2 15 106 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 079 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2029 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 18 1984 Title A name given to the resource Transcript of Proceedings: Royal Commission on the Use and Effects of Chemical Agents on Australian Personnel in Vietnam, 18 June 1984 Subject The topic of the resource Australian Royal Commission Hearings congenital birth defects herbicide toxicology dioxin ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 079 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2028 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 13 1984 Title A name given to the resource Transcript of Proceedings: Royal Commission on the Use and Effects of Chemical Agents on Australian Personnel in Vietnam, 13 June 1984 Subject The topic of the resource Australian Royal Commission Hearings congenital birth defects Seveso industrial exposure ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 078 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2025 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 7 1984 Title A name given to the resource Transcript of Proceedings: Royal Commission on the Use and Effects of Chemical Agents on Australian Personnel in Vietnam, 7 June 1984 Subject The topic of the resource Australian Royal Commission Hearings herbicide toxicology congenital birth defects cancer risk assessment ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 078 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2014 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Donovan, John W. Robert MacLennan Michael Adena Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Medical Journal of Australia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 31 1984 Title A name given to the resource Vietnam Service and the Risk of Congenital Anomalies: A Case-Control Study Subject The topic of the resource congenital birth defects ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 078 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2013 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 2 1984 Title A name given to the resource Transcript of Proceedings: Royal Commission on the Use and Effects of Chemical Agents on Australian Personnel in Vietnam, 2 April 1984 Subject The topic of the resource Australian Royal Commission Hearings Agent Orange controversy popular press congenital birth defects ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 078 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2006 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Constable, John D. Maureen C. Hatch Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The New England Journal of Medicine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 8 1984 Title A name given to the resource Letter to the Editor: Agent Orange and Birth Defects (Continued) Subject The topic of the resource congenital birth defects dioxin human exposure ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 075 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1938 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Australia File, February 28, 1983. Subject The topic of the resource veteran health and hygiene congenital birth defects ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 073 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1925 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Corporate Author: Department of Health, Canberra, Australia Title A name given to the resource Case-Control Study of Congenital Anomalies and Vietnam Service: Summary Protocol, August 1982 Subject The topic of the resource Case-Control Study of Congenital Abnormalities and Vietnam Service study protocol congenital birth defects AVHS ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 072 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1916 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Materials Related to Dr. Alvin Young's Trip to Australia, 21 May - 3 June 1982. Subject The topic of the resource international cooperation popular press congenital birth defects Agent Orange controversy ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 072 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1907 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jessop Description An account of the resource Corporate Author: Commonwealth of Australia, Senate, Standing Committee on Science and the Environment Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 31 1982 Title A name given to the resource Reference: Pesticides Inquiry (Official Hansard Report), Sydney, Wednesday, 31 March 1982. Subject The topic of the resource Australian Parliamentary hearings veteran health and hygiene herbicide toxicology congenital birth defects ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 070 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1893 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Title A name given to the resource Clippings and Press Releases Regarding the Agent Orange Controversy in Australia Subject The topic of the resource congenital birth defects Agent Orange controversy international cooperation Australian veterans compensation ao_seriesIII https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/298a75e552a1a32f29548833a112dbb2.pdf cd614f4003e591867b33d3356a885d60 PDF Text Text Item ID Number 01892 Author Corporate Author Report/Article Title Transcript: Interview given by Dr. William McBride on ABC Radio, January 9, 1980. Journal/Book Title Year Month/Day Color Number of limps DBSCNpton Notes 'tem includes a cover memo from K. A. Watson at Dow Chemical (Australia) Limited, and a routing slip From Alvin Young to Peter Kahn. Wednesday, July 18, 2001 Page 1892 of 1908 �R'OUTING AND TRANSMITTAL SUP Data 11 TO: (Name, office symbol, room number, building. Agency/Post) Initials Date i. -flSHfifiwa?2. Mr Peter Kahn 8. 7 EliEabeth Avenue 4. Bast Brunswick. UJ 08816 B. Action Approval As Requested Circulate Comment Coordination File For Clearance For Correction For Your Information Investigate Justify Note and Return Per Conversation Prepare Reply See Me Signature REMARKS Dear Peters Per our conversation of 5 May a* the Veterans Administration, attached please find a copy of the ABC radio interview on Agent Orange originating from Australia, Although they listed you as "peter Cwnen. Dow Chemical identified it aa> "Peter Kahn% a biaihomistefroni I enjoyed meeting yov. and I look forward to worHng with you in the Sincerely, AL YCOT* DO NOT use this form as a RECORD of approvals, concurrences, disposals, clearances, and similar actions FROM: (Name, org. symbol. Agency /Post) Room No.—Bldg. Phone No. 8041-102 *U.S. QPO. 1«7t-a«1-647/332t OPTIONAL FORM 41 (Rev. 7-76) PmeribMt by GSA FPMR (41 CFR) 101-11.208 �DOW TELEX: AA20442 TELEPHONE: 929-8-133 CABLE: DOW1NTAL-SYDNEY CHEMICAL (AUSTRALIA) LIMITED 3BD FLOOR. M.L.C. BVILWXG. NORTH SYDNEY P.O. BOX 384 NORTH SYDNEY, N.S.W. 2060 January 23, 1980 B.A. SCHEWTZ - 1803 Bldg MIDLAND J.H.'DAVIDSON - 9001 Bldg MIDLAND cc: M.J. BLANKENSHIP - Altona G . R . WEATE - Sydney SUBJECT: DR. W. McBRIDE Attached is a transcript of an interview given by Dr. William McBride on ABC radio. The text gives some idea of M c B r i d e f s thinking on the subject of Agent Orange and TCDD which could be useful when you meet him next month. Regards, K . A WATSON Attach: bs T» 0 - Kfirtf, • ; ^ llL •' L . - A . . j..^- ..( •' .. s. '/ »-• ,'_ _ ' . ^ l -' �ABC CURRENT AFFAIRS PROGRAM CITY EXTRA - JAN 9, 1980 To discuss the medical aspect of the possible harmful effects of Agent Orange I have on the line Dr. William McBride, founder of Foundation 41. The Australian doctor who told the world of the effects of thalidomide and who now devotes his working life to the health of children in the first 41 weeks of their life. C.E. speaks firstly to American biochemist before speaking to Dr. McBride. Dr. Peter Carne, a biochemist from Rutger's University in New Jersey speaks to Margaret McKay and is asked how long has he been involved in evaluating the herbicides used in the Vietnam war; Carne 'During the Vietnam war,, beginning about 1968, perhaps 1969, I•accumulated all the literature that existed up until that time and then I left that area until about a year ago, and when at the request of veterans groups in New Jersey, where I live and work, I was asked to go out and speak to a number of groups because of their fears that the exposure to the defoliants was affecting them. And they wanted to know what was the state of Dow Chemical with medical evidence on it; and at that time I began to review the literature that had come out since 1970. I've worked my way back now through 1975 or so in the literature, and on the basis of that, I went out to various veteran groups to tell them what the state of the report was'. C.E. 'What was some of the worries, or some of the questions of the American veterans'. Carne 'There were two kinds. One is that a considerable number of them have low grade chronic symptoms; nervousness, fatigue, dizziness and inability to concentrate. Sometimes their ill-tempered for reasons that they don't understand and they were not ill-tempered before they went to Vietnam. A great many complain of these and often there will be no two people having exactly the same set of symptoms but they are a form of a related constellation. The other kind of �- 2 - thing is that some of them have fathered deformed children and we're afraid that there may be a connection between that and the exposure to defoliants in Vietnam 1 . C.E. 'Could you tell us exactly what Agent Orange is?1 Carne 'It's an equal mixture of two compounds which are usually designated 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T and they have very long names and you'll find them in organic chemical literature. The problem doesn't arise from the defoliants themselves but from the contaminant, usually called dioxin present in the manufacture, primarily of the 2,4,5-T. The material used in Vietnam had dioxin contamination of rather high levels'. C.E. 'What sort of results have occured in laboratory tests with dioxin1. Carne 'Its terribly, terribly toxic in minute quantities. In fact one of the problems is being able to analyse the material at the * low levels at which toxic effects are found. Of course in a laboratory study where you start with a bottle of dioxin on the shelf, for example, you can make up any concentration you wish and you know the concentration because you diluted the concentrated stock. In the case of animals collected in the rivers or analysing the human tissue; your analysing there in a very different situation, where the material may be toxic at an extremely low level, in fact it is, but its below the level of detection of most analytical instruments. There are only a few laboratories, perhaps half a dozen in the world, that are capable of analysing at the extremely low levels that are necessary. Its very hard to track it down1. C.E. Carne 'It is a very costly venture as well?.1 'Typically vetween $500 and $1,000 a shot for an analysis' C.E. 'If we were going to examine the veterans in the United States and in Australia that would come into a great deal of money?' �- 3 - Game C.E. Carne 'You certainly would not do that type of examination1. 'You couldn't?.' 'No, that would be out of the question'. C.E. 'Could dioxin be detected in veterans who, for example, were in Vietnam ten or eleven years ago?' Carne 'Probably not. I think that the nature of work there would be quite different. I think the analytical question there is so hard that it can't even be attempted. I think what ought to be done with the veterans is a statistical survey. I would call on every veteran who has served in Vietnam, even a significant number who did not serve but were in the military at that time. I would call them in for medical examination and a questionnaire on the medical consequences in their families. And you really have a very large number of men brought in because of the nature of the evidence you would have to seek is statistical advice for nature. And you would have to have at least two groups - those who are known to be exposed to the defoliant by having been in sprayed areas, and those who are known not to have been exposed. And only by comparing two groups of that kind, and large ones at that, could you assemble sufficient statistical evidence to make a case one way or the other'. C.E. 'From your contact with the American veterans, is there enough statistical evidence to link any of the deformities or ill-health with Agent Orange or with any of the herbicides used in Vietnam?' Carne 'Firm statistical evidence, no. There is a great deal of suggestive and circumstantial evidence collected. But you have to understand the nature of scientific proof, its suggestive at the moment and its not conclusive. It certainly makes me very suspicious'. C.E. 'Well statistical evidence, you mean for example in the case of smoking and cancer, is that purely statistical evidence. And that's beyond doubt?' �- 4 - Carne 'Yes that's beyond doubt, and right now the statistical evidence, in the case of Agent Orange, is simply not enough to make a critical evaluation*. C.E. 'Could that be because not enough have come forward, not enough veterans have come forward? So we have yet to see the full extent of the damage of Agent Orange?' Carne C.E. 'Yes, I think that's the case1. 'The other herbicides used in Vietnam. How many were there'. Carne 'There were thre principal ones that were used. There was Agent Orange which was by far the most heavily used. There were two others; Agent Blue and Agent White. The names arise from the coloured bands which were painted on the drums in which the material was shipped; and one of the others, its active ingredient was an organic arsenical compound. Containing arsenic. Its not the arsenic poison, in fact, its not even very toxic. It was used primarily against grasses, heavily against rice1. C.E. 'Could that have accidentally been sprayed on friendly troops?' Carne 'Yes, it certainly could have. I don't think it would have the damaging consequences of dioxin that's found in 2,4,5-T. For one thing it contains no dioxin1. C.E. 'So there wouldn't be any genetic problems with it'. Carne 'No there wouldn't be any problems of that kind'. C.E. 'To establish any direct link between Agent Orange and genetic defects, as you say would be purely statistical, is that not enough, is that not sufficient1. �- 5 - Game 'Certainly with regard to health benefits for veterans, yes that would be sufficient; and as far as establishing that it can cause genetic abnormalities the biochemical work is not very difficult'. C.E. 'Laboratory tests with dioxin, what sort of deformaties occurred in rats for example 1 . Carne 'Cleft palate, kidney abnormalities, deformities of the limbs. All these are the same kind of things that are being found in children1. C.E. 'Is that still circumstantial evidence, or could that said to be statistical evidence?1 Carne 'That is straight biochemical evidence. The stuff is administered and the consequences are found. There is no question of abnormality there. Those are carefully controlled studies. The difficulty is that the material is administered to female rats who are in pregnancy. We are working with primates now and there are definite chronic effects of low levels of dioxin on both male and female animals and there are definite effects on reproductive capacity of the females. The problem is that the administration of the drug in the laboratory tests done so far has been to females. Whereas it is the men who are exposed in Vietnam and the question then is what do they transmit in their germ cells. That's more difficult to pin down, and those studies havn't been done'. C.E. 'Exposure seems to be a matter of concern in that 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D was used in the United States as a herbicide. Can it be proven that the exposure of the veterans wasn't to various herbicides used in the United States as opposed to, in its form in Agent Orange in Vietnam?' is Carne 'Yes, thisif statistical work is properly done that can be N controlled out because that, in fact, would effect both groups. Those who were exposed in Vietnam and those who weren't. I think that factor could be controlled out relatively easily. I'm very �- 6 suspicious that there is a connection. I'd be surprised if there weren't, based on what I've seen so far'. C.E. 'And how will you pursue that when you get back to the States' Came 'The state government of New Jersey is putting together an investigative commission to look into the effects of defoliant chemicals on Vietnam veterans and the related chemicals on anybody else, because of a great many similar chemicals that are used in the petrochemical industry nearby. The State commission is not yet formed, when it is formed I would offer any help that it will ask. I believe that it is the first such commission of any kind in the United States'. C.E. 'Is there anything that you would like to add?1 Game 'I oppose the use of these chemicals in warfare. But that's a completely separate issue. I think the worst problem for the veterans is the uncertainty. They don't know and often the man goes to the Veteran's Administration for medical help with the few symptoms that are hard to pin down to any specific organic cause right now, and they send him to a psychiatrist because they can't find an immediate organic cause. Why pan him out and tell him that he has some sort of a character defect or that he is a malingerer and that may not be the truth. Its demoralising to a man to be sent out with that kind of uncertainty thinking there is something wrong with his head and there may very well not be'. C.E. now speaks to Dr. W. McBride 'Dr. McBride, is there any point made by Dr. Carne with which you perhaps disagree or which you want to pursue immediately?1 McBride 'No. I thought Dr. Carne spoke very well and I think we could elaborate on some of the problems. I agree the only way you can tackle this is a statistical study. I have a friend \vho is working with dioxins in the United States. It is very toxic and it does produce deformities in animals. �- 7 - Now say 50,000 Australian's served in Vietnam (C.E. states 70,000). O.K. forget about Vietnam now. 50,000 young Australian's got married this year, 50,000 couples, and they all decided to try and have a family. 5,000 or 10% would have great difficulty in getting pregnant, 45,000 would get pregnant, say within 18 months. Now, from our knowledge of birth defects, 1,200 babies born of that 45,000 or 3% would have some or quite severe physical abnormalities. So this is the problem, you've got to find that if the incidence of deformities is higher amongst veterans from Vietnam than say 3%, then perhaps you might get a pattern. Now we know from our statistical studies, over the years, that the commonest congenital abnormality is congenital heart ^disease and they run down, we've got the twelve most common listed from there; that's almost 1%. So one in every 100 babies would have congenital heart disease. So if there is any specific higher incidence than our tables, say of cleft palate which was mentioned, then we could see there was a higher incidence of cleft palate among offspring of Vietnam veterans. So this is the situation. You would have to do a statistical study. Now to my knowledge, it has not been shown that dioxin affects genes. Now any drug that you take or anyone takes, for instance an aspirin; its got what we call half life, within two hours half the amount you've taken has been excreted by the body. Now some of the chemicals with the longest half life are the heavy metals such as lead or gold, things like that which last three months. Now for dioxin to still be acting after many years in a veteran would have to have a very long half life, or the only other way it could produce an effect would be to effect the genetic constitution of the germ cells in the testes. This has not been shown to occur. So you have to have a statistical study to see if the incidence of deformities is higher in the offspring of Vietnam veterans. Not one of us could say that we are going to have a normal healthy child, no matter who you are or what you've done in the past. So there is an incidence of deformities for reasons for which we do not know, some are genetic and some are environmental contaminants. Now as to the effects on the veteran himself I'm not going to comment on those because we know dioxin �- 8 - does cause skin conditions and it could produce other things, I'm not confident to comment there. I think that the birth defects are very vague at present. I know there is going to be a study, set up by the Australian government. But it would be a fairly slow process and on first principles it would surprise me if Agent Orange does produce birth defects1.. C.E. 'It would surprise you if it does produce birth defects or would it surprise you if the scientific evidence can be marshalled to show that it is so'. McBride 'No, it would surprise me that it does. I could see the difference if it were the pregnant women in Vietnam who were sprayed with it, that's different, because they are.pregnant and its an environmental chemical. But to effect the x germ cells of the testes to produce genetic changes is unlikely. I'm not saying its not possible, but I'm saying on the evidence we have of studies we've carried out, I think its unlikely'. C.E. 'Dr. McBride I thought one of the points Carne made was that in the tests on rats the dioxin was seen to have genetic effects which could continue for generations. Did I misunderstand that?' McBride 'You misunderstood that, yes. I've certainly seen no report that dioxin has been proven to produce genetic changes. Now radiation, certainly, but I haven't seen any evidence of dioxin causing changes'. C.E. 'Now the other point arising, surely is, that if we had access to the Vietnamese records we may well find some interesting occurrences there because in the late sixties, if I remember properly, there were bitter complaints of birth defects in the Vietnamese population, whether or not they were properly documented, they were certainly mentioned. And there was some concern, presumably in war time and with the shifting population and with all the disruption they had, maybe those records would no longer be accessible1. �- 9 - McBride 'As I said, that's different^ that's exposure to pregnant women and that's an environmental contaminant. Now I could believe very likely that this Agent Orange was fairly impure, its not like commercial 2,4-D or 2,4,5-T, it was pretty impure, so it had a fairly high content of dioxin. Now exposure to a pregnant woman is quite different, that's an 'environmental contaminant and I wouldn|t be at all surprised if it did cause birth defects amongst the population of the war area. But its a different matter to say that it effects the genes of the germ cells of the male testes'. C.E. 'But do we know it was the environmental affect on the women in that situation rather than those fathers of these Vietnamese children?' McBride 'Well you don't. You've got me there. You don't know but its more likely to be that if a woman is pregnant and she inhales the stuff that's been sprayed around, or takes it in the food or drinking water it would go straight across to the foetus'. C.E. 'But the authorities here don't even recognise that yet do they?1 McBride 'I don't know \vhat they acknowledge. I have read these claims, and counter-claims have been made that this is not true, but I can imagine that if dioxin was sprayed around the pregnant women in the war zone that they would more likely to have babies with congenital deformities. But I think that its a different matter to the babies of women who are now married to veterans of the war. We had quite a number of calls to the Foundation yesterday, people who are worried that should they have a baby or should they have another child. We can only say at this stage, yes, they should because today there is no evidence of an increase in incidence of birth defects over the 3%'. C.E. 'Presumably what you are saying about the environmental impact of dioxin would, you'd think, be sufficient reading to make sure that the 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T were not used again in that situation, I mean the effects on the Vietnamese population alone'. �- 10 - McBride 'Look I think any war is terrible and I don't like the idea of using defoliants in the war. I think it is a terrible thing to do to a country. Still it was done and I'm not going to go into that. This question has to be considered and I think the government are going to enquiry into this but it will be a slow business. You would have to contact the veterans who are married, who have had children, and see how many incidences of birth defects they have had in their family. C.E. 'Won't the method used in such a study be similar to the method used in the study of thalidomide and its effects?' McBride 'Just the same. Only on a bigger scale. You said there were 70,000 so there would be 70,000 questionnaires. But of course this could be done, its not difficult, its just sending out 70,000 letters and I'd imagine the Veteran's Affairs department would know the addresses of these people'. C.E. 'Then having sent out these questionnaires and getting the answers you believe then it would be'possible to establish a result one way or the other?' McBride 'Definitely yes'. C.E. 'Because I seem to recall someone saying, was it a Melbourne biochemist yesterday saying that it may never be possible to establish scientifically that there is this cause and effect relationship between the dioxin and the birth defects, but you would believe, in fact, it would be possible1. McBride 'I know dioxin does produce birth defects in animals, that is well established, it's very toxic; so we know that. Now if you did a survey and found the incidence of birth defects was 5% or that the incidence of congenital heart disease was 2% instead of a II of the rest of the population you know there is a higher incidence of birth defects among the offspring of veterans of the Vietnam-war. So you could say that, fairly simply, it would take some time to get the replies in but it is not insurmountable'. �- 11 C.E. 'Had you thought of any possible connection before this last burst of publicity?' McBride 'Yes. In 1971 I was at a meeting in Paris when this was very topical, it was debated very fiercely by the American's themselves. There were two factions of American scientists, some thought that the war was still going on and some thought that Agent Orange was causing deformities. Others said that there was no p r o o f . So that this was hotly debated, the meeting almost came to blows. I had never seen anyone in a scientific meeting get so violent. So it has been thought for a long time that this was a possibility but not in the offspring of veterans certainly. Now we take histories of the parents of the children w e ' r e s t u d y i n g ' . C.E. 'But that wouldn't be one of the questions would it?' McBride 'I was just going to say, we certainly don't ask about war service. But you could always find out something you have missed out and we can easily check up on the effects of children by writing to the parents and asking did the husband have war service and if so where'. C . E . 'One other thing that occurs to me, lets say that the study were done, lets say that it was discovered that there was some higher incidence of defects in the babies of Vietnam veterans, that still wouldn't be enough would it,to say the cause was dioxin. Someone might say, well they ate a very special sort of food which had certain preservatives in it, or whatever. I mean could there be other factors?' McBride C.E. 'Well there could be other factors, certainly'. 'Wouldn't that confuse the issue again? 1 McBride 'Perhaps slightly but you would know. You then have to work out the chances that there are other complicating factors or dioxin 1 . �- 12 - C.E. 'So at the moment it could grow into another thalidomide or it could be laid to rest'. McBride 'I don't think so. I think that there is a big monitoring centre in Atlanta in the U.S. and they are monitoring birth defects all the time. I think it would have shown up because there are certainly more veterans.in the U.S.A. than here and I think people have been aware of this since 1971 and I think that it would have shown up in the monitoring'. C.E. 'Except that Carne says that the veteran population of the United States hasn't been fully covered statistically.' McBride 'Yes, but the centres that do the monitoring in the United States are very thorough and they monitor a certain area. The Atlanta one in Georgia I think there would be a lot of veterans in that area, I think there should have been a pickup'. C.E. 'Any other point at this stage, could we take it any further Dr. McBride, or not at the moment; in your opinion?1 McBride 'No, not at the moment. I think it should be investigated but I don't think there is any undue cause for alarm for Vietnam veterans and their wives, whether they should have their children. I would say on the evidence to-date there is no reason why they shouldn't have children'. C.E. 'Say a link was proven, what then would we be saying to people about having families in the future'. McBride 'Well that's a bit like crossing your bridges before you come to them, isn't it? You have to prove that there is a genetic defect and on the evidence and first principle I think it is unlikely' � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 070 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1892 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Transcript: Interview given by Dr. William McBride on ABC Radio, January 9, 1980. Subject The topic of the resource popular press dioxin congenital birth defects Agent Orange controversy ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 070 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1890 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Worldwide Report, Environmental Quality Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981 Title A name given to the resource Secret Imports of Agent Orange Suspected in Birth Defects Increase Subject The topic of the resource Australia congenital birth defects dioxin ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 070 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1888 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kameron, A. J. Description An account of the resource Corporate Author: W. D. Scott and Company Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981-04-01 Title A name given to the resource Australian Veterans Herbicide Studies: Overview of the Proposed Studies on the Effects of Exposure to Herbicides on the Health of Australian Vietnam War Veterans Subject The topic of the resource AVHS study protocol congenital birth defects veteran psychological health ao_seriesIII https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/67897636671a89c1b538e1a76cd6ae8a.pdf 23ed1f9e996c0efaacd46b24a4e27a80 PDF Text Text Item ID Number °1596 Author Corporate Author Report/Article Tltlfl Typescript: [Notes onj Air Force Health Study Journal/Book Title Year 000 ° Month/Day Color n Number of Images « DOSOrlptOU NOtBS Includes a few handwritten notes as well. Wednesday, May 23, 2001 Page 1597 of 1608 �AIR FORCE HEALTH STUDY 0 0 0 0 WHITE HOUSE DIRECTED STUDY DESIGN EXTENSIVELY PEER REVIEWED UNIQUE STUDY POPULATION STUDY DESIGN - MORTALITY - MORBIDITY: QUESTIONNAIRES, PHYSICAL EXAMS (KEYED TO KNOWN AND REPORTED EFFECTS) - FOLLOW-UP �STUDY RESULTS No Soft Tissue Sarcoma (STS), Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT), or Chloracne Diagnosed in RANCH HANDERS �FERTILITY/REPRODUCTIVE 0 No SIGNIFICANT RANCH HAND OR OFFSPRING FINDINGS IN: - SPERM COUNT, OR DEFECTIVE SPERM - FIVE FERTILITY/INFERTILITY MEASURES - MISCARRIAGE, STILLBIRTH, LIVE BIRTH - SEVERE BIRTH DEFECTS - MODERATE BIRTH DEFECTS �NEONATAL DEATHS (UNVERIFIED SELF REPORTS; MEDICAL RECORDS, DEATH CERTIFICATES PENDING) RATE/1000 BEFORE RVN AFTER RVN �I? U T / 0 / / F EC /_• RH e Rv* C i ^, V w SE ft o + ^ i //! i l^oi !• i , Si ft i 1 i>. !i '•* k ) KN ^ f \ i - " ! /• 4 OF �CANCER 0 No Difference In The Occurrence Of "Systemic" Cancer 0 No Soft Tissue Sarcoma Found In RANCH HANDERS 0 More Verified Skin Cancer In RANCH HAND Group Not Adjusted For Sun Exposure M \ �LIVER 0 RANCH HANDERS Self Reported More Liver And PCT-like Symptoms Not Verified As Yet By Medical Records Not Confirmed At Physical Exam (No PCT) Not Substantiated By Lab Tests 0 Several Minor Lab Test Differences, But Most Tests Were Similar Between Groups 0 More Verified Miscellaneous Disorders In RANCH HANDERS; Significance Unknown �OTHER OBSERVATIONS 0 0 0 0 0 POORER SELF PERCEPTION OF HEALTH IN RANCH HANDERS Two LEG PULSES DIMINISHED IN RANCH HANDERS; SIGNIFICANCE UNCLEAR NERVOUS, KIDNEY, IMMUNE AND BLOOD SYSTEMS WERE ESSENTIALLY NEGATIVE No MEANINGFUL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN EXPOSURE AND STUDY FINDINGS EFFECTS OF CLASSICAL RISK FACTORS (AGE, SMOKING, ALCOCHOL, EDUCATION, ETC-) OBSERVED THROUGHOUT STUDY �CONCLUSIONS 0 0 0 0 STUDY MEASURED TRUE HEALTH STATUS To MAXIMUM EXTENT POSSIBLE ALL IMPORTANT FINDINGS ARE BEING FOLLOWED UP INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE To SUPPORT HERBICIDE CAUSALITY FINDINGS To DATE SHOULD BE REASSURING To RANCH HANDERS No CHLORACNE MEANS LOW EXPOSURE VERSUS CHEMICAL WORKER POPULATIONS No MAJOR CLINICAL HEALTH PROBLEMS OVERALL GOOD GENERAL HEALTH FOR AGE �STUDY COMPLEXITIES 0 Enormous Data Base (4 million items) 0 Validity of Self Reporting in Absence of Complete Medical Record Verification 0 Effects of Multiple Risk Factors (age, smoking, etc.) 0 Potential Biases 0 Study Schedule �INTERPRETIVE COMPLEXITIES 0 Statistical Associations Do Not Mean Causation 0 No Analogous Human Studies 0 Many Statistically Significant RANCH HAND-Comparison Group Differences Are Not Of Clinical Relevance 0 Exposure Index Analyses Are Unrefined 0 Positive And Negative Findings Require Follow-up �CATEGORIZED BIRTH DEFECTS BEFORE AND AFTER VIETNAM Before Vietnam Birth Defect RANCH HAND All Comparisons Number % Number % Severe 51 56.5 62 51 Moderate 32 35.5 40 33 8 20 16 Limited 7 After Vietnam Severe 32 40 34 40 Moderate 22 27.5 34 40 Limited 26 32.5 18 20 �VERIFIED SKIN AND 5YSTEMIC CANCER RANCH HAND Number Skin Cancer Original Comparisons Number 35 (%) (3.3) 11 (%) (1.4) All Comparisons Number 25 (%) (2.1) Systenac Sitt? Lip, Mouth, Throat 4 2 2 Digestive System 0 4 5 Respiratory 3 1 2 Genitourinary 6 2 3 Rlood, Lymph 0 0 1 Other 1 1 1 Total 14 (1.3) 10 (1.3) 14 (1.2) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 060 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1596 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries III Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Typescript: [Notes on] Air Force Health Study Subject The topic of the resource Air Force Health Study congenital birth defects ao_seriesIII