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Research Publications (Food Safety)

This page tracks research articles published in national and international peer-reviewed journals. Recent articles are available ahead of print and searchable by Journal, Article Title, and Category. Research publications are tracked across six categories: Bacterial Pathogens, Chemical Contaminants, Natural Toxins, Parasites, Produce Safety, and Viruses. Articles produced by USDA Grant Funding Agencies (requires login) and FDA Grant Funding Agencies (requires login) are also tracked in Scopus.

Displaying 26 - 50 of 61

  1. Economic evaluation of low pathogenic avian influenza in northeastern US live bird markets

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • SUMMARYAvian influenza in domestic poultry can have varied impacts on the health and welfare of birds and an economic burden on producers, consumers, and animal health agencies including the cost to control and eradicate avian influenza. Low pathogenic avian influenza has historically been a recurring issue in U.S. live bird markets, but rarely studied.

  2. Evaluation of Correlations Between Nutrients, Fatty Acids, Heavy Metals, and Deoxynivalenol in Corn (Zea mays L.)

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • SUMMARYThis study was conducted to develop linear regression equations to estimate nutrients, fatty acids, heavy metals, color characteristics (L,* a,* b*), and deoxynivalenol (DON) level of corn grains (n = 54) collected from different feed mills in Turkey. Procc corr and reg procedures were used to analyze the data. Among the nutrients, asit detergent lignin, Ca, and P had the highest variability.

  3. Effects of Dietary Supplementation With Earthworm Powder on Production Performance, Blood Characteristics, and Heavy Metal Residues of Broiler Pullets

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • SUMMARYEarthworms have been studied as a feed additive and animal protein source for poultry for many years. The interest in earthworm use for manure management has greatly increased over the past few decades. However, it is unknown whether earthworm powder in the diet poses a potential heavy metal risk for broiler pullets. This study was conducted to investigate the safety of adding earthworm powder in the diets of broiler pullets.

  4. Effect of yeast mannan-rich fractions on reducing Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Campylobacteriosis is considered to be the most frequently reported cause of zoonotic illness globally, with poultry being the main source of infection. Reducing the colonization level of Campylobacter spp. in broilers entering the processing unit could make an effective contribution at reducing the incidence of zoonotic transmission of this pathogen.

      • Campylobacter
      • Bacterial pathogens
  5. Optimizing Enrichment of Campylobacter on poultry

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Poultry meat represents the primary source of Campylobacter-associated foodborne illness. Current methods set forth by USDA-FSIS for qualitative detection of Campylobacter from poultry involve selective enrichment to enhance recovery of cells. Due to the time and expense associated with these methods, there is a demand for more effective and economical methods of analysis.

      • Campylobacter
      • Bacterial pathogens
  6. Routes of transmission of Salmonella and Campylobacter in breeder turkeys

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Salmonella and Campylobacter are frequent colonizers of the intestinal tracts of poultry and have often been associated with human foodborne illness. The entry, transmission, and prevalence of both pathogens have been extensively studied in chickens but little information is available for turkeys.

      • Salmonella
      • Bacterial pathogens
      • Campylobacter
  7. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates in Moroccan laying hens farms

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Increasing emergence of salmonellosis presents a threat to the effective control of foodborne disease in humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of drug susceptibility and molecular characteristics of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolated from laying hens (LH) in 3 Moroccan regions, Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaër (RSZZ), Souss-Massa-Drâa (SMD), and the grand Casablanca (GC).

      • Salmonella
      • Bacterial pathogens
  8. Efficacy of chlorine dioxide gas in reducing Escherichia coli and Salmonella from broiler house environments

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. are considered to be the major pathogens associated with human transmissible infectious diseases in the air of poultry houses. Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is an effective biocide against a wide range of microorganisms. Accordingly, this study investigated the efficiency of gaseous ClO2 application for disinfecting broiler houses by collecting air samples before and after fumigation using a passive method.

      • Bacterial pathogens
      • Salmonella
  9. Abnormal characteristics of eggs laid by hens fed with high levels of cottonseed meal

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • In China, consumers sometimes get special eggs, which are characterized by the pasty, firm, and elastic texture of yolk from hard-boiled eggs and are usually called “rubber eggs” by Chinese customers. Consumers do not like the texture of rubber eggs and often associate the odd texture of the yolk to food safety risks. The objective of this study was to assess the physical and chemical characteristics of these eggs.

  10. Campylobacter detection in broiler ceca at processing: A three-year, 211-flock survey 1

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Campylobacter is associated with live broilers and chicken meat products. There is some discussion in the literature about the possibility that Campylobacter prevalence in broilers could be affected by season or weather conditions. The objective of this study was to measure the flock prevalence of Campylobacter by sampling cecal contents from multiple flocks in one commercial slaughter plant over the course of 3 years.

      • Campylobacter
      • Bacterial pathogens
  11. Campylobacter detection in broiler ceca at processing: A three-year, 211-flock survey1

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • AbstractCampylobacter is associated with live broilers and chicken meat products. There is some discussion in the literature about the possibility that Campylobacter prevalence in broilers could be affected by season or weather conditions.

  12. The effects of a competitive exclusion product and two probiotics on Salmonella colonization and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Competitive exclusion (CE) cultures, given as a single dose on the day of hatch, together with good hygienic practices has been shown to be a novel approach to control Salmonella in poultry. The ability of the CE product Broilact and 2 probiotics, FloraMax-B11 and Colostrum, to prevent Salmonella colonization in newly hatched chickens was evaluated employing a slightly modified Mead-model chicken assay.

      • Salmonella
      • Bacterial pathogens
  13. A modified strategy of multiplex RT-PCR for simultaneous detection of H5, H7, and H9 subtypes of avian influenza virus based on common forward oligo

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Avian influenza virus subtypes H5, H7, and H9 related epidemics are accountable for huge losses to the poultry and avian industry in Pakistan. Well-timed and accurate diagnosis of subtype(s) concomitant with a specific epidemic allows a margin of prophylaxis to farmers through requisite vaccination.

      • Viruses
  14. On farm monitoring of the impact of water system sanitation on microbial levels in broiler house water supplies

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • An evaluation of poultry farm water supplies was conducted to determine the impact of broiler farm daily water system sanitation practices on microbial levels. The water systems of 4 commercial poultry barns were sanitized daily with 0.5 to one ppm of free chlorine (Cl) residual, which resulted in an Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) value of ≥ 600 mV at the beginning of the waterlines.

  15. Examination of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater sludge conditioning using microwave irradiation

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • This experimental study focuses on the changes to the physical and chemical characteristics of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater sludge exposed to varying microwave radiation energy levels, exposure time, and pH. Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), protein, and PO4-P releases obtained from the sludge were quantified as a function of irradiation energy, exposure time, and pH with the help of Box-Benhken statistical design.

  16. Immune response of broiler chickens supplemented with prebiotic from Sacharomyces cerevisiae challenged with Salmonella enteritidis or Minnesota

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Salmonella enterica has more than 2,500 different serovars that have been described as causes of human infections, and S. enterica serovar Enteritidis is the most prevalent of these serovars. In some regions in Brazil, S. enterica serovar Minnesota was prevalent in 37.93% of broiler samples. This study evaluated the effect of a prebiotic (PREB) based on mannan oligosaccharide on the immune response of broilers challenged against Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) or Minnesota (SM).

      • Salmonella
      • Bacterial pathogens
  17. Effects of Nigella sativa on immune responses and pathogenesis of avian influenza (H9N2) virus in turkeys

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of various levels of dietary Nigella sativa seeds on immune-responsiveness and pathogenesis of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) in turkeys. The experiment was performed on 80 unvaccinated turkey poults, divided into four groups of 20 birds each.

      • Viruses
  18. Injury and death of various Salmonella serotypes due to acidic conditions

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Acid injury could prevent detection of Salmonella in feed and feed-type samples. A previous study showed that after incubation in commonly used pre-enrichment media, mixed feeds and feed ingredients reached a pH (4.0 to 5.0), capable of injuring or killing Salmonella. Approximately 105 colony forming units (CFU) of S. Enteritidis (SE), S. Heidelberg (SH), S. Kentucky (SK), or S.

      • Salmonella
      • Bacterial pathogens
  19. Comparison of conventional plating methods and PetrifilmTM for the recovery of aerobic bacteria and mold from hatchery fluff samples

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • The enumeration and evaluation of bacteria and mold are important elements in the evaluation of hatchery sanitation programs. However, detection of bacteria and mold in fluff samples is time consuming and cumbersome. The PetrifilmTM aerobic count plate (ACP) and the Petrifilm yeast/mold count plate are ready-to-use alternatives to the traditional enumeration media used for bacteria and mold associated with environment and food.

  20. Prebiotics and probiotics used alone or in combination and effects on pullet growth and intestinal microbiology

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • A study was conducted examining the effects of prebiotics and probiotics separately and in combination on growth parameters, fecal and cecal microbiota.

      • Bacterial pathogens
  21. Effects of dietary chlorine dioxide on growth performance, intestinal and excreta microbiology, and odorous gas emissions from broiler excreta

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a powerful biocide that has long been used commercially to control microbial activity in various sectors. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of dietary ClO2 on growth performance, intestinal and excreta microorganisms, and the emission of odorous gas from broiler excreta. A total of 120 one-day-old broiler chicks were provided with experimental diets including ClO2 at 0, 0.05, or 0.1% of the diet at random.

      • Bacterial pathogens
  22. Evaluation of post-chill applications of antimicrobials against Campylobacter jejuni on poultry carcasses

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Current regulatory guidelines to control poultry-borne pathogens, more specifically Campylobacter jejuni, necessitate the need for novel applications of antimicrobials during poultry processing. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of peracetic acid (PAA; 100 and 200 ppm) and sodium hypochlorite (SH; 25 and 50 ppm) as antimicrobial interventions to reduce C. jejuni on fresh poultry using 2 separate application methods (spray and immersion).

      • Campylobacter
      • Bacterial pathogens
  23. Organic acid blend in diets of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a blend of organic acids (OAs) in diets with or without antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) in chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens. Day-old male broiler chicks were used in a trial with 4 treatments and 6 replicates of 50 birds per pen, for 43 days, in a completely randomized design. The treatments in a 2x2 factorial arrangement consisted of the presence or absence of enramycin (AGP) and of a blend of OA in the feed.

      • Bacterial pathogens
      • Clostridium perfringens
  24. Combinations of plant-derived compounds against Campylobacter in vitro

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Campylobacter occur in fresh retail poultry products as a result of their colonization of the gastro-intestinal tract of chickens during growth. Feed additives could be used for suppression of Campylobacter levels in the chickens prior to slaughter. To address this opportunity, feed manufacturers are targeting natural antimicrobials from plant material as new forms of consumer-accepted feed additives.

      • Campylobacter
      • Bacterial pathogens
  25. Salmonella and antimicrobial resistance in broilers: A review

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Salmonella enterica is a zoonotic pathogen which can readily pass from animal to man through the consumption of contaminated food. The prevalence of Salmonella enterica associated with poultry and poultry meat products has been well-documented and this prevalence has both public health and economic implications. The estimated total cost for nontyphoidal Salmonella is in excess of 14 billion dollars/year in the United States alone.

      • Salmonella
      • Bacterial pathogens