1 15 53 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 094 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2395 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Meroni, Simonetta Pierluigi Bonizzoni Sergio Angeletti Description An account of the resource Corporate Author: Regione Lombardia, Ufficio Speciale di Seveso Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984-09-01 Title A name given to the resource Typescript: Paper from September 1984 conference entitled, "Una risposta technologica ad un incidente industriale" [No translation] Subject The topic of the resource data collection decontamination building remediation Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 092 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2314 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Di Domenico, Alessandro Vittorio Silano Giuseppe Viviano Giovanni Zapponi Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980 Title A name given to the resource Accidental Release of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) at Seveso, Italy Subject The topic of the resource soil testing plant testing building remediation analytical studies https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/4fcfaadea9c4b90ee47d1383561e390d.pdf 6886a7219ddb414a6d1bb8f338e6d6b8 PDF Text Text Item D Number °2293 Author Corporate Author RepOrt/ArtlOlB Tltlfl Typescript: The Role of the Office of General Services and its Consultant, Versar Inc., in the Decontamination of the Binghamton State Office Building, [nd] Journal/Book Title Year Month/Day Color D Number of bnagee * DOSCrlpton NOtBS Note on 1st Thursday, September 20, 2001 Pa9e; From: Glenn E. Haughie, M.D. Page 2293 of 2293 �THE ROLE OF THE OFFICE OF GENERAL SERVICES AND ITS CONSULTANT, VERSAR INC. IN THE DECONTAMINATION OF THE BINGHAMTON STATE OFFICE BUILDING The Office of General Services is responsible to the Governor for the development and administration of operations and activities required to support State agencies. In this regard, OGS is responsible for the overall management of major office building facilities throughout the State, including Binghamton, New York. The Office of General Services also provides architectural/engineering and construction management services through its Design and Construction Group in regard to State buildings and ancillary facilities. Since the February 1981 fire at the Binghamton State Office Building, the Design and Construction Group has been primarily responsible for the administration of the decontamination project and has been responsible for the oversight of the activities of Versar Inc., the State's retained consultant for this project. The involvement of the Design and Construction Group began with an emergency response on February 5, 1981 as a result of the fire and ensuing power failure which created a construction type emergency condition. At that time, measures were taken to furnish temporary power to the building to replace the destroyed electrical distribution system and also to commence preliminary cleanup operations. Shortly after the February 5 incident, the Office of General Services identified the need for a personal representative of the agency's Commissioner and Executive Deputy Commissioner to manage ongoing aspects of the project related to intergovernmental coordination, general administration, and media management for the project. A new position of Executive Coordinator was established and was filled in June 1981. The incumbent of this position is based in Albany but spends at least one day a week in Binghamton to ensure that the concerns of the local levels of government as well as those of all interested groups are addressed. Additionally, the Executive Coordinator ensures that the Commissioner and Executive Deputy Commissioner are fully aware of all ongoing aspects of the project, especially those matters which may require their personal attention. Since that time, the Design and Construction Group has been assigned responsibility for four areas of the building's rehabilitation; namely, retention of Versar Inc. as the State's consultant, the coordination, for review and approval, of various plans and research developed by Versar; the direction of field operations on the site to be certain that plans and procedures developed are followed, along with appropriate contract supervision; and the issuance of contracts implementing various plans and procedures developed by the consultant and approved by reviewing agencies having jurisdiction. The primary State agencies involved are the Departments of Environmental Conservation, Health, and Labor, along with the Office of General Services as the lead agency. The agencies identified �-2- here have been provided copies of various plans for review in accordance withthe scope of their jurisdiction so that a high level of credibility is maintained, while at the same time, maintaining a practical level of expected performance for site operations. After having been retained by the State, Versar Inc. embarked upon several amjor areas of planning and research to develop proper direction for the cleanup of the State Office Building, including the development of specific plans for health and safety, building cleaning, solid waste disposal, air pollution control, water treatment, building security, and research in the area of chemical toxicity. Because of the nature of the contaminants inside the State Office Building, Versar developed a comprehensive Health and Safety Plan to protect both the workers who would be entering the building and the residents of the community. The elements of this plan include medical surveillance, protective equipment, exposure surveillance or industrial hygiene, air pollution control, and enforcement components. Critical sub-parts of the general programs are the respirator program required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the emergency response program. The details of the Health and Safety Program are presented in two documents: A general Health and Safety Plan which presents the broad outlines of the program emphasizing organization, implementation, justification, and program elements, and, as a second document, the Health and Safety Standard Operating Procedures, which relate, in a detailed manner, the operation of the various elements of the program. As plans were developed, they were circulated for review and comment by the reviewing agencies previously identified and were not finalized until the concurrence of all parties had been achieved. Plans in final form were then shared with the local levels of government for their information, and presented publicly at open meetings of the Intergovernmental Coordination Group consisting of the State agencies previously described and representatives of Broome County government and the City of Binghamton government. Concurrently, the plans were made available to the public by placement in the reference section of the public libraries in the area. The Department of Environmental Conservation has provided its expertise concerning environmental management, primarily in the areas of the discharge of air and water, and the management of solid waste generated by the cleanup process. The New York State Department of Labor and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health have participated in the development of our workers' safety and health program. Three separate contracts have been issued to implement the various areas that have been developed and ultimately approved: 1. Air Pollution Control Systems Contract - Provided for the purchase and installation of air pollution control equipment on the roof, including fans, chemical and particulate filters and necessary duct work. Material was placed on the roof by helicopter to minimize contact with the building. Originally this equipment was operated in a recirculating mode until test data proving the �—3— effectiveness of the systems was available. At that time, the equipment was reconfigured to exhaust to the atmosphere as originally intended. 2. Entry Module Contract - This facility was provided through the purchase of a partially outfitted mobile structure which was then expanded and modified to include temporary entry facilities and locker areas, rest rooms, and security offices so that complete control could be maintained over the workmen and other personnel authorized to enter the building for various reasons. All routine entry and exit from the building is through this facility which is located on the basement level, adjacent to the loading dock. 3. Preliminary Cleanup Contrac t - This contract is considered an extension of the operations which were started on an emergency basis in February and March of 1981. However, procedures have been modified to ensure a thorough, safe, and structured approach to this activity. This contract is not intended to produce a building ready for occupancy, but rather is intended to accomplish removal of soot, thereby reducing significantly the overall level of toxicity. This operation will include high efficiency vacuum cleaning, wiping and washing of all exposed surfaces, and many of the readily accessible hidden areas in the building. Files, records, personal effects and furniture will be removed and most of the records and personal effects will be destroyed. Furniture will be wiped down and stored in the sub-basement. The Design and Construction Group also maintains direct control over the entire building for contract operations and for routine building operation and maintenance functions. The Director of field operations is the senior officer on the site and supervises a staff of nine inspectors to oversee both contractor work and the execution of necessary preliminary functions. Employees of the contractor, identified in No. 3 above, are inventorying materials and equipment within the building and collecting soot samples where untouched grossly contaminated areas can be found. At the present time, we are awaiting a decision from the Department of Environmental Conservation on the appropriate disposal of records and materials described above. Under the direction of the Design and Construction Group, the Office of General Services has authorized Versar Inc., its consultant, to undertake a variety of ongoing activities related to the site, the program and the overall management of ongoing activities, as follows: A. PROGRAM ORGANIZATION The Program Coordinator, a Versar employee, manages the Health and Safety Program. As a part of his staff, a Certified Industrial Hygienist manages the �-4- Exposure Surveillance Program while an Occupational Physician is responsible for the Medical Surveillance Program. In addition to their specific Program responsibilities, the Industrial Hygienist and the Occupational Physician act as technical consultants to the Health and Safety Officer. All on-site safety activities are supervised by the Safety Officer. Presently, the Safety Office is staffed on-site with 1 full-time Safety Officer, 1 combination Safety Officer and Site Engineer, 3 Safety Technicians, 1 Respirator Technician, 2 full-time and 11 part-time Security personnel. All of the part-time personnel are off-duty policemen from the Binghamton City Police Department. B. SECURITY The Health and Safety Office is responsible for 24-hour security of the Building and the entry/exit facility. Two full-time security guards work during regular working hours. They primarily regulate the movement of authorized personnel in and out of the Building and issue proper safety clothing and gear. Off-duty policemen maintain security during non-working hours. A close working relationship with the Police Department ensures that all security emergencies can be dealt with in a prompt, efficient and safe manner. C. CONTAMINANT CONTROL Personnel exiting through the entry-exit facility or air backflowing from inside to outside through the.facility could cause the movement of contaminants from the Building. To control air flow, an air pollution control system has been installed on top of the Building which maintains negative pressure inside the Building. As a result, air is constrained to move from outside the entry facility to inside the Building. In the event that the APC system shuts down, special alarms alert in-Building personnel and a special door closes adjacent to the entry-exit.facility to block movement of contaminants through the facility to the outside. To ensure that workers do not inadvertently carry contaminants from the Building they must remove all protective gear and clothing inside the Building and shower out prior to exiting. A specially designed personnel trailer facility containing lockers, showers and special clothes washers and dryers has been built and connected to the Building to facilitate the movement of people in and out of the Building. Daily smoke tests ensure that air flow in the trailer facility is always directed into the Building. D. EMERGENCY RESPONSE In the event of a fire, medical emergency or security emergency inside the Building, complete emergency response plans have been Implemented. E. SUPPORT BY COMMUNITY RESOURCES The ultimate success of any project of this scope and complexity depends upon the close cooperation of many individuals and groups. Included in this category are the community resources of Binghamton City and Broome County. All emergency personnel in the community including the Fire Department, County Health Department and the Police Department have worked closely with the Safety Officer to ensure that the proper response will be made during any emergency. �-5- Medical examinations are being carried out by Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital located in Binghamton. F. CONTROL OF WATER DISCHARGED FROM THE BINGHAMTON STATE OFFICE BUILDING Temporary storage tanks have been installed in the sub-basement of the Building to store all of the water generated during the cleanup of the Building, including water used to clean the building, water from the clothes washers and showers in the personnel entry facility, and water generated by condensation on cooling coils in the air conditioning system. Water in the storage tanks is treated by filtering through sand and activated carbon and is not released until chemical analysis of the treated water has demonstrated that it contains less than one microgram of PCBs per liter. Spent carbon from the treatment system is being stored in drums for eventual disposal in a landfill approved for disposal of high level PCB wastes. G. CONTROL OF AIR MOVEMENTS THROUGH THE BINGHAMTQN STATE OFFICE BUILDING A number of modifications of the Binghamton State Office Building have been made to control the flow through and out of the Building. The purpose of achieving control of the air flow is to assure that the air flow through the personnel entry trailer and through the disposal exit will be into the building, thereby preventing contamination of the personnel dressing facilities and the areas adjacent to the Building. It was also required to prevent the dispersion of toxic materials into the community due to movement of dusty contaminated air out of the building at ventilation louvers, ventilating ducts, and other normal air interchange points. Building modifications included sealing all points of possible air leaks through the exterior of the Building, constructing personnel entry facilities with fan forced air flow through the entry areas and into the Building, construction of an air lock to be used to remove contaminated material from the sub-basement of the Building, and installation of two 2500 cfm exhaust fans on the roof connected to the ventilating ducts leading to the men's and women's restrooms on each floor. The exhaust air from the roof mounted fans is pulled through a series of filters before being released. These filters are similar to those commonly used to treat the air exhausted by hoods in chemical and biological laboratories: the air is pulled through particulate filters which are 99% effective in removing particles having a diameter of 0.3 micrometers, and then through two activated carbon filters, each of which removes99% plus of the volatile organic compounds from the air. The performance of the air pollution control systems has been demonstrated through a comprehensive series of tests performed prior to using the exhaust fans to remove air from the Building, and the performance is continuing to be monitored by periodic tests. In addition to the testing of the Air Pollution Control System, a number of other air samples have been taken to determine the concentration of PCBs in ambient air in Binghamton and to determine the concentration of PCBs in the air inside the Building as a function of time after the exhaust fans were turned on. �H. PLANNING FOR SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL FROM THE BINGHAMTON STATE OFFICE BUILDING The loose paper and desk top items in the Building have been removed and placed in 55-gallon steel drums for eventual disposal in a land fill approved for disposal of PCBs. Typewriters and other office equipment have been stored in a locked storage atea of the basement for possible decontamination. The rest of the Building and its furnishings, including furniture, floors, ceiling spaces, etc., is being washed with detergent and water. The contaminated cleaning rags are being stored for eventual disposal as PCBs. A preliminary risk assessment of the consequences of disposing of precleaned material as non-hazardous industrial waste has been prepared and is being reviewed by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. A major study has been performed of the comparative cost of decontamination of the Building by cleaning followed by testing to verify cleanliness vs. disposal of most of the removable material followed by reconstruction of the building. The cleaning option would be less expensive provided that a criteria of cleanliness is established that is otainable and that does not result in prohibitively high analytical costs. I. DISPOSAL OF CONTAMINATED DOCUMENTS IN THE BINGHAMTON STATE OFFICE BUILDING The New York State Department of Health has advised that it is not feasible to attempt to clean the documents that were in the Building to the point where they can be guaranteed to be safe to handle. Various alternatives have been considered for identifying important documents without having a large number of people entering and working in the Building. The recommendation has been made to destroy and bury the paper records while attempting to locate, segregate, and save a limited number of specific items involved in litigation. J. COLLECTION OF SOOT SAMPLES FROM THE BINGHAMTON STATE OFFICE BUILDING An extensive effort has been made to collect soot from horizontal in office areas where the soot would not be contaminated by heavy dust existing before the fire. Several hundred samples have been collected measured areas and have been given to the New York State Department of for use in toxicity testing and development of analytical methods. K. surfaces deposits from Health AIR SAMPLING IN THE GARAGE OF THE BINGHAMTON GOVERNMENT COMPLEX Versar New York has monitored the concentration of PCBs in the air in the publicly used County garage adjacent to the contaminated areas of the Binghamton State Office Building. This sampling and analysis activity was performed for the Broome County Department of Health under the sponsorship of OGS. DRR:sz �NEW YORK STATE OFFICE OF GENERAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT OF LAIOR SAFETY PR06RAM COORDINATOR (VERSAR. N.Y. INC.) INDIVIDUALS IN •UILDING HEALTH AND SAFETY OFFICE CONTRACTOR ACTIVITIES INSIDE BUILDING FIGURE 1 HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAM ORGANIZATION CONTRACTOR TRANSPORT OF MATERIALS �HEALTH AND SAFETY COORDINATOR CERTIFIED SAFETY OFFICER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST EXPOSURE MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM \ SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM OCCUPATIONAL PHYSICIAN HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAM FIGURE 2 HEALTH AND SAFETY OFFICE ORGANIZATION � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 090 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2293 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Typescript: The Role of the Office of General Services and its Consultant, Versar Inc., in the Decontamination of the Binghamton State Office Building, [nd] Subject The topic of the resource BSOB building remediation industrial hygiene waste disposal Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 090 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2286 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Stasiuk, William N. Title A name given to the resource Letter: from William N. Stasiuk to BSOB Technical Advisors, July 15, 1987 Subject The topic of the resource ambient air sampling industrial hygiene health monitoring building remediation Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 090 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2284 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Stasiuk, William N. Title A name given to the resource Memorandum: Final Test Report, from William Stasiuk to BSOB Distribution, December 9, 1986 Subject The topic of the resource ambient air sampling industrial hygiene building remediation Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 090 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2279 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Stevens, Harry Title A name given to the resource Letter: from Harry Stevens to Robert H. Huffaker, April 8, 1986 Subject The topic of the resource BSOB ambient air sampling building remediation Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 090 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2275 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Huffaker, Robert H. Title A name given to the resource Letter: from Robert H. Huffaker to BSOB Technical Staff, January 21, 1986 Subject The topic of the resource ambient air sampling laboratory protocol PCBs building remediation Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 089 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2272 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Huffaker, Robert H. Title A name given to the resource Letter: from Robert H. Huffaker to BSOB Technical Staff, December 9, 1985 Subject The topic of the resource laboratory protocol ambient air sampling building remediation Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 089 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2271 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Huffaker, Robert H. Title A name given to the resource Letter: from Robert H. Huffaker to Alvin L. Young, November 13, 1985 Subject The topic of the resource BSOB ambient air sampling PCBs building remediation https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/e17f3d68c83f49d1cc7bd56951e8f6a8.pdf ce9d5c7d32c1b5eeab80de909dfcce4f PDF Text Text Rom D Number 0227 ° Author Versar New York, Inc., Springfield, Virginia RODOrt/ArtlGlO Title Typescript: Summary Report: Measurement of Residual Contaminants in the Air and on Surfaces in Floors 2 Through 18 of the Binghamton State Office Building Following Completion of the Preliminary Cleanup and Measurement of the Effect of Normal HVAC Operations of the Concentration of Contaminants in the Air Within and Adjacent to the Binghamton State Office Building, August 12, 1985 Journal/Book Title Year Month/Day Color Number of Images D 17 Descriptor! Notes Thursday, September 20, 2001 Page 2270 of 2293 �SUMMARY REPORT: I MEASUREMENT OF RESIDUAL CONTAMINANTS IN THE AIR AND ON SURFACES IN FLOORS 2 THROUGH 18 OF THE BINGHAMTON STATE OFFICE BUILDING FOLLOWING COMPLETION OF THE PRELIMINARY CLEANUP AND MEASUREMENT OF THE EFFECT OF NORMAL HVAC OPERATIONS OF THE CONCENTRATION OF CONTAMINANTS IN THE AIR WITHIN AND ADJACENT TO THE BINGHAMTON STATE OFFICE BUILDING Prepared for: Office of General Services State of Nev York Albany, Nev York 12242 Prepared by: Veraar Nev York Inc. 6850 Veraar Center Springfield, Virginia 221S1 August 12, 1985 �1.0 INTRODUCTION On February 5, 1981, an intense electrical fire in the basement of the Bingharaton State Office Building (BSOB) caused coolant liquid to leak from a transformer into the fire. This coolant liquid consisted of a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated benzenes. The heat of the fire vaporized the liquid and spread black soot throughout the basement and all 18 floors of the building. Tests of this soot performed shortly after the fire found that it contained several percent PCBs by weight and various polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCOFs) at a concentration of up to several parts per million. The analysis of the soot also identified low levels of polychlorinated; dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated biphenylenea (PCBPs). These chemicals vere apparently created by the pyrolysis of the PCBs and chlorinated benzenes in the transformer liquid. The Nev York State Department of Health determined that the acute toxicity of the soot in guinea pigs vas equivalent to a material containing 58 parts per million 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7, 8-TCDD>. The initial cleanup of the BSOB vas halted in late February 1981 vhen it vas learned that TCDDs were present in the work environment. The cleaning was resumed in September 1981 after the necessary procedures and facilities were completed to assure adequate protection of the cleanup workers and the surrounding community during the subsequent extensive decontamination activities. Among the precautions taken was the sealing of existing ventilation openings and installation of an air pollution control system on the roof of the building to clean all air that was exhausted from the building through high efficiency particulate filters and activated carbon. The BSOB consists of three essentially separate ventilation zones (see Figure 1). In September 1984, following completion of the cleaning of all areas above the basement, the stairwells, elevator shafts, ventilating chases, and other openings between floors 1 and 2 were sealed and the roof mounted exhaust fans on the air pollution control equipment were connected to a metal tube that drew air from the basement mechanical room. After these changes were made, entry to the upper portion of the building was possible only through the plaza level entrance on floor 2, and subsequent cleaning has been concentrated on the basement and subbasement. A major test plan, 'Measurement of Residual Contaminants in the Air and on Surfaces in Floors 2 through 18....* dated September 5, 1984, was approved by the State of Hew York C2J. This revision incorporated suggestions made by the Expert Advisory Panel on the BSOB following reviews of previous drafts. Three separate tests were defined with a number of purposes: �PENTHOUSE w N O 14th FLOOR MEC.HANICAL ROOM > N X UJ m Z 3 O O N" 6th FLOOR MECHANICAL ROOM §1 2nd FLOOR - LOBBY PLAZA LEVEL ENTRANCE lit FLOOR - LOBBY, CAFETERIA RAMP STREET LEVEL ENTRANCE BASEMENT - TRANSFORMER ROOM ENTRY TRAILER COUNTY PARKING GARAGE SUB-BASEMENT - STORAGE FIGURE 1. BINGHAMTON STATE OFFICE BUILDING �First Test 1. Determine the normal ambient levels of PCBs, PCDFs, and PCDDs in the air in Binghamton around the BSOB. 2. Determine whether the air in the portion of the building above floor 1 vaa clean enough that a person could safely vork in the upper portion of the building without wearing an air purifying respirator, assuming that protective clothing continued to be worn to prevent skin contact with any remaining surface contaminants. 3. Collect wipe samples from various surfaces within floors 2 through Id for PCB analysis to identify those surfaces which had the highest remaining levels of residual contaminants. I I I Samples were collected from September 14 to September 17, 1984, and the results of the analysis of the samples were summarized in the Versar test report 'Summary of Results of the First Test...* dated January 25, 1985 C71. Second Test It had previously been the consensus of the Expert Advisory Panel that the release of untreated air from the BSOB would not be advisable until such a time that tests demonstrated that breathing the air would not result in a significant risk to a worker in the building. Air dispersion modeling indicated that air released from the building due to normal operations of the HVAC units on floors 6 and 14 would be significantly diluted, and that any potential exposure of people outside the building to contaminants would not be significant. The second test specified measurements of the levels of contaminants in the air around the building at the time normal HVAC operations were resumed as a check on the validity of these calculations. Third Test 1. Teat the quality of the air in the building after several weeks of normal operation of the HVAC system. 2.' Measure the levels of PCDDs and PCDFs on those surfaces in floors 2 through 18 found to have the highest remaining levels of PCBs as necessary to assess the cleanliness of the surfaces in terms of overall toxic exposure potential. The purpose of this summary report is to present the results of the tests in a systematic way to facilitate a decision as to the present cleanliness of floors 2 to 18 of the BSQB, �2.0 AIR QUALITY AROUND THE BINGHAMTON STATE OFFICE BUILDING Air samples vere collected on the roofs of the City Building, County Building, and YMCA adjacent to the BSOB before normal (untreated exhaust) ventilation was resumed using the HVAC units on floors 6 and 14 and at the time normal HVAC operations vere started. The PCDD/PCDF air samples vere collected using the high volume sampler developed by the Nev York State Department of Health which uses silica gel as an adsorbent for these contaminants, and which collects a sample of approximately 75 cubic meters. PCB samples vere collected at the same times and locations using a modified high volume air sampler that used urethane foam as the adsorbant material and collects a sample of approximately 500 cubic meters of air. The First Test air samples vere collected over a period from September 14 to 17, 1984. Duplicate PCDD/PCDF samples were collected on the roof of the county building. The PCDD/PCDF samplers vere extracted by the NYSDOH laboratory, which sent an aliquot of the combined extracts from the County Building sample to Prof. Rappe at the University of Umea (Sweden) for confirmatory analysis. Analysis of the samples by NYSDQH for PCDFs and PCDDs did not detect any of these chemicals [61. Hovever, poor recovery of the internal standard from the samples collected at the City Building and the YMCA resulted in higher than expected limits of detection. Prof. Rappe reported the possible presence of 2,3,7,8-TCDF in the aliquot of extract from the County Building samplers, but at a level near his detection limit and belov the detection limit achieved by NYSDOH. Since the results obtained by Prof. Rappe vere not corrected for the recovery of the internal standard, no accurate estimates could be made of the levels of these contaminants that might have been present in the air. Because of the problems vith the analysis of the ambient PCDD/PCDF air samples from the First Test, it was decided to repeat this ambient sampling before normal HVAC operations vere resumed. This change to the planned test sequence was documented in the Test Plan Modification dated February 14, 1985 C83. This Test Plan Modification also reflected the decision of the Nev York State Department of Health Laboratories to analyze the air samples only for tetra and penta CDFs in an attempt to achieve the detection limit at which Prof. Rappe reported the possible presence of 2,3,7,8-TCDF in the ambient air sample from the First Test. In accordance vith this Test Plan Modification, duplicate PCDD/PCDF air samples and PCB samples vere collected on the roofs of the City Building, the County Building, and the YMCA on February 15 - 18, 1985. Duplicate PCDD/PCDF air samples and PCB samples vere again collected on February 22 - 25, starting vhen the HVAC units on floors 6 and 14 vere returned to normal operating conditions, releasing untreated air from louvers on these floors. The results of the analysis of the ambient air samples for PCBs vere reported in a Test Report dated May 17, 1985 [121. The quantities of PCB1254 (the type of PCB released in the BSOB) found in the ambient air at the three tested locations vere as summarized in Table 1. �TABLE 1 PCBa in Ambient Air (micrograms per cubic meter) Before and After Normal HVAC Operations Started in the BSOB on February 22, 1985. Location September 14-17, 1984 February 15-18,1985 February 22-25,1985 YNCA 003 .0 001 .02 <0.0003 County Bldg. City Bldg. 002 .0 0.002 0.0012 0.0013 000 .09 <O.OQ03 The results of the analysis of the six February ambient,air samples for tetra and penta CDFs vere reported by HYSDOH in their report dated July 17, 1985 Cl71. Ho 2,3,7,8-TCDF vas detected in any of the samples at a maximum detection limit of 0.15 picograms per cubic meter. Ho 2,3,4,7, 8penta CDF or 1,2,3,4,8-penta CDF vas detected at a maximum detection limit of 0.5 picograms per cubic meter. Prof. Rappe verbally reported that his laboratory did not identify the presence of toxic contaminants at a detection limit of one picogram per cubic meter C163. The analysis of samples of ambient air taken before normal HVAC operations vere started and immediately after the HVAC systems on floors 6 and 14 vere returned to normal operating conditions indicates that the release of untreated air from the- Binghamton State Office Building did not result in measurable or significant contamination of the air around the BSOB. 3.0 AIR QUALITY IH FLOORS 2 THROUGH 18 In accordance vith recommendations from the Expert Advisory Panel on the Binghamton State Office Building, release of untreated air from the BSOB vould be advisable only after the quality of the air in the building vas demonstrated to sufficiently clean that it vould be safe for reconstruction vorkers to breath the air in the building. It vas the consensus of the Panel that a dioxin equivalent level of not more than 14 picograms per cubic meter in the air in the building vould be required before entry vithout respirators vould be advisable, assuming that precautions continued to be taken to prevent skin contamination. The Test Plan specified that air samples vould be collected for PCBs and PCDDs/PCDFs in the building during the First Test to determine vhether the air vas sufficiently clean that vorkers could enter the building vithout respirators. PCDD/PCDF and PCB air samples vere collected in the return air plenums of the mechanical rooms on floors 6 and 14. The air entering these plenums returns from all of the areas served by each of the HVAC systems, and so measurements taken at these locations are a good �indication of the average air vithin each HVAC zone. The PCOD/PCDF air samples vere collected over a period of 64 hours. Three PCB samples vere collected at each location during this period, each PCB sample being collected over a period of about 21 hours. In addition, PCB air samples vere taken adjacent to the barriers between floors 1 and 2 to check on the adequacy of the partitions in preventing a spread of contamination from the lover to the upper portions of the building. The results of the analysis of PCB air samples vere summarized in the Versar report dated January 25, 1985 [71. The maximum_PCB concentration in the air in the dead air spaces in the elevator shaft and stairwell betveen floors 1 and 2 on clean side of the partition vas 1 microgram per cubic meter. The PCB levels in the air passing through the HVAC units on floors 6 and 14 ranged from 0.2 to 0.9 micrograms per cubic meter (average » 0.32 on floor 6 and 0.7 on floor 14). The results of the analysis of the PCDD/PCDF air samples by NYSDOH and Prof. Rappe vere summarized in an undated NYSDOH report CS1. The report calculated the average dioxin equivalent air quality based on measured tetra, penta, and hexa CDFs and 2, 3,6,7-TCBP to be 8.5 picograms per cubic meter, and concluded that the average air quality vould be belov 11 picograms per cubic meter even if all of the non-detected dioxins and penta-CBPs vere present at the detection limits achieved in these tests. Based on these results, the Office of General Services submitted to the Nev York State Department of Environmental Conservation a formal Hotice of Determination of Non-significance for the planned resumption of normal operations of the HVAC systems, vith the resultant release of untreated air from the BSOB [93. This action vas taken on February 22, 1985. The Test Plan for the Third Test sampling to determine the quality of the air in the BSOB after the resumption of normal HVAC operations vas modified on March 29, 1985, to add 63 PCB air samples from throughout the building to check on the relative homogeneity of the air vhile PCB and PCDD/PCDF air samples vere being collected -in the return air plenums of the HVAC mechanical rooms on floors 6 and 14 C101. These air samples vere collected over the period March 29 - April 1, 1985. The results of the PCB analysis of these samples is presented in Table 2. The only measurable levels of PCBs at a detection limit of about 0.16 ug/m* vere in the men's restrooms. After the building is renovated, air vill be constantly exhausted from the restrooms by a separate exhaust system in order to control odors. This vill reduce the levels of PCBs in the air. The results of the analysis of these samples for CDFs vas reported by NYSDQH in their report dated July 17, 1985 C43. The samples from the HVAC air return plenums contained measurable amounts of 2,3,7,8-TCDF and 2,3,7,8,X-Penta CDFs, but no hexa CDFs, PCDDs, or PCBPs. The NYSDOH calculated the dioxin equivalent concentration in the air in the building five veeks after normal HVAC operations vere started to be <4.1 picograms per cubic meter vs <11 picograms per cubic meter in November, 1984. �TABLE 2 PCB ANALYSIS OF AIR SAMPLES COLLECTED IN THE BSOB MARCH 29 - APRIL 1, 1985 Floor 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Location Elevator Lobby NE Floor 2 fl NE Floor 2 #2 NE Floor 2 #3 West stairwell West elevator shaft East elevator shaft Men's room ' East stairwell PCBs ug/mj. NO ND ND ND HD ND 0.34 ND ND 3 3 3 Elevator lobby Women's room Northeast corner ND ND ND 4 4 4 Elevator lobby Men's room Northeast corner ND 0.43 ND 5 5 5 Elevator lobby Women's room Northeast corner ND ND ND 6 6 Elevator lobby Men's room 6 Northeast corner ND 0.31 ND 7 7 7 Elevator lobby Women's room Northeast corner ND ND ND 8 8 8 Elevator lobby Hen's room Northeast corner ND ND ND 9 9 9 Elevator lobby Women's room Northeast corner ND ND ND 10 10 10 10 10 Elevator lobby Men's room East Stairwell West Stairwell Northeast corner ND ND HD ND ND �11 11 11 Elevator lobby Women's roan Northeast corner NO NO HD 12 12 12 Elevator lobby Hen's roo» Northeast corner NO HD NO 13 13 13 Elevator lobby Women's room Northeast corner ND ND ND 14 14 14 Elevator lobby Hen's room Northeast corner ND 0.37 ND 15 15 15 Elevator lobby Women's room Northeast corner ND ND ND 16 16 16 Elevator lobby Hen's room Northeast corner ND ND ND 17 17 17 Elevator lobby Women's room Northeast corner ND ND ND 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 Elevator lobby Hen's room East atairvell West stairwell Northeast corner tl Northeast corner #2 Northeast corner #3 ND 0.37 ND ND ND ND ND 14 14 14 HVAC HVAC HVAC #A-8 fA-9 fA-10 ND ND ND 6 6 6 6 6 6 HVAC HVAC HVAC HVAC HVAC HVAC fA-1 #A-2 fA-3 *A-4 fA-5 *A-6 ND ND ND ND HD HD . i | . ND: None detected at detection limit of 0.2 ug/tube, approximately 0.16 ug/m*. 8 �4.0 CLEANLINESS OF SURFACES ON FLOORS 2 THROUGH IS First Teat The first teat collected 48 vipe samples that vere analyzed for PCBs In order to identify those surfaces that might have the highest levels of residual PCDDs and PCDFs. Wipe samples vere also collected from Id of the locations for analysis for PCDDs and PCDFs by Battelle. The purpose of these samples vas to establish the ratio of PCBs to total •dioxin equivalent' toxicity so as to determine vhether PCB levels could be used to identify locations having elevated levels of PCDDs and PCDFs. Tvo duplicate vipe samples vere also analyzed for tetra through hexa CDFs by the NYSDOH laboratory. the results of'all of these analyses vere reported in a formal test report 171. The average value of all 48 vipe samples vas 16.6 ug/m*. Wipe samples have been collected by HIOSH from a number of buildings vhich have not had knovn sources of PCBs, and the levels that have been found have usually averaged about 10 ug/m* vith occasional samples as high as 50 ug/m* not being unusual til. Only three vipe samples from the BSQB vere found to have levels above SO ug/m*. These samples vere collected from the top of a ceiling light fixture in the 17th floor elevator lobby vhere the plaster ceiling made access difficult (100 ug/m*), a stair tread in the east stairvell betveen floors 17 and 18 (120 ug/m* >, and a sample from the floor in the 17th floor elevator lobby (150 ug/m*). Since it vas reasonable that these elevated levels vere an indication of possible quality control problems vith the cleaning of the ceiling light fixtures and stair treads, all of the light fixtures in the core area of floors 2 through 18 vere subsequently recleaned, and the stair treads in both stairvells vere also recleaned. The floor sample from the 17th floor elevator lobby vas from a deposit of mastic that remained on floors throughout the building after the vinyl tile vas removed. This tile vill be replaced before the building is occupied, and the mastic vill therefore not be accessible to skin contact. A test application of nev tile has been installed in the building, and is being tested periodically to determine vhether the measured PCB levels increase vith time due to PCBs penetrating through the tile. An analysis of the eighteen samples for PCDDs and PCDFs by Battelle found that the levels of PCDDs vere generally lov to undetected, vith all 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels at or belov one nanogram per square meter. The calculated contamination levels for the 18 PCDD/PCDF vipe samples in terms of "dioxin equivalents' ranged from .01 to 81.7 ng/m*, the highest levels being found in the samples collected from the ceiling lighting fixtures in the core (81.7 ng/m*), and from the stair treads betveen floors 17 and 18 (31 ng/m*) and betveen floors 7 and 3 (30.1 ng/m*). The only other significant level vas found in the sample taken from the coated surface of the men's room exhaust chase on floor 17 (16.6 ng/m*) [41. The surface of this chase vas subsequently painted vith epoxy paint. The tetra and penta CDFs contributed 95X to 98% of the calculated dioxin equivalent levels. �A linear regression analysis of the log transformed PCB and dioxin equivalent data found a correlation coefficient of 0.77. If this relationship were used to predict the expected dioxin equivalent levels from the measured PCB levels, the predicted dioxin equivalent levels vould be within an order of magnitude (from 0.1 to lOx) of the measured levels 92% of the time [53. Third Test Based on information obtained from the First Test samples and suggestions made by members of the Expert Advisory Panel following a review of these results, certain changes vere made to the test plan for the Third Test as documented in the Test Plan Modification - Third Test dated March 29, 1985 C101. These changes specified that the vipe sampling vas to be conducted in tvo phases: the first phase vas to collect 35 wipe samples from types of surfaces found to have high levels of PCBs during the First Test that were subsequently recleaned and from surfaces not previously tested such as the stone floor and walls in the second floor plaza lobby. Aliquots of the extract from eleven of the samples were also to be analyzed by Battelle for PCBs as a check on the analytical methodology. Following analysis of the 85 samples for PCBs, the 10 locations found to have the highest PCB levels were to be wipe sampled to determine the levels of ! PCDFa. The 85 PCB wipe samples specified in the amended test plan and the eleven samples for duplicate analyses were collected on March 29, along with 5 additional samples from areas selected by Mat Gillen who observing the sampling on behalf of the Public Employees Federation. The results of the PCB analysis of all 101 wipe samples were included in the Test Plan Amendment dated May 28 which covered the collection of wipe samples for PCDF analysis C13, attachment A]. The average PCB level of these 101 samples was 7.8 micrograms per square meter. The results of the duplicate analysis of 11 samples by both Versar and Battelle were not significantly different (correlation coefficient = 0.997) CIS]. Only two PCB wipe samples were above 50 ug/m*: stair tread from west stairwell on floor 2, 110 ug/m* as measured by Versar, 106 as measured by Battelle; stone floor from floor 2 plaza lobby, 62 ug/m* measured by Versar, 74 ug/m* measured by Battelle. However, eight of the 10 highest measurements were from stair treads and landings in the stairwells. In order to provide additional assurance as to the cleanliness of the building, 06S had the stairwell treads and landings and the stone floor on floor 2 recleaned, and had the stair treads painted with epoxy paint. (The stair landings, like most of the floors in the building, will be eventually covered by new vinyl tile.) These surfaces were retested for PCBs as specified in the Test Plan Modification dated May 3, 1985 [111. Thirteen wipe samples were collected from landings and stair treads on May 5, and the results from this retest were also included in the May 28 Test Plan 10 �Amendment C13, attachment Bl. 4 ug/m*. None of these samples shoved PCS levels above Based on the results of the March 29 sampling and the Hay 3 resampling of recleaned stairways, it was possible to select surfaces for PCDF sampling which met the criteria of representing the 10 highest PCB levels without having all of the samples being taken in the stairwells. The wipe sampling for PCDFs was defined in the Hay 28 Test Plan Amendment C13], which included 11 locations selected by OGS and an additional 6 locations suggested by Dr. Terry Killer. All samples were to be analyzed by Battelle, for tetra and total penta dibenzofurans, and aliquots of the extract from two wipe samples were to be sent to the Mew York State Department of Health Laboratory for confirmatory analysis. PCB wipe samples from the same locations were analyzed for PCBs by Versar. These samples were collected on Hay 28, and the results of the Battelle analyses were summarized in the Battelle Final Report dated July 19, 1985 [ 8 . 1] The PCDF results, the PCB measurements, and the calculated dioxin equivalent contamination levels based on the levels of 2,3,7, S-TCDF and total penta-CDFs are summarized in Table 3. The highest dioxin equivalent levels were found on the top of ceiling light fixtures from floors 12 and 16 (12.6 and 14 ng/m*), from the concrete floor in the elevator lobby on floor 7 (12.5 ng/m*), and from the stone floor on floor 2 (13.8 and 12.8 ng/m*). The First Test wipe samples, which were analyzed for tetra through hexa CDDs and CDFs, showed that 95X to 98X of the dioxin equivalent level was the result of the presence of tetra and penta CDFs. Assuming that PCBPs might contribute an additional 10% to the toxicity, the contaminant levels calculated from the Test Three data may underestimate the total surface contamination by up to 15%, so the maximum contaminant level might actually be 16.4 ng/m* rather than 14 ng/m*. The two samples that were also analyzed by the Hew York State Department of Health Laboratories were from the stone floor in the floor 2 lobby and from the vinyl wall in the elevator lobby on floor 12. The comparable analytical data from the two laboratories are summarized in Table 4. A linear regression analysis of the log transformed PCB and dioxin equivalent data is shown in Figure 2. The NYSDOH analysis was performed using low resolution mass spectrometry, but did quantify the specific isomers of penta-CDFs that were chlorinated at the 2, 3, 7, and 8 positions. Both laboratories found about the same levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDF. Although HYSDQH found higher levels of total penta CDFs in both samples, the percentage of the penta-CDFa that was chlorinated at the 2, 3, 7, and 8 positions was significantly lower that* the assumed SOX used to calculate the dioxin equivalents from the Battelle data, so the final calculated dioxin equivalent levels were essentially identical for the two laboratories. 11 \ �TflBLE 3 RNflLYTICflL RESULTS FOR PCBS RNO OIOXIN EQUIVALENTS FOR WIPE SAMPLES COLLECTED MAY 29, 1985 IN THE BSOB ng/«2 SAMPLE 2378 ,,,TCDF 2791 29 74 2795 29 76 29 77 20 60 2801 20 82 2810 29/ 723 29/0 723 29/ 789 20 86 20 84 2803 20 88 20 89 20 85 2807 2813 2811 TOTAL PENTACOFs 37 .0 77 .0 13.00 12.00 - 18.70 44 .0 1.70 1.20 03 .0 15.50 11.90 1.00 09 .0 2.50 00 .0 24 .0 07 .0 28 .0 1.10 06 .0 04 .0 11.90 2.0 23 5.0 78 51.70 * 3ft 7 38 .0 4.10 26 .0 00 .0 51.50 5.0 30 1.50 1.00 00 .0 1.40 2.30 00 .0 00 .0 1.90 00 .0 00 .0 ug/oi2 OIOXIN EQUIV 3.22 62 .8 13.97 12.62 12*45__ 2.10 1.25 08 .3 0.10 13.75 12.80 05 .8 04 .7 08 .3 0.23 1.18 02 .3 09 .3 06 .8 02 .0 0.13 PCBs 23 4 5 5 31 16 8 <0.5 <0.5 26 6 2 2 2 4 2 2 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 STAIR TREAD, FLOOR 2; WEST STAIR WELL STAIR NOSING, FLOOR 18 CEILING LIGHT, FLOOR 16 NE CEILING LIGHT, FLOOR 10 CORE CONCRETE FLOOR, FLOOR 7 CORE INSIDE OF MEN'S ROOM DOOR, FLOOR 3 VINYL WALL, FLOOR 9 CORE INSIDE WOMEN'S ROOM DOOR, FLOOR 15 FIELD BLANK STONE FLOOR, FLOOR 2 CORE DUPLICATE ANALYSIS 2792/3 VINYL WALL, FLOOR 16 CORE STAIRWAY LANDING, FLOOR 12 WEST STAIRWELL STAIR TREAD, FLOOR 14 EAST STAIRWELL COLUMN ENCLOSURE, FLOOR 6 NE PERIMETER STAIRWAY LANDING, FLOOR 8 EAST STAIRWELL STAIRWAY LANDING, FLOOR 5 WEST STAIRWELL STAIR TREAD, FLOOR 13 EAST STAIRWELL STAIR TREAD, FLOOR 11 WEST STAIRWELL LABORATORY BLANK FIELD BLANK �TABLE 4 Comparison of Battelle and NYSDQH analysis of PCDF wipe samples Isomer or Class Vinvl Wall Sample 2,3,7,8-TCDF Total TCDFs 1,2,3,7,8-Penta CDF Total Penta CDFs Stone Floor Sample 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDF Total TCDFa 1,2,3,7,8-Penta CDF Total Penta CDFs 5. HYSDOH Battelle ,\fof 0.9 5.7 0.38 1.3 17. 9. 8 18.8 9. 5 ng/m« ng/m* ng/m* ng/m* ng/ra* ng/m* ng/ra* ng/m* 1.0 8.0 0.39 1.5 ng/m* ng/m* ng/m* ng/m* A//5 15.5 ng/m* 63. ng/m* 16.3 ng/m* ng/m* 52. CONCLUSIONS The release of untreated air from the Binghamton State Office Building when the HVAC units on floors 6 and 14 were returned to normal operating conditions did not cause any measurable contamination of the ambient air around the building. The initial contamination level of the air being vented from the building was <11 picograms dioxin equivalents per cubic meter. The air in floors 2 through 18 of the BSOB on April 1 (five weeks after the HVAC units started normal operations) contained <4.1 picograms dioxin equivalents per cubic meter. The air in floors two through 18 did not contain measurable levels of PC8s at a detection limit of about 0.16 ug/mj, except in one elevator shaft and in the men's restrooms where the levels of PCBs were up to 0.43 ug/m*. Surfaces in the BSOB in late Hay generally had contamination levels of less than one nanogram dioxin equivalents per square meter except for the tops of ceiling lighting fixtures, the concrete floor on floor 7, and the stone floor on the floor 2 plaza entry. The maximum levels of dioxin equivalent contamination calculated from measurements of 2,3,7,8-TCDF and total penta-CDFs did not exceed 14 nanograms per square meter on any of the samples. Adjusting for the possible presence and contribution of PCDDs, hexa-CDFs, and PCBPs, the total dioxin equivalent contaminant level of the highest sample might have been as high as 16.4 nanograms per square meter. 13 �FIGURE 2 RATIO EVALUATION BSOB WIPES or w o »-» n CJ 3 1.2 1.1 1 0.0 O.B 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.40.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 - D -0.2 - D -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.7 I I -0.7 -0.5 only furan analysis performed P a a D D D D D T i i r i i i i i i i i i i T i f \ i -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.0 1.1 1.3 1.5 D LOG PCB MAY 20,1085 �REFERENCES Cll Korainaky, J.R.; J.M. Melius; J.PFlesch. (MIQSH Cincinnati). Assessing PCB Contamination from Electrical Equipment Failures. Paper presented at the American Industrial Hygiene Conference, Philadelphia, Pa. Hay 22-27, 1983. C2J Test Plan: Measurement of Residual Contaminants in the Air and on Surfaces in Floors 2 through Id of the Binghamton State Office Building Following Completion of the Preliminary Cleanup and Measurement of the Effect of Normal HVAC Operations on the Concentration of Contaminants in the Air Within and Adjacent to the Binghamton State Office Building. September 5, 1984. C31 DeRoos, Fred. L. (Battelle Columbus Laboratories). Untitled letter report dated October 26, 1984 to Or. Richard Ronan, Versar Inc. t (Included in C2] as Appendix E) C41 Westin, R.A. (Versar Nev York Inc.) Versar and Battelle Analytical Results from First Test, September 5 Test Plan. Letter to H. Stevens dated November 20, 1 8 . 94 C5] Westin, R.A. (Versar Nev York Inc.) Toxic ratio PCBs/TCDD equivalents in vipe samples from First Test. Letter to H. Stevens dated November 28, 1984. ' C6] Aldous, K.; D. Bilker; P. O'Keefe; R. Smith; 6. Eadon. Chemical Data on Air and Wipe Samples Collected from the Binghamton State Office Building - September 1984. Nev York State Department of Health. Undated. (Included in £23 as Appendix D) C7] Test Report: Summary of Results of the First Test To Determine Residual Contaminants in the Air and on Surfaces in Floors 2 through 18 of the Binghamton State Office Building. Versar Nev York Inc. January 25, 1985. C81 Test Plan - Modification. Second Test: Measurement of the Effect of Normal HVAC Operations on the Concentration of Contaminants in the Air Within and Adjacent to the Binghamton State Office Building. Versar Nev York. February 14, 1985. [9] Egon, J. (Nev York State Office of General Services.) SEQR Negative Declaration: Notice of Determination of Non-Significance: Return to Normal HVAC Operation of Floors 2 to 18 of the Binghamton State Office Building (BSOB). February 20, 1985. CIO] Test Plan - Modification. Third Test: Measurement of the Levels of Toxic Chemicals Remaining in the Air and on Surfaces in the Binghamton State Office Building Following Resumption of Normal HVAC Operations. Versar Nev York Inc. March 29, 1985. �[Ill Test Plan - Modification, Third Test Addendum: Measurement of the Levels of Toxic Chemicals Remaining on Surfaces in the Stairwells in the Binghamton State Office Building. Versar Nev York Inc. May 3, 1965. [12] Test Report - Summary of Results of the Second Test to Determine Ambient Air Concentrations Prior to Venting and During Venting Around Binghamton State Office Building - PCB Measurements. Versar Nev York Inc. May 17, 1985. [13] Test Plan - Amendment to Modification of Third Test Dated March 29, 1985: Measurement of the Levels of Toxic Chemicals Remaining in the Air and on Surfaces in the Binghamton State Office Building Following Resumption of Normal HVAC Operations, Versar New York Inc. May 28, 1985. ' ' * C141 Sampling Report. Amendment to Third Test of the Cleanliness of Floors 2 - 18 of the BSOB: May 28, 1985. Versar New York Inc. June 11, 1985. [153 Hestin, R.A. (Versar Nev York Inc.) PCB results from analyses of split extracts by Battelle and Versar. Letter to H. Stevens dated June 18, 1985. [16] Eadon, G. (Nev York State Department of Health.) Split Sampling Results - BSOB Outdoor Air. Memo dated July 11, 1985. [17] Smith, R.; P. O'Keefe; X. Aldous; D. Milker; G. Eadon. (Nev York State Department of Health.) Chemical Data on Air Samples Collected in and Near the Binghamton State Office Building (February, March 1985) Before and After the HVAC is Returned to Normal. July 17, 1985. [18] DeRoos, F.L.; S.C. Watson. (Battelle Columbus Laboratories.) Final Report on Measurement of Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran Levels in Surface Wipes from the Binghamton State Office Building. July 19, 1985. 16 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 089 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2270 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Corporate Author: Versar New York, Inc., Springfield, Virginia Title A name given to the resource Typescript: Summary Report: Measurement of Residual Contaminants in the Air and on Surfaces in Floors 2 Through 18 of the Binghamton State Office Building Following Completion of the Preliminary Cleanup and Measurement of the Effect of Normal HVAC Operati Subject The topic of the resource BSOB ambient air sampling PCBs building remediation https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/7819ceed1af77fa70b864ca89c8fcf4e.pdf 8a8312300ae1eddbee7abcef3a13ea14 PDF Text Text Item D Number 02268 Author Young, Alvin L. Corporate Author KOpOPt/ArtlClB TltlO Memorandum: State of New York Expert Panel Meeting, 12-13 August 1985, from Alvin L. Young to Bernadine Healy, August 1,1985 Journal/Book Title Year Month/Day Color D Number of Images 1 DBSGrlptOn NOtOB Young requests approval to participate in meeting. Attachment missing. Thursday, September 20, 2001 Page 2268 of 2293 �EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20506 August 1, 1985 MEMORANDUM FOR BERNADINE HEALY FROM: AL SUBJECT: State of New York Expert Panel Meeting 12-13 August 1985 As discussed with you on 31 July, I have received a letter (attached) from the Department of Health, State of New York, announcing a meeting for August 12-13 of the Expert Panel for the Binghamton State Office Building PCB/Dioxin Episode. In February 1981, a large electrical transformer fire occurred in the 18-story State Office Building in Binghamton, New York. The intense fire released large quantities of PCBs, dibenzofurans, and dioxins. The State of New York formed an Expert Panel to assist in developing recommendations and in monitoring the clean-up program. I have served on the Panel since its first meeting in April 1981. The meting in Binghamton on August 12-13 should conclude the program. The State of New York will cover all expenses. I solicit your approval for my participation. Proposed Schedule Depart Washington National, August 12, 9:05 a.m. Return Washington National, August 13, 5:30 p.m. Accomodation for August 13 Best West Hotel DeVille Binghamton, New York Approve 607-722-7272 Disapprove � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 089 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2268 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Young, Alvin L. Title A name given to the resource Memorandum: State of New York Expert Panel Meeting, 12-13 August 1985, from Alvin L. Young to Bernadine Healy, August 1, 1985 Subject The topic of the resource BSOB PCBs cleanup standards building remediation Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 089 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2267 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ronan, Richard J. Title A name given to the resource Letter: from Richard J. Ronan to Harry Stevens, July 26, 1985 Subject The topic of the resource BSOB PCBs cleanup standards building remediation Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 089 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2256 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Huffaker, Robert H. Title A name given to the resource Memorandum: BSOB Test Results, from Robert H. Huffaker to Distribution, January 28, 1985 Subject The topic of the resource ambient air sampling industrial hygiene building remediation Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 089 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2252 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memorandum: from Dr. Robert Huffaker to BSOB Panel Members and Distribution to Interested Parties, September 7, 1984, with subject line BSOB Test Plan - September 5, 1984. Subject The topic of the resource BSOB ambient air sampling study protocol building remediation Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 089 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2251 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Huffaker, Robert H. Title A name given to the resource Letter to Harry Stevens from Robert H. Huffaker, September 5, 1984 Subject The topic of the resource BSOB building remediation clean-up standards risk assessment