2 15 24 https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/5f9ee0dc48e3ce9eaf0b7eb8ac0668d6.pdf 16db34463a85f49de8f4cf645cd61bd5 PDF Text Text Item ID Number 00220 Author Commanding General, United States Army, Vietnam R8DOPt/ArtlClB TitlO Command Health Report for June 1969 (RCS MED-3 (B-4)) Journal/Book Title Year 000 ° Month/Day Color Number of Images n 4 Descriptor) Notes Monday, January 22, 2001 Page 232 of 341 �DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY HEADQUARTERS. UNITED STATES A R M Y VIETNAM APO SAN FRANCISCO 66375 AVHSU-PM SUBJECT: Command Health Report for June 1 6 (RCS MED-3 (Rr-4)) 99 3 3 F~//. Commanding General United States Army Vietnam APO San Francisco 96375 A. Health of the Command 1. Personal (a) Physical condition of troops s Most major consolidated and individual Command Health Reports describe the physical condition of ITS Aray personnel as adequate or satisfactory while a few reports indicate the physical statue of their personnel as being excellent. The overall health of the command remains at a satisfactory level although there were again increases in total disease admissions. (See Tab A). (b) Sanitary discipline: The following selected comments are included because it is felt that they most accurately describe the level of sanitary discipline and personal hygiene among US Army personnel. The 1st Infantry Division reports* "Sanitation standards remain at a high level throughout most of the Division base camp areas. Some units have reached, and continue to maintain, superior sanitation standards. These units are examples of what • good command emphasis can accomplish in improving the living conditions and morale of the troops. The sanitation of IDP's and fire support bases continues to present problems. The Division Surgeon plans to visit these areas as often as air transportation will permit. Any difficulties of, a medical nature should be brought to his attention so that corrective action can be initiated at this level.. Sanitation teams should make frequent Inspections of their unit areas and report the results to the Medical Operations Officer for his action." ^ The 4th Infantry Division makes this comment on personal hygiene: "With a few exceptions personal hygiene is adequate. The monsoon season presents particular difficulty in maintaining clothing resupply. Some units, the tactical situation permitting, have periodic rotation of troops through fire �AVHSD-PM 28 July 1969 SUBJECT: Command Health Report for June 1969 (RCS MED-3 (R-4)) bases or trains area for rest, clean-up, drying out and a change of clothes. The 1 1 Infantry reports such a policy and also supplies a change of clothing /4 every four days and socks every two days. The 1/35 Infantry reports a similarly successful program which allows also health education, dental check-ups, and other medical activities." The status of sanitary discipline within the llth Armored Cavalry Regiment is described as follows: "Sanitary discipline is generally good but continued command support is still needed in the field locations. Increased emphasis on field sanitation teams with a proposed plan to have squadron MSC officers assume more supervisory control over the teams is hoped to improve sanitation in the field." From the 3d Brigade, 82d Airborne Division conies this report: "The sanitary discipline within the Brigade is good. Because of operational conditions in some of the areas} i.e., inundated areas, personal hygiene is sometimes less than desirable but it is good as can be expected under existing conditions. Adequate shower facilities are available in all permanent installations and fire bases. There is a fly problem around one of the fire bases (Hardcore, 1/508 Infantry). This is due mainly to the civilian garbage dumps surrounding the fire base. This will continue to be a problem until the garbage sites can be destroyed or relocated. Trash and garbage cans are covered within the fire base itself and field sanitation is excellent. Arrangements are being made through Brigade Vietnamese Liaison Officer to look into the possibility of relocating garbage sites away from the fire base. Rodent control seems adequate. There were only two rat bites on post during this period. There are adequate rat traps within the Brigade." Finally the 1st Infantry Brigade, 5th Infantry Division (Mech) reports: "Rodents have not been a major problem in base camp areas, primarily because of good area sanitation. Sanitation of bunker areas on camp perimeters has been of variable quality. Food and refuse in bunker areas will attract rats which in turn attract snakes, creating a hazard to those on guard duty*. Pacific Architects and Engineers have assumed the Post Engineer functions of entomology and rodent control at Red Devil and LZ Sharon. They have set out rodent anticoagulant bait boxes on these bases and refill them at scheduled intervals. Steps have been taken to insure better police in perimeter bunkers. They havealso assumed responsibij^ty^^fjgr^JLBjgJB^M^ " baseia. General area sanitationfinal water monitoring before consumption and waste disposal are still under the responsibility of each company through its Field Sanitation Teams." (c) Bathing facilities, adequacy of clothing and status of training in personal hygiene and field sanitation: The 1st Infantry Division Surgeon states: "Some units continue to need work on their shower drainage systems. Several small marshes, heavily populated with insects, have been found in the �rnjU-PM 28 July 1969 rBJECT: Command Health Report for June 1969 (RCS MED-3 (R-4)) are again meaningless due to the constant variation of numbers and locations of collecting stations, and the inability of units to timely process all collections. Trends are important, and even with the inaccuracies it can clearly be concluded that mosquito populations are sharply increasing in locations affected by the monsoon rains. Total numbers identified this quarter were: 7582 for April, 13,060 for May, and 28,830 for June. Disease and epidemiological data found elsewhere in this report indicate the continuing rise of known and suspected mosquito-borne diseases in RVN. 6. Medical Zoology Section (a) Small animal processing: Five hundred and twenty-eight (528) rodents were processed during the month of June. (b) Plague analysis: Rodent spleens, flea pools and aerology samples were forwarded to the Institute of Pasteur at Nha Trang or Saigon for plague analysis. Serology of a Bandicota indica (a large rat type rodent) from Long Binh Post was plague positive. No spleens or flea pools were positive for plague. (c) The overall average number of fleas per rodent (flea index) continued to increase as April was 0*59; May was 0.95 and June was 1.2. Whereas, this overall index may be inaccurate and of questionable value it is interesting to note that off-post the index was about 3.0 while on-post it was only O c ?c The only similarily significantly high individual location index was at Cam Ranh Bay off-post with a 3*07 which though high is down from the 3c97 of May. (b) Rodent mites were of significance in the Cu Chi area. A marked increase in Leptotrombida mites indicates a greater than usual danger of scrub typhus in that area* * 7. Aerial Dispersal of Insecticides (a) Air Force C-123 "Ranch Hand"« Both C-123 aircraft continued in use.. The target interval varied, but is approaching the desired of 10 days, The following missions were flown in the month of June. The number accompanying the area indicates the number of missions if more than one: Phu Cat (3), Hue/Phu Bai (3), Due My (6), Da Nang (6), Ninh Hoa (3), Phan Rang (3), Chu Lai U), Men Hoa (2), Ap Nam/Phuoc Tho (3), Tan Son Nhut (2), Long Binh 199th FSBs, Cam Ranh ( ) Dong Ha/Quang Trl ( ) and Pleiku. A total of 2, 3, 15,775 gallons of 95$ malathion was applied to the areas listed in"the 46 missions completed. ; (b) Helicopter Spraying: Eight Agavenco insecticide sprayers finally arrived. Four each were assigned to the 20th and 172d Preventive Medicine Units respectively. The rigs as received were unsuitable for ultra low volume (ULV, which is 0.5 Ib/acre) application of malathion. Commendable I Zl �AVHSU-PM 28 July 1969 SUBJECTS Command Health Report for June 1969 (RCS MED-3 (R-4)) work has been done by MAJ Waddell, Staff Entomologist, 20th Preventive Medicine Unit to calibrate the rigs using available nozzles and components. Due to his success helicopter spray missions should begin sometime in July. (c) Unauthorized Aerial Sprayings (1) Jfelicopter herMcide_8joijyej^_j£QjjyjaiejbQ_j)e used for.._tJie unauthorized dispersajTof Tnagcticides^incontradiotion to the provisi " Directive 4 - 0 01. " (2) From 28 February 1968 thru 1 March 1969, USAF, PA&E, and Preventive Medicine Unit activities utilized or had in stock at the end of this period about 3960 55-gallon barrels of 57J6 malathion. However, USA Inventory Control Center, Vietnam figures show that 8686 barrels were issued during the same period. Approximately 2 0 0 0 gallons of CONCENTRATED 6,0 malathion appears to have been used by unauthorized sources. (3) Authority and thus responsibility for helicopter application of insecticides has been delegated to the conaanders of the preventive medicine units and detachments. Such missions must be conducted under the supervision of a medical entomologist. Such authority has not been granted to major tactical unit chemical officers or even surgeons. NOTE: When helicopter application of insecticides are deemed advisable by the unit surgeon the nearest preventive medicine unit, detachment or section should be contacted. A list of such preventive medicine units, their addresses, and telephone numbers is contained in Appendix I, Change 1 to USARV Regulation 4 0 1 . .-2 8. Pesticides (a) Safety and Toxicology: As malathion is an insecticide with acute dermal toxicity of approximately one half that of DDT all supervisors of personnel handling malathion must adhere to the provisions of USARV Regulation 4-7 04. (b) Shortages of several items continue to exist. All instances of insecticide supply problems at any level should be documented and forwarded direct to. Headquarters, USARV, Office of the Surgeon, ATTNs Entomology Consultant, APO 96375. 28 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 018 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0220 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>Commanding General, United States Army, Vietnam Title A name given to the resource Command Health Report for June 1969 (RCS MED-3 (B-4)) Subject The topic of the resource Ranch Hand aircraft pesticide application pesticide application https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/d02a2f1d2e377afc53cceda977db002d.pdf 1f5002f585008762592b365567b3d7cb PDF Text Text °0221 Item ID Number Author CorpOratB Author Headquarters, United States Military Assistance Comma RODOrt/ArtlOlO TItlfl Typescript: Medical Service, Aerial Dispersal of Insecticides, 23 March 1970 Journal/Book Title °00° Month/Day Color Numbor of Images r 6 Doscrlpton Notes Monday, January 22, 2001 Page 233 of 341 �'% *>& +MACV Dir 40-10 HE1ADQUARTERS UNITED STATES MILITARY ASSISTANCE COMMAND, VIETNAM APO San Francisco 96222 DIRECTIVE NUMBER 40-10 23 March 1970 (MACMD) MEDICAL SERVICE AERIAL DISPERSAL OF INSECTICIDES 1. PURPOSE. This directive prescribes policy, procedures, and responsibilities for aerial dispersal of insecticides from fixed and rotary wing aircraft by the US military In the Republic of Vietnam (RVN). 2. APPLICABILITY. Forces. This directive applies to all Free World Military Assistance 3. GENERAL, Aerial dispersal of insecticides permits rapid coverage of large areas and the treatment of areas inaccessible to ground operated equipment. This method of dispersal is effective in the control of arthropod vector of disease. Although it provides advantage over ground treatment, limitations are imposed by: a. b. Availability of aircraft and aircrews. Co 4. Meteorological conditions, such as wind, rain, temperature, and visibility. Attitudes of the local population regarding effects of insecticides on people, animals, and crops. POLICY. "~~ " a. •-*. Aerial dispersal of Insecticides is to be approved only under the following conditions: (1) For the control of mosquitoes and other pests of medical importance when: (a) Permanent control measures, such as land drainage and filling, cannot be accomplished. (b) There is no access for ground dispersal equipment. (c) Screening, repellants, space sprays, and residual treatments are not adequate in controlling vector-borne diseases. *This directive supersedes MACV Directive 40-10, 25 April 1968. �MACV Dir 40-10 . (d) Ground fog, mist, or other insectlcldal mixture• do not control large population* of disease transmitting Insects. (e) Treatment of a major breeding area by aircraft dispersion is more economical than the use of ground equipment. . (f) The installation/area commander has trained personnel (medical and/or engineer) to conduct entomological surveys, to indicate areas requiring treatment, to schedule proper dates for spraying, and to determine spray effectiveness. (2) For pest control when arthropod borne disease outbreaks occur, requiring rapid coverage of large ground areas. b. In view of the significant incidence of malaria In the RVN, the aerial dispersal of Insecticides from military aircraft to support military operations is authorized. c. Only aerial dispersal equipment which has been approved by the Armed Forces Pest Control Board is to be used to disperse Insecticides from fixed or rotary wing aircraft. d. Malathion (either 57 percent water emulsifiable concentrate or 95 percent technical B-grade) used at a rate not to exceed 0.5 pounds of the technical toxicant per acre is the only Insecticide currently approved for aerial dispersal in the RVN. Request* to use other insecticides are to be justified and forwarded to this headquarters, ATTN: MACMD-PS. e. Aerial dispersal equipment which has been used to dispense herbicides is not to be used to disperse insecticides. f. ... The Command Surgeon, MACV, is authorized to communicate directly with the following units for coordination of aerial insecticide dispersal: I (1) US Navy Preventive Medicine Unit, NSA Da Nang - NAVFORV. (2) 20th Preventive Medicine Unit (SVC) (FLD) - USARV. (3) 172nd Preventive Medicine Unit (SFC) (FLD) - USARV. (4) 7th AF Tactical Air Control Center. (5) Twelfth Special Operations Squadron, 7th AF. g. Aerial dissemination of insecticide leaflets and/or aerial loudspeaker broadcast missions are to be scheduled in conjunction with aerial spray missions by the 7th AF Tactical Air Control Center. 5. RESPONSIBILITIES. © �:V Dir 40-10 a. The Command Surgeon, MACV, la to: (1) Exercise joint staff supervision and approval authority for aerial dispersal of insecticides. (2) Coordinate all aerial insecticide dispersal operations. (3) "* Evaluate information relative to the effectiveness of the aerial dispersal of insecticides. (4) Furnish 7th AF necessary Information for the preparation of operation and support plans for the fixed wing aerial delivery of insecticides. b. The Commander, 7th AF, is to plan, coordinate, and execute fixed wing aerial delivery of insecticides on MACV approved areas, and the aerial dissemination of insecticide leaflets and/or aerial loudspeaker broadcasts on those targets when required. He is to also coordinate all support required by C123 aircraft crews at the designated operating locations. c. The Commanders, USARV and NAVFORV, are to plan, coordinate, and execute the rotary wing aircraft delivery of Insecticide on MACV approved areas and provide necessary life support equipment Including, but not limited to, flight suits, helmets, and gloves for helicopter,spray crews. d. The appropriate corps tactical zone (CTZ) commander is to: (1) Supply required insecticides and engineer entomology personnel necessary for the preparation and aircraft loading of spray material, and provide liaison personnel to the aircraft commander. (2) Furnish personnel to conduct entomological surveys to delineate breeding areas, establish timing of spray applications, and determine effectiveness of control operations (requests for these individuals should be directed to the appropriate unit listed In paragraph 4f, above). (3) Provide helicopter and crew when the requesting unit has no helicopter capability. The appropriate unit listed in paragraph 4f, above, is to furnish the aerial spray equipment, operator, and Insecticide. e. 6. The Psychological Operations Division, MACV, is to provide aerial loudspeaker broadcast tapes and special Insecticide leaflets for this program. PROCEDURES. a. Requests for aerial dispersal of insecticides are to be forwarded to this headquarters, ATTN: MACMD-PS, for evaluation and command approval. Requests are to contain the following Information on each area to be sprayed: (1) Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid coordinates. �MACV Dir 40-10 '* i ' (2) An overlay depicting the area. (3) ,.r .-*•:•: ii Designation and location of all battalion-sized units, hamlets, and other centers of military and/or civilian population in the area. (4) Malaria experience in the area (total cases of malaria, incidence rate per 1000 personnel per year, percentage of total cases due to vivax - malaria, and other information as appropriate). (5) Statement concerning availability of helicopter and crew to fly the aerial •pray mission if the area is less than 20 square kilometers. (6) Name, rank, unit, location, and telephone number of a contact or project officer. (7) Statement indicating desirability of insecticide leaflet missions and aerial loudspeaker missions prior to and/or after insecticide spray missions. (8) Approval of district or province chief of areas surrounding spray target if civilian areas are included in the target. b. Approved requests are to be incorporated in the aerial spray program as follows: f (1) Areas 20 square kilometers or larger or areas which cannot be feasib!^; |; V*i^ sprayed with rotary wing aircraft, or ground equipment, are to be scheduled for aerial spray by C123 aircraft. (2) Approved requests for aerial spray of areas less than 20 square kilometers are to be forwarded to the appropriate unit listed in paragraph 4f, above, with a recommendation that coordination be effected with the requesting unit. c. Requests are to be approved for a time period determined by MACV based on medical priorities and aircraft availability. 7. REPORTS. This directive requires no report. 8. REFERENCES. a. AR 40-574/AFR 91-22/SECNAVINST 6250.5. b. TM 5-632/AFM 85-7/NAVDOCKS MO-310. c. Joint State/AID/Defense Message OASD/ISA 6249. DTG 130204Z November 1965. �MACV Dir 40-10 FOR THE COMMANDER: W. G. DOLVIN Major General, USA Chief of Staff LOUIS J. PROST Colonel, USA Adjutant General DISTRIBUTION: B Plus: 200 - MACMD �C1, MACV Dir 40-10 HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES MILITARY ASSISTANCE COMMAND, VIETNAM APO San Francisco 96222 CHANGE 1 DIRECTIVE - 12 June 1970 NUMBER 40-10 (MACMD) MEDICAL SERVICE » AERIAL DISPERSAL OF INSECTICIDES Directive Number 40-10, this headquarters, 23 March 1970, is changed as follows: 1. Page 3. Paragraph 5d is superseded as follows: d. The appropriate corps area/zone coordinator is to: 2. Page 3. Paragraph 5d(D is superseded as follows: (1) Coordinate with the local facilities engineer who is to supply required insecticides and engineer entomology personnel necessary for the preparation and aircraft loading of spray material, and provide liaison personnel to the aircraft commander. 3. This transmittal sheet is to be filed in front of the publication for reference purposes. FOR THE COMMANDER: W. G. DOLVIN Major General, USA Chief of Staff W. A. RUTLEDGE Colonel, USA Adjutant General DISTRIBUTION: C Plus: 200 - MACMD 100 - MACAG-AP � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 018 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0221 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>Headquarters, United States Military Assistance Command, Vietnam Title A name given to the resource Typescript: Medical Service, Aerial Dispersal of Insecticides, 23 March 1970 Subject The topic of the resource pesticide application pest control methods Ranch Hand aircraft https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/4242c11bdf97e51356fa69dce748eb0c.pdf bdd23ee31f1fcb10cb1ed20e7e8c2e9b PDF Text Text Item ID Number 00237 Author Corporate Author Report/Article Title F°rm: Military Insecticides, Use in Vietnam, AOPA/November-December 1983, Document Source: Historical Summary (RCS: MACSJS-01) June 67 Journal/Book Title Year 000 ° Month/Day Color U Number of Images 1 DOSOrlptOU NOteS Summarizes equipment used for dispersal of insecticides in March 1967 Monday, January 22, 2001 Page 249 of 341 �Military Insecticides Use In Vietnam AOPO/ttovember-December 1983 Document Source •.-^\ S I » V x^_ ^ \ ^ ™ —\ ^^^ Date of Document ° ^ Insecticides Mentioned (Type/Quantity/Use) MfcCV I O o C Other Information If Available Method of Application : location of Application Military Unit if Different from Above Names of Personnel Mentioned Significant Event(s) - Spill, Fire, Explosion, Clean-up � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 019 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0237 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Form: Military Insecticides, Use in Vietnam, AOPA/November-December 1983, Document Source: Historical Summary (RCS: MACSJS-01) June 67 Subject The topic of the resource pesticide application Ranch Hand aircraft Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 020 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0291 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966-09-01 Title A name given to the resource Clipping: Spray Planes Shield Crippled Craft From Ground Fire Subject The topic of the resource Ranch Hand aircraft popular press military impact https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/6d756e3798a3feb87ce9f888ef9eca00.pdf bfab4644bc6cb4df7e6420cf79c1b6c5 PDF Text Text Item ID Number 00294 Author Corporate Author Report/Article Title Typescript: Pre 65 DFL Spray Operations RUN Journal/Book Title Year 000 ° Month/Day Color Number of Images 9 OeSCriptOU NOtBS Includes data table of number of gallons of military herbicide procured by the U.S. Department of Defense and disseminated in South Vietnam during the period January 1962 - December 1964, source of table listed as USAF OEHL Report, p. I-9 Monday, January 22, 2001 Page 294 of 341 �p re 65 rirL Spray '"'Derations R M M The first actual test mission in Q outh Vietnam was flown along a road north of Kontum by a VMA 1 7 H-^-l helicopter equioned with a '1°, Navy Helicopter Insecticide Dispersal Apparatus L i q u i d (HTn/U,) Sprav system ^ 1 0 August 1 Q61. Two weeks later, the first fixed-winn: spray mission was flown by a V M A ^ C-47 . stretch of route Thanh. 1 T his mission, flown on ?'» August, a four km 3 about RO km north of Saigon near the V i l l a g e of Chon Roth of these missions disnersed the herbicide n}.noxol . On ? January 1 9^?, President ^ennedy authorized l i m i t e d n^L operations o an experimental nature against separate targets which together comprised about 1 6 miles o^ the total distance about ^ miles along route 1C S between Hien Hoa and Vung T au . Three C-t?3 equipped with MC-1 spray tanks (1000 g a l l o n caoacity) landed at Tan Son Mhut on 7 January 1Q6?. for Ranch Hand until 1 December 1 Tan Son Mhut remained the headouarte 9^*S when the unit mov^d to Rion �The first Ranch Hand spray mission was flown on the morning of 1 96?. A target north of Route 1 1 1 At 0«?o and 0 January one Ranch "and C-1?? sprayed less than 200 gallons of herbicide purple. January along Route > Januar 5 was chosen adjacent to a swath, a "MA17 C-47 had sprayed with herbicide pink on ?9 n^cember 10*>1. 0900 on the morning of ir T wo spray missions were flown on 1 1 *•> which inaugurated the ''anch M and program. Swath width was 500 feet for the first flight and 400 feet for the second flight. A g a i n purple was applied. the following three days. Missions continued along R^ute The mission on the 1 1 ^ on 6th completed the initially authorized spray work which totaled to sorties, used 7,9?0 gallons of herbicide and covered 6,9?0 acres. During the period January - March 6?, many training missions were also flown. On one low level mission, in February 1 96 9 , a D anch Hand aircraf T crashed, destroying the aircraft and k i l l i n g the three crew members. plane went down in an inaccessable area off of "oute 1 5 between Men ll h oa and Vung Tau. Ranch Hand again flew spray missions on 1U-17 February 1Q<5?. 1i n n the lth, they sprayed a target along Route 1'-J which was approximately 1 0 miles long by 400 yards wide and totaled 1^00 acres. T hat same dav they sprayed about 900 acres surrounding the *'han Co airfield. the 1 5th was accomplished on a stretch of Route along Route 1 4 on the previous d a y . T 1 Spraying on the same dimension as he ^ather Hoa area, in the souther portion of the Ca Man penensula, was sprayed on the ifth and i?th of �February. T hese February operations took 1 ? sorties, used 1R'-! drums of purple herbicide and covered 7,800 acres. With the exception of the Rien Hoa airfield and the T han T uy Ha ammunition storage area which were treated by WA 17 helicopters, the spra missions on 17 February completed the i n i t i a l coverage of all authorized targets. Ranch Hard aircraft resprayed the areas alons Rt 1 ^ on ?n Marc 1 .. There was a break in herbicide operations for five months after this mission, to await evaluation of the chemical effects on the foliage. On 1 7 and ?1 July 6? V N A F sprayed scrub growth north, northeast and west of the runway at Bien Hoa. Ranch Hand began spray operations a g a i n d u r i n g the oeriod 3 to 7 September. Six soray missions were conducted along the n ng ^oc River i n An Xuyen Province. Spray operations were again resumed on ?o September. S September and 11 October 1 R etween the period Q(S2, "anch u and sprayed a total of more than 9,000 acres dispensing ?7,6UB gallons of purple herbicide. These missions cleared vegetation along about SO m i l e s of rivers and c a n a l s in the Ca Mau Penensula. 30 November 1 Q6? authorized clearances por ^ specific areas to be snrave �proposed in the July recommendation and also delegated the authority to approve the employment of herbicides in future operations. Highway 1 south of Tuy Hoa on Highway 1 Fast side of 1 '4 Oec ft'3. On 1« *• ?U nee 6? U km of south of Oui Nhon . After these missions were completed defoliation activities were halted until the advent of the rainy season the following June. carried out crop destruction using 5 H-V4 heliconters equipped ^o^ cron destruction. T Vietnam occurred on he first test crop destruction operation in South 1 0 Aug 61. V M A ^ helicopter sprayed trinoxol on crop near a v i l l a g e north of r>ak TO. D resident Kennedy's basic authority for Ranch Hand prohibited crop destruction. Vietnamese program. r ron destruction remained an ai On ? Oct 6? President Kennedy allowed crop destruction operations. restricted Area to be sprayed were portions of a ^ k square area of Phuoc Long Province. The base for this crop destruction program was the air strip at Nui ^ara in D huoc Lons D rovince. US Airforce C- 1 ?3's transported chemicals supplies and equipment to this base. With advise and assistance of American technicians, the South Vietnamese installed HTDAT, spray equioment on five VMA 1 7 H-?ii hel icooter,": Spray operation began on the morning of ? 1 Nov ^"> . A total of ^O gallons of Herbicide "Rlue" (cacadylic acid") was spraved over about 400 acres of crops. On 9? Nov 6P they again spraved Herbicide " n lue" on a total of 375 acres o^ crops in Phuoc Long D rovince. Ranch Hand began a p p l y i n g herbicides along *46 km of canals in the r/\ M(\'r �penensula in June 1C )63. Fight sorties were flown in this region of TV Corns between 6 and P June dispensing 7,?00 gallons of chemicals. Tv ^e unit flew spray missions along a powerline extending *>om Ha Lat to Rien From 3-?7 July Hoa. during 1 1 96?, Ranch Hand sprayed m,7?p g a l l o n s of herhici'il 9 sorties along 58 km of transmission l i n e right-of-way. Ranch Hand spray operations ceased after the July spray missions due to request by the Thai government to assist in the control of locusts. Ranch Hand resumed spray operations in October 1 U Oct 1 1 963. between the period 963 and 1? Jan 1QM they dispensed 7 i f ^ f t n g a l l o n s of herbicide o six separate target complexes. T hree of* these i n v o l v e d h i g h w a y s , one wa a railroad, one was a canal on the Ca M au Peninsula and the southern tio o r the peninsula which connected directly with the Gulf of Thailand. This target required 1^ sorties and uijO^O g a l l o n s of defoMant. March & April 1 During 954 targets were sprayed on the Ha Mau Peninsula. In January 1 Q6iJ, authority was delegated to the senior Mc; Advisors serving with Vietnemise d i v i s i o n for hand-spray operations. This great! reduced log time that has existed from proposal to completion of small defoliation projects; i.e., around depots, airfields and outnosts. Locations and tvpes of herbicides unknown at this time A mission flown by D anch ^and along a canal in the Me v.or\e rielta on ?? April 1 96M accidently caused crop destruction near the model strategic �hamlet of Cha La. During a mission on 30 April 1 9*>U in the Helta, "anch "and aircraft received considerable ground fire. One of the two r _ i ? V s received a hi in one of its engines at this time the pilot feathered the engine and dumped his herbicide load. After encountering this intense ground fire on 30 A p r i l , Ranch Hand discontinued operations until 1 9 May. Spraying resumed on that date against a canal "0 miles south east of Saigon. T his target was spraved for two days, however, spraying was discontinued d u r i n g their mission on the third day due to increased ground fire and damage to the aircraft an spray equipment. Twice during May & June iQfiU Ranch Hand shifted its base of operations north to Da Nang. Targets sprayed were m a i n l y w i n d i n g mountain roads which connected South Vietnemese outposts along the Laotion border. T he flew a total of 26 sorties from DA Nans. During July 1 964 Ranch Hand resprayed areas of the d e l t a that had been discontinued on 30 Apr. Ranch Hand completed the re-soray of these area on ?? July New spray equipment was received by Ranch Hand in August of 1Q(S'J. T his equipment, known as A/A^Y- 1 , incorporated snray booms under each wins, boom under the tail and a new 2R horse power pump which increased the �pump presure from 3^ to ^0 psi and boosted the herbicide pl.ow rate 1 70 to ?80 gallons per minute. D rior to the arrival of this new equipment MC-1 spray tanks were used for spray mission. After the a r r i v a l of this equipment the unit flew 3 1 defoliation sorties along Rt 1 4 and also did more spraying in the northern part of South Vietnam before the end of "'P'SH. On 3 October one of 1 1 96iJ, Ranch Hand flew its first croc destruction sorties, 9 flown between 3 and War Zone D. 1 3 October against a complex of ^ields nea During November and December 1Q^U, Ranch Hand planes flew croo destruction sorties in Phuoc Long Province. destroyed 76?0 acres of Viet riong croos. 1 During iQ^n the unit Prior to 3 Oct iQ^4 the Vietnemese destroyed crops by VM/\^ H-34's and hand delivered spray on th ground . A test program was conducted in T hailand in 1Q^ ^ 1f )<SR to determine effectiveness of acre applications of Purple, Organe and other c a n d i d a t e chemical agents in defoliation of u p l a n d jungle vegetation reoresentive o-p Southeast Asia on duplicate 1 0 acre plots. Agent Organe was first tested Thailand in ^eb Attached is a breakdown of g a l l o n s of herbicide disseminated in South Vietnam by the US during the period January 1Q^P- December' �T here is no e v i d e n c e o*" A g e n t Orange bein? soraved durin!? the neriod - 1964. 1 �• ,'ur.ber of gallons of military h e r b i c i d e procured by the U.S. Department of Defense and disseminated in South Vietnam during the period January 1962 - December 1964. Military Herbicide Gallons of Formulation Pounds A c t i v e Ingredient Blue 5,200 10,000 Green 8,208 66,980 Pink 122,792 1,001,980 Purple 145 ,_0_00 1 , 1 80_, 300_ 281 ,200 2,259,260 Total Source of table: USAF OKHL Report, p. 1-9 * � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 020 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0294 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Typescript: Pre 65 DFL Spray Operations RUN Subject The topic of the resource Ranch Hand aircraft herbicide application military impact https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/d63fdf18766b44889cd427ad6da9b1aa.pdf f76476d1854a1fc777aa8b0114d6accb PDF Text Text Item ID Number 00314 Author Corporate Author RODOrt/ArtiClO TitlO Typescripts: Special Aerial Spray Flight Information from 4500 Air Base Wing History 1962, 1963; History of C123B, Serial Number 56-4362 Journal/Book Titlo Year 000 ° Month/Day Color ' Number of Images 12 DOSCrlptOU NOtOS "em includes routing and transmittla slip, Aircraft Record Request Form, History of C-123B, Serial Number 56-4362, and Special Aerial Spray Filght from 4500 ABW History Jan-Jun 1962, Jul-Dec 1962, JanJun 1963, and Jul-Dec 1963 Monday, January 22, 2001 Page 314 of 341 �Date ROUTING AND TRANSM TO: (Name, office symbol, room number, building, Agency/Post) 1 . Initials /£,~~-~W^, 3. (/s~^> 4g cs^ 4. '/ SLIP. Date - > c > * ^ ^ ^ -~v-» u"^ js*4*j -P/CTT^ 5. Action Approval As Requested Circulate Comment Coordination , , File For Clearance For Correction For Your Information Investigate Justify Note and Return Per Conversation Prepare Reply See Me Signature REMARKS 7 tff *, Cf, DO NO'ruse this form as a RECORD of approvals, concurrences, disposals, — A -2.1 clearances, and similar actions ) FROM7(N^me, org.'symbo;, Agency/Post) Room No.—Bldg. Phone No. 5041-102 GI'O : 107V () - 241-530 ( OPTIONAL FORM 41 (Rev. Prescribed by GSA FPMR (41 CfR) 101-11.206 7-76) �SUBJECT: Request for Material DATE: ^ 24 April 1979 Aircraft record request TOi FROM: USAF/OEHL/EC Attn: Capt Livingston Brooks AFB, TX 1. Material requested | y| is attached. 78235 | | will have to be compiled. [__] is being forwarded under separate cover. | ] will be distributed automatically. Q ] will be sent as soon as possible. 2. Material requested cannot be provided because it [ ] is n o t available. The Albert F. Simp ton H Uteri col Rataorch Center, USAF HO A Maxwell AFB, AL 36112 [ ] cannot be loaned. [ _ ) i s i n single copy. [_ ] cannot be reproduced. [2~] i s classified. 3. Material requested is available on 16 mm microfilm, roll number(s) Although the Research Center maintains rigid microfilm processing quality controls, readability of offered microfilm cannot be guaranteed. While most is highly readable, some is not because of the poor quality of the original document and inherent limitations in all copying processes, as well as some reading equipment. 4. Material requested may be purchased for $ . . Make check or money order for exact amount stated and payable to , AFO, Maxwell AFB, AL 36112, and send it to AFSHRC/HOA. 5. Because of backlog of work, a delay of. .is anticipated in providing the material. 6. A large backlog of official requests makes it impossible to provide the material requested. 7. Forwarded to you for appropriate action and direct reply to the requestor, who (has) (has not) been notified of this referral. 8. Suggest you submit your request to: 9. Information concerning unit emblems may be requested from AFMPC (DPMASA) Randolph AFB, TX 78148. See A P R 900-3 for emblem procedure. 10. For availability of photography submit request to: ["_'] 1361 AVS, ATTN: Photo Depository Section, 1221 S. Fern St., Arlington VA 22202, [ | Audiovisual Records Div, National Archives, Washington DC 20408. 11. Suggest you visit our Center at Maxwell AFB to do your research. See attached brochure. 12. Before coming to Maxwell AFB for research, contact the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force (SAFOIP), Washington, D.C. 20330, to obtain proper authorization for access to our documentation collection. 13. Please refer to: [7| Maurer (adj.). Air Force Combat Units of World War II (Washington: USGPO, 1961; New York: Franklin Watts, 1963). Now out of print. f " | Maurer (ed.), Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (Washington: USGPO, 1969). Available from Superintendent of ' Documents (D 301.26/6:C73/2), $8.25. |~ | Craven and Cote (eds.). The Army Air Forces in World War II (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 7 vols., 1948-1958), Vols II, III, V, VII ar« available from publisher, $20.00 a volume. [" | Futrell, The United States Air Force in Korea (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pnarce, 1961). Out of print. | j Cresswell & Berger, United States Air Force History, An Annotated Bibliography (Washington, D.C.: Air Force Office of History, 1«»), Supt of Documents, GPO (0870«-0307), 50 cents. | ~ | Mueller & Carson, The Army Air Forces in World War II: Combat Chronology, 1941-1945 (Washington: USGPO, 1 975). from Superintendent of Documents, GPO (0870-00334), $14.30. | Available | Item 16 for list of references on your subject. |" J Your local library (or these or other published materials. 14. Request for extension granted. New suspense date will be: 15. Request return of material forwarded on Document Receipt Number dated , with a suspense date of ..... 16."Remarks: Reference our several tefephone conversations, attached are the following items: Aircraft record data for S/N 56-4362 and extracts from the 4500th Air Base Wing histories, January 1962-December 1963. 16mm microfilm copies of the 315th Special Operations Wing will be forwarded as soon as they are processed. I still cannot identify the other serial number. During 1966, S/N 54-568 was at Davis-Monthan and England AFB; S/N 55-4568 was stationed at Eglin AFB. TYPED NAME AND TITLE JUDY G. ENDICOTT Chief of Circulation 3800 0-245 PREV EDIT WILL BE USED SIGN A' �C-125B, Serial Number 56-4562 13 Sep Sep Jul Dec Mar *May **Jul **Jan **Apr 57 57 58 61 62 62 63 64 66 **Sep 66 Delivered to the USAF To 463d Troop Carrier Wg (TAG), Ardmore AFB, OK To 464th Troop Carrier Wg (TAG), Pope AFB, NC To 346th Troop Carrier Sq (9AF, TAG), Pope AFB, NC To 347th Troop Carrier Sq (9AF, TAG), Pope AFB, NC To 4500th Air Base Wg (TAG), Langley AFB, VA To 315th Air Div Hq (PACAF), Tan Son Nhut AB, RVN To 2d Air Division Hq (PACAF), Tan Son Nhut AF, RVN To 377th Combat Support Gp (PACAF), Tan Son Nhut AB, RVN To 315th Air Commando Wg (later designated Special Operations Wg, then Tactical Airlift Wg), stationed various times at Tan Son Nhut AB, Bien Hoa AB, and Phan Rang AB, RVN Aircraft record indicates that 56-4362 was modified to UC123B in Nov 1967. The record also indicates that this aircraft returned to the States in Jun 1968 and was modified to UC-123K, returning to the 315SOW in Sep 1968. Feb 72 To Hayes Aircraft Corp, Dothan AL for contract work Aug 72 To 911th Tactical Airlift Gp (AFRES), Pittsburgh PA Dec 72 To 901th Tactical Airlift Gp (AFRES), Laurence G. Hanscorn AFB, MA Sep 73 Assigned to same unit, but moved to Westover MA and "U" dropped from UC-123K Apr 74 To 731st Tactical Airlift Squadron (AFRES), Westover AFB, MA Nov 77 To Hayes Aircraft Corporation, Dothan AL last entry as of Oct 78 *Probably used for aerial spraying or defoliation **Possibly used for spraying/defoliation �63 Foreign Clearance: The f o r e i g n clearance section of base operations provided briefings for 233 flights to foreign destinations. The number included, 15 B-57 a i r c r a f t to Bermuda on 2 and 3 June; 20 F-100 a i r c r a f t to France on 11 and 12 June; 35 high flight a i r c r a f t ; 18 T - 2 9 navigator training flights; and, 180 other departures. It provided additional support in cooperation with the Coast Guard for the air search for the missing KB-50 discussed previously in this chapter. Special Aerial Spray Flight The Special Aerial Spray Flight was a section of the n o n - O / T authorization of the 4500th Air Base Wing. Its purpose is to p e r f o r m aerial spray missions in conformance with AFR 90-3, dated 21 March 1958, and TAG Supplement 90-3, dated 15 March 1961. The policies and responsibilities are outlined in these regulations. Training pilots to qualify as both C-123 pilots and spray pilots was a p r i m a r y problem. Pilots w e r e either qualified in one phase or the other during the entire period and at the close of the reporting period no pilot assigned to the flight was a qualified spray pilot in the C-123 aircraft. C r e w s w e r e being trained and plans indicated c r e w s qualified in b o t h phases would be available soon. Shortage of personnel in administ r a t i v e and a i r c r e w p o s i t i o n s t o g e t h e r with absence of personnel on TDY ( r o u t e d problem:) in every are.i of t h i s operation. �64 At the close of the reporting period, tests w e r e being conducted using herbicides with the Advance R e s e a r c h P r o j e c t s Agency of U. S. Government. During the period three spraying missions were conducted at Langley AFB. The statistics follow: Area sprayed. Insecticide used Flying time Total cost Cost per acre 36, 414 acres 13, 970 gallons 10: 55 hours $20, 903. 56 $0. 61 average \ Standardization Board During the period of this report, the Standardization Board has given 200 pilot and navigator standardization checks. A new standardization program has been initiated for all multi-engine support a i r c r a f t . This program includes new w.ritten examinations and a more comprehensive flight check. The two assigned personnel of the Wing Standardization Board attended the TAG SEG School. The Wing Standardization Board has only one major w r i t e - u p during the IG Inspection. This w r i t e - u p was for not being properly manned. All flight mechanics have been given a new w r i t t e n examina- tion in their appropriate a i r c r a f t . The Standardization/Evaluation Review Panel has'held one meeting d u r i n g the period of this r e p o r t . Major H e r b e r t W. Jones a s s u m e d the �65 the installation of a pony teletype circuit which, speeds the delivery of NOTAMs. Plans called for a passenger lounge, an improved dispatch section, and an improved snack bar. The Foreign Clearance section provided foreign clearance briefings to 233 flights clearing to foreign destinations. Of this number, 48 were high flight aircraft, 16 were T-29 navigation training flights, and 189 others which included many flights from the 4505th Air Refueling Wing. The section was host in providing a four-hour navigation orientation program for 150 ROTC Cadets in August. In October and November, the Foreign Clearance section moved to temporary facilities to provide space for crews standing alert during the Cuban operation. Special Aerial Spray Flight The Special Aerial Spray Flight, a section of the non Operations/ Training authorization of the 4500th Air Base Wing for the purpose of performing Aerial Spray Missions in accordance with AFR 91-22, was the responsibility of the Commander, 4500th Air Base Wing. The responsibilities included development of aerial insecticide dispersal techniques in cooperation with other government agencies, �66 training aircrews for the performance of spray missions, and maintaining a repository of special flying and technical skills for expansion, disaster relief, and tactical operations. The spray flight also maintained, published and distributed to interested agencies biological and operational information concerning the aerial spray program. During this period 16 bases were approved for aerial spray work; however, only 11 bases were serviced because modification of the aircraft for granular insecticide dispersal was not completed in time to service the 16 bases that were approved for spraying. o Statistics for this period are as follows: 28 sorties were flown. 368,050 acres were covered. 33,484 gallons were aerially dispersed. 68:40 spray time was recorded. 75:10 f e r r y time to and from bases sprayed. $.33 average cost per acre for the period. $52,170. 90 total cost for this period. Sixteen missions were flown in support of the Advance Research Projects Agency (ARPAJ tests conducted at Eglin AFB, Fla. The program began during the last week of June 1962. 33:40 hours spray time was recorded in dispersing 4, 251 gallons of spray. Plans have been made to complete the ARPA test in the spring of 1963 at Eglin AFB, Fla. �53 Special Aerial Spray Flight The special aerial spray flight continued operations providing aerial insecticide dispersal services for agencies of the Department of Defense and for other agencies as directed by Hq TAG. The flight continued development of aerial insecticide dispersal techniques in cooperation with interested government agencies; it trained aircrews; it maintained records of special flying and technical skills needed for expansion, disaster relief, and tactical operations; and it maintained, published, and distributed to interested agencies biological and operational information. The flight was a non operations-training section authorized by AFR 91-22, 10 September 1962, and it was responsible to the commander of the 4500th Air Base Wing. The flight was supervised by Capt. Carl W. Marshall and had a complement of 17 pilots, 10 flight engineers, one clerk typist, and one entomologist, Dr. (Capt.) Claude T.' Adams. Seven aircraft were assigned to the flight. Three of these were committed to Viet Nam, one was undergoing modification to a granular spray system, one was undergoing calibration tests �54 for a new and larger spray system at Eglin AFB, Fla. , and two were available for spraying in the United States. Headquarters TAG approved 21 government reservations for spraying. By the end of the period, only seven of these areas had been sprayed because of the unusually low temperatures experienced this spring. Statistics covering the spray operations follow: Sorties flown Acres sprayed Gallons sprayed Hours flown spraying Hours flown ferrying aircraft to spray sites Average cost of spraying per acre Total cost of spraying operations 85 209,720 68,000 59:05 31:40 $. 36 $74, 731. 30 In addition to the spraying of government reservations, the flight was engaged in three other activities. The first was a calibration test conducted at Lackland AFB, Tex. in January. The 6570th EPI Laboratory at Lackland was to evaluate the dispersal techniques and procedures used by the spray flight. Even though the 6570th EPI Laboratory had the responsibility to set up the test program, their personnel were not familiar with the present day modern dispersal techniques. As a result, the evaluation program was of little value. �55 A second activity took place at Eglin AFB, Fla. A program began in May to test a larger spraying system. The test program was still underway at the end of the period and the final results may be available in July or August. The last of the three activities took place in Viet Nam. Three crew and aircraft were committed to this operation during the entire period. The average length of tour for each crew averaged approximately four months, with the tours being rotated among the spray flight personnel. This rotation of crew personnel to Viet Nam caused an occasional temporary shortage of qualified spray flight crews in the United States. The mission in Viet Nam concerned defoliation activities. Safety The Office of Safety incurred three personnel changes during the period 1 January through 30 June 63. A civilian secretary to the Director of Safety was promoted and transferred to Hq TAG. Immediately following this action, a freeze was placed on hiring civilian personnel a,nd as a result, the position was abolished to enable the Wing to meet a directed manpower cut. �49 over-water navigation proficiency flights during the period. F i f t y - s e v e n navigators used these flights to accomplish the AFM 60-1 flying requirements. Twenty-eight proficiency flights were scheduled during the six-month period. Eighteen were flown as scheduled and 10 were cancelled or aborted due to maintenance. Special Aerial Spray Flight The Special Aerial Spray Flight, authorized by AFR 91-22, 10 September 1962, was responsible to the Commander, 4500th Air Base Wing. The mission of the Spray Flight was as follows; To provide aerial insecticide dispersal services for all agencies of the Department of Defense (DOD) and other government agencies as directed by Headquarters TAG; to develop aerial insecticide dispersal techniques in cooperation with other government agencies; to train aircrews and maintain records of special flying and technical skills, for expansion, disaster relief and tactical operations; and to maintain, publish and distribute to interested agencies biological and operational information. During this reporting period there were 17 pilots, 10 flight �50 engineers and one clerk assigned with Captain Carl W. Marshall as OIC. Spray Flight was also authorized an Entomologist, Captain Claude T. Adams. Of the seven assigned C-123 spray aircraft, three w e r e in Viet Nam conducting defoliation missions, one aircraft completed modifications to the granular system and underwent calibration testing at Macon Municipal Airport, Ga., and spent the remainder of the period conducting spray operations against fire ants at Liberty Field, Ga. progress. This operation is still in 9 These figures do not include the granular dispersal now being conducted against fire ants, since this project is not completed, nor does it include our defoliation missions in Viet Nam or a special insecticide control mission against bombay locusts in Bangkok, Thialand. No serious problems w e r e encountered; however, due to the rotation system of personnel to the Viet Nam area, aircraft manning of c r e w s s u f f e r e d occasionally due to lag time between crews returning and replacement crews rotating. Flying Safety The Wing experienced no accidents during the reporting period � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 020 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0314 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Typescripts: Special Aerial Spray Flight Information from 4500 Air Base Wing History 1962, 1963; History of C123B, Serial Number 56-4362 Subject The topic of the resource Ranch Hand aircraft pesticide application spray equipment https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/9515a0a5298a768106c7e70e7cf7f48f.pdf 18aca7d062ec991475a82e567eb3c695 PDF Text Text Item ID Number 00321 Author Corporate Author Report/Article TitlG Typescript: Captain Buckingham's Planned Itinerary; with typescript: listing of names and addresses; with manuscript: notes Journal/Book Title Year 0000 Month/Day Color Number of Images 6 Doscrlpton Notes Monday, January 22, 2001 Page 321 of 341 �CAPTAIN BUCKINGHAM'S PLANNED ITINERARY Sunday, May 8 Fly to Nashville, TN (615) 893-0^73 Monday, May 9 Fly to Memphis, TN Drive to Carrollton, MS Conduct interview with: Lt Col Carl W. Marshall Box 121 Carrollton, MS 38917 (601) 237-6733 or 237-6222 Tuesday, May 10 Complete interview with Marshall Drive toward De Funiak Springs, FL Wednesday May 11 Complete drive to De Funiak Springs Conduct interview with: Major Marcus B, Keene, Jr. P.O. Box 562 De Funiak Springs, FL 32^33 892-7605 Thursday, May 12 Drive to Crystal River, FL Conduct interview with: Major Charles F. Hagerty Box 174 Crystal River, FL 32629, ( 0 ) 795-3671 9^ Friday May 13 Complete interview with Hagerty Drive to Cocoa Beach, FL Conduct interview with: Dr. James W. Brown 468 Barrello Lane Cocoa Beach, FL 32931 (305) 783-989^ Saturday May 14 Complete interview with Brown Sunday May 15 Fly back to Washington �RET'D GRADE DATE OF RETIREMENT NAME /•A /?& SSAN Hagerty, Charles F, .26^08^9 MAJ January 19? 0 /^ /#»^ /:V/ <?'*/*/*/ ..'/? /•< tf Archibald, William J. X^J'-e <$&^^^ t t /•- /• Overman, Harry S. /riY&^sT, 336 2 f ^ 0*48228952 / MAJ> July.l9?0 ^X? ^/> Sf'tr**/ 7 312129>25 LTC July 196 THE FOLLOWING MAY ALSO BE RETIRED, OR THEY MAY BE IN THE RESERVES Adkins, Lloyd H. Unknown (AFSN A03065103) Devlin, Michael W. , Jr. Unknown (AFSN A0303?452 Robinson, William F., J^. >5538400L / X>r 77, /?*cA&W "/ , John R. , ' 56(^06^78 Marshall, C.W. / # ' M/ ?// Stammer, E.D. ' Unknown (AFSN A0936656) Unknown (AFSN �.) Deirffe, d, S)/ t& 3 tSr*^ Tveo? <2w^v ^rt^ cT i U'^ PL C- H 0^ ^- 3 - A/A } (0 *~ 1*2.'' \e> �67 Z. Zfdl f Jr I ^ u c ^ , (A - W* AC® /I u n ^ v U 10 O ( �V 9.t* C ' &> it : &n 7 X). 3o ^ PC 1" I M- Lar-mw UJ. HAt\-C^ �c)£ ) �&Q£0f 0 'A / -^ , / 72^ ^ Z fa ' ^/cow /nw^M/n ' / / � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 020 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0321 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Typescript: Captain Buckingham's Planned Itinerary; with typescript: listing of names and addresses; with manuscript: notes Subject The topic of the resource spray equipment Ranch Hand aircraft USAF history https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/c4cfba3f574bb8c7e8c9ecb2f4bf86e4.pdf e038bae0e5ce4f04b5c35a1b48452b2c PDF Text Text Item ID Number °0322 Author Corporate Author RepOrt/ArtJClB TitlB Vu-Graphs of Operational Aspects of Operation Ranch Hand Journal/Book Title Year °00° Month/Day Color Number of Images 0 5 Descriptor! Notes Monday, January 22, 2001 Page 322 of 341 ��7^ ��CONSOLE OPERATOR A/A 45 Y-I Spray System OPERATION RANCH HAND SOUTH VIETNAM 1967 ALViN L Y'J'JKG, .Vbpr, USAF Consultant, L/wiioiir.-iOiViul Sciences CONSOLE OPERATOR A/A 45 Y-! Spray System OPERATION RANCH HAND SOUTH VIETNAM 1967 ALVIN L YOUNG, Major, USAF Consultant, Environmental Sciences ��ALVIN I. * Consultar.t, �I 1 �SPAtff stiStGf W*«D" Q,rcfArr. etc-/23 ALVIM L. YGU?-^, A.-Vj-or, USAF ��ALVIN L YGU!'-G; A.'-,;--, � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 020 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0322 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vu-Graphs of Operational Aspects of Operation Ranch Hand Subject The topic of the resource spray equipment Ranch Hand aircraft defoliation https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/1315041a21c910eaaa5eb001942c60a0.pdf dd86b9720e49a795f08aaf172cf6baa3 PDF Text Text Item ID Number ou354 Author Corporate Author U -S- Army Test and Evaluation Command, U.S. Army Av Report/Article Title Report of Test USATECOM Project Numbers 5-4-3001 01 and -02, Integrated Engineering/Service Test of an Interim Defoliant System Conducted Jointly by the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force, Part I - Service Test Journal/Book Title Year 1965 Month/Day Ma Color Number of Images y 25 D 52 ^'vin ^- Young had this item filed under the category "Equipment - How Developed, How Used"; DA Project No. 1C543603D432; USATECOM Project No. 5-43001-02 Monday, January 29, 2001 Page 354 of 382 �6 UNCLASSIFIED Project w». t 5-q- jooc owd - ox Terf" Defense Documentation Center Defense Logistics Agency Cameron Station • Alexandria, Virginia UNCLASSIFIED �-•••.• • , . . . . - • . • . » -•-••••_ ' •• : •.' ..v. •'•-!;•;••'•.•.!'.'•• • - • - . - ; > • ' : • * .i.-:'/j:f,\--;: J;"v,."^;r.-:>' "'.i/i-';"^'^,!^ ::: :; '.$•. '-vV^^-'. "?V.''t'^'t^'fi" ;. '^: ' �K REPORT OV TEST PROJECT NUMBERS 5-4-3001-01 «nd -02 INTEGRATED ENGINEERINC/SERVICE TEST OF AN INTERIM DEFOLIANT SYSTEM CONDUCTED JOINTLY BY THE US ARMY AND US A» FORCE PART I - SERVICE TEST. USATECOM PROJECT NO. «-4-30<H-0? PA PROJECT NO. !CS43(>0-iD432 28MAY1S55 Jli U S ARMY AVIATION TEST BOARD FORT RUCKER, ALABAMA TIS A ' �NOTICE: Hher government or other drawings, specifications or other data are used for any purpose other than in connection with a definitely related government procurement operation, the U. S. Government thereby incurs no responsibility, nor any obligation •whatsoever; and the fact that the Government nay have formulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the said drawings, specifications, or other data is not to be regarded by implication or othervise as In any manner licensing the bolder or any other person or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission to manufacture, use or sell any patented Invention that may in any way be related thereto. �COPY DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY HEADQUARTERS, US ARMY TEST AND EVALUATION COMMAND Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005 AMSTE-NB 17 Jun 1965 SUBJECT: Final Report of ES Test of an Interim Defoliant System Conducted Jointly by U. S. Army and U. S. Air Force, USATECOM Project 5-4-3001-01/02, DA Project 1B543603D432 TO: Commanding General, U. S. Army Materiel Command, ATTN: AMCPM-AI, Washington, D. C. 20315 Commanding General, U. S. Army Combat Developments Command, ATTN: USACDC LnO. USATECOM, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md. 21005 1. References: a. Report of Test Project 5-4-3001-01/02, ES Test of Interim Defoliant System, Conducted Jointly by U. S. Army and U. S. Air Force Parti, Service Test, USATECOM Project 5-4-3001-02, 28 May 1965, U. S. Army Aviation Test Board. (Incl 1). b. Appendix n to above, classified CONFIDENTIAL. (Incl 2) c. Final Report of ES Test of Interim Defoliant System Conducted Jointly by U. S. Army and U. S. Air Force, Part n, Physical and Climatic Tests, USATECOM Project 5-4-3001-01, May 1965, Dugway Proving Ground. (Incl 3) d. Final Report of ES Test of Interim Defoliant System Conducted Jointly by U. S. Army and U. S. Air Force, Part IH, Dissemination Tests, May 1965, Dugway Proving Ground, classified CONFIDENTIAL. (Incl 4) COPY �£OP Y ' AMSTE-NB 17 Jun 1965 SUBJECT; Final Report of ES Test of an Interim Defoliant System ' Conducted Jointly by U. S. Army and U. S. Air Force, I USATECOM Project 5-4-3001-01/02, DA Project 1B543603D432 2. The final report consisting of three parts, reference 1, has been reviewed by this Headquarters and the USA TECOM evaluation of the Interim Defoliant System is as stated in the following paragraphs. 3. Tanks were filled using gravity flow from 55 gallon drums in . the absence of standard filling equipment. It is not expected that the use of hand pump (FSN 4930-255-9132) wil1 create any problems. 4. Standardized ground equipment of the type necessary for handling and mounting the spray tank did not exist in the Army inventory at the time of this ES test. 5. The maintenance package, which consisted of Review Manuscripts MP 3-1040-240-12 and -20P, was evaluated and considered unsuitable. The system was not operated long enough to give adequate data for determination of the spare parts list requirements. 6. Two (2) deficiencies were found during engineering and service tests, as follows: a. Rupture of forward coupling hose during a high internal pressure condition. b. Rupture of rear coupling hose during a high internal pressure condition. Corrective modifications were incorporated into the systems prior to their delivery to U. S. Air Force for the service test. 7. The system, as tested, complied with the operational characteristics of the approved SDR, except for reliability. 8. The modifications incorporated in the Defoliant Systems delivered to the U. S. Air Force for their service test should correct the 2 COPY �CO£Y_ AMSTE-NB 17 Jun 1965 SUBJECT: Final Report of ES Teat of.an Interim Defoliant System Conducted Jointly by U. S. Army and U. S. Air Force, USATECOM Project 5-4-3001-01/C2, DA Project 1B543603D432 deficiencies and shortcomings found in this test. The U. S. Air Force testing should be monitored closely to determine the suitability of these corrections and to compile data to complete the maintenance package, to evaluate agent transfer equipment and system reliability. The requirement for a confirmatory or check test should be determined after results of U.S. Air Force testing has been evaluated. 9. Conclusions: a. The interim defeliant system should be suitable for Army use on the armed OV-1C Airplane after the deficiencies and shortcomings have been corrected. b. The interim defeliant system was found to be compatible with the armed OV-1C Airplane.. c. The flight time alloted for the service and dissemination tests was insufficient to determine adequately the reliability and life of the system and to compile an adequate spare parts list. 10. It is recommended that: a. Provided that the reliability requirement is achieved, the interim defeliant system, modified to correct the deficiencies and shortcomings, be considered suitable for Army use on the armed OV-1C Airplane. COPY �COPY_ b. The results of the U. S. Air Force serivce test of the modified system be reviewed to determine any requirement for further Army testing. c. The Review Manuscripts MP 3-1040-240-12 and-20P should be revised prior to production procurement of the interim defoliant system. i . , , . •_: :, ,.-.. .: , FOR THE COMMANDER: r 4 Incls as USANC - 5 cys of each Incl USA CDC - 10 cys of each Incl .;..:•. i Copies furnished: OLIVER H. ASPINWALL, JR. Capt, AGC Asst Admin Officer CO, USAMC, ATTN: AMCRD-DB (w/1 cy of each Incl) CO, USAMUCOM (w/1 cy of each Incl) CO, USA Edgewood Arsenal (w/5 cy of each Incl) CO, DPG (w/o Incls) Pres, USAAVNNTED (w/0 Incls) 4 COPY �DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY UNITED STATES ARMY AVIATION TEST BOARD "Fort Rucker, Alabama 36362 REPORT OF TEST USATECOM PROJECT NUMBERS S-4-3001-01 and -02 INTEGRATED ENGINEERING/SERVICE TEST V 'OF AN INTERIM DEFOLIANT SYSTEM CONDUCTED JOINTLY BY THE "US ARMY AND US AIR FORCE PART I - SERVICE TEST. USATECOM PROJECT NO. 5-4-3001-02 DA PROJECT NO. 1C543603D432 DDC AVAILABILITY NOTICE US Government agencies may obtain copies of this report directly from DDC. Other qualified DDG users shall request through Commanding General, US Army Materiel Command, ATTN: AMCPM-MO, Washington D.C. 20315. l Bf niff.nwi QtJABTEBS PENDING Colonel, Artillery President �I Previous page was blank, therefore not filmed. I �I Previous page was blank, therefore not filmed. [ ABSTRACT This report on the Integrated Engineering /Service Test of the Interim Defoliant System consists of three parts. Dugway Proving Ground is responsible for the Physical Test and the Dissemination Test, and reports of these tests will be submitted later. The Service Test of the Interim Defoliant System on the armed OV-1C was conducted by the USAAVNTBD at Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, during the period 14 September through 6 October 1964. Two deficiencies and three shortcomings were found during this test. It was concluded that the interim defoliant system should be suitable for Army use after correction of the deficiencies and shortcomings, that the system was compatible with the armed OV-1C Airplane, that the Review Manuscripts MP 31040-240-12 and -20P should be revised prior to production procurement of the system, and that the time allotted for test was insufficient to compile an adequate spare parts list. It was recommended that the interim defoliant system be considered suitable for Army use on the armed OV-1C when the deficiencies and shortcomings are corrected and that the results of the US Air Force service test be reviewed to determine any requirement for further Army testing. �previous page was blank, therefore not filmed. I DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY UNITED STATES ARMY AVIATION TEST BOARD Fort Rucker, Alabama 36362 REPORT OF TEST PART I - SERVICE TEST OF AN INTERIM DEFOLIANT SYSTEM Table of Contents Page No. SECTION 1 - GENERAL 1. 1, 1.2. 1. 3. 1.4. 1.5. 1. 6. 1.7. 1.8. 1.9. 1. 10. . References Authority Test Objectives Responsibilities Description of Materiel Background Findings Discussion Conclusions Recommendations , SECTION 2 - DETAILS AND RESULTS OF SUBTESTS . . . 2.0. 2.1. 2. 2. 2.3. 2.4. Introduction. . . Installation Requirements Flight Safety Aspects and Dimension Data . . . Operational Data. ; . . . . . Rocket and Machine-Gun Firing During Spray Operation 2.5. Servicing Requirements . 2. 6. Evaluation of Safety Aspects. • vii 1 1 2 2 3 3 8 9 16 16 16 17 19 19 20 21 22 25 26 �Table of Contents (Continued) Page No. SECTION 3 - APPENDICES 27 I. Test Data IL Comparison with the SDR (Classified CONFIDENTIAL: presented under separate cover) m. Deficiencies and Shortcomings IV. Detailed Description of Materiel V. Coordination VI. Distribution List viii l-l II>1 III-l IV-1 V-l VI-1 �SECTION 1 - GENERAL 1.1. REFERENCES. a. Letter, STEDP-CB, Headquarters, Dugway Proving Ground, 20 February 1964, subject: "Dugway Proving Ground Test Plan . ... (OPGTP) C 432, Integrated Engineering/Service Test of an Interim Defoliant System Conducted Jointly by the US Army and US Air Force, USATECOM Project No. 5-4-3001-01 and -02, " with one inclosure. b. Letter, AM3TE-NBC, Headquarters, US Army Test and Evaluation Command, 30 March 1964, subject: "Test Directive, USATECOM Project No. 5-4-3001-03, ED Test of Interim Defoliant System for OV-1 Mohawk, " with two inclosures. c. Letter, CDCMR-U, Headquarters, US Army Comb&t Developments Command, 4 May 1964, subject: "Department of the Army (DA) Approved Small Development Requirement (SDR) for an Interim Defoliant System, " with o n e inclosure. ••• " d. Letter, AMCRD-SR, Headquarters, US Army Materiel Command, 25 May 1964, subject: "Department of the Army (DA) Approved Small Development Requirement (SDR) for an Interim Defoliant System." e. Letter, AMSTE-NBC, Headquarters, US Army Test and Evaluation Command, 19 June 1964, subject: "Engineering/Service Test of Interim Defoliant System, USATECOM Project No. 5-4-3001-00. " f. Review Manuscript, MP 3-1040-240-12, "Operator and Organizational Maintenance Manual, Spray Tank, Biological, Airplane, E44 (End Item Code 958)," Department of the Army, June 1964, as corrected 8 September 1964. g. Summary Report 64-10, "Automatic Spot Counter and Sixer, " Dugway Proving Ground, July 1964. h. Letter, BUWEPS RAAD-131/14: CMM, 31 August 1964, subject: "Model OV-1 Aircraft - Recommended Flight Operating Limitations (Armament Aircraft); Revision to. " �i. Review Manuscript, MP 3-1040-240-20P, "Organizational Maintenance Repair Parts and Special Tools Lasts for Spray Tank, Biological, Airplane, E44, (FSN ), (End Item Code 958), " Department of the Army. 1.2. 1.2. 1. Directive. . , Letter, AMSTE-BG, Headquarters, US Army Test and Evaluation Command, 10 December 1963, subject: "Directive for Conducting an Integrated Engineering /Service Test of an Interim Defoliant System for the OV-1 (Mohawk) Aircraft Jointly with the US Air Force, USATECOM Project No. 5-4-3001-00," as amended 30 January 1964. 1. 2. 2. Purpose. To determine the suitability of the interim defoliant system on the OV-1 (Mohawk) for the purpose of recommending type classification. 1. 3. TEST OBJECTIVES. 1.3.1. Primary. To determine whether the performance, reliability, maintenance requirements, and suitability of the Army Interim Defoliant System for the OV-1 (Mohawk) Aircraft meet the SDR. 1.3.2. Secondary. 1. 3. 2.1. To determine whether the interim defoliant system will interfere with the defensive capability of the OV-1 armed with machine guns and rocket subsystems and whether the use of such systems will adversely affect the spray tanks. 1.3. 2. 2. To obtain data for prediction of contamination densities and area coverages for a variety of release heights and wind velocities. �1.4. : RESPONSIBILITIES. . 1.4. 1. Dugway Proving Ground. , . -L •" • . \ ' ' ^' I—• : .Dugway Proving Ground was responsible for: 1.4.1.1. Consolidating and coordinating the plan of teat. ',<••, • '' 1.4.1.2. Providing support for the Service Test accomplished at Dugway Proving Ground. , ; : 1.4. 1. 3. Conducting the Physical and Dissemination Testa. 1.4,1.4. Providing a representative to monitor the Climatic Test conducted by the US Air Force for the US Army. * -, : .v 1.4. i.5. Providing USATECOM with part IE, Physical Te«t (to include US Air Force Climatic Test) and part m, Dissemination Test, of the report of test. ; • . _ ' • • " * • • . 1 *4'2' " US Arm • ' • . - • • . - ' - - • - ' - y Aviation Test Board (USA.AVNTBD). The USAAVNTBD was responsible for: 1.4.2. 1. Providing support for, and participating in, the Dissemination Test accomplished at Dugway Proving Ground, Utah. 1. 4. 2. 2. Conducting the Service Test. 1.4. 2. 3. Providing USATECOM with part I, Service Test, of the report of test. 1.4.3. US Army Biological Laboratories. The US Army Biological L/aboratorieB were responuible for providing the defoliant system for all tests. 1.5. DESCRIPTION OF MATERjEL. The defoliant system consists of two E-44 biological onvay tanko designed to epray chemical agents from an rirplane fitted for external wing stores. The system was installed on an armed OV-1C Airplane. A detailed description is contained in appendix IV. �Figure 1. Nose-cone section with four-bladed ram-air drive turbine. 1. 5.1. Tank. , The tacks are modified Aero 1C 150-gallon auxiliary fuel tanks. The npse-cone section contains a variable pitch, four-bladed, ram-air drive turbine which is coupled directly to a centrifugal pump (figures 1 and 2). The pump provides the pressure necessary to disseminate the agent at a rate up to 350 gallons per minute. The nose-cone section was protected by an aluminum bulkhead which reduced the tank capacity to 134 gallons. On the armed OV-1C Airplane, �Figure 2. Nose-cone section with upper cowling removed. the tank was further limited to a capacity of 80 gallons of agent by the store - station weight limitations. The tail section houses a motoroperated gate valve which controls the fluid flow from the chemical transfer line (pump output) to a spray boom horizontally mounted on the rear of the tank. (See figure 3.) The spray boom has 32 tapped outlets which accommodate the number of nozzles for the desired dissemination rate (figures 4 and 5). �Figure 3. .Tail section with inspection plate removed showing motoroperated gate valve. 1.5.2. Agent, The defoliant agent used during testing consisted of a 50/50 mixture of LNA and LNB called "Orange" (Chemical Corps purchase description: 198-2-47EA, Herbicide Mixtuve, Orange). The agent was dyed with six grams of Dupont Oil Rerl (C. I. 258) per liter of agent for test purposes. 6 , �Figure 4. Rear view of the interim defoliant system installed on wing station No. 4, showing the Spray boom with 32 nozzles installed. An LAU 32/A 2. 75-inch FFAR pod is mounted on wing station 6 with the XM-14 50-caliber machine-gun pod on wing station 5. 1.5.3. Controls. The gate valve and turbine brake are electrically controlled from the armu.ment panel in the cockpit, utilizing the 28-volt d. c. electrical system. "" " �Figure 5. 1.6. Close-up view of spray boom nozzles. BACKGROUND. 1. 6.1. The requirement for the defoliant system is contained in subparagraph 129d(4), appendix E, of the Combat Developments Objectives Guide. 1.6.2. The US Army Biological Laboratories were the prime contractor for developing the defoliant system for use by both the US Army and US Air Force. �1. 6. 3. The defoliant system was given a safety- of -flight release on 31 August 1964 (reference h). , <• - * j. \ ' - \* ' . * t '• -. .'V-O/' 1 "^* f 1.6.4. A coordination' meeting of all participating agencies was held at Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, on 23 March 1965. The following resulted: . ' . - . .^ •*"- , . - - > > 1.6.4.1. The USATECOM representative authorized: v *-*vC*' 1 "". . ' ' , "' "'• "W*--1 a. Submission of a three -part report of test instead of one integrated report. Part I, the Service Test report, contains a complete "Section I - General" (including findings, conclusions, and recommendations of all the parts of test), and is the responsibility of the USAAVNTBD. Part II, the Physical Test, includes the Climatic Test conducted by the US Air Force. Part ffl is the Dissemination Test. Dugway Proving Ground is responsible for parts n and in and will submit these parts directly to USATECOM. '- *** j •- - ' ' : ' ' : . b. Use of pertinent data from the US Air Force test with the modified tanks to evaluate the maintenance package and refilling procedures. If possible, previous Dissemination Test data based on prediction will be confirmed. > • ' . ' • .• • 1. 6. 4. 2. Suitability of the maintenance and refilling data obtained from the US Air Force service test on the modified tanks will determine the requirement for a check test. Two tanks will be modified and made available for a check test if required. 1.7. FINDINGS. 1.7.1. General. ...,< l . v 1. 7. 1. 1. The system was installed on the armed CV-1C Airplane with adequate clearances and without exceeding center -of-gravity (e.g.) limits in any configuration. Initial installation and system check-out including filling time required 7. 72 man-hours. (Tanks were filled after being mounted on the aircraft. ) The only reconfiguration of the airplane was disconnecting the electrical cannon plugs for the Aero 65 racks on wing stations 3 and 4. The spray tank wiring was connected directly into the wing outlet located in the pylon; therefore, only manual jettison was possible. �- "" '-''.' ." ^iv%~ . "- ""-£.' '•'"'7..'V3 - • ^ ' : ..' <-- %;••:•• :,-| .*>**£&. -'• ^ : k \::^-?-.3*i .-.'•! 4 '""""J;.-'4 -' Jt ':^S'^S ^/..V;^'' 7fc« Iv^-^i^/^^^k ''i^ " • ^ >y fc^ ^^5*^- vJ^4f:^^.v-v;-r^^r?4i^V .-. - ' llfe'iS Figure '6. Gravity-f?o\v filling of installed spray tank usi:ig a 55gallon drum and an MJ-3 loading trailer. 10 �Figure 7. The MJ-3 loading trailer with load spreader supporting a spray tank in position. 1. 7.1. 2. Gravity-flow filling of the system (used to fill tanks mounted on the airplane) required 1.5 man-hours. No special transfer equipment was provided. Equipment uscr' \vaa a 55-gallon drum with attached nozzle (figure,6). A simpler and faster method of filling the tank is needed. No difficulty was encountered in filling the tank when external stores were carried on wing stations I, 2, 5, and 6. 1.7.1.3. The use of MJ-3 loading trailers which incorporate a lift platform expedited mounting and filling operations (figure 7). The only other ground-handling equipment utilized was a utility transport 11 �Figure 8. Utility transport trailer with two spray tanks installed. trailer (figure 8) capable of carrying two full tanks. This equipment is not Army standard. Mounting empty tanks on the wing stations and then filling them with agent was faster and safer than mounting full tanks. 1. 7.1. 4. The tank and packaging were not damaged and had not deteriorated, and the tank was functional after exposure to the following tests (details are contained in part U, Physical Test): a. High temperature b. Low temperature 12 �c. Temperature chock d. Rain "' e. " ' •' - '• • Humidity f. ' '"' " ' • " """• '• ; -: "- : »* Salt spray g. Sand and dust .. ... „ .1 h. Incline impact (except for splitting of cleats in shipping , i. Corner-wise drop j. Rough road haul crate) . , . _ k . Slosh . , .-..'.".'•; 1. Ground transportation vibration m. Air transportation vibration (packaging was damaged but tr>^ tank was operable) 1, 7.1. 5. Safety features of the system were considered adequate; however, there was nc de-vice to prevent spillage through the overflow tube during ground handling and accelerations. The agent was a. mild skin irritant and harmful to macadam surfaces. Spills on a sod field would cause discoloration which could be an undesirable tactical feature as it would invite attention to the area by cir craft. 1.7. 1.6. The maintenance package, which consisted of Review Manuscripts MP 3-1040-240-12 and -20P, was evaluated and considered unsuitable. The system was not operated long enough to give adequate data to determine a spare parts list required. No special skills or tools were required for maintenance performed during »hi? tsst. 1.7.2. Effects of the System on the Airplane Performance. 1.7,2.1. Degradation of airplane performance was minimal. No agent impinged on the airplane surfaces during spraying runs utilizing either maximum or lesser flow rates. All electrical controls in the system ops-rated satisfactorily (see appendix I). 13 �.1.7.2.2. Armament firing during spraying was satisfactory. There was no significant effect on the system operation from the firing of machine guns and rockets. When rockets were fired from stations 2 and 5, a thin layer of rocket waste materiel was deposited on one side of the *pray boom. Also, a fin-retainer button released when the rockets fired made a small dent in the spray boom. Neither of these impingements affected the operation of the system. 1.7.3. Dissemination Performance. fordetaUsT) (See part TIT, Dissemination Test, 1.7.3.1. The maximum flow rate of the system was approximately 700 gallons per minute. Lower flow rates were obtained by decreasing the number of spray nozzles prior to takeoff. 1. 7. 3.2. During 200-Vnot spraying runs utilizing the maximum flow rate, the system produced a particle-size distribution having a mas« medium diameter of 250 to 300 microns. 1.7.3.3. A deposit rate of three gallons per acre over an area greater than or equal to 20 acres can be attained under most operational conditions. 1. 7.4. Deficiencies. Two deficiencies were found during the Service and Dissemination Tests: a. Rupture of the forward coupling hose during a high internal pressure condition (figure 9). b. Rupture of the rear coupling hose during a high internal pressure condition (figure 9). These deficiencies have been corrected and the modifications incorporated in the systems delivered to the US Air Force for their service test. A complete list of deficiencies and shortcomings is contained in appendix 1«7.5. Compliance with tlvs Sm«J? Development Requirement (SDR). * The system as tested complied with the operational characteristice of the approved SDR. 14 �firm Figure 9. Ruptured forward coupling hose with torn teflon line (above) and ruptured rear coupling hose prior to removal (below). 15 �1. 8. DISCUSSION. The modifications incorporated in the defoliant systems delivered to the US Air Force for their service test should correct the deficiencies and shortcomings found in this test. The US Air Force testing should be monitored closely to determine the suitability of these corrections and to compile data to complete the maintenance package and evaluate agent transfer equipment. The requirement for a confirmatory or check test could be determined after the results of the US Air Force test are evaluated. , ' ' 1.9. CONCLUSIONS. 1. 9.1. The interim defoliant system should be suitable for Army use on the armed OV-1C Airplane after the deficiencies and shortcomings have been corrected. . '• 1. 9.2. The interim defoliant system was found to be compatible with the armed OV-1C Airplane. • - , 1. 9. 3. The Review Manuscripts MP 3-1040-240-12 and -20P should be revised prior to production procurement of the interim defoliant system. 1. 9.4. The flight, time allotted for the Service and Dissemination Tests was insufficient to determine adequately the life of the system and to compile an adequate spare parts list. 1.10. RECOMMENDATIONS. It is recommended that; 1. 10.1. The interim defoliant system, modified to correct the deficiencies and shortcomings, be considered suitable for Army use on the armed OV-1C Airplane. 1.10. 2. The results of the US Air Force service test of the modified system b* reviewed to determine any requirement for farther Army testing. • 16 �SECTION 2 DETAILS AND RESULTS OF SUBTESTS 17 �I Previous page was blank, therefore not filmed. I SECTION 2 - DETAILS AND RESULTS OF SUBTESTS 2.0. INTRODUCTION. The service teat was conducted at Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, uuring the period 14 September through 6 October 1964. A total of 13 spraying missions were attempted with the interim defoliant system installed on the armed OV-1C Airplane; ten missions were successfully accomplished. ' . . <„.-,i 2.1. INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS. 2.1.1. Objective. • '•:••• . - . . • . . - . • • • : - • ::; ,-..-.-»( y V.T.;-. Y To determine installation requirements. 2.1.2. Method. , t . -• . The defoliant system was installed using both empty and full tanks. The time and equipment required to uncrate the system and install it were determined. The tanks were installed using the MJ-3 loading trailers. After a full spray tank was mounted on the Aero 65A rack on one wing, the MJ-3 loading trailer platform was lowered slightly to insure that the rack-mounting lugs had locked. The trailer platform left in this position precluded a high wing condition on the opposite wing' and assisted in mounting the second full spray tank. 2. 1. 3. Results. 2, 1. 3.1. A total of 6. 22 man-hours was required for initial installation and checkout. Time and equipment required for uncrating and initial installation is as follows: a. Uncrating Time: 6 men @ 25 minutes = 2. 5 man-hours Equipment used: MJ-3 loading trailer b. Installation on aircraft (1) First spray tank empty, minus spray boom: ... Time: 4 men @ 20 minutes = 1. 33 man-hours Equipment used: MJ-3 loading trailer 19 �...... (2) Second spray tank empty, minus spray boom:" Time: 4 men @ 16 minutes = 1. 06 man-hours" .,.,..,-.;•; ^Equipment used: MJ-3 loading trailer ; ., , . . . c. -v Electrical check, - J J Time: 2 men @ 10 minutes = 0. 33 man-hour Equipment used: Airplane electrical system and armament stores controls .--'..V ••_'-.';• d. Spray boom installation - (two tanks) .• , • , Time: 4 men @ 15 minutes = 1.0 man-hour ' 2. 1. 3. 2. Average time to install defoliant system empty: Time: 4 men @ 36 minutes = 2. 4 man-hours •;..: - , Equipment used: Two MJ-3 loading trailers < 3 2.1.3.3. Average time to install defoliant system full: •;; t- ; (•,:-•<. . , Time: 4 men @ 40 minutes = 2. 67 man-hours Equipment used: Two MJ-3 loading trailers ; . • • - : ',; ... 2. 1. 3.4. Initial installation and system checkout including filling time required 7. 72 man-hours. The only reconfiguration of the airplane was disconnecting the electrical cannon plugs for the Aero 65 racks on wing stations 3 and 4. . • -. . .•• 2. 1. 4. Analysis. Not applicable. 2.2. FLIGHT SAFETY ASPECTS AND DIMENSION DATA. 2. 2. 1. Objective. Determine flight safety aspects and dimension data. 2. 2. 2. Method. 2. 2. 2. 1. Weight and balance were computed for takeoff weight with full internal fuel, a two-man crew, and each spray tank filled to 80 20 �gallons. Landing weight was computed-for a 30-minute fuel reserve, two-man crew, and empty spray tanks. .£..';.. 2. 2. 2. 2. Weight and balance were computed for takeoff weight full internal fuel, a two-man crew, the spray tank full (80 gallons each), and two XM-14 machine gun pods and two LAU 32/A rocket pods all with full complements of ammunition. Landing weight was computed for a 30-minute fuel reserve, a two-man crew, empty spray tanks, empty machine gun pods, and empty LAU 32/A pods. 2. 2. 2. 3. The installation was measured to determine applicable dimensions. 2. 2. 2. 4. The system was weighed empty and filled (80 gallons of agent per tank). - - . ; . . - . ; . \- : •:-.••;-.-..-,. \-_ •; 2. 2. 3. Results. 2. 2. 3.1. Both configurations were within takeoff and landing e.g. and gross-weight limitations. DD Forms 365F are contained in . appendix I. ...... . , .....-,.- / .,/-. 2. 2. 3. 2. Ground clearances were adequate. Clearance from spray tank to ground was 21. 75 inches. 2. 2. 3. 3. Clearance from the spray boom and the closest point on the aircraft, the inboard end of the ailerons was 36. 0 inches and was adequate. 2. 2. 3. 4. Weight of the defoliant system empty was 443. 52 pounds, and weight with 80 gallons of agent per tank was 2149. 12 pounds. 2.2.4. Analysis. Not applicable. 2.3. OPERATIONAL DATA. 2. 3. 1. Objective. To determine operational data on the defoliant system with specified flow rates of 700 (normal) and 350 gallons per minute. 21 �2. 3. 2. Method. 2. 3. 2. 1. : The flow rate was set on the ground at 700 gallons per minute. The airplane proceeded along flight path and altitude designated by DPG. test officer at a true airspeed of 200 knots. The spray operation was initiated and discontinued over designated points. The test was performed twice. -.A-'-;"'.". .' ' - : . .".--. -..-v,' -. ,> V 'i-.-^..r :*;,:; •.,-!•2. 3. 2. 2. This test was repeated using a flow rate setting of 350 gallons per minute.::;;,;,;.^ ,*,-., - r - ,., i: -,.• :.•-.-:.• = <:,<,•>:; -.: ;/.v ••:ci*z.U»r;;*i: y-fil J .'•,-> .•• • a "Q, -2?. '.:.'< :";!:.• 2. 3. 3. Results. (For dissemination data, see part III, Dissemination Test. ) 2. 3. 3. 1. No agent impinged on the aircraft. 2. 3. 3. 2. ON-OFF control was effective; however, after closure of the gate valve, agent remaining in the spray boom was emitted as a fine : : ! mist for approximately eight seconds. • : 2. 3. 3. 3. Degradation of airplane performance was minimal. 2. 3.4., Analysis. Not applicable. 2.4. ROCKET AND MACHINE-GUN FIRING DURING SPRAY OPERATION. 2.4.1. Objective. To determine the effect that firing of rockets and machine guns has on the defoliant system and its operation. . 2.4.2. Method. 2.4.2.1. Test Configuration 1. .. With defoliant system tanks mounted on wing stations 3 and 4, LAU 32/A 2. 75-inch FFAR pods mounted on wing stations 1 and 6, and XM-14 50-caliber machine-gun pods mounted on wing stations 2 22 �Figure 10. Front view of interim defoliant spray tank mounted on wing station 3, LAU 32/A FFAR pod on wing station 2, and XM-14 50-caliber machine-gun pod on wing station 1. and 5 (figure 4), delivery of the spray was initiated in the firing range area. Rockets and machine guns were fired during spray delivery. 2. 4. 2. 2. Test Configuration 2. With defoliant system tanks mounted on wing stations 3 and 4, LAU 32/A 2. 75-inch Folding Fin Aerial Rocket (FFAR) pods mounted on wing stations 2 and 5, and XM-14 50-caliber machine-gun pods mounted on wing stations 1 and 6 (figure 10), delivery of the spray was initiated in the firing range area. Rockets and machine guns were fired during spray delivery. 23 �2. 4. 3. Results. 2.4.3.1. Test Configuration I. ", 2. 4. 3. 1. 1. Rocket and gun blast had no apparent effect on defoliant system operation. 1; ••, > 2.4. 3. 1.2. Rocket and machine-gun blast had no effect on spray system ' components. Spent rounds and links ejected downward from the machinegun pods were well clear of the spray boom. V , '. 2.4. 3. 1.3l No difficulties were encountered in using firing controls while disseminating spray. As the ON-OFF controls for the spray tanks a->-e on the BOMB fuze circuit, the rocket and gun-firing circuits are not affected. .. , (, •::. ""'-.' - ; V' ,'. • ' •": : ' '., • V ' ' ' ' . 2.4. 3. 1. 4. The spray tanks can be installed and filled with the weapon ' systems mounted in this configuration. 2.4.3.2. Test Configuration 2. • '" ' - . , . . : • „ _ - ~ , - ' 2. 4. 3. 2. 1. Rocket and gun blast had no apparent effect on defoliant system operation, ,. , 2. 4. 3. 2. 2. Gun blast had no effect on spray system components. Rocket blast, deposited a thin layer of waste material on one side of the spray boom. One rocket fin-retainer button dented the forward edge of one side of the spray boom. 2. 4. 3. 2.'3. No difficulties were encountered in using firing controls while disseminating spray. As the ON-OFF controls for the spray tanks were on the BOMB fuzing circuit, the rocket and gun-firing circxtits were not affected. 2. 4. 3. 2. 4. The spray tanks can be installed and filled with the w pon systems mounted in this configuration. 2. 4. 4. Analysis. , Because of impingement on the spray boom of burned material and the fin-retainer button, continued use of test configuration 2 could have a damaging effect on the spray boom. ' 24 ^ �2.5. SERVICING REQUIREMENTS. 2. 5.1. Objective. To determine time, equipment, and personnel requirements to fill the spray tanks. _ , „,_ i - r ; . v ,_: 2.5.2. Method. . i; ' ^ ^ ' - The tanks were installed full 11 times. Twice the tanks were installed empty and filled on the airplane. The time, equipment, and personnel required for each filling operation were observed and recorded. Ease of filling was evaluated. Scales were used for test purposes and would not be required for tactical employment. - i i: - . . _ : * • . • • ' - 2.5.3. Results. - . •• - ..•*•. . ' 2. 5. 3. 1. Standard filling equipment was not available with the defoliant system during the period of the Service Teat. The filling equipment consists of a hand-driven, dispensing pump (FSN 4930-255-9132). Gravity-flow filling using one MJ-3 loading trailer to elevate the supply drum required three men an average of 30 minutes (1. 5 man-hours) to fill two spray tanks mounted on the airplane. 2. 5. 3. 2. A comparison between loading filled tanks (80 gallons) using the MJ-3 loading trailer and filling the tanks when installed on the airplans was made. Time required to load filled tanks averaged 2. 67 man-hours. Time required to fill the tanks installed on the airplane averaged 1. 5 man-hours. 2. 5. 3. 3. The filled spray tank, loaded on the MJ-3 loading trailer, could be moved around without difficulty on smooth terrain by three men. A minimum of two men was required to move the fully-loaded spray tank on the MJ-3. Three men accomplished this task with more ease and efficiency. The lack of baffles within the tank permitted sloshing during movement; therefore, one man stabilised the filled tank while two pulled the trailer. 2. 5. 3. 4. Using two MJ-3 loading trailers to remove the two spray tanks from the airplane, place on scales for measured filling, pick up, reinstall, and hook up on the airplane required an average e'«.psed time of 47 minute*. This action was accomplished by four men. 25 �2.5.4. Analysis. Not applicable. 2.6. EVALUATION OF SAFETY ASPECTS. 2.6.1. ; Objective. ;, ; .;,,,. . To determine data for compliance with USATECOM Regulation 385-7, "Safety Confirmation." 2. 6. 2. Method. Safety aspects were evaluated during system operation. Effects of the system on aircraft operation were qualitatively evaluated. 2.6.3. Results. . .: . . .'.. ., .: 2.6.3.1. Safety features were adequate. 2. 6. 3. 2. The spray tanks were jettisoned safely at Patuxent River, Maryland (reference g, section 1). • ?••'. 2. 6.4. Analysis. Not applicable. 26 �SECTION 3 - APPENDICES 27 �APPENDIX I TEST DATA �WEIGHT AND IAUNCE CLEARANCE FORM F r. o. JW» Air •»» TACTICU. 17 S«Dt»nbtr 19*4 MOT 10 62-58S1 C*j*. Ktach KBehMlAAP MMHT ZDtfoIiutSpny 9 4. 5 M«C MWUIK ( A*B CWM O Tufa oa Wlnf 5. $Utfa»185 (3«ad4) DOTDMtmOH Or UMD i 00 400 ? Tufty OWVTU HAW MI 1 fWt/MM taMraxUM«. «*. »tfto< f«t •*#><•* toMf <uirf CIOTT rfwA* tmlfftH* JM««« • 4I 9 7.1 comtEcriom <«* in •on/ 160 K»Uoai uci* B.T n ( 297 0, HttWHL ( »>nii MJ. run ( MTO c« mro TOTM. WDCHT KMOVia 10 TiiuoorT cmaincii (fknmcM) TOTAL KIOKT WOCO TAODIT C-«.»I%M. o.c.b«m. •CT wnmcs (*/. in i_i 159 2 4 .2 Q. i 76 UTOOCl MTO UMITATICNS 1AWMT <»0 tsiso (ttJ 11994 • PtXMISSIKE C.G.TAK10TT 3. Sprty 160 *»lloni crniuTio Lioona amcmo* > Bmntf r«/M«* /real owrMnt >ypHffl>»>» T. O. < ApplivM* 1* *«a* v«4At (*•*. Ml. • AffUoOti* lofmt <**tl<t («•/. /». DD 1 ,{' 2.1. nniuno UMOM c «. p flaeaMtMxw. 154.60 <arwr>r>) / a / F. J. Kir sen WCtf KT AMO »ILAMCt AUTMOKTT L 7 k. t �WEIGHT AND BALANCE CLEARANCE FORM F DATE 17 September 1964 Masnvnup/rueMT'iia Teat r o. i-if-tt * TACTICAL <vst KtveKse FOK THAHSTORT missions} WVLAWTYPI moM JOV-1C Michael AAF SCRHU.NO. 10 62-5851 Michael AAF REMARKS REF 2 Defoliant Stray Tankt on Wing Station 185(3 and 4) Ft. Rocker, Ala. PHOT Cape. -Kindt ITEM 1 OIL ( 1 MOM/ I 0 S 3 2 3 S CM.) $ • INDEX OR WEKHT •ASK AMPLANC (FV«« Ov( C) 2 2 XM-14 Caliber .50 Machine Gun Podi on Wing Station 21 3 (2 and 5) 2 IAU 32/A 2.75H FFAR Rocket Launcber Pods on Wing Station 237 (1 and 6) fMOI-tf-tf HOME STATION r 9 1. S S. 3 OKTRIOIiriON OF LOAD fRIW a CAMS mo not ««« i^P*. .*»; '*>*/W's5 185 2 Tanks k,i»..i: '^in>. f*1. **-jw3 4 0 0 t 4 4 213 2 M.C. Podl 4 > fl if J , ft 237 2 LAU 32/A 8 1 1 p. 5 NO 2 •tlGHI 400 2 t. 0 7 3. 4 COMPUTER PLATE NO. (tfMtf) fmrtl n*nt i furructfMU to tho pilot lor •hitting tomd antf <h».'K4 Imktot .~/ ImiuliKt «*ouM kt «<,(«/. 60.. 4 S 1 2 D 8 3 1 9 9 2. 6 O^IUTING WEIGHT COMPT. CALIBER ROUNDS wsm^iMi&s CORRECTIOKS (Kif. II) CHAN6CS (-f IT -) rim COMrT. 1 INDEX OH MOM/ WEIGHT 1 5 e « Is S 7 FORWARD t 7 0 6 4 4 2 2 5 2 160 gtllota acent me 1500 rdi. immo. 14 2.75" rockets 2 1 2. 5 7 9. 9 t 2. 1 1 9 3 0 3 1 0. 6 EXTERNAL KOCXCTI 297 BUILT IN ( «*0 BOM* RAT ( <M-> EXTERNAL ( (M.) I WATER MJ. FUND ( 0*U 9 10 JATO OR RATO 11 12 13 14 CORRECTIONS d ' TOTAL WEIGHT REMOVED - TOTAL WEIGHT ADDED + + *CT DIFFERENCE (Rtf. Ill LIMITATIONS tCROS* WT. TAUOFF (».. 1S413 I PERMISSIBLE C. O. TAKEOFF • PERMISSIBLE C. C. LANC1NS P t 12S63 >£nt.r cottmtmnt ui» J. App lembt* to trot* weight (A*/. JJ). *App Ue«ftA» to tfrow weight (/?•/. /J). ™^r» 1 • dinf vafiM* /rom current mpplic*t>l» T. O. 9 TAKEOFF C O. IN SI 14. A. c. OR m. 1 6 4 1 3 2 |6 3 7. 160.71 7 JATO OR RATO AMMUNITION ttrayIrocketx,50caL, FUEL 2 4 0 3 1 4 5 0 3 3 4. S 2 3 3. 7 ?<£$**** 156.36 156.36 ttfff^vlrtf} TAKEOFF CONDITION (GprrRftrf) BOMBS 1 GROSS WT. LAKCMhG (M.) rww TAKEOFF CONDITION (CAmmcM) 15 16 ESTIMATED LANOING CONOTTION CSTIMATtD LANDING C. G. COMPUTED BY (-SifnarBrt) Bgtff&IStom /s/ F. J. Kirsch WEIGHT AND ftALAHCC AUTHDRITy <<tfful«r<) PILOT (Slf.1«f«r«) 1 Z S 6 3 2 0 6 9, 5 *. 164.73 �APPENDIX n COMPARISON WITH THE SDR (Classified CONFIDENTIAL,; Presented Under Separate Cover) �APPENDIX in DEFICIENCIES AND"SHORTCOMINGS - -.'•.•/'.•'" 'Tif-ftTi-' 'I' •' A. Deficienciea. The following deficiencies were found during the Service and Dissemination Tests: •,,* - • ; ; . ; , ; ../•- •-,>'. Deficiency Suggested Corrective Action 1. The forward coupling hose (centrifugal pump to transfer line) ruptured during s. 700gallon-per-minute dissemination and rocket firing run at approximately 200 knots true airspeed. Replace with hose which can withstand high pressures generated during spraying. 2. The rear coupling hose (gate valve to spr.ay boom) ruptured during 350-gallon-perminute -dis s eminatica flight at approximately 200 knots true airspeed. Replace with hose which can withstand maximum pressures generated during spraying. Remarks x This suggested modification has been in- ,. eluded in the tanks sent to the USAF. ; This suggested modification has been included in the tanks sent to the USAF. ... B. Shortcomings. The following shortcomings were found during the Service and Dissemination Tests: Shortcoming 1. Removal of the nose cone upper cowling (a structural member of the nose cone) for inspection and/or msiwouuii-' 2. caused the lower , Suggested Corrective Action Weld the lower half of the cowling to the tank section. in-i Remarks This suggested modification has been included in the tanks sent to the USAF. �U: Suggested . Corrective Action Shortcoming hall of the cowling to displace downward. The resulting misalignment caused difficulty in reinstalling the upper cowling. Remarks ; 2. 'There was no method of preventing agent over-flow after filling the tank to 80 gallons in a level attitude, when the tank was tilted, raised, accelerated, transported or during normal ground handling. Change to a different method of limiting the tank capacity to 80 gallons. ' 3. Wire to the ram air turbine solenoid control separated in flight. Exercise better quality control in wiring the turbine controls. 4. The cleats split in the bottom of the shipping crate. Provide shock-resistant cleats and fastenings for Level-A packaging of the item. Ill-2 ' This suggested " modification has been included in the tanks sent to the USAF. The wire was too short and was under tension. �APPENDIX IV DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF MATERIEL 1. General. defoliant system consists of two F— 44 biological spray tanks. The spray tank is a modified Aero 1 .50-gallon auxiliary "- ' fuel tank'.' The capacity was. limited to 80 gallons of agent by an over- ; flow stand pipe. ' The system is operated by the 28 -volt d. c. electrical system controlled from the armament panel in the cockpit. The spray unit develops pressure for spraying by means of a centrifugal pump, " directly coupled to a variable pitch, four-bladed, ram-air driv turbine. The centrifugal pump transfers fluids from the main tank section through a suction line, and forces the fluids at high pressure through the transfer line to a gate valve control, to the spray boom. ' I'-i'HY;- •-•':-.- ',:'-.•••-• .l;-i.r •; > :•*»•;'•:<:-'.••" o.';r: , • • • - ; • . ' • ; . • . 4 •••.-; ;?b 7,-^ »:•••..••;••£ \-iV't 2. Major Components. .... , . ., .. % . .,, K... ...,,„.,.,,...; :v/,i* ,,<*} hi - ' • • . ( , : ; - . •:.•'••; :•:--•• :.-',-". _-<->r, ••• > .-. -•' ! .-.-. -.- . :,.,,. . . - ; , • ( - . , . .... , ^ r • ,.,f. ~ - . . , v ; . v . . : .. ,: The spray tank consists of three major components; the nose-, cone section, tank section, and tail section. , , t : ,,....., a. Nose-Cone Section. ........ >..,'•-,.. The nose -cone section contains the variable pitch, fourbladed, ram-air drive turbine which is mounted on a support plate. The rain-air drive turbine is directly coupled to the centrifugal pump. The centrifugal pump is connected to the suction line transfer lines by two teflon-lined rubber hoses. Electrical wiring is introduced into the nose -cone section through a conduit line. Access to the nose -cone section is accomplished by removal of the upper cowl. , b. Tank Section. This section contains the suction line and a check valve to keep the pump primed during intermittent operation. This section also contains the transfer line and an electrical conduit through the tank body. Drainage is provided by a drain plug on the bottom of the tank. Two access plates are provided on the left mid-section of the tank to accomplish maintenance and inspection of the fluid storage area. Suspension lugs with 14-inch spacing are provided. A cable with a quick-disconnect fitting on the tank end provides for electrical control IV-1 �from the airplane. An attached lanyard on the quick-disconnect fitting allows emergency separation if the spray tank is jettisoned. c. Tail Section. •MMWV^^MMMBMBMH^W • ., ., I ,'„! .Ll f ?c j ••*>••• . *"i. , * t I ....... The tail section houses an electric-motor-operated gate valve which controls the fluid flow from the transfer line to the spray boom. The spray boom is connected to the gate valve by a teflon-lined hose. The spray boom is attached to the horizontal fins with six mounting clamps. An access door is provided for maintenance and ' ' inspection of the aft section. A modified Aero 1C tail cone fairing fits over the spray boom. - , . , . . . v . - . , . , . . - , . . . ' • . . . — ..r..,,..,, . ,.., :,..,; .*,. ,,,-*.,.. ', ( . '"'3. •' Details of Operating Components and Operation. ;; •'"*•' The ram-air drive turbine incorporates a solenoid-operated brake. In the de-energized state, the ram-air drive turbine is in a braked condition with the propellers feathered. When the solenoid is energized, the propellers unfeather and rotate in a counter-clockwise direction until the ram-air drive is in the governed range of 3600 to 4000 r. p. m. at 200 knots. The ram-air drive is directly coupled to the centrifugal pump and at a drive speed of 3800 r. p. m., the pump is capable of delivering 300 gallons per minute, depending on the number of nozzles selected for the spray boom. The slide-terminating motoroperated gate valve io controlled by a stepping solenoid. Controls for operation are on the BC MB fuze circuit on the armament panel in the cockpit. The TAIL position of the BOMB fuze circuit energizes the ram-air drive brake solenoid only, and the NOSE and TAIL, position energize the ram-air drive brake solenoid, the gate valve stepping solenoid, and the gate valve motor. After the desired airspeed is attained, the armament circuit breakers are pushed in, armament power is switched on, and the BOMB fuze switch is placed in TAIL, position. To begin spraying, the BOMB fuze switch is moved through the SAFE position to the NOSE and TAIL, position, which opens the gate valve. The switch is then returned to the TAIL, position. To terminate the spraying operation, the switch is again moved to the NOSE and TAIL position, which permits the gate valve to close. The switch is then placed in the SAFE position. 4. Weights and Measurements of the Defoliant Tank. a. Capacity: 80 gallons IV-2 �b. Weight: Empty Full 221.76 pounds 1074.56 pounds c. Overall Length: 166.10 inches d. Diameter: 21.16 inches (maximum) e. Center of Gravity: Empty Full 77. 50 inches 79.18 inches f. Spray Boom: Length 73.0 inches Number of orifices: 32 IV-3 �APPENDIX V COORDINATION The following ageacie* participated in the review of the final report: US Army Aviation School US Army Combat Developments Command Aviation Agency �AP US Ar»r Arlrtta* T«» ktW, tat tactar. Atetoav. »»»•« «t UtMtCOM Nifrg *». % 4 MM-M. FM I S«*fc» TMI rf •» hurt* Ctafattuc S*tm M^BCM *Mlr kr *• US A»r •* «» A* N»w. CM IW)Mt N^ ICMMOXMU, n Mn- IMS. K r*^S »» OM. TW US-AMr *•«•«*• TM iMHl »» •*!««« U» »«rHc« M« w <W I ..... i nifcHm »>•«• «• tt» mM4 ov-» HIM 1^ rii.il, mat Omt dw M«!M W UM US AJ> ta« «r*lM Ml AD US Atmr ArtMMB TM *OM< tat tachw. AtofcMm. M^ni W U1ATICCM T»i|nt I Hit I - Wnta TM. << UMTICOM IW^A �» "•' i.'4 • " • • • ' Vv ""•'"•'.•' > * • • - / ."L /'^ • •• •' :iW'V«fr' ". X t V i •.#••• T - irV y . i"* ' ' 1 ,'" '^Sl'irTjr?,-W3^:*W '/•*•' " •• tr'1'* r .r-'** r 'JH' * ' •> * • JC "**• *•'? , ** ' **•' -«•(»"'*'• "- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 024 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0354 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command, U.S. Army Aviation Test Board, Fort Rucker, Alabama Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 25 1965 Title A name given to the resource Report of Test USATECOM Project Numbers 5-4-3001-01 and -02, Integrated Engineering/Service Test of an Interim Defoliant System Conducted Jointly by the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force, Part I - Service Test Subject The topic of the resource spray equipment Ranch Hand aircraft herbicide application