1 15 40 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 069 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1873 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wellington, The Evening Post Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 18 1980 Title A name given to the resource Wellington Decision to Spray 2,4,5-T Arouses Outcry Subject The topic of the resource herbicide application ecological impact public opinion Australia ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 043 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1022 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rogers, Paul Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Health and Environment Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Title A name given to the resource Veterans and Pesticides Subject The topic of the resource Australia herbicide properties veteran health and hygiene human exposure ao_seriesIII https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/dfee1d4290d6394687caf11d5e8448ef.pdf 924da4bd0bfc15c1fcba80ce76c4cc92 PDF Text Text Item D Number °2106 Author Corporate Author Report/Article Title Two articles related to testimony by Ranch Hand navigator, Jon Dudenhoeffer Journal/Book Title Year 000 ° Month/Day Color D Number of Images 3 DBSCrlptOIl NotBS Articles accompanied by handwritten note signed by Colonel Charles Hubbs, Ranch Hand pilot, whose testimony was also mentioned in one of the articles Tuesday, August 21, 2001 Page 2106 of 2109 ��US air navigator felt 'nauseous' on every herbicide spraying run A LEAD navigator in the US Ranch Hand defoliation program In Vietnam said yesterday he had been nauseous on every mission. Lieutenant-Colonel Jon Dudenhoeffer, retired, told the Evatt Royal Commission into the effects of chemicals on Australian personnel in Vietnam that his aircraft had twice sprayed friendly troops. It is believed the Evatt commission may go to the US, as. well as Vietnam, as part of its inquiries. Colonel Dudenhoeffer told the commission the Ranch Hand aircrew were known as "gung ho? because they flew low and slow over known enemy positions. He said the 1000-gallon loads of herbicide would be rapidly dumped if an aircraft lost power in one engine. Herbicide would be sprayed on the correct area because the navigators were highly skilled. Radio navigation aids were used to determine the aircraft's distance and bearing from several points, and each four-minute spraying run was timed with a stopwatch. Ranch Hand was considered a dangerous mission and the aircrew considered themselves, to be "somewhat elite". The navigators were outstanding and excelled in reading contours and finding features in jungle terrain.x The herbicide load was dropped from 150ft and was always "on the money". Spraying began at early light when the wind was calmest and would not continue if the wind was above 10 knots, Spraying defoliant on grassland or delta produced a demarcation "as though it had been drawn with a pencil and ruler". Enemy ground fire was common on spraying missions, and the herbicide would be dumped in 30 seconds if the aircraft was crippled. Colonel Dudenhoeffer said his aircraft had dumped its herbicide twice. The C123 aircraft used for spraying could not fly on one engine with a full tank. The tank and pressure hoses were regularly hit by enemy ground fire, spraying herbicide inside the aircraft and over the crew. Insecticide spraying over camps was done by a silver air- ' craft nicknamed "Patches" because of its numerous repairs after enemy hits. It wa& also known as "Bug Bird". Aircrew flying insecticide flights spraying malathlon were given weekly blood tests, but this was not done for herbicide mission crews. Colonel Dudenhoeffer told Mr Adrian Mclnnes QC, ' representing the Australian Vietnam Veterans Association, there were mistakes in reports completed by the lead navigator of each mission. He said the Ranch Hand group did not spray herbicides around camp perimeters. A Ranch Hand pilot. Colonel Charles Hubbs, retired, said he was frequently covered in herbicide when the aircraft's spray tank was holed by enemy fire. Colonel Hubbs said he had flown 411 combat missions in Vietnam and his aircraft was hit 104 times on one mission. If the spray tank was holed, the flight engineer was drcn- | ched as he attempted to shut the pump, the entire crew was enveloped in a heavy mist of herbicide, and the aircraft floor became slick with herbicide. He was not wringing wot bvit could feel the oily herbicide on his skin. He said all the Ranch Hand aircraft were silver when he went to Vietnam in June 1966 but they were later painted in camouflage design except the one used for insecticide. Meanwhile, the administrative manager of the Commonwealth Institute of Health's Australian Veterans Health Studies, Mr Robert Pople, said' he believed Mr Justice Evatt i was planning to go to the United States as part of the commission. Mr Pople, addressing the United Services Institute of NSW, a subsidiary of the Royal United Services Institute of Australia, said the second part of the Veterans Health Studies - a review of mortality of Vietnam veterans in comparison with men who did not go to Vietnam - had been completed. The report was being written and would be sent to the Federal Department of Health. The Institute of Health was also preparing for a study of about 5500 veterans on the incidences of illness, requiring medical examinations to be conducted on all participants. Mr Pople said it was now up to the Government to decide whether it wanted the study, or a smaller neuropsychiatric study of 2000 veterans. �Friendly troops sprayed in error, commission told , _ , „ , , ; ., j. ^ ^ ':_ , ,jju, ~ ._*...& '. - , i ^^ By ELIZABETH FORTESCUB smell even in your own quarters, because it was embedded in your Accidental sprayings of friend- clothes," he said. ly .forces with chemicals, and He told Mr, O'Kcefe that crewi emergency aerial 'dumpings of on aircraft used to spray inhundreds of gallons of herbicides, secticides — nick-named "bug were yesterday described before birds" — underwent 'weekly blood the Royal Commission into the tests to check the level of the ineffects of chemical agents on secticide Malathion. but no tests Australian personnel in Vietnam^ were carried out on herbicide mission crews. A former Lieutenant Colonel in' He flew an average of two misthe US Air Force, Mr Jon Duden- sions .daily, weather permitting, and hoeffer, told the Commission that they were "all on the money — I while he was a navigator on aerial mean, exact.** . . '• herbicide missions in South Viet, "We kept »t a minimum of 150 nam he twice observed, chemicals knots so we. could . get above the being accidentally dropped on' deadly zone of 400 feet quickly,* •: fn'endly-troops. «^Ka<-»i%T^tf«i'"-."-"' " " j M Mr Dudenhoeffer, now 'a PennMost missions took ground fire sylvania businessman, said he and the number of planes on any ,5ft»uld see troops and tanks on the one mission ranged from three to JCfiad beneath the plane. 12. _*He told Mr Barry O'Keefe, QC, "If one aircraft had wn engine counsel fof.ithe ch? <na ,w« would *bb4 the mis-. Monsanto / rtgnVthbre becau«( 4t> alwayf '- the content! „ care oftwe anoth$RV *» tanks used oh spraying . mij . t - ha\-e Tlown missions wher*'could be "dumped!':in. 30 secjonds ypu can see people running out of to enable the'( plane to gain height their huts with their weapons \ejuickly if it came under fire. :: % | right at you." "They couldn't fly on one engine .aiming Dudenhocffer said that the Mr with a full (herbicide) tank," Mr same flight path was never followed Dudenhoeffer said. . He had dumped herbicide once on two consecutive days because and knew of one other similar, in- the enemy "would be waiting for ,'"; cident. Agent Orange constituted \}s the next day." about 70 per cent of all chemicals , He had been on board an aircraft in which the right wing's used on spraying missions 'and Agent Blue was epecially popular spray boom was shot off find the herbicide "ran out all over the for crop destruction. - ' •'. ,; Mr Dudenhoeffer said he flew, on plane." Mr Dndenhoeffcr, tpjd Mr Adraircraft in Operation Ranch Hand — the systematical aerial defolia- ian Mclnnes, QC, counsel for the tion of jungle by the US Air Force the Vietnam Veterans' Association, that he hsd never sprayed Nui Dat — as a lead navigator, deputy lead navigator or,"; instructor. During — the Australian base in South loading of the herbicide tanks Vietnam — and that he hail never heard of the base. there was chemical spillage. The hearing contmies today. "You 'were conscious of the A former US Air Force pilot on the Ranch Hand Defoliant Program in Vietnam, Colonel Charles Hubbs (retired) was giving evidence at the Evatt Royal Commission in cannon fire stacatto. A QC cautioned the onetime fighter pilot that if his speed of delivery approached Mach 1 (the speed of sound), even the competent shorthand writers would have trouble getting his evidence down. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 084 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2106 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Two articles related to testimony by Ranch Hand navigator, Jon Dudenhoeffer Subject The topic of the resource Australia Agent Orange controversy Ranch Hand crew ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 070 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1890 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Worldwide Report, Environmental Quality Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Title A name given to the resource Secret Imports of Agent Orange Suspected in Birth Defects Increase Subject The topic of the resource Australia congenital birth defects dioxin ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 075 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1950 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Corporate Author: Vietnam Veterans Association of Australia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-11-01 Title A name given to the resource Report: Submission to the Royal Commission on the Use and Effects of Chemical Agents on Australian Personnel in Vietnam Subject The topic of the resource human exposure herbicide toxicology veteran health and hygiene Australia ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 084 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2108 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Report missing title page: Contents relate to pesticide exposure in Vietnam and Australia Subject The topic of the resource Australia pesticide toxicology human exposure Southeast Asia ao_seriesIII https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/34f108afc88ce18aa62d57a4ecbc4482.pdf dcb0acfe3b7e27fb60e53a1fb8004b6e PDF Text Text Item D Number 01953 Author Corporate Author ROpOrt/ArtJClO TitlO Partial Diagram of the Organizational Structure of the Australian Parliament Journal/Book Title YBar 1933 Month/Day December 19 Color Numbor of Images 2 DOSCnptOn NotBS Diagram is hand-drawn and highlights the Velerans Affairs section. Along with the diagram is a slip marked "from Bruce Manning." Monday July 30 2001 Pago 1958 of 1993 �£ hi �t)(T �5F r* v^ >x • � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 076 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1958 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 19 1983 Title A name given to the resource Partial Diagram of the Organizational Structure of the Australian Parliament Subject The topic of the resource Australia ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 038 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0859 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Corporate Author: National Health and Medical Research Council Title A name given to the resource News Release: Statement on 2,4,5 -T Subject The topic of the resource Australia congenital birth defects dioxin health studies ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 034 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0693 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gunby, Phil Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of the American Medical Association Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 27 1983 Title A name given to the resource More Questions, Not Answers, Emerge From Agent Orange Studies Subject The topic of the resource health studies VA CDC Australia ao_seriesIII https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/742f21916598d28ce2bfb9a94c802605.pdf 9f68cb7a1b23316aa1588ffcfbb306e5 PDF Text Text Item D Number °2105 Author Corporate Author Report/Article TitlO Manuscript:Handwritten note regarding claims filed/ study costs in Australia related to Agent Orange exposure Journal/Book Tltlo Year 000 ° Month/Day Color Number of Images D 1 Descriptor! Notes Tuesday, August 21, 2001 Page 2105 of 2109 �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 084 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2105 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Manuscript: Handwritten note regarding claims filed/ study costs in Australia related to Agent Orange exposure Subject The topic of the resource Australia Agent Orange controversy ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 072 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1909 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Price, Geoffrey J. Title A name given to the resource Letter: to Robert Nimmo from Geoffrey J. Price, 8 April 1982. Subject The topic of the resource international cooperation Australia ao_seriesIII https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/948297df17d66ab98d507c8dddcae416.pdf 338faaeb9ef55e76472f835c3fd92391 PDF Text Text Item D Number 01959 Author Young, Alvin L. Corporate Author RBpOrt/APtiClBTltb Letter: to Hon. Mr. Justice Phillip Evatt, from Dr. Alvin L. Young, December 22, 1983. Journal/Book Title Year 000 ° Month/Day Color Number of Images " DOSCPtatOn NotBS ln tne letter Monday. July 30. 2001 - Young expresses his thanks for the opportunity of serving as a scientific consultant to the Australian Royal Commission. He also summaries the briefings he gave and shares his specific concerns and suggestions on a morbidity study. Page 1959 of 1993 �Alvin L. Young, Lt. Col., U.S.A.F., PhD., Senior Policy Analyst for Life Sciences, Executive Office of the President, Office for Science & Technology Policy, WASHINGTON, D.C., 20500, U.S.A. 22 December, 1983. The Hon. Mr. Justice Phillip Evatt, D.S.C., Royal Commissioner, Royal Commission on the Use b Effects of Chemical Agents on Australian Personnel in Vietnam, G.P.O. Box 4842, SYDNEY, N.S.W., 2001, AUSTRALIA. Dear Judge Evatt, I want to express to you my appreciation for having had the opportunity of serving as a scientific consultant to the Royal Commission on the very complex issues related to Agent Orange and the Vietnam experience. I believe that the week (14-22 December, 1983) spent working with you and your staff has been beneficial to both of our nations. The issues associated with Agent Orange transcend national boundaries, political parties and governmental agencies. Indeed, the success to which our respective governments resolve this controversy satisfactorily will have significant impact on the public's perception of both "responsible government" and the obligations associated with military service. During my visit I provided briefings in the following areas: * The use of herbicides & insecticides in Vietnam, 1961-71; * Development of the Agent Orange controversy in the United States : Scientific and social issues; * Disposition of Agent Orange, 1972-77; * Environmental fate of 2,3,7,8-TCDD; * Exposure analyses of Seveso, Italy; Vietnam and Missouri : Results of Adipose Tissue Analysis; * On going health studies on Agent Orange Exposure and the Vietnam experience in the United States. Each of these topics was thoroughly discussed with your staff and members of the staff of the Australian Veterans Health Studies (A.V.H.S.). Perhaps the most important role that I have played, however, this past week is in my assessment of the need for a Morbidity Study. Accordingly, 1 wish to share with you some specific concerns and suggestions that I have discussed with Mr. John Coombs Q.C. during my service as a consultant to you. The Australian Forces that served in Vietnam provide a unique population for epidemiologic study of the Vietnam experience. Whereas, United States troops were very hetergeneous as to race, socio-economic class, military service tasks and in-country locations, Australian Forces were more homogenous for these characteristics. For example, Australian personnel served primarily in one area of South Vietnam and they functioned as a unit for tour of duty. U.S. units moved extensively in a large area of operation and rotation for tour of duty was based only on the individual. Thus, I am suggesting that these differences may mean that epidemiologic studies of U.S. veterans as to Vietnam experience �- 2may not provide information sufficiently applicable to Australian veterans. I do not wish to imply, however, that the U.S. studies won't be of value. Indeed these studies may provide some indications to you of the impact of Vietnam service. Another important as[x?ct of the Australian Forces is that of population size. You have a readily jdentiliabJo population of sufficient sJze for conducting valid epidemiologic studies of the Vietnam experience, but I do not believe that your population is large enough to identify cohorts (groups) having distinctly different magnitudes of chemical exposure (to herbicides or insecticides). Thus, a study of cohorts selected on the basis of exposure to Agent Orange is unlikely to have scientific value. It is my opinion that the United States Air Force Health Study, a carefully conducted epidomiological study of the RANCH HAND personnel, may provide sufficient data on which to identify an Agent Orange Syndrome given that such a syndrome can be identified. If the disease is rare, then the Centers For Disease Control's Agent Orange Epidemiologic Study of Ground Troops will have sufficient population size (18,000) to detect it. In summary, a scientifically valid epidemiologic study of the Vietnam experience on the morbidity of Australian veterans can be conducted. Moreover, since A.V.H.S. has a study team in-place and the veteran population identified, such a study can be conducted on an acceptable time frame (within two years). To add the necessary assurance that the Scientific and Veteran community will accept such a study, I strongly recommend that a recognised Australian Epidemiologist be appointed principal investigator. Such a superb candidate would be Dr. John D. Mathews. In addition, a Scientific Advisory Panel should be appointed by you that would serve to monitor the scientific progress and assist in the evaluation of the results. I would suggest that you select a small group of scientists representing the Australian, New Zealand and United States experts in the appropriate disciplines. The careful conduct of this study is critical. Any "short-cuts" or "lack of support" will only decrease the quality of the study. Moreover, only an excellently conducted study will serve the concerns of the nations whose troops fought in Vietnam and who now share in the health concerns of those troops. Lastly, I wish to express to you my admiration for the superb manner in which Mr. John Coombs, has interacted with me this past week. His concerns for all parties participating in the Royal Commission is worthy of your praise. I also wish to offer my services to you should you feel that I can further contribute to the Commission. Yours sincerely, Alvin L. Young. �APPENDIX 3 DESCRIPTIONS OF MAJOR EPIDEMIOLOGIC OF U.S. VETERANS, STUDIES AGENT ORANGE EXPOSURE AND THE VIETNAM EXPERIENCE CURRENTLY ON-GOING IN THE UNITED STATES A.L. Young �1) The U.S. Air Force Health Study a) Description of the Study In 1979, the U.S. Air Force established the protocol for a comprehensive epidemiologic study of RANCH HAND personnel, a group of approximately 1260 men who conducted the fixed-wing aerial herbicide spraying missions in Vietnam from 1962 through 1971. The study is designed around the question, "Have there been, are there now, or will there be in the reasonably foreseeable future, any adverse health effects among RANCH HAND personnel caused by repeated exposure to Herbicide Orange?" The investigation is composed of three integrated elements: 1) a mortality study of those individuals who have died since their exposure, 2) a morbidity study to examine the current health status of the study subjects, and 3) a follow-up study to look for delayed effects over the next 20 years. The mortality and morbidity study elements are being conducted simultaneously on RANCH HAND personnel and on a group of very carefully matched controls using personnel tracking procedures employing the following means: a) an extensive review of military medical personnel records; b) a detailed face-to-face interview using questionnaires to ascertain current and past health events as well as occupational and family data; and c) comprehensive physical examinations, psychological testing, and diagnostic laboratory studies to determine exact health status. Additional questionnaires and physical examinations are to be administered periodically during the follow-up phase. b) Preliminary Results In June 1983, a report was released comparing the mortality experience of 1247 RANCH HAND personnel and 6171 comparison subjects. The comparison subjects were individuals assigned to selected Air Force units with the mission of �flying cargo to, from, and in Vietnam during the same period. As of December 31, 1982, 50 RANCH HAND and 250 comparison subjects had died. The mortality experience, including deaths caused by malignant neoplasms, of the RANCH HAND population was almost the same as that of the comparison group. soft tissue sarcoma deaths were detected in either group. No Although there was no indication that the RANCH HAND subjects suffered from any increased mortality or any unusual patterns of death, the study results should not be regarded as final because of the small sample consisting of young, healthy individuals and the relatively short follow-up period. The results of the initial questionnaire, current health status, and reproductive histories are to be released in early 2) 1984. Vietnam Veteran Mortality Study The US Veterans Administration has initiated a large mortality study that will compare cause-of-death profiles between veterans with service in Vietnam and comparable veterans with no service in Vietnam. Because there are no estimates of the population at risk, the study will provide only proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) data. The study will use existing records to identify a group of approximately 60,000 deceased veterans and determine cause of death and Vietnam service status. The study will also include independent validation of the computer data base used to identify deaths. Although this study will not provide information specifically related to a reason for greater or lesser relative frequency or specific cause of death, the study will provide a large amount of potentially useful information on Vietnam veteran mortality. research. In addition, it will provide ideas for future The results are to be reported in late 1984. �3) Vietnam Experience Twin Study a) Description of the Study The Vietnam Experience Twin Study was begun by a group of research staff members at the US Veterans Administration Medical Center, St Louis, Missouri. The study will identify pairs of identical twin veterans of which one twin served in Vietnam during the period of Agent Orange spraying and the other served in an area other than Southeast Asia. Approximately 600 pairs of twins will be examined using a series of psychologic, physiologic, and biochemical tests. b) Present Status The protocol for the study has been completed and approved by a Scientific Advisory Panel. The Twin Registry from which participants will be solicited is being established by the Medical Follow-up Agency of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. The study will focus primarily on the total Vietnam experience rather than any single factor such as Agent Orange. If sufficient identical twin pairs are identified, there may be an opportunity to draw some conclusions regarding the effects of specific aspects of the Vietnam experience such as combat, herbicide exposure, or use of insecticides. study is to begin in January 1984. The A report on the results is planned for early 1986. 4) Agent Orange Epidemiologic Study of Ground Troops a) Description of the Study Public Law 96-151 charged the US Veterans Administration to "design a protocol for and conduct an epidemiological study of persons, who while serving in the �Armed Forces of the United States during the period of the Vietnam conflict, were exposed to any of the class of chemicals known as 'the dioxins1 produced during the manufacture of the various phenoxy herbicides (including the herbicide known as 'Agent Orange1) to determine if there may be long-term adverse health effects in such persons from such exposure." The Centers for Disease Control (through an interagency agreement with the VA) has completed a protocol for the conduct of this study. This will be a huge research effort that will include interviews and examinations involving 18,000 U.S. Vietnam veterans. b) Present Status A major problem in the conduct of such a study is that there are very few records maintained that link specific ground troops to herbicide exposure. Nevertheless, an effort is being made to identify three cohorts, each containing 6,000 veterans. The cohorts will differ by likelihood of exposure to herbicides (high and low) and to combat activity. The pilot study will begin early in 1984 and the study is to be completed by 1987. 5) Epidemiologic Study of the Vietnam Experience The "exposure" of military service in Vietnam comprises numerous factors, many of which are unknown, poorly defined, or not quantifiable. Nevertheless, the Vietnam "experience" could have influenced anyone who served there. The Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, have initiated a study of two cohorts of U.S. Army draftees and single-term enlistees who served in the infantry. Each cohort will consist of six thousand men. For the Vietnam service cohort, soldiers will be selected so as to provide a year-of-tour distribution which is proportional to the year by year Army troop strength in Vietnam over the period 1966-1971. The selection procedure for the control cohort will be such that its period of service distribution is equivalent to �the Vietnam cohort. However, this latter group will have served either in the U.S., Europe or Korea. determined. 6) The morbidity of the men in both cohorts will be The study is to be completed in 1987. Centers for Disease Control Birth Defects Study In 1981, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, began a study designed to determine if U.S. veterans are at an increased risk of having children with birth defects. Since 1968, CDC has maintained a registry of all babies born with structural or functional defects in the greater metropolitan Atlanta area. Of the more than 15,000 children in this registry, approximately 7,500 had significant anatomical defects at birth. The investigators will locate and interview both parents of approximately 5,400 of the children in this group. In addition, the parents of 3,000 matched control normal babies born during the same time period will be interviewed. Since the major objective of this study will be to determine whether an unusually high proportion of fathers of babies born with defects served in Vietnam, information will be gathered about Vietnam service, as well as on other factors that may be associated with occurrence of birth defects. If results demonstrate that a Vietnam veteran has an increased risk of fathering a child with a defect, then an attempt will be made to determine whether the increase is associated with Agent Orange exposure or with some other factor(s). study. An index of herbicide exposure has been prepared for use in this The study is scheduled to be completed by the end of 1983 and results are to be reported in early 1984. �7) Soft Tissue Sarcoma Studies a) Kansas Study In view of concern raised by many veterans that their contact with phenoxy herbicides and TCDD during Vietnam service may increase the risk of developing soft tissue sarcoma (STS), and because of the conflicting research findings reported in the scientific literature regarding association between exposure to phenoxy herbicides and STS, many epidemiological studies have been initiated in the US to determine host and environmental risk factors for STS. The National Cancer Institute is conducting a case-control study in the state of Kansas to evaluate the effects of occupational and environmental risk factors including herbicide exposure on the development of STS, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Hodgkin's disease. A minimum of 100 white male cases of each type of such cancers drawn from the Cancer Data Service of the University of Kansas Medical Center will be compared to controls matched to each case (3:1) by age, race, sex, and area of residence. Results of this study are due in mid-1984. b) U.S. Veterans' Administration/Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Study The VA, in collaboration with the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), has started a case-control study of STS. A minimum of 500 STS cases selected from the AFIP registries will be compared to controls matched (2:1) to each case by age (+_ 5 years) , race, sex, and place of initial diagnosis. Phase I of the study will investigate whether military service in Vietnam increases the risk of developing STS. Phase II of the study will investigate other host and environmental risk factors for STS based on information obtained from interviews with subjects or their next of kin. Phase I of the study is scheduled for completion in the fall of 1984; Phase II will be completed in late 1985. �c) NIOSH Dioxin Registry Study Since 1979, NIOSH has begun to develop a registry of US workers involved in production of herbicides possibly contaminated with dioxin. As of May 1, 1983, about 4,000 workers have been included in the registry. The enrollment of an expected number of 6,000 workers will be completed by the end of 1983, and their mortality pattern, including deaths caused by STS, will be available in early 8) 1985. Studies of Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans in Adipose Tissue in the U.S.A. The U.S. Veterans Administration in cooperation with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has initiated a study of the levels and the frequency of occurrence of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in adipose tissue from a selected group of U.S. males. Since 1968, the EPA has been collecting adipose tissue from the US general population by region, age, sex, and race in a National Adipose Tissue Bank which now contains specimens from over 12,000 individuals. Adipose tissue from approximately 550 males born between 1937 and 1953 is available from this bank. Many of these men served in the military during the Vietnam era, and some served in Vietnam during the period of Agent Orange use. A retrospective study of their adipose tissue may establish data on background levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in the U.S. male population, as well as whether service in the military and especially in Vietnam has had an effect on the levels of TCDD in adipose tissue. The study will be conducted in three phases. Phase I will obtain the name and social security number for the approximately 550 males noted above. information will be used to determine military service status. This Phase II will �be the development of analytic methods for the determination of selected chlorinated dioxins (especially 2,3,7,8-TCDD) and furans in human adipose tissue. The method will be subjected to rigorous interlaboratory validation by an independent analytic referee, such as the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Phase III will be the analysis of the adipose tissue and the preparation of a final report. Phases I and II should be completed within the 1983 calendar year, and the report from Phase III should be available in early 1985. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 076 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1959 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Young, Alvin L. Title A name given to the resource Letter: to Hon. Mr. Justice Phillip Evatt, from Dr. Alvin L. Young, December 22, 1983. Subject The topic of the resource international cooperation Australia ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 078 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2011 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Coombs, John S. Title A name given to the resource Letter: to Alvin L. Young from John S. Coombs, 21 March 1984 Subject The topic of the resource international cooperation Australia ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 080 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2075 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 25 1986 Title A name given to the resource Letter: from W.F. Ginnivan to Dr. Al Young, 25 June 1986 regarding Veterans' Affairs memorandum about CDC study Subject The topic of the resource Australia CDC Birth Defects Study AOWG ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 075 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1954 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shannon, Peter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-12-01 Title A name given to the resource Letter: from Peter Shannon to Alvin L. Young, 9 December 1983 Subject The topic of the resource AVHS Australia international cooperation ao_seriesIII