1 15 8 https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/d128b77b3f1f8b6e56ffaf3abda17c6f.pdf 1fdbac0d9243fc57f74edb7cd1be4f20 PDF Text Text Rom D Number 0233 Author Angeletti, S. ° Corporate Author RODOrt/ArtldB Title Typescript: Public Information System and Exchange of Information Following Chemical Accidents Journal/Book Title Year 1982 Month/Day November Color Number of Images D 31 Descplpton Notes Monday, September 24, 2001 Page 2330 of 2337 �ICP/RCE (903 (20)16 Addendum 1. A R E G 1 0 N E L O M B A R D IA Officio Spscis'g d! Sevesa Via S. Carlo,'4 - 20030 SEVESO (Ml) PUBUC INFORMATION SYSTEM AND EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION FOLLOWING CHEMICAL ACCIDENTS by S. Angeletti \ v �LIST OF CONTENTS - - MASS MEDIA INFORMATION - OPERATIVE PLAN FOR THE CONSTITUTION OF AN INFORMATION CENTRE - The basic objectives of the Centre - The content of the information - The recipient population - The organization of the Centre - Personality, duties and aptitudes of the journalists in charge - Activities of the journalists working for the Centre \ - Information and experience transfer - - SPECIAL REPORTS -PUBLICATIONS - MANUALS AND TRAINING AIDS - INFORMATION FOR PUBLIC PARTICIPATION - PUBLIC INFORMATION AND RELATIONS �Mass Media Information Mass media information largely determines che public opinion about the treatment of chemical accident consequences, as well as the opinion .of consistent part of local community directly involved. Evidently, chis is often the only information on chemi- cal accidents, which reaches the general public. Moreover, part of the local, community for various reasons may encounter difficulties in obtaining, underst-ading and .ccapting direct information from the rehabilitation team (Chis aspect needs particular attention -from rehabilitation team). In any case, mass media information exerts a consistent influence on population also in presence of direct information. . . . . . . •' It should be borne in mind that mass media information may represent; the "reality" for most of public, sometimes independently of the effective reality of objective data and monitoring results. On, the other hand, scientific-technical information needs to be appropriately diffused to have any affect on population: that'is, it needs in. general to pass through mass media. Therefore, mass media, information has a vital 'importance. ' . . Some' difficulties may be encountered in providing information , , ' „. _,; : • . to general public. First, a chemical accident has evidently a considerable psychological impact; only in part consciuos, on general public. A chemical accident may appear as the, failure of official science and technology. As a consequence, in particular immediately after the' accident,, official explanations, previsions and evaluations may be sometimes accepted with a low degree of confidence. Among, the goals of rehabilitation'team,, also- the objective of overcoming this possible lack of confidence may be included.yEfficiency in rehabilitation management and reliability in information provision may be Che best ways.in this case too. interest, of success ia che rehabilitation effort I pressure exerted by the local populace as well as by larger segments of che public can influence the decisions of politicians and pulbic administrators to .various degrees, even to some considerable extent (remember chat at 3eveso any solution involving incineration was rejected as a. result of pressure from the local population, who were far from thoroughly informed ! >— .pn_ the subject). • , �A considerable effort is necessary, in order to initiate a rational discussion with public, on what happened, what has been done and what has Co be done. In other words, the accident consequences should appear to the public opinion as they really are: not as something of incomprehensible and. uncontrollable, but as a problem, which has probably difficult but possible solutions. A second difficulty may be encountered: the message diffused by mass media has its own structure.and characteristics, generally different from the structure and characteristics of a scientific-: technical report or publication. For this reason, the information provided by rehabilitation team iaay be often analyzed, re-structured and. re-written by mass- media operators, to carry out a message fitting for mass media diffusion-. This' aspect has to be appropriately considered in preparing reports and data for mass media, to • avoid possible misinterpretations, omissions or over-estimates . .. . of insignificant details during this editing step. In particular, in reports prepared for mass media most relevant information has to be appropriately pointed out, opinions, and objective data distinguished, certainties and uncertainties'se~ ; parated and measurement possible errors indicated, and discussed. . -. . . :-• : ,- . X.-.- - . \ Whenever possible, provision of uncertain data should be avoided. ' .. v Sometimes this may be difficult: available data may be temporarily limited and uncertain, and different interpretations possible. In this case, reasons of uncertaintj.es should be accurately, explained, possibly'making use of simple-examples. Possible alternative hypotheses should.be presented and thoroughly analyzed whenever necessary. Eventual changements in rehabilitation planning and management, due" to the collection"of new data and ideas, should —— — • ••* not'appear to the public as consequence of errors, but as the lo- II �?/*** In this context, always prepare articles in advance, "sum- / * marising the situation preceding the new one and using the for\ mula: "As you will remember..,'1 —- -or . J , .. n. gical result of an increasejof knowledge^ As a rule, Che scientific-technical information for mass media^Xvxfshould include a large sec of comments, examples and references to make it fully comprehensible also by people without a scientific-technical culture. This is a characteristic requirement of Mass media information: if experts of rehabilitation team will not indicate the appropriate examples and references useful to •• the field the effective meaning of consequences of chemical i" u u • e o o w T-t CU g-j •3 o e <a UJ 00 I 4 4 KM o •3 U JS »» »4 ft ^j ~ . -o 1i 7j • M ni •o0 S n « n I *J 1 It Q <Q 3 O coord! and effects should be made whenever possible, in fact, the simple 10 •H have to be communicated, a clear reference to well known risks, appropriately cl-arify to people without a specific culture in o « 4J U U U evaluations concerning risks and health or environmental effects scientific-technical datum may be sometimes insufficient to <s journal completely understand the material provided, someone else, proba- ; ,O i ' * 5 bly will do this (maybe in a worse manner) '^In particular, n - o T* u V u ja. •o ., c V accidents.. For instance,, whenever possible., eventual residual risks still remaining after the emergency phase might ' be compared with known risks, as professional risks in industrial 4J cu <3 O. o U £ o 4J 2 >> S «• fJ5 I u t • • *0 f and agricultural wqrk, risks connected with heavy smoking or § alco.hol abuse, risks connected with roadtparfic and so on. In Comparisons with other, previous accident consequences may d o o 0 o t* be also included. tJ In any case, this information on risks, exposures and possible effects of the chemical-involved'should 'enable the local community to take rationally, consciously and serenely the . • per- sonal decisions required by the situation. Mass media receive information from many sources: evidently, rehabilitation team has to expect be not the only diffused. its own information to This is in general a positive and desiderable aspect,, essential for freedom of information. In general, it should be expected that scientists, technicians and people with some culture in environmental science, who disa- £ Q A u O 9) <u D cr u V 1-4 0, 3 n u O (8 o S e u ^ (^ ^f "M Q 3 "« *ii ^^ •^ . r* 0 (9 5 « •o •H a 03 t, . 0 44 ^^ *v 0 . •H ca u Q. \* £., �4 gree with rehabilitation management, would manifest their opinions and criticisms directly-to the rehabilitation team or through the common scientific channels before to diffuse them through the mass media (this should be the correct way to provide an useful contribution of ideas). Anyway, some mass media diffusion of contrasting opinions and ideas about rehabilitation management, neither discussed in advance at the appropriate scientific-technical level nor communicated in advance to rehabilitation team, is sometimes unavoidable. The characteristics of mass media and the continuous request of data and opinions, often arising after chemical accidents, may be the causes of this fact, as well as an inadequate information exchange system (in particular from 'and to rehabilitation team)-. In atiy case, it is vital to maintain an appropriate scientific level and style in the discussion and to avoid its transformation in a rough debate, aimed to stimulate emotions rather than logical thinking. Often, this may be obtained by setting up an adequate communication network with the scientific-technical, coimnunity interested to the problem and with the opinion leaders of . . . ... ._ the directly involved population. In fact, the local population may sometimes select its own experts, not necessarily.coinciding with the experts designated by public authorities and the official institutions. This aspect (well known in sociological studies) requires a particular attention. A continuous information exchange should guaranteed whenever possible with local experts, who enjoy the confidence of directly involved community. In conclusion, when criticism and disagreement are manifested, in particular by mass media, the rehabilitation team should be in condition to immediately accept the discussion through a suitable communication network, whose characteristics (adequate scientific level and style) would guarantee an appropriate and useful approach, aimed to solve problems (and not to raise the reputation of some expert or to assert the power of a faction). . . �For instance, scientific meetings or round tables might be quickly organized, open to a .xvide number of scientists and technicians, as well as to people representative of local community opinions and needs. Press conferences, reporting the conclusions of those meetings, might be the x-ray to provide information to mass media, about aspects on which opinions diverge £ln some cases, expe from other countries might be interviewed oji the debated points. From the organizational and practical point of view,'some aspects need t o b e stressed. • • • • . ' . • - • • 'First, only a well determined person in the organization dealing with rehabilitation should be charged with information provision for the public and in particular for'mass media. This is essential to avoid-lacks of consistency and solutions of continuty in in- u o c o •o formation provision. Moreover, due to the importance of the matter, the expert dealing with information for mass media should not * I** & \l-r* be charged with other tasks. Whenever possible, he should get in !C direct touch and establish a positive co-operation with most of | journalist following, rehabilitation progress: whenever possible, i"* C^ of written paper: photographies, graphics, diagrams and draxjings are in general necessary. This material is essential to give a synthetic idea of the problems under study, as well as to facilitate the comprehension of diffused material. Moreover, this kind of information fits very well for mass media structure (this' is obvious in the case of..television) . Furthermore, graphic information is rarely altered and misinterpreted in trasmission. 4> ^ ii 4) 3 u) 4J !c o 3 J3 any case, he should-be consulted when new data are required. Evidently, the information to be provided not only consists ^ I 1) '.'O \ for diffusion. u 1*2 new questions and problems should be first submitted to him; in ded in the rehabilitation team to prepare communiquas and material c i-l • c3 I In particular cases,, a well experienced journalist may be inclu- ^ a «• \ \ «» 0) U u c u » 9) - u c. u - ca ta ^ w «• o.. . sa •J* o s. •3 4) a w . ^^ 3 0 ^4 •rt 0 �Lastly, as well known, graphic information attracts people attention more than written information. On the other hand, most of data carried out in treating chemical accident, consequences intrinsically need a graphic representation •(for instance, maps, time trends, diffusion patterns and so, on). Evidently, a reliable service able to immediately produce graphic information is necessary. In conclusion, information for mass media has to be reliable, consistent, easily intelligible and whenever possible complete. In particular, this information should represent a help for involved population and general public to overcome the difficulties caused by the accident. ' • �AiN«jfcJ_triM VU CuMltidanio, 11 . Tsl. 6J72906 MILAiNO OPERATIVE PLAN FOR THE CONSTITUTION OF AN IHTrORMATION CSTTRE FOLLOWING CHEMICAL ACCIPEHTS THE BASIC OBJECTIVES OF THZ CENTRE The main purpose of the Centre's activities bears ref* erence to the three following objectives, to be stated in the decree instituting the Centre: . 1) To provide/the population, in the most appropriate form < and by the most suitable means, with clear, punctual, precise and thorough information on whatever steps the Region is taking to solve the problems faced by the population of the stricken area, on the short and long-term, implications of the prob- . lem, and on the content and state of progress of rehabilitation and medical programmes. 2) To create a readily available point of reference for constant communication with the representatives of the local, national, and foreign press, in order to provide them with complete information and news in the interest, also, of preventing the interested parties, for lack of such a service, from seeking .information from other sources which may be ill-informed or tendentious and in any case not in a position to satis'fy the need for information completely and comprehensively. _^—-— 2) To indirectly place itself at the disposal of the citizens j to help them gain an understanding of the methods proposed for rehabilitation, and also to advise, guide and assist them, with particular concern for the means and procedures re- �— lating to medical care and the provisions for social and economic assistance stiuplated in the programmes. 2) In particular, the Centre must immediately be in a position to answer questions concerning: 1) Assessment and verification of the state of pollution of the land, water and vegetation, and steps to decontaminate and rehabilitate land and buildings in an effort, also, to prevent further contamination. * 2) Medical tests and ascertainments, medical care and, • in general, defence of-public health in the stricken areas; tests, controls and steps in the field of medical and veterinary prophylaxis and veterinary care.- _..^' 3 ) Social work. 4) The rehabilitation or reconstruction of public structures and -•• irrecoverable dwellings, and the conducting of operations necessary for'the re-establishment of living conditions satisfactory in relation to the particular circumstances of the stricken area, as well as the restoration of ahe productive capacity of the agricultural terrain involved. 5) Steps in foavour of single or associated agricultural, artisan, tourist and hotel businesses, both-industrial and commercial, which have suffered damage as a result of contamination by toxic substances, OPERATIVE STRUCTURE The functioning of the Centre is to be ensured by the �following personnel:. — Functionary with the task of coordinating the activity of the Centre in close collaboration with the two consulting journalists and particular emphasis on the work of the personnel employed in tha Centre. - 2 persons responsible for relations with the Press and, other local and national channels of information. - 1 social worker. - 2 shorthand-typists. -•_ 1 clerk. - 1 driver . . . . ; . , , . . . . . , - . The above personnel will work jointly and in synchrony with the government offices operating in the area and especially with: . . ? — the Coordinating Provincial Physician . — the person in charge of rehabilitation projects — political authorities, local administrators and their collaborators, in natters concerning social and scholastic aid, the rehabilitation and reconstruction of public buildings and dwellings, as well as concerning measures in favour of single or associated agricultural, artisan, tourist and hotel bu~ " . sinesses. .Special care shall be taken in the choice of this personnel, who oust be selected not only on the basis of their prior experience and specific knowledge, but >with particular regard �to their aptitude for relations with the public. A special training course and constant updating will be necessary, and can be 'accomplished by means of an initial series-, of meetings and successive periodical updating sessions during which the personnel will be made to feel personally committed to and responsible for their work. The above obviously in relation to all aspects of DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION benefiting, first and foremost, the inhabitants of the stricken area. ' ' '" : 4) THE CONTENT OF THE INF05HATION '• The informative and documentary activities undertaken by-the Centre make it essential for. the Centre to have at its fingertips, on its "own premises, all the documentation produced and available in regard to the points stated in the institirrg decree. J * , " During, the first stage of its activity, therefore, the operative structures of the Centre will undertake the COLLECTION,' ANALYSIS and CLASSIFICATION of all information available from the various public organizations and scientific institutes, national or local. In order to function correctly the Centre must begin by coordinating information from all the public authorities involved (State, regional, provincial,municipal, scientific, military, etc.) and by studying procedures designed to absolutely prevent the dissemination of any news from offi* cial sources that might leave room for contradictory interpre- �tation. Although this is a difficult goal to accomplish, this point is fundamental and prerequisite to those that foEow. At the same time, all the appropriate links with the abovementioned bodies must be activated in order to ensure the steady flow of all subsequent information and documents to the Centre. For this purpose, a- functionary wij.1 be appointed from each of the interested organizations, responsible for sending such information to the Centre. This functionary will act as the point 'of reference for the Centre, responsible for answering any request for information or clarification that the Centre may be called upon to supply on request primarily of journalists but also of individual citizens, committees, associations and public opinion groups. As for the towns and other bodies active in the area, contacts will be maintained with the persons directly in charge. The Centre will also have other objectives in addition to its documentary and informative activity, the fulfilment of which, in practical terms, will come as the result of the operations conducted on the premises by the Centre as a whole. In effect it will be possible: 1) to convey information of an immediate or urgent character about new .facts or developemnts that may arise during the application of"the abovementioHBd programmes. 2) to work towards the creation in the public mind of a �positive image of the work being done by the. various other organizations involved.. 3) to encourage the resumption of productivity on a psychological plane as well as through concrete initiatives and promotional activities. 4) to collaborate, upon request of the health authorities, in the promotion of mass health education programmes in the schools, factories and among the populace in general. — In order to Implement these objectives, in terms appropriate to the demands of the population and the local administraotrs, the Centre must not act (nor must, it be understood to do so) as 'a. beaurocratic, authoritarian structure imposed from above, but as an element reflecting and expressed- through local reality, one which looks upon its function as instrumentla. for the public good. Consequently the information it conveys will be simple, clear and timely, and will not be denied to anyone who requests it. • Only on this premise can a relationship of trust be built between the Centre and the area it serves. 5. THE RECIPIENT POPULATION ' • vflaile the collection, analysis and classification of the documentary material is proceeding, the recipients of the information are being identified on a concrete level. Information will be communicated on three different lavels, each requiring the individuation of different methods and �the use of different means of communicating the information, while the content of the information will remain the same. In substance, the Centre must avoid making the mistake of trying to use undifferentiated ways and means, and must, take account of differences in cultural and social echelon that re- sul in linguistic differences and in different levels of comprehension of the elements comprising the communication, be they written, spoken or visual. The three levels may be specified as follows: " 1) On. the-first level is the world of'communications and .the press. The Centre, and this is the very reason of ias existence, will become the point of reference for all interested journalists, but beyond such contacts the Centre must build a series of direct relations with local information operators, be they correspondents of local newspapers or magazines, edi\tors of periodicals and publications published in the involved area, or local radio or television broadcasters operating in the area. . ' '' -' -— -<^2)- The second level comprises all public opinion groups .working within the Centre's radius of operations, with directresponsibility for the formation of public opinion. We refer to local political party ccemittees, neighborhood groups, parents' associations, local union groups, school and religious associations, teachers, and so forth, who must be informed about the activities of the Centre and must b« able to turn to the Centre �whenever they need information of any kind. 3) The third Level is that of the general public. The information they receive must be more carefully screened, in the interest of getting them to cooperate in the fundamental rehabilitation effort. Here we are dealing with information in popularized fora; the general public,- once aware of the existence of the Centre, must, be • able to tu^n." freely to it for complete information on the programmes mentioned in point 2 a's well, as on the work of the Centre itself. . /~-9s In addition, there-is yet another s^tor consisting of a very particular segment of the public: this includes all the local administrators and all the local authorities in charge of officially coordinated activities and progrmmes.. The Centre must isanediately. supply them with clear, complete information as soon as it is available* ' v Bear in mind," also, that the communication of\ inf orma— tion is-never a --one-way street. ' Through contact with local administrators, public Opinion groups and the general populace, the Centre can become aware of the various needs, aspirations and attitudes that should be-conveyed to those technically {and/ politically)responsible for the area. Having defined these levels of operation, the interlocutors themselves must be identified and lists of names prepared, divided according to the levels mentioned above, with the obvious exception of the general public. Such lists, insofar as �concerns the second Level and the sphere of mass media, should include the home addresses of the individuals listed, complete / with telephone numbers for the communication of urgent information. Once the Centre has been set up» the start of its activities and the definition of its objectives will be communicated to all interested parties (mass media, administrators, sci- ' entists) by a letter of presentation signed, by the highest representatives of the public body responsible for its constitution.. 6». THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CENTRE : -•-...-••• 'The Centre, must have particular characteristics, including those-pertaining; to its physical premises, that will make it possible for it. to accomplish its' objectives. The work areas must be separate, from those designated for the reception of the public and as assembly rooms. The offices must be fully e— \ quipped so as -to be able to operate quickly and efficiently. v. They must' have: ' — 'Card catalogues with the collection of the complete documentation concerning the measures taken by the various operative bodies; - Card, catalogues with copies of all the articles that ' ' X " ^ have appeared in the press, both national and international, at the time of starting work, as well as those that appear while the work is proceeding, classified by topic, — Card catalogues with the addresses classified by level of information, as defined above. �10 * - a' machine for making address plates - blank forms and letterhead stationery - a high-capacity photocopying machine (Xerox 4500)5 -- a mimeograph equipped for making type moulds; " - an addressing machine - two tape recorders (one reel-to—reel and one cassette) -• recording equipment for transcribing tapes and cassettes -.stationary and movable bulletin boards for posting notices - an automatic telephone answering machine - video-recording equipment for the recording of discussions, speeches by specialists, scientists and public authorities and their presentation to the public* Copies of such videotapes will also be made available to national and local television channels, free of charge, . One particular problem is that of the hours- at which the Centre will be open to the public. Opening times will have to.include holidays or non-working days, as well as some hours in the late afternoon or evening, to allow journalists on eve~ ning duty as well as every other citizen access to the Centre. The documentary materials will have to be catalogued and filed according to precise criteria,for easy consulting and identification. The mailing List will have to be transcribed on supports suitable for use with a rapid address—reproduction system. Such a system must permit 'the selection of addresses by category. �11 From the moment of printing the letterhead stationery, an artist will b« responsible for the coordination of the visual image of the material issued by the Centre. Concerning the blank forms: repetitive-type problems must be identified. And the graphic design of the blank forms will also be. entrusted to the artist. Concerning point 7» the immediate preparation of "cards" _on the—following subjects is proposed: -. . - .- what is the toxin in queaion, and what risks docs it entail? ' X' • • • ' • - results of activities undertaken in previous emergencies -. health precautions to be taken on a personal basis . ; — summary of the operative reclamation plan , .-, summary of the operative health plan - .-- . . .•.-'.' - summary of the operative social work plan - summary of the economic assistance plan / .. - summary of the restoration or reconstruction programme Accessory equipment will include:/a collector/dispenser for the publications issued by the Centre so that journalists and any other interested parties can pick them up easily and .informally. - large bulletin boards for the display of posters, not- ices of meetings to be held, press cuttings, etc. "~" ~-^ - a book and periodical library containing the most rscent publications on chemical pollution (induing those voicing critical views). �12 . A rapport of constant communication with-the local-pub- -• lie, especially in the absence of a locally operating press, can be created through the age. .cy of a bi- or tri-weekly publication issued directly by the Centre. In order • to interest the population in a direct diarlogue, such a publication should not only be informative in nature, but should also raise questions and propose outsid* contributions, to the point of becoming a true journal of local life. This naturally implies the constitution of an edi- torial staff including some local people, under the. supervision of the two journalist press consultants. Personality) dutiesand aptitudes of the journalists in charge The plan, calls for two journlists to work with the Centre, because it would be difficult for a single one to embo- dy all the essential requisites, of experience and professional qualification. There must be: . One journalist specializing in scientific reporting, preferably in the fields of biology and medicine, accustomed to \ elaborating' scientific data in articles accessible to the layman. A journalist accustomed to attending scientific congres\ ses and capable of directly preparing from them articles accessible to the general public and at the sane time not open to criticism by specialists - on the contrary, approved and appreciated by them» It will be well to ensure the services of a �13 journalist of national renown from whose articles the public know they can rely on getting clear, correct information, and who enjoys the respect of his colleagues. His reputation a- lone should be a guarantee of the accuracy of the information he reports on the subject of the chemical accident. Such-a journalist, all other considerations aside,, will probably already know. and be known Ijy more than one. of the scientists involved in the environmental reclamation and medical programmes and be used to .dealing with such people, as well as having up-to-date experience on the subject matter in hand, : . The second journalist should be. a reporter with a fairly long career to his credit on the staffs of newspapers oper-_ .' ating in the region involved in the chemical accident, accustomed to reporting his news in the maftner most appealing to tee man in the street. Such, a professional, given his lengthy career, will also have, built up cordial relations over the years with many colleagues on the staffs of the- various newspapers and radio and television stations. Such, personal relations, based on trust and good faith, will be very useful in naking sure that the news is issued by these media in the focra desired by the Centre. While the first journalist, thanks also to his possible (and desirable) role as a correspondent attanding the most important scientific meetings, can act primarily as a part-time consultant, with his attendance guaranteed, however, at deci- �sional meetings and in supervising the writing of scientific texts, the second should be in full-time attendance at the Centre; an agreement between the two will make it possible for them to be in constant contact, fcven if one or the othsr is away from the Centre. Activities of the Journalists working for the Centre In addition to the obvious task of collecting the naws coming from the various medical and rehabilitation sectors and* possibly tunning it. into press communications and/or articles in the Informative bulletins issued by the Centre, the *• preparation of which will come under their supervision, the two journalists will have to organize periodical press conferences (at. least once every three months), preferably in the form of seminars, to bring the mass media up to date. During these conference/seminars, not only the specialist speakers but all " the other journalists as well will have the chance to speak and, comment and ask questions; this makes for much greater par» ticipation and compliance on the part of the mass media, As we have said and reiterated, it is very important that the information be coherent and unambiguous, and for this reason, not only on the occasion of the press-conference/seminars, but also prior to personal interviews by public administrators, politicians or scientist's operating in the fields of rehabilitation and public health, the two journalists of the Centre, or at least one of them depending on the topic in question, �15 . will-meet with, the Interviewee and agree with him on the terms of. the interview. This will serve also to identify any words or phrases that .may be difficult to understand or subject to misinterpretation (accidental or otherwise) in the interviewee's speech, and to choose clearer and more definite ones. To systematically obtain news and data from the various departments .concerned with environmental reclamation and health -or-ganizations, the two journalists will have to both make and receive regular telephone calls to and from the people in N. _ charge of the various sectors, at regular, almost weekly, intervals. • . - - • • . - • • • . . - • ••; . . • -. •For the internal written transfer, of information from the various sectors to the Centre, a standard form should be prepared, stating clearly the person referring the item, the statistic data related .to"'the item, the reason the sender feels /__ it to be important, and whether the sender is. available to be interviewed on., the subject. An important consideration to remember is that in such x^ cases the two journalists working with the Centre must be looked at as if they were defence lawyers. They must always be told the whole truth, so that they and their sources can agree on "*•"• --o the best way in which to acceptably feed it to the public, even when A reserved item leaks out. Nothing will make the two Centre journalists lose credibility in the eyes of their mass media colleagues like not allowing them to always �16 be in a position to answer questions on reserved news that has leaked: an "official version" must be prepared in advance, so that they will not be caught unawares in the case of indiscretions and so that they will be able, at any time, to clear up embarassing situations. In other words, there is nothing stupider than to conceal information from the consultants who are supposed to help communicated it in the most desirable form, even items which it would be preferable not to broadcast but which one may be forced to reveal nonetheless, Information -and experience transfer . • : - .- The creation of a Centre such as the one mentioned here is essential, moreover, for-the dissemination of information not only on the activities having to do with, environmental rehabilitation, health programmes and economic aid, but also for the possible prevention of further chemical•accidents. Both, during the years of rehabilitation and at its conclusion, the spirit of the information given must always be that, of striving to create greater awareness in both the public at large and in the public and private administrators, in the interest of greater caution in handling chemicals. In this context, the organization of the abovementiotied periodical seminars for journalists is to be advocated, as is the participation in national and international congresses, with appropriate reports, of specialists working on the rehabilitation programmes. �17 Important, too, is the distribution of explanatory dossiers on how the accident happened and what broader-reaching consequences might have come about than the ones that ac. tually did occur. For the- environmental reclamation sector, the filming and videotaping of all the salient stages of the work, in addition to the written technical descriptions, is important, so that, it can, be shown to others. In the health sector, the organization of concise debates and interviews among the specialists involved, to'be distributed abroad as well as at home, would be useful. Special reports • • • • • '• '.,.(*„.'--" Special reports may be needed to inform the involved community, the involved authorities, agencies and institutions, as well as central and national organizations connected with the problems under study. Moreover, special reports may be needed to adequately describe and analyze relevant techniques, methods, findings and inferences. These latter i reports are general^ addressed to field qualified experts. Evidently, completeness is vital: all details, have to be included, necessary to transfer a d-evei-s^^x. "know-how". As a. rule, special reports are aimed to meet specific information needs rather than to give general information. Moreover, they in general deal with a matter to which particular and defined kinds of people are interested, In conclusion, a special report should" be prepared- taking appropriately into account the characteristics of the^iriforaation receiver, as well as the purpose of the .information exchange. An suitable language should be therefore used. structure and �.Publ i cations, As already mentioned, the rehabilitation of chemical accidcncs ye- • nerally representsaraatter of high'interest, not only for the field experts, but for the .general public too. This means that what has been done and what is being done in 'rehabilitation management has to be appropriately published as soon as possible. Publication in scientific reviews will stimulate a fruitful discussion and a possible'contribiition of new ideas. Evidently, pubblication is also essential for transfer of experiences. Clearly, a correct and efficient scientific-technical activity "automatically implies the publication of data, procedures, results achieved arid difficulties . encountered. It should be pointed out that a lack of publication of data and results will possibly give rise- to a negative attitude" in people requesting information. In any case,, it should be borne in mind that also temporary and limited" results and preliminary data may be of interest and fit for publication.. Evidently, it is not necessary to have achieved final goals before publishing what has been done. Detail^'may be often of interest.' Scientific information, concerning* rehabilitation progresses,, should c35u be published in newspapers and as non-specialized reviews, as well • appropriately diffused, by mass-media. Scientific columns in newspapers and scientific surveys in reviews, as well as specific radio-television trasnissions, may represent the channels suitable for a qualified popularized'--diffusion and, publication of results. The same information, provided through scientific publications, should be given through these media, making use of a'clear and easily intelligible language. In any case, as already mentioned, consistency, reliability and completeness of the information published at various levels and through different channels is a vital point. �Manuals and training aids As.already mentioned, two basic aspects can be identified in transfer of experiences for training purposes. The analysis can be addressed to a "case study" or to a"technique study" or a "procedure study".' Monographies reporting the whole hystory of the particular accident and •of the consequent rehabilitation activities should be always prepared.A .,,.•- . t•••• " * - » " . " • complete description of all aspects is needed.-(including organizational aspects, resources employed, equipment and apparatus used and so on). Drawings, fotographies, tables and arrays of data have to be reporteji... la other words, a publication of this kind should represent, the appropriate answer to the question:"what is necessary to do in an analogous case ?". "'' " ; "~ : ^•••"••^••••::-••;••• — " ;• . - • • - - v . - -, " . ' '. "' T .-.''• . .'.-.. - - .- .. ....... On the other hand, techniques and procedures successful in a previous • experience, nedde to be widely diffused.. Manuals and handbooks could be prepared to the purpose. A national or international organization . / . . . , . . . . - • • . • . should be enraged with this task. Evidently, such manuals should be easily intelligible and should include all necessary practical details. The reader should be enabled to easily master the natter reported. In particular, safety measures and precautions should be accurately described: personnel involved in emergencies and rehabilitation may have a limited experience in this field (in particular in the case of new chemicals) . A proper manual >:an. provide basic help in limiting or avoiding risks. Various subjects could be indicated, to be examined • • • • -Co b (L c^d^rvZz*^' in a manual: i..e., general safety measures'"'in a contaminated area, '•. "% toxic material removal and storage, soil scarification, monitoring strategies, simple statistical, methods for environmental data analysis and so on. Other didactic aids can be used: scale models, series of photographies and drawings, films, computer displays, tape recordings and so on. - ". �V .. Information for public partecipation Adequate information must be continuously provided to public authorities, :o the local community and to the whole public.. Evidently, new relevant data need to be ircnedisrely • comunicatad to involved authorities. The public • • • . . . - . ind the mass -media may -tfe informed J •. . • afterwards. -.— ^ A. chemical accident has in general a remarkable social-psychological impact on the community. A social, demand for information generally 'arises, about the effects and the causes of the accident, the rehabilitation resour. • *• ces and efficiency and the possibility to avoid- future similar cases. A rehabilitation information system needs to be able to provide such information. It is vital to establish a collaborative atmosphere, in particular with the ., ; .• . .•-.- • ... . • -- .. ^ . • '• X local community. Local community has to be clearly informed about protective measures, required to minimize the residual risks, and about rehabilita- tion goals and daily progress-.. Maps, diagrams, drawings, pictures and other icono graphical material can be of help.. Information system should be .'cble to * * • * - . " ' ' quickly provide them. / ' -" ' "" • *• ' •, •"'••'"""•../-'.'''"• .;.'•. - . " .' - -' - '•- la any case, information has to be. clear, complete,, reliable and consistent. 'A simple language, should be used, intelligible also by people without a' specific- scientific-technical culture. To this purpose, the advice and the help of an expert in _coramanication should be available. Whenever possible, uncertainties' should be avoided in data provision. Sometimes this may be difficult: available data can be temporarily limited *» and uncertain and different interpretations can be possible . Particular care . ' has to be taken, if information has to be provided before the elimination of uncertainties. In such a case, reasons of uncertainty and of possible variations in rehabilitation plans arid execution, should be accurately explained in order to avoid a decrease in confidence in rehabilitation management Cpco~ pie in general expect certainties and definite choices from official science and technology; it can be necessary sometimes, to recall that absolute certainty nay be nan-scientific) . y~ .- - •. ; . ? �have the best, interests of tr.e population at heart. w,ac tne personnel wording on-site may regard as trivial alterations, the public may take in a completely different spirit, since they ace not ocivy to the day-to-day management of operations from the inside. A simple solution to the spcaad of suspicion is the flooding of the area with information. This' can be quite deliberately cone: at the outs'et.of an emergency, many of the impacted copulation will vant \ all the information they can acquire; but, as time'passes, if they „• • • . . .v know that a lot of information on every aspect of the situation is •» freely available, much of the public will stop bothering to enquire. The 'oast way to disseminate this information and to stop rumours is to set up a "rumour centre" as part of a general media centre. •* Here again, the balance must, be kept betve-sn putting out as much \ " ' - _ " . - ; > • - ' ' - ' information as possible, and ensuring that nona of. it is ' * ~-~ ~ • cantracictorv. At the, b-eainning of an emersencv, it is obvious that % - \ - -- ••: " this will be a more than full-time job, and a Media Officer wxll be required. As longer term .remedial actions begin, some liaison with the media should be maintained, to explain what is being undertaken,. . and to anticipate 'future~~concerns. It is vital to have someone V.T.O is continually prepared t.p__jsay, "How will this action look, be understood, or be misapprehended by the public?". At some point, decisions may have to be made about the extent o£ public participation in the remedial process. Typically, the public is seen as an uncontrollable faces or a marginal concern, with the �Public i n f o r m a t i o n ar.d relations Relationships with other agencies can have a direct impact, or. i i relationships with the public. Seveso and Three Mile Island are • examples of incidents where confusion' among the constituted,... authorities translated itself into public uncertainty about the nature of the risk (Whitsside, , 1979) .' public information- is the cornerstone of the agency - public relationship, especially in a remedial activity that may take years to be completed. • Confidence, once lost, nay be impossible to recover. • * •. , Tor this reason, a single sourca of information to the public is • preferable to any ether kind of information dissemination, This requires, in turn, control over rumours, leaks of information, . and a commitment to presentation of believable truth by spokesmen. In. many incidents, disputes over technical questions are inevitable, but the —- da:r.aae caused to the image of certainty can ba. minimized in a number .„ ''N, "• of ways. Tirstly, it can be stated at the outset that there is no absolute certainty posited by the responding agencies. .. -• Secondly, tr.s disputes car* be contained within tha larger management scheme.'.'... . 'N overseeing the operation. Thirdly, a large number o.f technical , . -. disputes can be anticipated, and the public can be warned to expect. „---''""'•• ' - • • . ^acne disagreement. • •r Zxperiar.ee has shown that the public near an impacted site is very quick to spot anomalies and sleepiness in remedial actions. This can undermine both faith in the crccess and faith that the authorities • �' r e s u l t that u c g a n i s a t i c r . s are reluctant to consider a l o n g - t e r m involverasnt of the public in the process. VJhile there a r e valid i reasons for this reluctar.ca (e.g. intermittent interest, lack of expertise)/ a lot can be lost of value through excluding the public. y.cst importantly, the public is an inexpensive source of information..,.For example, in determining the boundaries of a ch-emical spill in an area, local residents may be able to Give a good account of the flow of groundwater through an area, which can serve as a check, on professional hydrsgeologic surveys. Further, local residents can be ' * ^• . used- as monitors of deterioration in an ecosystem: .they are always on-scene, and thev have a vested interest. '•* * -\ • \ \ \ Management of this kind of information is, of course, . fundamentally a cuescion of separating out tha wheat" from the chaff, but there is no doubt that traditional knowledge may have substantial • value. There is a secondary benefit: local people feel themselves to be part of the remedial process, and are therefore less likely » polarize, into "us" versus "them". .A tertiary benefit, though more .-complex, is the mutual interaction of agencies and public, resulting • in a less abstract and more concrete set of rehabilitation goals. * - Or.* last_ benefit can be noted. will -nove in and out of a community. »^ In a long-term operation, people A community-based i n f o r m a t i o n system n a t u r a l l y educates newccmars into the g r o u n d - r u l e s of tne operation ( e . g . tcnas of access, prophylactic measures) is they ]Oin the community. This eliminates the necessity of re—education on the part of the authorities over and over again. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 093 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2330 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Angeletti, S. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-11-01 Title A name given to the resource Typescript: Public Information System and Exchange of Information Following Chemical Accidents Subject The topic of the resource public opinion government publicity popular press https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/fc098c74e076c982a5499dadd3fc4bd0.pdf 44bbbc913d9b6d050696cf394eb1cd02 PDF Text Text Item ID Number 01555 Author Chesney, Murphy A. Corporate Author ROpOrt/ArtlOlB TltlB Memorandum: for SAF/MIQ (Dr. Carlos Stern), from Maj. Gen. Murphy A. Chesney, with subject Ranch Hand II Media Considerations, 9 August 1980. Journal/Book Title Yoar 0000 Month/Day Color Numbor of Images DOSCrlptOD NOtOS n 22 This item includes the one page memo and 2 attachments. The first attachment is a draft of a statement by Mr. Zengerle in response to the White House announcement. The second attachment is a list of questions and answers on the Ranch Hand study in anticipation of media questions. Included in the questions list is a comparison chart of the "Differences Between Annual Flying Physical Examination and the Herbicide Orange Examination." Wednesday, May 23, 2001 Page 1556 of 1608 �DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE HEADQUARTERS UNITED STATES AIR FORCE BOLLING AFB. D.C.2O332 ;.; $8 AUG1980 MEMORANDUM FOR SAF/MIQ (Dr. Carlos Stern) SUBJECT: Ranch Hand II Media Considerations The attached information is forwarded in response to your memorandum of 20 August 1980. Attachment 1 is draft of a statement by Mr. Zengerle in response to the White House announcement. • Attachment 2 is an extensive list of questions and answers on the Ranch Hand study which generally reflect the status of the study and provide responses to anticipated media questions. The draft letters you requested will be forwarded on 3 September 1980. MURPHY/)/. CHESNEY Maj Gen; USAF, MC Deputy Surgeon General 2 Attachments As Stated. �INTERNAL_WQRKIN&. P A PER PROPOSED RESPONSE TO WHITE HOUSE RELEASE The White. House announced today that the Air Force will proceed with its planned study of the health effects of Herbicide Orange on the "Ranch Hand" personnel. "Ranch Hand" was a code name attached to the Air Force aircrews involved in the herbicide spraying operations between 1962 and 1971 in Vietnam. The purpose of the study is to determine if a causal relationship can be established between exposure to Herbicide orange and • any changes in the long term health status of the individuals involved. . ' . . . . Specific recommendations were .made by the White House.to '"> extend the period of the study, and to contract out the questionnaire and-.the physical examinations. These recommendations are being reviewed so that appropriate modifications can be made ta the study. This review will be completed within two weeks and a detailed announcement will be made by the Air Force at that time on the implementation of the study. •.(This is based on assumptions of the White ;House action.) • �Q. What is Herbicide Orange? A. Herbicide Orange is a combination of two common agricultural herbicides—a 50:50 mixture of the N-butyl esters of 2,4Dichldrophenoxacetic and 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Q. How much was used in Vietnam? A. Approximately •1-9-7-6-09-7-Q0-& gallons. Q. What is 2,4,5-T? A. 2,4,5-T is the common name for the selective herbicide 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Q. What is TCDD? A. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin) is one of a family of 75 chlorinated dioxins. TCDD. There are 22 isomers of 2,3,7,8-TCDD is generally considered the most toxic of the > chlorinated dioxins. �Q. What is the basis for the claims of liver damage, psychological problems, cancer, etc? A. While the basic ingredients of Herbicide Orange—2,4,-D and 2,4,5-T—have a very low level of toxicity, the component 2,4,5-T sometimes breaks down during the manufacturing process to form minute quantities of a highly toxic substance, dioxin (TCDD). Animal studies have linked dioxin to liver damage, spontaneous abortions and other organ damage when animals were fed the substance over a prolonged period. Humans exposed to heavy concentrations of dioxin as a result of industrial accidents also have shown some acute short term medical effects. Q. Was dioxin contained in the Herbicide Orange sprayed in Vietnam? A. Yes, there were minute quantities with a weighted mean concentration of 1.98 parts per million.. ' �Q. What are the uses of 2,4,5-T? A. 2,4,5-T is used to control unwanted vegetation in rice, forests, pasture and rangeland and along highways, railroads, power lines and pipelines1. It is generally sprayed onto vegetation either from the ground or the air. Q. How long has 2,4,5-T been used? A. It has been commercially used for approximately 30 years, Q. What, has caused the concern regarding Herbicide Orange? A. During the past years, theories and public conerns have developed over the possibility that widespread uses of 2,4,5-T, particularly any containing dioxin contaminants, may cause latent health effects on exposed persons. Since these materials were in Herbicide Orange used in Vietnam between 1962 and 1971, news media reports caused some veterans to feel that health problems they are now experiencing could be related to Herbicide Orange. Others who have no symptoms fear that they may be harboring some chemical in their bo'dies that could cause health problems later. �Q. What kinds of health problems have been alleged? A. Health problems mentioned in news stories include hand tremors, weight loss, diminished sexual drive, cancer, birth defects in offspring, a skin condition called chloracne, liver damage and psychological problems. Veterans who heard of these reports have * since reported an .even wider range of problems -'which they attribute to their having been in Vietnam when herbicides were used. Q. Is there any medical basis for believing that such a wide range of symptoms could have a common cause? A. There is no conclusive scientific evidence at this time that any of the symptoms, other than chloracne are related to any of the chemical components of Herbicide Orange, or other herbicides used in Vietnam. acne. • Chloracne is a skin condition akin to juvenile - •.'..• .. • - - • ..•••• . ... '". •, ••.. .: - �Q. How long will it take to determine if there were health hazards as a result of exposure to Herbicide Orange? .' A. We hope to have some preliminary data within two years as to the health of the Ranch Hand group. It may not provide any meaningful data at that time which would reflect a causal relationship to exposure to Herbicide Orange. Q. Where will the physical exams be conducted? A. The physical examinations will be performed by a-, qualified institution under contract. That contract has not yet been negotiated. Q. If the questionnaire is to be contracted out, when will the contract be awarded? A. A statement of work is now being drafted. contract should begin within _ Solicitation for . (Answer depends on decision which is pending.) ~ �Q. Since the Air Force announced long ago its commitment to do this study, why has there been such an extreme delay? A. A series of delays in the peer review process, totally outside our control, and additional delays due to the Federal Interagency Working Group review, have together contributed to an almost one year delay. In a study of this magnitude, it is vital that we assure the proper study begin prior to the initial contact with the participating population. Thus we view the delay as having beneficial results in terms of further understanding of the total project. Q. When will the physical exams begin? - \ A. Within two months following administration of the questionnaire. Q. How many of the Ranch Hand group are on active duty? A.. y*£. (144 officers, J££ enlisted) . Q. Was Herbicide Orange sprayed in Korea? A. Yes �Q. When and how will the questionnaire be administered? A. A contract will be let to d-e^e-±o"p~ a questionnaire which is directly related to the physical examination and encompasses a broader «range of health history, including offspring birth defects, •etc, • The questionnaire should be completed within six months^antfcwiUP^ A uujLs 6^u- <!. /n^-^ /**•/• fe® /administered in personal interviews with the study participants. Q. The Scientific Panel recommended that a study be initiated to determine if an increased risk of cancer is associated with service in Vietnam. A. Will the Air Force consider studying this? This will be pursued in the questionnaire and the physical examination as it relates to the Ranch Hand'group. Q. What will you be looking for in the examinations? A; The general state of health and any abnormality that has been suggested by animal or human studies in the literature associated with components of Herbicide Orange as well as other conditions expressed by many of the veterans. �Q. Why was the School of Aerospace Medicine selected to conduct the study? A. This school is the center of expertise within the Air Force for epidemiological investigations and concerns. Q. Who will pay for transportation costs of the participants? A. All transportation and cost of accommodations will be paid by 'i the Government. Q. Are those costs included in the $40 million?. A. Yes Q. Will the participants be compensated for time away from their jobs? A. ' This is under study and a final decision has not been made. on.a �Q. How will the Air Force publicize this study to encourage Ranch Handlers to participate? A. By personal letters and telephone calls to each individual and direct contact with the Ranch Hand organization. In addition, we will be providing information to the media on the importance of this study and of the Ranch Hand participation. Q. Who will fund the study? A. (decision pending) Q. How often will the participants be given physical examinations? A. The participants will be given a comprehensive physical examination the first year and at periodic intervals within the first 10 years. Subsequent examinations would be scheduled based on the results of examinations up to that point. Q. Are there any women in the Ranch Hand, group? A. No �Q. If a health problem is discovered during the study, will the person receive care in a military hospital.? A. Active duty and retired are eligible for care izi a military medical facility. Veterans are eligible for care in VA hospitals under specified conditions. Other individuals will be referred to their private physicians for follow-up. Q. When do .you plan to contact the Ranch Hand group? A. The first letters will be dispatched within the next Q. Do you have current addresses on all the Ranch Hand Personnel? A. Yes Q. . How many of the people to be studied have children who have birth defects? .A. We don't know. . ' *» • We will be able to answer that following the analyses of the questionnaires. �Q. How much will the study cost? A. Over a 20-year period, approximately $40 million, Q, Who will review the study results to ensure they are not "whitewashed?" A. . An outside monitoring group (yet to be selected) with appro- priate scientific credentials representing the Government, academia and veterans organizations will closely monitor and rev-iew the conduct of the study. This advisory group will be under no '.* obligation to the Air Force and will conduct their observations in an independent manner. They will report directly to the White House's Office of Science and Technology. It should be noted that the Air Force subjected its protocol to an unprecedented peer review in order to assure the scientific validity of its study and to alleviate any concerns of credibility. Q. What group of people will be studied? i A. The aircrew members and ground, suppor.t personnel assigned to Operation Ranch Hand as well as a control group, comprised of individuals of comparable military background, age and race. �Q. The National Academy of Sciences has stated that if the Air Force does the study, neither the public nor the veterans will believe the results of the study. A. What is your response? The credibility of the Air Force has not been questioned, only the public "perception." The scientific review of the protocol and monitoring of the study by an outside agency reporting to the Office of Science and Technology should alleviate any concerns. Q. The National Academy of Sciences charged that the follow-up phase of the study was not long enough to determine concise health effects. A. What is your response? The original protocol allowed for extension of the study for specified periods beyond the first six-years. The study could go as long as 20 years. Q. " The National Academy of Sciences report has charged that your study even if well done, lacks sufficient numbers to be meaningful. What is your response? A. The Air Force has always acknowledged that the number of Ranch Hand members is not large. But that is the total group. From the overall perspective, the Ranch Hand group represents the world's second larejest identifiable, highly exposed group of people. (The population of Seveso, Italy is the largest.) �Q.' How many Ranch Hand people have you tracked down? A. We have been able to determine that there are LF=3?£9- known ' Ranch Handers whom we can contact. Q. How many of the Ranch Hand group have died of cancer or other serious ailments since their exposure to Herbicide Orange? A. We know of 4£ deaths of the Ranch Hand group as of this point of the study. The majority of those deaths have come from aircraft accidents or hostilities in Vietnam. *• 't '' Q. Are there any known deaths from cancer or other serious diseases? A. We are in the process of determining this, but at this point have no information to that effect. Q. . • Don't you think this study reflects conflict of interest because of the compensation issue? A, -< No, there is no conflict of interest' involved. The Air Force Medical Service is studying an Air Force population and will make a determination as to physical condition. •not determine compensation. • The Medical Services does -; _ " . �Q. Will the results of the comprehensive physical examination be released? A. The results of the physical exams will be released only to the individual or to his personal physician with the consent of the individual or to the appropriate Government agencies as provided for in the Privacy'Act. They will not be released to the public; however, the statistical group findings will be a matter of public record. Q. How will the questionnaire be administered? A. By personal interviews. Q. Have the chemical manufacturers of Herbicide Orange offered to assist the Air Force in the study? # A. No, but we have reviewed much of the material which they have publicized. Q. Were there any civilians assigned to Operation Ranch Hand? A. The records do not reflect any civilians in the oper- ational aspects of the Ranch Hand mission. �Q. .What scientific results do you expect? A. We would hope the results would show whether there is a causal relationship between the health problems, if any, of the Ranch Hand group and their exposure to Herbicide Orange. At the least, it will add invaluable data to the knowledge bank concerning the health effects of dioxin exposure. Q. Are you going to use a control group and who are they? A. Yes, we plan to use appropriate controls throughout all phases '.' . " of the study. The general group has been identified and will be personnel who had similar military functions. The individual controls will not be selected until the Ranch Hand participants are defined. The controls will be matched as to -age, time" in Vietnam, race, job, etc. Q. Will you use any parts of some of the foreign studies already done on Herbicide Orange? Why? t A. Yes, many of the findings and approaches of foreign studies - . •\ have been incorporated. To not do so would be significantly remiss. �Q. What if this study results in disqualification from certain jobs, such as flying, public safety, etc.? A. The chances of this happening are very remote. Flying personnel get a very comprehensive annual physical examination which would normally detect any problems of such significance as to be hazardous to public safety. In the unlikely event this did occur, the physical examination would be referred to the individual's occupational physician for further examination and appropriate action. We are working to develop an indemnification program in such a circumstance. Q. (This answer depends on pending decision) Is participation in the study voluntary? A. Yes, the success of .the study depends on.thei-r participation and we are soliciting their cooperation, individuals and as a group. Q. (decision pending) Why is the study limited to the Ranch Hand group? A. This group of people was involved in the actual spraying '\ operations involving Herbicide Orange, and had greatest potential exposure. We believe them to be the best documented and most accurately assessable group of individuals exposed. �Q. In February of this year, the Deputy Surgeon General testified that the "Base line questionnaire has been developed." Why are you now saying six months later that you will have to contract out " the questionnaire? A. A base line questionnaire had been developed in consonance with the original protocol for the study. However, because of recommendations of the peer review agencies to expand the area of study of the health effects, it is necessary to key the questionnaire directly to the physical examination. extensive questionnaire is required. Q. A different and much more . • What has been done on the Ranch Hand study so far? A.' We have reviewed the scientific literature, contacted established leading dioxin experts, conducted a peer review process, established the scientific protocol, received indorsement of the study by Ranch Hand Association, developed preliminary questionnaires, ascertained the study population, worked on study control matching, designed a data base management system concept, coordinated locator services, screened thousands of personnel records, determined the flying status of the study group and have begun the base line mortality study. �Q. Where will the Ranch Hand study be made? A. The United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine at Brooks AFB, Texas will conduct the study, augmented by contracting of the questionnaire and physical exams. (This decision still pending) Q. Who in the Air Force will be responsible for the study? A. The Air Force Surgeon General, Lt Gen Paul W. Myers, will monitor the project but has delegated the implementation to the Commander of the Aerospace Medical Division, Maj Gen (Dr.) John Ord, and the Commander, USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Col (Dr.) Roy L. DeHart, both at Brooks AFB, Texas. Q. How long will the study last? A. The study could last up to 20 years, �Q. What kind of tests will be made? A. Standard blood tests, chest x-rays and electrocardiograms will be obtained much in the same fashion as a comprehensive physical examination. Special neurophysiological tests measuring nerve conduction and muscle function will be administered. In addition, special blood tests emphasizing liver; kidney function, etc., will be added as appropriate (see attached list of tests). �DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ANNUAL FLYING PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AND THE HERBICIDE ORANGE EXAMINATION Routine Flying Physical. Examination Herbicide Orange Research Examination General Areas Chest X-Ray Cardiogram VD Tests Urinalysis 3 Blood Counts 9 Blood Chemistries Diabetes Tests Yes Yes •Yes/No Yes Yes No Yes/No Yes Yes Yes/Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes/Yes Spejg.if.ic Areas Dermatologic Exam No with 3 blood chemistries Yes Neuro-Psychiatric Exam Psychological Battery Nerve Conduction Tests No No Yes Yes Reproductive Exam Semen- Analysis 3 Hormone Tests No No Yes Yes No Yes Cancer/Liver Exam 5 Blood Chemistry Tests Specialized Tests Not ever performed Ka.ryotyping Hepatitis Antigens Antinuclear Antibodies Immunoelectrophoresis Monilia Skin Test Quantitative Immunoglobulins Dioxin Level Assay Performed if indicated by other tests � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 058 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1555 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries III Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Chesney, Murphy A. Title A name given to the resource Memorandum: for SAF/MIQ (Dr. Carlos Stern), from Maj. Gen. Murphy A. Chesney, with subject Ranch Hand II Media Considerations, 9 August 1980. Subject The topic of the resource Air Force Health Study government publicity popular press ao_seriesIII https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/55b8643292873aa1aa79b882bfed13e2.pdf 0b712c78e910d3b3a7034401a7a38d4b PDF Text Text Item ID Number: ooiss Author Corporate Author Press Release: Secretary Schweiker's "New" Data Turns Out to Be "Old" Data, September 24, 1981 Journal/Book Title Year Month/Day Number of Imaoes 2 DBSCriptOR Notes Press release about an announcement made by G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery, Chairman, U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Veterans' Affairs regarding a press conference given by Secretary Schweiker of the Department of Health and Human Services. Friday, January 05, 2001 Page 188 of 194 �FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Ralph Casteel 225-915i SECRETARY SCHVEIKER'S "NEW" DATA TURNS -OUT TO BE "OLD" DATA The Chairman of the Veterans' Affairs Committee of the U. S. House of Representatives, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery (D-Miss.). announced this morning that Secretary Schweiker of the Department of Health and Human Services has needlessly caused undue alarm and concern by his press conference yesterday on supposedly new data that had been brought to his attention pertaining to "aerial dumping of herbicides" on American troops in Vietnam. The "new data" had been made public more than a year ago — September 16, 1980 — by Department of the Air Force witnesses before the Subcommittee on Medical Facilities and Benefits of the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs. The record of this hearing was published. A representative of the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services served as Chairman of an Interagency Work Group appointed to study the adverse effects of phenoxy herbicides, including Agent Orange, In humans and was a witness at the same hearing in which this "new data" was announced. Chairman Montgomery said, "I regret that Secretary Schweiker did not check with his staff concerning the disclosure of this information at our Committee hearing last year. It serves no useful purpose to hold press conferences such as that held yesterday by the Secretary. Such procedures at the highest level of government obviously cause much emotional upheaval for Vietnam veterans and their families and for my colleagues and others who are doing everything possible to determine whether there are long-term health effects due to exposure to Agent Orange and other herbicides used in Vietnam." �Montgomery said, "I intend to take this matter up with Secretary Schueiker personally, and I hope he will begin to work with the Congress, the Veterans Administration ai;d others in a concerted effort to resolve these problems rather than going off on his own with press announcements that serve no useful purpose. I will ask him to join all of us in the Congress who are working diligently to resolve this complex issue and to join in supporting congressional initiatives contained in H. R. 3499 that will provide health, education and employment benefits for all Vietnam veterans. results." September 24, 1981 Working together will hopefully bring about positive � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 017 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0188 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Press Release: Secretary Schweiker's "New" Data Turns Out to Be "Old" Data, September 24, 1981 Subject The topic of the resource government publicity DHHS agent orange controversy https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/b8c1a97a2546c263dccfeb65c743f151.pdf 3e036d774d4b8e0cfff3dbf3c4f4055b PDF Text Text Item ID Number 01571 Author Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) RepOrt/ArtlClO TltlB News Release: Air Force Releases Ranch Hand Baseline Mortality Study Journal/Book Title Year 1983 Month/Day Ju| 1 Color ^ Number of images 2 Descrlpton Notes NO. 338-83 v Wednesday, May 23, 2001 Page 1572 of 1608 �NEWS RELEASE OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (PUBLIC AFFAIRS) WASHINGTON, D . C , - 20301 P L E A S E NOTE D A T E IMMEDIATE RELEASE July 1, 1983 No. 338-83 697-5131 (Info) 697-3189 (Copies) AIR FORCE RELEASES RANCH HAND BASELINE MORTALITY STUDY The U.S. Air Force today released the first mortality report of its Ranch Hand (Agent Orange) study, an epidemiological investigation of the possible adverse health effects from herbicide exposure of Air Force members who conducted aerial spraying missions in Southeast Asia (Operation Ranch Hand). The purpose of the study is to determine whether long-term adverse health effects exist and whether they can be attributed to occupational exposure to herbicides and their contaminants. The mortality analyses described in the report have not revealed any statistical excess in the deaths recorded in the herbicide/dioxin-exposed group. At this time, there is no indication that Operation Ranch Hand personnel have experienced any increased mortality or any unusual patterns of death in time or by cause. They are not dying in increased numbers, at earlier ages or by unexpected causes. Twelve hundred sixty-nine individuals who were assigned to Air Force units directly involved in Operation Ranch Hand were identified through extensive searches of military historical and personnel records. Most of these men were exposed to herbicides for up to 10-12 hours a day, five to six days a week, for periods of at least one year. Thus, the Air Force considers them to be the most heavily herbicide-exposed group of U.S. military personnel in Southeast Asia. For the purposes of statistical comparison, a group of other Air Force personnel assigned to duty in Southeast Asia were matched to the Ranch Hand group by race, job and date of birth. Five comparison subjects were selected for each Ranch Hander to improve the ability of the study to detect a difference in the death experience. The death experience of the herbicide/dioxin-exposed group was contrasted with the death experience of the matched group, as well as with three other groups external to the study: the 1978 U.S. white male, population, a Department of Defense(DOD) retired population, and the 1956 graduating class of West Point. -more- �Analyses showed that, to date, the mortality experience of the Ranch Banders is identical to that of the matched comparison group. The overall rates and causes of death are not significantly different between the groups. However, it does appear that officers are living longer than enlisted personnel in both groups. The Ranch Handers did show a relative decrease in cancer, but an increase in liver disorder deaths; however, both these findings are statistically nonsignificant. There were no soft tissue sarcoma deaths diagnosed in either group. Analyses of both the Ranch Hand and comparison groups to the 1978 U.S. white male mortality experience showed highly significant findings of lower mortality rates among Air Force members. Most of these differences can be attributed to the healthy worker effect (due to the fact that individuals must be in good health upon entry into the military, while the general U.S. population is not subject to this form of "selection"). The DOD retired and West Point data were used for further analyses in an attempt to correct for the healthy worker effect. The contrast with the DOD data again demonstrated significantly less mortality for Ranch Hand officers, comparison officers and comparison enlisted men; however, there was not a statistically significant favorable mortality rate for Ranch Hand enlisted personnel. The West Point comparison had to be restricted to an analysis of the officer groups since all West Point graduates become officers. This analysis revealed no differences in mortality. The fact that adverse effects have not yet been detected does not imply that an effect may not become manifest in the future. For this reason, further analyses are intended and mortality in the study population will be ascertained annually up to the next 20 years. The data from the Ranch Hand questionnaires and physical examinations will be published in October 1983 when the morbidity report is completed. - END - � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 058 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1571 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries III Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 1 1983 Title A name given to the resource News Release: Air Force Releases Ranch Hand Baseline Mortality Study Subject The topic of the resource Air Force Health Study government publicity Ranch Hand crew ao_seriesIII https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/7441e03fbcff0eebc874dadb46d6b581.pdf 393d09253fec10f61c0c83da83fd6a4f PDF Text Text Item ID Number °1574 Author COTDOretO Author Veterans Administration Advisory Committee Report/Article TltlO Fact Sr >eet, Air Force Health Study (Project Ranch Hand II) Baseline Morbidity Study Results Journal/Book Title Year 1984 Month/Day March 5 Color ^ Number of Images 3 Descrlpton Notes Wednesday, May 23, 2001 Page 1575 of 1608 �Released March 5, 1984 Veterans Administration Advisory Committee Washington, D.C. FACT SHEET Air Force Health Study (Project Ranch Hand II) Baseline Morbidity Study Results Study results of Ranch Hand personnel versus a comparison group do not support a cause and effect relationship between herbicide exposure and adverse health in the Ranch Hand group. General Health - Both groups in good health for age. Cancer . No soft tissue sarcoma found in Ranch Handers - one in comparison . No difference in the occurence of "systemic" cancer . More verified skin cancer in Ranch Hand group - not adjusted for sun exposure which is major cause of skin cancer Fertility/Reproductive . All findings in this area are based on parental reporting in absence of medical records or birth/death certificates; hence, all fertility results must be considered preliminary until records verification completed. • No significant Ranch Hand findings in sperm count or defective sperm; fertility or infertility; miscarriages; still births; live births; or severe or moderate birth defects in offspring • More minor birth abnormalities (rashes, birth marks, skin discoloration, etc.) reported by Ranch Handers. �• Neonatal deaths were reported more frequently in Ranch Handers; misclassification between still birth, neonatal death and infant death very possible; review of medical records/death certificates pending. • Significant associations were noted in\ both groups between maternal smoking during pregnancy and learning disabilities, physical handicaps, infant deaths and birth defects. Maternal alcohol use also associated with physical handicaps. Liver • No porphyria cutanea tarda was diagnosed. • Ranch Handers self-reported more liver and PCT-like symptoms . No difference in frequency of liver disease detected by physical examination or laboratory tests. . Several minor lab test differences but none of c l i n i c a l significance; most tests were similar between groups . No difference in past occurrence of hepatitis, jaundice or cirrhosis . More verified miscellaneous disorders in Ranch Handers; significance unknown Neurology . No significant differences in major areas. Borderline difference in Babinski reflex but no other relevant clinical findings. . Profound effects of alcohol and diabetes detected Cardiovascular • No major cardiovascular findings noted �. Ranch Handers not developing heart diseases prematurely . No significant differences in most clinical tests. There were significant differences in two specific peripheral leg pulses in Ranch Handers with no other clinical adverse findings. Pathogenesis and clinical relevance unclear at this time. Psychology • No difference in IQ and performance tests • High school educated Ranch Handers self-reported more symptoms in the areas of fear, anger, anxiety, etc.--not assessed for differential reporting or Post Viet Nam Stress Syndrome Dermatology • No chloracne suggested from questionnaires . No chloracne diagnosed from physical examinations or biopsies Other . No clinically significant differences in immunology, hematology, renal, pulmonary or endocrine areas. Some minor differences found but judged to be not clinically relevant. Numerous medical findings, most of a minor or undetermined nature, that w i l l require detailed follow-up. Further physical examinations and questionnaires w i l l be administered at the 3 (1985), 5, 10, 15 and 20 year points. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 059 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1574 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries III Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>Veterans Administration Advisory Committee Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 5 1984 Title A name given to the resource Fact Sheet, Air Force Health Study (Project Ranch Hand II) Baseline Morbidity Study Results Subject The topic of the resource Air Force Health Study Ranch Hand crew government publicity ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 085 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2110 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>Food Chemical News Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Pesticide and Toxic Chemical News Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 3 1982 Title A name given to the resource EPA Begins Test of Dioxin Decontamination Technique Subject The topic of the resource government publicity soil decontamination https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/2cbd6b257a678d63496dfb8910c277ae.pdf d38779f127e79bf2954749f408b49b7d PDF Text Text Item D Number °2113 Author Corporete Author EPA Report/Article Title Environmental News Journal/Book Title Yeer 1982 Month/Day December Color Number of Images D 2 Doscripton Notes Monday, September 24, 2001 Page 2113 of 2338 �United States Environmental Protection Agency Region 7 324 East Eleventh St Kansas City. Mo. 6410c Iowa Kansas Missouri Nebraska Contact: Rowena L. Michaels (816) 374-5894 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE .. ., December 8, 1982 RESULTS FROM SAMPLES TAKEN NEAR IMPERIAL, MISSOURI RELEASED - The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) today released test results from samples taken in October in residential areas near Imperial, Missouri. Over 300 samples were collected and analyzed by EPA. All data was subject to rigorous quality assurance and reviewed by experts in EPA Research and Development Laboratories. By devoting extra resources to the effort EPA was able to release the results of the analysis more than three weeks in advance of its original schedule. The purpose of the sampling was to determine exactly where and in what concentration dioxin is present in the area. On the basis of preliminary sampling conducted in May 1982, EPA sampled four areas. Ninety-five samples were taken at the Minker site; 151 samples at Romaine Creek, 53 at the Stout property; and 13 at Country Club Manor. Samples from the Country Club subdivision indicate no detectable contamination above 1 ppb. Concentrations of dioxin in soil at the Stout property were found at the same levels detected in previous sampling but no higher. A high of 22.2 ppb at a depth of 10 feet was found at one point on the property. The highest levels of dioxin contamination in the area were found in fill material at the Minker residence and down the slope behind the house, where one sample indicated 301 ppb. (More) �In Rcmaine Creek concentration of dioxin in sediments were highest where drainage from the Minker property enters the creek. The concentration, however, decreased sharply to below the 1 ppb detection level after 6,000 feet downstream. Samples of dust from vacuum cleaner bags were collected from five areas houses. Dioxin contamination was found only in the sample from the Minker residence and there at only 3.6 ppb. Rita Lavelle, Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste and Emergency Response, stated, in a letter to Missouri Governor Christopher "Kit." Bond "1 have determined that, based on EPA sampling of October 1982, the contamination in and around the Minker residence and portions of Romaine Creek; and to a lesser extent the Stout residence [warrants] initiation of a planned removal action....the data supports my earlier decision that the situation does not warrant emergency action....However [it] does warrant expeditious handling." EPA has promised to give residents first notice of all test results plans and developments. To fulfill this promise citizens in the affected areas were notified by EPA officials of -the findings yesterday evening. Acting Regional Administrator Bill Rice announced that EPA staff will be available to answer all citizen inquiries at Suite 21-23, Rodeway Inn South, 3660 South Lindbergh, from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. through Sunday,. December 12. United States Environmental Protection Agency Official Business Penalty for Private Use $300 Office of Public Involvement Region 7 324 East 11th Street Kansas City, Mo. 64106 , Postage and Fees Paid Environmental Protection Agency EPA 335 <" ""S *~~**&&%[_ f ~jjj8p _<t^LJTX_ V^ U.S.MAIL "" *J � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 085 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2113 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>EPA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-12-01 Title A name given to the resource Environmental News Subject The topic of the resource dioxin herbicide testing government publicity https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/9018a14993ca1f25a563e8a6ff3f825c.pdf 7e0b59f04a8d6e268293572c0cdbffce PDF Text Text Item D Number °2114 Author Corporate Author EPA Report/Article Title Dioxin Update Number 2 Journal/Book Title Year 1 Month/Day December 7 Color Number of Images 982 n 8 Descripton Notes Monday, September 24, 2001 Page 2114 of 2338 �UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY REGION VII 324 EAST ELEVENTH STREET KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI - 64106 V, DIOXIN UPDATE NUMBER 2 • DECEMBER 7, 1962 The results of the sampling conducted in October at the Minker residence and surrounding drainage areas, the former Stout property, Country Club Manor, and other selected points are now available. As we premised you in October, you would be the first to learn the results of the sampling. This letter is to inform you of those results and of the availability of EPA staff to answer your questions. Objectives and Approach The purpose of the sampling was to determine exactly where and in what concentrations dioxin contamination is present in the area. The sampling will also help EPA decide upon actions to protect public health. This sampling was designed to be complete and exhaustive. All samples were tested using the most up-to-date analytical methods. The test results were reviewed by experts in EPA Research and Development Laboratories. Careful checks were made to ensure the quality of the sampling and the testing. On the basis of preliminary sampling we sampled four areas in this latest effort. Ninety-five samples were taken at the Minker site; 151 samples at Rcmaine Creek; 53 at the Stout property; and. 13 at Country Club Manor. Samples were tested for dioxin concentrations to a limit of one part per billion (1 ppb) in order to ensure prompt results. Testing was conducted by California Analytical Labs and Wright State University. Surrmary of Results Samples from the Country Club subdivision indicate no detectable contamination above 1 ppb. Concentrations of dioxin in soil at the Stout property were found at the same levels detected in previous sampling but no higher. A high of 22.2 ppb at a depth of 10 feet was found at one point on the property. The highest levels of dioxin contamination in the area were found in fill material at the Minker residence and down the slope behind the house, where one sample indicated 301 ppb. In Rcmaine Creek concentration of dioxin in sediments were highest where drainage from the Minker property enters the creek. The concentration, however, decreased sharply to below the 1 ppb detection level after 6,000 feet downstream. �Samples of dust from vacuum cleaner bags were collected from five areas houses. Dioxin contamination was found only in the sample from the Minker residence and there at only 3.6 ppb. Action Options On the basis of the sampling results, EPA is considering the following range of activities under a planned removal action: 0 Excavation and removing of contaminated soil; 0 Transporting contaminated soil to an approved disposal site; 0 Backfilling; and. 0 Possible temporary relocation of affected families during excavation and backfilling. EPA's Future Plans EPA is following our carefully developed plans for the handling of the dioxin contamination problems in this area. Now that sampling has been completed we have a solid basis for deciding which actions are necessary to protect public health. We will continue sampling and testing as necessary. In addition, we are exploring all possible legal options. As we proceed we will continue to keep you informed of our progress. Public Inquiry Center We welcome your questions. Our first concern is that all of your questions are answered clearly. For your convenience, EPA staff will be at the Rodeway Inn South, Suite 21-23, 3660 South Lindbergh from Wednesday through Sunday, 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. The telephone number is (314) 821-3000. We encourage you to meet with our staff at the motel and recommend that you phone for an appointment in advance to avoid waiting. �STATE LOCATION MAP KANSAS CJTY ST. LOUIS Bubbling Springs Arena Slout Site �BUBBLING SPRINGS ARENA LOCATION MAP RESIDENTIAL SITES 'MINKER SITE\»OCK STOUT SITE COUNTRY CLUB MANOR �o. 6 1.9 4.8 88.9 58.5 83.8 , 12.4 4.1 3.9 15.7 7.2 1.8 ROMAINE CREEK SITE 00 a © 9.8 121 87.5 16.8 QBH 63.5 16 272 U3 72 47 155 108 115 LEGEND 263 I3*L O Nor| detectable 0 1 - 50 Parts Per Billion (PPB) EH Greater Than 50 Parts Per Billion (PPB) �Q COUNTRY CLUB MANOR LEGEND O Nondetectable O 1 - 50 Parts Per Billion (PPB) H Greater Than 50 Parts Per Billion (PPB) O �I MINKER SITE-'HE) McARTHY/' GARDEN/ o Nondetectable 1 - 50 Parts Per Billion [PPB| Greater Than 50 Parts Per Billion |PPB| *SAMPLE COLLECTED 5/82 �RAILROAD TIE CONCRETE PADS 10 RESIDENCE o LEGEND Q Nondetectable t - 50 Parts Per Billion (PPBj Greater Than 50 Parts Per Billion (PPB) *SAMPLE COLLECTED 5/82 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 085 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2114 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>EPA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource December 7 1982 Title A name given to the resource Dioxin Update Number 2 Subject The topic of the resource herbicide testing government publicity