, E. (1977). Chlorinated biphenyl induction of aryl hydrocarbon hyudroxylase activity: the structure-activity relationship. a study of Mol. Pharmacol., 13, 924-38. Rappe, C. (1981) Report on the analysis of Binghamton soot. Report, University of Umea, Sweden, 1981. Silkworth, J. , McMartin, D., DeCaprio, A., Re j, R. , O'Keefe, P., and Kaminsky, L. (1982). Acute toxicity in guinea pigs and rabbits of soot from a polychlorinated biphenyl-containing transformer fire. January 6, 1982. New York State Department of Health Report, �'> • I A 'i 24 i Smith, R.M., O'Keefe, P.W. , Hilker, D.L., Jelus-Tyror, B.L., and Aldous, K. (1981a). Analysis of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in a soot sample from a transformer explosion in Binghamton, New York. New York State Department of Health Report, February 20, 1981. Smith, R.M., Hilker, D.L., O'Keefe, P.W., Kumar, S., O'Brien, J., Jelus-Tyror, B.L., and Aldous, K. (1981b) Analysis of a Binghamton soot sample for tetrachlorodibenzofurans and tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins. New York State Department of Health Report, October 1, 1981. Smith, R.M., Hilker, D., O'Keefe, P.W., Kumar, S., Aldous, K., and Jelus-Tyror, B. (1982). Determination of polychlorinated dibenzofurans and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins in soot samples from a contaminated office building. New York State Department of Health Report, March, 1982. Stalling, D.L., (1981) Chlorinated dibenzofurans and related compounds in soot formed in a transformer fire in Binghamton, ( N.Y., Preliminary Report, Columbia National Fisheries REsearch Laboratory, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 087 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2193 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Eadon, G. K. Aldous G. Frenkel J. Gierthy D. Hilker L. Kaminsky P. O'Keefe J. Silkworth R. Smith Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-03-01 Title A name given to the resource Comparisons of Chemical and Biological Data on Soot Samples From the Binghamton State Office Building Subject The topic of the resource BSOB PCBs analytical studies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 123 Folder The folder containing the original item. 3441 Series The series number of the original item. Series VI Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource O'Keefe, P. W. R. Smith C. Meyer D. Hilker K. Aldous B. Jelus-Tyror Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of Chromatography Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Title A name given to the resource Modification of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic-Gas Chromatographic Procedure for Separation of the 22 Tetrachlorodibenzo -p- Dioxin Isomers https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/acd6fa44b38089188cb031e79efe0a0f.pdf 0ebcb5f74ee0c653b4933c7c5d068ef0 PDF Text Text Item D Number 02237 Author Eadon, G. Corporate Author Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State ROpOPt/APtlClO Titlfl Typescript: Chemical Data on Air Samples From the Binghamton State Office Building Journal/Book Title Yoar Month/Day Color Number of Images 1983 J"i y n D 14 Descriptor) Notes Thursday, September 20, 2001 Page 2237 of 2293 �Chemical Data on Air Samples From the Binghamton State Office Building G. Eadon, K. Aldous, D. Hilker, P. O'Keefe and R. Smith 11 1933 DIRECTOR HEALTH Center for Laboratories and Research New York State Department of Health Albany, New York 12201 �Abstract Air samples collected at 15 distinct locations and/or times within the Binghamton State Office Building have been analyzed for various chlorinated dibenzofurans, dibenzodioxins and biphenylenes. The average 2,3,7,8-TCDF concentration from twelve locations sampled when the building's internal air circulation system was operative was 15.0 + 3.6 pg/m . Samples collected at six locations under similar conditions and analyzed using a cleanup methodology designed to recover the full range of compounds of interest had "total TCDF" and total Penta O CDF" concentrations of 143 + 24 pg/m respectively. O and 42 + 10 pg/m , "Total hexa CDF" was measured at 4.8 + 3.5 pg/m three samples collected under these conditions. in "Total TCDD" concentrations at two locations were 1.0 and 1.3 pg/m , while "total Penta CDD" concentration was < 0.5 pg/m at both locations. Measurement of 2,3,7,8-TCDD at two locations gave concentrations of 0.3 < 3 and 0.5 pg/m . "Total tetrachlorobiphenylenes" were estimated at 0.3, 0.5 and 1.3 pg/m at three locations and "total pentachloro- biphenylenes" at 1.5 and 2.6 pg/m in two locations. A methodology used with apparent success to calculate the "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent" concentration in a sample of soot collected in the BSOB was applied to this data to estimate that the overall activity present in the air was ca. 14 pg/m "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents." �3 The air of the Binghamton State Office Building (BSOB) was sampled for various chlorinated dibenzofurans, dibenzodioxins and biphenylenes in November 1982 (Smith et al., 1983), February 1983 (Smith et al., 1983a) and April 1983 (Smith et al., 1983b). Detailed descriptions of the method development and validation, analytical methodologies and quality control data have already been provided; the intent of this paper is to summarize the results obtained from the analysis of BSOB air and to use that data to calculate the approximate "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent concentration" (Eadon et al., 1982) that these results correspond to. Chemical Data Table 1 contains the analytical data generated during the three samplings of BSOB air. The samples collected in 11/82 were obtained with the internal air circulation system inoperative? therefore, these results will not be referred to in subsequent discussions. Samples collected at 12 different locations on 2/83 and 4/83 had average 2,3,7,8-TCDF concentrations of 15.0 + 3.6 pg/m represent one standard deviation). (error limits The relatively small standard deviation for this large data set for 2,3,7,8-TCDF demonstrates that the compound is fairly uniformly distributed from floor to floor. Since this compound's relevant physical and chemical properties are similar to those of the other analytes discussed in this paper, it is possible that they too are rather uniformly distributed. The more limited data set contained in Table 1 for other classes of compounds is consistent with this proposal. �4 Because 2,3,7,8-TCDF concentrations were determined using an internal standard technique, all data are considered accurate. However, it is believed that "total TCDF" and "total penta CDF" data produced from the 11/82 and 2/83 samplings may underestimate the actual concentrations of these compounds; for example, during analyses of the 2/83 samples, it was observed that only two of three penta CDF standards were adequately recovered during cleanup of spiked samples (Smith et al., 1983a). The methodology used in the cleanup of the 4/83 samples was modified to permit recovery of a broader range of compounds. These data now provide the most reliable estimate of the concentrations of the remaining compounds and groups of isomers of interest and will therefore be used in subsequent discussions. Six locations sampled on 4/83 exhibited an average "total TCDF" o concentration of 148 + 24 pg/m and a "total Penta CDF" concentration of 42 «_ 10 pg/m . Total Hexa CDF averaged 4.8+3.5 + — pg/m at three of the locations. In three samples collected at two • locations, "total TCDD" averaged 1.2 + 0.2 pg/m3 and 2,3,7,8-TCDD 3 3 averaged 0.4 + . 1 pg/rn ; "total Penta CDD" was < 0.5 pg/m . Since no quantitative standards were available for the biphenylenes, only estimates of their concentrations were generated. However, three locations exhibited "total tetrachlorobiphenylene" concentrations of roughly 0.3, 0.5 and 1.3 pg/m 3 , and two locations exhibited "total pentachlorobiphenylene" concentrations of 1.5 and 2.6 pg/m . Several interesting comparisons can be made between the data produced from these air samples and those produced from soot samples ^ �5 collected from above the ceiling panels on various BSOB floors (Eadon et al. , 1982). In 12 soot samples, the ratio of tetra CDFrpenta CDF: hexa CDF was 1.2 + 0.2:1:0.5 ± 0.2. The corresponding relationship produced from the air data summarized above is 3.5 + 0.6:1:0.11 + .02. This increase in the relative concentrations of the less chlorinated and thus more volatile congeners suggests that the air contamination may not be predominantly due to suspended soot particles but may instead be true vapor-phase material. Consistent with this hypothesis, when the particulate material collected using a 0.3 u glass fiber filter was analyzed separately from the silica cartridge portion of the air sampling apparatus, only minor amounts of PCDFs were detected. >For example, three samples in which the glass fiber filter and silica cartridge were analyzed separately, the ratio of "total TCDF" in the two collection media was 0.04 + .01 (Smith et al., 1983a, 1983b). Air samples collected simultaneously with those used for PCDF analysis exhibited PCB concentrations of 0.16 + .02 ug/m (Versar, 1983). This concentration corresponds to a PCB:"total TCDF" ratio of 1200; the ratio in soot was 50. Here, too, the relative concentration of the more volatile component has been markedly enhanced. Calculation of "2,3,7,8-TCDD Equivalents" The assessment of the biological activity of a complex mixture of chlorinated dibenzofurans, dibenzodioxins, and biphenylenes is complicated by the lack of definitive knowledge of the toxicities of most of the individual congeners, by the inability to accurately analyze �6 all congeners and by the possibility of synergistic or antagonistic interactions among these compounds. The most straightforward approach to this problem is to utilize the techniques of animal toxicology to compare the biolgoical activity of the mixture to that of a reference compound. This approach, when applied to a representative sample of soot taken from the BSOB led to the conclusion that the acute oral LD,-n in guinea pigs of the soot was equivalent to that of an inert matrix containing 58 ug/g of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Badon et al. , 1982). Because of the differing chemical composition of the contaminants present in the air and in the soot, this number has little direct applicability for estimating the biological activity of compounds present in the air. Further, the concentrations present in the air are so low that performing further animal toxicology experiments to estimate the air's biological activity is impractical. An alternative approach to this problem is to utilize available Si analytical and toxicological data together with necessary assumptions . and approximations to estimate the number of "TCDD equivalents" due to particular contaminants, and then summing the overall activity over the range of toxic compounds. Although such an approach is obviously only an estimate, it is notable that, when applied to the soot sample used in the animal toxicology experiments, it produced an estimate of the "TCDD equivalent" concentration that agreed remarkably well with the animal toxicology experimentation. (44 ug/g calculated vs. 58 ug/g observed). The important conclusion was reached that the acute oral LD of the soot could be estimated without the necessity of postulating major synergistic or antagonistic effects (Eadon et al.r 1982). �7 Use of chemical data to "predict" the 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent" concentration of the BSOB air is complicated by the fact that no animal toxicology data is available on the effects of inhalation of these compounds. As a consequence, it is necessary to assume that acute oral guinea pig LD^s can be used to relate the air's overall activity to 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Another complication is that only limited data is available on the acute oral guinea pig LD,_0s of dibenzodioxins and no such data is available on biphenylenes or dibenzof urans other than 2,3 ,7,8-TCDF. The following assumptions will therefore be made about the LDcns of these compounds: (1) The ratio of the LD s Of a particular PCDP congener and 2,3,7,8-TCDF or of a particular polychlorinated biphenylene congener and 2 ,3 ,6,7-tetrachlorobiphenylene will be the same as the ratio of the LD5Qs of the corresponding PCDD congener and 2,3,7,8-TCDD. There is presently very little experimental data to support this assumption. \ (2) The LD5Qs of PCDFs , PCDDs and polychlorinated biphenylenes lacking chlorines on at least one of the four lateral positions will be sufficiently high that their influence can be ignored in this calculation. This assumption is based on the LD5Qs in guinea pigs of 2,8-diCDD, 2 ,3 ,7-triCDD, and 1 ,2,4,7, 8-penta-CDD. All have LD5Qs more than 450 times higher than that of 2,3 ,7,8-Tetra CDD itself (Table II). (3) Introduction of a single additional chlorine substituent on a 2,3 ,7,8-substituted PCDD or PCDF congener or a 2,3 ,6,7-substituted polychlorinated biphenylene congener has essentially no effect on the congener's guinea pig LDcn. This assumption is based on comparison of the LD5Qs of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 1,2,3 ,7, 8-penta-CDD (Table II). �8 (4) Introduction of two additional chlorine substituents on a 2,3 ,7 ,8-chlorinated PCDD or PCDP congener or a 2 ,3 ,6 ,7-substituted polychlorinated biphenylene congener raises its LD5Q by a factor of at least 29 . The assumption is based on comparison of the LD^s of 1,2,3,4,7,8-, 1,2,3,6,7,8-, and 1 ,2 ,3 ,7 ,8,9-hexa CDD and 2,3 ,7 ,8-tetra CDD (Table II). (5) The LDcns of compounds with more than 6 chlorines will be DU sufficiently large that their influence can be ignored in this calculation. This assumption is based on comparison of the LD5Qs of 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-hapta CDD and 2,3 ,7 ,8-teura CDD (Table II). These assumptions require that attention be focused only on 2,3 ,7,8-substituted tetra, penta and hexa-substituted PCDDs , PCDFs and biphenylenes . Measurements of 2,3,7,8-TCDF concentrations at 12 different locations with the internal air circulation system operative 2 gave average concentrations of 15.0 Hr 3.6 pg/m ; since the data in Table II indicate that the LD5Q of 2 ,3,7,8-tetra CDF is about three • times that of 2,3 ,7,8-TCDD, the equivalent in terms of acute oral guinea pig toxicity to a 2 ,3 ,7,8-TCDD concentration is 5 pg/m (Table III). Measurements at 6 different locations all taken with the interval air circulation system operative and using an optimized analytical methodology yielded total penta CDFs of 42 +_ 10 pg/m . Based on earlier soot data, it is conservatively assumed that the most toxic isomers (1,2,3,7,8- and 2,3 ,4 ,7 ,8-penta CDF) together constitute 50% of the penta CDFs and that their LD5Qs equal that of 2,3,7,8-TCDF; thus, o the penta CDFs contribute 7.0 pg/m of 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents. Hexa-CDFs were present at total concentrations of 4.8 pg/m samples. in three Based on dioxin studies, the most toxic hexa substituted �9 dioxins are ca 1/30 as toxic as 2,3,1,8-TCDD; to account for the differing toxicities of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF it will be concluded that the hexa-CDFs contribute less than 0.1 pg/m TCDD equivalents, a negligible number in comparison to the contributions of the tetra- and penta- CDF. The PCDDs themselves also make only a small contribution to the "TCDD equivalent" concentrations present in the air of the BSOB. ThusA o 2,3,7,8-TCDD was present at an average concentration of 0.4 pg/m , corresponding to a contribution of 0.4 pg/m TCDD equivalent. Total Penta CDD was below detection limit (0.5 pg/m ; and therefore can make only a negligible contribution to the "TCDD equivalent" concentration. Total tetrachlorobiphenylenes were roughly 'estimated at 0.7 pg/m . If the conservative assumptions are made that the toxic 2,3,6,7 congener constitutes 50% of the mixture and that biphenylenes are as toxic as the corresponding dioxins, the tetrachlorinated biphenylenes ^ contribute 0.4 pg/rn3 "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents." Pentachlorobiphenylenes averaged 2.1 pg/m . are made, this corresponds to 1.1 pg/m If similar assumptions "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents." Insufficient sample was available to attempt a measurement of hexa-biphenylenes; however, in view of the factor of 30 estimated difference in toxicity between tetra and hexa substituted compounds, the hexa-biphenylenes are unlikely to be major contributors to the "TCDD. equivalents" in the BSOB air. Based on these calculations, the concentration of "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents" in the BSOB air is estimated at 13.5 pg/m ; ca. 90% of this estimated activity resides in the tetra and penta CDF isomers (Table III). �10 Conclusions The concentrations of the principal compounds of concern in the air of the BSOB have been measured. These experiments have provided evidence suggesting that the contamination in the BSOB air is fairly uniformly distributed throughout the working space of the building in floors 3-17 and is in the gas phase, rather than particulate bound. Based on the results of chemical analysis, literature-derived acute oral guinea pig LDggS and a variety of assumptions, it was estimated that the air contains ca. 14 pg/m3 "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents." �References Eadon, G., Aldous, K., Frenkel, G., Gierthy, J., Hilker, D., Kaminsky, L., O'Keefe, P., Silkworth, J., and Smith, R. (1982). Comparison of Chemical and Biological Data on Soot Samples from the Binghamton State Office Building, New York State Department of Health Report. Smith, R.M., Hilker, D., O'Keefe, P., and Aldous, K. (1983). Determination of TCDFs and TCDDs in Air Samples from the Sixteenth Floor of the Binghamton State Office Buildng, New York State Department of Health Report, March 16, 1983. Smith, R.M., Hilker, D., O'Keefe, P. .and Aldous, K. (1983a). Determination of Tetra-Hexa CDFs and Tetra CDDS in Air Samples from the 11,14,16, and 17th Floors of the Binghamton State Office Building, New York State Department of Health Report, May 16, 1983. Smith, R.M., Hilker, D., O'Keefe, P. and Aldous, K. (1983b). Determination of Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, Dibenzodioxins and Biphenylenes in Air Samples from the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th Floors of. the Binghamton State Office Building, New York State Department of Health Report, in preparation. Versar New York Inc. (1983). Determination of the Ratios of Toxic Chemicals in the Air in the BSOB: PCB Analysis, Versar New York Report, May 23, 1983. �Table I Concentrations of Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, Dibenzodioxins, and Biphenylenes Determined 1n 11/82, 2/83, and 4/83 Samplings of the BSOB1'2 "TOTAL PENTACDF" "TOTAL TCDF" 2,3,7,8-TCDF LOCATION3 DATE 16th, NE 16th, SE 16th, NW 16th, SW 17th, NW 16th, NW 14th, NW 14th, NE llth, SE & NW 11th, NW llth, NW 11/82 11/82 11/82 11/82 2/83 2/83 2/83 2/83 2/83 2/83 4/83 14 pg/m3 13 pg/m3 9.2 pg/m3 7,0 pg/m3 11.5 pq/m3 16 pq/m3 11 pq/m3 14 pg/m3 16 pg/m3 23 pq/m3 97 78 55 52 71 118 92 185 133 76 pg/m3 pg/m3 pg/m3 pg/m3 pg/m3 pg/m3 pg/m? .pg/m3 pg/m3 . pg/m3 9th, SE 9th, NW 4/83 4/83 14 pq/m3 16 pq/m3 150 pq/m3 14^5 pq/m3 7th, NW 5th, NW 3rd, NW 5th, NE AVERAGE CONCENTRATION 4/83 4/83 4/83 4/83 11 11 16 20 pq/m3 pg/m3 pq/m33 pq/ffi 121 'pq/m' 126 pq/m3 151 pq/m3 195 pq/m3 15.0+ 3-6 pg/m3 148+24 Pg/W3 OTHER "TOTAL TCDD" <1,2 pg/m3 "TOTAL TCDD" <1.3 pg/m3 "TOTAL TCDD" <1,3 pg/m3 17 21 21 13 19 16 pg/m3 pg/m3 ps/ni3 pg/m3 pg/m3 pq/m3 ., "TOTAL TCDD" 1.0 pq/m3; 2,3,7,8-TCDD 0.3 pq/m3 "TOTAL PENTACDDs" <0.5 pg/m3} "PENTACHLOROBIPKENYLENES 2.5 pq/m3 "TOTAL HEXACDF" 3.7 pg/m3 "TOTAL TCDD" 1.3 pg/m3-, 2,3,7,8'TCDD 0.5 pg/m3 ""OTAL PENTACDDs" <0.5 pg/m3} "PENTACHLOR03IPHENYLENES 1.4 pg/m3 "TETRACHLOROBIPHENYLENES" 0.5 pg/m3 "TOTAL HEXACDF" 2,0 pg/m3. 5th. MW; 8.7 pg/m3 'Sth, 'NE "TETRACHLOROBIPHENYLENES" 1,3 pq/m3 "TETRACHLOROBIPHENYLENES" 0.3 pc;/m3 "TOTAL HEXACDF"4,8i3..5Pg/ni3; "TOTAL TCDD" 1.2 + 0.2 pg/m3 2,3,7,8^TCDD 0.4 + ,1 pg/m3-, "TOTAL PENTACDD" <0.5 pg/m3 "TETRACHLOROBIPHENYLENES" 0.7 +0,5 pg/m3 "PENTACHLOROBJPHENYLENES" 2,1 +, .5 pg/m3 l Undf!r]incd data were collected with tho building's internal circulation system operative and analyzed using most current methodology. These results are considered to be the most reliable indicators of the building's current condition and are therefore the basis of all subsequent calculations and discussions. * "^abstracted8 (Sml"!! e^af^T' 8n?lyt1cB] Pro«.dur«» an£i Witty control/quality assurance procedures are detailed in the papers from which these data 3 Average concentrations calculated using underlined (best) values only; error limits equal one standard deviation, �Table II. Influence of Structure and Chiorination Pattern on Guinea Pi a Oral LD5Qs (Male, Hartley, 200-250g) Compound LD5Q(ug/kg) 2,3,7,8-Tetra CDD 2,3,7,8-Tetra CDF 1,2,3,7,8-Penta CDD 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexa CDD 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexa CDD 2.5a 5-10b 3.1C 73C 60-100C 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexa CDD 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Hepta CDD 1,2,4,7,8-Penta CDD 2,3,7-TH CDD 2,8-Di CDD 70-100° > 600C 1,125C 29,444C 730,000° a J.B. Silkworth, D. McMartin, A.P. DeCaprio, R. Rej, P. O'Keefe and L. Kaminsky (1982), Acute toxicity in guinea pigs and rabbits of soot from a polychlorinated biphenylcontaining transformer fire, Toxicol.Appl. Pharmacol. 65, 425-39. J.A. Moore, E.E. McConnell, D.W. Dalgard, and M.W. Harris (1979). Comparative toxicity of three halogenated dibenzofurans in guinea pigs, mice and rhesus monkeys. NY Acad. Sci. 320, 151-163. C E.E. McConnell, J.A. Moore, J.K. Haseman, and M.W. Harris (1978). The comparative toxicity of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in mice and guinea pigs. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 44, 335-356. �Table III. Calculation of "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents," Due to Various Dibenzofurans, Dibenzodioxins and Biphenylenes Relative Activity of Relative Activity Compound Class Due to Chlorine vs. Dibenzobioxins X Substitution = Best Estimate of Concentration X 2,3,7,8-TCDF 15 pg/m3 X 1/3 X 1 5 pg/m3 Penta CDFs 42 pg/m3 2a X 1/3 X 1 7 pg/m3 Hexa CDFs 3 4.8 pg/m 2a X 1/3 X 1/30 X 1 X 1 0.4 rg/m3 1,2,3,7,8-Penta CDD < 0.5 pg/m3 X 2a 1 X 1 < 0.3 pg/m3 2,3,6, 7-Tetrachl orobi phenyl ene 1 0.7 pg/m3 X 2a X 1 0.4 pg/m3 1 ,2,3,6,7-Pentachlorobiphenylene 1 2.1 pg/m3 X 2a X 1 2,3,7,8-TCDD Q.c. pg/m3 = = "2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents" < 0.1 pg/m3 > 1 pg/m3 ca. 14 pg/m3 When isomer-specific data are unavailable, it is assumed that 1/2 of the "total" value corresponds to 2,3,7,8-(dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans) or 2,3,6,7(biphenylene) substituted compounds. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 088 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2237 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Eadon, G. K. Aldous D. Hilker P. O'Keefe R. Smith Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 11 1983 Title A name given to the resource Typescript: Chemical Data on Air Samples From the Binghamton State Office Building Subject The topic of the resource BSOB ambient air sampling dioxin