1 15 18 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 086 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2159 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Washington Post Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 29 1983 Title A name given to the resource $684 Million Dioxin-Contamination Suit is File[d].. Subject The topic of the resource litigation popular press herbicide poisoning Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 086 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2157 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Pesticide & Toxic Chemical News Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 16 1983 Title A name given to the resource $51 Million Suit Filed Against EPA for Inactivity on Dioxin Sites Subject The topic of the resource EPA litigation herbicide poisoning Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 085 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2147 Series The series number of the original item. Series IV Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource True, Bill Margaret Gillerman Charles Bosworth, Jr. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 7 1983 Title A name given to the resource Memorandum and Clipping: Two articles with transmittal memorandum Subject The topic of the resource human exposure herbicide properties litigation popular press https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/1433af7cc366aca0699c8b8f1de90e19.pdf be72678cadb717e6de1865737dd44674 PDF Text Text Item ID Number 01731 Author Corporate Author Roport/Artldo Tltlfl CDC JOUrnal/BOOk TltlB Occupational Health & Safety Letter Year 1984 Month/Day August 22 Color H Number of Images 2 Study Discounts Links Between Agent Orange, Birth Defects Doscrlpton Notes Monday, June 11, 2001 Page 1732 of 1793 �4 Occupational Health & Safety Letter, August 22, 1984 dence. Because of the strengths and weaknesses of the data to be evaluated in the assessment of human risk and the complexity of the problem, case-by-case analysis is most appropriate." INDUSTRY SEEKS MODIFICATION, STAY OF ETHYLENE OXIDE ORDER: The Association of Ethylene Oxide Users has asked OSHA to modify its recent standard for worker exposure to ethylene oxide (EtO) and has petitioned the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia for a stay of the order. The 1 ppm permissible exposure limit and the signs and labels stating that EtO is a cancer and reproductive hazard "cannot be shown to be necessary to eliminate significant risks" and therefore the order should be stayed, it told the court through Washington attorney David H. Larry. In its comments to OSHA, the industry group said its grounds for a modification and stay are based on the failure to justify the need for a short-term exposure limit of 10 ppm for 15 minutes, the inability to demonstrate the need for a PEL of 1 ppm, and the lack of evidence that signs and labels saying EtO is a "cancer hazard and reproductive hazard" are needed. CDC STUDY DISCOUNTS LINKS BETWEEN AGENT ORANGE, BIRTH DEFECTS: To the surprise of few observers, the Centers for Disease Control found that Vietnam veterans generally are no more likely to father children with birth defects than non-veterans as a result of exposure to Agent Orange. Dr. J. David Erickson, who directed the study, wrote in the Journal of the American Medical Association (Aug. 17) that they gained health histories from the parents of a case group of nearly 5,000 babies born with defects and compared them with the histories from parents of a control group of about 3tOOO babies born without defects. Both groups were drawn from all the approximately 325,000 births in Atlanta from 1968 through 1980. The background risk of serious birth defects in the general population is between 2 and 3 percent. "The conclusion that Vietnam veterans in general have not fathered babies with all types of birth defects combined at higher rates than other men is based on relatively strong evidence," Dr. Erickson and colleagues wrote. "In addition, this study does not provide support to the notion that those men who may have been exposed to Agent Orange in Vietnam have had an increased risk of fathering babies with most types of defects. The conclusion regarding the lack of increased risks associated with Agent Orange is based on considerably weaker evidence than the conclusion about Vietnam veterans in general." About 50,000 tons of Agent Orange were used in Vietnam, containing a total of 368 pounds of TCDD. Approximately 2.6 million Americans served in Vietnam. The CDC birth defects study estimated exposure to Agent Orange by interviewing the Vietnam veterans and by studying military records that showed troop movements and spraying missions. It was the second study this year to discount the health effects of Agent Orange on Vietnam veterans. In February the Air Force released initial findings of an ongoing study of 1,200 airmen who sprayed Agent Orange in Vietnam. It found them to be generally in good health but with higher rates of skin cancer, liver disorders and circulatory problems than the general population. It stressed, however, that evidence directly linking these problems to Agent Orange was lacking. A Federal District Court in New York is conducting hearings to determine whether to accept a $180 million out-of-court settlement in a class-action lawsuit by Vietnam veterans exposed to dioxin. Meanwhile, on the basis of the studies by the Air Force and CDC, Sen. Alan Cranston (D-CA) says he will introduce legislation directing the Veterans Administration to develop and evaluate various approaches for providing health care, �Occupational Health 4 Safety Letter, August 22, 1984 5 rehabilitation and compensation to affected children with birth defects. LET US SPRAY — BUT EPA SEEKS GREATER FARMWORKER PROTECTION: EPA plans to expand and strengthen current regulations for protecting farmworkers who use agricultural pesticides. Under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, EPA is responsible for licensing all pesticides to prevent any unreasonable risks and hazards they may pose to the environment and public health, and this responsibility extends to agricultural workers. The proposal is based on a determination that the pesticide farmworker protection standards adopted in 1974 do not adequately reflect the latest information on the potential adverse effects of pesticide exposure. The changes would expand the current regulations to set safe work practices for categories of workers not currently covered. These include mixers, loaders and applicators of pesticides. The current standards are limited to field workers who perform hand labor after fields have been sprayed with pesticides. The regulations would require employers to provide training, supervision, personal protective equipment, emergency medical attention and other protective measures for their employees. The agency also intends to revise the time intervals required before workers can reenter a field after certain pesticides have been applied, and is considering setting a minimum 24-hour reentry interval for the most hazardous category of pesticides (toxicity 1 category). Certain exemptions may be considered for non-hazardous uses, and longer intervals may be required for certain pesticides. The protective clothing requirements for field workers may also be revised to include gloves or other equipment for workers performing tasks prior to expiration of reentry intervals to reduce exposure to freshly sprayed fields. The current standard requires that workers be warned before they begin working in a field treated or to be treated with certain pesticides. The employers now have the option of giving the warnings orally or by posting warning signs at points of entry to the field. EPA is considering revisions to those requirements and will address whether, in addition to oral warnings, the posting of fields should remain optional or be required. The person or persons responsible for communicatring warnings may also be specified, the agency said. All comments should be submitted within 45 days to Environmental Protection Agency, Program Management and Support Division (TS-767C), Office of Pesticide Programs, 401 M St. S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460. EX-EMPLOYEE WINS SUIT UNDER STATE RIGHT-TO-KNOW LAW: A pregnant woman who refused to work with toxic chemicals unless given information about them has won a lawsuit against an optical company under New York State's four-year-old right-to-know law. It is understood to be the first time an employer has been cited under the state law, which requires that employers respond within 72 hours to an employee's request for information about workplace hazards and that an employee need not work with the chemicals if a reply is not received. Instead, the former employee, Kathryn Stellecht, contended she was fired from her job as a laboratory technician at Resin Optics, Inc., of Elma, N.Y., a suburb of Buffalo. She was represented by the office of the State Attorney General, Robert Abrams, who commented that the case "vindicates the right of workers to demand information about toxic chemicals in the workplace and to receive training that will prevent any injuries." The ruling by the State Supreme Court opened the way for Mrs. Stellecht to collect back wages, court expenses and possibly be reinstated. She had sought � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 064 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1731 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries III Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Occupational Health & Safety Letter Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 22 1984 Title A name given to the resource CDC Study Discounts Links Between Agent Orange, Birth Defects Subject The topic of the resource CDC Birth Defects Study compensation litigation ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 079 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2051 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Title A name given to the resource Australian Newspaper Clippings on Australian Royal Commission Hearings, September 1984. Subject The topic of the resource Australian Royal Commission Hearings popular press Air Force Health Study litigation ao_seriesIII https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/834d13e8d0b8515beea97cdb97e7b972.pdf 02001f7f077009ca78c304fa6f251ae1 PDF Text Text Item D Number 02049 Author Corporate Author Report/Article Title Typescript: Agent Orange Hearing, August 24, 1984 Journal/Book Title Year 000 ° Month/Day Color Q Number of (mages 8 DeSCrtatOU NotBS Summary of the Agent Orange Settlement Fairness hearings in San Francisco in Friday, 24 August 1984. Typescript accompanied by a slip saying, "With the Compliments of the Embassy of Australia, (J. Grinberg), Second Secretary" 6 September 1984. Tuesday, August 07, 2001 Page 2049 of 2084 �WASHINGTON. D. C. 6 September 1984 of tie (J. GRINBERG) Second Secretary �AGENT ORANGE HEARING Six A u s t r a l i a n s appeared before U.S. J u d g e J a c k W e i n s t e i n at the Agent Orange S e t t l e m e n t F a i r n e s s H e a r i n g s in San F r a n c i s c o on F r i d a y , 24 August, 1984. 2. A p p e a r i n g were Mr. W i l l i a m T. M c M i l l a n , B a r r i s t e r of Brisbane; Mr. Ross Lonney, B a r r i s t e r of Perth; Mrs Stephen Ramsay (June), m e m b e r of the V i e t n a m Veterans' F a m i l y A s s o c i a t i o n , Perth; Mr. Monty Hollow, S o l i c i t o r and Secretary of the TPI A s s o c i a t i o n of V i c t o r i a ; Mr. B a r r i e O'Keefe, QC, Sydney; and Mr. M i c h a e l Bigg, S o l i c i t o r of Brisbane. 3. The A u s t r a l i a n s commenced t h e i r submissions to the J u d g e at 8pm and concluded at 11pm and were g i v e n a very f a i r h e a r i n g . The judge allowed each of the witnesses to put forward all the m a t e r i a l they w i s h e d and said t h a t he was prepared to sit all n i g h t r a t h e r than m a k e them rush t h e i r submissions. 4. Mr. M c M i l l a n told J u d g e W e i n s t e i n he had been i n v o l v e d in the Agent Orange Class A c t i o n case since 1980. He gave the b a c k g r o u n d on how A u s t r a l i a n troops served at Da Nang w h i c h he said had been h e a v i l y sprayed w i t h d e f o l i a n t and he referred to the e v i d e n c e of numerous members of the A u s t r a l i a n forces saying they had gone t h r o u g h d e f o l i a t i o n areas. M c M i l l a n e x p l a i n e d the operation of law in A u s t r a l i a and the background of the R e p a t r i a t i o n Act. He gave d e t a i l s of A u s t r a l i a n s serving in World War I, W o r l d War II, M a l a y a , Korea, Borneo (during Confrontation) and then V i e t n a m . His evidence covered background on the RSL lobbying for e x t r a benefits and a p p e a l p r o v i s i o n s of the R e p a t r i a t i o n Act. Mr M c M i l l a n went on to o u t l i n e what he t e r m e d the "Nancy Law" case. He also mentioned the case of "Widow Simpson" and its i m p l i c a t i o n s . 5. M c M i l l a n told the judge that A u s t r a l i a n veterans were s t i l l b a t t l i n g for r e c o g n i t i o n and were upset and annoyed at not b e i n g a b l e to get a n y w h e r e in the c h e m i c a l actions. He said the R e p a t r i a t i o n Board took a n e g a t i v e v i e w w h i c h was not consistent w i t h veterans' r i g h t s . W h i l e there were a m e n d m e n t s i n t h e w i n d , these would have to a w a i t the r e s u l t of the E v a t t R o y a l C o m m i s s i o n . Mr. M c M i l l a n gave the court d e t a i l s of A u s t r a l i a ' s v a r i o u s m e d i c a l schemes a n d coverage w h i c h veterans could r e c e i v e under pension arrangements. Included was an o u t l i n e of the new m e d i c a r e scheme and options v e t e r a n s had under t h a t scheme. He e x p l a i n e d the operation of the V i e t n a m Veterans' Counselling Service. Mr. M c M i l l a n referred to the Pearson C o m m i s s i o n w h i c h he said had i d e n t i f i e d that 86% of c l a i m s were settled before going to court and that 90% of those going to court were settled before t r i a l . �-26. M c M i l l a n compared the Agent O r a n g e case w i t h the T h a l i d o m i d e H e a r i n g s of the 1960s, saying t h a t the t i m e frames a f f e c t i n g offspring were s i m i t a r . O t h e r s i m i l a r i t i e s i n c l u d e d c h i l d r e n b e i n g born deformed. He said in both cases s c i e n t i f i c e v i d e n c e could not be b r o u g h t forward to prove the cause, but the c o m p a n i e s i n v o l v e d s t i l l settled. M r . M c M i l l a n said t h e Agent Orange case was s i m i l a r and t h a t the s e t t l e m e n t f o r m u l a of 40% in the T h a l i d o m i d e case m i g h t be a p p r o p r i a t e as a bench mark. He e x p l a i n e d Dr. W i l l i a m M c B r i d e ' s work in A u s t r a l i a w h i c h led to the T h a l i d o m i d e h e a r i n g s and t h i s p r o m p t e d a d i s c u s s i o n w i t h the J u d g e on w h e t h e r the A u s t r a l i a n s e t t l e m e n t money m i g h t a p p r o p r i a t e l y be d i s t r i b u t e d by a s i m i l a r foundation to the one that Mr. M c B r i d e had set up in the T h a l i d o m i d e case (Foundation 41) and w h e t h e r Dr. M c B r i d e m i g h t be a b l e to assist in t h i s instance. 7. M c M i l l a n touched on what A u s t r a l i a n v e t e r a n s t h o u g h t of the settlement, saying that the NT Veterans' A s s o c i a t i o n was the only group that had formerly met to discuss the settlement. It had i n d i c a t e d total o p p o s i t i o n to settlement. He said there were g e n e r a l l y three points w h i c h concerned the veterans: 1. Nobody was a b l e to estimate the amount of money that should be d i s t r i b u t e d to A u s t r a l i a n veterans; 2. The settlement was a sell out; and 3. Veterans did not want money, but instead wanted a court hearing of the charges against the c h e m i c a l companies, so the matter was not hushed up. 8. M c M i l l a n said that other reactions were that in agreeing to a settlement w i t h o u t b r i n g i n g the companies before the jury was "letting them off too cheaply". 9. Judge W e i n s t e i n suggested the figure a v a i l a b l e for A u s t r a l i a n veterans would be in the v i c i n i t y of $1)83,600,000 (although later in the H e a r i n g he made it c l e a r that t h i s f i g u r e was not a f i n a l one. This only could be worked out when a d e f i n i t e f o r m u l a was accepted, and a l l s u b m i s s i o n s made. The f i g u r e was based on a percentage rate of 2 per cent.) 10. D u r i n g t h i s portion of M c M i l l a n ' s evidence, J u d g e W e i n s t e i n spoke about his c o n v i c t i o n that the A u s t r a l i a n s would have to come up w i t h a method for d i s t r i b u t i o n and repeatedly said that he saw his court passing over a cheque for the f i n a l f i g u r e to an i n d i v i d u a l or an o r g a n i s a t i o n in A u s t r a l i a who would then a d m i n i s t e r its d i s t r i b u t i o n to veterans. Judge W e i n s t e i n said it would be very d i f f i c u l t to assess w h e t h e r A u s t r a l i a and New Zealand troops, because of t h e i r l o c a t i o n at Da Nang, had �c a r r i e d a h e a v i e r burden in contact w i t h Agent Orange. At t h i s stage he did not t h i n k his court could do a n y t h i n g about o r g a n i s i n g t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e A u s t r a l i a n settlement f i g u r e to A u s t r a l i a n veterans. "It would appear preferable/." he said, "to take a l u m p sum and g i v e it to your court system for d i s t r i b u t i o n . If t h i s is not a c c e p t a b l e , the other way would be to g i v e it to a respected group or i n d i v i d u a l who could a d m i n i s t e r the d i s t r i b u t i o n of the s e t t l e m e n t funds. That seems to be a s u b s t a n t i a l issue here." M c M i l l a n asked the J u d g e w h e t h e r the court would accept h a n d i n g over the s e t t l e m e n t funds to a n . i n d i v i d u a I such as M c B r i d e . To t h i s the J u d g e r e p l i e d that the system he would prefer was the drawing of one single cheque for a settlement sum for the A u s t r a l i a n s and sending it to one person or group to enable them to d e v i s e d i s t r i b u t i o n methods. He said it was not a p p r o p r i a t e for his court to d e c i d e w h i c h v e t e r a n s in A u s t r a l i a should r e c e i v e money and it would be h e l p f u l if all the A u s t r a l i a n s present at the h e a r i n g addressed t h e i r t h o u g h t s to t h a t s p e c i a l p r o b l e m of a f a i r method of allocating funds to veterans. He said he would l i k e to ensure t h a t whatever d i s t r i b u t i o n method was agreed upon, it did not i n v o l v e lawyers because t h e i r fees would d i m i n i s h the amount a v a i l a b l e to the veterans. Judge W e i n s t e i n said that the question of Attorney's fees for those a t t e n d i n g t h i s court h e a r i n g was a separate p r o b l e m and legal representatives were being asked to make t h e i r own submissions separately on t h i s matter. On the question of t i m i n g , Judge W e i n s t e i n said that assuming settlement was approved, he would expect the money to be paid to someone in A u s t r a l i a by the next n o r t h e r n Spring. Consideration would be g i v e n to i n c l u d i n g interest monies between now and then. 11. Mr. Ross Lonney said he had been involved in the Agent Orange action since 1979. Lonney said he was now C o u n c i l for v a r i o u s veterans based in Perth, Western A u s t r a l i a w i t h a s p r i n k l i n g of c l i e n t s elsewhere in A u s t r a l i a . The b a c k g r o u n d of his i n v o l v e m e n t dated to a m e e t i n g in Western A u s t r a l i a of veterans. He had since taken i n s t r u c t i o n s from 400 f a m i l i e s . The cases were so s i m i l a r that e a c h i n v o l v e d only about a 10-minute i n t e r v i e w to d e t e r m i n e j u s t i f i a b l e c l a i m s . Lonney said that most veterans and t h e i r f a m i l i e s did not want money, but wanted recognition. Most had found there had been a major b l o c k a d e of t h e i r c l a i m s and t h e i r reaction to settlement was that it was inadequate. Lonney e x p l a i n e d how the V i e t n a m Veterans' F a m i l y A s s o c i a t i o n of Western A u s t r a l i a had been formed and how it later a f f i l i a t e d w i t h the V i e t n a m Veterans' A s s o c i a t i o n of A u s t r a l i a . As w e l l as his n o r m a l V i e t n a m veteran clients, Lonney said he had a "one day brief" from 2000 c l a i m a n t s . Lonney said w h i l e he accepted Judge W e i n s t e i n ' s �-4s e t t l e m e n t proposals, his c l i e n t s , who did not understand the l e g a l d i f f i c u l t i e s , had a d i f f e r e n t a t t i t u d e . They saw the case only in terms of w h e t h e r there was enough money. They wanted to get the c h e m i c a l c o m p a n i e s before the Court and to h a v e e v i d e n c e produced to show "what the c h e m i c a l s did". Lonney said of his 400 Western A u s t r a l i a c l i e n t s , 90 had i n s t r u c t e d him to a c c e p t settlement, ten were opposed to it and 300 had made no comment. Lonney said t h e r e had been no comment from A u s t r a l i a ' s n a t i o n a l s e r v i c e o r g a n i s a t i o n s , other than that they were prepared to d i s s e m i n a t e i n f o r m a t i o n on the s e t t l e m e n t to the 4,500 veterans in Western A u s t r a l i a . Lonney said he would expect about 2000 c l a i m s by veterans from Western A u s t r a l i a . He had been told on Thursday n i g h t that there were p r e s e n t l y 17 000 c l a i m s before the Department of Veterans A f f a i r s in A u s t r a l i a . At the conclusion of Lonney's e v i d e n c e Judge W e i n s t e i n said he did not know enough about the A u s t r a l i a n law or its systems to be a b l e to i n t e r p r e t the c l a i m s , or e v a l u a t e them, for A u s t r a l i a n veterans. In the case of A m e r i c a n s , the Judge said he was in a position to m a k e his d e c i s i o n w i t h speed and certainty. It was for t h i s reason, he said, that he would prefer a s i n g l e cheque be drawn up and held for whatever plan is proposed for d i s p e r s a l of the A u s t r a l i a n share of the settlement. He said he would prefer not to hear from any A u s t r a l i a n V i e t n a m veterans as he did not know enough about the A u s t r a l i a n or New Zealand i n v o l v e m e n t to make a sound judgement. "I am unable," he said, "to integrate bits and pieces and therefore I would prefer t h a t you (the A u s t r a l i a n legal representatives at the San F r a n c i s c o hearing) should have the burden of coming forward w i t h a p l a n on dispersal." 12. Mrs. Stephen Ramsay told J u d g e W e i n s t e i n that she had d e c i d e d 21 days ago to fly to San F r a n c i s c o for the hearings. She gave background to the e s t a b l i s h m e n t of the V i e t n a m Veterans' F a m i l y A s s o c i a t i o n w h i c h she said had a c h i e v e d its aim to get the V i e t n a m veterans to t a l k about t h e i r problems. From the b e g i n n i n g when they were reluctant to speak out, there was now a R o y a l C o m m i s s i o n in A u s t r a l i a and the Class A c t i o n in the U n i t e d States and the v e t e r a n s were "speaking out for themselves". She gave e v i d e n c e on how her d e n t a l t e c h n i c i a n husband had been affected by the V i e t n a m e x p e r i e n c e w h i c h was not just post war stress, but was l i n k e d to the effects of Agent Orange. Problems such as these had tremendous consequences on the f a m i l i e s of all V i e t n a m veterans. W h a t the veterans wanted was recognition. Mrs. Ramsay said t h a t no money could compensate for the loss of loved ones or m a r r i a g e break-ups. She was here to ask for justice and now that she had been able to g i v e e v i d e n c e to the Court, she would be a b l e to go home w i t h a w a r m heart. At the conclusion of her evidence, J u d g e W e i n s t e i n said the court was very a p p r e c i a t i v e of Mrs. Ramsay's efforts and the burden she had u n d e r t a k e n in �-5c o m i n g to San F r a n c i s c o . "We h a v e shared the b u r d e n of war," J u d g e W e i n s t e i n said, "and now we must share the b u r d e n of peace." The J u d g e said that Mrs. Ramsay's work had o b v i o u s l y L i g h t e n e d the b u r d e n of many V i e t n a m veterans. 13. Mr. Monty H o l l o w g a v e e v i d e n c e before J u d g e W e i n s t e i n t h a t he had become i n v o l v e d in the Agent Orange case in 1979. Mr. H o l l o w said he was pleased to be able to g i v e e v i d e n c e before the court, but it should be r e m e m b e r e d that he was just a suburban s o l i c i t o r and not a t r i a l court orator. He said that J u d g e , W e i n s t e i n had a f o r m i d a b l e record and was noted for his a b i l i t y to deal w i t h c o m p l e x cases. This brought a response from the J u d g e who joked about the conclusions of the Agent Orange case and his future r e c o g n i t i o n in connection w i t h c o m p l e x cases. Mr. H o l l o w said the A u s t r a l i a n s sought j u s t i c e and recognition. He gave d e t a i l s of i n d i v i d u a l cases and his e v i d e n c e at t i m e s was e m o t i o n a l (at one stage he c h a r g e d t h a t the United States and A u s t r a l i a had come very close to c o m m i t t i n g w a r c r i m e s i n Vietnam, said t h a t corporate A m e r i c a s t i l l had m u c h to answer for, described the Agent Orange case as the most s i g n i f i c a n t Hearing in the Western world since the N u r e m b e r g T r i a l s and c l a i m e d that the Dow Company was being let off the hook). Mr. Hollow said the V i e t n a m veterans had the same major problem he had and that was no funds and t h i s was the reason many of the A u s t r a l i a n veterans had not appeared before the court. They had been told not to get involved because costs would probably go against them. Mr. H o l l o w disagreed w i t h Judge W e i n s t e i n on w h a t he said was the " p a r t i t i o n i n g off" of the A u s t r a l i a n c l a i m s (he was r e f e r r i n g to the Judge's comments on d i s t r i b u t i o n of the A u s t r a l i a n share of the settlement). H o l l o w said t h i s would b r i n g about a dispute of the c r e d i b i l i t y of the A m e r i c a n Court system and told the Judge that "Pontios P i l a t e could wash his hands, but the Judge could not". Mr. Hollow said that the A u s t r a l i a n people b e l i e v e d that justice would be meted out at the A m e r i c a n t r i a l and that a lot of f a i t h was being placed by A u s t r a l i a n s on the A m e r i c a n j u d i c i a l system. It was b e l i e v e d that t h i s was the only p l a c e w h e r e j u s t i c e would be done in the Agent Orange m a t t e r and that j u s t i c e would be c a r r i e d out no m a t t e r how big the company. Mr. Hollow said the Dow Company was worth at least $US5 000 m i l l i o n and had u n l i m i t e d funds to f i g h t the Agent Orange case. He said it was being quoted that the lawyers for the company were l a u g h i n g that they got t h e i r settlement for ten cents in the d o l l a r . He questioned the adequacy of the settlement in v i e w of the enormous p r o f i t a b i l i t y and resources of the defendent. He pointed out that from the t i m e of the end of the V i e t n a m c o n f l i c t a s i n g l e investment of SUS40 m i l l i o n would have earned the company enough interest to fund the $US181 settlement. He �-6noted t h a t the Dow Company had spent somewhere in the v i c i n i t y of SUS55 m i l l i o n in its defense w h i c h showed the inadequacy of the s e t t l e m e n t figure. The company, he said, w o u l d c l a i m t h i s SUS70 m i l l i o n and the $1)5181 m i l l i o n s e t t l e m e n t as tax losses. The r e a l question was the company's c a p a c i t y to pay, Mr. H o l l o w said. Mr. H o l l o w compared e x a m p l e s of h a n d i c a p s a f f e c t i n g the f a m i l i e s of V i e t n a m veterans and those people affected by motor v e h i c l e and i n d u s t r i a l accidents. The latter would r e c e i v e s u b s t a n t i a l damages for the sorts of i n j u r i e s c o m p a r a b l e w i t h the veterans' f a m i l i e s . There had been m u c h said about how m u c h i n d i v i d u a l veterans could expect to r e c e i v e ranging from as Low as SUS211 per i n d i v i d u a l to $US1,500 in some cases w i t h the h i g h being an e s t i m a t e d $US40,000. Mr. H o l l o w referred to a l e t t e r he had r e c e i v e d from the P r i m e M i n i s t e r of A u s t r a l i a , r e f e r r i n g to the V i e t n a m veterans' p r o b l e m s w i t h Agent Orange in w h i c h the P r i m e M i n i s t e r said t h a t one of the m a i n p r o b l e m s was the L a c k of s p e c i f i c e v i d e n c e on the effects of exposure. He said the P r i m e M i n i s t e r ' s letter referred to the p o s s i b i l i t y that the veterans' few needs would not be met by the r e p a t r i a t i o n system. D i s c u s s i n g how the settlement d i s t r i b u t i o n could be handled Mr. H o l l o w referred to the P r i m e M i n i s t e r ' s economic/ i n d u s t r i a l consensus agreement. He e x p l a i n e d how c o n f l i c t i n g sides in A u s t r a l i a had been d i r e c t e d t h r o u g h consensus to a course of action and said that it was s t i l l possible for discussions w i t h c h e m i c a l companies i n v o l v e d in the Agent Orange case to see w h e t h e r t h i s sort of solution could be used to h e l p the V i e t n a m veterans of the future. At the c o n c l u s i o n of the last of Mr. Hollow's evidence, Judge W e i n s t e i n said he t h o u g h t Mr. Hollow had been most eloquent and when the Melbourne s o l i c i t o r suggested he was t a k i n g up too m u c h of the court's time, the Judge said: "you could speak a l l n i g h t if you L i k e , I'll be happy to hear you." Mr. Hollow said he would not speak all night, but would l i k e to refer to a s p e c i f i c case, that of Barry K e l l y who served in V i e t n a m from October 1964 and saw spray f a l l i n g on h i m s e l f and colleagues w h i c h was Agent Orange. D u r i n g his d e s c r i p t i o n of p h y s i c a l defects in the subsequent K e l l y c h i l d r e n and a c l a i m that Kelly's wife suffered cancer of the c e r v i x as a result, J u d g e W e i n s t e i n c l a s h e d w i t h Mr. H o l l o w after a s k i n g w h a t e v i d e n c e e x i s t e d t h a t Agent Orange at any t i m e had caused c a n c e r of the c e r v i x . The Judge said that it was essential to the case that if you cannot e s t a b l i s h a cause of a deformity or p h y s i c a l problem, that there was no case. "That is why we are looking at a sett lement... there is just no e v i d e n c e of Agent Orange causing cancer of the cervix," he said. Judge W e i n s t e i n said he would not c r e d i t Mr. Hollow's c l a i m that the c h e m i c a l company had u n l i m i t e d funds to f i g h t its case. He said everyone was f u l l y aware of what e v i d e n c e existed and the settlement agreement was b e i n g proposed even though the p l a i n t i f f ' s case was not as adequate as that of the defense. �-7The J u d g e pointed out t h a t there was no e v i d e n c e to i n d i c a t e any v a r i a t i o n of s c i e n t i f i c proof a v a i l a b l e in A u s t r a l i a to that a v a i l a b l e in A m e r i c a . The A u s t r a l i a n e v i d e n c e did not show any clearer, c a u s a l i t y , t h a n did the A m e r i c a n evidence." If there is no c a u s a t i o n e v i d e n c e then any f i g u r e above zero p a i d to the V i e t n a m veterans is q u i t e u n a c c e p t a b l e to the defendant." J u d g e W e i n s t e i n said. He added t h a t had the Agent Orange case gone before a court in England or A u s t r a l i a , there was no doubt t h a t under those l e g a l systems, it would have resulted in d i s m i s s a l w i t h a ruling of substantial costs against the plaintiff. He understood the p o s i t i o n Mr. Hollow was arguing, but did not accept the i m p l i e d c r i t i c i s m of the amount of the settlement. 14. Mr. Barry O'Keefe, QC, said that s i n c e J u l y 1983 he had been i n v o l v e d in the Agent Orange R o y a l Commission. He gave J u d g e W e i n s t e i n background on the R o y a l C o m m i s s i o n and told the J u d g e that the C o m m i s s i o n would be v i s i t i n g the United States to hold H e a r i n g s in late September. O'Keefe undertook to convey an i n v i t a t i o n from the Judge to the Royal C o m m i s s i o n e r to meet w i t h him in New York. Mr. O'Keefe on the request of Judge Weinstein undertook to make a v a i l a b l e to the Judge a copy of the f i n a l Royal C o m m i s s i o n report when it was published. He corrected e a r l i e r evidence g i v e n at the San F r a n c i s c o Hearing that the A u s t r a l i a n Royal C o m m i s s i o n had laughed at evidence p r o v i d e d in a study quoted in the court h e a r i n g . He said that the Royal C o m m i s s i o n had g i v e n the study serious consideration. Mr. O'Keefe said he would l i k e to c o n f i r m that there was no data in A u s t r a l i a on c a u s a l i t y that c o n f l i c t e d w i t h or was any stronger than any evidence of c a u s a l i t y presented at the United States Hearings. 15. Mr. M i c h a e l B i g g said he only wished to m a k e a s u b m i s s i o n on one point and that was the d i f f i c u l t y that had occured in n o t i f y i n g veterans in A u s t r a l i a of the Agent Orange settlement, the Fairness Court Hearings and the need to loge c l a i m s . B i g g said h e - w i s h e d to m a k e the Court aware that there was c o n s i d e r a b l e delay in getting notices out in A u s t r a l i a to inform veterans. At the c o n c l u s i o n of Mr. Bigg's evidence, Mr. H o l l o w asked to be reheard and said that he had one a d d i t i o n a l p o i n t he would l i k e to make. This was that there was much c r i t i c i s m in A u s t r a l i a of the R o y a l C o m m i s s i o n and its i n a c c e s s i b i l i t y to people w i s h i n g to p l a c e evidence before it. Mr. H o l l o w said as both a s o l i c i t o r from V i c t o r i a and a secretary from the TPI A s s o c i a t i o n he had been refused leave to appear before the Royal C o m m i s s i o n and t h i s was something he wanted Judge W e i n s t e i n to know. 16. The above s u m m a r y is p a r a p h r a s e d and should be used for i n f o r m a t i o n only. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 079 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2049 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Typescript: Agent Orange Hearing, August 24, 1984 Subject The topic of the resource Australian veterans compensation litigation ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 079 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2045 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Title A name given to the resource Clippings on Agent Orange Settlement, September and November 1984. Subject The topic of the resource Agent Orange controversy popular press compensation litigation ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 079 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2044 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Title A name given to the resource Australian Newspaper Clippings on Australian Royal Commission Hearings, August 1984. Subject The topic of the resource Australian Royal Commission Hearings popular press compensation litigation ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 079 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2032 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Title A name given to the resource Australian Newspaper Clippings on Agent Orange, September - October 1984. Subject The topic of the resource Australian Royal Commission Hearings popular press Agent Orange controversy litigation ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 079 Folder The folder containing the original item. 2031 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1984 Title A name given to the resource Australian Newspaper Clippings on Australian Royal Commission Hearings, May - June 1984. Subject The topic of the resource Australian Royal Commission Hearings popular press Agent Orange controversy litigation ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 070 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1886 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Worldwide Report, Environmental Quality Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 11 1981 Title A name given to the resource Newspaper Articles relating to the Agent Orange Controversy in New Zealand Subject The topic of the resource Australian veterans compensation litigation ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 070 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1876 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Daily Press (Utica) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 29 1980 Title A name given to the resource Clipping: Australians File Agent Orange Suit Subject The topic of the resource litigation Dow Chemical Company ao_seriesIII https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/94998d48d88e24e967200484d51a035b.pdf ce9a6592ff0870db529e68b404556a5b PDF Text Text Item ID Number 01493 Author Youn 9>A L Corporato Author Roport/Artldo TitlO Typescript: Chapter 1: Agent Orange at the Crossroads of Science and Social Concerns, Introduction Journal/Book Title Yoar 000 ° Month/Day Color [l Number of Images e DOSCrlptOI) NOtBS This manuscript is a draft version of a chapter or section from the following book: Agent Orange and its Associated Dioxin: Assessment of a Controversy. Young, A. L. and G. M. Reggiani, eds. New York: Elsevier, 1988. This book is available in the NAL collection, call no.: RA1242 T44 A3. This item gives a good overview of the Agent Orange Controversy and the political issues around it. Tuesday, May 15, 2001 Page 1493 of 1514 �CHAPTER 1 "AGENT ORANGE AT THE CROSSROADS OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL CONCERNS" INTRODUCTION A. L. Young and G. Reggiani For almost two decades, the United States has been involved in controversy over its tactical use of herbicides in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam Conflict. The controversy centered first on the actual employment of herbicides in South Vietnam, then on the safe disposal of surplus herbicide following the Conflict, and lastly whether herbicides were responsible for health problems reported among Vietnam veterans. The use of chemicals (herbicides) to control vegetation has been one of the most controversial subjects arising from the Vietnam Conflict. The United States Air Force applied most of these herbicides in jungle areas to clear vegetation from the perimeters of military bases and camps, along lines of communication, and in enemy staging areas. The objective was to provide defoliated zones that would reduce ambushes and disrupt enemy tactics. The most commonly used "defoliant" was "Agent Orange", a mixture of two commercial herbicides widely employed for a number of years in brush control programs throughout the United States and other countries. During a five-year period from 1965 to 1970, the United States Air Force applied more than 42 million liters of Agent Orange in South Vietnam, and some 2.5 million military personnel from the �- 2- United States, Australia, New Zealand, and South Korea served one-year tours during the same period. Beginning in 1978, many veterans of that era have reported medical problems that they believed stemmed from exposure to Agent Orange during their military assignements. Their complaints have ranged from tingling in the extremities to rare forms of cancer. Some veterans had fathered children with birth defects. But overwhelming scientific data on the toxicology of chemical components in Agent Orange do not substantiate these claims. Nevertheless, the news media has given intense sympathetic coverage to the veterans and their medical complaints. In the meantime, the governments of the United States and Australia have mobilized the massive resources of their federal agencies to conduct multimillion dollar, long-term studies of military personnel allegedly exposed to herbicides in South Vietnam from 1962 to 1970. The issue is whether actual or perceived health problems stem from herbicide exposure or whether other factors drive the controversy. Two key questions must be considered in reviewing present concerns over Agent Orange. First, why did the Agent Orange issue surface 10 years after it was used in Vietnam? Second, what criteria can be used to insure an objective analysis of such a complex, controversial, and politically sensitive subject? One answer to the first question may be that presumed health effects from exposure to the herbicide did not appear, or at least, were not diagnosed among Vietnam veterans until late in the 1970's. Another possible answer is that the general public and Congress only lately recognized the concerns of Vietnam veterans, and Agent Orange is only a vehicle to focus those concerns. Certainly, the acrimony and bitterness over involvement in Vietnam drove most Americans to repress memories of that war. As a result, they have tended either to ignore veterans of the Vietnam era or to relegate to a lesser status than veterans of other wars. Certainly the longing for respectability of Vietnam �- 3 - veterans have coincided with increasing American and world-wide interest in health and environmental issues. Thus, the controversy surrounding Agent Orange has surfaced primarily because it involves the veterans and herbicides, both of which have been the center of controversy since they were employed in Vietnam. Much of the controversy concerning Agent Orange is attributable to concern over its toxic dioxin contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). A large volume of toxicological data on 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), the two herbicides in Agent Orange, were available during the final years of United States involvment in Vietnam, but woefully inadequate toxicological and environmental data on TCDD precluded resolution of the issues. Although scientists recognized that TCDD was acutely toxic and teratogenic (birth deforming) in laboratory animals, no studies were available on the effects of chronic longterm, low-level exposure in lower mammalian species. Furthermore, numerous occupational exposures to TCDD were reported during the industrial production of trichlorophenol, but. human epiderniologic studies were not available despite documented exposure as early as 1949. To further complicate the Agent Orange controversy, during the 1970s a number of major chemical episodes occurred that fueled the issues. In July 1976, the Seveso Accident occurred wherein a small Italian community became contaminated with TCDD as a consequence of an accidental release of reactor products from the synthesis of trichlorophenol. The following years, the controversy surrounding the Love Canal made front page news throughout the United States and Europe. This was subsequently followed by the evacuation of Times Beach, Missouri, as a result of the dioxin contamination from the improper disposition of chemical wastes. �- 4- All of these episodes, conbined with the regulatory response of the United States Federal Agencies resulted in further commitment of national and state resources to adress the human and environmental impact of dipxin and the phenoxy herbicides. The scientific resolution of the Agent Orange controversy presumable rests with the results of human epidemiologic studies assessing the long-term effects of exposure to TCDD and whether the veterans' complaints are consistent with the data. Of course, one major as sumption would necessarly be that military personnel reporting health effects were, in fact, exposed to Agent Orange and, hence, to TCDD during their tours in Vietnam. Regardless of any reported health effects, a valid study must include examination of all facets of the controversy. This requirement poses a dilemma in any attempt to answer the second question because objective analysis depends on such an examination, but there are simply no models available for analyzing environmental health issues. In a subsequent chapter of this book, Young, proposes that the examination of environmental crises involving other chemicals can provide a useful parallel for analyzing the Agent Orange controversy. Accordingly, he suggests that there are a series of events that describe the nature of "quality of life" controversies and that these are predictable events. Hence, the chapters and topics of this book are intended to elucidate such characteristics as adequacy of the scientific data and assessement of the political, social and legal issues of the Agent Orange Controversy. It is appropriate that we adress these components of the controversy at this time because much, if not most, of the information necessary to make informed judgements is now available. In addition, certain actions of the courts in the United States, Italy, and Australia, have taken action that have a significant impact on the final outcome of the controversy. �- 5- On May 9, 1985 the district court for the Eastern District of New York rendered the final judgement on the largest class action lawsuit in American legal history, i.e., the Agent Orange product liability litigation. The central issue of the case was "the ability of the plaintiffs to demonstrate the necessary causal connection between the exposure of the veterans to Agent Orange and the subsequent development of a variety of ailments". In the final judgement it was concluded that the incidence provided by the plaintiffs "lacks sufficient probative force, except in the case of chloracne, to permit a finding of general causality". On July 31st, 1985 the Australian Royal Commission on the use and effects of chemical agents on Autralian personnel in Vietnam, presented its final report of inquiry to the Governor General. The report concluded that neither Agent Orange nor the chemical agents used to defoliate battle zones in Vietnam have any causal connection with the ailments of the Australian Vietnam veterans. At about the same time (May 1985) the Court of Appeal of Milan, Italy, revised the first judgement on the defendants in the Seveso case largely accepting their claims and the International Steering Committee for the study of the effects on health of the Seveso accident concluded its work stating that "nearly 8 years after the accident in Seveso it has become obvious that besides chloracne in a very small group of children, no adverse health effects related to the chemical produced by the accident have been oberwed". These events prompted us to ask the question whether the outcome of the judiciary assessements of the Agent Orange issues and the conclusions of the International Advisory Committee steering the health surveys of the Seveso population exposed to dioxin could be taken as a landmark also for the other aspects of the same issue, i.e., the medical and scientific, the social and political issues associated with it. �- 6- We thought may be the time had arrived for trying to come to a conclusion of a controversy which has been at the center of concern of million of people and of the governments of several nations of the western world, beside having affected and changed the course of our personal life for more than 10 years. Hence we readily accepted and greatly appreciated the offer of the Toxicology Forum to present an assessement of the controversial issues related to Agent Orange and Dioxin in the light of our present knowledge at the Summer Meeting in Aspen, July 1985 and at the Winter Meeting in Washington in February 1986. We are aware of the difficulties of the task which we have set for us. In our quest of truth we have approached the issue of the Agent Orange controversy and its association with Dioxin with hunrilty, conscious of the impact it has on human lives. However we tried to remain faithful 1 to the rules of the scientific tradition of research that requires unequivocal proof of cause and effect relationship in its experimental models. In the choice of the contributors we have looked not only for professional competence but also for qualities such as reason, logic and objectivity. We trust that all of us as well as the selected audience of the Toxicology Forum which discussed the presentations have been accurate and unbiased. The future will tell whether in fact the conclusions of the New York district court and of the Royal Commission of Inquiry mark the end of the Agent Orange controversy. It is our fervent hope for all concerned that this will be the case. However already now we would like to acknowledge the help, advice, and support we have received from so many scientists and scholars. Without their suggestions, their sympathy, their goodwill and competence we would not have been, able to put togheter an adequate account of the Agent Orange controversy. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 056 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1493 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Young, Alvin L. G. Reggiani Title A name given to the resource Typescript: Chapter 1: Agent Orange at the Crossroads of Science and Social Concerns, Introduction Subject The topic of the resource Agent Orange Controversy dioxin litigation ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 038 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0847 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lacey, Pamela Vincent A. Lacey Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Journal of Legal Medicine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982 Title A name given to the resource Agent Orange: Government Responsibility for the Military Use of Phenoxy Herbicides Subject The topic of the resource Ranch Hand dioxin legislation litigation ao_seriesIII Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young. For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 034 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0692 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gunby, Phil Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Journal of the American Medical Association Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 6 1979 Title A name given to the resource Dispute Over Some Herbicides Rages in Wake of Agent Orange Subject The topic of the resource EPA litigation health studies ao_seriesIII