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&lt;p&gt;For more about this collection, &lt;a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a"&gt;view the Agent Orange Exhibit.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;For more about this collection, &lt;a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a"&gt;view the Agent Orange Exhibit.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;For more about this collection, &lt;a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a"&gt;view the Agent Orange Exhibit.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&lt;p&gt;For more about this collection, &lt;a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a"&gt;view the Agent Orange Exhibit.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                    <text>Item D Number

°2247

Author

Young, Alvin L.

Corporate Author
RBDOrt/APtiClB Tltto

Letter

*° Robert H. Huffaker from Alvin L. Young,
February 6,1984

Journal/Book Title
Year

000

°

Month/Day
Color
Number of Images

D

1

Young thanks Huffaker for the opportunity to provide a final
review of the protocols for Binghamton State Office Building
activities. Young gives his assessment of the protocols.

Thursday, September 20, 2001

Page 2247 of 2293

�EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
WASHINGTON. DC 20500

February 6, 1984

Dear Dr. Huffaker:
Thank you for the opportunity to provide a final review of
the protocols for Binghamton State Office Building (BSOB)
activities. I concur with the protocals and with the revised
risk assessment. I was pleased to hear that the BSOB experiences
and guidelines were of assistance to the San Francisco Health
Department.
I hope you will keep us informed of the status of the health
surveillance activities. I'm confident that your staff will
assess carefully the incorporation of questionable tests until
data are available to validate their use. The morbidity phase
of the Air Force Health Study, a study of 1200 men heavily
exposed to Agent Orange and its associated contaminant 2,3,7,8
TCDD, will be released on February 24, 1984. I'm sure you and
your staff will want to review the results in detail. I will
make sure you receive a copy of the report.
Effective January 1, 1984, I 've joined the staff of the
President's Science Advisor. My new address and phone number
are as follows: Alvin Young, Senior Policy Analyst for Life
Sciences, New Executive Office Building, Room 5005, Washington,
D.C. 20506, (202/395-3125).
Best wishes with the BSOB program.
Sincerely,

Alvin Youn&lt;^ \ ~~
LT COL USAF, PfiTBv-Senior Policy Analyst
for Life Sciences

Dr. Robert H. Huffaker
Associate Director
Office of Public Health
The Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller
Empire State Plaza
Albany, New York 12237

�</text>
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                    <text>Item D Number

02241

Author
Corporate Author
RBpOrt/ArtlClB TltlO Materials Regarding the August 12-13 Binghamton
State Office Building Expert Panel Meeting at
Binghamton City Council Chambers

Journal/Book Title
Yoar

1983

Month/Day
Color

D

Number of Images

%

DeSCrlptOH Not08

Materials include agenda, panel members list, and issues
guide

Thursday, September 20, 2001

Page 2241 of 2293

�AGENDA FOR THE
BINGHAMTON STATE OFFICE BUILDING
EXPERT PANEL
MEETING AT BINGHAMTON CITY COUNCIL CHAMBERS

AUGUST 12
2:00

Welcome and Preview of Business of Meeting

2:15

Update of Health Surveillance Activities
a.
b.
c.

3:15

Findings
Possible effect of withdrawal of litigants from study
Future plans

Dr. Axel rod

Dr. Fitzgerald
Dr. Fitzgerald
Expert Panel

Results of Environmental Studies
a.

Tests 1, 2 &amp; 3 from the September '84 protocol

b.

Update of 90-day animal studies

c.
d.

Discussion
Results of clinical data from medical surveillance
program for clean-up workers

Dr. Eadon &amp;
Versar
Drs. Kaminsky &amp;

Caprio

4:15

Expert Panel
Versar

Sampling
a.

Use of PCBs as surrogates for TCDF and TCDD

b.
c.
d.

Plans for future building monitoring using
surrogate PCB levels
Conditions of sampling-activity, temperature, etc.
Use of sentinel animals as bioaccumators

e.

Discussion

Versar &amp;
Dr. Eadon
Expert Panel
Expert Panel
Drs. Kaminsky &amp;
Caprio
Expert Panel
Expert Panel

6:00

Break for Dinner and Closed Meeting with Union Officials
(Taylor Law proceedings)

8:00

Return to Open Meeting

8:20

Progress Report-Cleaning of Lower Levels of the BSOB

OGS

Discussion of Sampling Protocols and Results

Expert Panel

9:00

Questions and Answers with the Public
Adjourn for evening

�AUGUST 13, AM

9:00

Risk Assessments
a.

Drs. Kim &amp; Hawley

b.

Comparison of various approaches including EPA
risk assessment method

Drs. Kim &amp; Hawley

c.

Combined respiratory and skin exposure limits

Drs. Kim &amp; Hawley

d.

Skin pick-up efficiency-wet vs. dry wipes
considerations

Versar

e.

Comparison with California re-entry levels

Dr. Miller

f.

Concerns regarding risk assessment methodologies
and metabolism of furans and dioxins

Dr. E. Silbergeld

g.
11:00

Revisions to include PCBs and chlorinated benzenes

Recommended re-entry values for permanent workers

Dr. Melius

Questions and Answers with the Public
Adjourn, sine die.

�BSOB EXPERT PANEL

John Buckley, Ph.D.
P.O. Box 263
Whitney Point, NY 13863
WINTER:
836 Rabbit Road
Sanibel, Florida
33957

Toxicologist

Renate D. Kimbrough, M.D.
Medical Officer
Center for Environmental Health
Centers, for Disease Control
1600 Clifton Road, NE
Atlanta, Georgia
30333

Physician, toxicologist,
epidemiologist

Clark W. Heath, Jr., M.D.
, ;
Professor of Community Health
Emory University, School of Public
Health
1518 Clifton Road, NE
Atlanta, Georgia 30332

Physician, environmental
medicine, epidemiologist

Roy E. Albert, M.D.
New York University Medical Center
Institute of Environmental Medicine
550 First Avenue
New York, NY
10016

Physician,
medicine

Ellen Silbergeld, Ph.D.
Senior Scientist
Toxic Chemicals Program
Environmental Defense Fund
1525 18th Street, NW
Washington, D.C.
20036

Toxicologist

Kathleen Gaffney, M.D.
Commissioner, Broome County
Health Department
One Wall Street
Binghamton, NY
13901

Physician, chemist,
public health

Christopher Rappe, Ph.D.
Department of Organic Chemistry
University of UMEA
S-901 87
UMEA, Sweden

Chemist

Arthur C. Upton, M.D.
Professor and Chairman
Department of Environmental Medicine
New York University Medical Center
550 First Avenue
New York, NY
10016

Physician, toxicologist

environmental

�David L. Stalling, Ph.D.
Chief of Chemistry
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Columbia National Fisheries
Research Lab
Route 1
Columbia, Missouri
65201

Chemist, toxicologist

Alvin L. Young, Ph.D.
Office of Environmental Medicine
Veteran's Administration
810 Vermont Avenue, NW
Washington, D.C. 20420
CO

Toxicologist, -e-p-i d em i o 1 o-g-1-aJL

Donald L. Grant, Ph.D.
Pesticides Section
Bureau of Chemical Safety
Toxicological Division
Health Protection Branch,
HPB Bldg., Tunney's Pasture
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OL2

Chemist, toxicologist

James Melius, M.D.
National Institute of Occupational
Safety and Health
Robert A. Taft Laboratories
4676 Columbia Parkway
Cincinnati, Ohio 45226

Physician, occupational
medicine

Douglas Harding, M.D.
Senior Medical Consultant
Ontario Ministry of Labor
Special Studies and SErvices Branch
400 University Avenue, 8th floor
Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1S5

Physician, industrial
medicine

BSOB TECHNICAL STAFF
Dr. Nancy Kim

NYS Department of Health

Dr. George Eadon

NYS Department of Health

Mr. Harry Stevens

NYS Office of General Services

Dr. Stephen Levin

PEF Representative

Dr. Terry L. Miller

CSEA Representative

Dr. John Buckley

Broome County

Mr. Robert Williams

City of Binghamton

Dr. Kathleen Gaffney

Broome County Health Department

Dr. Ellen Silbergeld

Citizen's Committee Representative

�SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY PANEL

Binghamton, NY
Issues Guide for August 12-13 meeting on the State Office Building
HEALTH SURVEILLANCE

The most recent findings still; show no difference between the study
group and general population, in terms of disease rates. Panel will be asked
to recommend future study course.
AIR TESTS
No dioxins or furans were detected outside the building during February
venting.
Indoor contamination levels dropped from less than 11 pico grams per
cubic meter in February to less than 4.1 pico grams per cubic meters after
venting.
Earlier, the panel) set |LO pico grams per cubic meter as the "target" for
reoccupancy — not counting possible surface contamination.
SURFACE TESTS

Latest tests show varying levels of remaining contribution, less than in
previous rounds of testing.
*
Panel must recommend how to evaluate surface contamination levels in
combination with air test results.
RE-OCCUPANCY
A "bottom line" re-occupancy level is to be recommended by the panel,
including both surface and air contamination.
Also, prospects for comparison tests with other state buildings, and
possible use of lab animals as "sentinels" in the Binghamton building are to
be discussed.
RISK ASSESSMENTS

Questions about risk assessment are up for discussion. These include
comparisons between New York, California and U.S. EPA methods, and inclusion
of PCBs in the basic Binghamton formula

This paper was prepared by the Department of Health as a short-hand guide to
the Scientific Panel discussion outlining the major items and is;sue;s! for
discussion. It is* not meant to be all-inclusive.
,
;

�A

Page 2

Average 2,3,7,8-TCDD Equivalents for 6th and 14th floor
Air Samples
This column lists chemicals
which belong to three different
families - they are converted to
2,3,7,8 TCDD equivalents so we can
add them up

Sept. 84

March 85

picograms per cubic meter
(pg/m3)

2,3, 7,8 TCDF

2 .7

1 .1

2378 , 12348, 23478-PeCDF

4 .7

1 .6

HEXA CDF

0 .1

0 .04

1237 8-PeCDD

.7
^°
&lt;. 0 .1

HEXA CDD

&lt; 0 .1

2,3, 7,8 TCDD

i

&lt;L 0 .5
^0
.07

1 .3

1236 7-Pentachlorobiphenylene

&lt;£ 0 .2

&lt; 1.3

2367 -Tetrachlorobiphenylene

TOTAL

i &lt;io .4

&lt;. 0 .2

11.0 pg/m3

(&lt; * less than)

4.1 pg/m3

Note: Detection limits were used, which vary from test to test.
"definition of terms" for a further explanation of this.

See

DEFINITION OF TERMS

picogram - one trillionth of a gram or 1,000,000,000,000
.
•
1

nanogram - one billionth of a gram or

1,000,000,000

meter - a unit of length measuring 39.37 inches

cubic meter - a meter multiplied by itself twice to form a unit
of measurement for volume
square meter - a unit of surface measurement which has the form
of a square
Air samples for the BSOB are measured in picograms per cubic meter
(pg/m3). The results of the air sample tests are listed in the
above table.
Surface samples for the BSOB are measured in nanograms (or other
fractions,) i per square m^te.r (ng/m2). j The surface sample data had
not beep converted to 2 i 3 ,7 ,,8 TCDD1 equivalents in the ,early release
of the results, but the conversions will be available ito the Expert
Panel.

�Page 3

Detection Limits
A detection limit is the lowest point at which a chemical
can be measured in air or oi\ surfaces b? specialized equipment
(for example, most outdoor thermometers do not measure air
temperatures below -40°F).
If you look through the data for the BSOB, you would see
many "ND" notations - meaning that no chemical was detected.
This can therefore be added In as zero.
Alternatively, a lab may set a number for the lowest point
at which a chemical could be detected and factor that number into
the total instead. This latter approach is more conservative,
for you are assigning a higher value than what was actually found.
This is the approach that the NYS Health Dept. Lab used, and thus
arrived at a total of less tb,an 4. JL picograms per cubic meterjof
air. Probably, the total is even less than that because' values
were assigned where no chemicals were detected.

I

Procedure for Contamination Measurement and Risk Assessment
To understand the underlying principles used to design
the test plan for the BSOB, a review of some basic concepts
and history might be useful. The fire in the BSOB resulted in
a mixture of contaminants being spread throughout the building.
Most of the contaminants are members of four families of chemical
compounds: 1) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), 2) polychlorinated
dibenzo dioxins (PCDD's), 3) polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDF's),
and 4) polychlorinated biphenylenes (PCBP's). The Department of
Health and the Expert Panel have reviewed available information
on the toxicity of these chemicals and have set maximum contamination
levels that must not be exceeded if the building is to be rehabitated,
using a procedure known as Risk Assessment. These levels are set
on the basis of total health risk from all the contaminants combined
and by all routes of exposure rather than trying to establish limits
chemical by chemical and route by route. Since it is impossible to
know before testing what the relative amounts of the various
contaminants will be, the total risk approach is the most practical
way to establish criteria for the cleanliness of air and surfaces
in the building. Thus, test samples will be chemically analyzed
for all of the contaminants of concern in the building and their
toxicity will be summed by a method known as 2,3,7,8 TCDD equivalents.
This equivalent serves as a kind of "common denominator" for all the
contaminants present in the building.
2,3,7,8 TCDD (one of the family of PCDD's) is the most toxic of
the contaminants found in the building. For example, it is considered
three times as toxic (on. the basis of equal exposure) as 2,3,7,8 TCDF
(one of the family of PCDF's). In using 2,3,7,8 TCDD equivalents
as a "yardstick," one can total the risk from the sum of toxic
compounds present. And using the most toxic contaminant present as
the yardstick yields the most consiervative estimate of contamination,
(In determining the toxicity,of alii chemicals found in the building,

�Page 4

each chemical's toxicity is expressed in terms of how much 2,3,7,8
TCDD it is equivalent to, §nd all these numbers are added). For
the building to meet the Expert Panel's criteria, the total dose
for surface samples and for air samples combined must be less than
the limits they set.
The criteria set by the Department of Health and suggested to
the Expert Panel are based OR not exceeding a maximum daily intake
of two trillionths of a gram (2 picogramSi) of 2,3,7,8 TCDD equivalents
for each kilogram--(2.2 pounds) of a person's body weight per day
(2 pg/kg day).
This limit is translated into limits for air and
surface contamination by considering ho'fa much air a person breathes
and how much surface dirt a person might get in their mouth or on
their skin in a day at work.
From these .values the calculations lead to a maximum acceptable
air concentration of 10 [ picjograms of 2,3,7,|8 TCDD equivalents in
a cubic meter of air or'a maximum acceptable contaminant level on
surfaces of 25 nanograms on a. square meter of desk, wall or other
surface.
Obviously, if air levels are 10, surface levels will
have to be zero and vice versa. The last test results show air
levels to be less than 4.1 picograms of 2,3,7,8 TCDD equivalents
per cubic meter. Surface levels have yet to be factored in.

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&lt;p&gt;For more about this collection, &lt;a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a"&gt;view the Agent Orange Exhibit.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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