2 15 46 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 050 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1318 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Abstract: Agricultural Exposure to 2, 4 -D Subject The topic of the resource agricultural exposure herbicide toxicology human testing ao_seriesIII https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/16a4fc6449df36054a4587803d1ed738.pdf 8e45f15cb6fca0bc98cca8420e2a9466 PDF Text Text Item ID Number 01275 Author Corporate Author Office of the Federal Register Report/Article Title JOUrnal/BOOk TltlB Federal Register Year 1978 Month/Day April 21 Color n Number of Imaues 8 DoSCTlptOn NOteS Alvin L - Young filed this item under the category "DDT/Human Toxicology and Environmental Fate" Missing initial page(s) Thursday, April 26, 2001 Page 1275 of 1328 �17138 NQTIC1S Kben and McKtaley (M0> studied the prenatal and postnatal effects of 2.4,6-T in Wistar rats, using four raowlea containing no TCDD (detection limit: O.S mg/fcg) [Table 231. Twenty-five to one hundred fifty mjf/fefj body weight per day were administered to the-dams, orally in gelatin or corn oil, on days 6 to .15 of gestation. At 25 and 50 Big/kg, the differences between experimental and control values were minimal. However, at 100 and 150 mg/feg, there were significant <p <0,OS) effects on fetal weight, number of dead fetuses, and percentage of malformed fetuses per litter,'* The larger proportion of malformed fetuses iti the treated groups resulted from either an increased incidence of skeletal anomalies ate seal in the controls or a low incidence of abnormalities not obaeped to the controls. The former category Included wavy rites, retarded ossification, extra ribs, and a variety of eternal defects; the latter included fused rite, small-sized distorted scapula, malformed hnmerue shaft, and bent radius or u]na. Abnormal kidneys were observed in 7 to 46% of the exanxtained fetuses, treated with sample T-l, compared with a control value of n to 38%. - la the pestnasal portion of the study, After normal delivery, survival rate, sex ratio, and pup weight on days 1 and 31 were compared. Although treated pups surviving from day 2 to 21 were slightly mailer at "Statistical significance was determined using the average value per dose level. Data from T-4 were not u&d to this nnalyaia. I j iDioiin I |Cont«ntlDas« «5 I I I I ! . J______„_ <,XiAuWt..~,., I* Total Uv« * LlT*li*« IKortal-lpvr Llttarl Una*) 20 i 32.3 I 40 i TM ! 80 i 94.* j r.3 3.7 o.® _Ljaft-J.Mft»9.-JL-.. JI- 9.1 0.5 40 t 80 10,« i i 80 I 8.5 I 40 i 4.0 t «.« 1J.« i 8.9 SO I i j I t.7 ..T <l,6 ,_-...................._.. - ....... ------- m-l» 4iMor-l* Knowing*' I sc Ualitieii!p«r Toui I IUtt«r |p«r LlT»ILl»« frtuw* I , * 1 ! ' 1.7 I 1.7 ! t ! 43.6 i ! ! ! I ! I 1.7A/ US11' i i A J i .,f I 40 I 2.4 1 . 60 j 3J.3 i r,9 1 0 « 10.7 I 11,8 80 »« « 1 8.7 ! JL_JL -^.^^.^..^^...w^,^^.^ I 18.5 0 I 2.* 1 I ! ?0,8^ 9S.S i 0 I »1.1 ! t.C I " 8.S « t / i * 4 S l , , » , . . 97.8 I 0 » 1 0 f M 1.5 &/ 69.1 I I 0 t-4'-'fi—4— 1 f 1 ' 2.1 I I I i ! 0 W.S4' I.T -.-**r,irrf'.J« I 93*1 W.^ ii^j,,,i_.,..L-.ji^™,.L^«9^4---~iw!"—-4 I I I TS,? 6.6 i ..^^k.^»^.f!».A.^l.H 0.1 Collins and Williams (124) tested seven some dose levels, there were no significant difference* from controls tot any variable. samples of 3,4,8-T from different sources for In soraa experiments, Utters were standard- embryotoxie effects In golden Syrian hamteed at 8 pupa on day S, and the remaining sters (Mfsaerteatm aumtw) [Table 233, The littermates examined for defects. The In- dioxin contents ranged from not detectable creased incidences of malformations among (detection limit <0.1 ppm) to 46 ppm. Daily treated groups were comparable to those oral doses of 20 to 100 mg/kg body weight found In the presiaW study. Assuming the were adminiitt«red in acetonexorn same incidence for pups not examined, the j oi!:ciwrbo3symethyj cellulose (1:5.8:10) on investigators concluded that there were no | daya 6 to 10 of gestation. 2,4,5-T with no dereal differences to survival rates among con- ! tectable dloxln significantly (p <0.05) retrol and treated groups. The butyl eater of duced fetfll welffht and fetal viability per 2.4.5-T produced simitar toxic ef fecte, litter at all levels tested. Sokolifc ««> or»Uy administered 100 and Total fetaJ mortality in400 mg/kg and §0 and 300 mg/k{r of 3,4,9-T creaued at all levels whenwas greatlywith compared and its butyl ester to r&fcs of the Rappolovo line on each of'days 1 to 14 or 1 to Ifl of controls and was dose-dependent, as was the pregnancy. At 100 msf/kg, 2,4,8-T produced effect on fetal viability. The increased inciembryos with a combination ol deformities dence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage also including absence of lower jaw, abnormal appeared to be dose related. At 100 mg/kg, hind Hmbs, and exopnthtlmoa. At 400 me/ "pure" 3.4.W caused increased incidences kg, the embryos of treated rate evidenced of malformations and reductions in the cleft palate, hydrocephalus, hydronephro- number of live fetuses per Utter. One "pure" sis, and ataonwajltisij of the upper limbs sample, F, at 100 mg/kg significantly rewhich Included trtdtictyly, webbed toes, and < duced fetal weight from 1.8 to 1.6 grams, reabnormal shortness. duced fetal viability from 86.7 to 71.4 perThe butyl ester of 2,4,8-T was more toxic cent, and increased abnormalities from 3.0 than the parent compound, causing more to 40 percent The anomalies associated than 30 percent embryonic mortality at 300 with 2,4,5-T containing no dioxin were exenmg/fcg. The lower do«e, 50 mg/kA also cephaly, eye abnormalities, delayed head oscaused high mortality among the embryos. »lf ic&tion, and hind limb deformities. Cleft palate, hydronephrosia, hydrocephaIncreafllnt th« level of dioxin contaminalui, and extensive gastrointestinal hemorrhages were also observed within the treat- tion increased fetal mortality and the Incied groujw. From these results, the author dence of abnormalities per litter; fetal viaconcluded that. 3,4,6-T and its derivatives bility was reduced. A clear correlation was have a high potential for teratogente sctiv- found between the level of dioxin and abnormalHiea per Utter. Although the InciIty. 1 i US . 1.2 1 I t;.J.,™u^i^JMu^.JLa^^J«.-~A--.--l i_L,,j^_J_u^.J™«^li.™.,^i.,.,.J r-.-.,*~-r, -™.~,. «^,.,.^^^^™.3^..«jAfeJfli«»...A»j'«»r.^lK»^.r«'«™Jw»^.«*.H..«iA«(^-.-/'''iM'IV**^-«'^*. few C»Ulnt» tnti Villlfla.t (124). app-»rflntly norajal tiaifhta for stsplfli! A end 6 attc.lbu'cort to «i!sa«,V Hot dsteoted. 4/ p < 0.05. . . . : . . . wmsm, vm. «, MO. dence of hemorrhages also increased, no relationship between it and dioxin level could be found. Bulging eyes (absence of eyelid) and delayed ossification were the most common anomalies seen among fetuses exposed to dkndn-contamlnated 2.4,5-T; exenceph&ly, edema, cleft palate, ectopic heart, and fused ribs were also observed. Emerwm et al. U41) found no adverse effects of commercial 2,4,5-T, contataing 0.5 ppm TCDD, on fetid development in Spra- ' gue-Dawley derived rats and New Zealand white rabbits, Daily oral doses of 2,4,6-T in gelatin were administered to the rats at 1 to 34 mg/kg oa days 8 to 16 of gestation; to the rabbits at 10 to 40 mg/kg on daya 6 to 18 of KW.tation. The investigators found no maternal or embryonic toxic effect") to either species, nor was 8,4,S-T considered teratogenie under the oonditions of these experiment®, Tho most frequently observed abnormalities were accessory ribs, hydronephrosts. and retardation in the development of the stenicbrae, with the exception of par- | tJirfJy ossified st«rn«bra® in both species and bilateral acoeireory riba in the rabbit, the incidence of these anomalies was greater in the control animals than in the examined treated groups. Sparselm et a!. U4G) orally administered 3,4,9-T, containing 0.8 ppm TCDD, to rats in daily doses of SO and 100 nig/its on days 3 to 15 and 6 to 10 of gestation, respectively. Results are «!vro !,« Table 24. At SO ma/kg, there were no slsmKtcant maternal or embryonic toxic effects attributable to a,4,6-T except for an increased incidence of delayed stcull osaiifleatic'ii, and a stogie fetus with iu- , Mm n, nn �17137 .te.....ftM-,4A^,L^«..i 5A —L-.iftft~.~ ,i 'i 203 ^ . Viable Total 252 - JL n' ri»lr ^ — " \% Beaorptions I Litters . ; I 60 - I 61 ! 100 i&. ttr^lB^-wiM^i .tW**#-lM»*^ i Fatal weight ! Halffl .«1' 4.38 I r Q^ww&ifcttW4Mwfa«iMrii' . &&& Abnormalities fetuses fl«sained) Poorly os3ifi«d stertiobraaj Fifth Saoond and fifth - Multiple Malallgned at«rn«bra« Delayed osaification Interparletal A/ i 22,1 ! i 4.2 I I 12,6 5 ! 8.1 !• 57 3.8 3.0 Data from Sparsohu et al, fc./ All &/ 15.a 3.0 8,3 0.® p < ?i*»i* f*t(I9«* 0.05 testiswl hemorrhaee. At 100 mg/kg. 8,4,8-T WM toxic to both dams and fetuaea. '• Kesorptlons were observed in till litters; 7s percent were totally resorted Fetal weight was significantly <p < 0.001) reduced In both sexes and the sex ratio was shifted in favor of females. Abnormalities observed which hat! (significantly <P < 0,06) higher incidences than in the controls were poorly ossified and malaugncd sternebiiae and delayed skull ossification. The investigHtora concluded that the delayed ossification observed in this study was a reversible manifestation, rather than & tnte ti-ratcgenSc effect. (b) Advene Reproductive Efffxts in Otkar MamnuMan Test Systems, Adverse reproductive effects of 3,4,6-T exposure have been observed iu other tndmmalian test aysteiM. LJoyd et «L (173) reported on in vivo enzymatic studies showing reduced uptake, and metabolism of testosterone by the prostate gland in male mice treated orally with doses of 2,4,8-T (8.38, 12.S, or 2B nig/kg, ten times daily). Yefimcnko USJf) reported on the effects of acute aikd chronic exposure to th« bafcyJ ester of 2,4,6-T on gonadal «snd swnatlc tissue in an in vivo cytogenettc study to "Tne high srato of »)itejr*al mortality caused dosiug to be stopped on «toy 10, Instead of clay 15. SlgnUtcant reductions in weight erain were also observed. mate albino rats. Chronic ef/eete oa the coords were otoserved sftcr exposure to O.I up/kg for two and one h»U months. Adverse affects (aeoii at seven mouths, when the experiment was terminivtcd}, which were considered persiatent effects, included testteular atrophy, decreased sperm count, desquamated ttttoules, a ad aberrant celte in the germinal epithelium. Chromosomal aberrations were also.oteeirved during the chronic phase of the oxpwiment. EJt"A evaiusation cf this study found inadequacies in the methodolo$y which would prevent the drawing of firm conditions from thia data Ud#), Recent studies in rate by Sjoden and So'JSTbtfj-g [cited let HtS)J ftj'F9>tr to show thst prenatal exposure to 2,4.5-T leads to behavioral abnonualittes and chajigts in thyroid activity and brain seritonin leve!a in the progeny. Stogie oral doses of 100 ni«/lcg were iHi&iinJKtmd to th« AKW an days 7, 8, or 9 of pregnancy, (c) Adverse Kffeate in Avt&n Species. Ktnbryotomic eflscte to avitin species due to 3,4.5-T exposure have been reported. Verrett U36) studied th« effects of 3.4,8-T, containing either 2'/ or 0.8 ppni TCDIJ, on chicken egg«, The 2.4.S-T m-as injected through the air cell of the sggs, either prelncutetion or on the fourth day of incubatlou. The sample contaiataK VI ppm TCDD was found to be mar* lethal (LD~ 50«2S ug/egg) than the la® contaminated sample <UXM><«100 wg/egg). Both aamples produced teratogenle effects, including chick edema, eye defects, beak defects <ps1imrUy cleft palate), and short, twisted feet restiltiBg from tendon slippage. Teratogenic effects were observed at doaes as low an 1 ppm (50 us/e«g) with the sample containing O.S pptn TCDD arKt as low as 0.125 ppm «US us/egg) with the sample containing 27 ppm TCDD, Lute and Lute-Osfeiiag U3S> studied the action of 3,4,5-T, in rufous solution at a coiM«Kf.rali0n of 2 to 10 e/litcr, on the eiflbryoriic development of auull (Coiitrnfa; coturnix japontca), chicken (Qalhtt galim), pheasant (Phtuianvt cclcMcwt), and two partridge species iAlectoris nfa and Per&rtx penlrte). Tfe© 3,4,5-T was administered by dipping, spraying, and organo-typic cultures. Abnorn»8l g«tital tracts were observed in all species, indicating abnormal sexu&l differentiation, i'urther, morphological change*; in the testes often gave the appearance of true testiculaj atrophy. In another study, 3,4.6-T affected fertility isi bhxis of both sexes «M>. (d) Studies in Avian Species in Which Adverse SffecU Were Not Observed* lining 2,4,5T wntamimted with less than 0.1 ppm dioxin, Stravige and Kerr (142} found no abnormal development in chicken embryos. Doses of 12.5, ?S, 50, 78, 100, and 135 mg/kg were injected into egga on days 0 and 5 of incubation; observations were made 48 hours later. At this developmental stage, kidneys were not sufficiently developed to detect the tubule lesions reported by Bjorklund and Erne (.143), <e) Swnwj.n,. Studies ha?e «»UJ>liah«:S 4hti 2,<,C-T is fc-t«toxJc utd teiatogcnlc at docca £J low as Sf-mt/kB (0.05 ± 0.03 ppm TCDD) 49 Jmice (/2f); 4.6 mg/kg (approxla- .__ mately 30 ppm TCDD) to rats «M); and 20 3° f f1^ mg/kg <O.S pput TCDD) to hamsters (12 i). ~rcc>o Cleft palate and kidney anomalies have been observed in mice, rats, and hamsters. Ho fetotoxic or ter&togenic effects (nofy effect levels) have been observed at doses of SO mg/kg (0.05 ± 0.02 ppm TCDD) in mice U25) and 25 to 150 ffifi/kg (0.05 ± 0.02 ppm TCDD') in rats U25). (3) ExuMSUTt Aii*ily.tts. In order to determine "whether a rebuttabie pretumptton should be issued based on reproductive and fetotoxic effects. pursuant to § 162.1UaX3XiiXB>, the Working Oroup must deteroiine whether or not an ample margin of safety exists between the levels of 3,4,8-T and/or TCDD which produce reproductive and fetotoxic effects, and the SeveKs) to which hum&no can reasonably be anticipated to ba exposed. The cmii'Cellatiton of u«s of 2,4,6-T on food cropa intended for human consumption and for ui$e around the home, recreation sites, atnmtle srcM, and ditch banks in 1070 was thought to have eliminated the potential exposure to that portion of the population at risk (women of child bearing age). • Social eMR$!S# over th« taut few years, however, have given wonsen the opportunity for employment in areas that once were considered open only to men. Since women of child-bearing »gs are now employed In occupations such tie pestf.t'iile applicators, operators of highway construction and maintenance equipment, foresters, and chemical forrnulstora, they have become part of the vet, m, NO. h �17188 at ttek wi&h potential exposure fe 8,4,»-T and/Of TCDD. In order to tfeteraitna whether an atajrts ' i of safety extefej, the Waiting Group first (Setenwta? hew much 8,4,5-T a wtfld be exposed to through oral, _ it, or Inhalation expesws. Ptar e*s*i of these analyst, the Working Cftroup «,T«VMM i to wei&h SO fcs. lii? followfag adj a?« bfis«id SB an e%po£UTi sniays.% W arsd TCDD Etorfonaed by I^A'a m& Evalutittoa Division CCmni ity of oral expoacu* to MiS-T and/or TCCOE) •sfattad, Treatment of rsaffl M><5 Mature laiM$ could mutt to oral exposure through inf<wttoi of neat wd mil* from asvfesusls gnuing OR the t*««toS are*. 'Staee fteteat date on w»Mte of M,fcT in satofe ew-sstec on fet«at^i migotatid Is HBRT&J}6t»!«, for mmposo) of fee S,4,*-T end «xposti» wudy«ii», t*-io Wwfsi^s Group «*i$ rcisW'Ji* l«fqrmatloft <^3taln«a Sn » rtadJjtg study (37) in whtoh cattte wete -fed co@»lde.t%I$1y .higJje•aKnintii cf t,4,R-T th*n they would norcwJly bs e?s>ar*a to to gt'infns. OB treat«4 teid. The Mlowing eaiculKtionn ate ?>!,scd em tho average aw*ntit3&i of food eaten per day UJ kg), as reported by LehWB (!<!<(, t9S). Oral Exixisure, Fw ptitpoeeiS of tafj the Woiktajf Oroap eooHd«red air?enUy regieter«i VUCT where the poss31>U- -*f f «ot I level for t«rafeo-» jg^riicity in mioo (Avarag* level of IS of. food ifc« in ! total human <U«t J •' of If 00*3 aatan par day ag/kg 20 ^ 0.2 ppffl* Q» K5 kg 1.5 0,0002 K-:iir . » ^ jt/ Animals wer« fed at 300 ppai 2,4,5"1 In th« diet for to 3 weeks. This it «. 'worst o«se assumption fp»' oows on frashly-tnsat'ad pasture without a withdrawal period; silk and aeat wa» obtained froti auoh oous. Meat (b««f j inoludea isuscle, fat, and liver tisauea Khioh eonttitut«the sajor portion of *dibl« a««t» To find tbg fevera,go a*!ty inM« of a efeiS'te food item, m«3Uply tfce aveirti«« d&tiy food intftto by the percent of U?M ittsn in the totRl diet: Per mills, U kgxlf .S% kg; and for meat (beef), U Tbt q«a««ty of 3,4,8'T ta th* average equ»?A the »vera^« daily intaii; oil food item multipUed by tho levoS of to the food item; For mm, mr, anfl for . The theoretical exposure of att wot»»n OQiwto the wnouDt-ot 2,4.5-T ta the daPy diet divided by the weight of tbe arersga weuwn: IPosr milk, 0.03 n*g/80 kg«0.000§ JSt/te; anc? to meat (beef), 0.914 rasr/SG lK*»d.090S mg/kr. totsl wsposuy® from milk MM! beef products could be 9.G007 t&K/k^ t»er day, data on TCBD ;-ft~(du«3 to fmJ.ta.'SJiig on treated misgi'lwvJi are too to um for an nnttlyajls ol TCDP exto humoivs tJiroueh Ingeation of The Worklnj[ Group coneiden that the* difference between the np-adver.»e-offett level of 2,4^5-T for toratogenlc eftete: (20 mjAs) and the calculated on-.l exiHWXv^ level for 3,4,6-T (0.0007 mg/k« r*r day) doc® • e» twplQ marsta of nloty. Siiree this rials crSterteu for otlier chwato advene hsw not town met or exceeded, a (to!^Dermal Sxposure, 'In order to conduct tawMialyme.i th--) Worthing Group mu0t <Serroto« the intount ef 3,4,15-T aj«<J/or TC0D wluteh would come ta contnct with thftt would be «,b,(1) ^pnitf 4J9>!fc»tofr S«c*-^««* Strove*. Foir porpoeea of ttiis annlyala. the Working OVQUP nssnnws th* applksKtor to b® a 60 kg wowao of cliKd-beurtoii ««», and **» 8l** of «U>uHf«tlon either a right-of-wfty or spot testtow'fflt *f petture or ransoland. The cauiprnent J*i e baofc-pitck sprayer UW). The f ollowint; ealetdecUoiu of exposure are tese<? on dttntten for wi-asrtng of three pinU of forntuiatod SiWdact per as pints of water. Typical SAW fermulatlon*. based OJB Intgtectioa of a larcc number of r««1s?«r*;d tebeta <!««!), ranp from 4 to 8 pounds active (utriKOertt Cacid equivmlent) per gallon. The product u««l' in thto exfiosuire Mialyslfl has itn aaBURMd concentration of 4 pounds 2.4,8T per gfclte label njeomajeadattorw vary from ft recommended (UMte) of. 0.004 to 4 poiindsj »cM equlvftlent pev S3 pinto of w&ter. A dtlutSoD rate of 1,6 potnufri per 88 plate has beion «e!ected as representative of tt, typtoanjr-twed aprss' aalxlum Wolfe et aL (IW> studied dermal enpoituro tofoTi&hte»,durlne hiwd back-ptick graying to mo&JiuJtws for ten sttis«tlora, Etpoeure Wt^ed from 0.1 to 6.8 Mg/tir, with a mean value of S.6 tog/hr <6 nil/to). Method of spp^ic*«sn »w & hand pressure aprayer. using a O.W percent aj>ray. Work«r« wore shortsfeevK), opw-neckod shtita with no gloves or hat. Bwed on Wolfe's Oat*, CED uei) c«l«rtat«d a d«srsnal expoawrg__of approximately 0.1W ptata per day. CED <f««!) nteo jfeteiiiviPiM that apj>roxiiaat«Bly 10 p-sro#»t fif Ibfi. 44,6-T *nd TC0D ooinins in contect With tlw skin of thtf applicators vould J>e evsn after washb^, based on »b~ oth«r peatleidos JBjM^^iiaJCJUuutiAra^^ ! ' 'lUAnJIsI Dilution. .jrat'4 3 pints : i ! Amount of diiutod Imatofiel gotten ton skin dally J i* Diluted eaterial 1 absorbed JAftft 3 pint* (1.6 powads • \0,00000016 Sr^S^f) par | pints 2 pounds TCDD) par 32 pints 0»18 pint 10* 0.0*09 ug O.OOOT ug/kg I 20 f level for t«rato- msmm, vou 4% HO. , AP» si, 0.03 ug/kg �H130 Th« foltowias CAkuteUons (see .TAblo 31 ''at mathematics) will give th« "daily derma) KWosure tor both 3.4,8-T ar\d TCDDi (1) Convert the dilution rate to grama; (8) mulsiply this figure 3>y 1,000 <f<» 3,4,8-T) to concert to minieranM awl toy 1,000,000 <tor ICDD) to convert to mtorogrwas: (8) muttl* 9ly thte fiwu€ by the *My d<sn»«l dose of United material; (4) multiply tbls figure by !;he percent absorbed; and (6) divide this flswj* by the weighs of the applicator for 'ihc daily exposure to 3,4,8-T or TCDD per 8-hour working day. • The Working Group considers that the difference between the np-adyerse-effect level of 3,4,6-T for teratogenie eftecto <20 rnjf/kg) and this calculated dcrnml exposure Jevel for 2,4,5-T (6.8 rflg/kg), as well as the difference between the nc-advene-effect level Q| TCDD lor tcrntogenic effects (6.03 .-jig/kfjt) find thfa calculated exposure tevel tor TCDD <0,OC07 pg/kg), do not constitute ui ample margin o£ safety. The Working Group therefore recommends issuance of a rebuttable presumption asatost pesticide products containing 2,4,8-T and/or TCDD pursuant to 40 CFB Section ' iea.ll(aX3)(ilXB). • ' (11) S'praj/ Applicator: Low-boom Spnv jSquiptnent. For the purpose of this analysts, the Working Oroup assumes the applicator to be a 60-kg feraato of childbcaring &«e «l»arSng broah on either jranselwuS or righte-of-way. The same product cited above <a,4,5-T ttt 4 poimds/gfil) !» being used, and the dilution rate 'fe l.fl pounds of formulation to S3 pints of water (equal to 4 pauncte of 2,4,5-T per 10 galtons of water). Based on exposure studies uatag sijtnilar equipment but a different herbicide (147), the Working Group determined that, during an eight-hour working day, the applicator would (;et 6.048 pints of diluted material on her skta, Th& Working Group detenaineiJ iltsA IQ percent oTSIe pesticide on the skJn woxjid bo absorbed (.14$, m, IK). The following calculation* (see Table SS for mathematics) will give tbe daily dermal sxposure for both 8,4,6-T and TCDD: (i) Convert the dilution late to grams; (S) multiply this figure by 1,000 (for 2.4,5-T) to convert to milligrams and by 1,000,000 (for TCDD) to convert to mlerograms; (3) multiply this figure by the daily dermal dose of diluted material; (4) multiply ttoiM figure by the percent absorbed; and (S) divide thte figure by the weight of the appMcator tear the dally exposure to 3,4,3-T or TCDD per 8-hour working day. ID .1.6 'pound.s/32 pi X \ pound « 22.70 . '-' Si.) 6.00000016 pouhds/I 32 pt X 454 g/pound » t 0.00000227 g/pt; 12) 22.70 g/pt X UOOO ag/« i I 22,?00 ag/ptj" i : • I 13) 22, TOO Bg/pt- X 0,18 pt > 1 4,086 *tei 4,086 iii« X 10* »; 408.6 » 5 i 155 408. .6 rag / 60 kg V 12) 0,00000227 g/pt X S i 13) i !4) f IS) 1,000,000 ug/g s 2.27 ug/pfcj 2*27 ug/pt X 0.18 pt s 0*41 ug; 3.41 ug X 10? a 0,041 ug; 0,041 wg / 60 kg e ,U.«jiMJiAJl..Jfl.ttJiauftan.U B.tlution 3 pint* (1.6 pounds 2,4,5-T) per 32 pints 3 pints (0,00000016 pounds TCDD) par 32 pints I Amount of dllutad (material gotten Ion skin daily 0.048 pint 0.048 pint 1% 10$ level l«vel 1 8o-Adver8«-S'f f eoi" jl«val for t«r«to« 109. sag 0.0109 ug 1,8 tag/kg 0*00018 ug/kg 20 Kg/kg 0,03 ug/kg ,,. — ^ ^ 1) 1,6 pounds/32 pt X '.45* g/- ID 0.00000016 pounds/pt X 454 g/pound pound a 22.70 g/pt; 2) 22.70 g/pt X 1,000 Bg/« * . 22,700 «g/ptj 3) 22,700 mg/pt X 0.048 pt • 1,089.6 agj 4) 1,085.6 rag X 10J * 108,96 ng; 5) 108.96 ng / 60 kg « VOL 43, MO. i !2) I I !3) ! !4) I . 15) , A?lSi M, 1W8 0.00000227 g/Pt; 0.0000022? g/pt X 1,000,000 ug/g * 2.2? ug/pt} 2.27 'ue/pt X 0.048 pt • 0.109 ug; 0.109 «g X 10$ a 0.011 ug; ' I 0.011 ug / 60 kg = I �17140 The Working Group consfcton that the difference between the no-ftdveise-effcet level of 8,4.8-T for t«ratogcnte effects (30 rag/kg) and this calculated dermal exposure level for 3.4,6-T (1.8 mg/kg>. as well as the difference between the no-adverso-cttOTt level of TCDD for teratogenie effects «.03fte/fc8> and. this .calculated exposure level for TCOD (0.00018 j*s/fcg>, do not con- an ample nuurgtu of tsfety. The Working Croup therefore recciaMveads fastifusee of a rebattable pmumptlon against peetiddi» products containing 14,8-T wid/or TCDD pursuant to 40 CFE 163.U(aX3XltXB>. <U1) 4ertel Application: tion Directly Beneath Spray fi«.n&. Caplan et al. <i«7), working with aet'JaMy applied (Dermal exposure to laorially applied .|nal«thion Dilution rate matothlon SB oil wraps applied at 0,40 pounds per 0.76 gallons water/aero, determined & dermal exposure to persona directly beneath the spray irtwie for bare akin (head, necls, shoulders, forearms, hand;:, and ffafghsT of 3.856 mg/d&y. With these data. an equivalent dermal exposure for 2,4.5-T and TCDD, aerially <*.ppl!«xl at 4 pounds acid equivalent 2.4,6-T per 10 gallons watev/acre, eajj ?»e detonnlned. :3»5S6 fflg/0.^6 pounds a«lathion Ifi&fi O.OOOQ'004 pounds TCDD p«r 10 gallons of water pounds 2 , « , 5 - T p«r 10 gallon.^ of water/aor-a ©or® % Diluted material absorbed ** 10* 0 , 0 0 6 3 ug Esposure level 0.051 s>6/kg 5 X 1(J~6 10 sjj/kg 0,03 ug/kg ug/kg llevel for t«rato~ The following cialeuiattoaB («sa Table 31 _.. for will give the daily dermal^ exposure for both 2,4,8-T and TCDD: (l> Divide th« dwmal exposure to malathion toy the matathton application rate 6»<J multiply by the application rate of 3,4.0-T and TCDD to obtain the desinal exposure; for TCDD, multiply tbto flgturo by 1,000 to convert to i i micrognxrm; (2) Multiply this figure by the percent absorbed; and (3) divide this figure by the weight of the applicator tor the daily to 3,4,5-T or TCDD p«r 8-hour !day. .iuwuS,-—— 10* » 3.1 ««; 3.1 B«/ 60 kg » 0.051 Kg/kg per day Working Oroun coiusideni that the difference between the 'ivt&tssas-SSfi&t level of TCDD for ter&togottic effecte (0.03 )*g/kg) and this calculated &;rniat e^osure level for TCDjgJS_x i*-"#5/Itg> does coasti.^teltfi an ample marpn of safety. The WorteIns Oroup also ooiistdsra, iK-wever, that the difference between the iM?-ac!v«sa-effecfc level of 2,4,5 T for teratcgenie effectfl (26 me/kg) aad thii calculated dermal exposure level for 8,4,8-T (0.051 mg/ky) dw^s not con- ID I ! I 12) I S3> 3.556 rag/0. «»6 pounds X 0«0000004 pounds 3 0,000003 atg X 1,000 « 9*003 ug; 0,003 ug X 10? » 0,0003 ug; 0,0003 ug / 60 kg * aMUiU; au ftmpiis masictn of safe'.-s, Tbo Working Group tlwrefors reconuiwnda touasi«) of a rebwtt'sbie prestuffipttoi peatldde products contal'fiing 8,4,*-T: ant to 40 CF» W3»il<aX3XliXB). (c) InluOatttm tx^omre: Aei~M Ap&licntion. There «r« no studies jwailable on inhalifinon exnoBure of: 3,4,5-T, There are, however, several studies on inh^Micn expoatu^ to Bialathion (1«7, 168) which CSJ0 «sed as a 43, MO. iK6M tor this 2,4,8-T exposute CJW). Caplan et al, (18") determ$j\ed asi air eoncentintion, for unprotected persom directly beneath the apray plane during application rad for two hours afterward, of 0.067 mg malathton/m* from aerial api>lU»tSon of ®M uoun«te AJ/gallon per acre. The collection period spanned the course of the actual application time plus two hours thereafter. The authors considered the sampling technique to be equivalent to average liuprlra- 81, lf?8 �17141 tten throwgSs the nostrils. Thla tohrt&tto unt ftvftJIaWn to- Ual&tioii.) n pcrceBt of tlie applied stwtothkm. ]. furtlwr report«d thajt ihe a«M_*l« Median dtemeteJ1 .£"-volume mediait di«meter, or vmd u) f as 1@ micrsflfi. Baj)od oa work by Akeanon and Yates (f CtTCBD (/Srf) e3tim&i*4 SMt tHe ste of the malathiora diQpteta which could t>e inhaled mui imder «0 niicrons. 81n.ee J.4.6-T is typically applied "Th« nod to tl»t droplot size which divide* the total volume ol drops to tnlf, !«., 60 tioreeut «f the volume Ss to dUop« the vied .1)7^; and &9 ixscent, telow it. !*ir concentration of iaerially appliad as & meiliura o? warse spi-*y, whils malatbion ta wvpisod ai a fine cuw, tl>e percent of 2,4,6-T dro&lets smalt ca/jugh to be inhaled (under 60 microns) would be lea* than the i»ercent of malftthiott droplet* amali enough to be Inhaled, Aocor<!ing to Akesson and Yfetes U88\ 3 percent of 2,4.8-T spray droplets would be available for Inhalation (or H th* amount of imlathion dropleto avaJlable for Inhalation), on a "wojrst «ae" baste. Tiu followsiig calcnlatSoiis (sea Table 33 for mattam&Mcg) will $iw> the dally l»h*lation espoaure for both $,4,S-T and TCIDD: (1) MultiiiSj- the Btr o»ncentr»ti!<m of ma..lltSlJJISt.l ..ItlL.^'MLlM. 0,067 »g/»3 with application rat* of 0.46 pounds gallon par I S H'ae Dilution rut« IfiAB pound .1 0.0000004 pound* TCDD I 10 gaiiOKS Of lons of wat«r p«r> 100$ lev«l par! "10 gal- water/tore iLung 100? 0.31 0.000032 2 hr 2 hr 2 I. 10*"5«g/kg 0,023 sg/kg 8 hr . . level ! 8 hr 0.03 tg/kg fop t«rato w^^ <Wi'.- l 1CP.K w«i t) 0.067 rag/on s p«r 0.46 pounds 1 4 pounds «• 0» HS/OU n 1 1/6 •> O.OST 1) O.QS? ssg/ou H per 0.46 pounds y. 0.0006004 jjoanda o O.OOOOOOOS8 Klg/OU fi&J Bg/C»J SS 1 1/6 i 1 2 ) 0.097 »«/ou w X 1, I hr a 0 . 1 7 Kg/hi*} «/«. L -°*°^ a 0.000000009 mjs/au n 1 1,000 » 0*000009 MS/CU si j 2) 0,008009 ug/o«fflX 1«8 o« m/hr • 1 3 ) 0.17 mg/hr'x 8 * 1.36 mgj i 1 4 } 1 . 3 6 tag / 60 kg • lathion by the amount of 3,4,5-T and TCOD applied, then multiply this figure by >A for the inhalation exposure to 2,4,8 -T nn<i TCOD; for TCDD, multiply this figure by 1,000 to convert to aiierogra»ts; (3) multiply this Harare by the breathing rate; (3) multiply this figure by eight 18} fro get the 8-hour exposure toM end <*)' divide this figure by the weight at the applicator for the inhalation exposure to 2,4,B~T or TCDD p«r 8hoiTO exposure. The Working Group considers that the diffeience between the no-adverse-effect level of TCDD for teratogenlc effccte (0.03 »ig/kg) aiKl this ealcBlsted dermal espoflure level for TCDI» (2 x 10 ••^e/kg) doe?s constitute «n ample margin of safety. The Worfctag Group also considers, however, that the difference between the no-adverse)effect leve>] of 3,4,5-T for teratogenic effeefa <30 ffifi/ks) and thii calculated dermc! expoBUTO level tar 3,4.9-7 (0.0:99 mgA«lr> does sot oamtttate en ample margin of aafaty. The Workkv Oroup therefore reoomMf;7i{s» bniftnce ®f a rcbuttable pre8tt*aptlc>& ipfaflt tnatiekto predicts containing; 2,4,9-T I<82.1i(aX8XUXB}. XstpattUTt. The Oroup has also considered the possibility of a single individim! beiny esiposed througti two 02- store of th# ebove i«utes. Tba result* (derived fraa taMos 37, 80, and 31) are sfeowti to 'l^blo £4. The Workin® Group felw tlmt po»Me cumulative exposure to dIo»J!t~&ijiitaM5XS pesticides could the totet tody burden and liicr«*eo total rkt frora dlttxln exp^usB. Workims Crnnp eomlfeta that the f,we«m the no-adverse-effect levd of fCim M t«ratogeiitc effect* (0.03 its/kg) »fid the oeleulaMt ewaiulatlw expol«7el« for TCDD in Situatioiu 3 «ud 8 T*bJ« 34) do constitute an ample of safety. The WoftUSng Group oiao , however, thst i^ie diffcraicoo bothe :i)-i>-*<Jv8«-3f-e«ecJ. levels of 3.4.&-T and TC£»D for teratccenlc ciffecte (20 mc/k* «nd Q<G3 ^ff/fes;, ia5j>a:'t5vcly) und tho calculated Cumulative expowM levels for 2,4,8,-T to feitufitiorjs l, 8, and 8 ai*d TCDD in 81f,u»tloffi 1 (see Table H) do not coiwtitute an ample margin of safety. The Working Group therefore «t»ai!infeiM'j issuance of a rebuttab^ praumj'tiairi agfttet peaUotda products eont«iAf!i$ rj,4,8-T pursuant to 40 0*000016 ug/hr; 3> 0,000016 ug/hr X 8 * 0.000128 tsg; 4) 0,000126 / 60 kg a -6 A.-' aefiimtmr* .KMrtunt: »<Bfll».r ! ' i « ( * i M . 5 *MilRiS«J6lW.*«ftMrSiiCi-"MJ4JwUS.,-,» »lu» W*«»«««*i! "Johnson («8) (sea fJeetlon I.O.(8)>, in a review article, calculated a daDy iali*l»tilou exrxwure to ptosnoxy hcrblddes of O.S26 pg/ kg for a 70-ks adult. Tbo m.i.valM'Cum wei« based or> wtel air mon!torto£ <itjta of sir 8ft<upl«fi collw.t«d fc» two wheftt-sro'tflBjg »r*5B to the stats of Washiwii during «piisi{T end suttiiMt' and eum'ijmad for pheuoxy herbicide. ?%« author did not specify how soon aflter tp^tetlon the ttmples was'c taken. �Nona* 17142 \^^A^^I^mmK^.^J^*^^m^JU^M^^ lOral0,000? mg/Kg I Dental- 6,8 ag/kg '0.2.8*/kg*' I I Oral-'""" 0,0007 sg/kg |D«r0al- 1.8 Big/kf flnhel.- 0,05 A/ « 1.85 t Oral I Dermal- 0,0007 ug/Icg ilnhal.'jCuss. « 0.000? ,«f/kg iOra),- , 0.00016 ug/fcg ilnhal.- negligible*' 0,00018 ug/kg I Oral!Dermal- 5 I 10~6 ug/kg Ilnhal.- 2 X 10"6 ug/kg 6 -J. A/ Calculations ware sead« on a worst-oase basis as 3f of da'real «poaur« basod ort Wolf* (1?9) who states, "orar 972 of th« p«3tields feo which the body la- subjected during most axposure altuatlona, an<J espwaially to applicators of liquid apraya, is depoaited on the akin." TCDD inhalation exposure values uoro negligible: Situation 4H, 21 X 10" Situation #2, 5M JE tO"? us/kg, I Oral0.000? rog/kg IDapmal- 0.051 sag/kg ilnhal.- 0,0^6 ing/kg iv. ws-ixw ThJs section wl«ir«««ss other types of adverse effwte of 3. 4, 5-T for which the Working Group tuts detewntaK? that Iraufficienf. <jvt(.!«nca eitfcits to Initiate a wbutteble i»res«tnj?t10n. TIic Agency eaiidta coram«its from isgistrc )iis and other interested parties on the evi(J*n«? list ad below, and r«^uetrfd (sabmlssSisn of m,y gdtiitiorai studies or relevant inforafctioii on St, 4, 8-T »Jid/or TCOD relative to these potential fidvatsc effects, A. M't(.t<iffmteitt?. - Secttoa U3.1KAX8XUXA) providea fctet a rebuttable presumption shall R-rtee If a pesticide's tngfedieKt(e), Met»&oyte<s>, or dosraclatlon produces) Induce m^temte effecie. as determtocd fey iaultit«8t STOWCC. (1) «, 4, 5-T-<a> AMitive «tu^. Majumdar anrt Oolte <f 75) fed raftJo Dmtashtta, meHanogaxter either 290 or 1,OM ppm dioxto f rea '8, 4, 5-T. (obtsinwl £ram wtessn for IB days. They WCM then mated to sets of virstn females to generate three 4'rtfl.y breiods of offspidng. R flies were altowed to mate, 1 F. flies were scored for X-llnk«d and access! /* lethals. Mo difference among broods wort} notsd, and sals from &J1 broods we^a pooled. The percent lethala in coutixjte, 250 and 1,000 ppm croupe wsir*: dose-reMed aanfl were 0.05, 0.026, and 0.88 percent, respectively. The control vs. 1,000 ppm lethal rate mtra sJgoJ/tejnay different from ono moth«? <u < 0.01). Kthyl methano saUonats <3SO ppm) wes included »a a positiva control; it- yielded 13,70 percent tethals.- The totej &uatb«7 of flies te w-ch rapertacstol group was no larger than 3,000. <b) Negative Stttdita, lite Rmtagercldty of 3, 4, 6-T was evaluated by Urcegovlch et el. (14S), ejiiployiHsr the procedurd of Amos, using five strains.of Sotoumdlti imhimurivm without activation. They concluded WiM- 3,4, S-T to not HiBtsgesSc, Fujita e* 81. (W9) reported chromosomal L v(*9•cytogenetlc studies U9 tffft, VOL 48, MO. of human lymphocytes exposed to 1 10-' M of 2, 4. 5-T, which contalne ppm TCDD, Breaks, deletions, and were observed. Chromatld breako inc; with increasing ixtwientratiorwi of 2, < It wua not t»*;!b!e to dfetinguUh ?;) thin was «tosic effect or a. potential g effect USO). Maijuwdar arid Hall (JA9) reported • oytogenetic effects of 2,4,6-T" on b tone-marrow eelte of MougoUan gc-rlfil aniniais wera injet»te4 with total amou 3.4.S-T at the rate of SO, 150, 350, 3SO, me/kg body weight over the 5-d»y p« the study. Increasing numbers of chrc gaps, breaks, and fragments were obi at 3£0, 950, eud $00 wg/fc.-j dose,-.. F change fteui«a or teochromosome g* breate were observed. This Us not a ( tlv@ exjxrriment for Indicating the p«>t of 3,4,5-T for causing heritable chrouv damage <11Q\ Toxiclty effects of the c cal could give sinxfiar results (17t)\ Davring »md Hultg-ren (.171) report «n in vivo study on the cytogeratic t on boKe-itwsrrow cells of JViu mia <m*le ml«i) induced by a Swedish cw ciaJ 2.4.S-T ester formulation '• and itt pont'ttts. l"he study 8howe,3 that '» cc<mmercial products can affect chro mal and repvoducUve mech«nisnis. Tw ferent strains of mice were used with * results for both. These results com with effects seen In Drcaophfla. Th thws stated that chromatid intsr- i traexcbanses were never observed, study was not carried out sufficient) the demoratratlon of chromosomal e sweh iis roaj-rangrment-i in future i« tioswi of somatic, cells U70). O^vdiig and Suruvn* U72) denwrvst eytogenettc effects of B Swedish comm 3,4,8-T formulation • on oogenesia and embryogenesis In Drosoykifa inela.nct> A BO percent decrease in fertility fo flies wgvs detenaimd to be 350 ppui. level is 40 to 60 times lotto thm field uw f eatration levels. Reproductive and ela sompi affects were observed. ""The 2,4,8-T used in this study wap, chnsed from JEJtwtoian Kodak Co., He ter, K.Y., ar'd contotued no measu amount of TCDD. The authors do not cste the limit, of sensitivity. "The concentration of TCDD was gu toed to fe« 1»3 than 0,1 ppta In the pro "TCDD concentration was less thv ppm in this formuJatiora which «»3 test praftMca.' field uae concetitratioiut or lo% AMtt «, 1W« �17146 •118. KeJtermftn, O., M, Luyten-KeU«rmsm and C. R. Shaw. 1073. Genetic variation of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylaiw in human lymphocytes. Amor. J. Hum. Genet. 28:327-331. •114. Kouri, R. E., R. A. Salerno, and C. B, Whltmire. 1873. Relationships between asryl hydrocarbon hydroxylswa fedticibllity and sensitivity to chemically induced oubcutoneoua saroomw in various strains of mice. S. Natl. Ceacer tot. 80<a):S6S-383. •118. Poland, A., and E. Olover. 1973. Studies on the mechanism of toxieity of the chlorinated dibenao-jMlioxlna. EnvJroa. Health Perspec. 8:348-251. •118. Poland. A., and S, Glover. 1974. Comparison of 2, 3. 7, 8-tetrMhlorodibenmjHSioxin, A potent inducer of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, with 8-methyleholanthrene. Molcc. Phsrmacol. 10:340-389. •117. Poland, A., E., GIovw, and A. S. Kende. 1978. Stereospecific, high, affinity btadtog of 2, 3. 7, a4etmchloroditoeoao-jjdioxte by hepatic cystosol. J. Bio. Chen*. 2SlU®):4930-4948, •118. Allen, J. R., D, A, Barsottl. J, P. Van Miller, L. J, Abrahamson, and J. J. LaJieh. Undated. Morphological changes in mon~ keys consuming a diet containing low-levels of 2, 8, 7, 8-tetrachIorodlbeiKO-jMlJoxin. (In Press, W. Cosmet. Toxicol.) •119. Green, B. 1975. Cytogentte evaluation of several dioxins In the wt, (DRAFTunpublished.) •ISO, Tung, T, T. 1073. Primary cancer of the liver in Vietnam. (Transl. from French.) Chirargie &S: 427-438. 131. U.8. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare, I960. Report of the Secretary's Commission on pesticides, and their relationship to environmental health. Washington, D.C. •122. Clew. I>. J. 1671. Itobryotodcity at chemicals contaminants of foods, Fd. Coraiet. ToKlcol. 9:198-208. •18S. Courtney. K. D.. D. W. Gaylor, U. D. Hogan, H. L, Ps*, R. R. Bates, and I. Mitchell. 1970. Teratogenic evaluation of 3, 4, 9-T. Siteice 108:864-864. *134. CoMteB, T. F. X., »nd C. H. Wffitenw. 1871. Teratogwde studies with 3, 4. 6-T and 3, 4, 843 in the hamstw. Bull, Environ. Oontom. Toxieol. e«J):8B»-W7. *1S8. Roil, R. 1971. Steadies of th« teratofenic effect of a, 4, 8-T in mice. (Tram form L Cornet. Toxicol. 9:8?HJT8. Ron, R. 1973. Toxicologlcal evahiaof aj»eial orsBnoohlorfimtcd own? pounds. SMvirom. Qus.1. Safety 3:117-124. *137. Nwbert, B., sad I. DHlmaiw. 1973. , natteyofoMdo effect* to asioe tn;%te4 with 3, 4, 64rtetolo?optoenoxyaoetic add and 3, 8, 7, . *183. Bwe, O., S. Cekouova, and K. S. taKsoa. 1973, Teratogenic and e?»laryotosic effects of tho berbteidei di- and trlcblorophenoxyacctic adds (S, 4-D and 3, 4. 5-T). Aeta Phsnnacol. Toxicol. SS<6>:4684ie. *133. Courtney, K. 0. !S7fl. MOWB« teratology studies with chlorodibCTOO-jMMojttra. Bull, Knvirois, Contam. Toxlook i6:<6)874881. " • ' - . . • '.', •184. Courtney, K. D, Undated, Premtai effects of Jierbicides: evaluation by the prenatel developraeist to<tex, <1« Prea», Arch, Environ, Contain. Toxicol.) •138. Smith, F. A.. B. 2, Schwets, and K. D. Nitschke, 1S76. Tewtogsniclty of 2,3,7,8tetrachloK»dlbeiKsy.|»-diosin In CF-1 mice, Toxicol. Appl. PhunMCoL 88:017-833. 138. Ven-ett, J. 1970. Statement of Dr. Jacqueline Verrett, Food and Drug Administration, Department of HKW. P«f@s 100-203 in Effects of 3,4,8-T on man and the environment: hearings before the Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and the Environment of the Committee OJB Commerce, Unites' States Senate, Ninety .First Coweas, Second Session on Effects of 2,4,S-T on M*n and tiie SnYironitt^nt: April 7 and 18, 1&70. U^S. Government Printing Offiw, Wagnington, D.C. ' ' -• •137..Bowca, O. W., B, B. Simoneit, A, L. Burlingame, B. W. de Lappe, and R. W. Higebrough. 1973. TS»e wwrcfe for chlorinated dibengofurans and ohlorinated ditenssodioxira to wildlife population sliowing elevated kvels of embryonk death. Environ. Health FersjOCC. 8,191-198. *138. Lute, H,. and Y. lAiteOatertae. 1972. Tlie action of different pesticides on the development of bird embryos. Adv. E?.p, Mcd. Blol. 37:127-150. 189. Bal. H. S. 1977. Validation report. tT.8. Environmental Protection Agency, WaRfiingU>n, D.C, (unpublished.) •140. Sp*reehu, O. I*, F. L. Dunn, E. W. Uaowe, and V. 1C. Rowe. 1671. Study of the effects of high levels of 2,4,6trtetilorophertoxyacetic aoM on foetal development in the rat, F<1, Comet. Toxicol. ®:527 830. •141. Erawon, J. L,, D. J. Thoaijwm, B, J, Streging, C. G. Gerbig, and V. B. BoWwon. 1971, Te»t«|r«nSo stvidte on M,6tdcMofaphenoayaefltSc «;Jd fa the rat stnd »bWt. W. Cosroet, Ttostoift. e:3fl5-i04. *143. Strp»«e, J. B., and W. SB. Kan. HW. ' Teratogenlc and tosicoloetea! cxftrntoM-toK of 3,4,S-triehloropheBo»acetic acid in deveSaptog chicfe embryo*. Toxtel. 6:35-40. •143. Bjorklwnd, k, and K. Brae. iWa. Ftaeaoxy-ocid-iiKluc$4 renal c4i»!)g0s ta tine cfeleken, I. uHrastaJcture. Acts Vet. Arch. Pharaa»co). •144. ielsmea,:, A/J, 1MI. The annitsi jsaf «*|Sita oonsvaaptioa of Mtectal itenss of ioo^ •1318. Courtney, K. D., and J. A. Moore. to tl$e United St&tf g, Qt]y. Bull, Acsoe. Food 1»71. Teratology studies with 3, 4, SOffte. 2«(8):U8-181. trScliterophenosyH-OBtic acid and 3, 9, 7, 8^e«, H. a., K, c, w«ak«r, jr. w. mtracMojwS!o8D.TO-3J-di«J55to. ToxicoL Ai>pl. W. F. Dm-Jwm, 1999. Evaluation of FhRrouwl. 20:^06-403, the health htmurdt tavoSved In house -opray • *JS8. %ftrschw, O. L., F. t>. Diura, »nd V, tog with DOT. Bull. World Health Org. K. Rwe. 167L Study of the terftiogenieity 4a*i lrT4%i of a, 8, 7, 8-iatrad»10ro4tt»ni!o jj-dloxte In f 14O%Jerml Working Group on Pest Manthe rat. PdL Cosmet, Toxkoi. 8:403:41 a. a^eitieut. 1974.. Oceapattea «x:ooaure to *1SC. Kher*, E. S,, and W. l», McEinley. p^ritlcldw report to the Fadera) Working 1972. Fi«-»n4 posfoiRtel studies on 3, 4, 8- Group on Pest Hnms^m^nt from the Tank. trlcWorophe»oxya«etlc acid, 2, 4- Group on Oceupfttio'tt&l Exposure to Pest-idichlcrophen0xy«bcetic acid and their d<i- eides. Waahtagton, ».C. iia »ta. Toxtcoi. Appl, PhannoooL •147. St&tf f, D. C., 8. W. Comer, J. B. Armstrong; and H. E. Wolfe. 1670. Bxpos'sre to 1. Sofeolik, I. Yu. 1973. Effect of S, 4, 8- the herbidda, pestwjaivi. Bull. Stwiron, tttstiloroptenoxyacetic aei<S «md its butyl Contara. TodcoL 14(8 ):834 -340, ester on eeibryogenests of tftts. Bull •148. Brcsgorfch, C. D., and K. A. R&shid. Biol. Med. 7«m:831-833. 1977. Muta$«rnis in muteat stnUm of vot montlla tvt>Mmurtum by pesticides. Presented at 174th Amer. Chem, Soc. NU. Meettag, AupiiBt 80, 1977. (TJnpubltehed.) •149. Fujita, K., H. Fujita. and Z. Funa•&&(. 1978. Chromospheric abnormalities brought about by the use of 3,4,8-T. (Transl. from Japanese.) J. Jap. Assoc. Rural Med. 24(8):77-79. 180. Memo: TCDI>-d)oxin: mutageniclty, dftted August 28, 1977. From Ruth Pertel, O8PE, to Mary Ileece and Harvey Warnick I'Project Manwesrs, OSPRJ. *151. Yefknenlto, L. P. 1974. Data for assessing the gonadotropic and mutagenic effect of the herbicide butyl ether 2.4,6-T. (Trannl. from Russian.) Gig. TV. Prof. Zabol. l8(4):24-27. 182. ConununicAtion presented at the . HKW seminar on Environmental Mutagenidty, October 12, 1976, "153, Jensen, N. E., I. B. Sneddon, and A. E, Walker. 1972. Tetraehloroberewdloxln and chloracne. Trans. St. John's Hosp. Dmn. Soc. 58(2):172-177. •184. Kleu, O,, and R. GoMz. 1971. Late and long-term injuries following the chronic occupational action of chlorophenol compounds: catftflffmetic neurologic-psychiatric and pcyciiologicai studies. (Trans!, from Oerawun.) Med. Klin. (Munich) 8fX2):63-58. "138. ter Beek, F,, R. Bokhorst, M. v.d. Fisa, K. Olsthoorti, P. Vergragt. and O. v.d. Zwan. 1973 Dioxine, a dangerous pollutant Us a widely u*ed herbicide. (Transl. from Dutch.) Chernlflch Wwkblad 69(23):8-4. '168, XeMkov, A. Kit., and L. N. Danilov. 1974. Oxiupattonal dermatitis (acne) in workers engaged in the production of 2,4,8trichlorophenol. (Trwsl. from Russian.) So•157. Oliver. R. M. 1975, Toxic effects of 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibensso 1,4 dlox^n In laboratory worfcer*. Br. J. todust. Med. 82:49-83. *1S8. Dugois, P., and L Colomb. 1087. ReniarSw OB halogen acne (as rega.rds an outbreak of CM'SS reBulting from the preparation of 2,4,S-tdchlorophiinol>. [Transl. from French.) J. Med, laron 38:3S9-(K»3. •186. Herw.SneSwier, K. 1399. Concerning ohlorinje acne.' (Trmtsl. from Oenuan). Munch. Med. Wochr. 9:278-270. •160. Woods, J. S. 1973. Studies of the effects of 3,8,7,8-tetj'RChlorodibenTO-jMiioxin on mamaite hepatic 8-aminol<evilinlc acid syjtthftaas, Knviron. Health Perspec. 5:221Wb, •191. Ooidstelu, J. A., P. Hictoian, H. Bertnoan, and J. 0. Vos. 1973. Hepatic porphyria induced by 3,8,7,8-tetrftchlorodibeiuo~jj-dioa!n. Res. Comm, Chem. Path. PhftCTftWOi. S<3):9J9-S28, *193, ConiwoTOS1, B., and H. E. Scott. 1973. Accidental oontatnin&tion of soil with dloxin in Mteouri: effects and countenneaaures. CBNB, Watshtngton Univ., 6t Louin, MlusouW. F., and H. R. Wolfe, issswrornent of the exposure of workera to pesticides. Bull. World Health Org. Exposure analysis, 3,4,8-T, 'February 1878. From Chief, Chemistry Branch, Criteria, and Kv&luation Division, to Project Manager, Office of Special Pesticide Reviews. 188. Association of Food & Drug Officials of the United States. 1985, Appraisal of the safety of chemicals in foods, drugs and cosmetics, Topeloi, Ksm •160. Wolfe, H. R., J. F. Armstrong, and W. F. Durham, 1974. Exposure of mosquito control workers to feoihkm, Mo-iKjuito News � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 049 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1275 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Corporate Author: Office of the Federal Register Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Federal Register Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 21 1978 Title A name given to the resource Federal Register Subject The topic of the resource herbicide toxicology herbicide regulation agricultural exposure ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 048 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1253 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Watanabe, Sushmu Satoru Watanabe Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Japanese Journal of Clinical Dermatology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Title A name given to the resource Contact Dermatitis Due to Herbicide (PCP and MCPB): A Fatal Case Subject The topic of the resource agricultural exposure herbicide poisoning ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 048 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1235 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Witter, Robert F. Description An account of the resource Corporate Author: Technical Development Laboratories, Technology Branch, Communicable Disease Center, Bureau of State Services, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1959 Title A name given to the resource Reprint: Protection of Shade Trees with DDT and Its Relation to Human Health Subject The topic of the resource CDC agricultural exposure human testing pesticide toxicology ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 048 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1231 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Stadelman, W. J. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived BioScience Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-07-01 Title A name given to the resource Record of Some Chemical Residues in Poultry Products Subject The topic of the resource agricultural exposure animal testing pesticide toxicology ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 045 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1150 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Williams, Margie Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Wheat Grower Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983-09-01 Title A name given to the resource Reproduction Not Affected By Pesticide Exposure NAWG Study Shows Subject The topic of the resource agricultural exposure congenital birth defects ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 045 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1110 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tsapko, V. P. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Gigiena I Sanitariya Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 Title A name given to the resource The Herbicide 2, 4- D as a Health Hazard in Agriculture Subject The topic of the resource agricultural exposure health effects animal testing herbicide toxicology ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 044 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1063 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Smith, Allan H. David O. Fisher Neil Pearce Cyril J. Chapman Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Archives of Environmental Health Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July/August 1982 Title A name given to the resource Congenital Defects and Miscarriages among New Zealand 2, 4, 5- T Sprayers Subject The topic of the resource agricultural exposure human studies health effects ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 043 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1062 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Smith, Allan H. D.P. Matheson D.O. Fisher C.J. Chapman Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The New Zealand Medical Journal Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 25 1981 Title A name given to the resource Reprint with letter: Preliminary Report of Reproductive Outcomes Among Pesticide Applicators Using 2, 4, 5- T Subject The topic of the resource agricultural exposure congenital birth defects health effects human studies ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 043 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1061 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Smith, Allan H. D.P. Matheson D.O. Fisher C.J. Chapman Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The New Zealand Medical Journal Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 25 1981 Title A name given to the resource Preliminary Report of Reproductive Outcomes Among Pesticide Applicators Using 2, 4, 5- T Subject The topic of the resource agricultural exposure congenital birth defects health effects human studies ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 043 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1053 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shifferd, Kent D. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1978-02-01 Title A name given to the resource Typescript: The Citizen Position: An Overview Subject The topic of the resource EPA herbicide regulation agricultural exposure health effects ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 043 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1016 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Roan, C. C. Description An account of the resource Corporate Author: Hopes Consulting, Inc. National Agricultural Aviation Association Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-12-01 Title A name given to the resource An Investigation of the Possible Effects of Pesticide Exposures on Reproductive Mortality and Morbidity: Part 1; Preliminary Report Comparisons Between Populations of Agricultural Pilots and Their Siblings Who are not Occupationally Exposed to Pesticides Subject The topic of the resource agricultural exposure congenital birth defects health studies ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 043 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1015 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Roan, C. C. Description An account of the resource Corporate Author: Hopes Consulting, Inc. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived World of Agricultural Aviation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980-12-01 Title A name given to the resource An Investigation of the Possible Effects of Pesticide Exposures on Reproductive Mortality and Morbidity: Part 1; Preliminary Report Comparisons Between Populations of Agricultural Pilots and Their Siblings Who are not Occupationally Exposed to Pesticides Subject The topic of the resource agricultural exposure congenital birth defects health studies ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 041 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0955 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Peachey, R. D. G. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived British Journal of Dermatology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Title A name given to the resource Skin Hazards in Farming Subject The topic of the resource agricultural exposure dioxin ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 040 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0929 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nigg, H. N. J. H. Stamper Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Chemosphere Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Title A name given to the resource Exposure of Florida Airboat Aquatic Weed Applicators to 2, 4 - Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2, 4 -D) Subject The topic of the resource agricultural exposure herbicide application human testing protective clothing ao_seriesIII