1 15 31 https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/430775cddb875139c1a668b530b471b0.pdf 76714eb4ca6e132a123fda36b73f6942 PDF Text Text Item ID Number: 00039 Author Corporate Author Hayes International Corporation RepOrt/ArtlGlB Title A/A45Y-1 Internal Defoliant Dispenser System Journal/Book Title Year 000 ° Month/Day Color IJ Number of Images 15 DeSCrlptOU NOtBS Filed witn Thursday, November 16, 2000 documents from 1970 in the Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Page 39 of 46 �Anoymous A/A45Y-1 Internal Defoliant Dispenser System Hayes International Corporation RNAL DEFOLIANT DISPENSER SYSTEM INTERNATIONAL1 CORPORATION �THE A/A45Y-1 INTERNAL DEFOLIANT DISPENSER The A/A45Y-1 Internal Defoliant Dispenser, designed and manufactured by Hayes International Corporation, Birmingham, Alabama, is a complete airborne defoliant dispensing system. The dispenser is packaged to permit rapid installation into, and removal from, C-130 and C-123 aircraft, with only minor modifications required to the affected aircraft. See figures 1 and 2. The Internal Defoliant Dispenser, Part No. A/A45Y-1, provides for loading, transporting and dispensing of 1000 gallons of defoliant chemical, and in case of an emergency, dumping the full load overboard in less than 45 seconds. The tank and cradle assembly is mounted on detachable casters which are removed before anchoring in the host aircraft. A control console is electrically connected into an electrical network which in turn is connected to the aircraft electrical system, certain controls and indicators in the flight compartment and the electrically operated units within the system. Pressure is applied to defoliant chemical, by an engine and pump assembly mounted on the same frame with the tank. The defoliant is transported to a nozzle assembly mounted in the slipstream of the aircraft in such a manner that a strip 250 feet wide along the line LEADING PARTICULARS Length (app) Width (app) Height (app) (without casters) Weight Empty Full Capacity Normal operating pressure Normal dispensing interval Emergency dump duration Electrical system Dump valve operation Refill time (app) Dump valve Spray valve Suction valve 16 feet, 4 inches 4 feet, 10 inches 6 feet, 5 inches 1420 Ibs 12,420 Ibs 1000 gallons 60 + 5 psi 3 to 4 minutes Less than 45 sec. 28 volts dc (supplied by host aircraft) Electrical or manual 20 minutes Electrical, 10 inch Electrical, 3 inch Manual, 3 inch �TANK VENT MANHOLE COVER DUMP VALVE (See figure 4) TANK LIQUID LEVEL TEMPERATURE INDICATOR ENGINE EXHAUST VIBRATION ISOLATOR SEGMENT CENTRIFUGAL PUMP (See figure 3) MAIN SPRAY VALVE TIE-DOWN FITTINGS CONTROL CONSOLE (See figure 5) RECIRCULATING LINE JET PUMP REFILL CRADLE NOTE: SEE FIGURE 6 FOR TAIL BOOM AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. SEE FIGURES 7 AND 8 FOR INSTALLATION IN C-123 AIRCRAFT. Figure 1. Major Components of Defoliant Dispenser �Figure 2. Defoliant Dispenser (right side) �of flight is effectively covered. The nozzle assembly is designed for the most effective atomizing of the defoliant and coverage of foliage to be destroyed. The dispensing operation and, in emergency, the dump valve operation can be controlled from either the control console near the tank and cradle assembly or from the pilot's position in the flight compartment. CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS The internal defoliant dispenser is capable of containing 1000 gallons of defoliant which can be completely dumped overboard by remote control or manually in less than 45 seconds. The pump is capable of maintaining 60 + 5 psi pressure during the normal 4 minute (app) period of operational spraying. Refilling the tank assembly is accomplished with power and equipment contained within the defoliation dispensing system. TANK AND CRADLE ASSEMBLY The tank and cradle assembly is the major unit of the entire system, having; a 1000 gallon tank with baffles, manhole, tube connections and stabilizing and tiedown brackets; an engine and pump assembly which consists of a four cylinder horizontally opposed engine and pump directly coupled to the engine crankshaft; and a cradle which carries the tank, and engine and pump assembly and is provided with four casters which are readily detachable. A temperature gage and a fluid quantity gage are installed in the tank. The engine is slightly modified from its original configuration to achieve adaptability to the requirements of the dispenser system. The detachable casters are to provide limited mobility and are removed when the unit is tied down. The defoliant used in the dispenser is stored in the tank and is fed through a suction line to the pump (two assemblies used on C-130 aircraft). The pump is driven by an air-cooled engine and forces the defoliant through a discharge line to a spray valve. A recirculation line is provided so that when the spray valve is closed, the defoliant will recirculate back through the tank. When the spray valve is open, the defoliant is forced into the spray boom and atomized by spray nozzles. When the tank is empty, a float-operated switch, located in the tank, automatically stops the engines. On C-130 aircraft, when either tank is empty, the engine of the empty unit will automatically shut down. The spray valve will not automatically close until the second unit's tank empties and the float switch is actuated, shutting down its engine. �The centrifugal pump consists essentially of an impeller and a pump body, and is driven by the engine through a direct drive. The engine drives the pump and the speed of the engine controls the quantity of defoliant being dispensed. See figure 3. The recirculation line incorporates a jet-pump (ejector) tank refilling system which utilizes the fluid left in the tank from prior operation to initially operate the jet pump. TEMPERATURE GAGE Temperature gage, located on the side of the tank, indicates temperature of the defoliant in the tank. LIQUID METER A liquid meter, located on the side of the tank, indicates the defoliant quantity in the tank. DUMP VALVE The dump valve is a 10 inch gate valve having both electrical or manual activation. It is designed for horizontal (vertical flow) installation and liquid flow in only one direction. The bottom of the defoliant tank incorporates a vortex interupter and adapter to which the dump valve is secured and is in perfect alignment with an opening and spring loaded door in the belly of the aircraft. A high speed motor coupled to an actuator provides 2 second operation of the dump valve in either direction and circuit manipulation to indicate open condition. See figure 4. CONTROL CONSOLE The control console is the nerve center of the defoliation system. All functions are controlled from this position; all monitoring equipment is located in this position; and the electrical supply is channeled and protected at this position. Prefabricated electrical cables tie the control console to all related parts of the system, including the controls on the pilot's instrument panel and the aircraft electrical supply system. Tandem or single installations are controlled and monitored from the control console without any changes or alterations being performed. In the event of electrical power failure of the aircraft electrical system, certain critical functions have an option of manual operation. See figure 5. �Figure 3. Centrifugal Pump �Figure 4. Dump Valve �FLUID POWER REFILL FLOAT SWITCH OVERRIDE FWD UNIT AFT UNIT STARTER AND SPRAY CHOKE THROTTLES INDICATORS VALVE TANK EMPTY FWD UNIT AFT UNIT ENGINES FWD UNIT OIL PRESSURE LOW OPERATE SPRAY VALVE THROTTLES OPEN t FWD /~\ UNIT \\~J\ ^ AFT \{-J\ UNIT \ CLOSED Figure 5. Control Console AFT UNIT OIL PRESSURE LOW OPERATE �MAGNETO SWITCH The MAGNETO switch (AFT UNIT and FWD UNIT) is a single-pole, doublethrow toggle switch used to control the engine magneto. In the down position the engine magneto is grounded; in the up position the ground is removed from the magneto, permitting the engine to run (if tank is not empty). CHOKE SWITCH The CHOKE switch (AFT UNIT and FWD UNIT) is a spring-loaded pushbutton switch used to control the solenoid that actuates the engine choke. When pushed in, the CHOKE switch applies power to the engine choke solenoid. START SWITCH The START switch (AFT UNIT and FWD UNIT) is a spring-loaded pushbutton switch used to control the engine starter. When pushed in, the START switch applies power to the engine starter. The START switch is guarded to prevent accidental engagement of the engine starter. THROTTLE SWITCH The THROTTLE switch (AFT UNIT and FWD UNIT) is a three-position toggle switch, spring-loaded to the neutral position. The switch has INCREASE and DECREASE positions and is used to electrically control the engine throttle through a geared servo-motor. The engine throttle may be set at any intermediate position between minimum and maximum engine rpm by positioning the switch to INCREASE or DECREASE and releasing to the neutral position when desired engine RPM is reached. A governor on the engine regulates maximum engine RPM. SPRAY VALVE SWITCH The SPRAY VALVE switch is a single-pole, double-throw toggle switch used to electrically open and close the spray valve. In the OPEN position power is applied to open the spray valve; in the CLOSED position power is applied to close the spray valve. The SPRAY VALVE switch is guarded in the CLOSED position. A cockpit SPRAY VALVE switch is provided for control of the spraying operation by the pilot. �DUMP VALVE SWITCH The DUMP VALVE switch, located at the extreme left side of the control panel (figure 5), provides electrical control for the dump valve. The switch is provided with a guard which maintains the switch in the CLOSED position. Placing the switch in the OPEN position actuates the valve motor and opens the dump valve. The cockpit DUMP VALVE switch provides positive electrical control for opening the dump valve by the pilot. Operation is in conjunction with the console DUMP VALVE switch. Placing either switch in the OPEN position will actuate the dump valve motor and open the dump valve. FLOAT SWITCH OVERRIDE The FLOAT SWITCH OVERRIDE (AFT UNIT and FWD UNIT) is a singlepole, double-throw toggle switch (with a holding coil) used to override the float switch (in tank) when the float switch has grounded the magneto. The FLOAT SWITCH OVERRIDE is spring-loaded in the down position and when placed in the up position, enables the engine to be run when the tank is empty (in order to fill the tank using the pump). The holding coil holds the FLOAT SWITCH OVERRIDE in the up position until the float switch is actuated. ENGINE TACHOMETER The engine tachometer is dual indicating (two needles) and indicates engine speed in hundreds of RPM. FLUID PRESSURE INDICATOR The FLUID pressure indicator indicates fluid pressure in increments of 4 PSL When properly calibrated this gage can be used as a flow-rate indicator. CIRCUIT BREAKERS Four circuit breakers (STARTER AND CHOKE, THROTTLES, INDICATORS, and SPRAY VALVE) control power to the control panel and provide protection from electrical overload and short circuits. 10 �SPRAY BOOM The spray boom (figure 6) is desinged to accommodate 18 spray nozzles and provide a method for dispensing the defoliant over a wide area. The spray boom is constructed of 4-1/2 inch diameter steel tubing. The discharge line is off-set from the centerline of the spray boom to allow the aircraft's ramp to operate with the dispenser installed. Eighteen spigots are welded to the spray boom to receive the spray nozzles. C-123 aircraft utilize only 12 of the spray nozzles and the remaining six spigots are capped. The spray boom is attached to the fuselage with six struts. AIRCRAFT INSTALLATION The dispenser installation in C-123 aircraft consists of towing the tank and cradle assembly (unfilled) into the aircraft and securing it to the aircraft floor utilizing twenty 10, 000-pound hook and chain assemblies and the cargo floor tie-down fittings (figures 7 and 8). All piping and hose assemblies are installed and the console assembly mounted to the aircraft floor. The spray boom and connecting struts are attached to outside fittings on the aircraft and the electrical cables are connected. In the case of the C-130 aircraft, two dispensers are installed in the same manner, and interconnected. n �TIE-DOWNS SPRAY NOZZLE TAIL BOOM INSTALLATION STRUTS Figure 6. Spray Boom and Associated Plumbing 12 �r. Figure 7. Installation in C-123 (left side) 13 �Figure 8. Installation in C-723 (right side) 14 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 004 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0039 Series The series number of the original item. Series I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>Hayes International Corporation Title A name given to the resource A/A45Y-1 Internal Defoliant Dispenser System Subject The topic of the resource spray equipment Ranch Hand aircraft https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/58282ff40375b64c36aaea8d1da64dd3.pdf d7d62ccc36e60ec2db026e8227c22385 PDF Text Text Item !D Number: AllthOT COPPOHltO AUtlllH1 00053 Cameron, B.C. Defense Research Establishment Suffield: Ralston: Alberta RBPQPt/Article fltlB Downwind Travel of Herbicides (U): Procedures to be Used in Trials 15-22, Field Experiment No, 593 Journal/Bool Title Year 1972 A ril P Color lumber of Images 12 Project No, 97-97-01 Friday, November 17, 2000 ra ' 9e 53 ot �NO. IS/72 DOWNWIND TRAVEL OF HFR8ICIDES (U) (Procedures to be Used In Trials 15 - 22, Field Experiment Ho, §93} 1 B.6. Cameron and J, Monaghan D DC NO. §1-97-01 w April lt?2 �UMCLAEEIFIEP SUFFIELD 1 . 15/?2 0 97-97-01 Dowawind Travel of Herbicides (Procedures to be Used In Trials 15 - 22* Field Experiment No. 593) B.C. Caaeron and J« Monsghaa April 1972 r-TtiTY GRADING: UICLASSIFIED h - IT 1C UNITED STATES 3 DOCUMSItATIOS CENTER 1 - ERR Report, Collection 1 - Doc, Sectioa(alcrofiche) 1 1 1 - GEM - DOPf 6 Ann: Colonel W*ston •A/.-T:: T FJG/TL i . i Aim, 1 - .'hlef, OERS/L •'AKAPIAH_FORCES 1 - ."FNBCE (TZE/NBTV) MIMIf'TBY OF d Jistrlbatlon 1 . CDS, f^rton 1 - MRF. 0 - Minlttrr of 0»f«ne« (*r«y) for serial 11 1 - .'hUf ScUetic*' MI si :":•»¥ OF INITIAL DISTRIBUTION: May 1972 (mw) 1 - -'hi»f Ecl«»ti»t t SCI Librwy 5 - SfAMDARDIZATlON REP. ?JS (625) Plus sagg«st«d distribution 2 - Tech. Lib. Tech. Inf. O f f i c e , Beseret T*st Center, Fort Dougl»s f Utah 1 - U.S. Apgiy Ch*a-BIo-Hadio Coisb&t Agency, Fort McClellaa* Ala 1 Pimne A 1*86 1 - Fiald Be<i> Ag. U.E. Aray Chea. '"c 1 - Walter Rred Army Ins', of Hecesrcfc 1 - Cheaical Corpe Medical Late., Army M«dic»l Centerf Md. 1 - ChMical Corps Trmiaia? fort McCl«ll«n, Ala 2 - 0»s«r«t Test Centexf Fort Doaglas, Utah 1 - *r«y Ch»«ic»l Biologlc*l-I Aray C«nt«r, Hi Md, * *r fare Ch«aie»l Cmtw Md I - Any Chraleal Corp** and DBT»loiaet *- C 1 - DC .. �S.UFFIELD mmmmm NO. nm TRAVEL OF (U) (Procedures to be Used In Trials II - 22, Field Experiment No. 593) B.G. Cameron and J. Monaghan PROJECT NO. §7-97-01 �SUFFIELD MEMORANDUM NO. 15/72 OF (U) (Procedures to be Used in Trials 15 - 22, Field Experiment No. 593) by B.G. Cameron and J. Monaghan REFERENCES 1. a) b) Suffleld Memorandum No. 48/71 DRES Chemistry Memorandum No. 17/72 c) Field Trials suggested by Canada Department of Agriculture, 29 Feb. 72 BACKGROUND 2. DRES has assisted the Saskatchewan Research Council (SRC) and the Canada Department of Agriculture (COA) in trials with 2,4-0 formulations in 196?, 1970 and 1971. Results from Trials 4-14 of this series, which nitre done with C11* tagged materials, show that the downwind drift of 2,4-0 dimethyl ami oe salt is largely restricted to fine aerosol which is released with the spray. However, with 2,4-0 butyl ester and isooctyl ester the initial drift of aerosol is followed by vapour evolved from the sprayed area. 3. SRt/CDA wish to confirm the aerosol aid vapour results for the isooctyl esttr and to determine the downwind drift of aerosol of the dimethyl amine salt at different volume applications per unit area. ORES has a continuing interest in the trials for the purpose of waking fundamental measurements of the sprayed material and application of the results to diffusion models. OBJECTIVES 3, a) SIC/CM (1) To determine the effect of volume application on downwind drift of aerosol of 2,4-0 <fi«etnylairine salt at two application levels: . �I(•) (b) 10 In it tfct riti of S pl/tert 10 oi/acrt 1ft water solution iprayid at tlit fit* of 10 pl/iert (2) To measure tfit downwind drift and vapour evolution froai 2,4-D uooctyi tsttr sprayed at 10 of/acre In water gmylifoi! at tfio rite of 10 gal/acre it two ground ttJRptraturts. b} DRIES (1) To tilt mud and size range of droplets frt« seltcttd spray nozzlts, (2) To determine the density and drop slit of ground deposits from the sprays with each 2,4-0 expound. (3) To determine the size of the airborne droplet clouds and the change in droplet slzt with downwind distinct. (4) To exattrfne the distribution of 2,4-0 compounds In vegetation on and downwind of the sprayed areas, SCOPE 4. Two successful trials art required in each of the cases stated yitder SRC/CDA objectives. A double sampling layout w 4 11 be provided so that two trials can be done ynder Identical weather conditions, SITE 5. A suitable area near the Vertical Grid Layoyt. HEATHER 6. a) Mind direction: any b) Wind speed: 8-16 mph c) Temperatures: (1) Air - NOT higher than 9S°f for trials with 2,4-0 dimethyl mine (2) - near 75T and 100°F for two sets of trials with 2,4-0 isooctyl ester d) Precipitation: NIL for 24h prior to and dyrlng a trial e) Stability: Neutral to Moderate lapse MATERIAL 7. a) 2,4-0 dinethylamine and 2,4-0 isooctyl ester, tagged t1*1; 10 mCt of each compound at S-10 nCI/•.•>!f. b) The above materials, untaggtd, provided by CM. c) sprayers with modified stainless steel tank operated nt 40 pi, d) Nozzles No, and No, provided by SRC, �t) f) Pie - 60 {for trlalf) Ctscidt Impactors - IS (for duplicate trials) g) h) Chromttoiriphlc '.silica gel) paper, 4" x 4" - 260 (total) Rotary dropltt samplers - 14 (for duplicate trials) j) k) Silica gel sirupltrs - 264 (total) Gasoline - §4 plys spirts 1) m) High volune air sillers - 5 (single layout) 5KVA electrical generator 8. Two sampling layoyts with detail as shown 1n Flfure 1 are required. 9. Sampling Methods: a) Ground deposits - dry pie plates, with lid, each containing a 4" x 4" sheet of ~s IT TeageY ~chromatograph1 c paper, win be placed on the sprayed area to measure ground deposits and downwind to measure drift. b) Spray - Rotary droplet samplers will be used to collect sprayed droplets for sizing. Electric power is required for this purpose. c) Vapour and Aerosol - silica gel samplers, operated at M l.nrffT1 by gasoline » wl11 be used to collect fipoyr and aerosol samples. The samplers will be oriented downwind at all sampling positions for measurement of vapour components. Vapour and aerosol components will bt measyred at certain sampling positions by means of silica pi staplers oriented upwind. Samples of airborne participates will also be collected for sizing by «§*ns of Cascade impactors. High ¥olyme air samplers, operated it 830 I.m1n"1 will also be used to obtain particulate samples. Electrical power 1s also required for these devices. METEOROLOGICAL 10. A meteorological station will be established close to the upwind edge of the layout to obtain the following Information: a) Mind speeds at 1/2, 2 and 4w b) Wind direction at 2m c) Air temperatures d) Ground temperatyres e) Temperature gradient 4ni - 1/2m f) Relative humidity §} ClOfid conditions and sunshine �-«- 11. Initial dilution of tagged 2»4-D compounds, with untafpd materials, will be In Room 223P Central Laboratory, Subsequent addition of water will be done at the trial site. 12. The layout will be oriented on the basis of the forecast wind direction and spray areas will bt marked across wind. Duplicate layouts (Figure 1) separated by at least 2§m art required. 13. Samplers will be emplaced and tested on both halves of the layout. When this work Is completed a dry ryn will be made with the boom sprayer to check that a traverse speed of 8 ntph can be maintained. The boon sprayer will be charged with the appropriate 2,4-D formulation and the weight of charge will be determined, A sample of the charge will be taken after initial agitation. 14. Aspirated samplers and rotary droplet samplers will be started and pie plate lids will be remo¥ed. On instructions from H/TSS the layout will be sprayed in a single pass. The weight of charge remaining in the tank will be determined and a sample of the charge will be taken. The charge residue will be drained into a suitable container and retained for fytyre use. Zero for a trial will be the start of spraying. Recharging of the boom sprayer and adjustments to nozzles, as necessary, will be done in the gap between 1ayoyts. 15. Following the spraying operations on any day the boom sprayer will be thoroughly rinsed with water in readiness for subsequent work. 16. Pie plates will be capped and picked yp as soon as a spray pass is completed. Rotary droplet samplers will be switched off and collected thereafter. These samples will be returned to the Central Laboratory as soon as possible after spraying. 17. heights, Silica gel samplers will be oriented as follows at 1/2, 1 and 2m POSITION DIMETHYLAHINE 1 ISOOCTYl 1U + 2D 1U + 4D 2 ID 10 3 10 10 4 1U + 5 10 10 6 10 10 20 1U + 40 ? iy * 20 iy * 4D 8 1U * ID ID § m * 10 10 10 1U + 10 ID U » Upwind, 0 « Downwind �- 8- 18. Vapour and aerosol sampling will proceed according to-.the following scheduler a) Aerosol (1) (2) (3) b) Silica gel samplers: Z to Z +• 3 min Cascade irapactors: Z to Z + 3 min High Volume Air Samplers: Z to Z + 3 m1n Vapour (1) Silica gel samplers at Positions 1, 4 and 7: (a) 2,4-D dimethylamine: Z to Z + 3 min Z + 3 to Z + 30 min (b) 2,4-D isQoety! ester: Z Z Z Z (2) to Z + 3 min + 3 to Z + 30 min + 30 to Z + 90 min •»• 90 to Z + 180 min Silica gel samplers &v remaining positions: (a) 2,4-D dime thy 1 ami fte: Z to Z •»• 30 min (b) 2,4-D isooctyl ester: Z to Z ^ IK) min 19. It Is expected that the trials will be done 1n the following order commencing on or about 24 May 1972: a) 2,4-D Isooctyl ester: b) 2,4-D d line thy 1 ami ne: 5 oz/acre at 10 gal/acre and 10 02/acre at 10 gal/acre 2,4-0 isooctyl ester: groynil temperature near 100°F c) d) 2,4-D dimethyl ami tie: at 10 gal/acre ground temperature near 75°F 5 oz/acre at 10 §al/acre and 10 oz/acre Details of formulations and nozzle sizes for these trials are listed In Annex 1. PHOTOGRAPHY 20. A still, black and white photographic record of the layout and sampling equipment will be taken on one trial occasion. Black and white negatives of Cascade impactor slides, at Magnification to be specified by SRC, are required for all trials. �- 6- ANALYSIS 21. Ground deposits, vapour and aerosol recoveries will be analyzed by liquid scintillation counting. Droplet sizing from rotary sampler papers will be done by stain count/size techniqye. Analysis of Cascade impactor slides will be carried out by SRC. 22. It is expected that a total of 40 itCi of C 1 % tagged 2,4-0 dimethyl amine and isooctyl ester will be at ORES prior to this series of trials. The amount of C llf to be in any one trial will be nominally 5.0 mCi. On receipt, the tagged 2,4-D ester and 2»4-D awine will be kept in the Radioactive Storage Building. All mixing of these materials for spraying will be done at that location. 23. Film badges will be worn by all personnel engaged in the trials with radioactive material. 24. The vehicle used to transport tagged material from the mixinq site to the layout will carry "Radioactive Material" signs front and rear and on both sides. The sprayer reservoir will carry a trifoil radiation warning sign. 25. The sprayer will be flushed three times with water and once with Isopropyl alcohol following each trial with tagged material. Unused residues from the trials will be collected on site In suitable containers which will be dumped in the Radioactive Disposal Area. 26. 222E &•;-' :'!2P» Central Laboratory, are designated as the areas in which samples from trials with tagged Materials will be handled. The rooms will be signed accordingly (medium level laboratory) and icctss to will bt restricted to personnel directly concerned with this field experiment, 27. A post trial survey will be conducted to follow the decay of activity in the sprayed area. It Is expected that this will not be measurable for more 30 days. 28. a) b) Provide Radiation Safety Officer, Chemical test team, co-ordinate sampling schedule and record sampling times. Provide sampling enufpnent; arrange for pyrchast of C 1% Materials; assist 1n analysis; prepare report dealing with DUES objectives. Provide film badges as required, H/TSS In charfe of trial. Layout preparation, Record zero and spray run times. Provide spray apparatus, Sample of sprayed Materials taken before and after each spray run to Chen Section, Mix 2,4-0 Materials and water as directed by SIC, Provide "Radioactive Hjterial" sips for ttnltloiis vehicle as requled. of of agent dispersed. �- 7 - c) forecast andraeteorologlca-1observations, d) e) H/Met SRC/COA Provide yntafged 2,4-0 esters and anlne, photographic paper for droplet sizing studies and nozzles. Assist In layout and sample preparation and analysis. Prepare report dealing with SRC/CDA objectl¥es. e) H/Photo Groyp Still photofraphy. �ANNEX 1 to SM 15/72 SUMMARY OF TRAILS 15-22 SERIAL 2,4-D FORMULATION GROUND TEMPERATURE (-°F) NOZZLE NO. APPLICATION RATES oz/acre gal/acre REMARKS 10 10 - 1 Isooctyl ester 2 Isooctyl esttr 3 Dime thy! ami ne % 80 4 Dimethyl ami ne -v 80 S Isooctyl ester VIOO 6 Isooctyl ester 7 01 me thy 1 ami ne *w 80 650067 5 10 Air temperature < 95° F 8 Dimethyl ami ne ~ 80 65015 10 10 Air temperature < 9§<*P. As soon as posslBle ifter Serial 7. 65015 •^ 75 x.,,,w, ,_, „ ,„, ^r™,,,,,,,™™,,,™,,, ,„„„„.„ ,„, fig tftt licate of I£ A »* "i .a 1 On same day as Serial 1, as soon as possible thereafter. 1 ™™»™, 5 Air temperature < 95° F 65015 10 10 Air temperature < 95°F, On s,ame day as Sirial 3, as soon as possible thereafter. 65015 „„.,-». „ 10 10 10 T Hun licate of i£|»»%1 3! EL „„,„„„,„, **• On same day as Serial 5, as soon as possible thereafter. �S.M. 15/72 UNCLASSIFIEO T ooo 0 • •«!«*«(•««.« 4,1. <5 • .* 2 0 ooo 0 O 90 O io0 30 Sidtl Samplers CTO 1$ , 1 and 2 m ! 6 O Pi« Pto^ D ooo 80 SiSel Samplers 10- Inline aersel an TOjg, f and 2 m J <s + Hi^i VeliMi* Air -Sampler o oo oco T' 8 13i0fn 6 g i a ^$9$®8e iffipoct^ i ^ Hi I o oo ooo 60 <$ (^ Rotary Droplet f.«er Q ooo 60 m <* NgTES • » ooo - T ooo 1 tf OI_»_ __»_j A. ne Fiwra Aisernafao §tflief' §Me ef line. 9. Eiee^lc pww reaiiwvd fer Rotary Sixers and Wah m AM- Santptar*. 20Bt i IZSin LAYOJT DIAGRAM f.E 593 I 15—22) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 005 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0053 Series The series number of the original item. Series I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cameron, B.G. J. Monaghan Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>Defense Research Establishment Suffield: Ralston: Alberta Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1972-04-01 Title A name given to the resource Downwind Travel of Herbicides (U): Procedures to be Used in Trials 15-22, Field Experiment No. 593 Subject The topic of the resource weather conditions spray equipment herbicide testing https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/6c6007b2d8d8ae29caaad0820cd07ae9.pdf f0fd5861caec32dbda7caefe6461a2fa PDF Text Text Item ID Number: 00042 Author CorpOr3tO Author Currie, D.J. Defense Research Establishment Suffield: Ralston: Alberta ROpOPt/ArtlClO TltlO Downwind Travel of Herbicides (U): Procedures to be Used in Trials 4-11, Filed Experiment No. 593) Journal/Book Title Year Month/Day Color Number of Images 9 Doscripton Notes Project NO. 0-20-50-09 Thursday, November 16, 2000 Page 42 of 46 �• '$ jj- UNCLASSIFIED SUFFIELD MEMORANDUM NO. ie/;o DOWNWIND TRAVEL OF HERBICIDES (U) v (Procedures to be used in Trials 4-11, Field Experiment No. 593) GO ft Prepared by D.J. Currie PROJECT NO. D-20-50-09 May 1970 DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD: RALSTON : ALMK1A WARNING lie use of Mils infurtudi iun If <;l |»ni|)i ist.irv rf �SUKKIKU) MEMORANDUM NU. 18/70 DOWNWIND TKAVEL OF HERBICIDES (U) (Procedures to be used In Trials 4Field Experiment No. 593) Prepared by D.J, Currie PROJECT NO. D-20-50-09 WARNING n» ..I n.i.-n.p 1 ,,,,,,,! "I ,, | ,,,„! ,,|i,|,., i i,, ,,,, „,,,, ,„ I" "|" I"' l < V Illll IMll'lll I Ull I ,' , �UNCLASSIFIED 'K'FENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT" SUFFIELD RALSTON' ALBERTA SUFFIELD MEMORANDUM NO. J.8/70 DOWNWIND TRAVEL OF HERBICIDES (U) I Procedures to be used in Trials ^-11, . . .Field Experiment No. 593) ' ' r :• ' • • • ^ . -•;. -. *:,i.' . Prepared by D.J. Currie V REFERENCES Saskatchewan Research Council (SRC) letter dated 14. M a y 6 9 (ORES 221-50/3) • . . . ;., , . . Proposed pesticide field trial program, prepared by SRC 23 June 69 ., , , ...... DRB 6800-1-1 dated 3 July 69 Suffield Memorandum No. 71/69 ' • •• •• DRB.652 dated 28 April 70 • 2,. • /. -'-. • \ '- • ' •; , - ' * PURPOSE The purpose of this series of trials is to. determine the amount of 2,4-D. (ester and am.ine') which is_ likely to drift 'from a typical ground application of the material under several weather and spraying conditions. • . • " • • . - . [ : " . SCOPE , . ./ . . - • ' . / . . • • . • ,\ ';' t ; - ; i -V- • ." - : Trials 1-3, ;of this field experiment were conducted in July 1969. Contiriuation'rof the experiment will consist of a series of eight trials, four of which will be done with C1,*4 tagged material. •Weather conditions typical of spraying operations on farm land will be sought. Measurements will be made of liquid, vapour and aerosol �- i? - UNCLASSIFIED .iributions from herbicide put on a layout of crosswlnd dimension , meters, downwind dimension It 3 .5 m. The desired ground coverage -rayed material) Is 4 g/m2. Vertical Grid Layout, WEATHER a. b. Wind speed - 4-16 mph c. Air temperature - not higher than 95°F d. Precipitation - nil during period of each trial or in the 24 hours prior to each trial e. 6. Wind direction - any Stability - near neutral to moderate lapse. TRIAL CONDITIONS The trials will be conducted under the following circumstances: Trial No, Material C 1 1 + tagged 2,4-D ester Weather Windspeed 12-16 mph Untagged 2,4-D ester Clk tagged 2,4~D amlne Comparable to that for Trials 4 and 5 or Trial 1 Untagged 2,4-D amlne R* C 1 J * tagged 2,4-D ester or amine Comparable to Trials and 5 Untagged 2,4-D ester or amlne C 1 " tagged 2,^-D ester or amlne 11 Light wind, early evening As required Cheek trial high volume, low pressure spray settings �UNCLASSIFIED MATKH1AL " -V \ ' ,V' L','1-1) butyl ester, tagged C 11 * provided by Saskatchewan Research Council (SHC) Cl.Z'j mCi per trial) .. a. - '•' 11 b. <V<-D amine, tagged C * provided by SHC (2.2!> mCi per trial) c. 2,4-D butyl ester and amirie untagged (provided by SRC) d. . . Agricultural boom sprayer (nozzles provided by SRC) e . P i e plates - >4lj . . . . , . - f. Cascade impactors - . 9. , g. Paper samplers (9 in x 6 in. photographic sheets on 18 inch square jump cards) - 15 required for trials with untagged material only (provided by SRC) h. Gasoline pumps - 42 ! . - ' . • ', y. >- / . i " ' • • • . ; , • ' ' i .' i i. 8. LAYOUT Airborne cloud samplers (provided by SRC but charged silica gel. DRES) : . . , V ' ... i • . * : : ' * " ''• • - • _ '• \ .y• ..i \ • Figure 1 is a diagram of the trial layout. » 9. PROCEDURES . . :• a. All samplers will be set out prior to zero at positions dictated by wind direction. Pie plates will,contain.silica gel. ; . ' '- . . • , . ' • ', ..;...b. :A meteorolQgical OP will be set up in a position designated by the H/TSS. ; ; ' ,: , ' _ ; - ' _ ." '• |', c. After ground samplers have been positioned, a trial run will be made by the boom sprayer crew to ensure their familiarity with the layout and to achieve the desired traverse speed. The apparatus will then be charged with the material to be sprayed in an area designated by the H/TSS. . , i . . • .• i •' ']'."' •' d. On instruction from the H/TSS, the layout will be sprayed a single pass. The start of the spray will be zero for.the trial. ^ • . , . • • • "-' ' • . ' - . • ' : -• • ' - •e. Pie plates will be capped and picked up as soon as possible after the boom sprayer has completed its pass. .will be recovered immediately following this recovery. Jump cards �UN CLASS I PI EJ tJ" ,,. r^ l.-iauturu operated at 17 .^ 1/min, will be placed ,;" , -: ' * cultio '»s 2 m from the downwind" edge of th«? uieu at.j uo r, ana j m at j positions 12 m downwind? i n *l Airborne cloud samples will be taken at 1/2. 1 2 1 ' , " 01 tn^I""" a VW 1U rs f theThe m and ,75 m circles, aJ'at' ^ 0 ^a les 30 fwili be >"'• - r ,/ • Uie ' ind ed : downwind edge of the sprayed •1 aa-Lle- 'V r \ ic u^ ,. . given g« of the 1, m circle. The details ^ bd,.piei positions In Figure 75 The i'lFLING , > Circle (rrQ P. „„, Interval (min) Tower No. of Positions . 0-3, 3-30* 2 3° Total Dose 3 ?i) 0-3, 3-30» Total Dose 3 4+13 !75 Total Dose 13 * 11. Interval may be extended after Trial 4 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS The following meteorological information is required during H b rach trial. ' a. Wind speeds at 1/2, 2 and 10 m b. Wind direction at 2 m c. Air and surface temperatures d. Temperature gradient 4m - l/2m e. Relative humidity f. Cloud conditions and sunshine " • For trials with C l k tagged material, analyses will be done by liquid scintillation counting by Saskatchewan Research Council (SRC! Samples from trial:; with untagged material will- be analyzed .by a colormetrlc procedure (for pie plates) and by gas liquid chromat qgraphy.. . . .us r a h . u_s ^^c**—^*—^- -*.-*—.....-. . . . . . .- ..... - �! ' •••' ' ' •'•'" UNCLASSIFIED :'.!!?'• -^VV^E • ;, .1. .*.'..,„' ••)* , iy JhC. Procedures for preparation, handling and disposition of supples will be issutd separately. A few preliminary analyses will b e done b y bKKS a s required t o assist SRC. Ij. RADIATION SAFETY .. • . -f ' '• ,. /; . ; .. \\ a. It is'expected that a total of 10 mCi of C l 4 tagged 2,4-D ester and amine will be shipped by SRC for storage at DRES prior to this series-of trials. The amount of C l u to be used in any one trial is 2.25 mCi. On receipt from' SRC, the tagged 2,4-D ester and 2,4-D amine will be kept in the Radioactive Storage Building. All nixing of these materials for spraying will be done at that, location. ., , . ,: • ! • ' .'...•'••' b. Film badges will be worn by all personnel engaged in the trials with radioactive material. ''. . ' ' "- -- .. . ... •; - * = •-. i ^; •*• • M v . ' •, ' i, "' ' • • ' '•? •'--'*. *. 1 r ' .*. ^ ' • -;c. The vehicle used to transport tagged material from the mixing site to the layout will carry "Radioactive Material" signs front and rear and on both sides. The boom sprayer reservoir will arry a trlfoil radiation warning sign. . .;•;•. ;. :;.; d. The boom sprayer will be flushed thi-ee times with water arid once with isopropyl alcohol following each spray run with tagged material. Unused residues from these trials will be.collected on site,, in .suitable containers which will be dumped in the Radioactive i>i'apd';sai 'Area. . . , . , . , - - . • ?' ;•' " , .-:. . ', *" •• .. - •• • • -. -•; ••:.• . •'•; ;''" i' ; •;. ; '&''''•• ", "'. ;. e. Room 222E, Central Laboratory, is designated as the area •in which samples from trials with tagged materials will be handled. The room, will be signed accordingly (medium level laboratory) and access to it will be restricted to personnel directly concerned with FE 593. . : . . . . - ' • '•' . ; . ; . ' v,: >,t f. A post trial survey will be conducted to follow the decay of beta activity in the sprayed area. It is expected that this will not 'be measurable for v more than• 30 days. . .V' •' * • v-'' " . . >?' ,! r • • • • . • ' , • " • " i^':'-••/ "ADMINISTRATION ' ''• ' H/Chem : ? ' . . - • ' ' . - . ' '•'.'';;'•• •&•: ':•• '•& '.::\. I/-,: ' " Provide Radiation',,Safety Officer, Chemical .test team, Co-ordinate sampling schedule and. regard, sampling times. . Prepare samples as required for dispatch to Canadian Dept. of Agriculture Laboratory, Regina, Saskatchewan. Provide film'badges as required. •- �- 6 li/Tc'c$:.:4L.r: .., UNCLASSIFIED . .:•••,•• In charge of trial. Layout preparation. Record zero and ,spray run times. Provide spray apparatus. Sample of sprayed materials to Chem S. Mix 2,^-D ester and water as directed by SRC. Provide "Radioactive Material" signs for . -Munitions vehicle as required. •. , - ; " • • ' - H/Met , ^» '' ' 'Forecast and meteorological observations. SRC ; • -"' . • Provide 2,4-D ester and amine, both ' - tagged and untagged; metal components for Gelman type samplers; paper; liquid scintillation counting vials. . Assist in layout and sample preparation and provide all analyses • required. Forward results pf.analyses to DRES as they become available. �• CASCADE INPACT01 (1/2 - » O CASCADB IWACTO* Ainowc cuxm SAWIU (••qiMDCtd: 1/2 - »») O * o o o p o o o o o o o o o o o o flCUM 1 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o AinOWE CLOUD SAHTLCK (TD: 1/2 - ta) AIUOWE CLOUD SAMTUIt (TD: 0.3») � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 005 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0042 Series The series number of the original item. Series I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Currie, D.J. Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>Defense Research Establishment Suffield: Ralston: Alberta Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970-05-01 Title A name given to the resource Downwind Travel of Herbicides (U): Procedures to be Used in Trials 4-11, Field Experiment No. 593 Subject The topic of the resource spray equipment weather conditions herbicide testing https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/87c9274531afb2f05feafed743dcd7f0.pdf 56761bbf1471104167e765bc7f0d53fc PDF Text Text item ID Number: Author Corporate Author 00050 Cameron, B.G. Defence Research Establishment Suffield: Ralston: Alberta Report/Article Title Downwind Travel of Herbicides (U): Procedures to Used in Trials 12-19, Field Experiment No. 593 Journal/Book Title Year Month/Day Color 1971 June D Number of Images 11 Descriptor) Notes DRB pr Friday, November 17, 2000 °Ject N°- 97-97-01 Page 50 of 57 �/IP f 1 FIELJ M E M O R A N D U M NO. 68/71 UNCLASSIFIED ::EFE:»CF; KKSEARCII ESTABLISHMENT SUFMELL> RALSTON ALBERTA M'£IjNi£ .I1 IriXiJL OF H E R B I C I D E S ( U ) ( P r o c e d u r e s to be U s e d in Trials 12-19, Field Experiment No. 593) Prepared by B.C. C a m e r o n and J. Monaghan DRB PROJECT N O . 9 7 - S 7 - 0 1 J u n e , 1071 WARNING I i i' .!«<• ',f il.ii ml,,in i l l , , t i n |im iMilluil miliii'i I In i n, nuiiitiiin I �Jb ~ ' . , I. , Tl !,-! MfJ1> ;. K . I ' M *„ , * /,' '-fulfill ol" h » r l . I e i . | » ; , t -w 4 i M v i f i iv INI'.'IAL ul.-. Mil *. :c':: K.- - n-I.- 'in-: !.>HI, Fl :ir d i a tr i I',. t i oil I - itri Kept Collection 1 - ro^-^et*. £ection(*icrofiche; i - j-riTG 1 - C.'MC - DC i ! ; ? !i/L - DHE£ ,- .: Commaad/Winnipeg, A tin* Dr. John Majhood - CFITB: school (TEZ/NBCW) IN T^ CENTER •:?T. OF THAIffi & INDUSTRY 2 - TRC Plus 1 1 10 distribution - C3EEf Portion - MSE - Ministry of Defence for serial 11 1 - Chief Scientist ( Is II' TRY CF DEFKNCi: (HOYAL NAVY) c:- DrTKXCK (RAF) 1 - Chief Ccienti?t f SCI 3 - , iX/'J'.'Xrr:;/. IOK "K!,t^t Plug Li- v; ^e £. ted Di s tr i r u t i 01, 1 1 1 1 - AJCC, i!q. Acd*«we Af"!;, Warht U. Air "Jr. Iv. Lib. Maxwell -'iFIi Director of i; Jr Df Pecta»'9c sc. & lech. Intell* Centerf ild.* Kavml Obs. 10 - SENIOR STANDARDIZATION' REP. •& AHMY (tl:5) Plus £ui;gested Dirtpibution 2 - Teca, Lib..Tech. Inf. O f f i c e , D* Test Center, Fort Boaglas, Utah 1 - U.S. Army Steffi-Bio-Radio Coebmt Dev. Agency, Fort McClellw, Ala. (46?) 1 - ASfRD Plans A 486 1 - Field Beq. Ag. U.S. Army Cb«n« Corps �UNCLASSIFIED DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SUFFIELD RALSTON ALBERTA SUFFIELU MEMORANDUM NO. 48/71 DOWNWIND TRAVEL CF HERBICIDES (U) (Procedures to be Used in Trials 12-19, Field Experiment No. 593) Prepared by B.C. Cameron and J. Monaghan 1. REFERENCES a. Saskatchewan Research Council (SRC) letter dated 14 May 69 (ORES 221-50/3) b. Proposed pesticide field trial program, prepared by SRC 23 June 69 c. DRB 6800-1-1 dated 3 July 69 d. Suffield Memorandum No. 71/69 e. DRB 652 dated 28 April 70 f. Suffield Memorandum No. 18/70 g. Field Trials suggested by Canada Department of Agriculture (CDA), 5 Feb 71 ^ 1 2. PURPOSE URES has provided assistance to the Saskatchewan Research Council (SRC) and the Canada Department of Agriculture (CDA) in trials ur - FE 593 in 1969 and 1970. The purpose of these trials has been tc^^jsess the downwind drift of selected 2,4-D formulations, when sprayed at normal agricultural rates, under similar weather conditions and this overall purpose is to be maintained in the current series of trials. �- 2 - UNCLASSIFIED Tentative results from trials 4-11 of this series suggest downwind drift of 2,4-D dimcthylamine is restricted to f.'ne aeWsol released with the spray, but in the cast of the butyl ester, tjie initial drift of aerosol is followed by vapour evolved from the sprayed area. SRC/CDA wish to c o n f i r m these results and to determine the droplet and vapour components of downwind drift for 2,4-D isooctyl ester. t s^ DRES ia interested in this trial series for the purpose of making fundamental measurements on the sprayed materiil. For this reason DRES has entered more fully into the trial program and has agreed to share the cost of the tagged 2,4-D esters and amlne which are to be used, in addition to providing facilities for the trials and for subsequent analysis. 3. OBJECTIVES a. SRC/CDA 1) To spray areas of prairie terrain separately with 2,4-D dimethylamine , butyl ester and isooctyl ester. x^ 2) To obtain aerosol samples at the downwind edge of an area sprayed with 2,4-D dimethylamine. 3) To obtain initial aerosol and sequential vapour samples at the downwind edge and downwind of areas sprayed with 2,4-D butyl ester and 2,4-D isooctyl ester. b. DRES 1) To determine the mmd of spray from a selected spray nozzle 2) To determine the density and drop size of ground deposits from the sprays with each 2,4-D compound. 3) To determine the drop size of the airborne droplet clouds and the change in droplet size with downwind distance. 4. SCOPE Two successful trials are required with each of the three m£-,_ rials. If time and we-ather permit, two further trials with 2,4-D dimethylamine will be attempted: one under optimum spraying conditions and one at high wind speeds. �UNCLASSIFIED A suitable area near the Vertical Grid Layout. 6. WEATHER a) Wind direction b) Winti spued? any 3--16 r.i/hr; but >16 ni/hr for one dine thylar.ine trial c) Air Tenperaturt : d) Precipitation, e) Stability; rot higher than 95°F nil for 24 hr prior to and during a trial neutral to noderate lapse <ATERIAL a) 2,4-D butyl ester, 2,4-D dinethylanine and 2,4-D isooctyl ester, all tagged C 11 *. Activity 2.5 mCi, minimum per trial. b) The above three materials, untagged, provided by CDA. c) Boom sprayer complete with nozzles size 65015 d) Pie plates: e) Cascade Irapactors: f) Chromatographic (silica gel) paper 4"x4! . g) Rotary droplet samplers; 1C per trial h) Airborne Cloud Samplers: 66 i) Gasoline Pumps. J) 5KVA Electrical Generator 24 per trial 9 per trial 27 plus spares 24 per trial �- 4 I. LAYOUT UNCLASSIFIED ,. } Details of the sampling layout arv given in Figure 1. Ground C o_n t a :ui n a lion S a r:; p 1 i n g Dry pic plates each con nining n 4 : xA" sheet of silica gel :hroraatographic paper will bt: used ris ground samplers. The desired {round contamination density is 10 oz. 2,4-D ester or amine per acre. Rotary droplet samplers will be used to collect sprayed iroplcts for sizing. A suitable source of electric power is required for this purpose. Vapour and Aarosol Sampling Vapour and aerosol samples will be collected by silica gel samplers operated at 50 l.min 1 by gasoline pumps. Silica gel samplers equipped with a "snoot" attachment will be oriented downwind it all sampling positions for measurement of vapour components. V 10! and vapour components will be measured at some sampling poV^tions by means of unprotected silica gel samplers oriented upwind. Samples of the airborne particulate cloud will be taken for sizing by Cascade impactors. 9. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS A met station will be set up in a position close to the upwind edge of the layout. The following meteorological information is required: a. b. Wind direction at 2n c. Air and surface temperatures d. Teoperaturc gradient At; - I/2n e. ^^ • Wind spjjds at 1/2, 2 and 4n Rolotiv^ hu .iuitv f. Cloud conditions and sunshine �UNCLASSIFIED 10. PROCEDURE • * i n i t i a l d i l u t i o n of t i n i . - g ^ u d 2 , '* ' N f o r m u l a t i o n * w i t h uataggcd n a t . r U l w i l l b . Jo IK a t t : i u Xn<" i i c t t v c S t o r e s B i t e s . S u b s e q u e n t a d d i t i o n v.f w i t . r w i l l I. d..n* -it: »:ho t r i a l s i t t . The Lav our. "<11 he orio nted on the basis of the forecast wind direction and the spray iren narked out with its long axis crosswind. Aftjr -ill samplen -.,« v v been ctr.pi iced ind tested, a "dry" rur. will jc nadc with tht b i..or sprayer to check traverse speed, following which the apparntus v/il 1 b.' charged with the designated material. Aspirated oinplorc and the rotary drop samplers will be started and on instructions fror. H/TSS the area will be sprayed in a single pass. Zero fur the tria 1 will be the start of spraying, The residual agent in the sprayer will be weighed to determine the weight of charging dispersed. Silica gel samplers will be oriented as follows at l/2nt 1m and 2n heights: ATERIAL POSITION ISOOCTYL ESTER AMINE BUTYL ESTER 1 U + 3 D 1 U -I- 3 D i n 1 D 1 D 1U + 3 D 1D 1D 1U + 3 D 1 2 3 4 1 U + 3 D 1 D 1 U + 3 D 5 1 D 1 D 1D 6 7 8 1 D 1 D 1D 1 U -I- 3 D 1 U + 3 D 1 U + 1 D 1 D 1U + 3 D 1D 1 U + 1 D 1 D 1 U + 1 D 1 D 9 10 u pw 1 nd 0 • downvind 1D 1D �" 6 UNCLASSIFIED Vapout, and aerosol sampling vill proceed according to the following schedule Ay r o s o 1 s.v.ap 1 in^ : a) Sllicn gel a.'iaplurs b) Cascade impact ors: 'I to Z + 3 r.iin. Z tn Z + 3 nin. Vapour snr.nl ing : a) Silica g»_i samplers at positions 1, 4, 7 Z tc Z + 3, Z + 3 to Z + 30, Z + 30 to Z + 90 min. b) Silica gel samplers at remaining positions: Z to Z + 90 nin. » Pie plates will be capped and picked up as soon as the spray pass is conpletcd. Rotary samplers will be switched off and collected thereafter. 11. PHOTOGRAPHY A still; black and white, photographic record is required of the layout and sampling equipment. 12. ANALYSIS Ground contamination, vapour and aerosol sampling will be analyzed by liquid scintillation counting by CDA with ORES assistance. Droplet sizing from rotary sampler records will also be 'carried out at ^RES. Analysis of cascade ir.pactor samples will be carried out by SRC/CDA. 1 RAD1ATIOK S..FSTY a) It is expected that i total of 30 mCi of C 1 * 4 tagged 2,4-D ester and aminc will be at DRES prior to this scries of trials. �UNCLASSIFIED amount of r;' '• u be used in my one t r i a l w i l l b^ 2. 5-4.0 nC i. OVriiC».ipt, the t-vgged 2,4-D «ter n.d 2,4- r J anlne will be kept in ,tlu Radioactive Stong*. Building. Ail m i x i n g of these material* for spraying will be Juno at t h a t l o c a t i - n . b) Kiln badges will be worn by all personnel engaged in the trials with r i d i o a c t i v u m a t e r i a l . c) The vehicle ueed to transport tagged material from the mixing site to the layout will carry R a d i o a c t i v e Material' signs front and rear and on both sides. The boor sprayer reservoir will carry -a trifoil radiation warning sign, d) The bo^r. sprayer will b,. flushed three tii^es vrith water and once with isoprcpyl alcohol following each spray run with tagged material, 'J"UB,J rcfiiduei* fron these trials will be collected on site in s u i t a b U -uitaiutr:-' w h i c h will be dumped in the Radioactive Disposal Area . e) Rooms 222E and 222P, Central Laboratory, are designated as the areas in which samples fron trials with tagged materials will b andled. The rooms will be signed accordingly (medium level l^^^ratory) and access to then will be restricted to personnel directly concerned with this field experiment. f) A post trial survey will be conducted to follow the decay of beta activity in the sprayed area. It is expected that this will not be measurable for more than 30 days. 15. ADMINISTRATION H/Chem Provide Radiation Safety Officer, Chemical test team, Co-ordinate sampling schedule and record sampling tines. Provide sampling equipment; arrange for purchase of C 1 U tagged materials; assist ir* analysis; prepare report dealing with ORES oojectivcF. Provide film badges as required. �•- 8 - UNCLASSIFIED H/Tech S-«- In c h - r g o of tri.-.l. Layout pi apnr-itioa. Record zero and spray run tirr.cs. Provide spray apparatus S-.nplc of sprayed m a t e r i a l s to Ch .ri 5. i'ix 2,4-D niter in Is and viler is directed by SRC. Provide ' kp. iioac t;;.vti •iatcrial'1 signs for 'ui r ;. tions vohic 1 c as required. ori cf ?.r-ount of agent dispersed H/rtct "orvjoast and nctvjorological C L s c r v a t i o n s. SRC/CDA Provide untaggod 2,4-D esters and amini.. Assist in layout and sample preparation and analysis. Prepare report dealing with SRC/CDA objectives. H/Photo Group Still photography. �S.M. 4S/TI UNCLASSIFIED 1 1 0 OOO StOci tiigtin (0-3ii*» Mm! M TO^, I**d2m) ^ ,£ O SiO«l 3omptor» (TO j^ , 1 ond 2 m ) 6 O P»« PM» D ooo 30 ^ i^M • 6 ooo 'O ^ t + *.»««,»»—, 6 ooo «8 IS Ont (5 ooo 10 K SO Z D <*-*. N * (){.> ^ (5 M. ^^ G ooo «o * ^^^ <> ^ am 6 A. Pit PtM* ilMraMti illtof fMl ooo <y ?• ooo •f WW. T 2Q*n 1 npriyy gtrtrt- 1 12.5m LAYOUT F»E» 593 ITfUALS 12—191 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 005 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0050 Series The series number of the original item. Series I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cameron, B.G. J. Monaghan Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>Defense Research Establishment Suffield: Ralston: Alberta Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-06-01 Title A name given to the resource Downwind Travel of Herbicides (U): Procedures to Used in Trials 12-19, Field Experiment No. 593 Subject The topic of the resource weather conditions spray equipment herbicide testing https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/2dcc38c5420380365b522bd035fcc1e1.pdf e60a6a95dfc10bdfc6ee8120c2438c33 PDF Text Text Item ID Number: Author CorpOratB Author ooose Currie, D.J. Defense Research Establishment Suffield: Ralston: Alberta Roport/Artldo TitlB Downwind Travel of Herbicides: Procedures to be Used in Field Experiment No. 593 Journal/Book Title Year ^ Month/Day Jul 22 Color v n Number of Images s DBSCrlpton NOtOS Project Authorized in DRB 6800-1 -1 dated 3 July 1969 Thursday, November 16, 2000 Page 36 of 46 �:;i:i:OHAM>U!l HO: M/f.Q UNCLASSIFIED , ir. .I.1",' -' '' • ... •;•;?, ,<**,.:••; „•. ,,-*••••;?«?%. ' v r •" $*•->•;• K i l S f i A R C ' H i'S oc A.MJKRTA r ; / A., D TRAVEL OF JJE'RBICIDES •by \ . / / D. J . ^ > *»**,.- PROJECT AUTHORI^i^.. IIJ. Q§B 6800-1-1 dated Julffe-1^^ Jul WAtNINO -t-r- �DEFENCE RESEARCH CSTAIJLISHilEJi? SUF^IELD •"'PALGTOU ALBERTA SUFFIELR MEP10RANDIF? W: 71/69 DOWNWIND TRAVEL Op HERBICIDES. (Procedures to be used in Field Experiment . Ho: 593). 1. REFERENCES . . . . t I \ a. SRC letter dated 14 ''Tay 69 (ORES 221-50/3). b. Proposed pesticide field trial program, prepared by SRC 23 Jun 69 c. DRB 6800-1-1 dated 3 Jul 69. 2, PURPOSE _ , i The pumose of this trial is to determine the amount of 2,4-D ester that is likely to drift from a typical ground application of the material under several weather and ' • spraying i conditions. ^ , .' , t : ' ' • - . ' • -. . 3. SCOPE The experir.:ent will consist of two to four trials which will be conducted under weather conditions typical of spraying operations as conducted on farm land. Measurements will be made of liquid, vapour and aerosol contributions fror.i herbicide put on a layout of cross-wind dimension ISO meters, downwind dimension 12.5 m, The desired ground coverage (sprayed material is ^ R/m2. . . ' . I , r • *»• SITE _ . . ' . - ! Vertical Grid layout. -i 5. WEATHER a. Wind direction - any. \: �UNCL/'SSIFIEP ——"— .2b. VUnct speed - 4_- 1C m . p . h . ; ••'". V'-i i • ' _.,__,^ n V ; • '• ' "' t,'V '" ^•'<j£ c. A'ir Teianeraturc- - not nifher than 95°F, d. Weather - I'o precipitation during trial period or previous 24 hours. e. ... : , Stability - Near neutral to moderate lapse. It is desirable that single trials be conducted under eacii o p the following weather conditions: Trial Temperature _(°F) Wind Speed (m.p.h.) 1 55-75 4-8. • 2, 75-90 4-8 3 55-75 . 12-16 - 4 75-90 12-1^ ! 6. MATERIAL a. b. c. . . . . . . . 2,'I-D butyl ester dyed 1% Nlgrosine Black (provided by SRC). Agricultural boon sprayer (nozzles provided by SRC). 'Pie platec - 45. d. c. i Cascade impactors - 12. DHLS bubblers.- 500 maximum. f. Bubblor racks - 14. ; •••< ' '.•''' -' . ' ~ ;. "'" ' ' ; n. Paper sampers (9 In x 6 in sheets on 18 inch square jump cards) - 36. , . ; h. Gasoline pumns - 19. i. Aerosol samplers (pip^ cleaners) - 14, • ' = ' Figure 1 is a diagram of the trial layout. .. . , ,: ; �8. PROCKDUI&S a. All samplers .will b- set out prior to zero at positions, .dictated by wind direction. Pie plates will certain no solvent. Aerosol samplers wil!^ be placed at 1/2 rn arid 1 m on tho 30 n and 75 in Is amp ling areas. ' b. A meteorological OP as designated by the PEO will be set up to take meteorological measurements during the trial period. c. After around saraplers have been positioned a trial '• run will be made by the boom sprayer crew to ensure their familiarity with the layout and to achieve the desired traverse speed. The apparatus will then be charged with the material to be sprayed in an area designated by the FEO. d. Or. instructions fror.i the FEO, the layout will be sprayoJ in a single pass. The start of the spray will be zero for the trial. e. Pie plates will be cnppod and picked up as soon as possible after the boom sprayer has completed its pass. Junp cards will be recovered immediately following this recovery. f. Vapour sanplcs will be taken at 1/2, 1, 2, 3 and 5 m on the T- r. ore and 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 m on the 75 m arc. VAfO.UR 6 A! TUNG SCHEDULE 9, Arc Interval (nins). 30 r, O-l/':, l/'i-2, ,?-10, 10-30. . • •' ..;:", ,* • • i • - ' ' 75 - \ r>-i/?* I/-?-?, 2-10, 10-30 121; r. o.^, ^-10, n-30 300 :. 0.' ^\ ' .T!:t.- following meteorological information Is required d u r ' n ^ oac:. t r i a l . a t Win- spcc-as at 1/2, 2 and in n. b t Wind direction at 2 n. �. „ . -|U UIJCLASSIFICD c. Air $txi ^surface? tonpt. i ratures. d. Temperature gradient 'I rc - 1/2 m. e. Relative humidity. f. Cloud conditions and sunshine. •Al)f1INlSmRA1'Ior 11. K/TECH S ' ".'"••% .' " ' In charge of trial. Layoi '.; preparation. Record zero and spray run times. Provide spray apparatus. Sample of sprayed material to.CHEM S. Mix j-D jster, water and dye as directed by H/CHEM Provide Chemical test team, samplers and chemical analysis. Co-ordinate sampline; schedule and record sampling times. Prepare samples for despatch to SRC. H/:IET Forecast and meteorological observations. .i SRC ; ' - I Provide 2,^-D ester. Assist in layout and in chemical analysis. Additional analysis as required. * , . . . .., i i -. ..• �a -toutsAT AT JO* PLATES AT 10 M. INTERVALS &-JUMP CA*D& AT 10 M. SPACING o-CASCADF IMfACTOW AT 10M. SPACtftQ �•; -DEFENCE HESEAHCH ESTABLISHMENT oU^if,ljj; :: v--< v * RALSTON ALBERTA F|ELD EXPERIMENT NO; 59? AMENDMENT NO. J. \ • ,, • ••' • '. -. , r; ' •'- '- by D, J. Currie • i i ' }• ' • PROCEDURES - Paragraph 8f should .,be amended to. read: • ^ _ ^ ^ * . ' ' • ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^• * •;' ' "Vapour samples will be taken at 1/2, 1, 2, 3 - " " ' '" ft ' ' ' and 5 m in the 30 m arc,and in the 75 m arc,between the sprayed area and the centre line of the layout. Beyond the centre line, vapour samples will be taken at 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 m heights. Vapour samples will be taken at 1/2 m and 1 m in the Incomplete segment of the layout, where poles are not yet provided, should wind direction dictate the use of this portion of the vertical grid layout. 2. - Paragraph 9 should be to read: Arc 30 m 75 > 175 m Interval (mins) 0-2, 2-10, 10-30 0-2f 2-10, 10-30 ' . :...- .. .f* ., . . ! ; JJ5 -.-» | .. . ., 0-30 Insert new Figure 1 attached. �HL VISED TRUM. L/VOUT MLAHC US* MACKS AT jo- **cme O - POLES AT 10* 3»ONG «e H^ns ATIOM, A - JUMP CAM* AT 10 M. o - CAK^OC IMPACTOW AT H JULY, � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 004 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0036 Series The series number of the original item. Series I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Currie, D.J. Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>Defense Research Establishment Suffield: Ralston: Alberta Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource July 22 1969 Title A name given to the resource Downwind Travel of Herbicides: Procedures to be Used in Field Experiment No. 593 Subject The topic of the resource spray equipment weather conditions herbicide testing https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/0a48e64f32932a938262f9960ccb36e1.pdf c94302ede8cad70f390f81d03e646f50 PDF Text Text Item ID Number 0024 ° Author Corporate Author Roport/Artido Title Form: Military Insecticides, Use in Vietnam, AOPO/November-December 1983; Document Source: DOA/HQ, 1st Infantry Division, Office of the Chemical Officer, 31 October 1969 Journal/Book Title Year 000 ° Month/Day Color Number of Images DOSCriptOU NOtOS n 1 Briefly describes vector control apparatus, used to augment other equipment used to disperse malathion Monday, January 22, 2001 Page 252 of 341 �Military Insecticides Use In Vietnam AOPO/fcfovember-December 1983 Document Source 4J Date of Document *3| Ocl \ 5 Insecticides Mentioned (Type/Quantity/Use) Gt, /^/ ex kl- wejub^ P<U u Other Information If Available Method of Application location of Application Military Unit if Different from Above Names of Personnel Mentioned Significant Event (s) - Spill, Fire, Explosion, Clean-up , � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 019 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0240 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Form: Military Insecticides, Use in Vietnam, AOPO/November-December 1983; Document Source: DOA/HQ, 1st Infantry Division, Office of the Chemical Officer, 31 October 1969 Subject The topic of the resource pesticide application spray equipment Ranch Hand https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/293c71af89da87614c118285fe2c4494.pdf 7f7f144e445462eed16aad842ebd06e1 PDF Text Text Item ID Number °0363 Author Smallwood, A. M. Corporate Author Hayes International Corporation RepOrt/ArtlClO Title lnternal Defoliant Dispenser A/A45Y-1 Journal/Book Title 1967 Month/Day Color Octot er > n Number of Images 62 DOSOrlptOH Notes ^lvin L- Youn9 nac) tnis item filecl under the category "Equipment - How Developed, How Used"; contracts AF 08(635)-3609 and AF 08(635-4894 Monday, January 29, 2001 Page 363 of 382 �Smallwood, A.M., 1967 /UNLIMITED Internal Defoliant Dispenser A/A 45Y-1 AD 833 990 Technical Report distributed by Defense Technical Information Center DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY Cameron Station • Alexandria, Virginia 22314 ^ERQMEDICAE LIBRAI JAN 10 1980 UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED COCUMENTS �THIS REPORT HAS BEEN DELIMITED AND CLEARED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE UNDER DOD DIRECTIVE 5200,20 AND NO RESTRICTIONS ARE IMPOSED UPON ITS USE AND DISCLOSURE, DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED, ��AFATL-TR-67-127 Internal Defoliant Dispenser A/A45Y-1 A. M. Small wood R. I Dear . A. R. O r t H J HAYES INTERNATIONAL CWPORATION T E C H N I C A L R E P O R T A F IT L - T R - 6 7 - I 2 7 OCTOBER 1967 This document is subject to special export controls and each transtnittal to foreign governments or foreign nationals may bo made only with prior approval of the Air Force Armament Laboratory (ATCB), Eglin AFB, Florida 3 AIR FORCE ARMAMENT LABORATORY AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND E G L I N A I R FORCE B A S E . F L O R I D A �INTLKNAL DEl'OLIANT DISPENSER A/AU5Y-1 A. M. Smallwood R. L. Dear A. R. Ortell Tills document is subject to special export controls ami each transmittal to foreign governments or I'ureign nationals may be made only with prior approval of the Air i'orce 'Armament Laboratory (ATCD), Eglin AID, Ilorula �FOREWORD Under Contracts AF 08(G35)-3609 and A F 08(G35)-4804, Hayes International Corporation, Birmingham, Alabama has developed the A A45Y-1 Internal Defoliant Dispenser as a quick in-out system for the C-130 and C-123 aircraft. This report, covering tlie period of October 19G5 thru October 196.7, formally records the engineering data generated under the above contracts including results, conclusions, and recommendations. This report is covered under project number 2525 and task o der number 02 and deals primarily with AF Contract AF 08(635)-<t894. The cognizant USA F'project engineers for this program were Lt Arnold \V. Blomqaist, Lt Jon II. Arvik, Lt W. J. Crea, Jr. and Lt K. A. Reynard of the Air Force Armament Laboratory, RTD, Biological-Chemical Division (ATCB), Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. Messrs. A.M. Smallwood (project engineer), R. L. Dear, and A.R. Ortell.wcrc the principal investigators and authors of this report. Mr. J. F. Cundiff provided considerable technical assistance in programming the digital computer for the program and writing the fh'id analysis. Messrs. F. J, Weatherbee, J. D. Stewart, and B. L. Lewis provided considerable technical assistance in the design of the A/A45Y-1 dispenser. Mr. J. L. Harrington, Chief of the Airborne Weapons Group, was responsible for the overall effort. Information in this report is embargoed under the Department of State International Traffic In Arms Regulations. This report may be released to foreign governments by departments or agencies of the U. S. Government subject to approval of the Air Force Armament Laboratory (ATCB) Kglin AFB, Florida 32542, or higher authority within the Department of the Air Force. Private individuals or firms require a Department of State export license. Publication of this report does not constitute Air Force approval of the report's findings or conclusions. It is published only for the exchange and stimulation of ideas. Nicholas H. Cox, Colonel, USAF Chief, Bio-Chemical Division ii �ABSTRACT Hayes International Corporation has developed the internal defoliant dispenser, A/A45Y-1,suitable for quick in-out installation in the C-1^0 and C-123 aircraft. The internal defoliant dispenser provides for loading, transporting, and dispensing of 058 gallons of defoliant chemical, and in case of an emergency, dumping the full load of chemical overboard in leas than one minute. The dispenser was designed to deliver agent at a concentration of three gallons per ncrc over an effective swath width of 120 feet from an altitude of 150 feet in either the C-123 or C-130 aircraft. The results of tests conducted at h'glin Air Force Base, Florida indicated that the optimum parameters for the C-K10 aircraft were an altitude of one hundred feet and a maximum swath of .seventy feet to obtain a concentration of three gallons per acre. The optimum parameters for the C-12;J aircraft were an altitude of 150 feet and a maximum swath of 10 icet for the same concentration. The fuselage-mounted spray boom does not deliver the defoliant agent far enough outboard to be affected by the action of the wingtip vortices. Previous testing with defoliant agent demonstrated that wing mounted booms subject the spray to these vortices and produce wider swath width. It is recommended that an optimized wing boom be developed in order to increase the swath width. This document is subject to special export controls and each transmittal to foreign governments or foreign nationals may be made only with prior approval of the Air Force Armament Laboratory (ATCH), l.'glin A F B , Florida :',2~>1'2. iii (The reverse side of this page is b l a n k . ) �BLANK PAGE �TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION I H IE IV V INTRODUCTION DESCRIPTION OF A/A-I5Y-1. INTERNAL DEFOLIANT DISPENSER TANK AND CRADLE ASSEMBLY DUMP VALVE CONTROL CONSOLE MAGNETO SWITCH . CHOKE SWITCH START SWITCH THROTTLE SWITCH SPRAY VALVE SWITCH DUMP VALVE SWITCH FLOAT SWITCH OVERRIDE ENGINE TACHOMETER FLUID PRESSURE INDICATOR CIRCUIT BREAKERS SPRAY BOOM AIRCRAFT INSTALLATION DEVELOPMENT TEST OF THE A A-15Y-1 INTERNAL DEFOLIANT DISPENSER SYSTEM PERFORMANCE LIQflD LEVEL GAGE CALIBRATION CONVERSION FACTORS FOR VARIOUS AGENTS REFILL BY MEANS OF THE I N T E R N A L DEFOLIANT DISPENSER JET PUMP EMERGENCY DUMP TEST FLOW HATE TEST USING AN INDUCED PRESSURE . . . . SYSTEM PRESSURE LOSS ANALYSIS DISPENSER PERFORMANCE RANGE SUMMARY OF RESULTS AND CONSEQUENT RECOMMENDATIONS APPENDICES I SPRAY BOOM DRAG ANALYSIS n AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND iw\LANCE IH STRESS ANALYSIS (C-123 AIRCRAFT) IV STRESS ANALYSIS (C-130 AIRCRAFT) V MILITARY SPECIFICATION REFERENCES PAGE 1 2 4 G G f, 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 13 17 17 17 IK 24 2-1 2-1 <17 r>:$ .r>r> f»7 05 99 127 Ml �LIST OF ILLUSTHATIONS FIGURE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1-1 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 D d f g II h^ K = = = = = - Major Components of Defoliant Dispenser Defoliant Dispenser (right side) Centrifugal Pump Dump Valve . Control Console Spray Boom and Associated Plumbing Installation in C-123 (left side) Installation in C-123 (right side) Typical Agent Deposition (C-123 Aircraft) Typical Agent Deposition (C-130 Aircraft) . . . .Refill Test Apparatus Refill Rate with Various Agents Using A 10-Foot Length of Refill Hose Refill Rate with Various Agents Using A 20-Foot Length of Refill Hose Refill Rate with Various Agents Using A 30-Foot Length of Refill Hose Refill Rate with Various Agents Using a 50-Foot Length of Refill Hose Emergency Dump Rate lor Various Agents with A/A45Y-1 Dump Valve Flow Rate Test Apparatus System Performance Test Results A/A45Y-1 Fluid Flow Schematic A/A45Y-1 Fuselage-Mounted Spray Boom System Pressure Loss A/A45Y-1 Dispenser Performance Range - Agent: Water. A/A45Y-1 Dispenser Performance Range - Agent: Orange or Purple A/A45Y-1 Dispenser Performance Range - Agent: Blue . A/A45Y-1 Dispenser Performance Range - Agent: White . Speed Penalty Determined From C-123 Speed/Power Data . 20 21 22 23 . . 25 26 27 29 35 4^ 49 . . .. . . 50 51 52 50 ^ LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS internal diameter of pipe, feet internal diameter of pipe, inches friction factor in formula hj j ;i fLv"/D2g acceleration of gravity, 32.2 feet per second per second total head, feet of fluid loss of static pressure head due to fluid flow, feet of fluid resistance coefficient or velocity head loss in the formula, h L = Kv 2 /2g vi PAGE 4 5 7 y 9 10 n ..12 14 15 19 �LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS (Concluded) L L/D P Q q R S = = = = = = length of pipe, feet equivalent length of a resistance to flow, pipe diameters pressure, pounds per square inch gauge rate of flow, gallons per minute rate of flow, cubic feet per second at flowing condition Reynolds number specific gravity of liquids relative to water, both at standard temperature (00°K) v A ft We = = = mean velocity of flow, feet per second differential between two points weight density of fluid, pounds per cubic feet absolute viscosity, pound mass |>cr foot second or poundal seconds |x>r square loot Me = absolute viscosity, slugs per loot second or pound force seconds per square foot vii (The reverse side of this page is blank.) �SECTION I INTRODUCTION The purpose of this technical rc|x>rt is to present engineering dnta generated under Contracts AF »8(G35)-3G09 and AF 08(G35)-4894. These contracts resulted in the development of the internal defoliant dispenser, A/A45V-1, designed to disseminate various chemical agents-utilizing C-123 and C-130 aircraft. The capability for quick installation and removal of the dispensing system with minimum modification to the aircraft was a prime requirement under these contracts. Compliance with this requirement resulted in the use of a fuselagemounted spray boom. Due to the narrow spray swath width generated by the fuselage-mounted boom, an Air Force-developed wing spray boom is used to achieve a wider swath width in current tactical applications. The report contains a description of the dispenser. This is followed by a section on development tests of the internal defoliant dispenser. System performance is then provided encompassing liquid level gage calibration, conversion factors for various agents, refill by jet-pump, emergency dump test, flow rate test using an induced pressure, fluid analysis of system with thirtyfoot fuselage-mounted spray boom and dispenser performance. Within the appendices arc fuselage spray-boom drug analysis, weight and balance analysis for C-123 and C-130 aircraft, stress analysis, and dispenser specifications. 1 (The reverse side of this page is blank.) �SECTION II DESCRIPTION OF A/A45Y-1 INTERNAL DEFOLIANT DISPENSER The A A-15Y-1 Internal Defoliant Dispenser is a complete airborne defoliant dispensing system. The dispenser is packaged to permit rapid installation into, and removal from, C-130 and C-123 aircraft, with only minor modifications required to the affected aircraft. 809 figures 1 and 2. . The Internal .Defoliant Dispenser, Part No. A/A45Y-1, provides for loading, transporting and dispensing of 958 gallons of defoliant chemical, and in case of an emergency, dumping the full load overboard in less than one minute. The tank and cradle assembly is mounted on detachable casters which are removed before anchoring in the host aircraft. A control console is electrically connected to the aircraft electrical system, controls and indicators in the flight compartment, and the electrically operated units within the system. Pressure is applied to defoliant chemical by an engine and pump assembly mounted on the cradle assembly. The defoliant is transported to a 30-foot fuselage-mounted spray boom. The fuselage boom incorporates eighteen (18) whirljet spray nozzles through which the defoliant chemical is discharged into the airstrcam. LEADING PARTICULARS Length (app) Width (app) Height (app) (without casters) Weight Empty Full Capacity Normal operating pressure Normal dispensing interval Emergency dump time Electrical system Dump valve operation Refill time (app) Dump valve Spray valve Suction valve 16 feet, 4 inches 4 feet, 10 inches G feet, 1905 Ibs 12, 055 Ibs with agent having a specific gravity of 1.27 958 gallons 55 +_ 5 psi 3 to 4 minutes Less than 1 minute 28 volts dc (supplied by host aircraft) Electrical or manual 15. 5 minutes with an agent having a specific gravity of 1.27 through a 50-foot length of refill line Electrical, 10-inch diameter Electrical, 3-inch diameter Manual, 3-?nch diameter The dispensing operation and emergency dump valve operation can be controlled from either the control console near the tank and cradle assembly or from the pilot's position in the flight compartment. The pump is capable of maintaining 55 \_ 5 psi pressure during the normal 3-1/2 minute (approx) period of operational sprnying. Refilling the lank assembly is accomplished with power and equipment contained within the dispensing system. �,TANK VENT MANHOLE COVER DUMP VALVE TANK ENGINE EXHAUST LIQUID LEVEL VIBRATION ISOLATOR SEGMENT CENTRIFUGAL PUMP MAIN SPRAT VALVE CONTROL CONSOLE TEMPERATURE INDICATOR JET PUMP REFILL CRADLE Figure 1. Major Components of Defoliant Dispenser Tank and Cradle Assembly The tank and cradle assembly is the major unit of the entire system comprising (1) a 058 gallon tank with baffles, manhole, tube connections and stabilizing and ticdown brackets: (2) an engine and pump assembly consisting of a four cylinder horizontally opposed engine and pump directly coupled to the engine crankshaft; and (.'!) a cradle equipped with four detachable casters which carries the tank and engine and pump assembly. A temperature gage and a fluid quantity gage ai-e installed in the tank. The engine is slightly modified from its original configuration to achieve adaptability to the requirements of the dispenser system. The detachable casters arc provided for limited mobility and arc removed after the unit has been positioned in the aircraft. �'Figure 2. Defoliant Dispenser (Right Side) �The defoliant in the tank is fed through a suction line to the pump (two assemblies used on C-130 aircraft). The pump driven by an air-cooled engine forces the defoliant through a discharge line to a spray valve. A recirdilation line is provided so that the defoliant will'reeirculate back through the tank when the spray valve is closed. \Vhen the spray valve is open, the defoliant is forced into the spray boom and atomized by spray nozzles. When the lank is empty, a float-pi>erated switch located in the tank automatically stops the engines. On C-130 aircraft, when either tank is empty, the engine of the empty unit will automatically shut down. The spray valve will not automatically close until the second unit's tank empties and the float switch is actuated. Tlu centrifugal pump (figure 3) consists essentially of an impeller and pump body and is driven by the engine through a direct drive. The speed of the engine controls the quantity of defoliant being dis|>ensed. The recalculation line incorporates a jet-pump (ejector) tank refilling system which utilizes the fluid left in the tank from prior operation to initially operate the jet pump. A temperature gage and liquid-level indicator located on the side of the tank indicate defoliant temperature and quantity respectively in the tank. Dump Valve The dump valve is an electrically or manually operated 10-inch diameter gate valve (figure -1). It is designed for horizontal (vertical flow) installation and liquid flow in only one direction. The bottom of the defoliant tank incorporates a vortex interrupter and adapter to which the dump valve is secured. The dump valve assembly is aligned with an opening in the belly of the aircraft. Tlus ojxming is covered by a spring-loaded door. A high speed motor coupled to an actuator provides 2-second operation of the dump valve in either direction. Valve-open condition is electrically indicated on the control console and on the pilot's instrument panel. Control .Console ft The control console is the nerve center of the defoliant system (figure 5). All functions arc controlled from this position; all monitoring equipment is located in this position; and the electrical supply is channeled and protected at this position. Prefabricated electrical cables tie the control console to all related parts of the system including the controls on the pilot's instrument panel and the aircraft electrical supply system. Tandem or single installations are controlled and monitored from tlie control console without any changes or alterations being performed. In the event of failure of the aircraft electrical system, (certain critical functions have an option of manual operation. Magneto Switch - The MAGNETO switch (AFT UNIT and F\VD UNIT) is a singlcpblci double-throw toggle switch used to control the engine magneto. In the down position the engine magneto is grounded. In the up position the ground is removed from the magneto permitting the engine to run (if lank is not empty). �Figure 3. Centrifugal Pump Choke Switch - The CHOKE switch (AFT UNIT and F\VD ITCIT) is a springloaded pushliutton switch used to control the solenoid that actuates the engine choke. When depressed, the CHOKE switch applies power to the engine choke solenoid. Sta_ Switch - The START switch (AFT ITs'IT and FU'I) I^IT) is a spring-loaded pusi iiitton switch used to control the engine starter. When depressed, the START switch applies power to the engine starter. The START switch is guarded to prevent accidental engagement of the engine starter. Throttle SwUch - The THROTTLE snitch (AFT UNIT and FU'I) UNIT) is a threeposition toggle switch spring-loaded to the neutral position. The switch lias INCREASE and DECREASE positions and is used to electrically control the engine throttle through a geared servo-motor, The engine throttle may be set at any intermediate position between minimum and maximum engine vpm by positioning the switch to INCREASE or DECREASE and releasing to the neutral position when desired engine RPM is reached. A governor on the engine m a i n t a i n s engine speed at a given setting. �Figure 4, Dump Valve Spray Valve Switch - The SPRAY VALVE switch is a single-pole double-throw toggle switch used to electrically open and close the spray valve. In the "OPEN position power is applied to open the spray valve. In the CLOSED position power is applied to close the spray valve. The SPRAY VALVE switch is guarded in the PILOT position. A cockpit SPRAY VALVE switch is also provided for control of the spraying operation by the pilot. Dump Valve Switch - The DUMP VALVE switch, located at the extreme left side of the control panel (figure 5), provides electrical control of the dump valve. The switch is provided with a guard which maintains the switch in the CLOSED position. Placing the switch in the OPEN position actuates the valve motor and opens the dump valve. The cockpit DUMP VALVE switch provides electrical control for opening of the dump valve by the pilot. Operation is in conjunction with the console DUMP VALVE switch. Placing either switch in the OPEN position actuates the dump valve motor and opens the dump valve. Float Switch Override - The FLOAT SWITCH OVERRIDE (AFT UNIT and FWD UNIT) is a single-pole double-throw toggle switch (with a holding cc.l) used to override the float switch (in tank) when the float switch has grounded the magneto. The FLOAT SWITCH OVERRIDE is spring-loaded in the down position and when �FLUID REFILL f t O A l SHITCM OvrKKIOt fwD UNtl A F T UH1T STARTIR AND CHOKf T H R O I T L C S IMOICATOR1 IPRA1 VALVf © OICBfAlt © © Figure 5. Control Console placed in the up position, enables the engine io be run when the tank is empty (in order to fill the tank using the pump). The holding coil holds the FLOAT SWITCH OVERRIDE in the up position until ihc float switch is actuated. Engine Tachometer - The engine tachometer is dual indicating (two needles) and indicates engine speed in hundreds of HPM. Fluid Pressure Indicator - The FLUID pressure indicator indicates fluid pi'ossurc in increments of 2 PSI. When properly calibrated this gage can be used as a flow-rate indicator. Circuit Breakers - Four circuit breakers (STARTER AND CHOKE, THROTTLES, INDICATORS, and SPRAY VALVE) control power to the control panel and provide protection from electrical overload and short circuits. Spray Boom The spray boom (figure (>) can accommodate 18 spray nozzles for dispensing the defoliant. The spray boom is constructed of 4-1/2-inch diameter steel tubing. The discharge line is off-set from the ccntcrlinc of the spray boom to allow the aircraft's ramp to operate with the dispenser installed. The spray boom is attached to the fuselage with six struts. �INSTALLATION SlUUTi SPRAT NOZZLI SPRAY BOOM INSTALLATION iTKUTS Figure C. Spray Boom and Associated Plumbing Aircraft Installation Installation of the dispenser in C-123 aircraft consists of towing the tank and cradle assembly (unfilled) into the aircraft and securing it to the aircraft floor utilizing twenty 10, 000-pound hook and chain assemblies and the cargo floor tie-down fittings (figures 7 and S). All piping and hose assemblies, and the dump valve chutes, are installed and the console assembly mounted to the aircraft floor. The spray boom and connecting struts are attached to outside fittings on the aircraft and the electrical cables are connected. In the case oJ the C-130 aircraft, two dispensers are installed in the same manner and ; interconnected. . 10 �Figure 7. Installation in 0123 (I,clt Si<!o) 11 �^'4- Figure 8. Installation in C-12.3 (Right Side) 12 �SECTION III DEVELOPMENT ThST OF THE A/A45Y-1 INTERNAL DEFOLIANT DISPENSER Development tests and evaluations of A/A45Y-1, In the C-130 and C-123 aircraft Force Base, Florida,, durlm; the period of for the C-130 and 26 June 1964 to 22 July objectives were to determine: the internal defoliant dispenser, were conducted by APGC, Ef-.lin Air 2 October 1963 to 20 December 1963 1964 for the C-123. The test compatibility of the dispenser with the aircraft capability of instillation servicing (refilling) capability removal'of the dispenser from the particular aircraft in accordance with Hayes* operation and maintenance manuals are.?, coverage capability. It was fouvi'l during these/evaluations that the dispensers were compatible with both aircraft. The aircraft commander reported no unitsu.il effects on the flight characteristics of either aircraft in transporting the loaded dispenser. Dispenser iiv-t .illation and removal tests scheduled for the C-130 aircraft were not accomplished due to desip.n chanr.es that affected the [-.round h a n d l i n g of the dispenser. Three i n s t a l l a t i o n and removal tents wen- conducted durin-.-, the C-123 test program. The three t»-sts (install and remove) required 12, 5, and It manhours, respectively. Thr> refillini-. procedure as recomnendcd by Hayes' operations and maintenance nanuals was satisfactory but somewhat inefficient (40 minutes per dispenser for the C-lJO aircraft). A r;e 1 f - 1 i 11 infeature was incorporated by Hayes prior to the C-123 test, program which reduced the time required to f i l l each tank iron 40 minutes to 20 ninultv; when fillinc, is done from 35-tviilon drum::. The area coverage capability test of the dispenser (s) in the C-130 and C-123 aircraft was conducted to determine ground concentration of defoliant: agent (gallons per acre), swath width (feet.), droplet si/.e (microns), and flow race (gallons per minute). The desired ground concentration of three gallons per acre for a 120-foot swath width was not obtained. Figure-; ') and 10 illustrate typical agent deposition from the tvo aircraft. In both test--;, the desired droplet size of 150 to 30G milrons mass median diameter was obtained. The maximum flow rate obtained during' the C-130 and C-123 tests were 390 and 275 gallons per minute, respectively. 13 �C-123 AIRCRAFT SWATH WIDTH (FEET) Figure 9. Typical Agent Deposition (C-123 Aircraft) �C-130 AIRCRAFT 6 CPA (GAL) 5GPA H o 4 CPA 03 O Q ' , 3GPA I 2 CPA — I GPA 210 180 150 120 90 60 30 30 SWATH WIDTH (FEET) Figure 10. Typical Agent Deposition (C-130 Aircraft) 60 90 �SECTION IV SYSTEM PERFORMANCE Liqiii d -Level Gago Ca lib rat ion Before any system performance tests could be conducted, it was necessary to calibrate the liquid-level gage which is mounted on the siiie of the defoliant dispenser. To calibrate this gage, the dispenser was first weighed in the empty condition and the weight recorded. The t.ank was then filled with water to the 1/4 mark on the gage and weighed. Water was then added until the 1/2 mark on the gage was reached, and the tank again weighed. Filling then continued to the 3/4 mark and the weight: recorded. The dispenser Was then filled to the "Full" level and the weight recorded. At this point, the water was pumped out through the spray valve until it reached the level at which the float switch cuts the system off. The dispenser was then weighed again and the weight recorded. This procedure was repeated twice to obtain an average weight for each level. From these weights, the volume (in gallons) was calculated for each level on the gage, The results were: Gage. Level Volume (Gal) Full 958 3/4 807 1/2 495 1/4 184 Float Switch Cut-Off 54 Conversion Factors for Various All system performance testing was conducted using water as the agent; however, values were also needed for the agents which are used in the system. For this reason, additional small-scale tests were conducted to determine factors whic. could be used to convert the values obtained for water to values for each agent. To determine chc conversion factors applicable to refilling the tank, a small pump rated au 2.3 gallons per minute was used to pump one gallon of water and one gallon of each agent from one container into another through 3/4-inch tubing. The time required to accomplish this for each liquid was recorded. The conversion factors were then calculated by dividing the average values of pur.iping time for each agent by the pumping time for water. 17 �Results wore as follows: Specific Gravity Viscosity (75°F) (Cent is tokos) Conversion Factor Purple 1.27 38.2 1.161 Orange 1.27 38.2 1.161 Blue 1.335 8.8 1.124 White (Tordon 101) 1.15 243.0 1.312 Agent In determining conversion factors applicable to the gravity dump time through the A/A45Y-1 dispenser's emergency dump valve, a Zahn #3 cup was used. Forty-four millilitcrs of each agent and water were allowed to flow through cup and the time recorded for each. Here, again, conversion factors were obtained by dividing the values for each agent by the value for water. Results were as follows: Agont Orange Conversion Factor . 0.90 Purple 0.90 Blue 0.85 White (Tordon 101) 1.45 Refill by Moans of tlio Internal poi'oll.-mt Dispenser Jet Pump The apparatus used in performing this test is illustrated in figure 11. It was set up such that the inlet end of the refill hose was at the same elevation as the jet pitnp so that induced head loss would not be present. Using a ten-foot section of refill hose (MIL-H-8974-32), the time was recorded for filling che dispenser to the 1/4 level on the liquid level gape. The water was then .pumped out until the float switch cut off the system. Time was then recorded for filling the system to the 1/2 level. This procedure was repeated for 3/4 and "Full". Three tests were run at each level in order to obtain an average time. Those tests were repeated using 20, 30, and 50-foot lengths of refill hose. The values of refill time obtained for water were converted to the agent values by the methods discussed in Lho previous section. Refill time as a function of quantity of liquid is presented in figures 12 through 15 for each agent. 18 �JET PUMP 59 GAL DRUM WATER SUPPLY LINE Figure 11. He-fill Test Apparatus �1000 FULL LEVEL (958 GAL) 3 4 LEVEL (807 GAL) 1/2 LEVEL (495 GAL) to o ORANGE OR PURPLE WHITE (TORDON 101) 1/4 LEVEL (1S4 GAL) 100 FLOAT SWITCH CUT-OFF LEVEL (54 GAL) 10 11 12 13 14 15 REFILL TIME (MINUTES) Figure 12. Refill Kate with Various Agents Using A 10-Foot Length of Refill Hose 16 1? 18 �1000 FULL LEVEL (958 GAL) 3 ' 4 LEVEL (807 GAL) 1 2 LEVEL (495 GAL) ORANGE OR PURPLE WHITE (TORDON 101) 1/4 LEVEL (184 GAL) 100 FLOAT SWITCH CUT-OFF LEVEL (54 GAL) 10 11 12 13 14 REFILL TIME (MINUTES) Figure 13. Refill Rate with Various Agents Using A 20-Foot Length of Refill Hose 15 16 17 18 �1000 FLOAT SWITCH CUT-OFF LEVEL (54 GAL) 11 12 13 14 15 Figure M. Kefill Hate with Various Agents Using A 30-Foot Length of Hel'ill Hosts 16 17 18 �1000 FULL LEVEL (958 GAL) 3 4 L E V E L (807 GAL) o 1/2 LEVEL (495 GAL) o ORANGE OR PURPLE 300 ^ WHITE (TORDON 101) 1/4 LEVEL (184 GAL) 200 100 FLOAT SWITCH CUT-OFF LEVEL (54 GAL) 1 2 3 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 REFILL TIME (MINUTES) Figure 15. He-fill Rate with Various Agents Using a 50-Foot Length of He-fill Hose 16 17 18 �Emergency Dump Test In determining the dump rate through the A/A45Y-1 emergency dump valve, the tank was filled with water three times to each of the liquid levels indicated on the liquid level gage. In each case, the valve was actuated electrically and the flow of water from the tank timed until the water level reached the float switch cut-off point (54 gallons). The values of time were converted for each agent and plotted as a function of gallons of water or agent to be dumped (figure 16). FlowRate Test Using an Induced Pressure The objective in conducting this test was to determine the flow rate of the dispenser for any given pressure or head. The apparatus used in the performance of this test is illustrated in figure 17. A flowmetcr (Scries 5000, Pottermeter) with a three-inch nominal inside diameter was mounted to the downstream side of the spray valve. A three-inch manual gate valve was mounted immediately downstream of the flowmeter. In addition, an indicator (Potter Aeronautical Corporation Model 519) was connected to the flowmetcr to indicate flow rate in gallons per minute. In conducting the test, pressure was induced into the system by manually changing the orifice area of the ga.te valve thus varying the restriction imposed upon the flow of water. At all times the level of the water in the tank was held between the "3/4 level" and "full" to iisure the same positive head of liquid on the suction side of the pump and a constant engine speed ot 3600 RPM was maintained. At each position of the gate valve blade, the spray valve was electrically actuated to the open position. The pressure from the indicator on the console and the flow rate from the flow indicator were recorded. The test was conducted three times, moving the valve blade from "closed" to "full open" in small increments, to insure reliable data. The test results were plotted in terms of induced back pressure versus flow rate. The conversion factors, previously discussed, were applied to the values for water and curves were plotted for the specific agents involved. These test results arc presented in figure 18. System Pressure Loss Analysis The purpose of this analysis is to ?.»«.ilytlcally determine the dispenser pressure loss at various fluid flow rates. In the following section the results of the analysis is combined with the previously mentioned flow rate test to form the dispenser performance range. The majority of the formulae used in this analysis is extracted from Reference 2. Many of the values used are extracted from Reference j{. When a formula or value taken from this paper is used, the page number ofl which it is found is noted on the right hand side of the page. 24 �1000 i i i r^ FULL LEVEL (958 GAL) 7 900 3 4 LEVEL (807 GAL) 800 \WATER BLUE- 7 700 ORANGE OR PURPLE' a. £00 500 1 7 LEVEL (495 GAL) z in O _J O \ WHITE T (TORDON 101) 3 O Ul (O 400 L 7 7 300 '/ 200 1.4 L E V E L (184 GAD- 100 FLOAT SWITCH CUT-OFF LEVEL (54 GAL) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 DUMP TIME (SECONDS) Figure 1C. Emergency Dump Kate for Various Agents with A A'15Y-1 Dump Valve 80 �3 IN. MANUAL GATE VALVE Figure 17. Flow Rate Test Apparatus First of all, the line sizes must be determined. Determination of line size from tank to spray boom: Requirements: 400 p,pm @ 15 ft/sec v = 0.408 Q/d2 d = 0.408 Q/v 400 0 408 15 d = 3.298 inches 26 Page 3-2 �90 -t S 80 ID */> S a. o £ o S 70 60H i o 50 40- 30 20 0 100 200 FLOW RATE - CPM Figure 18. System Performance Test Results 400 �However, the 3-inc'i suction and discharge ports on the Gorwan-Rupp pump necessitated using 3-inch outside diameter (O.D.) tubing with a 0.0d25-inch wall thickness. Thus, a slit-Jit: increase in velocity occurs. The fuselage-mounted spray boom is constructed of 4.5-inch O.D. stainless steel tubing with a wall tliicknoss of 0.237 inches. The increase in line size in the boom was dictated by structural stiffness requirements for Ll.e C-130 aircraft which has a considerably greater speed capability than the. C-123 aircraft. The agent which is pumped through the tubing system shown in figure 19 has a specific gravity of 1.3 and a viscosity equal to 30.0 ccntistokes @ The total head is found in four parts. The first part to be. analyzed is the suction line; i.e., the section of line between the spray tank and the pump. Suction Head: Suction line velocity: Page 3-2 Equation 3-2 .408 .408 v = (2.S75)2 10.74 ft/sec Reynolds number: Page 3-2 Equation 3-3 32.2 /-Co. = JJJc 8.2 x 10-4 (81.2>(0.240)(19.74) (32.2) (8.2 x 10'4) Rc = 1.456 x 104 28 Page 11-5 �359.1 1 A =^ y WHtRL JET SPRAV NOZZLE - NO 3 < Bl?0 5C-ELBO* REDUCER OME INCH TO 3 i 1 IN POPPET V A L V E VEE B*Mt> COUPLING 3 IN DIA FLEX LINE 3 IN. POPPET CHECK VALVE 3 IN. VALVE - WOTOR OPERATED 3 IN VALVE - MANUALLY OPERATED PUMP - MOTOf! DRIVEN SUCTIOMCONE PIUKIO O U T L E T '1 IN LilA LINE TAIL BOOM - 4 1 2IN. 0 0 19. A/A45Y-1 Fluid Flow Schematic �Friction factor: For a 3-inch SolieiUilc-40 pipe at a flow having an RC = 1.456 x 10* the friction factor Is: f = 0.029 Page A-25 = £ - .'°4 = 1.38 C .029 Page A-26 Suction cone: L/D 12 inch radius 90° bend: L/D = 13.6 Page A-27 L/D = 7.5 Page A-27 30 Page A-30 12 inch radius 29° bend: Schedule 40 90° standard elbow: L/D = Exit into pimp: L/D = £ = —L. = f .029 34.43 Summation o£ L/D's: L/D = 1.38 + 13.6 + L/D L 7.5 + *= = 34.48 86.96 = (DHL/0) = L 30.0 + (69)(.4) 8.6 020 20.87 feet Total equivalent length oC pipe: L = 2/12 + L = 0.167 +.1.0 L 12/12 = + 53/12 + 4.417 * 26.,45 feet 30 + 20.87 20.87 �Head loss due to flow through suction cone, tubing, bends, and exit i n t o pinup: hL h, L = hi. = 0.1863 0.1863 = &— Page 3-2 Equation 3-5 d 2.875 19.368 foot of a«;cnt Head loss for 9-incli f l e x i b l e hose (3-inch O.D.): For AGO gpm, the pressure drop is 0.7 p s i / f t 0.7 p s i / f t x 0.75 ft hL = (0.525) (2. 31) hL = = (1.213)(1.3) = Anaconda Catalog G-700, Page D-5 0.525 psi 1.213 feet of water = 1.577 foot of agent Head loss for a 3-inch gate valve: The formula for A l l in inches is: For 400 gpin, /'-.I I hL = (7. 34) (1.3) = = AH = 0.0000:459Q2 7.34 inches O t 7 9 6 Fcot of agcnt Total Suction Head: hL = 14/12 + 19.368 + 1.577 + 0.796 hL = 1.167 + 19.368 + 1.577 + 0.796 hL = 22.908 feet of agent Next the head is found for the discharge l i n e ; i.e., the line between the ^ump and the spray boom.: The line velocity and the friction factor arc the same as for the suction line. i Sharp edged entrance to pump: L/D = £ = f -.* °.5 0.029 = 17.24 Page A-26 �Two (2) Schedule-40 90° standard elbows: L/D 45° - ()3) = 2(0 60.0 Page A-30 12-inch radius: L/D = (40(53 = 1.).3) 7.50 Page A-27 45° Miter bend: L/D 45° = 15.0 Page A-27 9-inch radius through fuselage: L/D = 12.0(.533) = 6.4 Summation of L/D's: L/D = 17.24 + 60.0 + 7.5 4- 15.0 + 6.4 L/D L = L/D(D) - •= 106.14 (106.14)(0*240) = 25.47 feet Total equivalent length of pipe: L = L = 14 18 21.5 . 26.75 . 192 , 46.625 . , , - , - , 12 + 12 + ~TT + ~W~ T T2 + ~12~ + 25 ' 47 1.167 + 1.500 + 1.792 + 2.229 + 16.00 + 3.885 + 25,47 L = 52.043 feet Head loss due to flow oF agent through elbows, bends, tubing, and sharp-edged entrance to pump: hT h. = L hL <= 0.1863 0.1863 ( . 2 ) (52.043)(19.74) 009 2.875 = 38.109 feet of agent Head loss for 3-inch check valve: 32 �Tlio formulae for the pressure drop and lici.nl loss thronj'.li t h i s chock valve are: 1 A P = .-0.005Q + l«l. = 2.0 CAP)(2.3l)(S) For tin- Q of /»00 npm: AP = 0 therefore However, for flow ralos loss than A 00 upm, there w i l l he a p p r e c i a b l e head loss. lleaJ loss Tor 'Uinch v.ate v a l v e : Tliis value is Hie same as for t h e \\mc v a l v e In the sue- 1 ion l i u o . iij = 0.7% feet of ai-.fnt Head loss for C l o x i b l o hose ( J - i n o l i O.D.): Tlu-ro are llireo (3) sod ions of f l e > - i h l e l i n e between the spr.iy valve and the spray boom. I, Pressni-e drop = .: K ». 'yS^JjJvjq 0.7 p s i / f t b (j = !),_ =, 20.80 feet (see l >-iiu-h f l e x hose in sue I ion l i n e ) (0.7 |>si/l'l)(:>O.K'))C>. •}]) (!..:>) = A 3.0 1 J foe( of at-ent T o t a l Dl.sehari',0 Head: -Ih. '- :W.lO l l h. 0.7'K. -I- 0.7'Xi + 4J.'M3 = 8 2 . 7 I A feet: of no'nL - �At this point in the system, the flow of agent leaves the 3-inch lino and enters the spray boom, which is shown in figure 20. The line size for the spray boom has .already been determined as 4.5-inch O.D. stainless steel pipe with a wall thickness of 0.237 inches. The nozzle arrangement is symmetrical about the centerline of the spray boom; however, the entrance to the boom is offset approximately six feet from the centerline. In this analysis, the worst condition, which is the longer section of spray boom. Is analyzed for a flow rate of 200 gpm. There are a total of eighteen nozzles on .the spray boom. Each nozzle dispenses agent at a rate of 400 gpm/18 nozzles or 22.22 gallons per minute. As the flow passes each nozzle, the total flow rate is reduced by this amount. With each chance in flow, the agent velocity, friction factor, and Reynold's number also change. These values must be recalculated at cacli nozzle location in order to find the head loss in the next section of line. In calculating the spray-boom head loss, the first head loss is encountered where the 3-inch O.D. discharge line exits into the 4.5-inch O.D. boom. This is calculated on the basis of a sharp-edged exit. K = L/D L 1.00 = - L/D(D) = L = Page A-26 34.48 (44) (,4) 3.8 020 81275 feet Head loss due to exit from discharge line: h. L h L = 0.1863 ~^d = 0 1863 ( , P29) (3.275) (19.74)2 0• " ' 2.875 hT = 6.059 feet of agent Station 0.0 to Sfation 149.63 /.a r,i 12.47 feet 34 �STA 25138 SI* 233 A3 STA 22163 STA 20ft] STA 19763 STA IBS 43 STA 1736} STA 16163 STA 1496} STA CC 4 SYMETRlCAL EXCEPT AS SHO»N If"fl'"T T 3-E I !—17 3 i- • 7 EQUAL SPACES — - 101 3 4 Figure 20. A, A45Y-1 I^usclagc-Mounted Spray Boom �Velocity: v v .408 Q/d 2 = ,408 = 20 ° (.2) 4062 .0 48 v = 16. 087 / 5.034 f i / s e c Reynolds number: Dv R0 32.2 /rc (81.12)(.3355)(5.034) 32.2 (8.2 x = R0 I0"f) 5190 Friction factor: f = 0.037 Head loss: "L IIT L .1863^ 1863 ( . 0 3 7 ) ( 1 2 . A 7 ) ( 5 . 0 3 4 ) 2 4.026 = ' j^ = = 0.541 foot of agent Station 149.63 to Station 161.63 L Q = = Q = 3G 1.0 feet 200 - 22.22 177.78 B pni �v .408 Q/il 2 = 177.78 v " .408 v = 4.47 1 } f l / s o c (4.02() 2 (8l.l2)(.333--,)(4.475) ( 3 2 . 2 ) ( 8 . 2 x 10*') Re 0.038 hL h, = ll| = ,18ft 3 .J863 =. - .015 s 4.026 fCH't Of flJ'.CMlt S l a t i o i i 161.63 I o S t a t i o n 173.63 L Q = = 177.78 - 1.0 foot 22.22 = 135.56 (4.026) 2 v R0 = = 3.<)H) it /sec _(».!. U) (.33!>5) ( 3 2 . 2 ) (8. 2 x 10-'1) Re = 1030.90 R0 = x 4037 x velocity velocity �f hL = (.040) (1.0).(3.916)3 .1863 . h^ = 0.040 0.028 feel of agent Station 173.63 to Station 185.63 L Q = v 155.56 = .408 Rc « - 1.0 feet 22.22 14 • , (4.026) 2 = = f .- l« T '= = = 3.356 ft/sec 3460 0.0415 (.0415)(1.0)(3.356) 2 1 nir 4.026 -,«<•-. J .1863 = 133.34 ft/sec 1030.90 x 3.356 Re , h = 0.022 feet of aj;cnt Station 185.63 to Station 197.63 L Q = 133.34 = - 38 1.0 feet 22.22 = 111.12 gpm �v v Re = /ft0 .408 = = 1T.I.12 (4.026)2 2.797 ft/sec 1030.90 x 2.797 t = = 2883 0,044 (P044)(1.0)(2.797): * f 4 7 0 2 6 ,0,, .1863 h^ = 0.016 feet of agent Station 197.63 to Station 209.63 L Q v = = 1.0 feet 111.12 - 22.22 88.90 408 " Rc = = 2 238 ft/sec - = 2307 0.047 1863 (•0^7)(1.0)(2.238) : 4.026 - L h, 88.90 gpm (1030.90)(2.238) = f h, = = 0.011 feet of agent 39 �Station 2 ' . 3 to Station 221.63 0)6 L Q - 88.90 = 1.0 Coct - 22.22 = 66.68 66.68 v = .408 R_ = 2 = (1030.<>C) (1.678) = 0 IL = = 1730 0-037 "^ hj 1.678 ft/soc 4,026 0.005 foot of ap.ont Station 221.63 to Station 233.63 L Q = 66.68 v - .408 R0 = = - 1.0 foot 22.22 , , , -.2 v { -t • VJ..O^ = 44.46 >-,pm = 1.119 f t / H o c (1030. «())< 1.110) 1 1 5'. -10 = = 0.055 1154 �hT . .1863 L 4.026 hL = 0.003 ffiet of agent Station 233.63 to Station 251.38 - Q - Rc .0 48 » 1.479 feet 22.22 gpm 22.22 (.2) 4062 = 0>559 Et/scc - (1030.90)(0.559) = h, L 576.27 1863 (0.ni)(l.A70)(0|.559)2 ' 4.020 hL * 0.002 feet of agent Total Spray Room Head Exit from discharge line Station 0.0 to Station 149.63 Station 149.63 to Station 161.63 Station 161.63 to Station 173.63 Station 173.63 to Station 185.63 Station 185.63 to Station 197.63 Station 197.63 to Station 209.63 Station 209.63 to Station 221.63 Station 221.63 to Station 233.63 Station 233.63 to Station 251.38 Total Spray Boom Head 6.059 feet 0.541 0.035 0.028 0.022 0.016 0.011 0.005 0.003 0.002 6.722 foot of agent 41 �An illustration of the plumbing through which the flow of agent travels from the point it leaves the spray boom until it enters the airstream is presented also in figure 20. Since the maximum pressure change between pump and nozzle occurs at the outboard nor.sle (Station 251.38), the head loss is calculated at this station. In leaving the spray boom, the agent flows through a sudden contraction. However, the flow must also make a 30° turn. In order to properly analyze this condition, the L/D ratio is found for a sudden contraction and also a 30° miter bend. Head Loss -_ Spray Boom to Check Valve; Flow; Q = 22.22 gpm Velocity: v= -^TiToi^ v «' 8.239 ft/sec Reynolds number: R e (81.12)(.087)(S.239) (32.2)(8.2 x 10"4) Re = 2203 Friction factor; f = 0.050 30° Miter bend: L/D = 8.0 Sudden contraction: d^ = 1.049 inches; d., * 4.026 inches T • 4.026 rr d 42 Page A-27 �K = 0.43 Page A-26 K 0.43 f " 0.05 L/D 8.6 Summation of L/D's: 3.0 + 8.6 L/D 16.6 L « L/D(D) -f- 5'875 L = L 16.6(.087) + 0.490 = L 1.444 -t- 0.490 = 1.934 feet Head loss: h = L 1863 ( . 5 ) d.934) (8.239)2 000 ' 1.049 hj ** 1.166 feet of agent Check valve head loss: Pressure drop = 1.85 psl @ 22.22 gpra h^ = 5.556 feet of agent Contraction upstream of 3/4 inch street elbow: dj^ = 0.719 inches d2 = li = 0.801 d2. K = O f 12 45 43 0.897 inches James, Pond' & Clark, Inc. Catalog,Pg 6. �22.22 v » 17.537 ft/sec R = (81. 12) ( 0 ) (17. 537) .6 (32. 2) ( . 2 x 10"4) 8 Re = 3233 f - 0.045 , K " I 0.12 0.045 •' = 2 67 6 ' L = L/D(D) = (2.667) .(P-719) L * 0.160 feet hj = .1863 (-045)(0.160)(17.537)2 h^ = 0.573 feet of agent 90° street elbow: L/D = 50 Average internal diameter V = 408 - = 0.88 inches 22.22 (.82 08) v = 11.707 ft/sec R = (81.12)(.073)(11.707) (32.2)(8.2 x 10"4) Rc = 2626 f = 0.0475 44 . �L h 10 = L/D(D) = = L S.O—^ « 3.67 feet 1863 (•M75)(3.67)(11.707)2 ' . 0.88 HL = 5.058 feet of agent Contraction downstream of 3/4-inch street elbow: di = 0.500 Inches dl d£ = 0.941 inches _ 0.500 ~ °5 '3 K = 0.32 v = 0.408 .(2.2!-2..2). (0.50) 2 R = 36.263 ft/sec (81.12)(.042)(36 263) (32.2)(8.2 x I ' ) D4 = e „ 0.042 T/n L/D = — = --—•• 32 = 7 7 f 0.042 L/D(D) = L = 0.317 feet = 1863 ( 0 2 ( . 1 ) 3 . 6 ) .4)037(6232 0.50 hL = 6.523 feet of agent Spray Nozzle: From the data available in the Spray Systems Company Catalog 25, a formula was derived to calculate the pressure required to dispense a known flow of agent. The formula is: 45 �P = 0.069215 f Q per Kozzle 12 I Conversion Factor I The value of the conversion factor can also be extracted from this catalog if the specific gravity of the agent is known. QPN = 22.22 gpm C.F. 0.877 0.069215 P •= 44.431 psi (44.431 lb/in2)(144 in2/ft2) 81.12 lbs/ft3 = 78.872 feet of agent Total head loss downstream of spray boom: Spray boom to check valve: Check valve: Upstream contraction: 90° street elbow: Dowastream contraction: Spray nozzle: 1.166 feet 5.556 0.573 5.058 6.523 78.872 97.748 feet of agent Total pump head for 400 gpm: Suction head: Discharge head; Spray boom head: Head downstream of spray boom: Total Mead ( 0 gpm) 40 22.903 82.714 6.722 97.748 H 210.092 feet of agent This analysis demonstrates the procedure lor determining the total head for a certain agent at a certain flow rate. The head for any flow rate can he calculated in the same manner. Likewise the total head £an be found for any liquid agent hy changing the values for specific gravity, viscosity, and the spray nozzle conversion factor. 46 �This procedure has been programmed for the IBM Model 360-30 computer. The program was exercised for four different agents currently being used in conjunction with the A/A45Y-1 system in addition to water. Flow rates ranging from 1 to 400 gpm were analyzed. The agents and their characteristics are shown in the following cable. Liquid Agent Viscosity (? 80°F (Ccntistokcs) Specific Gravity Water Orange Purple Blue White (Tordon 101) 1.000 1.270 1.270 1.335 1.150 . Spray Nozzle Conversion Factor 1.00 38.2 38.2 8.8 243.0 ' 1.000 0.887 0.887 0.865 0.931 The results of the computer tabulations were plotted for total head (feet) versus flow rate (gpm) and are illustrated in figure 21. Dispenser Performance Range Successful operation of the dispenser depends upon the ability of the crew to recognize the dispenser's capabilities and limitations. The dispenser performance information presented herein is sufficient in scope to permit an estimate of what may be expected of the dispenser under normal conditions. In order to determine the operating range of the dispenser, it was necessary to perform a test to establish the pump performance curve and secondly, to mathematically perform a fluid analysis of the entire dispenser from the tank to the spray nozzles. This test and analysis has bo:;,-! explained in the two previous sections. Figures 22 through 25 combine the aforementioned test and analysis curves to establish the operating range of the dispenser for various chemical agents. The intersection of the two curves represents the maximum flow rate obtainable at 3600 engine KPM. In using these graphs, locate the desired flow rate on the horizontal scale of the appropriate agent graph; move vertically to the point of intersection with the theoretical system loss curve; then move horizontally and read the required pressure from the vertical scale. The speed (rpm) of the engine must be adjusted while spraying, so that che required pressure is indicated on the pressure indicator located on the control console. The cross-hatched area labeled "Operating Range" encompasses all values of back pressures or pressure losses that the system can theoretically pump against as a function of engine speed and flow rate. 47 �UJ UJ u. < UJ £ 200 FLOW RATE - GPM Figure 21. System Pressure Loss 300 400 �9080- 70- UI HI u. 1 a < itto o o_ UJ X 50100 40UJ D. 302010- o- 200 FLOW RATE - GPM Figure 22. A/A45Y-1 Dispenser Performance Range - Agent: Water �300 90- 200 ,-PUMP PERFORMANCE CURVE - 3600 RPM 80- 70- tu ui m en o 60- 1U X i ////, 50- UJ 100 u en a. 40- as m ^h s ^OPERATING; RAKGE ^ 30- 20- 10- 0- 100 200 300 FLOW RATE - GPM Figure 23. A/A45Y-1 Dispenser Performance Range -Agent: Orange or Purple 400 �9080- 7060Q. i 01 o: UJ HI u. 1 o < til X 5040- Of Q. 30 - 20- 10- 0- 100 200 FLOW RATE - GPM Figure 24. A/A45Y-1 Dispenser Performance Range - Agent: Blue 400 �300 90- 200 ^Tmrr-^ 8070to o 60- ui ui X a. V//7WK 50100 UJ ce A M L3 UI tfs ae. • PUMP PERFORMANCE CURVE - 3400 40- X -MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE POINT CL 30- \THEORETICAL SYSTEM LOSS CURVE 100J 100 200 300 FLOW RATE - GPM Figure 25. A/A45Y-1 Dispenser Performance Range - Agent: White 400 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 025 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0363 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Smallwood, A. M. R. L. Dear A.R. Ortell Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>Hayes International Corporation Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-10-01 Title A name given to the resource Internal Defoliant Dispenser A/A45Y-1 Subject The topic of the resource spray equipment Ranch Hand aircraft herbicide application https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/72bd3c5cad88684102499b4a3763d6f4.pdf f48c60acb34d785e5100dded455174e2 PDF Text Text Item D Number 01932 Author Young. Alvin L. Corporate Author ROpOrt/ArtlCiO TItlfl Letter: to Polor Shannon from Alvin L. Young, December 22, 1982. Journal/Book Title Year 000 ° Month/Day Color Number of Images 1 DOSCrlptOH NOtOS Letter answers a question Shannon asked by telephone on Docombor 21 regarding amounts of spray drift. Thursday, July 26, 2001 Page 1932 oM 957 �Deoerabwr 22, 1082 10A7A Shwmon Australian 1601 m, nc MO 36 Tr--e, follCMirej int'onstinn is .'siven in r«sply to yonrtelar>:::>riivCftll o» lViCf*?»iH:r 21. ? i^; ovffi liable on tho Fr.r»u/:»- of .Irift that wouV' h«v«> by (-^} HferbicL'Ifa, ^r^ {!/} ina>aotici ••?«-£. sr:.my<Ml by CF.fi, ^3 vinci strccatit anr? h'sli.csv-^-'* rei'pcctiv.*.}!"/, Ov»f>y vh^t distance s*r>ul-:1 spray b«svo be«r;« cxpewrt^ to -5 of _ tu« nr."123.VVAaSY-l frga "yst«s. Mr " Sores Tadiicftl P^porc ^ ( X V l w - o - T l , Al»0 p.) tost pwyir«r:i ftVcilnaMnq rssan rctrjwt'-ry of Ti«; rb5.cri:'<e Orfi^;o I?/ -rj'co cKi frrra six viissic??-:?. fjcwrs under cpcr«t a!? iti ?:>.oufch vi«*trvv/. vars 87^. **ic rwainiivj 13% may have cine? Sx> sair.pl Irvi t**d';niqiicj or r*iay fc\«!\w fall«3 to iK».«ct thr sfffpling array '.Jt*? to drifl: or volatility* Thv nwsr- rarfcic?.,*? ai«« for the sis isis-story;. O.^*wn war. 3'S7 wicrr,-!!. ilarriqafi it> t"rw aiscwe t«st prtvfras- with ner)ii«t;*o Ot^info, fciT^ t\w follcwinq <Yoplot: n tr.ion in t;%Parfcicl»?.s I«JB thsr? 10 !> wlcron 3*'-"* perrv-nt 100 tc> *>f.M; wicron "76 ,2 psccant 500 ^icfon 23 «*> percent n qen^cnl, tctst. staiirf. ; at fx?lin AKTi Ploeivla Kif-.y-r^tst that herbicide l-'i h-aw ruini'fially rtrtl t**fl. ^*» i.^ct fstinvjtes uw!w; t':j<? operation sanf^i vt.ru iftiS for u'>- ir Southwa^t Aaio wouW place 73ft of cidcr inc2'.Kii:x> ^rft v;trv:i volet il« jr>iti&a, within the spray nvr/.t/j R.IT.I tivs1 ror^.ir'dn'j 2S« wit 'dn 1 V*.s i't if? also li^ftly thint «#5^ of tif iiis^cit.it..*v:i*; vWlfj' haw Uie*': :'.w;x- :-itfcVin!;?;C«-r'tefl within 1 ksp, S-iricc rij.lv* cc: I0.s7 HP.11 02o � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 074 Folder The folder containing the original item. 1932 Series The series number of the original item. Series III Subseries IV Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Young, Alvin L. Title A name given to the resource Letter: to Peter Shannon from Alvin L. Young, December 22, 1982. Subject The topic of the resource spray equipment herbicide testing ao_seriesIII https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/bbe3dd5ae7a23003154d445c92e1fa7b.pdf 2829adad1af30d0df77eb7a31551d451 PDF Text Text Item ID Number 0031G Author Young, Alvin L. Corporate Author Manuscript: Meeting Notes: Meeting with Dr. Terry Biery and Lt. Col. George Rowcliffe at AF/Pest Control Board Meeting, WRAMC, Washington, D.C., 13 September 1979 Journal/Book Title Year 000 ° Month/Day Color Ll Number of Images 4 Desoripton Notes Monday, January 22, 2001 Page 316 of 341 �13 £c ���- TV L. &jgtfo '. ^r A,<"oa ^i r^€^oUoi^j0etc LA& ^r'csQ*^ V � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 020 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0316 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Young, Alvin L. Title A name given to the resource Manuscript: Meeting Notes: Meeting with Dr. Terry Biery and Lt. Col. George Rowcliffe at AF/Pest Control Board Meeting, WRAMC, Washington, D.C., 13 September 1979 Subject The topic of the resource spray equipment Ranch Hand aircraft https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/b099b714a8b9d376e8783773193adcbf.pdf 467d2277afcc7b03997d8d3b266c2768 PDF Text Text Item ID Number Author 00251 1 Reynard 1 Corporate Author Report/Article TitlB Memorandum: Request for Analysis of Sprayed kromekote Cards, 28 September 1967 Journal/Book Title Yeer Month/Day Color Number of Images Desoripton Notes Found in a file labeled: "Correspondence Concerning the Use of Defoliants in SEA and the Role of Air Force Personnel, Nov 1962 - Oct 1967"; Date stamped 29 Sep 1967; refers to a demonstration of a new nozzle, possibly related to item 250. Monday, January 22, 2001 Page 251 of 341 �ATG ATX S9SEP ATCB (Lt Reynard/882-2457) ATE Request for Analysis of Sprayed Kromekote Cards ATS APGC (PGVBD-1/Lt Goodwin) ATP 1. A representative of the Armament Laboratory witnessed a demonstration of a new nozzle design on 20 Sep 67. About 100 Krornekote cards were placed perpendicular to the path of the spray aircraft. The defoliant which was dispensed was a mixture composed of 33.5% 2,4D; 31.9% 2,4,5T, and 34.6% kerosene (all are volume percent); the density of this material is unknown. 2. ATCS requests that the CB Laboratory examine these cards to determine droplet spectrum and mass median diameter in support of Project 5172. E. R. DAVIES, Lt Colonel, USAF Chief, Biological Branch ATB ATC ATT ATW fVTZ OTHER Name, Office Symbol of Originator Date Typist's Initials ^ J. AFATL Form 0Nov 1966 COORDINATION SHEET XAFSC - eOLlrt Af«, FLA. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 019 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0251 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Reynard Title A name given to the resource Memorandum: Request for Analysis of Sprayed Kromekote Cards, 28 September 1967 Subject The topic of the resource spray equipment https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/e98f3c1113d2ae89657f2bcd824a1381.pdf 464c6eb84cb054c71be2154cd91d8a87 PDF Text Text Item ID Number °0232 Author Sholdt, L. Lance Corporate Author RBDOrt/Article TitlO Memorandum: Some Pesticides Used in Vietnam During June-December 1968 by 1st MARDIV (REIN) FMF; report of, from L. Lance Sholdt to R.H. Grothaus, 14 August 1980 Journal/Book Title Year 000 ° Month/Day Color Number of Images n 2 Monday, January 22, 2001 Page 244 of 341 �v.__ ;-V /iff; .A'/-.-''' I'.'ZCC :01: fr. •••25C. li August ]9SO From: To: Officer in Charge CDR R. H. GROTHAUS, Assistant Executive Secretary, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Forest Glen Section, WRAMC. Washington, DC 20012 Subj : Some pesticides used in Vietnam during June-December 1965 by 1st MARDIV (REIN) FMF; ^eport of Ref: (a) Chairman, AFPMB Itr of 18 July 1980 1. In accordance with reference (a), the following information is provided regarding the subject use of pesticides in Vietnam. The data vas compiled from monthly reports from the Preventive Medicine Officer, 1st MARDIV (REIN) FMF, to the Division Surgeon, 1st MARDIV. Reports were available for only the last six months of 1968. The region involved included the immediate and surrounding areas of DaNang, Phu Bai and An Hoa. 2. Pests and Vectors a. Mosquitoes larval control adult control b. 11,600 Ibs 3,511 gals 270 gals 2% Baytex granules 6% Malathion 1.5%.Malathion Rodents 1000 zinc phosphide torpedoes 1000 Ibs diphacin blocks c. Cockroaches 25 gals 17 gals d. 0.5% Diazinon 0.5% Baygon Filth Flies 13 gals 44 gals 53 gals 6% Diazinon 6% Malathion 1% Diazinon 3. The following were pesticides issued to various units in the 1st MARDIV TAOR during the six-month period: �DVECC:01:fic 6250 482 gals 486 Ibs 0.5% Diazinon 2% Baytex granules 168 Ibs Warfarin 263 Ibs 74 Ibs Diazinon dust 1% Lindane dust 115 gals 57% Malathion 5 Ibs 4. 5% Chlordane dust The equipment used to disperse the pesticides included: Dyna Fog cold foggers John Beam hydraulic sprayer Grandap aerial dispersal rig Mity Mite back packs Hand compressed air sprayer 5. Documents used in pest and vector control operations included: MO-310, Military Operational Handbook DVECC Recommendations for Chemical Control of Disease Vectors and Economic Pests Copies of any pertinent 1st MARDIV regulations or directives are not available. A .Newsletter, "Preventive Medicine Digest," was used to promulgate limited information on vector control- techniques (copies are not available). Formal classes were also held on vector control methods and safety for corpsmen in the 1ST MARDIV TAOR. 6. According to unofficial records, "Ranch Hand" operations in the DaNang area dispensed a total of 8400 gallons of 57% Malathion on 4 separate operational periods during the last 6 months of 1968. 7. In the 1st MARDIV, the greatest pesticide exposure to combat troops was probably from Malathion used in fogging and aerial dispersal operations. 8. The above information is not meant to be a summary of all pesticides used by the 1st MARDIV during June-December 1968. Summary data on pesticides used by various component units was not available. L. LANCE SHOLDT � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 019 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0232 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sholdt, L. Lance Title A name given to the resource Memorandum: Some Pesticides Used in Vietnam During June-December 1968 by 1st MARDIV (REIN) FMF; report of, from L. Lance Sholdt to R.H. Grothaus, 14 August 1980 Subject The topic of the resource pesticide application spray equipment Ranch Hand pest control methods https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/5abb01301d19a2037cea14d25963e9c2.pdf abf7efa237c540bfd4865f4214af739e PDF Text Text Item ID Number Author Corporate Author Biological Branch, Bio-Chemical Division, Air Force Arm Report/Article Title Memorandum: Trip Report, Preston, Md. and Ft. Detrick, Md., from Kennard A. Reynard, 1Lt, to Branch Chief and Division Chief Journal/Book Title ooob] Year Month/Day Color D Number of Images Desoripton Notes Found in a file labeled: "Correspondence Concerning the Use of Defoliants in SEA and the Role of Air Force Personnel, Nov 1962 - Oct 1967"; Discusses visit to Tidewater A G Systems and demonstration of new nozzle, also meeting of the Defoliants/Anticrop Subcommittee of the JTCG Technical Coordinating Group. Date stamped 9 Oct 1967. Monday, January 22, 2001 Page 250 of 341 �MEMORANDUM Biological Branch Bio-Chemical Division Air Force Armament Lab SUBJECT: Trip Report, Preston, Md. and Ft Detrick, Md. TO: BRANCH CHIEF__ DIVISION CHIEF Return for File 1. The facilities of Tidewater A G Systems were visited, and a demonstration of their new nozzle was witnessed. Facilities consisted of a three room frame building whose space was largely unoccupied. The company has three crop spraying planes, a private plane, and their own dirt airstrip. The firm consists of two partners, a secretary and an engineering consultant. 2. A crop dusting plane was outfitted with the AG nozzle, and flown at 10-20 feet altitude and 95 mph. A mixture of 2, 4D, 2,4,5T and kerosene was sprayed over a line of Kromecoate cards, which were spaced approximately at two foot intervals for two hundred feet. Expected droplet size was 100 microns, and the cards are being examined by the CB facility. The nozzle is a sturdy, well designed piece of equipment, but it will cause a high drag penalty on the aircraft. Cost of the unit was estimated to be five to six hundred dollars in quantity. 3. The first meeting of the Defoliants/Anticrop Subcommittee of the JTCG Technical Coordinating Group was convened. A Charter was discussed and adopted. The remainder of the day was spent discussing the mission, scope and projects of the agencies represented by the subcommittee members. A tour of Ft Detrick facilities was cancelled due to lack of time. KENNARD A. REYNARD, ILt, USAF Project Engineer � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 019 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0250 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Reynard, Kennard A. Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>Biological Branch, Bio-Chemical Division, Air Force Armament Lab Title A name given to the resource Memorandum: Trip Report, Preston, Md. and Ft. Detrick, Md., from Kennard A. Reynard, 1Lt, to Branch Chief and Division Chief Subject The topic of the resource spray equipment herbicide application https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/f6466e4a220a26a2f5aa0f104ad4f369.pdf ac11cb87888be563c26479549f6a3976 PDF Text Text Item ID Number Author 20 Anonymous Corporate Author Report/Article Title Minutes A/A45Y-1 Internal Defoliant Dispenser System Support Conference, 25 and 26 August 1966 Journal/Book Title Year ™GQ Month/Day Color M Number of Images 4G Pages 33, 34, and 38 fold out; includes addendum: memo and replacement page for Item 9-66-2 of the minutes Tuesday, November 14, 2000 Page 20 of 25 �Anonymous 1966 Minutes A/A45Y-1 internal defoliant dispenser system: Support Conference ES A/A45Y-1 INTERNAL DEFOLIANT DISPENSER SYSTEM SUPPORT CONFERENCE 25 AND 26 AUGUST 1966 .r •^•^••Kjtr.&.x.- *>y:s'vrT«£?3n£*' ''^^^•M^^^-^^^>'?'--'^^ - 'JOftSf-Z':'* - JSW--^ f'.>5^ */S*^":/,' I £>*r*Sst .-. ./-TSBS&e'J*sS7- . -. _ Sel. '<'*,;'. J <i'-J^-- �INDEX Item Number Title Page Number Summary 1 Section I Introduction/Ranch Hand Report 2 Section n A/A45Y-1 System Status Technical Manual Status 3 Section DI 9-66-1 9-66-2 4 9-66-7 Action Items Ground Support Equipment TCTQ for Installation of A/A45Y-1 System in UC-123B Aircraft, Class V Mod 1776 Retrofit Installation of MARK HI Engine Spares Retrofit Installation of Optimized (Redesigned) Wing Boom onUC-123B Aircraft Maintenance Data and Technical Order Verification Maintenance Training of Ranch Hand Personnel 13 Section IV General Comments/Observations 14 Section V A/A45Y-1 Defoliation Conference Attendees 16 Section VI Distribution 17 Section VII A/A45Y-1 Internal Defoliant Dispenser System System Description Capabilities and Limitations Leading Particulars Tank and Cradle Assembly Control Console Dump Valve Spray Boom Aircraft Installation Viet Nam Ranch Hand Operations Optimized Defoliant Handling System Portable Defoliant Handling Unit 18 9-66-3 9-66-4 9-66-5 9-66-6 5 5 7 8 10 11 12 18 18 20 21 22 23 24 27 28 32 37 �Figure Number Title Page Number Illustrations Figure 1 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 10 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Major Components of Defoliant Dispenser Control Console Dump Valve Tail Spray Boom and Associated Plumbing Wing Spray Boom Existing Defoliant Transfer System Tan Son Nhut Air Base, Viet Nam Optimized Defoliant Handling System Layout Defoliant Handling System Components Tank Trailer Defoliation Liquid Refill 19 22 23 24 25 29 33 34 38 Photographs Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure 2 3 8 9 11 12 13 14 Defoliant Dispenser (right side) Centrifugal Pump Installation in C-123 (left side) Installation in C-123 (right side) Ranch Hand Work Area Hour Glass Tank and Pump Hour Glass Tank and Pump (insulated) Hour Glass Spider Pump 20 21 26 27 30 30 31 31 �SUMMARY 1. The first Logistics Support Meeting for the A/AU5Y-1 Defoliant Dispenser was held at Hayes International Corp, Birmingham, Ala., on 2li and 25 Aug 1966. 2. The purpose of this meeting was to review program status, evaluate "Major Problem Areas", and initiate and assign action as required to assure the timely and successful completion of program requirements for enhancement of logistic support. 3. Areas within this program requiring action, further refinement and overall close surveillance are documented in section III and IV of these minutes. Lu A follow-up meeting was determined essential in order to review progress made on action items, reassess support posture, and include representatives of agencies absent from this meeting. 5. The minutes of this meeting will be used as a basis of agenda for the next meeting. Each action agency should complete their assigned action in accordance with the scheduled dates, if possible, and be prepared to present status of action taken at the next scheduled meeting. Additional items may be added to the agenda for review and discussion at this time. However, to assure adequate time for evaluation and staffing, it is necessary that proposed agenda items be submitted to WRAMA (WRNQO) at least one week before the scheduled meeting date. 6. The next meeting is tentatively scheduled at Hayes International Corp., Birmingham, Ala., 11-13 Oct 1966. Confirmation of date and location will be provided by separate correspondence. 7. It is desired to take this opportunity to compliment each representative for his active participation and support. Especially appreciated are the efforts of Hayes International in hosting this meeting and the fine assistance rendered. The productive results obtained and anticipated as a result of this meeting will be beneficial to all agencies concerned, and should improve SEJu-support and operational capability. ROBERT N. SCHEIDECKER Major, USAF Chief, Operations Branch Directorate, Materiel Management �SECTION I INTRODUCTION/RANCH HAND REPORT 1. Mr. W. B. O'Neal welcomed the conferees and opened the meeting. Introduction was given by Lt William Crea, Air Force Project Engineer. Status of the program was reviewed by Mr. Don Smallwood, Hayes Project Engineer (Reference Section II). 2. Captain Peshkin gave the report from Ranch Hand. They are growing very rapidly and a considerable number of problems have developed. As early as January or February, it was realized that additional aircraft were going to be programmed for SEA. Storage, maintenance, and training requirements were anticipated; however, no staff support was furnished after discussions with operations and maintenance personnel at Tan Son NHut. Finally, the aircraft began to arrive. Storage problems still exist as does spare parts support. Flying continues at approximately 25 sorties per aircraft per month. This is the MACV planning figure for programming chemicals. Ranch Hand would like to be able to operate from an additional operating location in the II Corps area to increase sortie effectiveness. There are presently 9 aircraft in the country 3 at Da Nang and 6 at Tan Son NHut. The operation continues successful because the equipment is basically good and the air frame is the best available. The defoliant system has the same characteristics, simplicity, and reliability. The main problems are as indicated below. Ranch Hand has been fortunate in their maintenance support resulting in almost 100$ aircraft availability. Many of Ranch Hand's problems could be helped by better staff support. �SECTION II A/A45Y-1 SYSTEM STATUS ITEM CONTRACT 1. A/A45Y-1 Prototype 08(635)3609 2. A/A45Y-1 Production 08(635)3609 3. Dump Valve Kit 08(635)4894 4. Wing Boom Prototype 08(635)5710 5. Wing Boom Production 08(635)5710 6. Engine Mod Mark III 08(635)4894 QUANTITY DELIVERY DATE REMARKS Sept. 1963 Used in C-130 Test at Eglin Systems started at Hayes 20 Aug. 1964 Six Operational Systems in Viet Nam. One destroyed in C-123 crash in Viet Nam. Seven delivered to FairchildHiller Corp. for installation in C-123. One awaiting dump valve and will be shipped to Fairchild-Hiller. One remaining at Hayes for Wing Boom Test. One unassigned. Three cannibalized for spare parts by Eglin. 17 Aug. 1965 All operational A/A45Y-1 systems equipped with dump valve. Sept. 1966 Fabrication complete by 23 Aug. 1966. 20 March 1967 (Anticipated) Delivery to be 150 days after approval of Prototype. 15 Jan. 1967 (Anticipated) Twelve to be installed on new purchase of twelve A/A45Y-1 by WRAMA and the remaining three for spares. �TECHNICAL MANUAL STATUS ITEM STATUS REMARKS T. O. 11C15-3-4-2 FIELD, DEPOT OVERHAUL WITH IPB INTERNAL DEFOLIANT DISPENSER MODEL A/A45Y-1 Awaiting validation of System Manual. In process review performed at Hayes by WRAMA, 20 and 21 July 1966 T. O. 11C15-3-4-2 FIELD, DEPOT OVERHAUL WITH IPB INTERNAL DEFOLIANT DISPENSER MODEL A/A45Y-1 In process. Manual change to add Mark III engine pump controls T. C. T. O. (Proposed) No contractural requirements. Never was negotiated as per supplemental agreement number 2. Contractor recommends preparation of T. C. T. O. for installation of system in C-123 aircraft T. O. 11C15-3-4-2 FIELD, DEPOT OVERHAUL WITH IPB INTERNAL DEFOLIANT DISPENSER MODEL A/A45Y-1 In process. Change to cover wing boom program T. C. T. O. In process. To cover installation of wing boom A/A45Y-1 on C-123 for aircraft T. O. 's To cover installation of Mark HI engine controls in field to retrofit existing systems T. C. T. O. Awaiting receipt of 118A and contract coverage �SECTION III ACTION ITEMS Item Number 9-66-1 - Ground Support Equipment; a. Problem Presented; (1) There are four 1,000 gallon Transfer Tanks (Hour Glass) and one 2,5'00 gallon Fuel Servicing Unit, Type F-7 currently located at Tan Son NHut with a 5>000 gallon R-2 Storage Tank in the process of installation. There are also three 1,000 gallon Transfer Tanks (Hour Glass) located at Da Nang. The unsystemized arrangement and limited capacity of this equipment does not give sufficient capability to; (1) Fill aircraft that are located at Tan Son NHut, (2) Turn-around aircraft as rapidly as necessary, and (3) Operate with the three different type chemical agents now being used. The present system is characterized by the following; (a) Insufficient tank storage capacity, (b) Insufficient transfer capacity which limits turnaround time, (c) Inability to systematically select proper chemical appropriate to target requirements, (d) Inability to evacuate unused agent from tanks in aircraft. (2) The present system is progressively deteriorating due to use of 1952 vintage Hour Glass transfer equipment. This system cannot be supported and therefore will be eliminated from inventory at failure or when sooner replaced. Glaring deficiencies of this system are as noted; (a) Non-standard system, (b) Limited or no spare parts available, (c) Fire hose used to connect transfer tanks deteriorates in from h to 10 days, (d) Contamination of flow system (mainly due to rubber particles from fire hose lining plus sand and other foreign particles introduced by siphoning probes) because of lack of well thought out systems approach, (e) Inadequate pumping capability (Spider pump used for siphoning agent from 55 gallon drums is old and weak). b. Progress to Date: (1) An R-2 Storage Tank (5,000 gallon), salvaged from an R-2 Servicing Unit, is to be installed by Ranch Hand to provide additional transfer and storage capability and is awaiting plumbing installation by Base Civil Engineer. (Compatibility of this tank with existing chemical agents is doubtful). (2) One F-7 Servicing Unit is now in use with five more on order. (So far this equipment is functionally satisfactory, but will need teflon hosing and seals for compatibility with existing agents). �(3) Use of ARMY Bladder Tanks for storage is being investigated by 377 Combat Support Group (Base Fuels), Tan Son NHut. (Question of agent compatibility still remains) . (I;) The A/AU5T-1 System has a self -filling capability, but was found to be too slow and therefore incompatible with quick turn-around requirement. Use of B-l and B-1A Nitric Acid Servicing Units (2,000 gallon capacity) were proposed by Hayes as they were believed to be in excess storage. Investigation by WRAMA Vehicle Manager revealed these units to be unsatisfactory for their designed purpose and were dismantled and removed from inventory. c. Action to be Taken and Action Agency; (1) Provide adequate bulk storage and pumping facilities for three different chemical agents at two, possibly three different bases. A requirement exists for the simultaneous filling of as many as nine aircraft at Tan Son NHut and three at Da Nang with a possible total of five at Da Nang and three at another operating location (does not include Lucky Tiger). Action agency to be determined. (2) Provide additional F-7 Servicing Units to Ranch Hand WRAMA (WRNR). (3) Provide teflon hoses and gaskets for F-7 Servicing Units WRAMA (WRNR). d. Forecast for Completion; (1) Fixed facility - to be determined. (2) Additional F-7 Servicing Units - accomplished. (3) Teflon hoses and gaskets - to be determined. �Item Number 9-66-2 - TCTO for Installation of A/AlpY-1 System in UC-123B Aircraft, Class V Mod 1776: a. Problem Presented; Eglin AFB Contract AF 08(635)-l|89lj, dated 20 Oct 1963', provided a line item for data in accordance with DD Form llj.23 covering preparation of TCTO for installation of A/Al^Y-l System in UC-123B Aircraft (AFPI 71r ;>'31-(l8). Repeated attempts by Contractor, AFATL, and A/Al^T-1 IM have been unsuccessful in obtaining from C-123 SSM appropriate documentation (AFLC Form 118A) identifying type of TCTO and aircraft handbook revisions desired. Ranch Hand representatives advised that considerable difficulty is being experienced by Flight crews and Aircraft Maintenance personnel due to lack of appropriate -1 Flight Manual Supplement and Aircraft Maintenance Handbook data reflecting this systems installation. This creates an obvious problem with operation and maintenance as well as a serious problem with indoctrination of new crews due to high percentage and frequency of personnel rotation. k' Pro gre s s to Da t e: None c. Action to be Taken and Action Agency: (1) WRNB initiate documentation for preparation of TCTO covering installation of basic A/Al^Y-1 system using Hayes tail boom and de-modification of aircraft (removal of tank and cradle assy) back to cargo configuration. (2) WRNB initiate documentation for preparation of TCTO covering installation of Ranch Hand wing and tail boom and marriage with basic Hayes A/Al^Y-l System. (3) WRNB establish requirement for preparation of Aircraft Maintenance handbooks concurrent with requirement for respective TCTO's. (li) "WRNB initiate immediate action to provide Ranch Hand with required supplement to T. 0. 1C-123-1 Flight Manual reflecting Defoliant Spray configuration. d. Forecast for Completion: Delinquent - In view of non-participation in this meeting by C-123 SSM personnel, a report of intended action and progress made is required at next meeting tentatively planned for 11-13 Oct 1966. �Item Number 9-66-3 - Retrofit Installation of MARK III Engine: a. Problem Presented; AFATL (ATCB) has provided for complete modification kits to retrofit present operational Ranch Hand Dispensers, utilizing MARK I and MARK II engines, to latest ARMY standardized MARK III engine configuration. The A/Al^Y-l system has not been made full standard by AFSC; therefore, responsibility rests with AFSC to provide retrofit kits and required TCTO for Field installation. b. Progress to date; Required number of kits have been placed on Contract AF 08(635)-k&9k with Hayes International. c. Action to be Taken and Action Agency: (1) AFATL (ATCB) submit request to WRAMA (WRNSTR) for AFPI 18 covering this modification and appropriate handbook revisions. (2) WRNSTR provide AFPI 18 as required. (3) Contractual provisions by AFATL for TCTO and handbook revis ions. d. Forecast for Completion; (1) 25 Sep 66. (2) Provide AFPI to AFATL within five days after receipt. (3) To be determined - contingent on authority for reprogramming funds within project 2^25 and subsequent initiation of Purchase Request. �(2) Reference a(2) above. WRAMA (WRNQ) will review this problem with appropriate personnel at "WRAMA and Eglin AFB to determine specific cause and remedial action. (3) Reference a(3) above. WRAMA (WRNQ) will review end item spares requirements to determine proper course of action necessary to provide adequate spare assemblies to support Field operations where battle damage or loss might be incurred requiring complete assembly replacement. Coordination with the using activity will be required. d. Forecast for Completion; (1) Reference c(l) above. (a) Revision of AFLC Form 2? - 15 Sep 1966. (b) Spare parts recomputation - lii Oct 1966. (c) Release of spare parts orders to contractor/vendors to be determined based on method to be employed. (2) Reference c(2) above. 13' Sep 1966. (3) Reference c(3) above. 30 Sep 1966. �Item Number 9-66-14 - Spares; a. Problem Presented; (1) Requirement for M&O spare parts for support of A/Ai^I-1 System is expected to reach critical proportions in the very near future due to, (1) increase in number of spray aircraft, (2) late provisioning action in relation to first operational units, and (3) system contamination by grit and rubber particles resulting from poor system arrangement and servicing equipment that is incompatible with presently used chemical agents. Also, WRAMA has received a flood of requistions for spare parts exceeding initially provisioned quantities, which did not consider system contamination problem. Lack of spare parts support is a limiting factor in Ranch Hand operations. (2) Spare parts orders are not being received by Hayes from Eglin AFB, procurement agency (APGC), in a timely manner. (3) No provisions have been made to procure and stock spare complete assemblies, such as, Tank and Cradle Assembly, Engine and Pump Assembly, and Control Console Assembly. b. Progress to Date: (1) Reference a(l) above. A quantity of stop-gap spare parts were procured by AFATL on Contract AF 08(63£)-U89U. However, these have proven inadequate to sustain desired degree of Ranch Hand operation pending delivery of spare parts as a result of formal provisioning by WRAMA. Some support has been furnished by Hayes International through their engineering representative previously stationed with Ranch Hand. Further, WRAMA and DCASO at Hayes are working together with the contractor in an attempt to expedite vendor delivery of specific spare parts. (2) Reference a(2) above. A previous review of this problem with Eglin AFB, procurement activity, was supposed to have alleviated this condition or at least improved flow of documentation from Eglin to Hayes. Further investigation is in order. (3) Reference a(3) above. No progress to date, c. Action to be Taken and Action Agency; (1) Reference a(l) above. The programming check list (AFLC Form 2?) will be revised to reflect increase in number of systems and bases to be supported, and spare parts requirement will be recomputed for appropriate procurement action. 10 �Item Number 9-66-5 - Retrofit Installation of Optimized (Redesigned) Wing Boom on UC-123B Aircraft: a. Problem Presented; No authorization currently exists for installation of the Optimized Wing Boom on Ranch Hand and Lucky Tiger Aircraft. The__wirig..,b,oqra,,npjrf.jgmpl.Qyed by aircraft in SEA, is a ^wn-sl^dajd^^ "c^mpa"tible™¥itff~agen"t"s""n'o*w'"in use, and is not logisticailV"supportable,. f-,,. L™., « „„ „, * ™ . , v , ( ^ n . . ^ * ^ ' - * f !*.* ?-.* < w , h ™ « ^ - « ^ * " * " ' -•«! •.•..^^-*«'^***«f-^^-^''*M'~'*^-mt*l**^™*^-*-»™-'*VKKf~f:<i.-*KX***VJVKVt<*VK* b. Progress to Date: The Optimized Wing Boom is presently being developed by AFATL under Contract AF 08(635)5710 with Hayes International. c. Action to be Taken; The using command will establish appropriate requirement for installation of Optimized Wing Boom. d. Forecast for Completion: 23 Sep 1966. 11 �Item Number 9-66-6 - Maintenance Data and Technical Order Verification; a. Problem Presented: Maintenance data has not been provided field activities due to delayed verification of technical order. This has created considerable difficulty regarding system maintenance and identification of spare parts requirements. b. Progress to Date: Hayes has completed technical order draft in MIL Spec format. Preliminary review of blue line draft has been accomplished by WRAMA at Hayes. Equipment is currently available at Hayes and ready for verification. However, it has a MARK I configured engine installed. The MARK III engine is still pending delivery from vendor's plant where it is being mated to the pump. It was agreed that the difference between the MARK I and MARK III engine was not sufficient to warrant further delay in verification of technical order. WRAMA agrees to accomplish verification on existing equipment with MARK I engine. Final draft is to reflect the MARK III configuration, which will be verified against engineering drawings. c. Action to be Taken and Action Agency; (1) Hayes will take immediate action to establish a date with WRAMA (WRNSTR) for verification meeting at Hayes. Time of meeting should be established to allow a minimum of l£ days for proper notification of participating activities. Ranch Hand representatives agreed there will be no requirement for participation by their activity in this verification. In lieu thereof WRAMA will explore the possibility of obtaining using command assistance from personnel of SAWC at Eglin AFB, who have a current and specific knowledge of .Ranch Hand operation. (2) Assistance of the Hayes - DCASO Quality Office will be required in the performance of this certification and will be primary point of contact relative to WRAMA/Hayes coordination of proposed date of certification meeting. d. Forecast for Completion: At the earliest possible date. 12 �Item Number 9-66-7 - Maintenance Training of Ranch Hand Personnel a. Problem Presented: Newly assigned Ranch Hand Maintenance personnel upon arrival have little or no knowledge as to maintenance of the A/AU5Y-1 dispenser due to there having no prior training on this system. The resulting problems are obvious. b. Progress to Date; None c. Action to be Taken; (1) Ranch Hand should establish and submit an official requirement in accordance with AF Regulation 50-9 to Air Training Command citing type and scope of training required. However, due to extreme urgency of existing requirement, it was requested by Ranch Hand that a contractor representative (Hayes) be provided in the interim, pending development of training capability by ATC. If interim contractor support for indoctrination of Ranch Hand Maintenance personnel is not provided, some other immediate means of training must be investigated. (2) Discussion of contractor support indicated the most feasible and expeditious approach would be use of an existing Eglin AFB contract. However, this will require approval and funding by Hq USAF. d. Forecast for Completion: (1) Ranch Hand submit requirement as soon as possible. (2) Final action on this requirement is yet to be determined. 13 �SECTION IV GENEIUL COMMENTS/OBSERVATIONS 1. Forthcoming flight test of the protype optimized wing boom was introduced as a discussion item by AFATL representative, Lt. Crea. Also recognized was the recent diversion of UC-123B aircraft to Dallas, Texas, pending deployment and voluntary participation and support of Hayes International for the purpose of spraying insecticide in encephalitis infected areas. It was noted that this disease is not restricted to the CONUS as was indicated by an Associated Press report reflecting loss of 381i lives so far this year out of 1616 cases throughout Japan. As a result of the tremendous effectiveness and publicity of the C-123 spray operation in Dallas, it is envisioned that additional requirements are forthcoming for use of A/Alji?Y-l equipped aircraft for insecticide spraying on a world-wide basis, especially in SEA. Lt. Crea indicated he would communicate with TAG regarding intended use of insecticides with the defoliant system. If use is contemplated, TAG will be asked to establish a formal requirement for test of insecticides concurrent with test of defoliants during flight test of optimized wing boom at Eglin during September and October 1966. 2. The Ranch Hand mission is not consistent with the mission of the organization to which they are assigned. This leads to competition for resources, maintenance, and Staff Support. Proper emphasis or priority has not been placed on the defoliation mission thereby restricting the establishment of appropriate facilities for storage and transfer of more than one type chemical agent at Tan Son NHut and other operating locations. A definite advantage is envisioned by identification of the defoliation system as a weapons systems for the delivery and dissemination of chemical ordnance. Specifically, one advantage of a weapons systems identification would be to rationalize the storage and.loading problem by having the chemicals handled by personnel who handle other Air Force ordnance. This could possibly result in taking the aircraft maintenance people out of the ordnance loading business. This was not introduced as a problem as appropriate agencies were not in attendance for proper discussion and action assignment. However, aforementioned weapons systems identification has considerable merit and should be evaluated by PACAF and Hq USAF to determine specific advantages to be derived for further discussion during next meeting. 3. A need was expressed by Ranch Hand for a pamphlet depicting defoliation spraying in SEA covering subjects such as: a. Chemical type, effect and hazzards. b. Type crop and vegatation recognition. c. Psyochological effect on populace. �Such a pamphlet would be invaluable for indoctrination of new crews upon arrival in SEA and would be used to supplement present verbal instructional methods which are accomplished mostly during normal spray missions. Hayes International expressed an interest in preparing such a manual as they have the knowledge and capability. However,, discussion was deferred to next meeting at which time it is hoped that the office of primary responsibility may be able to offer some constructive advice relative to obtaining this pamphlet. 15 �SECTION V A/A45Y-1 DEFOLIATION CONFERENCE ATTENDEES Mcij Robert N. Scheidecker, WRAMA Capt Richard Peshkin, Ranch Hand Lt William J.Crea, Jr., ATCB SMS Charles Lightner, Ranch Hand Mr. Gene Smith, WRAMA W.B. O'Neal, Hayes C.F. Conklin, Hayes J.L. Harrington, Hayes John Bonta, Hayes Don Smallwood, Hayes J.E. Merk, Hayes Stan Burkot, Hayes Ronnie Dear, Hayes M.J. McMahan, Hayes 16 �SECTION VI DISTRIBUTION Nr of Copies 2 2 Activity 2 MACV 7th AF (DOPR) (DMP) (DAFSC/AFSC Lia Off) 315th ACW (DO) h 309th ACS (SASF) 1 1 3 1 1 h 377th CSG (DGM) (D/fo) 377th QMS llith ACW (Comdr) PACAF (DM) (DM) (DMMB) Hq USAF (AFRDDA) (AFRDQRA) (AFSMEAA) (AFXOP) (AFSMSDA) TAG (DOFT-S) (DOO-S) (DORQ-FM) ATC (ATTAT-B) Dept of Aerospace Munitions (GS-WC) AFLC (MCMTA) (MCMTE) (MCO) (MCOOM) ASD (ASJB) 1 1 l 1 3 3 AFSC (SCSMM) HQ RTD (RTTtf) UljOSth CCT3 SAWC-LC AFATL (ATCB) SAAMA (SANM) 12 (SANNR) (SAOR) WRAMA (WRNQO) Name J-3 Chemical Branch Major Haugaton Lt Col McCellan Maj Richard Engian Lt Col Reddrick Major Kline Lt Col Ferguson Major Dresser Captain Peshkin S/MSGT C. B. Lightner Col Harris Lt Col Carter Major Sibley Colonel Bradburn Colonel Thomas B. Kennedy Lt Col C. N. Powell Maj ¥. A. McKinney Lt Col Carter Lt Col May Mr. Ed Dougherty Maj Vinson Maj White Maj Marshall Capt Adams Maj Novikoff Lt Col Gibson TSgt Gailes Mr. Fields Mr. Whitacre Mr. Finch Mr. Clark Mr. Brown Mr. Brothers Mr. Pfiefer Mr. Goodwin Capt John R. Spey Lt Col Huston Lt Crea Mr. Arthur Miller Mr. Jack Burton Maj R. N. Scheidecker 17 �SECTION VII A/A45Y-1 INTERNAL DEFOLIANT DISPENSER SYSTEM SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The A/A45Y-1 Internal Defoliant Dispenser, designed and manufactured by Hayes International Corporation, Birmingham, Alabama, is a complete airborne defoliant dispensing system. The dispenser is packaged to permit rapid installation into, and removal from, C-123 aircraft, with only minor modifications required to the affected aircraft. (See figures 1 and 2.) The Internal Defoliant Dispenser, Part No. A/A45Y-1, provides for loading, transporting and dispensing of 1000 gallons of defoliant chemical, and in case of an emergency, dumping the full load overboard in less than 45 seconds. The tank and cradle assembly is mounted on detachable casters which are removed before anchoring in the aircraft. A control console is electrically connected into an electrical network which in turn is connected to the aircraft electrical system, certain controls and indicators in the flight compartment and the electrically operated units within the system. Pressure is applied to defoliant chemical, by an engine and pump assembly mounted on the same frame with the tank. The defoliant is transported to a nozzle assembly mounted in the slipstream of the aircraft in such a manner that a strip 250 or 300 feet wide along the line of flight is effectively covered. The nozzle assembly is designed for the most effective atomizing of the defoliant and coverage of foliage to be destroyed. The dispensing operation and, in emergency, the dump valve operation can be controlled from either the control console near the tank and cradle assembly or from the pilot's position in the flight compartment. CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS The internal defoliant dispenser is capable of containing 1000 gallons of defoliant which can be completely dumped overboard by remote control or manually in less than 45 seconds. The pump is capable of maintaining 60 + 5 psi pressure during the normal 3- to 4-minute period of operational spraying. Refilling the tank assembly is accomplished with power and equipment contained within the defoliation dispensing system. 18 �A / A 4 5 Y - 1 INTERNAL DEFOLIANT DISPENSER .TANK VENT .MANHOLE COVER DUMP VALVE (SEE FIGURE 5) TANK LIQUID LEVEL ENGINE EXHAUST VIBRATION ISOLATOR SEGMENT CENTRIFUGAL PUMP (SEE FIGURE 3) TIE-DOWN FITTINGS MAIN SPRAY VALVE RECIRCULATING LINE CONTROL CONSOLE (SEE FIGURE 4) JACKING LUG TEMPERATURE INDICATOR JET PUMP REFILL CRADLE NOTE: SEE FIGURE 6 FOR TAIL BOOM AND FIGURE 7 FOR WING BOOM. FIGURES 8 AND 9 SHOW A/A45Y-1 INSTALLED IN C-123 AIRCRAFT. Figure 1. Mo/or Components of Defoliant Dispenser 19 �Figure 2. Defoliant Dispenser (right side) LEADING PARTICULARS Length Width Height (without casters) Weight Empty Full Capacity Normal operating pressure Normal dispensing interval Emergency dump duration Electrical system Dump valve operation Refill time (approx) Dump valve Spray valve Suction valve 16 feet, 4 inches 4 feet, 10 inches 6 feet, 5 inches 1420 pounds 12,420 pounds 1000 gallons 60 + 5 psi 3 to 4 minutes Less than 45 seconds 28 volts dc (supplied by host aircraft) Electrical or manual 20 minutes Electrical, 10 inch Electrical, 3 inch Manual, 3 inch 20 �TANK AND CRADLE ASSEMBLY The tank and cradle assembly is the major unit of the entire system, having a 1000-gallon tank with baffles, manhole, tube connections, and stabilizing and tiedown brackets; an engine and pump assembly which consists of a four cylinder, horizontally opposed air-cooled, engine and pump directly coupled to the engine ,H Figure 3. Centrifugal Pump crankshaft; and a cradle which carries the tank, the engine and pump assembly, and is provided with four casters which are readily detachable. A temperature indicator and a liquid lever gage are installed in the tank. The engine is slightly modified from its original configuration to achieve adaptability to the requirements of the dispenser system. The detachable casters are to provide limited mobility and are removed when the unit is tied down. The defoliant used in the dispenser is stored in the tank and is fed through a suction line to the pump. The pump is driven by an air-cooled engine and forces the defoliant through a discharge line to a spray valve. A recirculation line is 21 �provided so that when the spray valve is closed, the defoliant will recirculate back through the tank. When the spray valve is open, the defoliant is forced into the spray boom and atomized by spray nozzles. When the tank is empty, a float-operated switch, located in the tank, automatically stops the engines. The centrifugal pump consists essentially of an impeller and a pump body, and is driven by the engine through a direct drive. The engine drives the pump and the speed of the engine controls the quantity of defoliant being dispensed. (See figure 3.) The recirculation line incorporates a jet-pump (ejector) tank refilling system which utilizes the fluid left in the tank from prior operation to initially operate the jet pump. CONTROL CONSOLE The control console is the nerve center of the defoliation system. All functions are controlled from this position; all monitoring equipment is located in this position; and the electrical supply is channeled and protected at this position. Prefabricated electrical cables tic the control console to all related REFILL FLUID POWER FLOAT SWITCH OVERRIDE FWD UNIT AFT UNIT STARTER AND SPRAY CHOKE THROTTLES INDICATORS V A L V E TANK EMPTY FWD UNIT AFT UNIT ENGINES FWD UNIT OIL PRESSURE LOW OPERATE AFT UNIT OIL PRESSURE LOW OPERATE MAGNETO SPRAY VALVE © THROTTLES OPEN INCREASE t PILOT POSITION FWD UNIT (o) (o) AFT UNIT DECREASE Figure 4, Control Console 22 �parts of the system, including the controls on the pilot's instrument panel and the aircraft electrical supply system. Tandem or single installations arc controlled and monitored from the control console without any changes or alterations being performed. In the event of electrical power failure of the aircraft electrical system, certain critical functions have an option of manual operation. (See figure 4.) DUMP VALVE The dump valve is a 10 inch gate valve having both electrical or manual activation. It is designed for horizontal (vertical flow) installation and liquid flow in only one direction. The bottom of the defoliant tank incorporates a vortex interrupter and adapter to which the dump valve is secured and is in perfect alignment with an opening and spring loaded door in the belly of the aircraft. A high speed motor coupled to an actuator provides 2 second operation of the dump valve in either direction and circuit manipulation to indicate open condition. (See figure 5.) Figure 5. Dump Valve 23 �SPRAY BOOM The prime function of the spray boom is to discharge the defoliant under pressure at such a location and at such an angle that air flow, in the proximity of the discharge (spray) nozzle, contributes to the proper density of spray, the consistency of the defoliant blanket; and the lateral dimension of the effective strip. Two spray booms are available when the C-123 model aircraft is used and each boom satisfies a specific set of requirements. TIE-DOWNS TAIL BOOM INSTALLATION STRUTS Figure 6. Tail Spray Boom and Associated Plumbing 24 �LEFT HAND SIDE OF FUSELAGE AT THIS POINT CENTER WING PIPING EXTERNAL BOOM I 3 >Q CO •o CD o o NOZZLE FAIRING SPRAY NOZZLES INBOARD OF NACELLE NOZZLES OUTBOARD OF NACELLE <L FUSELAGE �The tail spray boom (figure 6) is mounted outside the aircraft, approximately midway of the aft cargo loading door. It is designed for simple and fast installation and removal and erovldesjjoyerage of a 250 foot strip. The wing spray boom (figure 7) is installed in the inside of the center wing and externally underneath the outboard wing. As compared to the tail boom, its instaltion and removal is more complex and is considered a more permanent installation. The wing boom provides coverage of a 300 foot strip and the effectiveness of the application is more uniform. Installation and removal of either spray boom does not require special skills or special tools. Figure 8. Installation in C-723 (left side) �AIRCRAFT INSTALLATION The dispenser installation in C-123 aircraft consists of towing the tank and cradle assembly (unfilled) into the aircraft and securing it to the aircraft floor utilizing twenty 10,000-pound hook and chain assemblies and the cargo floor tie-down fittings (figures 8 and 9). All piping, hose assemblies and electrical cables are installed which tie the A/A45Y-1 dispenser into the aircraft (as modified) systems, and the control console is secured to the aircraft floor; thus, making the aircraft-dispenser combination ready for servicing and operation. Figure 9- Installation in C-123 (right side) 27 �VIET NAM RANCH HAND OPERATIONS A sketch of the ground support equipment used by RANCH HAND to refill the A/A45Y-1 dispensers with agent is shown in figure 10. The refill system presented here is the system used at Tan Son Nhut Air Base, Viet Nam. It utilizes four 1000 gallon HOURGLASS tanks. A similar refill system is used at Da Nang, but utilizes only three HOURGLASS tanks. These tanks are the predecessor to the A/A45Y-1 and incorporate a 10-horsepower engine and pump unit by which the agent is transferred into the aircraft. The agent is delivered in 55-gallon drums, then pumped from three drums at a time into the refill tanks. This is the slowest part of the operation. The procedure for filling tanks is as follows: a. The number 2 tank is filled from 55-gallon drums. b. The agent in the number 2 tank is pumped into tank number 3. c. Agent in tank number 3 is then pumped into tank number 4. d. Tank number 2 is refilled and the agent pumped into tank number 3. e. Tank number 2 is again refilled from the drums and pumped into tank number 1. f. All other tanks now filled, tank number 2 is refilled again. Upon return from a mission, the aircraft is backed as close as possible to the refill tanks and the systems are refilled with agent using a commercial fire hose. After completion of the days work the HOURGLASS tanks are filled and the agent transferred into the aircraft. The refill tanks are then refilled in preparation for a second mission. Due to the long time needed to fill from the drums, the RANCH HAND crews are limited to only one turn around, or a total of two missions. A big disadvantage of refilling in this manner is the problem of contamination to the agent. Foreign matter gets into the refill tanks and from there into aircraft defoliant dispensing system. The rubber inside lining of fire hoses, presently used, is acted upon by the defoliant and causes large pieces of rubber to be released into the defoliant stream, thereby reducing the system effectiveness. See figures 11 thru 14 for potographic on-site refill operations. 28 �Figure 70. Existing Defoliant Transfer System Tan Son Nhut Air Base, Viet Nam 29 �Figure 17. Ranch Hand Ytork Areo Figure 12. Hour Glass Tank and Pump 30 �Figure 13. Hour Glass Tank and Pump (Insulated) Figure 14. Hour Glass Spider Pump 31 �OPTIMIZED DEFOLIANT HANDLING SYSTEM GENERAL A complete optimized defoliant handling system utilizes three engine-pump combination units to transfer the defoliant from original containers to A/A45Y-1 units in aircraft readied for an operational defoliation mission. A storage tank, platform, control consoles, hoses, and nozzles, combined into a well balanced system, accomplish the entire defoliant handling operation. Economy of man-hours, reduction of turn-around time and elimination of wasted defoliant are the prime factors for consideration. (See figures 1 and 2.) GENERAL LAYOUT DESCRIPTION A platform, having a height compatible with a flat bed trailer and an area to accommodate a 10,000 gallon tank and three engine-pump transfer units, is located in close proximity to truck roadways and aircraft parking ramp. The platform would have one engine-pump unit on the side adjacent to the truck roadway, a 10,000 gallon tank in the center and two engine-pump units on the side nearest the aircraft parking ramp. Hoses, nozzles, and manifolds are used to tie all major components into a well balanced and efficient system. SPECIFIC The actual arrangement of the defoliant handling system is contingent on the complexion and layout of the particular air base; however, certain specifics must be met to achieve maximum effectiveness. PLATFORM The platform is a locally manufactured structure approximately the same height as a flat bed trailer and having lateral dimensions as necessary to accommodate the shape and size of the 10, 000-gallon tank plus the related units. A support for a suction hose and manifold is located on the truck side of the platform and is designed so that the suction manifold is supported at approximately the centerline of the flat bed trailer. The platform deck has 1/4-inch cracks between decking members to dissipate any defoliant spillage. ENGINE AND PUMP UNIT The engine and pump unit is identical to that incorporated in the A/A45Y-1 dispenser and is specifically engineered for effective transfer 32 �Figure 15. Loyo«f �FOi LIME LIME 55 GAL FOR f If 16. Defoliant 34 �of defoliant under sustained operation. The engine is a government standard, air-cooled, four cylinder, four stroke cycle, horizontally opposed model modified for remote control when mated with the control console. The engine is available in large quantities, economical to operate, proven in performance, and easily maintained due to maximum accessibility. It is designed to operate a minimum of 1500 hours at rated load and speed between major overhauls. Its extensive use in defoliation operations tends to standardize maintenance and provide a spare parts source through controlled cannibalization. The pump has been modified by the manufacturer so that it attaches to the engine at the blower section and the drive end of the crankshaft thus giving the engine and pump a one to one ratio. Shock mounting is provided to the engine-pump unit. CONTROL CONSOLE The control console is located at the end of the storage to permit visual monitoring of any engine-pump unit on the platform. All transfer functions are controlled by a single operator at the control console position. In addition to control functions, there are certain monitoring gages and instruments installed in the instrument panel of the control console. The electrical network is considered semi-permanently installed and so arranged that simple maintenance is quickly accomplished. TANK The tank has a 10, 000-gallon capacity, protected sight gage, manhole, vent, drain line connection, and facilities for securing to the platform. The sight gage is a vertically mounted glass tube with connections to tank at each end, protectors to reduce the probability of breaking, and calibrations to indicate tank contents. MISCELLANEOUS Suction Hose. Suction hoses are provided having an inside diameter which will not be too restrictive to defoliant flow and having a wall structure to prevent collapse of hose. Hoses which are frequently disconnected have quick-disconnects to prevent rapid deterioration at connecting points. Pressure Hoses. Pressure hoses are capable of pressures up to 100 psig and have adapters in cases where control nozzles are attached. Hose material is selected to withstand the chemical action of the defoliant. 35 �SYSTEM TIE-IN The storage tank is located in the approximate center of the platform with one engine-pump unit on the truck side of the platform and two engine-pump units on the aircraft side of the platform. The single engine-pump unit has a 3-inch suction hose connected between the pump and the suction manifold. The suction manifold has three 1-1/4 inch suction hoses attached which are suspended from the suction manifold in such a manner as to hang directly over three 55-gallon drums on the flat bed trailer. A control console is secured to the platform deck in the proximity of the end of the storage tank and is electrically connected to the engine-pump unit. Two engine-pump units and their companion control console are located on the aircraft side of the platform and are shock mounted to the platform deck. The suction ports of the two engine-pump units are manifolded so that a single line attaches to the bottom of the storage tank. The discharge (pressure) ports of the two engine-pump units are also manifolded and after the pressure manifold, a single line conveys the defoliant to the aircraft having A/A45Y-1 dispensers to be serviced. Check valves are installed in pump discharge lines to permit operation of a single engine-pump unit when demands are less than maximum. At each aircraft position, a smaller pressure line with a shutoff nozzle is connected into the main line hose. These two engine-pump units are controlled concurrently from a single control console. An electrical network is provided which gives electrical tie-in of all related electrically functioning units. Cable insulation is chemically unaffected by defoliant in the environs of the defoliant handling system. CAPABILITIES Transfer 10, 000 gallons from drums to storage tank (less truck move time) Service two A/A45Y-1 dispensers (in aircraft) Service four A/A45Y-1 dispensers (in aircraft) Remotely controlled functions: 1. Drums to storage tank shutoff valves 2. Storage tank to aircraft main lines (2) shutoff valves 25 minutes 5 minutes 5 minutes 3. Engine throttle ^ Engine starter Engine & ignition 6 36 �PORTABLE DEFOLIANT HANDLING UNIT The portable defoliant handling unit idea is conceived for military installations where limited servicing of A/A45Y-1 dispensers might be required. The trailer is capable of traveling at faster speeds and for greater distances than the A/ A/A45Y-1 dispenser and, being a powered unit, it speeds up the servicing of the dispensers installed in aircraft. Overall dimensions are kept within limits which will permit air transportation of loaded units to isolated landing fields or airstrips. Technical data and capabilities are contained in figure 17. 37 �DESCRIPTION HAOt FtOM- HAYfS /wr<S*«*t tefOLIATIOM StSfitNSeX. _ fOR MlttTHAY UHfgLS j TMfS »gf VSfO. It » 8 to PI.Y FIK1 tttiiS VtttHT 1,O6O «.»$, IS,OOO ISS. t,t»6O Og vtrtt nspioTt .ceNrtot. sr/ineM POM tHttee WUCMFT 8V OCCSATOS IHStif ffltCSfifr n» PltfYtNT SOftP&lfT. Ktt*S.Ufl6HTS,fST. UHftii tiffin SPIillM®, ttOSf 3 JW, DIA. X 10 f f LON6 Hosts uirnoutcx coMwecroMS taun£D IN rusrs. fsott svi^fNsioN. s@i/st,e VflLVt xCO</PLM6 LU.H1 TMl f STOP suirctf THtOTTiE Figure 17, Tank Trailer F l t l f R FOSL SA4E FUEL Litjoid Refill 38 �66 IWIEPft/lTIOVXl CORPORATION SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS JAN FEB MAR APR 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 31 4 11 18 25 5 12 19 26 o 6 13 20 27 7 14 21 28 8 15 22 29 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 MAY 1 2 8 9 15 16 22 23 29 e 3 10 17 24 31 4 11 18 25 O 3 10 17 24 4 11 18 25 5 12 19 26 6 13 20 27 7 14 21 28 1 8 15 22 29 JUN 5 12 19 26 6 13 20 27 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 6 13 20 27 7 14 21 28 SEP 4 6 7 11 12 13 14 18 19 20 21 25 26 27 28 2 9 16 23 1 8 15 22 29 2 3 9 10 16 17 23 24 30 — 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 31 4 11 18 25 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31 4 11 18 25 5 12 19 26 4 11 18 25 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 4 11 18 25 O 3 5 11 12 10 17 18 19 24 25 26 31 6 13 20 27 6 13 20 27 7 14 21 28 6 13 20 27 7 14 21 28 1 8 15 22 29 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 5 12 19 26 6 13 20 27 3 AUG 7 14 21 28 1 8 15 22 29 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 1 8 15 22 29 NOV 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 1 .._ 2 8 15 16 22 23 29 30 1 2 "~3 10 17 24 JUl OCT 1 8 15 22 29 2 9 16 23 30 2 3 4 9 10 11 16 17 18 23 ® O 30 2 9 16 23 30 -3 10 17 24 31 DEC 5 12 19 26 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 27 28 29 30 31 © * NOTES 39 �NOTES 40 �I I I t METROPOLITAN SCALE ONE INCH F.QUftiS APPROXIMATED 2 = MILES Controlled Access Highways 'fi'.-s-:e c-o ?. ' w-'v =• !--ec-c'ges' Other Dual Thoroughfares Principal Through Routes Other Paved Roads Streets and Connecting Roads Mileage Distances between red dots Highway £gj) ,nterstate Numbers. \~S @ U.S ^""^ @State [77] Counts I �MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION AIR LINES Air France Alitala Air Lines BOAC & BOAC Cunard Delta Air Lines Eastern Air Lines Southern Airways Trans World Air Lines United Air Lines Hotels: Pick-Bankhead 2300 5th Ave. North Dinkler-Tutwiler 2005 5th Ave. North Essex House Hotel 605 North 21st Redmont Hotel 2101 5th Ave. North Thomas Jefferson Hotel 1631 2nd Ave North PHONE 251-7076 324-1291 323-7259 592-9601 323-7711 595-3737 WX-9000 592-9611 251-3231 252-8161 322-1771 251-0171 252-7141 (apartments) (apartments) Motels and Motor Inns: Anchor Motel 4121 3rd Ave South Birmingham Airport Motel Municipal Airport Downtowner Motor Inn 2224 5th Ave North Guest House Motor Inn 951 South 18th Holiday Inn (downtown) 1313 3rd Ave. North Holiday Inn (Irondale) 7941 Crestwood Blvd. Parliament House Motor Hotel 420 South 20th Roebuck Motels 9229 4th Ave. South Sheraton Motor Inn 2040 Highland Ave. South Town House Motor Hotel 2008 8th Ave South 595-6157 592-0061 324-0601 324-8653 323-8931 592-0311 323-7211 833-9152 323-4413 251-9235 Physicians And Surgeons Exchange 871-4611 TAXI CABS Yellow Cab Co. Two Way Cab Co. Checker Cab Co. Stricklin Taxi Cab Co. 252-1131 592-7421 323-7741 841-3239 42 �DEPAR"MEHT OF THE 1 AIR FORCE HtADQUARTERS V.ARNER ROBINS AiR MATERIAL AREA (AFLC) ROLJINi AiR FORCE BASti, GEORGIA 31093 A V , N o r ° w i i N Q O (Mr. Ginith/^Olj1?) T0: 1? Oct 1?66 l,o/U sties Support Conference, A/Ai^Y-l Dispeaser, Defoliant, C-123 A i r c r a f t (WIAMA(WRNQO) Ltr, 19 Sep 1966 and WRAMA Msg (U) WRNQ-3256?, /O Sop 1966) r rAC (DOFT-S/Maj Marshall) Langley Al^B Va 23365 Request action Item Number 9-66-2 "TCTO for Installation of A/Al6'Y-l System in UC-123B Aircraft, Class V Mod 1776" be removed from referenced conference minutes and replaced with attached revised Item Number 9-66-2 "Installation of A/Ali$Y~l System in C-123B Aircraft" . K)H THE COMMANDEJi-y ROBERT N. SCHEIDECKER Major, USAP1 Chief, Operations Branch Directorate, Materiel Management 1 Atch Subj Minutes Item Number 9-66-2 )DOF1 �Horn Number 9-66-2 - Inatf^Ut^ a . Problem Presented; Difficulty was reported by AFATL personnel in obtaining appropriate documentation from C-123 Aircraft SSM for procurement of data on Eglin APB Contract AF 08(635)-l489ii dated 20 Oct 1965. Also, problems were reported in obtaining -1 Flight Manuals and Maintenance Handbooks by Ranch Hand Personnel. b. Progress to Date: 1. Since the A/Alt5l-l System was being procured on an R & D Contract and had not been approved by CSAF/AFLC for installation in the C123 Aircraft, no action could be taken by the SSM to provide for procurement of TCTO data. 2. Flight and operational information for those C-123 Aircraft having A/Al^Y-l System installed is provided in T. 0. 1C-123(B)-1 dated 15 July 1965 and 1C-123B(1)-15-1 dated 23 Apr 1966. WRAMA is now conducting a complete review of the -1 Manual and at completion any change needed will be made. MR. ll;78-3 dated 21 Jun 1966 approved procurement of necessary installation TCTO 1C-123-590, Engineering Data and Handbooks changes for the approved Class V Mod 1??6. Procurement action is now being negotiated with Fairchild-Hiller for this data. Pending delivery of this data, the schematics and sketches as shown in the operational manual may be utilized to perform minimum maintenance. c. Action to be Taken an_d Action Agency; 1. Ranch Hand Personnel take action through appropriate distribution channels to obtain available Dash One Handbook data for A/Ali5Y-l System installed in C-123 Aircraft. ?. SSM make follow-up action to assure procurement of additional required data in a timely manner. 3. d. SSM expedite - 1 Flight Manual Review. Forecast fo_r_ Completion: Target date for delivery of additional data including published -1 Flight Manual is Feb 1967. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 002 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0020 Series The series number of the original item. Series I Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1905-05-19 Title A name given to the resource Minutes A/A45Y-1 Internal Defoliant Dispenser System Support Conference, 25 and 26 August 1966 Subject The topic of the resource spray equipment Ranch Hand aircraft https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/1c371b863916809cb625476bd6ed4682.pdf 33ad85cdca7b643ae6a0411c790b26a2 PDF Text Text Item ID Number: oooes Author Scheidecker, Robert N. Corporate Author u.s. Air Force RBDOrt/ArtlOlO TltlO Minij es: t A/A45Y-1 Internal Defoliant Dispenser System Support Conference, 25 and 26 August 1966 Journal/Book Title Year 1 66 Month/Day Au ust Color w Number of Images 45 DeSCPlptOn Notes Pa9es 32-34 missing 9 a Friday, December 01, 2000 Page 65 of 91 �, 1966 * Minutes A/A45y-l internal defoliant dispenser system: Support Conference f / A/A45Y-1 INTERMAL DEFOLIANT '25 AND 26 AUGUST 1966 �D E P A R T M E N T OF THP MR F O R C E HLADOUAR"CRS EARNER ROBINS Aift MATERIEL AREA fAFLO ROtlINi AIR FORCE BASE, GEORGIA 31093 •••'• iN "'•!" Wii'NQO (Mr. 1? Oct 1966 - .-JK i. I,or, I sties Support Conference, A/Al^Y-l Dispenser, Defoliant, C-123 A L r c r a f t (WHAMA(WRNQO) Ltr, 19 Sep 1966 and WRAMA Msg (U) WRNQ/O Sep 1966) ro: TAG (DOFT-S/Maj Marshall) Langley AFB Va 23365 Request action Item Number 9-66-2 "TCTO for Installation of A/AloY-1 System in UC-123B Aircraft, Class V Mod 1776" be removed from re-ferenced conference minutes and replaced with attached revised Item Number 9-66-2 "Installation of A/Aii5Y-l System in C-123B Aircraft". FOR THE COMMANDER,, ROBERT N. SCHEIDECKER Major, USAF Chief, Operations Branch . Directorate, Materiel Management 1 Atch Subj Minutes Item Number 9-66-2 �Item Number 9-66-2 - .Installation of A/AJj$Y-3^ System in C-123B Aircraft: a. proM.em Presented: Difficulty was reported by AFATL personnel in obtaining appropriate documentation from C-123 Aircraft SSM for procurement of data on Eglin AFB Contract AF 08(635)-l489li dated 20 Oct 1965. Also, problems were reported in obtaining -1 Flight Manuals and Maintenance Handbooks by Ranch Hand Personnel. b. Progress to Date; 1. Since the A/Al^Y-l System was being procured on an R & D Contract and had not been approved by CSAF/AFLC for installation in the C123 Aircraft, no action could be taken by the SSM to provide for procurement of TCTO data. 2,, Flight and operational information for those C-123 Aircraft having A/Al^Y-l System installed is provided in T. 0. 1C-123(B)-1 dated 1$ July 1?65 and 1C-123B(1)-15-1 dated 23 Apr 1966. VRAMA is now conducting a complete review of the -1 Manual and at completion any change needed will be made. MR 1^78-3 dated 21. Jun 1966 approved procurement of necessary installation TCTO 1C-123-590, Engineering Data and Handbooks changes for the approved Class V Mod 1??6. Procurement action is now being negotiated with F'airchild-Killer for this data. Pending delivery of this data, the schematics and sketches as shown in the operational manual may be utilized to perform minimum maintenance. c. Action to be Taken and Action Agency : !„ Ranch Hand Personnel take action through appropriate distribution channels to obtain available Dash One Handbook data for A/AliSl-l System installed in C-123 Aircraft. i ?„ SSM make follow-up action to assure procurement of additional required data in a timely manner. d. 3. SSM expedite - 1 Flight Manual Review. i Forecast for Completion; Target date for delivery of additional data including published -1 Flight Manual is Feb 196?. �INDEX Item Number Title Page Number Summary 1 Section I Introduction/Ranchijland^Report 2 Section n A/A45Y-1 System Status Technical Manual St atu s 3 4 9-66-7 Action Items Ground Support Equipment TCTO for Installation of A/A45Y-1 System in UC-123B"Aircraft, Class V Mod 1776 Retrofit Installation of MARK m Engine Spares Retrofit Installation of Optimized (Redesigned^ Wing Boom on UC-123B Aircraft Maintenance Data and Technical Order Verification M aintenance T raining of Ranch Hand Personnel 13 Section IV General Comments/Observations 14 Section V A/A45Y-1 Defoliation Conference Attendees 16 Section VI Distribution 17 Section A/A45Y-1 Internal DefolIant Dispenser System System Description Capabilities and Limitations Leading Particulars Tank and Cradle Assembly 18 Section III 9-66-1 9-66-2 9-66-3 9-66-4 9-66-5 9-66-6 Control Console Dump Valve Spray Boom Aircraft Installation Viet Nam Ranch Hand Operations Optimized Defoliant Handling System Portable Defoliant Handling Unit 5 5 7 8 10 11 12 18 18 20 21 22 23 24 27 28 32 37 �Figure Number Title Page Number Illustrations Figure 1 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 10 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Major Components of Defoliant Dispenser Control Console Dump Valve Tail Spray Boom and Associated Plumbing Wing Spray Boom Existing Defoliant Transfer System Tan Son Nhut Air Base, Viet Nam Optimized Defoliant Handling System Layout Defoliant Handling System Components Tank Trailer Defoliation Liquid Refill 19 22 23 24 25 29 33 34 38 Photographs Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Defoliant Dispenser (right side) Centrifugal Pump Installation in C-123 (left side) Installation in C-123 (right side) Ranch Hand Work Area Hour Glass Tank and Pump Hour Glass Tank and Pump (insulated) Hour Glass Spider Pump 20 21 26 27 30 30 31 31 �SUMMARY 1. The first Logistics Support Meeting for the A/AkSY-l Defoliant Dispenser was held at Hayes International Corp, Birmingham, Ala., on 2li and 25 Aug 1966. 2. The purpose of this meeting was to review program status, evaluate "l-'ajor Problem Areas", and initiate and assign action as required to assure the timely and successful completion of program requirements for enhancement of logistic support. 3. Areas within this program requiring action, further refinement and overall close surveillance are documented in section III and IV of these minutes. h. A follow-up meeting was determined essential in order to review progress made on action items, reassess support posture, and include representatives of agencies absent from this meeting. 5. The minutes of this meeting will be used as a basis of agenda for the next meeting. Each action agency should complete their assigned action in accordance with the scheduled dates, if possible, and be prepared to present status of action taken at the next scheduled meeting. Additional items may be added to the agenda for review and discussion at this time. However, to assure adequate time for evaluation and staffing, it is necessary that proposed agenda items be submitted to WRAMA (WRNQO) at least one week before the scheduled meeting date. • 6. The next meeting is tentatively scheduled at Hayes International Corp., Birmingham, Ala., 11-1.3 Oct 1966. Confirmation of date and location will be provided by separate correspondence. 7. It is desired to take this opportunity to compliment each representative for his active participation and support. Especially appreciated are the efforts of Hayes International in hosting this meeting and the fine assistance rendered. The productive results obtained and anticipated as a result of this meeting will be beneficial to all agencies concerned, and should improve SE.A-s.upport and operational capability. ROBERT N'. SCHEIDECKEY'"' ""*" Major, USAF Chief, Operations 'Branch Directorate, Materiel Management �SECTION I INTRODUCTION/RANCH HAND REPORT 1. Mr. W. B. O'Neal welcomed the conferees and opened the meeting. Introduction was given by Lt William Crea, Air Force Project Engineer. Status of the program was reviewed by Mr. Don Smallwood, Hayes Project Engineer (Reference Section II). 2. Captain Peshkin gave the report from Ranch Hand. They are growing very rapidly and a considerable number of problems have developed. As early as January or February, it was realized that additional aircraft were going to be programmed for SEA. Storage, maintenance, and training requirements were anticipated; however, no staff support was furnished after discussions with operations and maintenance personnel at Tan Son NHut. Finally, the aircraft began to arrive. Storage problems still exist as does spare parts support. Flying continues at approximately 25 sorties per aircraft per month. This is the MACV planning figure for programming chemicals. Ranch Hand would like to be able to operate from an additional operating location in the II Corps area to increase sortie effectiveness. There are presently 9 aircraft in the country 3 at Da Nang and 6 at Tan Son NHut. The operation continues successful because the equipment is basically good and the air frame is the best available. The defoliant system has the same characteristics, simplicity, and reliability. The main problems are as indicated below. Ranch Hand has been fortunate in their maintenance support resulting in almost 100$ aircraft availability. Many of Ranch Hand's problems could be helped by better staff support. �SECTION II A/A45Y-1 SYSTEM STATUS ITEM CONTRACT 1. A/A45Y-1 Prototype 08(635)3609 2. A/A45Y-1 Production 08(635)3609 3. Dump Valve Kit 08(635)4894 4. Wing Boom Prototype 08(635)5710 5. Wing Boom Production 08(635)5710 6. Engine Mod Mark IH 08(635)4894 QUANTITY DELIVERY DATE REMARKS Sept. 1963 Used in C-130 Test at Eglin Systems started at Hayes 20 Aug. 1964 Six Operational Systems in Viet Nam. One destroyed in C-123 crash in Viet Nam. Seven delivered to FairchildHiller Corp. for installation in C-123. One awaiting dump valve and will be shipped to Fairchild-Hiller. One remaining at Hayes for Wing Boom Test. One unassigned. Three cannibalized for spare parts by Eglin. 17 Aug. 1965 All operational A/A45Y-1 systems equipped with dump valve. Sept. 1966 Fabrication complete by 23 Aug. 1966. 20 March 1967 (Anticipated) Delivery to be 150 days after approval of Prototype. 15 Jan. 1967 (Anticipated) Twelve to be installed on new purchase of twelve A/A45Y-1 by WRAMA and the remaining three for spares. �TECHNICAL MANUAL STATUS ITEM STATUS REMARKS T. O. 11C15-3-4-2 FIELD, DEPOT OVERHAUL WITH IPB INTERNAL DEFOLIANT DISPENSER MODEL A/A45Y-1 Awaiting validation of System Manual. In process review performed at Hayes by WRAMA, 20 and 21 July 1966 T. O. 11C15-3-4-2 FIELD, DEPOT OVERHAUL WITH IPB INTERNAL DEFOLIANT DISPENSER MODEL A/A45Y-1 In process. Manual change to add Mark HI engine pump controls T. C. T. O. (Proposed) No contractural requirements. Never was negotiated as per supplemental agreement number 2. Contractor recommends preparation of T. C. T. O. for installation of system in C-123 aircraft T. O. 11C15-3-4-2 FIELD, DEPOT OVERHAUL WITH IPB INTERNAL DEFOLIANT DISPENSER MODEL A/A45Y-1 In process. Change to cover wing boom program T. C. T. O. In process. To cover installation of wing boom A/A45Y-1 on C-123 for aircraft T. O. 's To cover installation of Mark HI engine controls in field to retrofit existing systems T. C. T. O. Awaiting receipt of 118A and contract coverage �SECTION III ACTION ITEMS Item Number 9-66-1 - Ground Support Equipment; a. Problem Presented; (1) There are four 1,000 gallon Transfer Tanks (Hour Glass) and one 2,^00 gallon Fuel Servicing Unit, Type F-7 currently located at Tan Son NHut with a 5,000 gallon R-2 Storage Tank in the process of installation. There are also three 1,000 gallon Transfer Tanks (Hour Glass) located at Da Nang. The unsystemized arrangement and limited capacity of this equipment does not give sufficient capability to; (1) Fill aircraft that are located at Tan Son NHut, (2) Turn-around aircraft as rapidly as necessary, and (3) Operate with the three different type chemical agents now being used. The present system is characterized by the following; (a) Insufficient tank storage capacity, (b) Insufficient transfer capacity which limits turnaround time, (c) Inability to systematically select proper chemical appropriate to target requirements, (d) Inability to evacuate unused agent from tanks in aircraft. (2) The present system is progressively deteriorating due to use of 1952 vintage Hour Glass transfer equipment. This system cannot be supported and therefore will be eliminated from inventory at failure or when sooner replaced. Glaring deficiencies of this system are as noted; (a) Non-standard system, (b) Limited or no spare parts available, (c) Fire hose used to connect transfer tanks deteriorates in from h to 10 days, ( d ) Contamination of flow system (mainly due to rubber particles from fire hose lining plus sand and other foreign particles introduced by siphoning probes) because of lack of well thought out systems approach, (e) Inadequate pumping capability (Spider pump used for siphoning agent from 55 gallon drums is old and weak). k- Progress to JDate; (1) An R-2 Storage Tank (5,000 gallon), salvaged from an R-2 Servicing Unit, is to be ins tolled by Ranch Hand to provide additional transfer and storage capability and is awaiting plumbing installation by Base Civil Engineer. (Compatibility of this tank with existing chemical agents is doubtful). (2) One F-7 Servicing Unit is now in use with five more on order. (So far this equipment is functionally satisfactory, but will need teflon hosing and seals for compatibility with existing agents). �(3) Use of ARMY" Bladder Tanks for storage is being investigated by 377 Combat Support Group (Base Fuels), Tan Son NHut. (Question of agent compatibility still remains). (l») The A/A15Y-1 System has a self-filling capability, but was found to be too slow and therefore incompatible with quick turn-around re quirement. (5) Use of B-l and B-1A Nitric Acid Servicing Units (2,000 gallon capacity) were proposed by Hayes as they were believed to be in excess storage. Investigation by WRAMA Vehicle Manager revealed these units to be unsatisfactory for their designed purpose and were dismantled and removed from inventory. c. Action to be Taken and Action Agency; (1) Provide adequate bulk storage and pumping facilities for three different chemical agents at two, possibly three different bases. A requirement exists for the simultaneous filling of as many as nine aircraft at Tan Son NHut and three at Da Nang with a possible total of five at Da Nang and three at another operating location (does not include Lucky Tiger). Action agency to be determined. (2) Provide additional F-7 Servicing Units to Ranch Hand WRAMA (WRNR). (3) Provide teflon hoses and gaskets for F-7 Servicing Units WRAMA (WRNR). d • Forecast for Completion: (1) Fixed facility - to be determined. (2) Additional F-7 Servicing Units - accomplished. (3) Teflon hoses and gaskets - to be determined. �Item Number 9-66-2 - TCTO for Installation of A/AiuY-1 System in UC-123B Aircraft, Class V Mod 1776; a. Problem Presented; Eglin AFB Contract AF 08(635)-lj89ij, dated 20 Oct 1965, provided a line item for data in accordance with DD Form 11423 covering preparation of TCTO for installation of A/AJj5Y-l System in UC-123B Aircraft (AFPI 71531-(l8). Repeated attempts by Contractor, AFATL, and A/Ah5Y-l IM have been unsuccessful in obtaining from C-123 SSM appropriate documentation (AFLC Form 118A) identifying type of TCTO and aircraft handbook revisions desired. Ranch Hand representatives advised that considerable difficulty is being experienced by Flight cre*s and Aircraft Maintenance personnel due to lack of appropriate --1 Flight Manual Supplement and Aircraft Maintenance Handbook data reflecting this systems installation. This creates an obvious problem with operation and maintenance as well as a serious problem with indoctrination of new crews due to high percentage and frequency of personnel rotation. k* Progress to Date; None Ct Action to be Taken and Action Agency; (1) WRNB initiate documentation for preparation of TCTO covering installation of basic A/Alj5Y-l system using Hayes tail boom and de-modification of aircraft (removal of tank and cradle assy) back to cargo configuration. (2) WRNB initiate documentation for preparation of TCTO covering installation of Ranch Hand wing and tail boom and marriage with basic Hayes A/Alt^Y-l System. (3) WRNB establish requirement for preparation of Aircraft Maintenance handbooks concurrent with requirement for respective TCTO's. WRNB initiate immediate action to provide Ranch Hand with required supplement to T. 0. 1C-123-1 Flight Manual reflecting Defoliant Spray configuration. d. Forecast for Completion; Delinquent - In view of non-participation in this meeting by C-123 SSM personnel, a report of intended action and progress made is required at next meeting tentatively planned for 11-13 Oct 1966. �Item Number 9-66-3 - Retrofit Installation of MARK III Engine; a. Problem Presented; AFATL (ATCB) has provided for complete modification kits to retrofit present operational Ranch Hand Dispensers, utilizing MARK I and MARK II engines, to latest ARMY standardized MARK III engine configuration. The A/Aij^Y-l system has not been made full standard by AFSC; therefore, responsibility rests with AFSC to provide retrofit kits and required TCTO for Field installation. b. Progres s to da te ; Required number of kits have been placed on Contract AF 08(635) -l489h with Hayes International. c. Action to be Taken and Action Agency: (1) AFATL (ATCB) submit request to WRAMA (WRNSTH) for AFPI 18 covering this modification and appropriate handbook revisions. (2) WRNSTR provide AFPI 18 as required. (3) Contractual provisions by AFATL for TCTO and handbook revisions. d . Forecast for Completion : (1) 25 Sep 66. (2) Provide AFPI to AFATL within five days after' receipt. (3) To be determined - contingent on authority for reprogramming funds within project 2$23> and subsequent initiation of Purchase Request. �(2) Reference a ( 2 ) above. WRAMA (WRNQ) will review this problen with appropriate personnel at WRAMA and Eglin AFB to determine specific cause and remedial action. (3) Reference a(3) above. WRAMA (WRNQ) will review end item spares requirements to determine proper course of action necessary to provide adequate spare assemblies to support Field operations where battle damage or loss might be incurred requiring complete assembly replacement. Coordination with the using activity will be required. d. Forecast for Completion; (1) Reference c(l) above. (a) Revision of AFLC Form 2? - 15 Sep 1966. (b) Spare parts recomputation - lij Oct 1966. (c) Release of spare parts orders to contractor/vendors to be determined based on method to be employed. (2) Reference c(2) above. 15 Sep 1966. (3) Reference c(3) above. 30 Sep 1966. �Item Number 9-66-Ii - Spares; a. Problem presented: (1) Requirement for M&O spare parts for support of A/Alj5Y-l System is expected to reach critical proportions in the very near future due to, (1) increase in number of spray aircraft, (2) late provisioning action in relation to first operational units, and (3) system contamination by grit and rubber particles resulting from poor system arrangement and servicing equipment that is incompatible with presently used chemical agents. Also, WRAMA has received a flood of requistions for spare parts exceeding initially provisioned quantities, which did not consider system contamination problem. Lack of spare parts support is a limiting factor in Ranch Hand operations. (2) Spare parts orders are not being received by Hayes from Eglin AFB, procurement agency (APGC), in a timely manner. (3) No provisions have been made to procure and stock spare complete assemblies, such as, Tank and Cradle Assembly, Engine and Pump Assembly, and Control Console Assembly. b. Progress to Date; (1) Reference a(l) above. A quantity of stop-gap spare parts were procured by AFATL on Contract AF 08(635)-li89k. However, these have proven inadequate to sustain desired degree of Ranch Hand operation pending delivery of spare parts as a result of formal provisioning by WRAMA. Some support has been furnished by Hayes International through their engineering representative previously stationed with Ranch Hand. Further, WRAMA and DCASO at Hayes are working together with the contractor in an attempt to expedite vendor delivery of specific spare parts. (2) Reference a ( 2 ) above. A previous review of this problem with Eglin AFB, procurement activity, was supposed to have alleviated this condition or at least improved flow of documentation from Eglin to Hayes. Further investigation is in order. (3) c Reference a(3) above. No progress to date. • Action to be Taken and Action Agency; (1) Reference a(l) above. The programming check list (AFLC Form 2?) will be revised to reflect increase in number of systems and bases to be supported, and spare parts requirement will be recomputed for appropriate procurement action,. 10 �Item Number 9-66-5 - Retrofit Installatiqn of Optimized (Redesigned) Wing Boom on UC-123B Aircraft: a. Problem Presented; No authorization currently exists for installation of the Optimized Wing Boom on Ranch Hand and Lucky Tiger Aircraft. The wing boom, now ^employed by aircraft in SEA, is a non--stajid^r^jJ^gm^as^jMPJlQejvts which are^jipX "cToTSpatibie"witlT~agenJts now in use, and is not logistically supportable. _ T __±_ ^ ii .. |nr .._ m-,,i ,-!•-• , T\ .immi-"'^-"— "• J*"i"""'-'*'*r'M'^''"T'"~ "'" ' " " -—'""-•"•-""••*J**J-V*—•*"' " -.1 • *^u^-»Mf»iart-.•^J.<fa. ...-»^*••>*••. — •« *• b. Progress to Date^ The Optimized Wing Boom is presently being developed by AFATL under Contract AF 08(635)5710 with Hayes International. c. Action to be Taken; The using command will establish appropriate requirement for installation of Optimized iVing Boom. d. Forecast for Completion: 23 Sep 1966. 11 �Item Number 9-66-6 - Maintenance Data and TechnicalOrder Verification; a * Problem Presented; Maintenance data has not been provided field activities due to delayed verification of technical order. This has created considerable difficulty regarding system maintenance and identification of spare parts requirements. kf Progress to Date; Hayes has completed technical order draft in MIL Spec format. Preliminary review of blue line draft has been accomplished by WRAMA at Hayes. Equipment is currently available at Hayes and ready for verification. However, it has a MARK I configured engine installed. The MARK III engine is still pending delivery from vendor's plant where it is being mated to the pump. It was agreed that the difference between the MARK I and MARK III engine was not sufficient to warrant further delay in verification of technical order. WRAMA agrees to accomplish verification on existing equipment with MARK I engine. Final draft is to reflect the MARK III configuration, which will be verified against engineering drawings. c. Action to be Taken arid_Action_Agency; (1) Hayes will take immediate action to establish a date with WRAMA (WRNSTR) for verification meeting at Hayes. Time of meeting should be established to allow a minimum of 15 days for proper notification of participating activities. Ranch Hand representatives agreed there will be no requirement for participation by their activity in this verification. In lieu thereof WRAMA will explore the possibility of obtaining using command assistance from personnel of SAWC at Eglin AFB, who have a current and specific knowledge of Ranch Hand operation. (2) Assistance of the Hayes - DCASO Quality Office will be required in the performance of this certification and will be primary point of contact relative to WRAKA/Hayes coordination of proposed date of certification meeting. d. Forecast for Completion; At the earliest possible date. 12 �Item Number 9-66-7 - Maintenance_Training_of Ranch Hand Personnel a. Problem Presented: Newly assigned Ranch Hand Maintenance personnel upon arrival have little or no knowledge as to maintenance of the A/Ali$Y-l dispenser due to there having no prior training on this system. The resulting problems are obvious. b. Progress to Date; None c. Action to be Taken; (1) Ranch Hand should establish and submit an official requirement in accordance with AF Regulation 50-9 to Air Training Command citing type and scope of training required. However, due to extreme urgency of existing requirement, it was requested by Ranch Hand that a contractor representative (Hayes) be provided in the interim, pending development of training capability by ATC. If interim contractor support for indoctrination of Ranch Hand Maintenance personnel is not provided, some other immediate means of training must be investigated. (2) Discussion of contractor support indicated the most feasible and expeditious approach would be use of an existing Eglin AFB contract. However, this will require approval and funding by Hq USAF. d. Forecast for Completion: (1) Ranch Hand submit .requirement as soon as possible. (2) Final action on this requirement is yet to be determined. 13 �SECTION IV GENERAL COMMENTS/OBSERVATIONS 1. Forthcoming flight test of the protype optimized wing boom was introduced as a discussion item by AFATL representative, Lt. Crea. Also recognized was the recent diversion of UC-123B aircraft to Dallas, Texas, pending deployment and voluntary participation and support of Hayes International for the purpose of spraying insecticide in encephalitis infected areas. It was noted that this disease is not restricted to the CONUS as was indicated by an Associated Press report reflecting loss of 3Qk lives so far this year out of 1616 cases throughout Japan. As a result of the tremendous effectiveness and publicity of the C-123 spray operation in Dallas, it is envisioned that additional requirements are forthcoming for use of A/Ali5Y-l equipped aircraft for insecticide spraying on a world-wide basis, especially in SEA. Lt. Crea indicated he would communicate with TAG regarding intended use of insecticides with the defoliant system. If use is contemplated, TAG will be asked to establish a formal requirement for test of insecticides concurrent with test of defoliants during flight test of optimized wing boom at Eglin during September and October 1966. 2. The Ranch Hand mission is not consistent with the mission of the organization to which they are assigned. This leads to competition for resources, maintenance, and Staff Support. Proper emphasis or priority has not been placed on the defoliation mission thereby restricting the establishment of appropriate facilities for storage and transfer of more than one type chemical agent at Tan Son NHut and other operating locations. A definite advantage is envisioned by identification of the defoliation system as a weapons systems for the delivery and dissemination of chemical ordnance. Specifically, one advantage of a weapons systems identification would be to rationalize the storage and loading problem by having the chemicals handled by personnel who handle other Air Force ordnance. This could possibly result in taking the aircraft maintenance people out of the ordnance loading business. This was not introduced as a problem as appropriate agencies were not in attendance for proper discussion and action assignment. However, aforementioned weapons systems identification has considerable merit and should be evaluated by PACAF and Hq USAF to determine specific advantages to be derived for further discussion during next meeting. 3. A need was expressed by Ranch Hand for a pamphlet depicting defoliation spraying in SEA covering subjects such as: a. Chemical type, effect and hazzards. b. Type crop and vegatation recognition. c. Psyochological effect on populace. 14 �Such a pamphlet would be invaluable for indoctrination of new crews upon arrival in SEA and would be used to supplement present verbal instructional methods which are accomplished mostly during normal spray missions. Hayes International expressed an interest in preparing such a manual as they have the knowledge and capability. However, discussion was deferred to next meeting at which time it is hoped that the office of primary responsibility may be able to offer some constructive advice relative to obtaining this pamphlet. 15 �SECTION V A/A45Y-1 DEFOLIATION CONFERENCE ATTENDEES Maj Robert N. Scheideoker, WRAMA Capt Richard Peshkin, Ranch Hand Lt William J. Crea, Jr., ATCB SMS Charles Lightner, Ranch Hand Mr. Gene Smith, WRAMA W.B. O'Neal, Hayes C.F. Conklin, Hayes J.L. Harrington, Hayes John Bonta, Hayes Don Smallwood, Hayes J.E. Merk, Hayes Stan Burkot, Hayes Ronnie Dear, Hayes M.J. McMahan, Hayes 16 �SECTION VI DISTRIBUTION Activity Nr of Copies 2 2 MACV 7th AF (DOPE) (BMP) Name J-3 Chemical Branch Major Haugaton Lt Col McCellan (DAFSC/AFSC Lia O f f ) 2 315th ACW (DO) h 309th ACS (SASF) 377th CSG (DCM) (D/M) 1 1 3 377th OMS llith ACW (Coradr) PACAF (DM) . (DMM) 1 1 (DMMB) Hq USAF (AFRDDA) (AFRDQRA) (AFSMEAA) (AFXOP) (AFSMSDA) TAG (DOFT-S) (DOO-S) (DORQ-FM) ATC (ATTAT-B) Dept of Aerospace Munitions (GS-WC) AFLC (MCKTA) (MCMTE) (MCO) (MCOQM) ASD (ASJB) 1 1 1 1 3 3 12 AFSC (SCSMM) HQ RTD (RTTW) kkOQth CCTS SAWC-LC AFATL (ATCB) SAAMA (SANM) (SANNR) (SAQR) WRAMA (WRNQO) Maj Richard Engian Lt Col Reddrick Major Kline Lt Col Ferguson Major Dresser Captain Peshkin S/MSGT C. B. Lightner Col Harris Lt Col Carter Major Sibley Colonel Bradburn Colonel Thomas B. Kennedy Lt Col C. N. Powell Maj W. A. McKinney Lt Col Carter Lt Col May Mr. Ed Dougherty Maj Vinson Maj White Maj Marshall Capt Adams Maj Novikoff Lt Col Gibson TSgt Gailes Mr. Fields Mr. Whitacre Mr. Finch Mr. Clark Mr. Bro'rfn Mr. Brothers Mr. Pfiefer Mr. Goodwin Capt John R. Spey Lt Col Huston Lt Crea Mr. Arthur Miller Mr. Jack Burton Maj R. N. Scheidecker 17 �SECTION VII A/A45Y-1 INTERNAL DEFOLIANT DISPENSER SYSTEM SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The A/A45Y-1 Internal Defoliant Dispenser, designed and manufactured by Hayes International Corporation, Birmingham, Alabama, is a complete airborne defoliant dispensing system. The dispenser is packaged to permit rapid installation into, and removal from, C-123 aircraft, with only minor modifications required to the affected aircraft. (See figures 1 and 2.) The Internal Defoliant Dispenser, Part No. A/A45Y-1, provides for loading, transporting and dispensing of 1000 gallons of defoliant chemical, and in case of an emergency, dumping the full load overboard in less than 45 seconds. The tank and cradle assembly is mounted on detachable casters which are removed before anchoring in the aircraft. A control console is electrically connected into an electrical network which in turn is connected to the aircraft electrical system, certain controls and indicators in the flight compartment and the electrically operated units within the system. Pressure is applied to defoliant chemical, by an engine and pump assembly mounted on the same frame with the tank. The defoliant is transported to a nozzle assembly mounted in the slipstream of the aircraft in such a manner that a strip 250 or 300 feet wide along the line of flight is effectively covered. The nozzle assembly is designed for the most effective atomizing of the defoliant and coverage of foliage to be destroyed. The dispensing operation and, in emergency, the dump valve operation can be controlled from either the control console near the tank and cradle assembly or from the pilot's position in the flight compartment. CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS The internal defoliant dispenser is capable of containing 1000 gallons of defoliant which can be completely dumped overboard by remote control or manually in less than 45 seconds. The pump is capable of maintaining 60 + 5 psi pressure during the normal 3- to 4-minute period of operational spraying. Refilling the tank assembly is accomplished with power and equipment contained within the defoliation dispensing system. 18 �A / A 4 5 Y - I I N T E R N A L DEFOLIANT DISPENSER . T A N K VENT .MANHOLE COVER DUMP VALVE (SEE FIGURE 5) TANK LIQUID LEVEL ENGINE EXHAUST VIBRATION ISOLATOR SEGMENT CENTRIFUGAL PUMP (SEE FIGURES) TIE-DOWN FITTINGS MAIN SPRAY VALVE RECIRCULATING LINE CONTROL CONSOLE (SEE FIGURE <) JACKING LUG TEMPERATURE INDICATOR JET PUMP REFILL CRADLE NOTE: SEE FIGURE « FOR TAIL BOOM AND FIGURE 7 FOR WING BOOM. FIGURES 8 AND 9 SHOW A/A45Y-1 INSTALLED IN C-123 AIRCRAFT. Figure 1. Major Components of Defoliant Dispenser 19 �Figure 2. Defoliant Dispenser (right side) LEADING PARTICULARS Length Width Height (without casters) Weight Empty Full Capacity Normal operating pressure Normal dispensing interval Emergency dump duration Electrical system Dump valve operation Refill time (approx) Dump valve Spray valve Suction valve 16 feet, 4 inches 4 feet, 10 inches 6 feet, 5 inches 1420 pounds 12, 420 pounds 1000 gallons 60 ± 5 psi 3 to 4 minutes Less than 45 seconds 28 volts dc (supplied by host aircraft) Electrical or manual 20 minutes Electrical, 10 inch Electrical, 3 inch Manual, 3 inch 20 �TANK AND CRADLE ASSEMBLY The tank and cradle assembly is the major unit of the entire system, having a 1000-gallon tank with baffles, manhole, tube connections, and stabilizing and tiedown brackets; an engine and pump assembly which consists of a four cylinder, horizontally opposed air-cooled, engine and pump directly coupled to the engine I^S^SiSfs^SQ ^^^^iiMK^is^^^i:i^XiJ&^ Figure 3. Centrifugal Pump crankshaft; and a cradle which carries the tank, the engine and pump assembly, and is provided with four casters which are readily detachable. A temperature indicator and a liquid lever gage are installed in the tank. The engine is slightly modified from its original configuration to achieve adaptability to the requirements of the dispenser system. The detachable casters are to provide limited mobility and are removed when the unit is tied down. The defoliant used in the dispenser is stored in the tank and is fed through a suction line to the pump. The pump is driven by an air-cooled engine and forces the defoliant through a discharge line to a spray valve. A recirculation line is 21 �provided so that when the spray valve is closed, the defoliant will recirculate back through the tank. When the spray valve is open, the defoliant is forced into the spray boom and atomized by spray nozzles. When the tank is empty, a float-operated switch, located in the tank, automatically stops the engines. The centrifugal pump consists essentially of an impeller and a pump body, and is driven by the engine through a direct drive. The engine drives the pump and the speed of the engine controls the quantity of defoliant being dispensed. (See figure 3.) The recirculation line incorporates a jet-pump (ejector) tank refilling system which utilizes the fluid left in the tank from prior operation to initially operate the jet pump. CONTROL CONSOLE The control console is the nerve center of the defoliation system. All functions are controlled from this position; all monitoring equipment is located in this position; and the electrical supply is channeled and protected at this position. Prefabricated electrical cables tie the control console to all related FLUID REFILL POWER FLOAT SWITCH OVERRIDE FWD UHIT AFT UNIT STARTER AND SPRAY CHOKE THROTTLES INDICATORS VALVE ENGINES FWD UNIT OIL PRESSURE LOW OPERATE MAGNETO AFT UNIT OIL PRESSURE LOW O P E R A T E MAGNETO INCREASE ol p UNIT DECREASE Figure 4, Control Console 22 �tfoliant Handling System Loyovf �parts of the system, including the controls on the pilot's instrument panel and the aircraft electrical supply system. Tandem or single installations are controlled and monitored from the control console without any changes or alterations being performed. In the event of electrical power failure of the aircraft electrical system, certain critical functions have an option of manual operation. (See figure 4.) DUMP VALVE The dump valve is a 10 inch gate valve having both electrical or manual activation. It is designed for horizontal (vertical flow) installation and liquid flow in only one direction. The bottom of the defoliant tank incorporates a vortex interrupter and adapter to which the dump valve is secured and is in perfect alignment with an opening and spring loaded door in the belly of the aircraft. A high speed motor coupled to an actuator provides 2 second operation of the dump valve in either direction and circuit manipulation to indicate open condition. (See figure 5.) Figure 5. Dump Valve 23 �SPRAY BOOM The prime function of the spray boom is to discharge the defoliant under pressure at such a location and at such an angle that air flow, in the proximity of the discharge (spray) nozzle, contributes to the proper density of spray, the consistency of the defoliant blanket; and the lateral dimension of the effective strip. Two spray booms are available when the C-123 model aircraft is used and each boom satisfies a specific set of requirements. INSTALLATION STRUTS TIE-DOWNS TAIL BOOM INSTALLATION STRUTS . Figure 6. Tail Spray Boom and Associated Plumbing 24 �• LEFT HAND SIDE OF FUSELAGE AT THIS POINT FUSELAGE CENTER WING PIPING EXTERNAL BOOM :.-—J O VJ CO O O HOZZLE FAIRING SPRAY NOZZLES INBOARD OF NACELLE NOZZLES OUTBOARD OF NACELLE Cn �The tail spray boom (figure 6) is mounted outside the aircraft, approximately midway of the aft cargo loading door. It is designed for simple and fast installation and removal and £rovides coverage of a 250 foot strip. The wing spray boom (figure 7) is installed in the inside of the center wing and externally underneath the outboard wing. As compared to the tail boom, its installation and removal is more complex and is considered a more permanent installation. The wing boom provides coverage of a JOO foot strip and the effectiveness of the application is more uniform. Installation and removal of either spray boom does not require special skills or special tools. U ^^te^;'fe';'"^ £5S£S^ V&K^--v* Figure 8. Installation in C-123 (left side) 26 �AIRCRAFT INSTALLATION The dispenser installation in C-123 aircraft consists of towing the tank and cradle assembly (unfilled) into the aircraft and securing it to the aircraft floor utilizing twenty 10,000-pound hook and chain assemblies and the cargo floor tie-down fittings (figures 8 and 9). All piping, hose assemblies and electrical cables are installed which tie the A/A45Y-1 dispenser into the aircraft (as modified) systems, and the control console is secured to the aircraft floor; thus, making the aircraft-dispenser combination ready for servicing and operation. if- SSSSS«ti'i«V.f!. Fi'gure 9- Installation in C-123 (right side) 27 �VIET NAM RANCH HAND OPERATIONS A sketch of the ground support equipment used by RANCH HAND to refill the A/A45Y-1 dispensers with agent is shown in figure 10. The refill system presented here is the system used at Tan Son Nhut Air Base, Viet Nam. It utilizes four 1000 gallon HOURGLASS tanks. A similar refill system is used at Da Nang, but utilizes only three HOURGLASS tanks. These tanks are the predecessor to the A/A45Y-1 and incorporate a 10-horsepower engine and pump unit by which the agent is transferred into the aircraft. The agent is delivered in 55-gallon drums, then pumped from three drums at a time into the refill tanks. This is the slowest part of the operation. The procedure for filling tanks is as follows: a. The number 2 tank is filled from 55-gallon drums. b. The agent in the number 2 tank is pumped into tank number 3. c. Agent in tank number 3 is then pumped into tank number 4. d. Tank number 2 is refilled and the agent pumped into tank number 3. e. Tank number 2 is again refilled from the drums and pumped into tank number 1. . f. All other tanks now filled, tank number 2 is refilled again. Upon return from a mission, the aircraft is backed as close as possible to the refill tanks and the systems are refilled with agent using a commercial fire hose. After completion of the days work the HOURGLASS tanks are filled and the agent transferred into the aircraft. The refill tanks are then refilled in preparation for a second mission. Due to the long time needed to fill from the drums, the RANCH HAND crews are limited to only one turn around, or a total of two missions. A big disadvantage of refilling in this manner is the problem of contamination to the agent. Foreign matter gets into the refill tanks and from there into aircraft defoliant dispensing system. The rubber inside lining of fire hoses, presently used, is acted upon by the defoliant and causes large pieces of rubber to be released into the defoliant stream, thereby reducing the system effectiveness. See figures 11 thru 14 for potographic on-site refill operations. 28 �Figure 70. Existing Defoliant Transfer System Tan Son Nhut Air Base, Viet Worn 29 �Jiff, Figure 11. Ranch Hand Worfc Area ss^vavirrc .i«w«-i..7iBas.Mj-is-.e!* 2 ^^nr.«!!«*'•• iiS*-j^rn'«—.5 \ • •-'. ;-. 'O^^s&s^ ? ^praiw^s^s lv%3$StiSt3&M&*5Jg*£e> ^.^3^S^-^ •^X^V^.^«*SS* ^ai^k^^sssa^s^^^ Figure J2. Moor Class Tank and Pump 30 �^r^PS Pump (Insulated) •,-, i *•" : •"• '- •Ofc-^a^^^^ .- V—-»* _,-./^•S^^^^^^f^^^. s^c -;%*/---< "^V . 5:5-,.-•• '-' .* \Jfe*i Figure ?4,. Hour Class Spider Pump �SUPPORT FOR FLEXIBLE LIKE 55 GAL DRUM NOZZLE FOR REFILLING A/A45Y-1 TRUCK FLAT-BED ;re 16. D*fo//oof Handling System Components �of defoliant under sustained operation. The engine is a government standard, air-cooled, four cylinder, four stroke cycle, horizontally opposed model modified for remote control when mated with the control console. The engine is available in large quantities, economical to operate, proven in performance, and easily maintained due to maximum accessibility. It is designed to operate a minimum of 1500 hours at rated load and speed between major overhauls. Its extensive use in defoliation operations tends to standardize maintenance and provide a spare parts source through controlled cannibalization. The pump has been modified by the manufacturer so that it attaches to the engine at the blower section and the drive end of the crankshaft thus giving the engine and pump a one to one ratio. Shock mounting is provided to the engine-pump unit. CONTROL CONSOLE The control console is located at the end of the storage to permit visual monitoring of any engine-pump unit on the platform. All transfer functions are controlled by a single operator at the control console position. In addition to control functions, there are certain monitoring gages and instruments installed in the instrument" panel of the control console. The electrical network is considered semi-permanently installed and so arranged that simple maintenance is quickly accomplished. TANK The tank has a 10, 000-gallon capacity, protected sight gage, manhole, vent, drain line connection, and facilities for securing to the platform. The sight gage is a vertically mounted glass tube with connections to tank at each end, protectors to reduce the probability of breaking, and calibrations to indicate tank contents. MISCELLANEOUS Suction Hose. Suction hoses are provided having an inside diameter which will not be too restrictive to defoliant flow and having a wall structure to prevent collapse of hose. Hoses which are frequently disconnected have quick-disconnects to prevent rapid deterioration at connecting points. Pressure Hoses. Pressure hoses are capable of pressures up to 100 psig and have adapters in cases where control nozzles are attached. Hose material is selected to withstand the chemical action of the defoliant. 35 �SYSTEM TIE-IN The storage tank is located in the approximate center of the platform with one engine-pump unit on the truck side of the platform and two engine-pump units on the aircraft side of the platform. The single engine-pump unit has a 3-inch suction hose connected between the pump and the suction manifold. The suction manifold has three 1-1/4 inch suction hoses attached which are suspended from the suction manifold in such a manner as to hang directly over three 55-gallon drums on the flat bed trailer. A control console is secured to the platform deck in the proximity of the end of the storage tank and is electrically connected to the engine-pump unit. Two engine-pump units and their companion control console are located on the aircraft side of the platform and are shock mounted to the platform deck. The suction ports of the two engine-pump units are manifolded so that a single line attaches to the bottom of the storage tank. The discharge (pressure) ports of the two engine-pump units are also manifolded and after the pressure manifold, a single line conveys the defoliant to the aircraft having A/A45Y-1 dispensers to be serviced. Check valves are installed in pump discharge lines to permit operation of a single engine-pump unit when demands are less than maximum. At each aircraft position, a smaller pressure line with a shutoff nozzle is connected into the main line hose. These two engine-pump units are controlled concurrently from a single control console. An electrical network is provided which gives electrical tie-in of all related electrically functioning units. Cable insulation is chemically unaffected by defoliant in the environs of the defoliant handling system. CAPABILITIES Transfer 10, 000 gallons from drums to storage tank (less truck move time) Service two A/A45Y-1 dispensers (in aircraft) Service four A/A45Y-1 dispensers (in aircraft) Remotely controlled functions: 1. Drums to storage tank . shutoff valves 2. Storage tank to aircraft main lines (2) shutoff valves 25 minutes 5 minutes 5 minutes 3. Engine throttle 4> Engine starter Engine ignition b & 36 �PORTABLE DEFOLIANT HANDLING UNIT The portable defoliant handling unit idea is conceived for military installations where limited servicing of A/A45Y-1 dispensers might be required. The trailer is capable of traveling at faster speeds and for greater distances than the A/ A/A45Y-1 dispenser and, being a powered unit, it speeds up the servicing of the dispensers installed in aircraft. Overall dimensions are kept within limits which will permit air transportation of loaded units to isolated landing fields or airstrips. Technical data and capabilities are contained in figure 17. 37 �-Tr^^z^^^L 96 fcs5> ;T~ CZIiD Figure 17. Tank Trailer De �66 SMTWTFS SMTWTFS SMTWTFS JAN III MAR : r i ^ ~li> ~~i~~i~i'. s i B| 71 8 9 10 11 12JJ3: 14! 15 16" 17: 18 19! 20i 2li 22 23 24 25 26! 27 28[29 1)31. , ! 1 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 28 27 i— —) 2 9 16 23 2j 3J 4i 5! BJ 7 1 ^8 9' 10 1l! 121 13] 14 5 6 7 8 12 13 14 15 19 20 21 22 26 27 28 29 15 TB 17 18 19 20; 2T 22 23 24 25 26, 27 28 : • 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 4 11 18 25 ' ; . . 3 10 17 24 4 11 18 25 5 12 '19 26 6 7 ,3 14 20 21 27 28 1 8 15 22 29 2 9 16 23 30 i ! J ll 2' 3 40! 6 ! 7 8 9 10 11 12! 13! 14! is; 16; 17 18 19: 20, 21; 22| 23 24 25 26! 27: 28; 291 30: ; 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 31 4 11 18 25 5 12 19 26 AU6 1 2 Q ^tf_ 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 » 18 19 «L 21 ^2 23 24 » 26 27 28 29 30 31 © 7 14 21 28 1 8 15 22 29 2 9 16 23 30 NOY ! r~i ' i i ' 4 5 11 12 18 19 25 26 , 0 OCT SEP i_ 3 10 17 24 31 JUl JUM f 1 29© 31 7 14 21 28 6 13 20 27 1 2 8 9 15 16 22 23 29 30 AM ....... ; MAY i— 3 4 5 10 11 12 17 18 19 24 25 26 SMTWTFS 6 7 13 14 20 21 27 28 1 8 15 22 29 6 7 13 14 20 21 27 28 1 8 15 22 29 •3 10 17 24 31 4 5 6 11 12 13 18 19 20 25 26 27 DEC 2 3 4 5 9 10 11 12 16 17 18 19 23 ® 26 30 4 5 6 11 12 13 18 19 20 27 7 14 21 28 1 8 15 22 29 2 9 16 23 3 10 17 24 30 31 L.J NOTES 39 �NOTES �5C»H OM IfHlH FQlMlS HfftlQK.lt Controlled Access : Other Dual Thoroughfares Principal Through Routes Other Paved Roads Streets and Connecting Roads it Mileage Distances between red dots Iniersiaie J28 US @ Stale j77] Count X. ii * If \ { I / :: \ Lewisourg t. -^vi/vf \ A KrK"j^^^'^ ^^my^^^F^^4 ^-^^^^^£j^^^ iX -r " ^&WP^s•/ 1 ^' yjp ^'--''m^rv^ fr/^ ^iT *' '^ &«^ ^' 7 3 t J ! l r ^"fe >« ^V. -^t« Jr"~SsH# »-*^Z ^t? r> ?-#~^ " f-A-^ t?^=-£^m^ui/ if ^^s-Jf^yul/ 2 1S :: ! jyftEi '»OMnf>''' «. .•«!•«•• i iX^ tf (P0p*.»t W fc_- /^frfr^^^^ ^' ""H^S^^^^^-^ W^T/ J " ^ f **$& iX*% c d P * /--•>CtftIVc-' r-;--**MlCahaba *^* /-"J^^TV;'' r-:" ^Cahaba «;' '^j^'-Vestavia/.;.. :».".;•: v » \^iHillsl''i ; •' ): N ^^S« 1 " ~ A>K *^5\ BSL W � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 007 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0065 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Scheidecker, Robert N. Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>U.S. Air Force Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966-08-01 Title A name given to the resource Minutes: A/A45Y-1 Internal Defoliant Dispenser System Support Conference, 25 and 26 August 1966 Subject The topic of the resource spray equipment Ranch Hand aircraft https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/015a729b1af5623d424441746a06bc4d.pdf 0d438b62c4671f25db3c1b731cdd1b84 PDF Text Text Item ID Number 00355 Author Scheidecker, Robert N. Corporate Author u.s. Air Force Minutes: A/A45Y-1 Internal Defoliant Dispenser System Support Conference, 25 and 26 August 1966 Journal/Book Title Year 1966 Month/Day Au ust Color M Number of Images 1 DBSCrlptOU Notes pages 32-34 missing; figures 4 and 17 incomplete. This item was filed by Alvin L. Young under the category Military Use of Herbicides (item no. 65) and under the category Equipment, How Developed (item no. 356) 9 Monday, January 29, 2001 Page 356 of 382 �Item No.: 356 Author(s): Scheidecker, Robert N. Editor/Translator: Corporate Author: Article/Report Title: Minutes: A/A45Y-1 Internal Defoliant Dispenser System Support Conference, 25 and 26 August 1966 Journal/Book Title: Date: August 1966 Publisher: This item was filed by Alvin L.Young under the category Military Use of Herbicides (item no. 65) and under the category Equipment, How Developed (item no. 356). Item no. 356 is a duplicate of item no. 65 Please see item no. 65 for the complete document. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange Description An account of the resource <p style="margin-top: -1em; line-height: 1.2em;">The Alvin L. Young Collection on Agent Orange comprises 120 linear feet and spans the late 1800s to 2005; however, the bulk of the coverage is from the 1960s to the 1980s and there are many undated items. The collection was donated to Special Collections of the National Agricultural Library in 1985 by Dr. Alvin L. Young (1942- ). Dr. Young developed the collection as he conducted extensive research on the military defoliant Agent Orange. The collection is in good condition and includes letters, memoranda, books, reports, press releases, journal and newspaper clippings, field logs and notebooks, newsletters, maps, booklets and pamphlets, photographs, memorabilia, and audiotapes of an interview with Dr. Young.</p> <p>For more about this collection, <a href="/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/alvin-l--young-collection-on-a">view the Agent Orange Exhibit.</a></p> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Box The box containing the original item. 024 Folder The folder containing the original item. 0356 Series The series number of the original item. Series II Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Scheidecker, Robert N. Description An account of the resource <strong>Corporate Author: </strong>U.S. Air Force Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966-08-01 Title A name given to the resource Minutes: A/A45Y-1 Internal Defoliant Dispenser System Support Conference, 25 and 26 August 1966 Subject The topic of the resource spray equipment Ranch Hand aircraft herbicide application