1 15 17 https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/a805432627673c28e070d4ebbb50e78d.pdf 32f7d8d61eeaaf541902521464a3a73c PDF Text Text Item D Number 02233 Author Gierthy, John F. New York State Department of Health, Center for Labor Report/Article fitto Typescript: Progress Report: Evaluation of In Vitro Assays for the Detection of "Dioxin-Like" Activity in the Binghamton State Office Building, May, 1983 Journal/Book Title Year 1983 Month/Day Ma 23 Color Number of Images v D 9 Descrlpton Notes Thursday, September 20, 2001 Page 2233 of 2293 �Progress Report: Evaluation of In Vitro Assays for the Detection of "Dioxin-Like" Activity in the Binghamton State Office Building by John F. Gierthy and Gerald D. Frenkel New York State Department of Health Center for Laboratories and Research May, 1983 RECEIVED MAY 2 3 1983 DIRECTOR PUBLIC HEALTH �Progress Report: Evaluation of In Vitro Assays for the Detection of "Dioxin-Like" Activity.in the Binghamton State Office Building. Gierthy, J.F. and Frenkel, G.D. (May, 1983) Previous reports have described the development and application of two in vitro systems for the detection of "dioxin-like" activity in extracts of soot contaminated with polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans. The cell keratinization system, based on the induction of keratinization in epithelial cells by exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and the flat cell assay, based on a 2,3,7,8-TCDD induced change in cellular morphology have both been shown to be potentially useful in the detection of dioxin-like activity in extracts of soot from the Binghamton State Office Building (BSOB). Further verification of the specificity of the flat cell induction to 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure has been carried out. Various polychlorinated dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and pesticides have been tested for their ability to induce the flat cell morphology. Results show that 2,3,7,8-TCDD is the most potent inducer of this morphological change, while the other PCDD and PCDFs have activity ranging from 10 to 10 of this isomer. The PCBsi,PAHs and pesticides had lower activity ranging from 10 to less than 10 that of 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Where comparison was possible, a good correlation was seen between the published relative activity of compounds in the keratinization system and their activity in the flat cell assay. These results suggest that the sensitivity and specificity of the flat cell assay is similar to that of the keratinization system. Previously, benzene extracts of cotton gauze swipes from the BSOB were found to contain a substance which precipitated during solvent exchange to DMSO and resulted in a loss of activity in the bioassays. This substance has now been found to be associated with the cotton gauze swipe pads. Results show that pre-extraction of the gauze pads with benzene allows full recovery of activity. �1 Hyperkeratinization is considered to be responsible for the occurrence of chloracne in humans exposed to polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans (Poland et al_., 1982). This effect is thought to be caused by an induced differentiation of the squamous epithelium. In this regard, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) is considered to produce a sustained stimulation of a normal physiological response which leads to chloracne (Poland e_t aK, 1982). Knutson and Poland have used the in vitro XB/3T3 cell keratinization system (Rheinwald £t ai., 1975) to study this effect of chlorinated dioxin isomers and congeners (Knutson et al., 1980). In previous reports (Gierthy e£ al., 1982a,b) we have demonstrated the use of this system as an assay for the detection of these compounds in Binghamton State Office Building (BSOB) soot extracts. During these experiments, the appearance of an altered cell morphology was observed in those cells which had been exposed to 2,3,7,8-TCDD or the soot extracts (Gierthy £t al., 1982a,b). This change was first seen after 7 days of exposure to the samples and was characterized by a flat cell morphology as compared to the more fusiform cells in the unexposed —11 cultures or those exposed to less than 10 M 2,3,7,8-TCDD. An apparent cessation in cell growth was also seen in these cells, while the unexposed cells continued to proliferate, resulting in more dense cultures. The minimal concentration of each soot sample extract capable of inducing the flat cell response was recorded as a measure of relative activity. The correlation between the concentration required for induction of the keratinization response and the flat cell morphology (Gierthy et_ al., 1982a) indicated that it may be possible to use the flat cell morphological change in these cells as an alternative and improved endpoint in the assay for dioxin-like activity. �The reproducibility of the assay as well as its ability to differentiate between various concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD has been shown to be comparable to that of the cell keratinization system (Gierthy et al., 1982b). Other cell lines, including fibroblasts and transformed epithelial cells, were tested for their ability to respond to 2,3,7,8-TCDD with a change in morphology, but no flat cell effect was observed. Various inhibi- tors of macromolecular synthesis and mitosis were examined for their ability to induce flat cell morphological change. As in the keratinization system (Knutson et al^., 1980), all were found to be inactive over a broad range of concentrations (Gierthy et^ a_^., 1982b), indicating that the effect is not associated with general toxicity but may be a specific effect, analogous to, and perhaps related to, keratinization. This possi- bility was supported by the finding that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,7,8-TCDF) also induced the flat cell effect (Gierthy et al., 1982b), but had approximately one tenth the potency as 2,3,7,8-TCDD, which is the relative potency which has been reported for these two compounds in the induction of keratinization (Knutson et_ al_., 1980). This report describes further experiments which have been performed to establish the validity of the flat cell system as an assay for dioxin-like activity, as well as preliminary studies regarding the application of the in vitro assays to the detection of dioxin-like activity in surface swipe samples taken from the BSOB. Results and Discussion Further Validation of the Flat Cell Assay including polychlorinated dibenzo(p)dioxins Studies on 24 chemicals, (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and pesticides have indicated at least a 63 million �fold range in the potential of these compounds for inducing the flat cell effect (Table 1). These data show that the flat cell effect, like the keratinization reponse, is by far, most sensitive to the more toxic PCDDs and PCDFs with 2,3,7,8-TCDD being the most potent. Specifically, 1,2,4,7,8-penta-CDD, which lacks chlorination in one of the lateral positions of one of the benzene rings shows 100 fold less activity than 2,3,7,8-TCDD. 2,3,7,8-TCDF was shown to be the most potent PCDF tested and, as in the keratinization system (Knutson et^ al., 1980), had a flat cell inducing activity an order of magnitude lower than 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Other PCDFs tested gave a range of activity, with the hexa-CDF being more potent than the octa- or di-CDFs. The range of activity observed for the PCDDs and PCDFs tested, relative to 2,3,7,8-TCDD was about 1,000 fold. This is contrasted by the activity of the various PCBs tested. Here the flat cell inducing activity was 10 -10 2,3,7,8-TCDD. times less potent than Similar relative activity was reported in the keratinization system for another halogenated biphenyl, 2,3,4,2',3',4'-hexabromobiphenyl (Knutson e£ al., 1980). The polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons varied in activity in relation to 2,3,7,8-TCDD. benz[ajanthracene were about 10 2,3,7,8-TCDD respectively. 3 Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and 4 and 10 times less potent than This correlates well with the reported activities of these compounds in the cell keratinization system (Knutson et^ al^., 1980). 3-Methylcholanthrene and benzo(a)pyrene were both toxic at concentrations which were insufficient to induce a significant flat cell effect. These compounds were found to be inactive as inducers of keratinization in the XB/3T3 system (Knutson £t £1^., 1980). The pesticides were all inactive in inducing the flat cell response at the concentrations tested with the exception of Mirex which had the highest �potency of this group (10 times less active than 2,3,7,8-TCDD). These data indicate that the specificity of the flat-cell assay appears similar to that of the cell keratinization system. Application to BSOB Samples Versar New York Inc. (Springfield, Va.) has supplied twenty-nine benzene extracts of soot samples from the BSOB for preliminary testing of the bioassays. These included benzene extracts of cotton gauze swipes of BSOB surfaces, matrix blanks and reagent blanks. Upon solvent exchange into DMSO, a precipitate was formed in all of these samples except the reagent blank and therefore seemed to be associated with the gauze pad extracts. Furthermore when the matrix blanks and reagent blanks were spiked with 2,3,7,8-TCDD prior to solvent exchange, the activity of spiked matrix blank samples was significantly lower than that of spiked reagent blanks. The presence of a waxy precipitate was confirmed by similar solvent exchange performed by Versar on the cotton gauze swipes (Sonchik, 1982). Versar also noted that a PCS spike (Aroclor 1254, 1 ug/pad) partitioned into the precipitate, thus reducing the concentration found in the DMSO. Versar subsequently supplied benzene extracts of gauze pads which had been pre-extracted with benzene. When these samples were solvent exchanged as before no precipitate was observed in three samples and only a very slight precipitate in one of the samples. Furthermore when these samples were spiked with 2,3,7,8-TCDD prior to solvent exchange, full bioassay activity was recovered. No bioassay activity was found when unspiked samples were tested. From these results, it can be concluded that the precipitate which formed during solvent exchange of the benzene extract of the gauze swipes was a substance which had been extracted from the gauze. This precipitate �prevented full recovery of added 2,3,7,8-TCDD (as well as PCBs (Sonchik, 1982)). Pre-extraction of the cotton gauze pads with benzene effectively removes this substance. It appears that this procedure will allow further studies to be done concerning the feasibility of using the in vitro bioassays to detect dioxin-like activity in the surface swipe samples from the BSOB. �Table 1 Induction of the Flat Cell Effect by Various Chemicals Minimum Detectable Concentration (ppb) 2,3, 7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin 0.003Z -=• ~\ l,2,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin ro.359j> 2,3, 7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran 0.032 2,3,4,6,7, 8-Hexachlorodibenzof uran 0.378 Octachlorodibenzofuran 4.48 2,6-Dichlorodibenzofuran >2.38 3,4,3' ,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl 100 2,4,5,2' ,4' ,5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl 1,000 2,5,2' ,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl >10,000 2,3,4,2' ,4' ,5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl >10,000 2,3,4,2' ,3' ,4'-Hexachlorobiphenyl >10,000 Aroclor 1254 10,000 Dibenzo [a,h ]anthracene 10 Benz [a ]anthracene 100 >iooa >iooa 3-Methylcholanthrene Benzo(a)pyrene 6-Naphthoflavone 1,000 Pyrene >10,000 Mirex 10,000 Dieldrin >10,000 Aldrin >10,000 o.p'DDT >10,000 Lindane >10,000 a -BHC >200,000 a Toxic concentration was 1,000 ppb. �Literature Cited Gierthy, J.F. and G.D. Frenkel (1982a) A Preliminary Report "on the Evaluation of an In Vitro Assay for the Detection of "Dioxin-Like" Activity Using Extracts of Soot from the Bingharaton State Office Building. New York State Department of Health Report. Gierthy, J.F. and G.D. Frenkel (1982b) Progress Report: March, 1982. Evaluation of an In Vitro Assay for the Detection of "Dioxin-Like" Activity in the Binghamton State Office Building. Health Report. New York State Department of October, 1982. Knutson, J.C. and Poland, A. (1980). Keratinization of mouse teratoma cell line XB produced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: an in vitro model of toxicity. Cell 22, 27-36. Poland, A. and Knutson, J. (1982) 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons: Examination of the mechanism of toxicity. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 22, 517-554. Rheinwald, J.G. and Green, H. (1975). Formation of a keratinization epithelium in culture by a cloned cell line derived from a teratoma. Cell 6, 317-330. Sonchik, S. (1982). Analytical Report: Removal of Interferences of Samples for Cell Keratinization Assay. 1982. Versar Report, December 8, � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 088 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2233 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gierthy, John F. Gerald D. Frenkel Description An account of the resource Corporate Author: New York State Department of Health, Center for Laboratories and Research Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 23 1983 Title A name given to the resource Typescript: Progress Report: Evaluation of In Vitro Assays for the Detection of "Dioxin-Like" Activity in the Binghamton State Office Building, May, 1983 Subject The topic of the resource BSOB chemical properties data analysis Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 050 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1307 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hite, Mark Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Laboratory Safety: Theory and Practice Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980 Title A name given to the resource Chapter Two: Classes of Toxic Compounds: Procedures and Principles for Evaluating Toxicity Subject The topic of the resource herbicide toxicity chemical properties human exposure ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 049 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1272 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Laskowski, D. A. Description An account of the resource Corporate Author: Residue/Environmental/Metabolism Research, Agricultural Products Department, Dow Chemical, USA, Midland, Michigan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 30 1976 Title A name given to the resource A Benchmark Approach to Interpretation of Environmental Data Using Nitrapyrin as an Example Subject The topic of the resource chemical properties ecological fate ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 049 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1260 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hammond, Allen L. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Science Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 14 1972 Title A name given to the resource Chemical Pollution: Polychlorinated Biphenyls Subject The topic of the resource PCBs chemical properties DDT ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 048 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1233 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tinsley, I. J. R. Haque D. Schmedding Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Science Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 8 1971 Title A name given to the resource Binding of DDT to Lecithin Subject The topic of the resource chemical properties pesticide properties ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 041 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0972 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Poland, Alan Joyce C. Knutson Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Title A name given to the resource 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and Related Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Examination of the Mechanism of Toxicity Subject The topic of the resource chloracne health effects chemical properties ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 041 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0953 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pazderova-Vejlupkova, J. E. Lukas M. Nemcova J. Pickova L. Jirasek Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Pracovni Lekarstvi (Occupational Medicine) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980 Title A name given to the resource Chronic Poisoning by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin Subject The topic of the resource industrial exposure health effects chemical properties ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 041 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0940 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Osselton, M. D. I. C. Shaw H. M. Stevens Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Analyst Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1978-11-01 Title A name given to the resource Enzymatic Digestion of Liver Tissue to Release Barbiturates, Salicylic Acid and Other Acidic Compounds in Cases of Human Poisoning Subject The topic of the resource herbicide poisoning chemical properties human ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 040 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0930 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nilsson, Carl-Axel Ake Norstrom Kurt Andersson Christopher Rappe Description An account of the resource Corporate Author: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) University of West Florida Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Pentachlorophenol : Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Environmental Toxicology Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1978 Title A name given to the resource Impurities in Commercial Products Related to Pentachlorophenol Subject The topic of the resource herbicide properties chemical properties ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 035 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0752 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hileman, F. D. T. Mazer D.E. Kirk Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Human and Environmental Risk of Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1983 Title A name given to the resource Program for Monitoring Potential Contamination in the Laboratory following the Handling and Analyses of Chlorinated Dibenzo - p - dioxins and Dibenzofurans Subject The topic of the resource chemical properties dioxin safety ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 035 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0751 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hess, P. J. Asshauer H. Hollander Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Title A name given to the resource The Possible Formation of Tetrachlorodibenzo - p - dioxines in the Production of Chloranil Subject The topic of the resource TCDD animal testing chemical properties herbicide toxicology ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 035 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0741 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hay, Alastair Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Nature Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 14 1976 Title A name given to the resource Seveso: The Aftermath Subject The topic of the resource Italy decontamination chemical properties ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 033 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0660 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frische, R. G. Esser W. Schonborn W. Klopffer Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Title A name given to the resource Criteria for Assessing the Environmental Behavior of Chemicals: Selection and Preliminary Quantification Subject The topic of the resource chemical properties ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 033 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0634 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Esser, H. O. P. Moser Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Title A name given to the resource An Appraisal of Problems Related to the Measurement and Evaluation of Bioaccumulation Subject The topic of the resource chemical properties ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 029 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0467 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Buser, Hans-Rudolf Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976 Title A name given to the resource Analysis of TCDDs By Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry Using Glass Capillary Columns Subject The topic of the resource chemical properties dioxin ao_seriesIII