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&lt;p&gt;For more about this collection, &lt;a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a"&gt;view the Agent Orange Exhibit.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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°1186

Author

Adamovic, V. M.

Corporate Author
Lower

Level Phenomena of DDT Cumulation in Female
Abdominal Fatty Tissue

JOIirnal/BOOk Title

Year

Arhiv za

Higijenu Rada

1973

Month/Day
Color
Number of Images

n

4

Alvin L. Young filed this item under the category
"DDT/Human Toxicology and Environmental Fate"

Wednesday, April 11, 2001

Page 1186 of 1242

�hig. rada. 24 (1973) 303.

LOWER LEVEL PHENOMENA
O F JJDJ C U M U L A T I O N I N F E M A L E
ABDOMINAL FATTY T I S S U E f

^-V. M. A n fl M n v i ^ and B o R K A S O K I d
Institute for Health Protection of Serbia, and Department for Sanitary
Chemistry, Beograd
The authors found a significantly higher level of DDT storage
in the fatty tissue samples of men than in women (mean pp'DDE
was 12.8 ppm and 10.2 ppm respectively). By comparing the excretion of organochlorine insecticides in the milk of breast-feeding
mothers with their total daily DDT intake by food, they registered
considerably greater quantities of pp'DDE eliminated than ingested. By excluding the nondietetic DDT intake the authors explain
this phenomenon by hormonal factors i. e. by increased mobilization of the stored DDT metabolites during the lactation period.
The lower DDT storage found in women may also reduce the mean
residue values related to the general population.
Irrespective of its restricted use the presence of DDT in the human
environment will continue for some time yet to influence to a very great
extent man's existence and of course, his health. The conclusions arrived
at meetings of experts (1) show that DDT will continue to be used for
controlfing the vectors of certain diseases and even in the control of
various agricultural pests. Taking into account the persistence of these
compounds on one side and the quantities that have been used so far
and that will be used in the future on the other, it is not hard to conclude that man's contact with DDT remains inevitable, whatever guarantees may be prescribed.
Past investigations of the toxioological, cancerogenic, mutagenic and
other properties of DDT have yielded so many data that it may well be
claimed that DDT is the most widely checked compound to date (2, 3).
Even so, present knowledge does not offer a realistic idea of its effect
upon man. Very little is known about the daily effect of small quantities
"Of DDT on the general population, except that it is stored in the adipose
'tissue (4) and that it is thus present in all organs of vital importance.
These effects can be evaluated by periodical determinations of the concentration of stored DDT and its degraded products in the human adipose tissue and blood or serum, and correlated with the data on the

�304

V. M. AlMMOVld, BORKA SOKI(5

daily intake of DDT with food. Some authors have found the concentration of stored DDT to be on a steady downward line and it is considered that the measures undertaken will further diminish its excretion (2).
Among numerous data of this kind there are some which suggest the
existence of a significantly higher level of DDT, especially of pp'DDE,
in males than in females. We found the same in 1967/68 after having investigated 100 samples of adipose tissue from the inhabitants of Belgrade and Serbia proper (5): the mean value of the total DDT depot was
10.2 ppm in women as compared to 12.8 ppm in men, the total mean
value for the general population amounting to 11.5 ppm.
This difference of about 2—2.5 mg/kg of adipose tissue is to be found
in papers published before (6) and after (7, 8) our report, although there
have been papers (9) in which no difference was found. The existence of
a difference has been explained in several ways, one being the relative
complexity of female hormonal interrelationships which could conceivably result in an increased microsomal enzyme activity and a subsequent
body burden reduction. This may also be interpreted in part by a differing female pattern of fat deposition and the likelihood of males having
greater environmental exposure to pesticides. However, in the course
of our examinations of the factors contributing to increased concentrations of organochlorine insecticides in infants (10) we found some interesting data which might help to explain this phenomenon too.
Namely, in investigating the daily intake of organochlorine insecticides by infants we also determined the entire daily intake of these insecticides with food by breast-feeding mothers and the daily excretion
with milk. We found a significant disproportion between the total daily
intake of DDT and its excretion as illustrated in Table 1.
From the above data the following may be concluded:
a) breast-feeding mothers excreted considerably greater quantities of
pp'DDE with milk than they took in with food;
b) the disproportion was far greater in mothers of twins (A and B)
than in mothers of a single child (persons C);
c) similar occurrences were not found in the case of other organochlorine insecticides, although we found (5) that the levels of stored
djeldrin likewise differed according to sex, which was not suggested by
other authors.
Since the experiment was carried out under controlled conditions and
since the factor of non-dietetic DDT intake could be ignored on this
occasion, obviously a powerful mobilization of the stored pp'DDE and
other DDT derivatives takes place during the lactation period i, e., the
surplus of DDE excffeted with milk becomes more apparent. Knowing
that the »good old practice* of breast-feeding is still maintained in some
parts of the world, that in some regions this lactation .period lasts up to
six — nine months, that a balance in subsequent storage of DDT is not

�LOWER LEVEL

PHENOMENA OF DDT

CUMULATION

305

Table 1
Total daily excretion of organochlorine insecticides in human milk compared
to their total daily intake with food (expressed in y/day person)
O

Person

Mean
quantity
of milk
ml/day

ffi
«

£
G,

CJ

ffl
«

W
Q
O

I

&lt;

Kj
O

&amp;

a

H
Q
Q

a

H
Q
Q

«

01

a.
o

5H
oQ
HQ

.s
•a

S

A

1.590

8

22

828

16

154

9

1.078

9

B

1.249

3

14

745

14

179

9

1.033

3

C

527

1

4

67

3

25

2

105

&lt;1

9

317

65

20

112

59

266

9

Total daily intake
with food (2.660 g)

The result represents the mean value for the observed period of seven consecutive days.
A and B are mothers breast-feeding twins
C are mothers with one child.
attained at once and that such cases figure among the examined subjects from the general population, we may assume that such samples
can significantly contribute to a decrease of the mean value for one group
of examined subjects and thereby explain the phenomenon of reduced
storage of DDT in women. This should be borne in mind when assessing the results of epidemiological studies of OC insecticide exposure.
References
1. Deichmann, W. B,: Arch. Toxikol., 29 (1972) 1.
2. Report of the Secretary's Commission on Pesticides and Their Relationship to Environmental Health. U.S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare, 1969.
3. Kagan, Yu. S., Pudel-Ossipova, S. I., Khaikina, B, J., Kuzminskaya, U. A.,
Kouton, S. D.: Res. Rev., 27 (1969) 43.
4. Howell, D. E.: Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci., 29 (1948) 31.
5. Adamovit, V. M., Hus, M.t Sindjic, M., Dukid, V.; Hrana i ishrana, 11 (1970)
6. Zavon, M. R., Hine, H. C., Parker, E. D.: J.A.M.A., 193 (1965) 181.
7. Watson, M., Benson, W. W., Gabica, J.: Pestic. Monit. J.( 4 (1970) 47.
8. Wyltie, /., Gabica, J., Benson, W. W.: Pestic. Monit. J., 6 (1972) 84.
9. FiSerova-Bergerova, V,, Radomski, J. £., Davtes, J. E., Davies, J. H.: Ind.
Med. Surg., 36 (1967) 65.
10. Adamovic, V. M., Soktt, B., Petrovic, O.: Ernahrungsforschung, 16 (1971)
579.

�306

V. M. ADAMOVIC, BORKA SOKI&lt;;

SaZetak
POJAVA MANJE KUMULACIJE DDT-ja U ABDOMINALNOM
MASNOM TKIVU 2ENA
Autori su naSli znacajno viSu razinu pdlaganja DDT-ja u masnom tkivu muSkaraca nego onorn u zena (srcdnja vrijednost pp'DDE iznosila je 12.8 ppm za
muSkarce odnosno 10.2 ppm za zenc). Usppredujuci izlucivanje organoklornih
insckticida u mlijeku zcna-dojilja s kolicinom DDT-ja uncsenog hranom, izmjerili su znatno viSe eliminiranih rezidua no 5to bi odgovaraio ingestiji insekticida. Isklju£ivSi drugi put apsorpcijc izuzev hranom, autori tumafie tu
pojavu hormonskim ciniocima, tj. povecanom mobilizacijom deponiranih metabolita DDT-ja za vrijcine laktacijskpg razdoblja. Smanjeno odlaganje DDT-ja
u zena bit cc da utje(?.e i na srednje vrijcdnosti deponiranih metabolita za
cjelokupnu populaciju nckog podrucja.
Odjel sanitarne kernije,
Zavod za zaStitu zdravlja Srbije,
Beogmd

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